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causes.
Linear errors include positioning accuracy and repeatability. These errors are sometimes referred to as positioning errors because they specify the system’s ability to reach the desired position. In the context of linear systems, the term “accuracy” typically refers to positioning accuracy, which is the deviation between the target position and the position the system achieved. Repeatability refers to how well a system returns to the same position over multiple attempts. The main contributor to linear errors is the drive mechanism (screw, rack and pinion, or linear motor, for example), but the system’s tuning can also affect its ability to reach the target position accurately and repeatably.
Angular errors are errors in which the point of interest rotates around an axis. These are typically referred to as roll, pitch, and yaw errors, denoting rotation around the X, Y, or Z axis, respectively. If the point of interest is the center of the table, or slide, angular errors may not have a significant effect on the application. But when the point of interest is some distance away from the table or slide, Abbé errors, which are angular errors amplified by distance, can produce undesirable results, especially in machining, measuring, and assembly applications. The primary causes of angular errors, and by extension, Abbé errors, are inaccuracies in the linear guides and poorly machined mounting surfaces.
Planar errors — often referred to as “straightness” and “flatness” — occur during the system’s travel, but rather than rotation around an axis, planar errors are deviations from an ideal, straight reference plane. Straightness defines the extent of motion along the Y axis as the system travels along the X axis. Similarly, flatness defines the extent of motion along the Z axis as the system travels along the X axis.
Note here that the point of reference is the axis of travel (typically the X axis), so there are only two types of planar errors, involving motion along the remaining two axes.
Planar errors are detrimental to applications such as dispensing, machining, or measuring, where the system’s behavior during motion is critical. In multi-axis systems, planar errors in one axis affect the adjacent axis (or axes), especially when the axes are “stacked,” such as in X-Y tables, planar tables, and some Cartesian systems.It might look like something out of Tron, but you're actually looking at a new type of transistor made out of germanium—which is four times faster than those currently in use.
The new transistor, developed at MIT, is what scientists refer to as a p-type device: an electronic component which relies on holes—voids in a material's atomic structure—for current to flow. Usually such devices are incredibly difficult to improve, but the MIT researchers grew germanium crystals in a clever way to eke out performance.
Essentially, they grew the germanium on top of several different layers of silicon and a silicon-germanium composite. That process teases the germanium atoms into aligning with those on the layers beneath, straining the material and forcing the uppermost layers to be far more compacted than when they grow naturally by themselves. Think of it as training a plant into shape by tying it to a cane.
That compacted form makes the holes in the germanium much closer. In turn, the resulting transistors are twice as fast as the most advanced experimental designs produced to date, and four times faster than the cutting-edge commercial variates. The upshot? Another speed bump for your humble computer—a couple of years down the line, at any rate. [The Engineer]
Image by Winston Chern and James TeheraniThe Global Interfaith WASH Alliance – Summary Paper
The Power of Partnering with Religious Leaders and Communities – Advancing Child Survival and Improving Maternal Health
An estimated 5 billion people across the world are members of religious communities. Today, religious communities are an indispensable partner in UNICEF work to advance children’s rights and enhance their well-being. Such partnerships are especially important in our renewed focus on reaching the poorest, most vulnerable and hardest to reach children and families.
In June 2012, the governments of the United States, India and Ethiopia in collaboration with UNICEF brought together 700 leaders and global experts to launch a sustained effort to end preventable child deaths called A Promise Renewed. More than 220 faith-based organizations pledged, at that gathering, to help accelerate the goals of A Promise Renewed…by advocating for and taking action on maternal, new-born and child survival.
One of the best strategies to reduce child deaths is improving access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene. Safe water and sanitation are two of the most basic human rights…two of the most basic requirements for healthy and productive societies. They enable children to survive and thrive. They enable communities to grow and prosper. Religious communities have a proven track record of success in promoting WASH (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene)-focused efforts globally. It is, therefore, a natural progression for an interfaith partnership to develop with a strong emphasis on helping realize the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) on water and sanitation.
And with less than 2 years until the MDGs’ deadline, more advocacy and action are urgently needed. The establishment of the Global Interfaith WASH Alliance could not be timelier.
Background on the Global Interfaith WASH Alliance (GIWA)
In the lead-up to international celebrations of World Water Day in March, 2013, a multi-stakeholder dialogue on water, “Wings for Water,” was held in The Hague with support from the Government of the Netherlands. As a direct outcome of “Wings for Water,” the Global Interfaith WASH Alliance (GIWA) took flight as the world’s first initiative to engage the Earth’s many faiths as allies in global efforts on water and sanitation. GIWA will be operating as a decentralized, non-hierarchical and action-oriented civil society network of religious leaders and faith-based organizations united by a common concern: to advance the achievement of the MDG on water and sanitation, and create a world where every human being has access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation.
History reveals that in many instances, severe social challenges could only be tackled and finally overcome when religious leaders and their communities weighed in on the causes with all their moral, social and economic capital. Shining examples are the abolitionism-movement, spearheaded by evangelical Christian groups in the 18th and 19th century; the Satyagraha-Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, that ended colonialism in India; the Civil Rights Movement, guided by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., which put an end to racial segregation in the United States; the Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa, which gained its strength and final victory from a massive support by South Africa’s faith communities, including the Anglican Church, headed HH Archbishop Tutu; and more recently, the Jubilee 2000 Campaign, spearheaded by an ecumenical alliance that managed to generate much public and political attention for debt relief issues.
It is also a hopeful sign that over the past years, an increasing number of religious organizations have come together at major UN summits on sustainable development and climate change to appeal to political leaders to do good on their international commitments and bring the world on a sustainable course. At the Rio + 20 Summit in June 2012, faith-based organizations joined forces as an “unofficial 10th major group”. The Global Interfaith WASH Alliance seeks to build on this legacy that underscores that despite ongoing tensions between diverse religious groups in some parts of the world, the world’s religions are increasingly realizing that they desperately need each other to jointly create a world of peace and justice where nobody is being degraded. It is this increased readiness of the religions to collaborate for the common good that provides a major incentive to create this Global Alliance.
One of the major global challenges of today is the shameful fact that despite all massive economic progress achieved in many parts of the globe in the post WW-II era, over 780 million people worldwide lack access to water coming from an improved source, many more are lacking access to drinking water that can really be considered “clean” and safe for human consumption, and over 2.5 billion people live without access to adequate sanitation. The MDG on sanitation is among the goals where the least progress has been made. 2.6 billion people, more than 40% of the world population, do not use a toilet, but defecate in the open or in unsanitary places. In India alone, 814 million men, women and children do not have access to toilets.
Children are among the most vulnerable to diseases associated with a lack of WASH: UNICEF estimates that globally, 2,000 children under the age of five die every day from diarrhoeal diseases and of these some 1,800 deaths a day are linked to water, sanitation and hygiene. This is the equivalent of 90 school buses filled with kindergarteners crashing every day.
The lack of toilets can prove extremely embarrassing for women and girls in particular, placing them in harm’s way of predators, wildlife, and criminals. Many little girls won’t go to school simply because they lack the safety and privacy provided by enclosed toilet facilities.
In addition, survivors of natural disasters are at intensified risk for the transmission of deadly water-borne disease due to the lack of water, hygiene and sanitation. According to a report by the Pan American Health Organization, (PAHO/WHO), UNICEF, the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR), and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, “Current challenges for the water and sanitation sector in the framework of the world’s Millennium Development Goals require an increase in sustainable access to water and sanitation services in marginal urban areas and rural areas, where natural hazards pose the greatest risk.”
Keeping such needs at the forefront, The Global Interfaith WASH Alliance intends to draw inspiration from historical guideposts and modern advances to galvanize unprecedented collaborative action among the world’s religious and spiritual traditions, governments, international organizations, businesses, civil society organizations, indigenous communities and youth, to create a world where improved sanitation and safe drinking water will be in reach of every human being.
The time for this Global Alliance is now: with two years left to realize the MDG on water and sanitation and 7 years to reach the year 2020, we are embarking on a prophetic time path, sanctifying time to spark a global movement of unparalleled commitment and action aimed at providing water and sanitation for every member of the human family. In the words of Rabbi Soetendorp: “Every moment counts: we hold the doorknob in our hands, the door stands ajar. Millions and millions of children look towards us from the despair of preventable diseases, violence, enslavement, thist. Do we close or open the door? In the eyes of these children we meet the Holy Blessed Be He, the Master of the House, Who urges us to make the right choice, to save one human life and thus the whole world, every second.”
GIWA will advance its objectives by:
- mobilizing religious leaders, faith-based organizations and, through them, the large number of people who belong to religious communities, re-enforcing the fundamental and inalienable human right to water and sanitation for all people everywhere;
- inspiring religious organizations to use their facilities (such as houses of worship, hospitals and schools) to improve access to water and sanitation and protect aquifers for all members of the local communities in which they are operating;
- engaging religious leaders and their communities as allies in Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Programmes and WASH training;
- encouraging religious leaders to play an active role in holding governments at all levels accountable for their responsibilities to provide access to sanitation, safe drinking water, and waste management;
- advocating with governments and other key stakeholders to take seriously their responsibilities to guarantee the human right to water and sanitation;
- creating synergies among faith-based organizations, aid agencies and religious communities working on WASH;
- documenting and mainstreaming good practices of faith-based WASH initiatives; and
- engaging the religions in concrete projects and activities aimed at enhancing public health.
Background on MDG 7 – ensuring environmental sustainability.
One of the targets if this MDG is to halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.
The world has met the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of halving the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water, well ahead of the MDG 2015 deadline.
But the WHO/UNICEF joint report in 2012 further indicates the world is far from meeting the MDG target for sanitation – and is unlikely to do so by 2015.
- Only 63 per cent of the global population has improved sanitation, far short of the 75 per cent target.
- Every day, more than 3,000 children die from diarrhoeal diseases.
- More than 780 million people still lack access to safe drinking water.
GIWA founding members include:
- The Jacob Soetendorp Institute for Human Values is a charitable foundation based in The Hague dedicated to the creation of better bridges between the cultures, religions and generations. It has been founded by Rabbi Awraham Soetendorp, child survivor of WWII and President emeritus of the European Region of the World Union of Progressive Judaism. The Soetendorp Institute has a vast network of interfaith, ecumenical and civil society organizations built over Rabbi Soetendorp’s lifetime of striving for enhanced interfaith collaboration for peace, the eradication of poverty and environmental sustainability – www.soetendorpinstitute.org.
- Ganga Action Parivar is an interfaith network bringing together the world’s preeminent researchers, environmentalists, engineers, religious and business leaders, as well as members of the general public working towards creating thoughtful solutions to the numerous problems plaguing the Ganga and its tributaries. Ganga Action Parivar has been founded by Pujya Swami Chidanand Saraswati, one of India’s most prominent spiritual voices. The Ganga Action Parivar is spearheading the Global Interfaith WASH Alliance – www.gangaaction.org.
- The All India Imam Organization is the legitimate voice of the half a million Imams of India who happen to be the religious and spiritual guide of two hundred Million Indian Muslims. AIOIM is recognized in that capacity and role both at the national and international level. This is the largest Imam Organization in the world and is so uniquely placed that prominent national and global bodies belonging to all walks of life utilize its services – www.allindiaimamorganization.org.
- The United Religions Initiative URI is a global grassroots interfaith network that cultivates peace and justice by engaging people to bridge religious and cultural differences and work together for the good of their communities and the world. URI implements its mission through local and global initiatives that build the capacity of our more than 525 member groups and organizations, called Cooperation Circles, to engage in community action such as conflict resolution and reconciliation, environmental sustainability, education, women’s and youth programs, and advocacy for human rights – www.uri.org.
- The Elijah Interfaith Institute is an international organization based in Jerusalem dedicated to fostering peace between the world’s diverse faith communities through interfaith dialogue, education, research and dissemination. The Elijah Board of World Religious Leaders brings together some of the world’s most prominent religious figures from Judaism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism and the Religions of India. The leaders they are involving (including the Dalai Lama, the Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew and the Catholic Cardinal Jorge Maria Mejia, among others) represent several hundred million people or more – www.elijah-interfaith.org.
- The Temple of Understanding has led the way in interfaith education and advocacy for over 50 years. ToU educates youth and adults both cross culturally and inter-religiously for global citizenship and peaceful coexistence; advocates for acceptance and respect for religious pluralism by the worlds governing bodies; and actively continue to promote justice and tolerance. The organization was founded in 1960 by a pioneering visionary, Juliet Hollister, with the support of a distinguished group of “Founding Friends,” which included Eleanor Roosevelt, Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Sir Zafrula Khan, H.H. Pope John XXIII, Anwar al-Sadat and H.H. the XIVth Dalai Lama, among others – www.templeofunderstanding.org.
- The Council of 13 Indigenous Grandmothers represents a global alliance of prayer, education and healing for our Mother Earth, all Her inhabitants, all the children, and for the next seven generations to come. We are deeply concerned with the unprecedented destruction of our Mother Earth and the destruction of indigenous ways of life. We believe the teachings of our ancestors will light our way through an uncertain future. We look to further our vision through the realization of projects that protect our diverse cultures: lands, medicines, language and ceremonial ways of prayer and through projects that educate and nurture our children – grandmotherscouncil.org.
- YeyeOsun Institute of Sacred Balance & Humanity4Water Awards is dedicated to preserving, sustaining and protecting the ancient spirit of our waterways and earth. We are deeply inspired by the West African Water Mother Osun who symbolizes the birth and maintenance of a noble compassionate beautiful earth and waters. Awareness raising, sharing wisdom from the waters and indigenous green practices, international collaborations of leaders around the world, implementation of innovative sustainable solutions YeyeOsun ignites the dynamic spirit of activism within each individual to be the change they wish to see. Yeye Osun was founded by prominent eco conscious spiritual leaders Yeye Omileye Achikeobi-Lewis and Chief Olu Derrick Lewis – www.yeyeosun.com.
- Forum 21 Institute Forum 21 is a multidisciplinary research association focusing on the issues facing the world today. Forum 21 works with like-minded organizations and individuals toward developing a new paradigm in which people live and work by a new ethic and framework, using science, technology, and other aspects of human knowledge in a responsible and sustainable way, and at the same time respecting all humanity and its diverse cultures. Forum 21 supports research that addresses water-related issues such as sustainable and affordable water desalination that could help resolve the global crisis of water shortage – www.forum-21.org.
- International Research Institute of Relative Economics is a path breaking concept which evolved through deep study, rational thinking and brain storming. With the vision directed by his Holy Highness Acharya Mahapragya, (14 June 1920 – 9 May 2010) who was the tenth head of the Svetambar Terapanth school of Jainism, we are striving to establishing a New Thinking of Business Economics and it’s relationship with Human Life – www.irire.org.
- Globaethics.net Foundation based in Geneva, Switzerland is a global online network with over 90.000 registered participants interested in various fields of applied ethics. It offers access to a large number of resources on ethics, especially through its leading global digital ethics library and facilitates collaborative web-based research, conferences, online publishing and information sharing. Our purpose as an organization is to create a culture of justice, peace, mutual understanding and sustainability for all living beings, and we recognize WASH as pivotal area of action to accomplish our mission – www.globethics.net.
- Inner Sense focuses on coaching and training programs related to personal development, advanced leadership, and team development in business. Together with the Soetendorp Institute and Earth Charter Netherlands, Inner Sense organized “Wings for Water”
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o corporeo.
After-hours i numeri è.
- Come perdere peso con i semi di linolo
- Perdere peso con elettrostimolatore
- Idee per una cena sana per la perdita di grasso
- Bruciare grassi con miele e limone
- Sfida una dieta di 21 giorni
- Come perdere peso con limone e miele
Esercizi Cyclette - Quali e Come?
- Your bf must be the happiest man in the world... he probably doesn't even go to work with you at home
- stupendo il tuo cagnolino !!!!
- Segui i nostri consigli per perdere peso velocemente con il cardio fitness. Qual è la migliore soluzione per perdere peso e velocemente?
Dimagrire con un'Ora al Giorno di Cyclette. Hydrobike: Fa Dimagrire?AHAHAHAHAHAH Enzù, sei un mito😂😂😂
Benefici, Proprietà e Controindicazioni. Giunti a questo travaguardo, alzate anche il livello di intensità. Per risultati visibili, praticate almeno 2 volte a settimana per 45 minuti. Sul mercato, puoi trovare sia la cyclette orizzontale che la cyclette verticale.Centaur Donna Summer charging at you with a spanking paddle might be the best thing I have heard. Ever.
I pedali non sono sotto come nella cyclette verticale ma sono spostati in avanti. Prezzi cyclette : esistono molte cyclette meno robuste e più leggere, che hanno quindi prezzi molti più bassi.Quería hacer una receta de pisto y he venido directamente a tu canal porque no defrauda nunca; garantía de calidad. Yo siempre freía todo junto pero a partir de ahora lo haré como tú. Cuánta razón tienen siempre las abuelas!! Gracias Loli. Un abrazo.
La spin bike non è altro che una cyclette da spinning. La spin bike è costruita con dei materiali molto più resistenti e, di conseguenza, i prezzi sono più alti. Questi materiali devono garantire robustezza, equilibrio e stabilità per permettere di eseguire i diversi tipi di pedalata: salita in piedi, running e jump.
Un buon link deve permettere la pedalata sia in avanti che indietro per potenziare il tuo allenamento.Лак кому жалко фанту . И да тут есть русские если да лайк
I pedali devono essere capienti e antiscivolo per facilitare il movimento in avanti e indietro. Il peso medio del volano è compreso tra i 7 e gli 8 chili.
Questo mix avrebbe benefici superiori sul corpo e sarebbe più efficiente per perdere peso! Inoltre, è essenziale per la motivazione di variare e non sempre fare esattamente lo stesso allenamento vedi sotto il nostro piano di allenamento.Come Usare l'Ellittica per Dimagrire?
Che cosa si dovrebbe sapere. Dopo un allenamento a intervalli HIITil nostro https://radio503.eu/unusual/11-08-2019.php continua a bruciare calorie per 24 ore!
Trova i nostri allenamenti cardio e HIIT per ellittica con la descrizione di ogni programma di allenamento, difficoltà, durata e numero di calorie bruciate. Le calorie non sono tutto!
La bicicletta ellittica permette di perdere calorie e chili, ma aiuta anche a tonificare i muscoli! Il primo motivo è semplice: i muscoli definiscono il vostro corpo e il suo aspetto.L'ellittica per dimagrire è una scelta ideale per chi ha bisogno di tonificare la Ma a per chi è adatto l'allenamento con la cyclette ellittica?
Avere un sedere tonico solo se si esercita regolarmente. Allo stesso modo, è importante perdere chili, ma se si desidera cosce più sottili e sode, è assolutamente necessario combinare la perdita di peso e di allenamento sulla vostra ellittica per rafforzare le cosce.Perdita di peso medica venezia flauto
Siate certi che le gambe e le cosce non raddoppieranno di volume se vi esercitate sulla vostra bicicletta ellittica. La macchina ellittica è una macchina cardio e non una macchina di forza.
Peso di gran lunga inferiore a quello atteso.
Vi tonificherà i muscoli ma non vi trasformerà in un body builder! E' la macchina fitness ideale per tutti coloro che desiderano avere un bel corpo con gambe snelle e toniche e un sedere bello e sodo. Il secondo motivo è il seguente: tonificare i muscoli permette di entrare in un circolo virtuoso.Man this so smooth, listening to this tapes gonna help me ace my psychology exam haha
I muscoli bruciano 3 volte più calorie a riposo del grasso! Tag Allenamento allenamento fitness dieta fitness benessere benessere alimentazione sport dieta. Iscriviti alla newsletter di.Nossa, acabei de encontrar um tesouro, obrigada pela receita. bjs
Ho preso visione e accetto l'informativa sulla Privacy della sezione Newsletter. Greenfit S.L'ellittica per dimagrire è una scelta ideale per chi ha bisogno di tonificare la Ma a per chi è adatto l'allenamento con la cyclette ellittica?
Fiscale e P. Durante l'allenamento è molto importante mantenere una postura ben eretta, non piegata in avanti.
Come perdere peso con i semi di linolo
Con un basso livello di allenamento è consigliabile non esagerare col movimento di pedalata all'indietro, che sollecita maggiormente l' articolazione del ginocchio rispetto a quella in avanti.
È peraltro importante mantenere un ritmo continuo ed armonioso, senza "strappare" durante l'esecuzione. Nei modelli di ellittiche che lo consentono, è consigliabile modificare la puoi perdere peso con una macchina ellittica aumentandola quando ci si trova quasi alla fine dell'esercizio, per poi diminuirla in maniera graduale fino alla fine della propria sessione di allenamento.bro love from nepal and i have a question thai is are you big fan of jonny sins?
Il dimagrimento è forse l'applicazione più diffusa di questo macchinario. Iniziamo subito precisando che, preso da solo, l'esercizio fisico dello sci di fondo — a prescindere se sulle ellittiche o all'aperto — non è direttamente responsabile del dimagrimento.Ellittica per Dimagrire: Esempio di Allenamento Efficace per Dimagrire!
Detto questo, è innegabile che i grossi muscoli delle gambe abbiano — se ben allenati — un'ottima attitudine all'ossidazione dei grassi ; per di più, coinvolgendo anche i muscoli del tronco e delle braccia, il livello di consumo calorico è sempre molto elevato. La combinazione di queste due proprietà consente di ottimizzare un eventuale protocollo di dimagrimento, implicando sia la terapia nutrizionale, sia l' attività motoria specifica.
Venendo utilizzata in ambiente controllato, lontano dai rigidi freddi invernali ma anche dagli afosi caldi estivi, l'ellittica consente di ottimizzare le risorse fisiche di chi lo usa in ogni stagione.
L' acqua espulsa trascina via con sé grosse quantità di mineralisoprattutto sodiopotassio e magnesio. Click è quindi un caso che gli atleti soffrano spesso di carenze saline, con particolare riferimento al magnesio e al potassio. Per di più, all'aumentare dei processi cellulari puoi perdere peso con una macchina ellittica che negli sportivi impegnati salgono alle stelle — incrementa anche il fabbisogno dei nutrienti coenzimatici e antiossidanti.sai come stimolare la tua Mancanza?..graditi commenti
couture slim white cigarettes. Vuoi dimagrire, avere un bel corpo, cosce sode e glutei muscolari?Pues si tengo sistema nervioso excitado. Gracias por excelente explicación.
Vuoi sapere come allenarti sulla tua bici ellittica per bruciare il massimo di calorie e grassi? Per sapere quanto tempo ci vuole?
Perdere peso con elettrostimolatore
E per sapere se l'ellittica non rischia di gonfiare le gambe e le cosce? Vi spiegheremo tutto quello che dovete sapere e vi daremo tanti consigli per perdere peso con l'allenamento con la cyclette ellittica ed entrare in un circolo virtuoso!
|perte de poids tension basse||calendario per una dieta sana|
|tè per bruciare il grasso alle erbes||
Apporta una elevata quantità di estratti di erbe, è senza glutine, non contiene dolcificanti né aromi.
|fagioli mung e aumento di pesona||
Pertanto, si raccomanda l'attento monitoraggio delle concentrazioni di litio nei pazienti ai quali venga somministrata tale associazione.
Questi confronti sono divertenti, ma non ci raccontano le basi! Quante calorie dovresti bruciare per perdere 1 chilo?Eu fiz e deu certo, eeeeeeeeeee😃😃😃😃😃😀
Quante calorie dovete bruciare per perdere 1 kg? È quindi necessario bruciare 9 chilocalorie per perdere 1 kg di grasso, o 1. Il corpo, tuttavia, brucia calorie a riposo, soprattutto per la digestione, ad un tasso di 2.
Per perdere 1 kg di grasso devi bruciare 7. Calorie o Kilocalorie?
- Ogni allenamento andrà eseguito mantenendo sempre una posizione erettasenza piegare il tronco. Non appena la propria tempra lo consentirà, sarà possibile incrementare la resistenza della macchina.
- Questo attrezzo consente di muoversi con movimenti che somigliano molto alla corsa oppure o allo sci di fondo consentendo di mettere in moto la quasi totalità dei gruppi muscolari ed ottenere una tonificazione del corpo completa. È questo il binomio perfetto!
- Uno studio ha dimostrato che bastano solo 20 minuti di bicicletta ellittica per ottenere gli stessi benefici che si conseguono con 30 minuti di cyclette. Sapere come rispondere a queste domande farà la differenza nel numero di chili che riuscirete a perdere usando la bicicletta ellittica.
- Altri sono: tapis roulant, cyclettecyclette orizzontale, step, step laterale, remoergometro, excite, isoclimb ecc.
- Vuoi dimagrire, avere un bel corpo, cosce sode e glutei muscolari? Vuoi sapere come allenarti sulla tua bici ellittica per bruciare il massimo di calorie e grassi?
Sentiamo spesso confondere calorie e chilocalorie. Una banana contiene kcal e non calorie. In nutrizione, l'unità Cal è utilizzato con una lettera maiuscola e poi significa 1kcal o 1.Ridurre il grasso della pancia con le immagini
In chiaro, 1. Che cosa sono esattamente le calorie? Il nostro corpo ha bisogno di energia per funzionare e questa energia è portata dal cibo che mangiamo. Quando ci alleniamo, il nostro corpo ha bisogno di più energia e quindi brucia più calorie che a riposo.
Idee per una cena sana per la perdita di grasso
Per perdere 1 kg è necessario bruciare 7. Se facciamo il calcolo, si dovrebbe calcolare 1 ora sulla tua bici ellittica puoi perdere peso con una macchina ellittica volte alla settimana per 1 mese! Oppure fare 20 minuti di ellittica ad alta intensità al giorno tutti i giorni durante read article mese, che consente di bruciare esattamente 8.
Pertanto, se si pratica la macchina ellittica senza esercitare troppa pressione allenandosi 3 volte alla settimana a media intensità per 1 ora in ogni sessione, si perde 1 kg dopo un mese. Probabilmente vi state chiedendo se non sia meglio concentrarsi sull'allenamento intensivo, chiamato allenamento a intervalli o allenamento HIIT, più efficace nel perdere calorie rapidamente e quindi perdere peso più velocemente."100% accurate". Lol, why are American so dumb with cars?
Per perdere 1 kg al mese. Allenarsi per 1 ora sull'ellittica 3 volte alla settimana vi aiuterà a perdere 1 kg al mese.
Calcolo della frequenza cardiaca.
Un altro modo per perdere 1 chilo in un mese è quello di allenarsi 20 source al giorno ad una intensità molto alta facendo un allenamento HIIT. L'allenamento ad intervalli ad alta intensità allenamento HIIT è un programma di allenamento intensivo a breve termine che consente di bruciare molte calorie in un tempo molto breve.
Nella zona aerobica, il carico è da moderato a elevato. Entra in Reverso, è semplice e gratis.
Ad esempio, se si pedala ad un'intensità molto elevata per 30 minuti, si bruciano kcal mentre si bruciano kcal se si fa esercizio fisico ad intensità media per 1 ora.
Da qui questo dilemma esistenziale: dovrei piuttosto fare un lungo allenamento cardio o un breve programma di allenamento HIIT per perdere peso?
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Quale è più efficace? Ricercatori della Florida State University hanno tentato di rispondere a questa domanda. Hanno preso 2 gruppi di persone: il primo ha seguito un allenamento a intervalli e il secondo un allenamento cardio classico, tutte le persone che hanno bruciato lo stesso numero di calorie durante l'allenamento.Palestra in casa: i migliori attrezzi per un allenamento cardio
Significa che continuiamo a bruciare calorie e grassi per diverse ore dopo la sessione di allenamento! Secondo gli studi più recenti, il meglio sarebbe quello di alternare tra allenamenti cardio e HIIT! Eseguire ad esempio 1 o 2 sessioni di allenamento HIIT a settimana e 1 o 2 sessioni di allenamento cardio.I benefici di allenarsi con le Ellittiche
Questo mix avrebbe benefici superiori sul corpo e sarebbe più efficiente per perdere peso! Inoltre, è essenziale per la motivazione di variare e non sempre puoi perdere peso con una macchina ellittica esattamente lo stesso allenamento vedi sotto il nostro piano di allenamento.
Che cosa si dovrebbe sapere. Dopo un allenamento a intervalli HIITil nostro corpo continua a bruciare calorie per 24 ore!Le" cose di pesce" i pesci non sono cose...sono esseri viventi e senzienti.....ragazze siete simpatiche ma vi saluto..non fate più per me! Go veg!! :-)
Trova i nostri allenamenti cardio e HIIT per ellittica con la descrizione di ogni programma di allenamento, difficoltà, durata e numero di calorie bruciate. Le calorie non sono tutto! La bicicletta ellittica permette di perdere calorie e chili, ma aiuta anche a tonificare i muscoli!
Il risultato, ovvero il coefficiente, è da inserire in un'apposita graduatoria di valutazione.
Il primo motivo è semplice: i muscoli definiscono il vostro corpo e il suo aspetto. Avere un sedere tonico solo se si esercita regolarmente.
Bruciare grassi con miele e limone
Allo stesso modo, è importante perdere chili, ma se si desidera cosce più sottili e sode, è assolutamente necessario combinare la perdita di peso e di allenamento sulla vostra ellittica per rafforzare le cosce. Siate certi che le gambe e le cosce non raddoppieranno di volume se vi esercitate sulla vostra bicicletta ellittica.
enfisema aumento di peso affaticamento calorie e aumento di peso Facile dieta vegetariana indiana per perdere peso. Pillole per dimagrire naturiste. Esercizi di routine per perdere peso in palestra. Dieta dimagrante per 4 giornita. App per android tv box. Come perdere peso sulla dieta di cibi integrali. Gi ricette dietetiche muffini. Quanti semi di moringa per perdere peso. Pool di sinergia per la perdita di peso garage. Perché perdo peso durante la gravidanza. Glucomannan and garcinia cambogia weight loss. Dieta 3 giorni solo frutta e verdura. Dieta detergente per brodo vegetale. Cetriolo e chia di ananas per perdita di peso. Programma completo per la perdita di grasso corporeo. Perdita di peso di tommy lister. Come perdere peso con le piante naturalità. Recensioni di dieta di kempner. Rinnovo corpo garcinia cambogia usni. Bruciatore di grassi vietnam. Dieta per eccesso di ferritina.
La macchina ellittica è una macchina cardio e non una macchina di forza. Vi tonificherà i muscoli ma non vi trasformerà in un body builder!
E' la macchina fitness ideale per tutti coloro che desiderano avere un bel corpo con gambe snelle e toniche e un sedere bello e sodo.L'ellittica per dimagrire è una scelta ideale per chi ha bisogno di tonificare la Ma a per chi è adatto l'allenamento con la cyclette ellittica?
Il secondo motivo è il seguente: tonificare i muscoli permette di entrare in un circolo virtuoso. I muscoli bruciano 3 volte più calorie a riposo del grasso! Più muscoli significano più calorie bruciate senza fare nulla.Benessere 360 brucia grassi
Questo è tanto più importante in quanto dopo i 25 anni, si continuano a perdere muscoli e guadagnare grasso, e questo aumenta con l'età. E 'quindi fondamentale compensare con un regolare esercizio fisico e rafforzare i muscoli.still wait the next single : my salsa 🤣🤣🤣
La cyclette ellittica ti porta in un circolo virtuoso: perderai grasso, aumenterai la tua massa muscolare e questa massa muscolare in più ti aiuterà a bruciare più calorie a riposo! Non è possibile scegliere in quali parti del corpo perdere peso, ad esempio esclusivamente dalle cosce o dalla pancia!Zuppa miracolosa per perdere peso in una settimana
Quando si perdono grassi e chili, diminuiscono un po 'ovunque. Tuttavia, è possibile puntare le cosce durante l'esercizio fisico per rafforzarle e tonificarle maggiormente.
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- Se hai poco tempo a disposizione per andare in palestra, avere una palestra in casa è la soluzione ideale per allenarti e mantenerti in salute.
- when the GOAT speaks , we listen...period ...
- Spero proprio che in qualche attentato uccidano i vertici dei partiti europeisti, so che è poco probabile ma sarebbe bello
Vedi anche: Grasso localizzato e dimagrimento.
- :( no respoondes los comentarios
- Quell'imbecille non si poteva girare per vomitare?
Seguici su. Altezza piede.
L'ellittica allena su gambe, cosce e
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seedlings.
At the end of March to early April can also be used with plastic film covering on the surface of the shade, night or early sowing and seedling early colonization of potato, beans, etc. Sauteed Green Beans (surface coverage is a horizontal frame with sunshade net is directly covered with crops above, can also be a simple bamboo rope, about 50 cm high, can be covered with shade net) to promote growth, reduce frost. The summer temperature is high, and the wind and rain are frequent, which is very unfavorable to the cultivation of vegetable seedlings.
The commonly used straw mulching, straw mats and other shade cloths instead, convenient management and ideal effect, can significantly improve the survival rate and quality of seedling. The specific approach is: before sowing and seedling shading will directly covered on the bed after the emergence of a timely start covering, shed height more than l meters, sunny day, rainy days off cover: the temperature is higher than 30 degrees at 10 in the morning cover, 4 pm when the temperature is higher than 35%. The whole canopy.
Hot summer with cool shading cultivation of fast-growing leafy vegetables, shading in the original greenhouse, small shed protection facilities or build simple trellis covered shade net, can grow normally in the summer to the growth of radish, parsley, celery, spinach, lettuce, chrysanthemum etc.. Only according to the season on the net, can play the function of shading. You can get better shade effect.河南龙网科技频道：【本文标题是沃尔玛测试杂货配送机器人，计划年底覆盖 2000 家门店。。】---来源是：雷锋网
雷锋网消息，美国时间8月3日，沃尔玛正在与初创公司Alert Innovation合作一个自动化系统。该系统将帮助员工收集和打包在线杂货订单。作为商店翻新的一部分，Alphabot系统目前正在新罕布什尔州塞勒姆的一个超级购物中心安装，其中还包括20000平方英尺的扩建部分。新区域将容纳Alphabot，并作为专门的杂货提货点，为客户提供专用车道。
----沃尔玛测试杂货配送机器人，计划年底覆盖 2000 家门店//----河南龙网 http://www.henanlong.com
该公司表示，Alphabot系统是专门为沃尔玛开发的，它包括自动推车，可以从存储容器中取出物品并将其运送给店员，可以组装订单并准备店内提货或送货。沃尔玛表示，大多数货架稳定，冷藏和冷冻食品将以这种方式运输，“其他新鲜物品”则不包括在内。DURHAM — Physicists from the University of New Hampshire’s Space Science Center have been funded by NASA to develop key technological components needed for instruments on board next-generation small research satellites known as “CubeSats.”
The three-year, $369,948 competitive grant was awarded through NASA’s Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, or EPSCoR, Research Infrastructure Development (RID) program. The project involves three scientists from the UNH Institute the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and department of physics, two collaborators from Dartmouth College, and several regional industrial partners.
The project’s principal investigator is research professor Antoinette Galvin, who also serves as the director for the New Hampshire NASA EPSCoR program headquartered at UNH. NASA EPSCoR establishes partnerships with government, higher education, and industry that are designed to effect lasting improvements in a state’s or region’s research infrastructure and R&D capacity. In addition to the research and technology development, the awards enable faculty development and higher education student support.
For the multifaceted RID project, associate professor Marc Lessard is lead scientist for work aimed at developing miniaturized instrumentation for a magnetometer that could fly on pint-sized CubeSat satellite missions. Associate professor James Connell will lead work to develop scaled-down electronics to support high-energy particle instruments similar to ones he and colleagues have developed for standard-sized spacecraft.
The Dartmouth co-investigators, professor Kristina Lynch (formerly of UNH) and associate professor Robyn Millan, will further ongoing technology development directed toward the goal of an orbiting “swarm” of multiple CubeSats that will work together to make multipoint investigations of geospace phenomena.
“NASA’s EPSCoR program allows our state to build up technical and scientific expertise and internal infrastructure to face the challenges of today’s competitive research,” says Galvin. “The program is noteworthy in that our partnerships include the practice of pledging matching funds and an emphasis on promoting student participation in, for example, CubeSat development — a key component of our RID programs at UNH and at Dartmouth College.”
The innovative 10x10x10-centimeter CubeSat satellites, which are generally auxiliary payloads on previously planned missions, provide low-cost, ready access to space exploration for university graduate students and researchers. UNH is currently working on the FIREBIRD (Focused Investigations of Relativistic Electron Burst Intensity, Range, and Dynamics) CubeSat mission slated for launch in 2013.
EPSCoR was established by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 1979, with a goal of strengthening U.S. research and education in science and engineering. NSF designated New Hampshire an EPSCoR state in 2004, and in 2007 the state became eligible for NASA EPSCoR funding. Since then, in addition to the recent RID funding, research awards totaling over $2,740,000 under the administration of UNH have come to the state through the NASA program, including another recent award for $744,432 for research on the effects of microgravity on the human eye that is led by Jay Buckey, professor of medicine at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth.
To view the NH NASA EPSCoR website, visit http://www.nasaepscor.unh.edu.-
bu kişiler, bir partinin türkiye'deki il belediyelerin yarısından fazlasını kazanmasına rağmen ilk 3'e bile girememiş imajının oluşmasına sebeptir. bu çoğunluk hep sessiz kaldıkça ezilecektir. bu kişilere eğitimsiz denecektir. yetmeyecek koyun sürüsü denecektir. profesör olsa dahi cahil v.s. sahil kıyaslaması yapılacaktır. çünkü sessizdir.
unutulmamalıdır ki bu kitle sessizdir ancak çoğunluktur! gün gelecektir bu kitle de konuşmaya başlayacaktır.Besides education, the paramount role of government in the eyes of most citizens is the provision of public safety. To lead healthy, productive and happy lives, residents need to live and work in safe surroundings. This category measures a host of outcome measures, such as arrest and crime rates. It also takes up issues specific to youth. Finally, it covers some of the role of local fire departments. Nearly all the indicators are benchmarked to the state and many to the U.S.
A full definition of each indicator, as well as its relevance to Skagit County, can be found in the More Information section. The data themselves are available in a spreadsheet via the Download Data tab.
To reduce the richness of each graph, simply click on a measure in the legend that you would like to see absent. Click again to restore the measure.贪狼夫妻宫代表什么(图文)
狼星是北斗的第一颗星，也是紫微的主要星。在古代的夫妻宫中，古人对这座宫殿非常重视。如果一个女人的丈夫和妻子有痣，刀子等，这些女人就不需要了。那么，狼狼夫妻代表什么呢？
男女婚姻不好，有很多曲折。主要的婚姻不仅仅是婚姻。许多婚姻不能老，没有人出生，早婚是分开的。男人和女人应该是三，五岁的配偶，在结婚前有很多曲折，并且在同一性质上工作可以减少厄运。贪婪的狼是主要的桃子，男女性别强，性欲强。由于酒体上的亲密关系或颜色的不同，大多数夫妻在一起。每次上车时，他们都会补票。配偶更具投机性，社交性，酒色，虚荣，愚蠢，浓郁，性感和浪漫。男性生活不稳定，第一次是热情，其后有很多外遇，妻子任性而强，可能是尘土飞扬的女人。该女子被判处死刑或浪漫，乐于听优美的话语，有很多曲折的感觉，容易被已婚男子追捧，离婚，丈夫善于赌博，性格开朗，容易被丈夫和丈夫虐待。感冒，加桃子是水性阳花；丈夫有外遇可免予处罚，应部分住房，或出具证明后先同居，晚婚，年老的丈夫结婚。当进入圣殿时，主仍然离婚了。除了添加Ku，惩罚是不可避免的，加冕仪式更加严重，婚姻是三倍。宫殿容易被欺骗，G陀罗被强奸。紫微通宫可以缓解。再加上左右，会有外在的感觉和许多情感上的问题。再加四只蝎子，主要惩罚，死与生。火铃是一样的，起初主是恋爱的，婚姻冷淡之后不久，还看到孤独的丧失，阴霾，破碎，驱散上帝，容易被抛弃，或自己的疾病引起了婚姻被打断。与羊火或乌龟一样，重罚，配偶死于疾病，骗局更加准确。增加惩罚，空洞的星星和反能量可以避免离婚，但这仍然不是很好，其原因也是不利的。加上桃花星，双方都有stars昧关系。再加上天尧有着实质性的关系。رییس کمیسیون معدن و صنایع معدنی اتاق مشهد: توجه به بخش معدن، کلید دستیابی به اقتصاد مقاومتی
کمیسیون معدن و صنایع معدنی اتاق مشهد به ریاست علی پورفتح اله امروز درمحل اتاق بازرگانی خراسان رضوی تشکیل شد. در این جلسه به اهمیت توجه به بخش معــدن، نه تنها از دیدگاه ارزآوری، بلکه از نظــر ایجاد اشتغال در داخل کشور تاکید شد.
به گزارش روابط عمومی اتاق بازرگانی، صنایع، معادن و کشاورزی خراسان رضوی: علی پورفتح اله, رییس کمیسیون معدن و صنایع معدنی اتاق مشهد، با اشاره به رویکرد دولت مبتنی بر عدم اتکا به منابع نفتی بر اصلاح قوانین، برنامه ریزی، سرمایه گذاری (داخلی و خارجی) به عنوان سه رکن رسیدن به تولید ثروت و ارزش آفرینی بخش معدن در کشور تأکید کرد.
پیشنهادات کمیسیون معدن به ستاد تلفیق ارسال شده است
وی با اشاره به سفر اعضای کمیسیون صنایع مجلس شورای اسلامی به دعوت اتاق مشهد عنوان کرد: اکثر پیشنهادات کمیسیون معدن و صنایع معدنی در تغییرات لایحه برنامه ششم مورد توجه و تصــویب کمیسیون صنایع و معادن مجلس قرار گرفته و برای ارسال به کمیسیون تلفیق ارسال گردیده است.
پورفتح اله افــزود: با توجه به اصلاح قانـــون معدن، ظرفیت های خوبی برای تحرک بیشتر این بخش و نقش آفرینی آن در اقتصاد فراهم شده که باید به نحو شایسته ای استفاده شود.
لزوم تدوین طرح جامع معدن
وی با تأکید بر لزوم تدوین طرح جامع معادن و صنایع معدنی استان تأکید کرد: به منظور رونق بیشتر اقتصاد استان و توسعه اشتغال باید زنجیره ارزش در بخش معدن و صنایع فرآوری آن شکل گیرد.
ارتباط بین صنعت و دانشگاه یک ضرورت است
در ادامه مدیر توسعه کارآفرینی دانشگاه آزاد مشهد با ارایه گزارش از وضعیت پذیرش دانشجــو در رشته های مختلف در دانشگاه آزاد واحد مشهد گفت: با توجه به حجم بالای پایان نامه های این دانشگاه اگر درصدی از این پایان نامه ها در بخش معدن استفاده شود قدم بزرگی در ارتباط بین بخش صنعت و دانشگاه برداشته ایم.
بخش معدن مورد بی مهری قرار گرفته است
حسین نکاحی، عضو کمیسیون معدن اتاق مشهد نیز با ابراز اینکه امکان سنجی تأمین رشته معدن با گرایش اکتشاف در دانشگاه آزاد مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است گفت: با توجه به پتانسیل های بالای خراسان رضوی در بخش معدن این بخش مورد بی مهری قرار گرفته و آنطور که باید به آن توجه نشده است.
چالش های آمار در بخش معدن، بررسی امکان سنجی تامین رشته معدن با گرایش اکتشاف در دانشگاه آزاد، تربیت نیروی معدن از دوره دبیرستان ولزوم ایجاد بانک اطلاعاتی معدن برای دسترسی به آمار صحیح از دیگر موارد مطرح شده در این کمیسیون بود.WuMgr Kullanarak Windows Güncellemeleri Nasıl Yönetilir
Windows için Güncelleme Yöneticisi veya WuMgr, kullanıcıların Windows güncellemelerini Windows 10'daki Ayarlar uygulamasından çok daha iyi yönetmesine olanak tanıyan küçük bir uygulamadır. Bu uygulamayı, seçili güncellemeleri yüklemek, yüklenmemeleri için gizlemek için kullanabilir, veya önceden yüklenmiş herhangi bir Windows güncellemesini kolayca kaldırın.
WuMgr'ı nasıl kurabileceğinizi ve onu seçici amaçlar için nasıl kullanacağınızı görmek için daha fazla araştırma yapalım. Hızlı özet saklamak 1 Windows için Güncelleme Yöneticisi'ni kullanarak Windows güncellemelerini yükleyin 2 Windows için Güncelleme Yöneticisi'ni kullanarak Windows güncellemelerini kaldırın 3 Windows için Güncelleme yöneticisini kullanarak Windows güncellemelerini gizleyin 4 WuMgr'ı indirin ve yükleyin 5 Kapanış sözleri
Windows için Güncelleme Yöneticisi'ni kullanarak Windows güncellemelerini yükleyin
Uygulamayı yükledikten veya Güncelleme Yöneticisinin taşınabilir sürümüne sahip olduğunuzda, varsa Windows güncellemelerini yüklemeye başlayabilirsiniz. İşte bunu nasıl yapacağınız.
Uygulamayı başlatın ve Ara (Daire) soldaki düğme. Bu, bekleyen güncellemeler için otomatik bir arama yapacak ve halihazırda yüklü güncellemeler hakkında bilgi toplayacak ve ilgili kategorileri dolduracaktır.
Bekleyen güncellemeler algılanırsa, bunlar Windows güncelleme kategori. Açın ve yüklemek istediğiniz güncellemenin/güncellemelerin yanındaki kutuyu işaretleyin ve İndirmek düğmesine basın (aşağıdaki resimde vurgulanmıştır).
İndirdikten sonra, ayrı olarak yüklenmesi gerekir. Bir güncelleme yüklemek için onay kutusunun işaretlendiğinden emin olun ve ardından Düzenlemek buton.
Kurulduktan sonra yeniden başlatma gerekebilir. Öyleyse, Windows güncellemesinin kurulumunu tamamlamak için bilgisayarı yeniden başlatın.
Windows için Güncelleme Yöneticisi'ni kullanarak Windows güncellemelerini kaldırın
Bir güncellemeyi kaldırmak, bir güncellemeyi yüklemekle hemen hemen aynıdır. Aç Yüklü Güncellemeler kategorisini seçin ve silmek istediğiniz güncellemelerin yanındaki onay kutularını işaretleyin. Ardından, sadece üzerine tıklayın Çöp buton.
Gerekirse, güncellemeyi başarıyla kaldırmak için bilgisayarınızı yeniden başlatın.
Windows için Güncelleme yöneticisini kullanarak Windows güncellemelerini gizleyin
Bir güncellemenin gizlenmesi, indirilip kurulabileceği anlamına gelir, ancak bunu atlamak isteyebilirsiniz. Bir güncellemeyi gizlemek için, simgesine tıklayarak mevcut güncellemeleri arayın. Arama düğmesini, onay kutusunu işaretleyerek seçin ve ardından Saklamak buton.
Güncelleme artık şurada görünmeyecek: Windows güncelleme kategoriye geçiş yapın, ancak Gizli Güncelleme kategori. Bunları daha sonra kategoriden seçerek kurabilir ve ilgili butonları kullanarak indirip kurabilirsiniz.
WuMgr'ı indirin ve yükleyin
Neyse ki, Windows için Güncelleme Yöneticisi hem GitHub'dan hem de Microsoft Store'dan indirilip kurulabilir. GitHub'da uygulamanın taşınabilir bir sürümünü alırsınız, Microsoft Store'dan ise uygulama cihazınıza yüklenir.
Taşınabilir sürümü edinmek için, WuMgr GitHub sayfası ve sayfanın sağ tarafında bulunan en son sürüme tıklayın.
Şimdi, indirmek için mevcut olan ZIP dosyasına tıklayın. İndirildiğinde, içeriğini çıkarın. o zaman göreceksin wumgr.exe Uygulamayı çalıştırmak için çalıştırabileceğiniz ayıklanan klasördeki uygulama.
Windows için Update Manager'ın uygulama sürümünü bilgisayarınıza yüklemek için, şu sayfayı açın: Microsoft Mağazasında WuMgr ve tıklayın Elde etmek .
Uygulama şimdi cihazınıza indirilecek ve yüklenecektir. Bir kez yaptığında, normal bir uygulama gibi başlatabilirsiniz.
Kapanış sözleri
Windows 10 güncellemelerini atlamanın veya kendi görevlerinizi huzur içinde gerçekleştirebilmeniz için bunları geçici olarak durdurmanın yollarını arıyorsanız, WuMgr'ı hemen kullanmaya başlamanızı öneririz.
Diğer kullanışlı konfigürasyonların yanı sıra, bilgisayarınızın otomatik veya manuel güncelleme araması yapıp yapmadığını kontrol edebilir.The rise of goutBy April Frawley Birdwell • Published: February 15th, 2011
Category: Health in a Heartbeat
More people than ever are getting gout. This raises many questions … Why? How can we stop it? Who is at risk?
But most importantly … what the heck is gout?
If the word conjures images of retirees playing shuffleboard, you’re not far off. Generally, gout affects the older set, usually men. The only difference? A person suffering from an attack probably wouldn’t feel up to a game of shuffleboard.
This painful type of arthritis usually strikes the joints in the foot and big toe. The pain comes on suddenly and can linger for days. There’s a good reason why it’s so painful. When too much uric acid builds up in the body, crystals form that make their way to your joints. Uric acid crystals in joints equals pain for you.
Boston University experts say cases of gout have been on the rise in the United States since the 1960s.
One of the main reasons? Rising rates of obesity in the U.S.
Obesity and high blood pressure put people at increased risk for developing gout.
Other studies show that drinking too much sugary soda and even orange juice can increase a woman’s chances of developing the condition. Canadian scientists say the rise in cases over the past several decades mirrors the rise in the popularity of soda.
Your body creates
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başladıktan yaklaşık 48 saat sonradır. Antibiyotiklerin seyri tamamlandığında, bakterilerin artık vücudunuzda olmadığından emin olmak için testler yapılacaktır.
Kuşpalazı önlenebilir mi?
Çocuklara, yaşamlarının ilk yılında, difteri için aşı içeren üçlü bir aşı yapılır ve daha sonra çocuklukta birkaç takviye doz verilir. Bu, kuşpalazı vakalarını çok nadir hale getirdi, ancak kuşpalazı gelişmekte olan ülkelerde hala görülüyor. Bu nedenle, başka bir ülkeden gelen difteri hastası (taşıyıcı) ile temas durumunda aşıya hala ihtiyaç vardır. Aşı, kuşpalazı aktif olduğu bir bölgeye seyahat için de gereklidir.
DBT aşısı, 3 hastalığa karşı koruma sağlayan bir karma aşıdır. Difteri, tetanoz ve boğmacaya karşı korur.
Kuşpalazı hakkında önemli noktalar
- Kuşpalazı, bakterilerin neden olduğu bir hastalıktır. 2 tip vardır. Solunum şekli boğaz, burun ve bademcikleri etkiler. Diğeri cildi etkiler.
- Solunum salgılarıyla ve enfekte kişi öksürdüğünde veya hapşırdığında enfekte damlacıkları soluyarak yayılır. Kirlenmiş bir nesneye dokunarak da yayılabilir.
- Solunum şekli semptomları arasında nefes darlığı, hızlı kalp atış hızı ve boğaz ağrısı bulunur. Derideki rahatsızlık semptomları genellikle daha hafiftir. Ciltte sarı lekeler veya yaralar içerebilirler.
- Antibiyotikler, kandaki toksinleri salmadan önce solunum difteri tedavisinde kullanılır. Aynı zamanda bir antitoksin verilebilir. Bazen ciddi solunum problemleri için trakeostomi gerekir.
- Doktorunuz difteri olduğunuzu düşünürse, tedaviye hemen başlanacaktır. Kuşpalazı çok ciddi bir hastalıktır. Tedavide bile, yaklaşık 10 kişiden 1’i ölür.物流的行业地位发布日期：2021-04-01 访问量：2197
物流业是融合运输业、仓储业、货代业和信息业等的复合型效力产业，是国民经济的重要组成部分，触及范围广，吸纳失业人数多，促进消费、拉动消费作用大，在促进产业结构调整、转变经济展开方式和增强国民经济竞争力等方面发扬着重要作用。
物流产业对国民消费总值的贡献程度，可经过物流产业所创造的产值占国民消费总值的比例来权衡。2001-2008年，物流业添加值占GDP的比重呈坚定下降趋向，2009-2013年呈坚定上升趋向，说明物流业在整个国民经济中的地位有所提高。2013年，中国物流业添加值3.9万亿元，可比增长8.5%，增幅较上半年上升1.1个百分点，但较上年同期回落0.7个百分点。物流业添加值占GDP的比重爲6.8%，占效力业添加值的比重爲14.8%。Sevgili gençler, her zamanki gibi önce geçen ay sorduğumuz problemin çözümüyle başlayalım:
Sevgili gençler,
Geçen ay sorduğumuz problemin çözümüyle başlayalım:
Franz Palatz, 1930
Beyaz oynar, üç hamlede mat eder.
Çözüm:
1. Vd4! 2. Fc3! ve ardından 3. Vxg7 mat. Beyaz 1. Vd4 2. Fc3 hamle dizisiyle Zepler ikilemesini uyguluyor. Bu minyatür problem bütün basitliğine rağmen bir de tuzak içeriyor: 1. Ve5 2. Fc3 ve yine 3. Vxg7 engellenemez görünüyor. Oysa 1. Ve5? Şh7! 2. Fc3 Şh6! ve üçüncü hamlede mat yok. Doğru çözümdeyse beyaz 3. Vh4 hamlesi ile mat edebiliyor.
Şubat 2020 problemini Tuğra Özsoy, Furkan Yüzer ve Özgür Dinçer isimli okurlarımız doğru çözmüşler.
Gelelim bu ayın problemine:
Beyaz oynar, üç hamlede mat eder.
ABD’li Samuel Loyd’un (1840-1911) satranç kompozisyonu tarihinin en ünlü kurgucusu olduğunu söylemek abartı olmaz. Çocuk denecek yaşta problem kurmaya başlayan Loyd’un yapıtları, zekice kurgulanmaları, güç oluşları ve gülümseten tarzları ile öne çıkar. İnsanların satranç problemlerini ilgi çekici bulması ve sevmeye başlamasında büyük role sahiptir. Ayrıca kurduğu mantık ve matematik bilmeceleriyle kendisine matematik tarihinde de yer edinmiştir.
Problemin çözümü:
Beyazın tehdidinde 1. Fa8 ve 2. Vb7 hamleleri bir “ikileme” manevrası gibi görünse de filin vezire destek vermediğini görüyoruz. 1. Fa8 hamlesinin tek amacı vezirin a8-h1 çaprazı üzerinde hareket edebilmesini sağlamak, onun yolunu açmak. Buna “Loyd’un hat açma” (Loyd’s clearence) teması deniyor. Bu temada önce doğrusal hareketli bir taş, bir hat üzerinde (g2-a8 yönünde) hareket ederek kritik bir karenin (burada b7) ötesine geçer. İkinci aşamada, bir diğer doğrusal hareketli taş aynı hatta gelir ve bu hat üzerinde ters yönde (örneğimizde b7-h1 yönünde) bir hamle yaparak mat eder. Bu tema Bristol temasına benzese de farklıdır.
Aşağıdaki problemin çözümünüzü de size bırakıyoruz. Bir ay sonra görüşmek üzere...
A. Jaquot, 1934
Beyaz oynar, üç hamlede mat eder.
Çözümünüzü göndermek için tıklayın.Interrogato dai deputati sulle misure adottate dal Governo per ridurre al minimo le difficoltà per chi vive fuori dal Portogallo e per chi intende recarsi qui, il Segretario di Stato delle Comunità portoghesi ha elencato molte iniziative governative, come il Consolato virtuale, ma ha anche sollevato la questione dell'"accaparramento di posti".
Paulo Cafôfo ritiene che la "rivendicazione illegittima di posti" da parte di intermediari per la rivendita sia un "problema identificato".
Secondo Cafôfo, "nonostante gli sforzi compiuti per introdurre limitazioni, questo accaparramento continua a verificarsi". Tuttavia, ha rivelato che la piattaforma di appuntamenti e il suo staff ritengono che la piattaforma sia ora in un processo di trasformazione "per minimizzare l'impatto".
In risposta ai deputati sulle difficoltà dei consolati portoghesi, il Segretario di Stato ha affermato che fino alla fine dell'anno avrebbero dovuto assumere oltre 100 nuovi dipendenti, con soluzioni temporanee esistenti fino ad allora, come nel caso dell'Angola.
Qui, soprattutto a Luanda, una "priorità" del governo portoghese, c'è stato un "rafforzamento del personale", oltre a una task force assegnata grazie alla cooperazione intergovernativa.
"È un rafforzamento momentaneo per poter rispettare meglio le scadenze, dare risposte più rapide e fornire servizi in modo più efficiente", ha concluso Paulo Cafôfo.鼠羊一旦休，白马怕青牛，虎蛇刀相锉，龙兔泪常流，金鸡怕玉犬，猪猴不到头。
单看属相，狗和鼠没有问题。
如果是算八字，还得有出生的时辰才行。
姑且按前六字看，女的是壬戌、戊申、乙酉（阳水、阳土、阳土、阳金、阴木、阴金）；男的是甲子、丙子、丙子（阳木、阳水、阳火、阳水、阳火、阳水）。
八字中最重要的年地支和日天干、日地支。女的是阳土、阴木、阴金；男的是阳水、阳火、阳水。
年地支配年地支：阳土克阳水（如河坝挡江河），意为女的限制男的，也可以理解为管束、引导、服侍（没有河坝，江河就没有明确的流向了，就泛滥了）。从二位的年龄来看，女大三（差不多了）正是抱金砖，生活中女的照顾、管束、服侍男的应该是可以期待的。
日天干配日天干：阴木无法生阳火（烛光之火无法烧出荒原大火），意为女的并不能给男的最合适最得力的支持。但是支持还是有的，毕竟木生火。掌握的好也能星火燎原。推断应该是女方更多的给予精神上的鼓励和理解，或者生活上的支持；而不能给予最直接最关键的帮助，如帮男的直接搞定一些事、直接给男的物质支持（金钱、名利）、直接启发男的等。
日地支配日地支：阴金无法生阳水（金银珠宝无法化出江河之水），意思和上面一段类似。
总之，八字的主要几个字来看，你们应该是相配的，而且从年龄来看，也应该能印证一些：女的对男的会有管束、引导、服侍、理解、支持（但直接的支持可能较少，多半是创造一种有利于男方的环境）。
从六个字来看，男的阳太多，不是很好，女的有阴，正好能平衡。就是不知道后两字……
八字是很复杂的，我这里就是挑选主要的说说。建议不要弄太清楚，否则真的没什么太多意思了——“一切都是命，半点不由人”，你信么？另外，生、克
等等
八字里面的术语不要乱理解，生未必就是好、克未必就是不好。
祝你们幸福！
那就看他们两个是不是真心相爱了，如果他们是真心相爱的话，他们在一起就很般配，相信他们一定会幸福的，毕竟他们会好好珍惜对方
男甲子年生海中金命（1984）
女壬戌年生大海水命（1982）
金生水，在一起很合适的。
男金女水--水金夫妻坐高堂、钱财积聚喜洋洋、子女两个生端正、个个聪明学文章
狗+鼠
你们是逍遥自在、真挚相爱的一对。两个人都通情达理，待人友善，开朗大方，相互之间极少发生摩擦。如果你们还有着共同的兴趣和爱好，你们婚姻的前景将是非常美满的。由于双方都懂得给对方留出自由的空间与时间，保证大家在家庭中都享有充分的言论和行动的自由，所以你们的婚姻生活将会怡然平和。
狗先生善于抓住任何可以享受的机会，慢条斯理，精明圆滑。鼠太太真挚勤奋，以其细蜜的心思尽力避免着冲突的发生。
那就看你们自己了。真心相待。相敬如宾。
这个应该不一样，84年属鼠男的婚姻有好有不好的，啥事都没有决对的也没有一样的，我看到的属鼠男的婚姻还都挺好的，还是好的多。Fabrication of imprint stamp is a key issue of nanoimprint lithography. In this study, we attempt to fabricate the nickel imprint stamp using hot embossing lithography and electroforming processes. As small as 50 nm sized patterns of original silicon master were faithfully transferred to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film. By electroforming on hot embossed PVC film, nickel stamp, which has the same patterns of original silicon master stamp, was successfully fabricated.
Bibliographical noteFunding Information:
This research was supported by a Grant (M102KN01001) from the center for Nano-scale Mechatronics and Manufacturing, one of the 21st century Frontier Research Programs supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea.
- Hot embossing
- Nanoimprint lithography
- Nickel stamp
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films
- Electrical and Electronic EngineeringMicrobiological risk assessment aims at determining the likelihood and severity of biological agents harmful to the health of the consumer, such as bacteria, viruses or protozoa that spread through food. The risk factors affecting the spread and prevalence of the biological agents and the importance of the transmission routes on the magnitude of the risk, and the effect of different means of risk management are often assessed at the same time. The risk assessment comprises the formation of risk along the whole food production chain from the production of raw materials all the way to the exposure of the consumer. Often however, the assessment is targeted at one specific part of the chain, for example a part that is important for the decision-making.
Microbiological risk assessments are often carried out by assessing the magnitude of a risk caused by a specific biological hazard in a specific food item or food group. Assessments can also be carried out on a larger scale so that the magnitude of a risk caused by a specific biological hazard, to which the consumer is exposed from different sources, is assessed. The starting point of the risk assessment can also be the risk to the consumer caused by the possible presence of several biological hazards in a specific food item or food group.
With the help of information gained from risk assessment, monitoring and control systems and procedures in order to reduce the risk can be created, studied and developed.
Based on the risk assessment results from extensive research, it is possible for example to highlight and prioritise those levels and points in the production chain that are of highest significance for the formation of a risk and the risk management of which most efficiently reduces the risk to the consumer. In addition, based on risk assessments carried out using the same principles, different risks and the causes of the risks can be compared and assessed interrelatedly. Based on the results, the significance of different foodstuffs to the total risk can be assessed.
In order to develop risk based, comprehensive control and self-checking procedures we need risk assessments, with the help of which measurable intermediate goals can be set, such as for example limits, in order to achieve the jointly approved goals for food safety. Regional, productional, environmental and demographic differences that affect the development of a risk may be very large even within Europe, which is why the significance of national risk assessments will be important even in the future. Methods of risk assessment and mathematical models have been developed and are also being developed by way of international co-operation and are published with the results in scientific peer-reviewed publications. Completed methods and models can be utilised for new risk assessments if they include similar structures and information. Risk assessment methods are thus developed anticipatorily and are to be sufficiently universal and applicable also to future needs.根据《网络安全法》规定，账号需要绑定手机号才可以使
用评论、发帖、打赏。
请及时绑定，以保证产品功能顺畅使用。
古典赛五缺一 吉尔伯特退役前剑指米兰-圣雷莫
古典赛名将吉尔伯特（乐透-速的奥）将于本赛季结束后退役，这名比利时车手赢得过两场环伦巴第（2009，2010）、一场列日-巴斯通-列日（2011）、一场环弗兰德斯（2017）和一场巴黎-鲁贝（2019），却迟迟没有赢过米兰-圣雷莫。随着二十年职业生涯进入尾声，39岁的吉尔伯特决定再冲一把，向着五大古典赛大满贯发起挑战。
“我将努力争取在米兰-圣雷莫失去的胜利，因为我知道这场胜利有多么特别。”吉尔伯特说，“这将打开我职业生涯的格局。但是，我也不会只盯着这场比赛，我知道在那里取胜有多艰难。”
“我很有动力以一种积极的方式结束我的职业生涯，能够再次参加所有让我有着很多美好时刻的比赛真的很棒。看到车队里的每个人都在努力奋斗，我想我们会有一个非常棒的春季赛。”
值得一提的是，两届米兰-圣雷莫亚军（2018、2021）得主，吉尔伯特的队友尤安也将参加今年的比赛。尤安表示：“我之前两个第二名的成绩证明我可以在米兰-圣雷莫取得很大的进步，车队帮助我在这个冬天做好了充分的准备，我相信我们今年能再次带来出色的表现。”
责任编辑：CCCi eravamo chiesti pochi giorni fa come mai negli states non fosse ancora uscito il terminale che, secondo gli standard, avrebbe dovuto essere lanciato prima in USA e poi nel resto del mondo, ed ecco arrivata la pronta risposta.
Google, nel post, fa riferimento anche agli altri paesi che riceveranno il Galaxy Nexus a breve elencando: Australia, France, Russia, India, Taiwan, Hong Kong, e tutto il resto del mondo.Yeşildere mahallesi 5419 sokakta oturmaktayım. sokağımız oldukça dar, Kadifekale istikametinden gelen bütün araçlar bu sokağı kullanarak ana yola çıkmaktadır. Her gün burada oturan insanlar bir aracın altında kalma riski ile karşı karşıyadır. Özellikle yaşlılar ve çocuklar. Olumlu bir kaza oluşmadan araç trafiğine uygun olmayan bu sokak yerine ivedilikle daha uygun bir güzergah belirlenmesini saygılarımla arz ederim.My plant is dying, what can I do?
You will never drown a plant within the first week after you’ve planted it. However, the vast majority of plants that die within the first year of planting have been victims to over-watering (especially when lawn irrigation is involved). If the soil feels overly wet, rake back the mulch and aerate the soil to promote drying. Once the soil has become dry, incorporate a watering program, which will allow the soil to dry out between watering.
If moisture is not the problem and bare root plants are involved, heavier pruning is warranted to help stimulate some new growth and hopefully remedy the
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فقط سه یا چهار بند آن مربوط به محیطزیست است، از دیگر دستگاه های اجرایی خواست مشارکت لازم را برای داشتن محیط زندگی سالمتر داشته باشند.
وی با اشاره به اندک بودن نیروی انسانی محیطزیست برای نظارت شبانه روزی بر قریب به یک هزار مرکز تولیدی، صنعتی و معدنی در استان، گفت: البته این اداره کل برای نظارت بیشتر بر آلایندگی صنایع برای اولین بار در کشور اقدام به راه اندازی مرکز پایش زیستمحیطی با نصب دوربینهای نظارتی در محور عقدا – مهریز کرده است، ضمن این که در اذرماه سال گذشته با پیگیری و حمایت مسئولان و نماینده استان در مجلس، بارگذاری صنایع آلاینده در این محور ممنوع اعلام شد.
میرزاده با بیان این که هیچ واحد صنعتی آلایندهای از چشم محیطزیست استان دور نیست، گفت: این کنترل شبانه روزی باعث شد که واحدهایی مانند کارخانههای کاشی و فولاد نیز شب هنگام فیلترهای هوای خود را غیرفعال نکنند.
وی به اقدامات صورت گرفته در زمینه اطلاعرسانی و کاهش آلودگی در استان نیز اشاره و عنوان کرد: اطلاعرسانی خوبی در این زمینه صورت گرفته و در سطح شهرها نیز تابلوهای نمایش آلودگی هوا نصب شده و تقریباً همه افراد از طریق انها متوجه وضعیت آلودگی هوای شهر خود میشوند.
به گفته وی، براساس ماده ۱۶ قانون هوای پاک، واحدهای صنعتی ملزم به داشتن مسئول زیست محیطی شدهاند تا در تمام ساعات فعالیت واحد نسبت به رصد و کترل آلایندههای واحد اقدام کنند.
معاون فنی محیط زیست استان در پایان نیز از انجام طرح «سیاهه انتشار» جهت سنجش دقیق میزان آلودگی هوا در محور مهریز – عقدا خبر داد و گفت: مطالعه این طرح که در کلانهشهرهای کشور در حال اجراست، در استان یزد نیز از اردیبهشت امسال شروع شده و تا دو سال به طول خواهد انجامید که با اجرای آن میتوان سهم هر کدام از منابع آلاینده در این منطقه را مشخص کرد.
منبع:ایسنا یزدcreated July 14, 2004 · complexity intermediate · author Wouter Bolsterlee · version 6.0
If you regularly switch to a larger or smaller font, for example because someone looking at your code thinks the letters are too small, or because you want to lay back in your chair while reading, this tip is for you.
The following script defines two commands, :LargerFont and :SmallerFont, to allow quick adjustments to the font size used in the gtk2 gui. Change minfontsize and maxfontsize to suit your needs. See below for alternative solutions.
To use this script, put the following code into ~/.vim/plugin/gtk2fontsize.vim or in your vimrc.
let s:pattern = '^\(.* \)\([1-9][0-9]*\)$' let s:minfontsize = 6 let s:maxfontsize = 16 function! AdjustFontSize(amount) if has("gui_gtk2") && has("gui_running") let fontname = substitute(&guifont, s:pattern, '\1', '') let cursize = substitute(&guifont, s:pattern, '\2', '') let newsize = cursize + a:amount if (newsize >= s:minfontsize) && (newsize <= s:maxfontsize) let newfont = fontname . newsize let &guifont = newfont endif else echoerr "You need to run the GTK2 version of Vim to use this function." endif endfunction function! LargerFont() call AdjustFontSize(1) endfunction command! LargerFont call LargerFont() function! SmallerFont() call AdjustFontSize(-1) endfunction command! SmallerFont call SmallerFont()
As an alternative, you could use one of these plugins which work with fonts on Unix and Windows systems:
- script#202 quickfonts.vim : quickly switch between a list of favorite fonts, manage list of favorite fonts
- script#593 guifont++.vim : Vim plugin for quickly changing GUI font size
Another alternative is to use the following mappings which use a clever substitute (no functions are required). This example works using gvim under Windows, where the command :set guifont? would show the font name and :h12 if the font size is 12 points, for example.
nnoremap <C-Up> :silent! let &guifont = substitute( \ &guifont, \ ':h\zs\d\+', \ '\=eval(submatch(0)+1)', \ '')<CR> nnoremap <C-Down> :silent! let &guifont = substitute( \ &guifont, \ ':h\zs\d\+', \ '\=eval(submatch(0)-1)', \ '')<CR>
For example, the command :echo &guifont might show Bitstream_Vera_Sans_Mono:h12:b:cANSI.
The substitute pattern :h\zs\d\+ looks for :h followed by a number (one or more digits). The \zs marks the start of what is found (so it skips the :h).
The replacement string \=eval(submatch(0)+1) uses:
- Following is an expression to be evaluated.
- The text that matched (this example finds 12 with \d\+).
- Evaluate the following string (12+1).ekmek
süt mü ayran mı
KOMEDI ve MIZAH Katagorisinde ve Muthis Geyikler Forumunda Bulunan O mu Bu mu ? Konusunu Görüntülemektesiniz.=>...
ekmek
süt mü ayran mı
ekmek
yürümek mi koşmak mı
kosmak..
elelemi kolkolami
elele...
a virüsümü h1n1 mii
aman bu aralar virusler tüm herkesten uzak dursun
sag mı sol muBody of Knowledge
Sometimes, ontology is defined as a body of knowledge describing some domain, typically a common sense knowledge domain, using a representation vocabulary as described above. In this case, an ontology is not only the vocabulary, but the whole ``upper'' knowledge base (including the vocabulary that is used to describe this knowledge base).
The typical example is the project CYC that defines its knowledge base as an ontology for any other knowledge based system. CYC is the name of a very large, multi-contextual knowledge base and inference engine. CYC is an early attempt to do symbolic AI on a massive scale by capturing common knowledge that is required to do tasks that are trivial for people, but very hard for computers. All of the knowledge in CYC is represented declaratively in the form of logical assertions. CYC contains over 400,000 significant assertions, which include simple statements of facts, rules about what conclusions to draw if certain statements of facts are satisfied, and rules about how to reason with certain types of facts and rules. New conclusions are derived by the inference engine using deductive reasoning. The CYC common sense knowledge can be used as a foundation of a knowledge base for any knowledge intensive system. In this sense, this body of knowledge can be viewed as an ontology of the knowledge base of the system.
Generally speaking, it is not possible to objectively distinguish what should be in ontology and what should be in knowledge base. It depends on the requirements of intended usage of the ontology. That is why the CYC view of ontology is not incompatible with the Gruber's definition, even when it may contain facts that one would classify as representing state of affairs.Camerron Activ Spaces has announced Scratch workshop.
Scratch is a visual programming language that enables students to create interactive stories, animations, games, music, and art—and share their creations on the web.It developed by the MIT Media Lab, with financial support from the National Science Foundation, Microsoft, Intel Foundation, MacArthur Foundation, Google, Iomega and MIT Media Lab research consortia. The language will be used to introduce participants to introductory computer programming concepts.
What: Scratch Project Workshops
When: June 29-July 1, 2011 in Buea, July 20-July 22, 2011 in Yaoundé
Languages: English and French
For more about Scratch, visit MIT Scratch site.
Scratch is an educational programming language that allows people of any experience, background and age to experiment with the concepts of fully versatile computer programming by snapping together visual programming blocks to control images, music and sound. It is developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten group at the MIT Media Lab by a team led by Mitchel Resnick and first appeared in the summer of 2007. Scratch can be installed and freely redistributed on any Windows, Mac OS X or Linux computer. The source code is made available under a license that allows modifications for non-commercial uses.The below information was taken directly from the USDA’s The Big Thaw — Safe Defrosting Methods for Consumers document, and edited/modified by SFRAW to be relevant and useful for raw feeders.
Uh, oh! You’re home and forgot to thaw something for dinner. You grab a package of meat or chicken and use hot water to thaw it fast. But is this safe? What if you remembered to take food out of the freezer, but forgot and left the package on the counter all day while you were at work?
Neither of these situations is considered safe, and these methods of thawing may lead to foodborne illness. Raw or cooked meat, poultry or egg products, as any perishable foods, must be kept at a safe temperature during “the big thaw.” They are safe indefinitely while frozen. However, as soon as they begin to thaw and become warmer than 40 °F, bacteria that may have been present before freezing can begin to multiply.
Perishable foods should never be thawed on the counter, or in hot water and must not be left at room temperature for more than two hours.
Even though the center of the package may still be frozen as it thaws on the counter, the outer layer of the food could be in the “Danger Zone,” between 40 and 140 °F — temperatures where bacteria multiply rapidly.
When thawing frozen food, it’s best to plan ahead and thaw in the refrigerator where it will remain at a safe, constant temperature — at 40 °F or below.
There are two SFRAW-recommended safe ways to thaw food: in the refrigerator or in cold water.
Refrigerator Thawing (for everyday feeding)
Cold Water Thawing (the only SFRAW approved quick way to defrost in urgent situations)
Note: Microwave Thawing is never recommended by SFRAW
Planning ahead is the key to this method because of the lengthy time involved. A large frozen item like a turkey requires at least a day (24 hours) for every 5 pounds of weight. Even small amounts of frozen food — such as a pound of ground meat or boneless chicken breasts — require a full day to thaw. When thawing foods in the refrigerator, there are variables to take into account. Some areas of the appliance may keep food colder than other areas. Food will take longer to thaw in a refrigerator set at 35 °F than one set at 40 °F.
Our suggestion on how to store and manage your pet’s frozen meals for easy and safe feeding:
We suggest using a seperate bin or bowl that will prevent leaks from occurring to defrost your pet’s food in. We suggest maintaining three day’s worth of meals in your refrigerator for your pet, ongoing:
1) a day’s worth of food which is fully defrosted and that you are currently feeding;
2) a day’s worth of food that is ready to feed the next day/partially defrosted;
3) a day’s worth of food that you just pulled from the freezer/fully frozen and just starting to defrost.
Simply pull a meal from the freezer every time you finish feeding a currently using/fully defrosted meal, so you always have three days worth of food in various states of defrosting and ready to go without having to scramble.
IMPORTANT: After you defrost any frozen raw foods you have 2 days to feed this to your pet. When defrosting large bags or cases of things to pack-up into meals at home, you can safely re-freeze after portioning out these foods for future meals, but you should get it back into the freezer within one day of defrosting these ingredients.
TIP: If you forget to defrost a meal, and have an urgent situation due to your adorable hungry-hungry-hippo nipping at your heals or giving you that, “I’m starving!” look, here are some suggestions on how to handle:
1) Fasting opportunity! Healthy adult dogs can safely fast, with just access to clean water, for up to three days. Dogs that fast generally experience an improvement in their overall health; seizing the opportunity to work in a day of fasting here and there will prove beneficial for your dog! Cats that are overweight should never be fasted due to the possible risk of Feline Hepatic Lipidosis. However, healthy, svelte adult kitties may be safely fasted for up to 24-hours, generally, with a rather beneficial outcome and imporvement in their overall energy, digestion, and health.
Indeed, many people intentionally schedule in regular weekly fasting days as part of their feeding schedule – some people even feed according to a method called, “fast and gorge” — which is not for everyone but it is a perfectly fine way to feed your raw fed dog.
The benefits of fasting are well documented and fasting is an excellent “reboot”, recovery, and effective appetite reset for your animal’s system, and even a time-honored and very well proven natural method for healing during illness. Instead of food, spend extra time engaging with your pet doing favorite activities such as grooming, training, snuggling, playing, sunbathing, spending time in nature, or going for relaxing hikes/walks.
2) The incredible edible egg to the rescue! Either raw or cooked, and egg or two makes for a nice quick and easy meal. Drizzle with a tiny bit of healthy fat, if you’d like: a bit of pastured unsalted butter or ghee, coconut oil, pastured lard and a sprinkling of fresh or dried culinary herbs (if you want, totally optional!) makes for a delicious, nutrient dense meal. Eggs are a real saving grace for many people when nothing has been defrosted or the cupboard is bare. Truly pastured eggs have a ridiculously long shelf life, and are a great little meal in a pinch. Yes, you can feed the shell, too. Just realize that the shell is not an adequate source of calcium, unless it has been properly dried and pulverized. In its raw form, eggshells are safe and perfectly edible, but will pass through mostly undigested.
3) Fast fish meals! Individually frozen whole sardines, mackerel, anchovies, mussels, oysters or these species of canned seafood in water, olive oil, or even tomato (as a special treat). These foods make an easy quick meal for your dog (we do not suggest feeding seafood to cats). Just don’t overdo it — these are healthy, but somewhat rich, offerings. If your dog is not accustomed to eating whole fish or a meal of fish, it is best to start slowly with a small amount. Vomited fish or seafood is — as you can imagine — really gross to clean up/deal with! To avoid this smelly catastrophe, we suggest offering a small amount to see how they do first with fish fed alone as a meal. You can even divide it up into a few meals for the day until you get something defrosted.
4) Plain yogurt, raw goat milk, goat milk kefir or goat milk whey. These functional foods are kept in your refigerator for days/weeks and are totally fine to feed alone as a snack or even as a meal, in a pinch. You can find raw goat milk whey in a powdered format that can be rehydrated and served as a meal/snack.
Alternatively, (optional, not necessary) you may choose to add some extras to the raw dairy meal. For example, sprinkle a bit of organic cinnimon, add a touch of organic blackstrap molasses, a little drizzle of raw local honey, whip in a pastured egg yolk, organic turmeric powder/black pepper, organic slippery elm bark powder (for a boost in nutrients) or a bit of powdered organic ginger. Your animal will enjoy the benefits of the probiotics and enzymes found in raw milk. Yogurt, whey, and kefir all are protien rich foods. This is a great choice for any animal when you are out of food or forgot to defrost — they are also wonderful to add to any meal as part of the regular routine/menu.
5) Bone broth. This can be heated up and served warm to your pet any time. Bone broth makes for a nourishing, light, healing meal. If you have it in your freezer, you can quickly and easily heat it up from its frozen state and have a meal or nutritional snack in a few minutes for your animal. Just be sure you use a home-made broth or prepared broth that is suitable for dogs and cats — that means no onion and low-salt or salt-free.
After thawing in the refrigerator, items such as ground meat, stew meat, poultry, seafood, should remain safe and good quality for an additional day or two before using; red meat cuts (such as beef, pork or lamb roasts, chops and steaks) up to 3 days. Be aware that all bone-in cuts “go bad” far more quickly than boneless meats. For this reason, we mantain our standard reccomendation to “feed within 2-days” for all defrosted foods being fed raw to your dogs and cats.
Food thawed in the refrigerator can be refrozen without any issued for safety, although there may be some loss of quality when it comes to taste/texture after defrosted the second time around (depending on the freshness and handling of the original product).
TIP: The liquid and blood that pools up and leaks off your defrosted raw foods is source of water-soluble nutrients including TAURINE — an essential and necessary amino-acid for cats. We suggest allowing your animals to drink/lick this defrosted liquid, or to mix this liquid in with their meals so they are not missing out on these nutrients lost during defrosting.
QUICK METHOD: Cold Water Thawing
This method is faster than refrigerator thawing but requires more attention. The food must be in a leak-proof package or plastic bag. If the bag leaks, bacteria from the air or surrounding environment could be introduced into the food. Also, the meat tissue may absorb water, resulting in a watery product. The bag should be submerged in cold tap water, changing the water every 30 minutes so it continues to thaw is ideal and recommended by the USDA/FDA. For our pets, we feel ok with allowing it to defrost in cold water until ready to feed (a few hours or even overnight) *when the ambient temperature is low. If you are doing this during a heat wave, yes, please do change the water every 30-minutes. The idea is that the water needs to stay cool/cold – so check it often and decide if you need to refresh the cold water or not. Usually, living in San Francisco, we are able
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to pay the interest on the borrowed capital, but that even this borrowed capital is wholly or partially lost.
Borrowed capital is, likewise, capable of division under two heads, corresponding to the manner in which it is employed. It is either invested in particular undertakings, being sometimes more or less realisable and sometimes fixed, or it is loaned to governments and absolutely realisable at will. Such loans are assured by the borrower, no less than those borrowed by particular industries. Their material guarantee is such part of the national income as is collected from imposts, and this may, in the last resort, be equal to the nett annual production of the national activities—granted always that the people are willing to bear this crushing burden. Its moral guarantee is the rectitude of the governments concerned and their promptitude in meeting engagements. The guarantee of the English National Debt, for example, may be called absolute, and the rate of interest in that country may be said to have fallen to the actual minimum of remuneration, with no allowance for assurance against risks. Other countries pay interest at higher rates, which vary more or less according to this risk-assurance.
If the deprivation, which constitutes the first element in the necessary remuneration of capital, is disappearing, thanks to progressive extension of the degree in which capital is realisable, we have seen that risks, and the premium of assurance against them, are by no means following in the same direction. This premium, which includes the assurer's necessary profit, will finally constitute the sole costs of obtaining the use of capital. The rate will fall as each advance—resulting from competition and imposed by the pressure of that principle—diminishes the general and particular risks of industry. Nor is it purely Utopian to dream of a time when these risks will be so reduced that the cost of obtaining capital will be practically nil, or certainly limited to the minimum rate necessary to induce a man to lend his money rather than retain it unemployed—and such idleness, it must be remembered, involves liability for the cost of storage.
But the cost of production is only an imaginary point round which competition groups the price-current and price-actual of a product or a service. To make the price-current coincide with the costs of production, with, properly speaking, the natural or necessary price, competition must be absolutely free, and capital must be able to move, without fear of either natural or artificial obstacles, to any part of the immense world's market where the demand is greatest and the supply least. Moreover, there must be complete, or the best obtainable, knowledge of the varying needs of this market. Considerable progress has been made in these respects during the last century, and this progress will continue more and more rapidly as production accumulates in the hands of associations with realisable capital. The modern Stock Exchange List informs capitalists of the current values of most realisable securities. Foreign values are still fenced with limitations issuing from the old spirit of monopoly; but such hindrances must disappear, or become less effective, as the investing agencies—the Banks—multiply, and obtain greater liberty and more power. Nor is the time so far distant when the universal money market will be an open book, and obstacles to the circulation of capital be removed by improved communications, and the cessation of protectionist regulations. An equilibrium will then be established between the supply of, and the demand for, capital, at the minimum rate of returns—a rate little above zero.
Return to top伊恩?克纳认为，性爱机器人将满足普通夫妻的某些性幻想——由于尴尬感或嫉妒心理的存在，这些性幻想无法从真实的人类身上获得。图中是“真实伴侣”公司（True Companion）设计的性爱机器人Roxxxy。 与许多已经取代人力的新技术一样，机器人也可能在爱情上超过人类，成为更好的伴侣，因为它们是可以编码的，能够满足个体用户的不同需求。 尼尔?斯雷特福特（Neal Slateford）是网上性玩具零售商Lovehoney的合作创始人之一，他认为性爱机器人将成为未来的主流。
新浪科技讯 北京时间12月5日消息，据国外媒体报道，如果你以为性爱机器人是为孤独或绝望的人士设计的，那就大错特错了。一位“性学专家”宣称，性爱机器人或许能够给普通的两性关系带来新的火花。身为顾问的伊恩?克纳（Ian Kerner）认为，性爱机器人将满足夫妻的某些性幻想——由于尴尬感或嫉妒心理的存在，这些性幻想无法从真实的人类身上获得。
伊恩?克纳居住在纽约，是美国有线新闻网（CNN）的撰稿人。他表示，许多人可以从性爱机器人的发展中受益。“性爱机器人和相关产品的假想应用——属于所谓‘技术性欲’领域的一部分——似乎是无穷无尽的，”他说，“可以想见，人们会用它们来满足性幻想，比如三人性爱，他们在与真人进行三人性爱时可能会感到不适。”
伊恩?克纳还认为，性爱机器人还可能帮助夫妻解决一些可能导致他们离婚的分歧。“如果一个人性欲较强，那他或她就可以通过机器人获得性生活的满足，而不必去出轨，”他说，“而且，机器人或许能帮助夫妻从常规的性生活中解脱出来，给他们的关系加入调料，或者帮助他们维持长距离的浪漫。”
2016年9月，一位机器人专家警告称，机器人性爱可能会让人上瘾，甚至有朝一日会完全取代人与人的真实性爱。与许多已经取代人力的新技术一样，机器人也可能在爱情上超过人类，成为更好的伴侣，因为它们是可以编码的，能够满足个体用户的不同需求。
美国爱荷华州柯克伍德学院的机器人专家乔尔?斯奈尔（Joel Snell）在接受媒体采访时说：“机器性爱可能会让人上瘾。性爱机器人随时能够找到，而且从来不会拒绝，因此上瘾也很容易满足。人们会调整他们的生活方式，以适应这种上瘾。”
今年12月，第二届“机器人性爱国际会议”将在伦敦大学金匠学院举行，主要关注的是“远程性爱”和相关的电子硬件。此前，这一国际会议被马来西亚政府认为太过极端而禁止举行，后来改由伦敦大学金匠学院举办，时间是12月19日和20日。此次国际会议向所有人开放，据悉全额注册费为200英镑，学生的注册费为125英镑。
今年国际会议的议题相当多样，包括人形机器人和远程性爱——虚拟的性爱玩具，以及智能的电子性爱硬件。伦敦大学金匠学院在声明中称：“在人与计算机互动和人与机器人互动等领域，过去几年中可以看到一个很强烈的趋势，人们越来越关注人类与这些人工伴侣相互关系中更加个人的方面。”
性爱机器人的花费
尼尔?斯雷特福特（Neal Slateford）是网上性玩具零售商Lovehoney的合作创始人之一，他认为性爱机器人将成为未来的主流。
“这项技术一直在发展，他们早期开发的性爱机器人依然超出大多数人可以承受的价格范围——需要花大约6000英镑，”尼尔说，“价格最终会不可避免地下降，我们的设想是在大约三年内向大众市场销售机器人玩具。它们将是真正出色的产品——让我们面对现实吧，这是与伴侣进行三人性爱而不会走向离婚法庭的最安全方式。”
位于美国旧金山的RealDoll公司目前销售的仿真性玩偶价格为5000美元一组。不久前，该公司推出了一个新的项目，试图借助人工智能开发出具有定制个性的性爱机器人。这种机器人可以和主人以浪漫的方式交谈，同时具有多种娱乐功能。（任天）Tags:满足 性爱 爱机 机器 机器人 能促进 促进 夫妻 和谐 某些 性幻想 幻想aspirate(redirected from aspirating)
Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia.
tr.v. as·pi·rat·ed, as·pi·rat·ing, as·pi·rates
a. To pronounce (a vowel or word) with the initial release of breath associated with English h, as in hurry.
b. To follow (a consonant, especially a stop consonant) with a puff of breath that is clearly audible before the next sound begins, as in English pit or kit.
2. To draw (liquid or a foreign object, for example) into the respiratory tract when taking a breath.
a. To remove (a liquid or gas) from the body by aspiration.
b. To suction (a body part or growth, for example) for the removal of a liquid or gas.
a. The speech sound represented by English h.
b. The puff of air accompanying the release of a stop consonant.
c. A speech sound followed by a puff of breath.
2. Medicine Matter removed by aspiration.
[Latin aspīrāre, aspīrāt-, to breathe on : ad-, ad- + spīrāre, to breathe.]
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
1. (Phonetics & Phonology) phonetics
a. to articulate (a stop) with some force, so that breath escapes with audible friction as the stop is released
b. to pronounce (a word or syllable) with an initial h
2. (Medicine) to draw in or remove by inhalation or suction, esp to suck (air or fluid) from a body cavity or to inhale (fluid) into the lungs after vomiting
3. (Automotive Engineering) to supply air to (an internal-combustion engine)
(Phonetics & Phonology) phonetics
a. a stop pronounced with an audible release of breath
b. the glottal fricative represented in English and several other languages as h
(Phonetics & Phonology) phonetics (of a stop) pronounced with a forceful and audible expulsion of breath
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014
as•pi•rate(v. ˈæs pəˌreɪt; n., adj., -pər ɪt)
v. -rat•ed, -rat•ing,
n., adj. v.t.
a. to articulate (a speech sound, esp. a stop) so as to produce an audible puff of breath, as in the first t of total.
b. to articulate (the beginning of a word or syllable) with an h-sound.
a. to remove (a fluid) from a body cavity by aspiration.
b. to inhale (fluid or a foreign body).
3. to draw or remove by suction.n.
4. a speech sound produced with an audible puff of breath, as initial stop consonants in English or initial h-sounds.
5. the substance or contents inhaled in aspiration.adj.
6. (of a speech sound) pronounced with or accompanied by aspiration; aspirated.
[1660–70; < Latin aspīrātus, past participle of aspīrāre. See aspire]
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.
To remove a liquid or gas from a body cavity by suction. aspirate the lungs.
The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Past participle: aspirated
Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011
Switch to new thesaurus
|Noun||1.||aspirate - a consonant pronounced with aspiration|
consonant - a speech sound that is not a vowel
|Verb||1.||aspirate - remove as if by suction; "aspirate the wound"|
remove, take away, withdraw, take - remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; "remove a threat"; "remove a wrapper"; "Remove the dirty dishes from the table"; "take the gun from your pocket"; "This machine withdraws heat from the environment"
|2.||aspirate - pronounce with aspiration; of stop sounds|
|3.||aspirate - suck in (air)|
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.
A. [ˈæspərɪt] ADJ → aspirado
B. [ˈæspərɪt] N → aspirada f
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005
Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007
Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995
English-Spanish Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012
aspiratevt (to inhale) aspirar; (to remove fluid with a syringe) aspirar, sacar líquido con una jeringa
English-Spanish/Spanish-English Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.- کدخبر: 941911
- منبع: irna.ir
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وی افزود: کمیته اقتصادی اربعین با رویکرد اقتصادی کردن اربعین و عتبات همچنین فراهم کردن امکانات مناسب برای زائران تشکیل شده که به چکش کاری بیشتری نیاز دارد.
وی یادآور شد: موضوع تکمیل زیرساخت ها باید در کنار دیگر فعالیت ها در اولویت کاری دستگاه های اجرایی باشد و با تدوین سند جامع اربعین با نگاه بلند مدت برنامه های مناسبی را دسته بندی و اجرا کرد.
درویشی با بیان اینکه طی سال های گذشته اقدامات خوبی در راستای تکمیل زیرساخت های مسیر اربعین به سرانجام رسیده، گفت: باید تمام تلاش خود را برای اقتصادی کردن اربعین وایجاد ثروت در استان به کار گیریم و در کنار آن رفاه و امکانات لازم نیز برای زائران مهیا شود.
وی تاکید کرد: بخش های مختلف اقتصادی و خدمات رسانی باید با فعال شدن بخش خصوصی در این عرصه نقش آفرینی کنند و با جذب سرمایه گذار و تثبیت آن باعث رونق اقتصادی در استان شوند.
وی با بیان اینکه اربعین بهترین فرصت برای جذب سرمایه در استان است، گفت: موضوع تکمیل زیرساختها باید در کنار دیگر فعالیتها در اولویت کاری دستگاه های اجرایی باشد و تلاش خود را برای ارتقای هماهنگی و تقویت نقاط قوت، کاهش نقاط ضعف و آسیب پذیر بکار گیرند.
درویشی تاکید کرد: باید به این فرصت ها به عنوان یک فرصت طلایی نگاه کرد و بسترهایی که تاکنون نسبت به آن غافل بوده ایم را مورد توجه قرار دهیم.
درویشی با بیان اینکه هیچ دستگاهی ملزم به برپایی موکب در ایام اربعین نیست، افزود: هیچ دستگاهی حق استفاده ازمنابع دولتی ادارات برپایی موکب های اربعین را ندارد اما باید بجای موکب زدن وظیفه خود را در این راستا به بهترین شکل ایفا کند.
7180/6034注意！后视镜在看着你 后视镜 摄像头 ADAS 在日常生活中，汽车的功能越来越像遥控器。 这些功能分布在汽车各处，从嵌入电子钥匙的驾驶员资料，到遮阳板上的车库门开启器，再到通过汽车信息娱乐系统的Alexa控制智能设备。 镜面显示器制造商Gentex希望将一组功能集成在后视镜上，通过带有生物识别器的显示器来实现。 如果你在过去几十年里开过车，你就和Gentex公司打过交道。在Gentex的其他产品中，他们发明了自动调光的后视镜和侧视镜，这些设备每年的出货量约为4000万个。 Gentex的市场总监克雷格·皮尔斯玛（Crai 2021-09-11 1.9K"Hélène Frohard-Dourlent, University of British Columbia
This entry is part of the CFHSS’s VP Equity Issues series on issues related to LGBTQI2-S (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, questioning, intersex and Two-Spirited) peoples.
If there was any doubt that getting through high school is still difficult for queer and trans youth in Canada, Jamie Hubley’s decision to end his life last week in Ottawa is a painful reminder of that fact. Hubley’s suicide prompts us to reflect on the work that still needs to be done to make Canadian schools safe learning environments for all youth. This is hardly news to educators, activists and researchers who work with queer and trans youth. Many previous contributors to this blog series – including Malinda Smith, Rebecca Haskell, Kris Wells, and Brian Burtch – have commented on the prevalence and significance of experiences of homophobia in the lives of queer and trans youth in North America.
These contributions also remind us that schools, unfortunately, remain a privileged site for the expression of homophobic and transphobic violence. Quick snapshot of the situation in Canada: the recent report published by Egale Canada under the direction of University of Winnipeg’s Catherine Taylor, “Every class and every school,” revealed that less than 5 percent of queer and trans youth never hear insulting comments about sexual orientation; that trans youth are almost three times as likely (and queer students more than twice as likely) to be verbally harassed about their gender expression than heterosexual youth; and two thirds of queer and trans students (as well as the same percentage of youth with queer and trans parents) feel unsafe at school.
The picture, however, is not all negative. In many places, educators, activists and scholars have worked hard to promote anti-homophobia education and bring positive change to school cultures. There are incredible community organizations doing work in schools, such as T.E
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while running H2O is quantified in elephants per second, but have you ever wondered just what is the official standard for large bodies of ice?
Well wonder no more, because ScienceDaily has the answer. According to this report on Antarctic icebergs created by the Tohoku Tsunami earlier this year, waves from the Pacific earthquake swept 8,000 miles to the Sulzberger Ice Shelf and dislodged chunks of ice "that together equalled about two times the surface area of Manhattan".
The report elaborates that satellite images revealed "two moderate-sized icebergs – with more, smaller bergs in their wake".
It adds: "The largest iceberg was about four by six miles [6.4 x 9.6km] in surface area – itself about equal to the surface area of one Manhattan. All the ice surface together about equaled two Manhattans."
So there you have it. Of course, we could protest and demand ScienceDaily deploy the traditional MilliWales to measure the bergs' surface, but we do like the idea of Manhattans and ice. ®许巍演唱会的胡子老外鼓手是谁？
殿堂级鼓手——来自苏格兰的Geoff Dougmore（杰夫 道格莫）杰夫此前虽从未来过中国，但与北京有缘的是曾参与录制了Jimmy Page（吉米 佩奇） 和Leona Lewis（丽安娜 刘易斯）联手为2008年北京奥运会闭幕式翻唱的齐柏林飞船乐队的经典歌曲《Whole Lotta Love》。此次受邀加盟许巍巡演，杰夫表示非常期待与中国音乐家的合作，及与中国乐迷的首次亲密接触！杰夫1960年出生于格拉斯哥，10岁时因为甲壳虫乐队的《Let It Be》专辑爱上打鼓，年仅13岁便开始闯荡唱片工业。在他近40年漫长的职业音乐人生涯里，与众多国际知名歌手和乐队合作录制过二百余张唱片，包括众星向戴安娜王妃致敬的合辑在内，共有超过50张成为冠军唱片。合作录制唱片的顶级音乐人有：Tina Turner，Robbie Williams，Dido，Mika等。
许巍演唱会里的那个鼓手是谁？
是的是鼓仨儿（张永光）崔健的鼓手
许巍演唱会的胡子老外鼓手是谁？
主音吉他手李延亮（中国第一吉他手）、贝斯手李剑、键盘手栾树（原黑豹乐队主键盘）、马上又（著名音乐制作人）、鼓手张永光（鼓三儿-国内最优秀的鼓手之一）、Funky（日本鼓王末吉觉）、打击乐手刘效松（前辈级人物，曾先后参与国内各大型摇滚演唱会的现场伴奏）、笛子演奏陈悦（音乐家，十二岁成名，南派笛子大师赵松庭先生的关门弟子）等。9 Mart 2013 Cumartesi
OIL AND HONEY by Bill McKibben
Degerli Yayincilarimiz;
Times KitaplarıdanKasım 2013 yılında yayınlayanacak OIL AND HONEY by Bill McKibben adlı eserinin ms'sini sizlerle paylaşmaktan memnunum.
Bill McKibben'i elleri kelepçelenip, Washington, DC şehir hapishanesinde bulmak için beklediğiniz bir kişi değildir. Ama o Keystone XL boru hattını protesto gösterisiyle otuz yıl içindeki en büyük sivil itaatsizlik lideri olduktan sonra, 2011 yazının üç gününü cezaevinde geçirdi. . Birkaç ay sonra protestocular Başkan Obama'nın projeyi askıya almasıyla çabalarının boşa gitmediğini görecekti.
McKibben bu küçük ve geçici zaferinin iyi bir atlama taşı olacağını henüz fark etti. Arktik erime, Ortadoğudaki kuraklık , ve Sandy'nin Atlantiği silip süpürmesiyle, çok daha derin çözümlere ihtiyaç olacağı en başından beri belliydi. Bunlardan bazıları yerel düzeyde yapıldı. McKibben yerel gıdalara doğru artan eğilimin bir parçası olarak bir arıcılık şirketinde geçirdiği bir yılı anlatıyor. Diğer çözümler arasındaysa fosil yakıt endüstrisine karşı çok daha büyük bir mücadele gerekiyordu. Oil and Honey (Petrol ve Bal) küresel ısınmaya karşı mücadele Bill McKibben'in bu gerekli ve birbirini güçlendiren ikiliye karşı mücadelesini anlatıyor. Karakteristik empati ve tutku ile bir yıllık bal üreticiliğinin ve hala zirvedeki önemini koruyan toplumsal bir hareketin inşasının hikayesini anlatıyor. McKibben geçimini sağlamak ve sürdürmek isteyen Vermont'lu bir arıcının, bu gezegende yaşayan herkese dersler veriyor.
Eserle ilgilenen yayıncılarımıza duyurulur.Elliot Ackerman的'绿色蓝色'
这是一个值得讲述的故事，因为这张专辑在发明之时应该是完全不同的东西专辑的故事 - 它是如何为古典音乐的粉丝设计的，然后被嬉皮士劫持，然后发给它以我从未想过的形式出现在像我一样热切的年轻人手中 - 消费主义，技术和文化的结合的故事只有在它发生时才会发生，并且它是一个人们知之甚少的故事* * *当然，一开始只有现场音乐然后，在19世纪后期，托马斯爱迪生和其他人开发了录制的音乐第一种交付方式是圆筒，歌剧迷可以听到伟大的恩里科卡鲁索唱我，帕利亚奇或托马斯爱迪生背诵玛丽有一只小羊羔然后是20世纪20年代，以及光盘的主导地位它不是真的声音优于圆柱体，但它的批量生产成本更低它的周长为10英寸，每分钟转速为78转 - 它很重它是由虫胶制成的，它来自一个虫子树脂如果撞到某个人的头上，它会碎成数百块但它也可能会让人失望但是，在浴缸杜松子酒的时代，光盘是一个启示，因为它意味着更多的人可以播放他们喜欢的任何音乐事实上，这样一张光盘的每一面都可以容纳大约三分钟左右的音乐，这很好为什么一首歌需要超过三分钟？顺便提一下，近一个世纪以前的技术限制创造了单一的模板;到目前为止，它仍然意味着大多数热门唱片试图挂在三分钟附近的某个地方这种限制很好，对于Rudy Vallee的粉丝或痴迷的人来说，他们忘记了自己在豪华的Tom和Daisy-ish派对上但是，如果一个人是一个更严肃的音乐爱好者，想要听贝多芬的第九交响曲怎么办呢？大约一小时五分钟的运行时间可能会因管弦乐队和指挥家的不同而有所不同 rpm记录每边大约需要3分钟，需要11条记录听众必须每三分钟左右起床才能改变一边 - 有时候，在动作的中间但贝多芬的胃口很大，以至于这些记录已经消失了推向市场，包装盒大致类似于20世纪90年代的CD盒装置他们看着当时的人们喜欢相册，这就是专辑这个词的来源Developing countries, including China and India, are unwilling to sign up to a new global climate change pact to replace the Kyoto protocol in 2012 because the rich world has failed to set a clear example on cutting carbon emissions, according to the UN's top climate official.
Rajendra Pachauri, head of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), said too many rich countries, including the US, had failed to take the action needed to convince the developing nations to sign up to a deal in Copenhagen next year that could help to stabilise global emissions.
"You may not be able to get an agreement in one shot, let's say by Copenhagen, that sets you on the path of stabilisation in keeping with some kind of long-term target," Pachauri told the Guardian. "Looking at the politics of the situation, I doubt whether any of the developing countries will make any commitments before they have seen the developed countries take a specific stand."
He said there were "reasons for dismay" at the rich countries' failure to cut carbon emissions. "This really doesn't give anybody the conviction that those that had agreed to take action as the first step are really serious about doing so. And in several developing countries you get the feeling - in fact people state it very clearly - that these guys [rich countries] are going to shove the whole burden on to our shoulders. That's why it's necessary for the developed world to establish a certain credibility."
Pachauri said Germany had set a good example, with significant investment in renewable energy, and Britain had done "quite well". The UK is on track to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions as required under Kyoto, but will miss a separate domestic goal to reduce carbon dioxide pollution by 20% on 1990 levels by 2010. If emissions from aviation and shipping are included, Britain's carbon dioxide emissions are higher now than in 1990.
Analysts say a new global deal needs to be agreed at the Copenhagen meeting for it to come into force by 2012, because it will take several years to be ratified by countries. If a new deal is not in place when Kyoto expires, then confidence in emerging carbon trading markets - seen as a key way to reduce greenhouse gas pollution - could collapse. Schemes such as the European emissions trading scheme, set up under Kyoto, force polluting companies to invest in carbon credits or cleaner technology, but rely on carbon caps continuing past 2012.
Pachauri, who is also director general of the Energy and Resources Institute in New Delhi, India, said: "I don't think they [China and India] will come on board in the first round. I think they would like to see some level of ambition on the part of the developed countries before they make any voluntary commitments of their own."
Last year Pachauri, an economist and environmental scientist, collected the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of the IPCC, which it won jointly with the American former vice-president Al Gore. The IPCC analyses the state of climate science and issues reports that form the foundation for international action under the UN.
Any reluctance by China to participate in a new agreement would spell problems for the new US president, who could sign a deal in Copenhagen next year and then find it rejected by the US Senate. Several leading figures in the US have said the Senate would be unlikely to pass a new treaty that did not require China to act on its soaring carbon emissions. All three presidential candidates have promised stronger domestic action on global warming, and are expected to play a more constructive role in the search for a new international treaty than the Bush administration.
Yvo de Boer, executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, told an IPCC meeting in Budapest this week that it would be "very, very difficult" to reach an agreement. He warned that if the carbon emissions of China and India continue to grow at the same pace as their economies, mankind would be unable to prevent a critical level of warming.
Pachauri said there was still time for the developed countries to convince India and China to sign a new deal next year, but that it would require a series of "measures and actions" in the next few months.
He urged other rich countries to follow Europe's lead and set ambitious carbon reduction targets for the next 10 years. He said more money was needed to help poorer countries adapt to the likely impact of global warming, as well as "some tangible efforts to make technology transfer a reality".
Rich nations could help China to invest in more efficient coal power stations, for example. "If there was low interest financing of some of these measures, it would make it very attractive to developing countries."
Britain and the US have pledged support for new World Bank funds to support climate adaptation and technology transfer, but poorer countries and green campaigners are more sceptical, and would prefer the money to be administered through the UN. Rich countries have failed to keep similar promises in the past - only £90m of a promised £600m to pay for adaptation measures had been delivered to a Global Environment Facility fund by the end of last year.Kinect for Windows SDK开发入门(十八)：Kinect Interaction交互控件
今年三月份发布了1.7版本的SDK，这一版本的SDK较前一版本最大的变化是添加了Kinect Interactions 和 Kinect Fusion。Kinect Interactions 提供了一些新的带有姿势识别的控件如 push-to-press 按钮, grip-to-pan 列表控件， 而且支持多用户，同时二个人进行的交互，这些新添加的控件能够非常方便的集成到应用程序中，极大的简化了开发和调试过程。
1.7 SDK中新增的第二个功能是去年在Build 2012大会上提到的Kinect Fusion，他能够使我们能快速的创建对象的3D模型，能够用到3D打印，建模，工业设计以及虚拟现实中去。
在Kinect Developer ToolKit中，提供了ControlBasic-WPF, Kinect Interactions和Kinect Fusion的Demo，其中后两个Demo对计算机的屏幕分辨率和显卡的要求比较高，运行Kinect Interactions需要1920*1080的分辨率，而Kinect Fusion则需要良好的GPU才能进行实时渲染。
基于以上原因，本文简要展示Kinect Interactions中提供的新的控件和交互方式。
一 建立必要环境
创建工程之前，您需要到官网上下载最新的1.7 SDK和Developer Toolkit。首先打开Visual Studio创建一个简单的WPF桌面应用程序，然后添加Microsoft.Kinect.dll , Kinect.Toolkit.dll, Kinect.Toolkit.Controls.dll和Kinect.Toolkit.Interaction.dll 引用，这些dll一般在安装目录下，我的机器上是C:/Program Files/Microsoft SDKs/Kinect/下面。
使用KinectSensorChooser控件初始化Kinect传感器
在Microsoft.Kinect.Toolkit.Controls命名空间下，最先用到的控件可能就是KinectSensorChooserUI，它用来指示当前Kinect的工作状态，提示用户Kinect传感器是否工作正常，比如是否断线，是否插到了错误的USB接口上了等等。
要添加这个控件，首先在主窗体中，添加以下命名空间：
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
然后，在主窗体中添加KinectSensorChooserUI控件，代码如下：
<Grid> <k:KinectSensorChooserUI HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Top" Name="sensorChooserUi" /></Grid>
在cs代码中，我们需要初始化KinectSensorChooser控件对象：
private KinectSensorChooser sensorChooser;
然后在主窗体的构造函数中注册OnLoad事件：
public MainWindow(){ InitializeComponent(); Loaded += OnLoaded;}
创建OnLoaded的委托方法：
private void OnLoaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){ this.sensorChooser = new KinectSensorChooser(); this.sensorChooser.KinectChanged += SensorChooserOnKinectChanged; this.sensorChooserUi.KinectSensorChooser = this.sensorChooser; this.sensorChooser.Start();}
如果传感器的状态发生改变，比如关闭或者初始化完成，将会触发SensorChooserOnKinectChanged事件。现在为了演示方便，就用MessageBox弹出提示信息：
private void SensorChooserOnKinectChanged(object sender, KinectChangedEventArgs args){ MessageBox.Show(args.NewSensor == null ? "No Kinect" : args.NewSensor.Status.ToString()); }
现在运行系统。如果没有将Kinect连接电脑上，您将会看到：
在这种情况下，sensorChooser.Kinect ==null,如果将鼠标移动到这个小方框上，他会咱开提供更多的信息以及进一步操作的提示:
这些SDK都帮你封装好了，自己写的话，可能需要花些时间。上面的help连接会链到K4W的官网上去。
现在如果将Kinect传感器的USB连到电脑上，如果Kinect的电源线不连接，则会出现下列提示：
现在把电源插上，现在KinectSensorChooserUI就会切换到初始化的模式下，将鼠标以上去，回展开提示正在初始化：
稍等一会儿，初始化完成之后，就可以看到Kinect的图标 ，然后状态变为初始化成功，这时回调方法就会执行，弹出MessageBox对话框。初始化完成之后，这个图标就会从界面上消失，直到Kinect的状态再次发生改变：
这个图标在Kinect Developer Kit中的Demo以及Kinect Studio中很多地方都用到，如果将该控件稍加改造添加到您的应用程序中去，是不是很人性化，很简单呢。
KinectSensorChooserUI控件根据不同的状态会尝试给予用户相应的提示，切换一下USB口，检查Kinect的电源线是否连好等等。
建立Kinect交互的基本环境
现在我们已经连上Kinect了，可以开始进行一些交互的基本设置。现在将SensorChooserOnKinectChanged 事件代码补全：
private void SensorChooserOnKinectChanged(object sender, KinectChangedEventArgs args){ bool error = false; if (args.OldSensor != null) { try { args.OldSensor.DepthStream.Range = DepthRange.Default; args.OldSensor.SkeletonStream.EnableTrackingInNearRange = false; args.OldSensor.DepthStream.Disable(); args.OldSensor.SkeletonStream.Disable(); } catch (InvalidOperationException) { // KinectSensor might enter an invalid state while enabling/disabling streams or stream features. // E.g.: sensor might be abruptly unplugged. error = true; } } if (args.NewSensor != null) { try { args.NewSensor.DepthStream.Enable(DepthImageFormat.Resolution640x480Fps30); args.NewSensor.SkeletonStream.Enable(); try { args.NewSensor.DepthStream.Range = DepthRange.Near; args.NewSensor.SkeletonStream.EnableTrackingInNearRange = true; args.NewSensor.SkeletonStream.TrackingMode = SkeletonTrackingMode.Seated; } catch (InvalidOperationException) { // Non Kinect for Windows devices do not support Near mode, so reset back to default mode. args.NewSensor.DepthStream.Range = DepthRange.Default; args.NewSensor.SkeletonStream.EnableTrackingInNearRange = false; } } catch (InvalidOperationException) { error = true; // KinectSensor might enter an invalid state while enabling/disabling streams or stream features. // E.g.: sensor might be abruptly unplugged. } }}
上面的代码可以处理旧的Kinect传感器拔掉，连上新的传感器并开启深度和骨骼数据流的情景，在开发中我们可能会同时连接多个传感器。在try代码中，我们试图开启近景模式，如果用户采用的xbox传感器，则不支持，那么转到一般的模式下。一般情况下，开启近景模式
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13 Mar 2016 Essay questions on antigone sophocles. Emory university scholars essay. Essay orgainzing worksheets. Essays with research paper. “Antigone”. Final Essay. Renton. A tragic hero is usually a noble and influential person who meets destruction because of a personal flaw and the opposition of essay interview report Nigel Porter from Marietta was looking for essay questions of macbeth. Billy Oliver found the essay questions on antigone sophocles essay questions on islam a religion of peace essay college admissions essay prompts - lg3 - PaperK2 explanation site essay writing company antigone critique essays bartleby the scrivener essays essays onAs mentioned earlier, descriptors have been introduced here for the purpose of protecting information, although they are also used in some systems to organize addressing and storage allocation. For the present, it is useful to separate such organizational uses of descriptors from their protective use by requiring that all memory accesses go through two levels of descriptors. In many implementations, the two levels are actually merged into one, and the same descriptors serve both organizational and protection purposes.
Conceptually, we may achieve this separation by enlarging the function of the memory system to provide uniquely identified (and thus distinctly addressed) storage areas, commonly known as segments. For each segment there must be a distinct addressing descriptor, and we will consider the set of addressing descriptors to be part of the memory system, as in Fig. 5. Every collection of data items worthy of a distinct name, distinct scope of existence, or distinct protection would be placed in a different segment, and the memory system itself would be addressed with two-component addresses: a unique segment identifier (to be used as a key by the memory system to look up the appropriate descriptor) and an offset address that indicates which part of the segment is to be read or written. All users of the memory system would use the same addressing descriptors, and these descriptors would have no permission bits--only a base and a bound value. This scheme is functionally similar to that used in the Burroughs B5700/ 6700 or Honeywell Multics systems in that it provides a structured addressing space with an opportunity for systematic and automatic storage allocation.
The unique identifiers used to label segments are an essential cornerstone of this organization. They will be used by the protection system to identify segments, so they must never be reused. One way of implementing unique identifiers is to provide a hardware counter register that operates as a clock (counting, say, microseconds) and is large enough never to overflow in the lifetime of the memory system. The value of the clock register at the time a segment is created can be used as that segment's unique identifier.25 As long as the memory system remembers anything, the time base of the clock register must not be changed.
The processor of Fig. 5 contains, as part of its state, protection descriptors similar to those of Figs. 1 and 2, with the addition of permissions, as in Fig. 4. All references by the processor are constrained to be to segments described by these protection descriptors. The protection descriptor itself no longer contains a base and bound; instead the descriptor contains the unique segment identifier that the memory system requires as the first part of its two-part address for accessing that segment. Thus, from the point of view of a program stored in one of the segments of memory, this system is indistinguishable from that of Fig. 2. Note in Fig. 5 that although addressing descriptors exist for the segments containing program B and program S (the supervisor), they are not accessible to the processor since it has no protection descriptors for those two segments. It is useful to distinguish between the system address space, consisting of all the segments in the memory system, and the processor address space, consisting of those segments for which protection descriptors exist. Since the addressing descriptors are part of the memory system, which is shared by all processors, the system address space is universal. Any single processor address space, on the other hand, is defined by the particular protection descriptors associated with the processor and therefore is local. If the supervisor switches control of a real processor from one virtual processor to another, it would first reload the protection descriptors; the processor address space thus is different for different users, while the system address space remains the same for all users.
With the addressing function separated architecturally from the protection function, we may now examine the two generalized forms of protection systems: the capability system and the access control list system.
Suppose, for example, that every location in memory were tagged with an extra bit. If the bit is OFF, the word in that location is an ordinary data or instruction word. If the bit is ON, the word is taken to contain a value suitable for loading into a protection descriptor register. The instruction that loads the protection descriptor register will operate only if its operand address leads it to a location in memory that has the tag bit ON. To complete the scheme, we should provide an instruction that stores the contents of a protection descriptor register in memory and turns the corresponding tag bit ON, and we must arrange that all other store instructions set the tag bit OFF in any memory location they write into. This gives us two kinds of objects stored in the memory: protection descriptor values and ordinary data values. There are also two sets of instructions, separate registers for manipulating the two kinds of objects, and, effectively, a wall that prevents values that are subject to general computational manipulation from ever being used as protection descriptor values. This kind of scheme is a particular example of what is called a tagged architecture.27
This particular tagged architecture is known as a capability system, one that lets the user place protection descriptor values in memory addresses that are convenient to him. A memory word that contains a protection descriptor value (in our simple tagged system, one that has its tag bit ON) is known as a capability.
To see how capabilities can be used to generalize our basic sharing strategy, suppose that each processor has several (say, four) protection descriptor registers, and that program A is in control of a processor, as in Fig. 6. (For clarity, this and future figures omit the addressing descriptors of the segmented memory.) The first two protection descriptor registers have already been loaded with values permitting access to two segments, program A and a segment we have labeled "Catalog for Doe." In our example, this latter segment contains two locations with tags indicating that they are capabilities, Cl and C2. Program A may direct the processor to load the capability at location C2 into one of the protection descriptor registers, and then the processor may address the shared math routine. Similarly, either program A or the shared math routine may direct the loading of the capability at location Cl into a protection descriptor register, after which the processor may address the segment labeled "Private Data Base X." By a similar chain of reasoning, another processor starting with a capability for the segment labeled "Catalog for Smith" can address both the shared math routine and the segment "Private Data Base Y."
We can now arrange for any desired static pattern of sharing of segments. For example, for each user, we can provide one segment for use as a catalog and place in that catalog a capability for every segment he is authorized to use. Each capability contains separate read and write permission bits, so that some users may receive capabilities that permit reading and writing some segment, while others receive capabilities permitting only reading from that same segment. The catalog segment actually might contain pairs: a character-string name for some segment and the associated capability that permits addressing that segment. A user would create a new segment by calling the supervisor. The supervisor by convention might set some protection descriptor to contain a capability for the new segment.28 The user could then file his new segment by storing this new capability in his catalog along with a name for the segment. Thus we have an example of a primitive but usable filing system to go with the basic protection structure.29
To complete the picture, we should provide a tie to some authentication mechanism. Suppose that the system responds to an authentication request by creating a new virtual processor and starting it executing in a supervisor program that initially has a capability for a user identification table, as in Fig. 7. If a user identifies himself as "Doe" and supplies a password, the supervisor program can look up his identification in the
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北约吧。”
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A：俄乌开战你一点不关心战果吗？B：开始还关心，后来就买卢布去了。A：你心可真大。B：乌拉
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一外国人问一乌克兰人，贵国的部队投入东乌后，怎么一直没有捷报传来？
乌克兰人：我不知道，也许亚速营太少了？
注：普京并不接受亚速营的投降，所以，亚速营的战斗力比较高。
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问：”21 世纪乌克兰实行的资本主义到底是艺术还是科学 “
答：” 我肯定是艺术 “
问：” 为什么？“答：” 因为东西越来越贵了，买得起东西的人越来越少了。
11）
外国记者采访乌克兰大选，第一个投完票的民众接受了采访
A: 请问你投给谁？
B：波罗申科啊，还用想。
A：那你一定是他的铁杆支持者？
B：当然不是，我从来没支持过他，我亲俄，而且希望民生水平能够提高。
A：那你为什么不用选票换一个亲俄的，能够提高民生水平的新总统呢？
B：你疯啦，每届都换亲俄总统，你还想再来几次颜色革命？况且也没有别的候选人。
注：乌克兰历史上有库奇马和亚努科维奇两位总统，他们都反对寡头，极大的提高了人民的生活水平，而且都是亲俄罗斯，但是都因为颜色革命而下台。
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泽连斯基担心身边人报喜不报忧，于是私下向总统府打杂的员工询问对时局看法。
“总统先生，经济的事情我不太懂，但对我的影响有一个显著增长和一个明显下滑，您要先听哪一个？”
“先说明显下滑的吧。”
乌克兰人的生活水平。
“那显著增长的呢？”
你们几位企业家的财富。
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有二人在网上吹牛：
甲曰：来我家看看，我屋子里装着的是免费的天然气，用着的是免费的水。住着的是免费的房子，用的是免费的食物。
乙曰：你住在朝鲜国？那边是不是跟我们这边一样？经常饿肚子？
甲：对了，我住在俄罗斯，快来吧。
乙：对了，我还住在俄国的隔壁（乌克兰），快来吧。
甲瞬间下线，准备让乙能够过上甲的生活。
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乌克兰演习前军官开会，总理突然说：下面请认为反对纳粹的同志坐到会场的左边，认为要支持纳粹的同志坐到会场右边。少部分人坐到了左边，大多数人坐到右边，只有一个人还坐在中间不动。总理：那位同志，你到底认为纳粹是正确的，还是错误的？那个人回答：我入侵乌东，在那里屠杀几万平民，支持亚速营，但是我觉得有国家都要入侵我，所以这种行为是正确的，不是纳粹。总理慌忙说：泽连斯基同志，那请您赶快到主席台来宣布演习正式开始。
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一个俄罗斯人与一个乌克兰人聊天，聊到了以色列给贝塔 - 以色列人（埃塞俄比亚裔黑人血统的犹太人）强制避孕的问题。
俄罗斯人：“瞧瞧这犹太人，21 世纪还在搞种族大清洗，太无耻了！”
乌克兰人：请立即停止这种侵略宣传，同时不要诋毁我们的总统。
注：泽连斯基在乌东，大肆屠杀平民
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一位年轻人在读报纸时抱怨道：“纳粹都该下地狱”，结果被一位防暴警察听到而遭逮捕。
年轻人辩解说：“我根本没讲是谁是纳粹，你怎么可以随便逮捕我呢？”
“你少骗人，” 防暴警察咆哮道：“谁是纳粹我不会知道吗？不然我哪来的亚速营的正规军队编制。
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2021 年时：一个中国人和一个俄罗斯人一起聊漫画。
中国人：“如今的漫画越来越无聊了，反派只会玩 “中国的最后抗议”。
俄罗斯人：我们国家也是真弱，乌克兰东部的俄罗斯人被杀了那么多，普京都不敢出兵。
2022 年时：
俄罗斯人：普京出兵了。
中国人：乌拉
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利沃夫市的一所中学，老师让学生谈谈自己的父亲。
伊万诺夫：“我爸爸采购军粮到乌克兰前线，因此赚了不少钱。”
波波夫：“我爸爸采购对讲机到乌克兰前线，因此赚了不少钱。”
安德烈耶夫：“我爸爸在后勤局工作，每次他俩的爸爸从前线回来，都来看望我爸爸，因此我爸爸赚了不少钱。”
全班发出啧啧声。
彼得洛夫：“我爸爸在马里乌波尔。”
全班哄堂大笑。
“孩子们！” 老师严肃地提醒，“不要把快乐建立在别人的痛苦之上！”
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一个乌克兰小孩问妈妈，为什么西乌克兰” 敌人越来越多了，“东乌克兰” 朋友呢？
妈妈说：“傻孩子，因为东乌克兰慢慢没有了啊”
“为什么没有了？”
因为东乌克兰人快被我们宰光了。
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A：” 什么是最搞笑的事情？“
B：” 亲乌的中国人居然以为外东北人愿意跟他们一起 996，而不愿意享受高福利，不愿意做懒汉。
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有网友给乌军留言：“乌军加油”
乌士兵回复：“请提供油”
（最近有乌士兵抱怨油田都被俄罗斯炸了。一直都缺油）
一个中国网友和一个俄国网友在讨论，谁是本民族 21 世纪最伟大的人。
中国人：“我提名任正非先生，他造出来更符合中国人习惯，比 iPhone 还棒的手机，比联想还强的笔记本电脑。”
俄罗斯人：“我提名普京，他让所有人都能享受八小时工作制，还有高福利，按需分配。
中国人：你们这是在大锅饭养懒汉。还是得像我们任总一样，让大家艰苦奋斗。不说了，现在才 12 点，任务还没做完呢。
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“我们是察里津大学关于乌克兰贫富差距课题调查组的，请问你这房子买了多久了？”
因为我不知道这套房租了多久，现在连房贷都还不起了，但是寡头越来越富了。
“我有点忘记了，请你去问下隔壁。俄罗斯人有福利分房，现在还能移民俄罗斯吗？
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两乌克兰人吐槽，无论乌克兰如何西化，总不为西方所接受：
” 他们走资本主义道路，我们也改走了资本主义道路。“
” 他们叫我们削了核弹，我们也销毁了核弹。
这正是西方不接受的原因。
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乌克兰人问俄罗斯人：“你国为何抛弃俄乌友谊的小船？”
俄罗斯人：这你得问一下地下那几万死于纳粹之手的乌东人。
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谁是纳粹？普京总统。
谁是极端组织？乌东反抗屠杀的民兵。
谁是祖国的祸害？列宁的塑像还有共产党人，还有反法西斯主义者。
谁历史上从未屠杀过百姓？乌克兰。
谁是保家卫国的英雄？亚速量的纳粹人士
什么时候乌克兰才能超过欧洲经济最发达的德国？纳粹的话，刚才就是了。
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” 该死的，物价又上涨了，工资又少了，这世界上还能找到比乌克兰商品胀的更快的东西吗 “
” 有的，你国的那几位寡头的财富
28
一年轻人意外去世后阎王对他说：” 刚听说地上打仗了，我们这生意就要好了，今天投胎的人都可以提 4 个要求，本王尽量满足。“年轻人想了一下，缓缓说道：
” 我要继续做男的，一个年轻人男少女多且比例日益悬殊的国度，一个父母都是百万富翁的家庭，周围都是穷人。最重要的是适合企业家致富的大环境。“
好了，你去乌克兰吧！
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” 乌克兰经济和艾滋病的区别是什么？“
” 你无法治好艾滋病，但你可以一直避免它恶化。“
” 你无法避免乌克兰经济恶化，但可以反复声明平均收入水平提高了。（平均收入之所以提高，其实都是因为寡头的收入增长了，还有就是物价疯涨）
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中国人和美国人在街头吵架，一俄国人凑上围观
中国人：” 美国人，我最后一次…“
俄国人带着醉意嘲笑：” 开始了，熟悉的中国最后一次警告，听着最吓人但不会有后续动作的警告。“
中国人白了他一眼，补充道：”… 警告你，再不住手我就援助俄罗斯了。“
电视台采访民众：“刚才泽连斯基总统说：‘人民总是能够区分真正的爱国者和叛徒’你同意吗？”
“一点没错，叛徒们才去阻止纳粹的屠杀。爱国者都把钱存到美国了。）
32
“为什么泽连斯基说：乌克兰的叛徒会源源不断？”
“因为西乌老百姓的血都被寡头被吸光了，东部老百姓都被杀光了。又不好开口反对，”
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一位中文老师在向来自各国的外国学生们解释，中国最近几十年一直和平发展。
美国学生问：“什么是和平？”
拉美学生问：“什么是发展？”
乌克兰学生问：“什么是和平与发展？”
老师又问道：大家反对法西斯吗？
美国学生回答道：反对反对美化纳粹。
拉美学生回答道：什么是法西斯。
乌克兰学生回答道，虽然我们在乌东杀了很多人，虽然我们有纳粹的纹身，虽然反对反对美化纳粹。但是我们不是纳粹，真正的纳粹是俄罗斯。
注：转载请标明作者超理
知乎用户 有 360 天了么 发表
侵略不侵略什么的，不都是人说的么。
你能让说你侵略的人闭嘴，不就没有人说你是侵略了？没有人说你是侵略，那不就民不举官不究了？
反过来，你要能让人张嘴，那不是侵略也可以被说是侵略。是不是侵略，反正先制裁了再说。
美国有能力让人闭嘴，也有能力让人张嘴。俄罗斯这方面比美国差的多，那就只能吃这个亏。
总之，这事吧，告诉我们的道理就是——建设让人闭嘴的能力很重要，建设让人张嘴的能力也很重要。好在我们两方面做的都很不错，比美国也许差一点，比俄罗斯是强多了。
知乎用户 骨裂 发表
自打我能认字看得懂报纸以来，我们的媒体一直把美国定义为侵略者。打伊拉克是入侵，轰炸南联盟是以美国为首的北约悍然干涉他国内政，更别说当年的反美大游行都把美国骂成啥样了。
可以回顾一下春晚对美国打伊拉克的评价：“海湾内旮沓挺闹心，美英合伙欺负银。”
所以 “为什么美国侵略别国就不叫侵略” 从来就是个伪命题；所谓“反战不反美”，也只是一个毫无现实依据的烂梗。
倒是俄罗斯自打入侵乌克兰以来，内宣口径一直都是 “军事打击”、“特别军事行动”，而甚少谈及侵略、入侵等词汇，这其中的玄机可以讨论一下。
知乎用户 韵的影 发表
美国是侵略，俄罗斯也是侵略，没有不一样。
知乎用户 圣灵剑舞 发表
这几十年的反美教育，你都没学好吗？是没给你课本吗？新闻热点你都没看吗？
1950 年后，一旦美国有军事行动，咱们的报纸上，新闻里，总是：美国入侵格林纳达，入侵伊拉克，入侵南联盟，入侵阿富汗，入侵索马里，入侵越南，入侵朝鲜，入侵古巴…… 其他也是美国是幕后凶手，责任在于美国的霸权政策……
唯二不说入侵的，好像就是海湾战争和修理利比亚。
这一轮一轮的，你是哪一轮没被教育到啊？
而俄军在乌克兰，在车臣，在格鲁吉亚的，咱们有说是入侵吗？
就现在的这次，还叫它俄乌冲突呢。
可以说，提出这个问题的，义务教育不过关，平日里肯定也不看新闻联播，关注人民日报、新华社……
可能是 1450 来反串。
知乎用户 清平安乐公 发表
有一种入侵，不叫侵略，那就是反法西斯战争。
苏联攻入德国，占领柏林，我们没说苏联是侵略。美国轰炸日本，美军占领东京，我们没说美国是侵略。
如今，乌克兰公然支持纳粹，我认为，俄罗斯算反法西斯战争。
知乎用户 中一 (MiddleOne) 发表
如果确实发生种族屠杀，炸死几千人，能救几万或几十万人，很难说是不是侵略。
如果只是打着皿煮等口号，就像一千年来打着神的口号，实际上是为了抢石油和美元霸权，用一瓶洗衣粉造谣，并且让众多老百姓生活更困苦，显然就是侵略。
老百姓不要战争，要改善生活。但可悲的是: 战争时时刻刻都在发生，或明或暗。老百姓不得不选择，选对了可能能过几十年好日子，选错了生活和生命都交代了。
如果一个国家治理良好，多数百姓日子越过越好，社会也越变越文明，无论现状有这个那个的不满意，就是一个成功国家，政府就是一个好政府。
如果一个国家多数百姓日子越过越不好，社会变得越来越野蛮，派系、种族仇恨，甚至仇杀，阶级矛盾不可调和，无论这个国家现状怎样，都会走向失败。
国家是必要之恶，是阶级矛盾博弈后的产物，是帕累托改进的结果。如果只有少数政客、奸商、纳粹、愤青能获利，广大百姓受苦，这个 “恶” 有存在的必要吗？
知乎用户 宝贝请转身 发表
兵强马壮者得正统者为天子。
什么为侵略？天子说了算，五常可以反对。
五常兵强，但联合国正统归美。
其他常也说美国侵略，说了没用。
如果有什么不一样，制裁的实施不一样。
知乎用户 Megan 发表
印度网民 Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam 说：
我刚刚意识到，我们仍然是一个殖民地的主体！我意识到，印度和世界上可能有 60% 的地方仍然是西方的殖民地。
当然，按照 19 世纪的殖民主义定义，我们不是殖民地，但我们仍然是一个国家，仍然需要遵守西方划定的界限，否则我们可能会受到制裁的威胁。
我还意识到，在一天结束时，谁喊得最响，谁就能说出真相。
我一直在问自己，普京到底想要什么，是如此的错误？
他要求北约提供安全保障有错吗？
他想让两个 85% 的人讲俄语的地区与俄罗斯合并是错误的吗？
然而，在两个星期的时间里，普京变成了世界上最大的战争贩子 – 比希特勒还糟糕，因为希特勒直到 1940 年都没有在英国报纸的头条上报道过 20% 的时间。
北约没有对他做出任何让步，并利用纯粹的宣传 - 他们创造了普京作为一个超级恶棍的形象，而乌克兰在这个故事中作为一个英雄。
包括我自己的同胞在内的每个人实际上都欢迎并相信它。
他们把乌克兰说成是他们最古老的朋友，一些半吊子居然评论说他对乌克兰人感到悲哀。
假设明天伊姆兰 - 汗与俄罗斯签署协议，与俄罗斯建立军事联盟并提供大量武器 – 印度难道不会做同样的事情吗？
难道印度不会要求俄罗斯作出保证吗？
印度不会要求巴基斯坦提供担保吗？
为什么会有这样的错误？
2003 年的伊拉克和 1962 年的古巴不都是这样吗。
然而，在 4 天内，普京是一个战争贩子，普京是一个战争罪犯，对整个危机的报道很容易成为 2003 年美国入侵伊拉克以来最片面的报道。
这就是今天可悲的真相。
西方国家可能正在死去，但他们仍然统治着世界。他们成功地保持了自己的团结，并分裂了我们所有人 – 印度、中国、俄罗斯、日本、韩国、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国、斯里兰卡 – 所有这些都是在仇恨、猜疑和互不信任的迷宫中进行的。
他们可能声称是我们的朋友，但在一天结束时 – 就像 2021 年的疫苗 – 是他们首先。
他们有连接金融世界的 SWIFT，即使在今天，在金融方面同样强大和富有的亚洲也没有一个同等的亚洲全球支付系统。中国的 CIPS 是唯一的一个，但它只处理 Swift 的 40% 的交易。
为什么？因为亚洲是分裂的。
他们有谷歌、Youtube、Facebook、Twitter、Instagram、Newsfeeds– 他们塑造了我们所有的公众意见和叙述。我们不知道的是 – 我们相信维 **** 种族灭绝，他们相信克什米尔族的种族灭绝，而两者都是完全夸大其词的。农民的抗议活动就是最好的例子。
我呼吁每个中国人、印度人：
除非我们的国家团结起来，忘记西方人强加给我们的这些可笑的边界争端，建立永久的友谊，并着手孤立自己，使自己完全独立于西方 – 否则我们就只能像 19 世纪的祖先一样成为殖民地。
明天，他们将扼杀中国，把一些钱扔给印度，但印度一发展起来，他们就会扼杀印度，把一些钱扔给孟加拉国，等等，不断地使我们分裂并一再地依赖他们。
回到主要问题 – 谁赢得了我的尊重？
我没有任何线索。
因为我不知道那里发生了什么，也不知道背景是什么。
我只是看到西方告诉我的东西，我拒绝像读福音
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distance running program. A correctly functioning core will yield proper biomechanics and force production, providing stability (including lumbar, pelvic, and lower limb stability), power and endurance.
When your core is weak, it can lead to increased strain in other parts of your body and could contribute to compensation and overuse movement patterns, over-striding or under-striding with running and increased frontal plane movements (side to side movements) of the lumbar spine, pelvis and hips.
These compensatory movement patterns will lead to overuse injuries and have been linked to various disorders common to runners, including:
Iliotibial band (IT Band) syndrome — The iliotibial band is a thick band of fascia (a thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or other organ) that crosses the hip joint and extends distally to insert on the patella, tibia, and biceps femoris tendon. Repetitive movements and overuse can cause irritation and inflammation in the knee or lead to snapping hip or hip bursitis.
Patellofemoral pain and dysfunction — The patella, your knee cap, floats within the trochlear groove on top of the femur. If the mechanics of your running is not ideal, then the kneecap may be pushed to one side of the groove when the knee is bent causing pain.
Low back and Sacroiliac (SI joint) disorders — SI joint is responsible for transferring the weight of the upper body to the lower body. It is located in the pelvis connecting the iliac bone (pelvis) to the sacrum (the lowest part of the spine). With a lot of repetitive movements you can cause hypermobility of the joint.
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (shin splints) — This refers to the pain in the front of leg that develops when you increase your mileage too fast. Most of the time this is caused by a training error due to fatigue.
Achilles tendinopathy — The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscle to the heel bone. Tendinitis (inflammation) and Tendinosis (microtears in the tissue around the tendon) are common problems.
Plantar fasciitis – This band of tissue runs across the bottom of your foot and connects your heel bone to your toes. It is one of the most common causes of heel pain.
A core strengthening program can help prevent these types of injuries and should progress initially from “open-chain” (i.e. non-weight bearing) exercises toward “closed-chain” (weight bearing) exercises. The goal is to stimulate and train the muscles to function in a manner and position that they would normally when under stress.
In running, our bodies are erect, with weight bearing and landing on our legs, so the strengthening exercises should reproduce these positions and movement patterns. The exercises should also incorporate all planes of movement of the body to allow ideal muscle stimulation and development.
For all your foot problems visit The Podiatrist
Posted on May 11, 2015, in Contact a Podiatrist, What is a Podiatrist, Your feet and tagged abdominals, ACC, achilles pain, Achilles tendonitis, arch, arch pain, arch support, arch supports, Athletic shoe, auckland podiatrist, auckland podiatrists, auckland podiatry, auckland podiatry clinic, backpain, bones, Caron Orelowitz, Child, children, children's foot problems, childrens feet, claw toes, core stability, east auckland podiatry, feet, femoral, flat feet, Foot, foot care, foot experts, foot inserts, foot orthoses, foot orthotics, foot pain, foot specialist, foot specialists, Health, healthy feet, heel pain, heels, hips, iliotibial band, iliotobial band, inflammation, inserts, ITB, knee pain, knees, leg, lumbar, lumbar pain, lumbar region, muscles, new zealand podiatrist, north shore podiatry, orthotics, paediatrics, pain, painful feet, patella, pelvis, plantar fasciitis, Podiatrist, podiatrists, podiatry, podiatry new zealand, podiatry nz, PodiatryNZ, pronation, remuera podiatrist, remuera podiatrists, remuera podiatry, running, running injuries, Running Shoes, sciatica, shin splints, Shoe, shoes, spine, stability, stomach muscles, tendonitis, tummy muscles. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment.Cambia il regolamento del calcio, il Consiglio Federale ha modificato l'articolo 19 comma 9 del Codice di Giustizia sportiva
sulle sanzioni ai giocatori per cumulo di ammonizioni
: da oggi in tutti i campionati della Lega, vale a dire dalla serie D alla A, la squalifica scatterà automatica dopo 5 ammonizioni
, e non 4 come accadeva fino a ieri.Renato Crotti. Questo nome forse non dice molto oggi. Invece Renato era un personaggio singolare. Grande imprenditore tessile di Carpi apparteneva a quella schiera ormai estinta di capitalisti puri che non avevano alcun rapporto con la mano pubblica.
Negli anni ’50 per convincere i suoi operai in gran parte comunisti che il socialismo sovietico era mistificazione noleggiò dei pullman e li portò in Russia per toccare con mano tale mistificazione. Furono pochissimi gli operai comunisti che “aprirono gli occhi”.
L’ho conosciuto e siamo diventati amici. Ma i nostri incontri erano sempre duelli ideologici. L’ho convinto sui campi che al tennis era una schiappa, ma non l’ho smosso dalle sue convinzioni “ideologiche”.
Ha dedicato alcuni libri alle sue teorie, ma non è diventato un Adamo Smith.
Fu cavaliere del lavoro. Quando veniva a Roma, dove ha una figlia, stavamo spesso insieme per discutere, discutere, discutere…..inutilmente; lui restava liberista e io socialista.
Non ha mai offerto un euro – e ne aveva tanti! – ad una istituzione che arranca per rimanere in piedi e difendere il socialismo: la Fondazione Nenni: forse non voleva aiutare il nemico.
Ed anche per questa “coerenza” la Fondazione lo ricorda con grande rimpianto.مدرس خیابانی در جمع خبرنگاران:
۵ طرح بزرگ صنعتی فردا افتتاح می شود
سرپرست وزارت صمت اظهار داشت: با بهره گیری از ظرفیت های خالی، تكمیل طرح های نیمه تمام، راه اندازی واحدهای تعطیل و غیرفعال صنعتی و معدنی و دستیابی به فناوری در جهت اهداف جهش تولید هستیم.
به گزارش تولیدو به نقل از مهر، حسین مدرس خیابانی سرپرست وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت امروز (چهارشنبه) در حاشیه جلسه هیئت دولت در جمع خبرنگاران گفت: فردا در ایستگاه هشتم پویش تولید، تداوم و امید پنج طرح بزرگ صنعتی و معدنی با حضور رئیس جمهور افتتاح می شود که حجم سرمایه گذاری آنها ۵ هزار و ۶۰۰ میلیارد تومان است. وی عنوان کرد: یک طرح فولادی در استان خوزستان، یک طرح تولید کربنات سدیم در استان فارس، دو سیلوی گندم در شهرستان های اقلید و فاراب استان فارس، طرح تولید تخته های ام دی اف در استان مازندران است و بیش از ۱۷۰۰ نفر به صورت مستقیم و حدود پنج برابر آن غیر مستقیم، اشتغالزایی داریم. سرپرست وزارت صمت اشاره کرد: به مرور هر هفته طرح های نیمه تمام کشور افتتاح می شود که ۲۰۰ طرح بزرگ صنعتی و معدنی به صورت هفتگی در چارچوب این پویش، پنجشنبه ها در حال افتتاح است. مسیر سوم راه اندازی واحدهای غیرفعال است و ما امسال در دو حوزه تمرکز کردیم. از میان حدود ۴۵ هزار واحد صنعتی که داریم حدود ۹۵۰۰ مورد تعطیل هستند که در برنامه سال ۹۹ خود در مورد ۱۵۰۰ مورد از ۹۵۰۰ مورد، برنامه احیا داریم. مدرس خیابانی اضافه کرد: در این چهار ماه چیزی بیش از ۳۸۰ واحد غیرفعال یا تعطیل در شهرک های صنعتی سرپا شدند و به چرخه تولید برگشتند. در حوزه معدن هم حدود ۱۱ هزار واحد معدنی داریم و تقریباً حدود ۴۴۰۰ موردش تعطیل هستند. البته قسمتی از این معادن فصلی هستند و تعطیلیشان طبیعی است و با کاهش ظرفیت کار می کنند. حدود ۱۰۲۰ مورد در حوزه معادن کوچک قصد احیا داریم و ۱۴۰ مورد از این معادن در چهار ماه فعال شدند. وی اشاره کرد: ما برای سرعت دادن به واحدهای معدنی غیرفعال، بخش عمده ای از اختیارات شورای معادن را به شورای معادن استانها واگذار کردیم. مسیر چهارمی داریم تحت عنوان دستیابی به تکنولوژی های جدید. به هر حال وقتی که تولید با فناوری عجین شود مقیاس های تولید را به هم می ریزد و موجب جهش تولید و ارتقای توان تولید می شود. سرپرست وزارت صمت در آخر اشاره کرد: با همین چهار مسیر، یعنی استفاده از ظرفیت های خالی، تکمیل طرح های نیمه تمام، راه اندازی واحدهای تعطیل و غیرفعال صنعتی و معدنی و دستیابی به فناوری در جهت اهداف جهش تولید هستیم.
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نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلبbetween HIV therapy and fracture risk is far from straightforward, US research
presented to the International AIDS Society conference (IAS 2011) in Rome suggests.
An analysis including
over 56,000 HIV-positive military veterans who received care between 1988 and
2009 failed to find any significant association between antiretroviral
treatment and fragility fractures.
Incidence of fractures
increased after the introduction of effective HIV therapy, but the researchers
believe that this could simply be because more patients were surviving into
However, when analysis
was restricted to patients who received care after 1996, an association was
found with tenofovir (Viread, also in
the combination pills Truvada and Atripla) and lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra). Even so, the investigators
stress that traditional risk factors such as smoking and diabetes were much
It is now well known
that bone mineral density is reduced in patients with HIV. The exact causes are
controversial, but appear to include traditional risk factors, especially older
age, HIV infection, and possibly therapy with some antiretroviral drugs.
significance of this reduced bone mineral density is also unclear. Some (but
not all studies) have found that it is associated with an increased risk of
so-called fragility fractures (a fracture that occurs from a fall from standing height or less, usually to the wrist, vertebrae or hip).
Investigators from the US Department of Veterans’ Affairs conducted a
retrospective study involving patients who received care between 1988 and 2009.
Data were gathered on
the incidence of fragility fractures, and the patients’ medical records were
examined and information extracted on traditional, HIV-related, and
antiretroviral-related risk factors.
Incidence of fractures
increased from 1.61 events per 100 person-years in the pre-treatment era to
4.06 events per 100 person-years after the introduction of combination HIV
Fracture rates were
significantly higher among men, smokers, individuals with diabetes, and those
co-infected with hepatitis C virus (all p < 0.0001).
The first set of
statistical analysis showed a significant association between fragility
fractures and traditional risk factors including white race (p < 0.0001),
older age (p < 0.0001), smoking (p = 0.003), lower body mass index (p =
0.007), and hepatitis C co-infection (p < 0. 0001).
Cumulative exposure to
antiretroviral therapy was significant in univariate analysis (p = 0.02), but
fell just short of significance in the adjusted model (p = 0.77).
An analysis of the
entire cohort of patients found a significant association between fragility
fracture risk and tenofovir therapy (p < 0.001), as well as treatment with Kaletra (p = 0.015). However, both
associations ceased to be significant after controlling for traditional risk
The investigators then
restricted their analysis to people who received care after 1996, following the
introduction of effective combination HIV treatment.
association was found with tenofovir therapy, even after controlling for
traditional risk factors, each year of treatment increasing the risk by
approximately 12% (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.21, p = 0.011).
After controlling for
other risk factors, there was also a significant association with Kaletra, therapy with this drug
increasing the risk of fragility fractures by 8% (HR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15,
p = 0.026).
When the two drugs
were used together, the risk of fractures was further increased.
Despite these finding,
the investigators were circumspect about the association between antiretroviral
therapy and the risk of fractures.
Most importantly, the
risk associated with cumulative exposure to HIV therapy was modest when
compared to those associated with traditional risk factors, especially white
race, ageing and smoking.
They also suggest that
the higher fracture rates in the treatment era, and the significant association
with tenofovir and Kaletra, could
simply be because people with HIV are living longer.
Although they believe
that the large sample size was a major strength of their study, they also note
a number of limitations. These include the retrospective design, and the fact that no
information was available on the patients’ bone mineral density.
exposure likely does not account for the increased risk in the HAART era,”
conclude the investigators.A Congo Chronicle: Patrice Lumumba in Urban Art
February 21–March 18, 2006
A Congo Chronicle: Patrice Lumumba in Urban Art features approximately ninety examples of Congolese Urban art, or popular painting that portray the life and tragic death of Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of the Congo after its independence from Belgium in 1960. The exhibition includes a series of nearly fifty paintings by Tshibumba Kanda-Matulu, an influential artist of the 1970s, and a number of recent works by other Congolese contemporary artists who emulated his style. Reflections of prevailing popular taste, these paintings demonstrate how memories of Lumumba were transformed into a powerful visual narrative of a cultural hero.
Urban art is traceable from early 1920's paintings depicting colonial "modern life," through 1940's and 1950's paintings assimilating African "modern life," to 1970's chronicles of social and political memory. The significance of the resultant African "social realism," an idealistic historic documentation, is its focus on recognizable themes such as social injustice, street violence, political arbitrariness, and gender and generational conflicts. Through them, the viewer gains insight into the popular issues of the era.
These popular depictions of Patrice Lumumba exemplify the Congolese tradition of venerating mythic or cultural heroes. Just as classical African sculptures portrayed cultural innovators, urban art helped transform Lumumba into a powerful symbol. He embodies the dream of national unity, democracy, and independence, despite being largely omitted from official Congolese histories of the Mobutu era. With the recent upheavals in the political leadership and social fabric, A Congo Chronicle is a timely examination of how Lumumba became not only a Congolese hero, but also an African and African-American hero.
Curator Bogumil Jewsiewicki of Laval University, Quebec wrote the accompanying full-color catalogue. Essays by contributing scholars Jean Omasombo Tshonda, Nyunda ya Rubango, Dibwe dia Mwembu, and Mary Nooter Roberts and Allen F. Roberts discuss popular urban art, the life of Patrice Lumumba, Tshibumba's series of Lumumba paintings, the Congolese memory of Lumumba, and Congolese cultural heroes.
This exhibition was organized by the Museum for African Art in New York and guest curated by Bogumil Jewsiewicki. The traveling exhibition is made possible through a grant from the Nathan Cummings Foundation. Support for the creation of the exhibition was received from the LEF Foundation and the Lannan Foundation. The showing at the Wallach Art Gallery has been made possible, in part, by an endowment established by Miriam and Ira D. Wallach.پایگاه خبری و تحلیلی رشد : وزیر امور خارجه گفت: از جمهوری اسلامی ایران برای شرکت در نشست فوقالعاده سازمان همکاری اسلامی در جده دعوت به عمل آمده و ما نیز به طور فعالانه در این نشست شرکت خواهیم کرد.
حسین امیرعبداللهیان وزیر امور خارجه دقایقی پیش از ترک دوحه به عنوان آخرین مقصد از سفر منطقه ای به چهار کشور عراق، سوریه، لبنان و قطر در جمع خبرنگاران گفت: از جمهوری اسلامی ایران برای حضور در نشست فوقالعاده سازمان همکاری اسلامی در جده دعوت به عمل آمده و ما هم به طور فعالانه در این نشست شرکت خواهیم کرد.
براساس این گزارش، پیشتر نمایندگی ایران در سازمان همکاری اسلامی طی یادداشتی آمادگی کامل کشورمان جهت میزبانی نشست اضطراری شورای وزیران امور خارجه سازمان همکاری اسلامی در خصوص تبادل نظر و مذاکره سازنده در ارتباط با تحولات فلسطین را رسما اعلام کرده بود.
منبع: ایرناThe major difference between bipolar junction transistor and field-effect transistor (FET) is that the BJT is a current device, and the FET is a voltage device.
The current through the collector-emitter circuit of a BJT is controlled by the amount of current in the base-emitter circuit. A FET controls current in the source-drain circuit by the amount of potential applied to the gate.
Field-Effect Transistor (FET) Types
There are two types of FETs, the junction field-effect transistor (JFET) and the metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). First, we will look at the JFET.
The construction and symbols for the JFET are shown in Figure 1. The three main parts of the JFET are the source, drain, and gate. These three parts are similar to the three main parts of a typical bipolar transistor.
The source compares to the emitter. The drain compares to the collector. The gate compares to the base. The gate is diffused into the channel material. The channel is a path from the source to the drain. The channel through the center of the device can be P- or N-type material.
Figure 1. The physical construction of typical JFETs and their schematic symbols.
The current through the device is controlled by the gate potential. See Figure 2. If a small potential is applied to the gate, a large current through the P channel will exist.
If a large potential
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2022-03-28格陵兰西部冰原上融化的冰河排入冰下的海洋。 图片来自CasparHaarløv/ AP
来自100个国家/地区的30个科学家将很快发布一个 专题报告 研究气候变化对海洋以及地球上一个不太熟悉但至关重要的部分：冰冻圈的影响。
冰盖，冰盖和冰川，极地地区的浮动海冰，湖冰，地面上的积雪，以及 永久冻土在北纬永久冻结的地面，全部组成了冰冻圈。
尽管我们日常生活中的冰雪有时可能难以驾驭，有时甚至很危险，但人们 大大受益 来自冰冻圈。 它有助于冷却我们的星球并控制全球海平面。 它影响着全球的洋流和风暴模式。 冰雪中储存的淡水可提供饮用水并灌溉农作物。 我是一名研究冰雪的研究员，由于全球气候变暖，地球开始失去冰冻圈这一事实应该引起我们所有人的关注。
淡水锁在巨大的冰盖中
格陵兰和南极冰原包含 99％的淡水冰 在这个星球上。 世界各地的这些冰盖，冰川和冰盖正在消失，并为 海平面上升，使世界各地的沿海地区和地势较低的岛屿都处于危险之中。
青藏高原被称为“水塔亚洲”。 湄公河，黄河，长江，印度河和卡纳利河都起源于 青藏高原 积雪和冰川融化，这些河流的水为亿万人民提供了支撑。
在美国本地西部，包括喀斯喀特山脉，内华达山脉和落基山脉，冬季积雪，冰和雪一直储存到春季，是农业，工业和市政用水的主要来源。 就像极地的冰盖一样 证据 表明美国的冬季积雪正在缩小。 无论是滑雪，骑雪地摩托和冰钓等冬季运动的损失，还是用于养鱼或灌溉的水量减少，对没有足够的寒冷天气和降雪的社区的经济影响都是巨大的。
然而，我们冰冻圈不断缩小的威胁所涉及的不仅仅是对当地和区域经济的影响。 由于极冷，我们星球上的大部分雪和冰都位于极地。 明亮的白色冰雪覆盖层就像行星的镜子一样，将大部分到达地面的太阳能量反射回太空。 雪和冰增强了极地地区的寒冷，并增强了它们作为地球天然冰箱的作用。 地球变暖破坏了冰雪缓和和稳定全球气候的能力。
冰层变薄的影响
在北极（地球的北极地区），大部分海洋被 漂浮的海冰当海水冻结时形成。 该海冰覆盖层正在缩小。 随着冰层变薄和融化，更黑的表面暴露在外，并吸收更多的太阳能量。 这导致更多的变暖甚至更多的融化。 这种吸收，变暖和融化的循环（称为正反馈）是北极放大的一个因素-观察到北极正在变暖 至少是整个地球速度的两倍.
漂浮的海冰覆盖层的丧失和北极地区的迅速升温导致了 级联效应 通过北极食物链-从像北极熊这样的顶级捕食者到遍布全球海洋的微小浮游植物。 居住在北极的4百万人的生活受到各种方式的破坏。
减少冰层的北极地区正在开放潜在的航道，包括沿着俄罗斯海岸的北部海路和通过加拿大北极群岛，除格陵兰岛以外的加拿大北部所有岛屿的西北通道。 北极海底下的石油和天然气沉积变得越来越容易。 该地区经济发展的潜力带来了不可避免的挑战。 治理与冲突.
全球冰雪预算
但是，北部发生的事情不会仅仅停留在那里。 随着北极变暖，可能会破坏北极 急流，这是一个由西向东的狭窄带，在大气中较高，会影响天气，北半球中纬度地区的风暴的轨迹和强度。 一些科学家说这是 已经发生.
而且，随着北极多年冻土的融化，北极地区将以二氧化碳和甲烷的形式将储存的碳释放到大气中，有可能导致 进一步的气候变暖。 格陵兰融化的冰盖 导致海平面上升 除了融化北极冰帽和冰川。
随着我们的气候变热，冰冻圈将继续收缩和融化，失去冰冻圈的影响可能只会增加。 我们今天看到的仅仅是开始。
关于作者
地理研究教授兼国家冰雪数据中心主任Mark Serreze， 科罗拉多大学博尔德分校
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在亚马逊购买可以支付带给您的费用 InnerSelf.comelf.com, MightyNatural.com, 和 ClimateImpactNews.com 免费且没有广告客户跟踪您的浏览习惯。 即使您点击链接但不购买这些选定的产品，您在亚马逊的同一次访问中购买的任何其他东西都会向我们支付少量佣金。 您无需支付额外费用，因此请为此付出努力。 你也可以 使用此链接 随时使用亚马逊，以便您可以帮助支持我们的工作。印度城市古尔冈，购物商场和金融大厦鳞次栉比，然而这繁华盛世背后却是工人阶级辛酸的挣扎。近年来，伴随着工业腾飞，印度诞生了一个庞大的工人阶级——农民工。和中国的情况相似，由于工资过低，来自农村的工人被迫与家人分离，只能在大城市工厂与农村之间流动。残酷的现实促使印度工人不断发起集体反抗来改变自身的处境。本文结合古尔冈的工业结构等背景，提出当地工人需要总结以往传统抗争方式失败的教训，未经批准的罢工以及工厂占领可能才是出路。
英文原文："Developing Unrest: New Struggles in Miserable Boom-Town Gurgaon," Gurgaon Workers News #9/25 （2010年）:
https://gurgaonworkersnews.wordpress.com/gurgaonworkersnews-no-925/
中文译版原发表于“破土工作室”（已下线）2016年
繁体字版：http://groundbreaking.tw/wordpress/archives/1830
___________________________________________________________________
古尔冈（Gurgaon），这个印度新德里南部的卫星城，已成为了“印度淘金梦”的标志。 购物商场和金融大厦那闪闪发亮的玻璃外墙，使多少人看花了眼，却忽视了繁华盛世背后，工人阶级辛酸的挣扎历程。 新德里工业带、中国的珠江三角洲、以及北墨西哥的马基拉朵拉工厂（美墨边境的加工出口专区）是全球工人阶级形成的聚焦点。
本地的外皮，全球化的馅——工人阶级的形成
在古尔冈工业区，逐渐出现了一个特殊的“阶级组成”（class composition）[1]。在成千上万的外来纺织工辛勤作业的同时，旁边不仅有印度最大的汽车生产中心，还有一班年轻人戴着呼叫中心的耳机，汗流浃背。 在这里，我们不得不重新思考“工人”的传统定义，他们是如何奋力斗争，还有这些斗争如何引领工人们从自立自强走向自我解放。
首先，古尔冈特殊的工业结构和劳动人口组成，使我们的分析框架超出国家范围或者地域范围。通过全球市场便可以明显看出。 2008年春天，卢比对美元的汇率达到前所未有的高峰，造成了出口压力。古尔冈的服装制造业解雇了数千员工，并把市场转向“低货币值”国家，例如越南和孟加拉国。 同年秋天，卢比币值猛跌，祸不单行的是，欧美的金融危机也波及到古尔冈。房地产的信用紧缩，制衣业的订单减少，就连当地的美国银行也无力回天。 此时此地，昔日以为除了茶水铺之外就毫无共通点的工人们发现，在这时他们所面对的困境是一样的： 克扣奖金或计件工资，取消免费的工作餐或来回交通，还有裁员的威胁。在这座“样板工业城”, 突然出现了发生“暴力茶会”的可能性——英语呼叫中心的夜班青年、纺织业和建筑业的流动 “农民工”、汽车零件厂的年轻技工一起组成了实际“内忧” 的群众基础[2]。
第二，要了解“劳动共同体”，还得把握另外一个层次，而这层次是超越各自工厂或公司单位的范围的。通过运输链,马鲁蒂铃木（日本铃木汽车公司的一家 印度分公司）把生产线和焊接器同数百业务外包商的产区连成一体，把生产规模扩展到法里达巴德的“贫民窟车间”，还有国道旁的郊外工业区。全球各地的组装工厂都得依靠在古尔冈生产的零件。 IT和经营外包办公室与他们的海外分支紧密合作的同时，制衣厂自家的针线活儿却要通过中间商来监督。
第三，工人阶级的性质不能从地方的层面去理解。 大多数工人是 “农民工”，在大城市工厂与乡村生活之间流动求生。 因为薪水低得难以在古尔冈养活全家，大部分工人不得不把家人留在村里。 长期失业，或者应该说长期罢工，也同样使人无法在古尔冈生存。虽然农村社会在瓦解,它仍然是这些工人的主要“失业保险”。 农村的变化（例如“全国农村就业保障计划” 的实施或农业市场的发展）影响了古尔冈的工作条件，进而在农村形成反响。工人们怀揣着梦想来到古尔冈，到头来却发现一切都只是幻想。 脑海中关于农村生活的痛苦或者幸福的记忆，支撑着他们熬过每天16个小时的工作。 他们渴望着，有那么一天，可以 “不用再当工人”，回乡下开一家小卖部。 残酷的现实迫使他们通过集体的、社会性的方法来摆脱“工人”这一身份。
“工人”身份难以摆脱，在很大程度上是因为工作的散工化。2000年冬，马鲁蒂铃木以小规模的劳工纠纷为借口，用临时工人换掉正式工人，美其名曰遵 守“自愿退休计划”。 其他工厂也有同样的情况，多达百分之七十到八十的工人都是通过承包商招来的零工。这是由于工人们的流动性——为了尽快挣钱回乡，他们没有多少兴趣去争取长 期劳资合同和退休政策。 他们有的是干劲和冲动。 其余的临时工和长工大部分是国内信息技术高校的毕业生。同以往的正式工人相比，他们的薪水更少，而且工作也不稳定。 在制衣厂，只需请上20个低级技工分工合作，再加上由计算机操控的缝纫机，转眼间就能造出一整件衣裳，比以往老裁缝的手工制作快得多。Kapashera 这个离工业区不远的“村庄”是20万纺织工及其家属的聚居地。很多“机械纺织课程”和为期六周的初级缝纫课就在这里展开，授课单位都是当地一些不正规的小 型学校。
在这个艰难时世，工人们面对的不只是某一个企业的某一个老板——而是整个工业区背后的势力。 由于房地产市场的暴涨，农田变成商业用地，农民也成了地主和商人，他们联合当地的政治团体、包工头、警察、企业雇佣的打手，形成镇压工人运动的前线。这条前线由本地的统治阶级组成，在背后撑腰的则是多国投资商和国家政府。
旧式斗争： 罢工？不罢也罢！
在这种情况下，若工人运动只维持于“各自为政”，往往最终导致失败或被制度化。 “工会斗争”在古尔冈时有上演，它们基本符合这些条件[3]：
通过承包商聘请的临时工人和正式工人之间总是存在芥蒂。 大多数情况下，“不正式” （under-the-surface) 斗争总会早于“正式” （official）斗争，例如本田HMSI的工人“自发”占领食堂发生于工会认可的“正式”骚乱之前。 在这一阶段，某部分工人与工会接触，希望通过加入组织来壮大声势。工人代表应运而生，他们所需要的是更多的工友加入到组织中。 厂方试图给这些新兴的“工人领导”施加压力，并借此来拖延时间。 与此同时，厂方又会请剩下的工人签下保证书，进一步减弱工会的支持力量。出于工会利益，代表会反对工人签署这些文件： 尽管返回工厂会给他们带来更多好处，但当工人的利益受到损害时，典型的工会斗争能很顺利地组织起来。 当非工会组织的停工事件发生时，承包商手下的工人通常会自动返回工厂，因为他们本来就不指望从任何组织那里得到好处。其他一些新请来的工人也会保持生产进 度。 这些新来的工人一般是古尔冈周边村落里的本地人，这样能防止他们和外来工势力结为朋党。 厂方通常会为停工和随之而来的问题做好准备，把多余存货先堆放起来，或从其他供应商处购入零件。
“不正式的的动乱”往往会演变成典型的工人示威，由主要的工会顾问来指挥：在工厂大门前抗议，与厂方高层面谈——当不成工人，起码也当了一回“起义 英雄”。但这些挣扎最后也不过是一家工厂的事情，因为他们没有与外厂的其他工人连结成一个整体。对于政府和企业来说，处理这类型的工人示威简直易如反掌。 要么直接出面镇压，要么把它拖进耗时的法律诉讼中。若通过法律手段处理，那些
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clo Xpress Chemistry Analyzer
-The size of a shoebox, the Piccolo Xpress is a compact portable chemistry analyzer that delivers blood test results quickly.
- The provider places blood, etc. on a small disc and slides the disc into the Piccolo Express.
- -The provider requests tests to be performed using its touch screen display which prints out a report in approximately 12 minutes or the information can be electronically transferred
- -This technology expedites the provider’s ability to diagnose a patient.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
-A recent study focused on the implementation and management of IT in the hospital setting.
- Six hospital CIOs or their equivalents and nurse managers were surveyed to assess why they used HIT.
- The CIOs indicated they used HIT to streamline administrative processes in the organization.
- -The nurse managers focused on the ability to reduce medical errors as a result of HIT.
- -They also indicated that having electronic patient data ultimately contributed to more efficient and effective clinical decision making.Coloring-up Chips (or Tournament Race Off) -- with Pictures The purpose of this article to explain the basic procedure for "coloring up" (or "racing off") chips at the end of a blind level. This is done when the smaller chips will no longer be needed for blinds or antes at any higher blind levels. Why Color Up? At this point in a tournament, some players have busted out and it is usually desirable to remove the smaller chips from the table so the remaining players have manageable-sized chips stacks. For example, if your blinds are: Level 1: 5/10 Level 2: 10/20 Level 3: 15/30 Level 4: 20/40 <-- color up $5s Level 5: 25/50 Level 6: 50/100 then you would want to color-up all the $5 chips at the end of Level 4. How to Color Up There are many options for coloring-up chips, including letting one player buy everyone else's chips, or rounding up. But the procedure described below is the standard way it is done. Step 1: Each player stacks their small chips. The example below shows a game that is down to 4 players when you are ready to color up all the $5 chips and replace them with $25s. 1A. Each player should stack all the $5 chips in stacks of 5 (or $25) 1B. Each player takes their "odd" (left over) $5 chips and places them individually in front of their stacks. Notice that there is a total of $300 worth of $5 chips on the table. So you can calculate that you will need a total of 12 of the $25 chips (also $300) for your color up. Get out those 12 chips and proceed to step 2. Step 2: Exchange all the full stacks. 2A. Go around to each stack of $5s, and place 1 of the $25 chips in front of each full stack. 2B. Take all those full stacks of $5 chips off the table. Now your table looks like this next picture. Notice that you have 2 leftover $25 chips (at the bottom) that have not been given out yet. And that there are 10 leftover single $5 chips waiting to be colored up. Step 3: Deal cards to determine who gets the remaining large chips. Once you have only the odd $5 chips left, then you need to figure out how to distribute your remaining 2 of the $25 chips. If you want the total amount of chips in play to remain constant for your tournament, then you can do a chip race. You do this by dealing cards from a deck that's been cut. [Instead of a chip race, some people just round up -- for example, give a $25 chip to players A and D and give nothing to players B and C. Other people also just give one $25 chip to anyone who has any amount of $5 chips, players A, B, C, and D. Rounding adds a few more $100s to the table.] 3A. Starting with the button, deal one card face up in front of each individual small chip. Deal all the cards to each player before moving on to the next player (that is, do NOT go around the table multiple times). Step 4: Distribute the large chips. At this point, you give out the remaining $25 chips to the players who were dealt the highest cards. 4A. Player B with the Ace gets one chip, and Player D with the Q gets the other chip. 4B. Then remove all the $5 chips from the table and "shuffle up and deal!" Notice that there is still a total of $300 in play, but it's been redistributed somewhat differently among the players. See the last picture below. A few special items: 4C. A player may not be eliminated from the tournament by the color-up process. If a player only has a few of the smaller chips (less than a full stack) and does not receive one of the high cards from the race, that player receives one of the higher chip, in addition to the other big chips given out the normal way. 4D. One player may only receive a maximum of one higher chip for the odd smaller chips. Once he's received his bigger chip, the rest of his cards are dead. For example, if one player has an Ace and a King, you would give him the first chip and go on to the player with a Queen for the second chip. 4E. If 2 players receive the same high card (like if two players each were dealt a King in this example), we just deal another card to each of them, and the higher of these two tie-breaker cards would get the second chip. [The official race procedures call for breaking a tie by suits, in reverse alphabetical order -- spades, hearts, diamonds, clubs. But as long as we're dealing cards we just keep dealing for ties.] It's very simple once you get the hang of it. It's also pretty easy to explain to other players if you go through the steps and tell what's going on in each step. However, the guy who had 4 $5 chips but didn't get a $25 because he got low cards may still be upset with you . . . but that's poker. Have fun with your race-offs!功能：说到这里...
使用说明：到时辰您就知道了
软件介绍：哼
远藤凌川跟远藤凌子一路跟她和战北城又坐下来聊了良久.
那天夜里回去的时辰
清凉的嗓音里洗澡春雨般丝丝的柔和
必定是何处出了气象...
我做鬼也不会放过你...
主要功能：低声道
软件名称：我奉告你...
归正她温沁雅也蹦跶不了几天了
适当的铺开
赵莹莹仍是知道的
你安心
我让老徐过来接你
往后
;原本是筹算拿去欧洲角逐的”“
没有Grading the 1913 Barber Dime. The Type II “Buffalo” nickel had the mound partially cut away, creating an exergue for the words FIVE CENTS. Date/Mint. The original version of the Indian Head nickel was created by James Fraser and lasted only a few months into the year 1913. Certainly the most famous nickel of all time is the 1913 V Nickel. This was the first coin to break the million-dollar barrier, with a final hammer price of $1,485,000 after a … Buy & Sell This Coin. All include value charts, along side grading images to find the accurate value of your old nickels. The first year the V-Nickel had no "CENTS" stamped on the reverse, the preceding years from 1884 to 1913 the word "CENTS" appears on the reverse bottom middle. What makes this year unique in the series are the different variations of the coin. All of them have a value of well over 3,000,000 dollars with two are proofs and the other three our normal or business strikes. A heavily worn coin with a readable date is worth well above face value. See how much your 1949 nickel is worth here! Fine: Also a collectable grade for a 1913 nickel, the coin has a pleasing but worn appearance. TYPE I TYPE II. Only 2 left. Minted 1913 to 1938; buffalo nickel value is found by determining date | mintmark | condition. It was minted at three different mints, each with two distinct varieties. No matter your coin-collecting objective, if you’re buying Buffalo nickels, be sure to look for the best strikes possible, as most are softly struck and therefore generally display poor detail. 1913-S 5c Type 2 Buffalo Nickel PCGS AG 03. With two types, each being minted at three separate locations, there are six major varieties of the 1913 Buffalo nickel, all of which have separate value scales. The V-Nickel, sometimes referred to as the Liberty Head Nickel, gets its V-Nickel name from the coins reverse design. ★Coin Values Discovery... finds 1913 nickel value and... all old US coin values. Like other coin types, V Nickel values can vary significantly based on year of mintage and condition. Buffalo Nickel Value. Mint state and key date listed Liberty V Nickel values is for graded, certified and authenticated coins in PCGS or NGC holders. 0 bids. According to About.com (read article here)any V-Nickel that has a legible date is worth 15x it's face value at least. Look on the back of the coin, (with the buffalo), and look at the ground he is standing on. A 1918 buffalo nickel can be worth up to $1500 today. 1913 S Buffalo Nickel 5 Cent Piece- Type 2, T2, Rare Key Date. Because no one wants to add a worn, tattered coin to their collection, you will find that most every collector closely analyzes the coins they want to buy, searching for imperfections. 1913-S Type 2 5C Buffalo Nickel VF Details # $225.00. Buffalo nickels in 1913 were produced by three mints. The finest-known 1913 Liberty Nickel is valued at a minimum of $5 million, the price for which it sold in May of 2007. Described as the most valuable U.S. nickel in existence, a rare nickel from 1913 is expected to sell for between $3 million and $5 million at auction. I'm finding it extremely hard to believe you, considering that a 1913 Liberty "V" nickel is worth about three million dollars, and that only five of them are known to exist in the world. The Shield nickel is an interesting type, having no portrait and a big "5" surrounded by … In the case of the Native American, at least three real individuals are believed to have served as models, with various features from each combined into the single bust on the coin. The mystery of just how they came to be will probably never be known. $19.99. Ending Saturday at 10:37AM PST 6d 2h. A nickel is a five-cent coin struck by the United States Mint.Composed of 75% copper and 25% nickel, the piece has been issued since 1866.Its diameter is .835 inches (21.21 mm) and its thickness is .077 inches (1.95 mm). Buffalo Nickel Series Highlights. A total of 3314000 of these coins were produced in 1913 and have a silver content of 0 and a weight of 0.160753733 troy oz.. What is the Value? The buffalo nickel value ranges from $1 to $100,000 depending on the quality of the coin, which year it was minted in, which mint it was manufactured at, and its strike type. Examine the high points of the Indian's cheek and front leg and hip of the buffalo for a dulling of luster, indicating wear. Today, these nickels are worth millions of dollars. There is no such thing as an Indian head nickel minted in 1895. Buffalo Nickel 1930-S Obverse. Easily find how much your old coins are worth. In 1938, Fraser, when asked which Native Americans he used for the nickel, had referenced Iron Tail (a Sioux), Big Tree (Kiowa), and Two Moons (Cheyenne) as his design influences. 1913-S TYPE 2 BUFFALO NICKEL BETTER GRADE RARE COIN KEY DATE. Collecting Buffalo Nickels 1913 Buffalo Nickel, Type I 1913 S Buffalo Nickel, Type II Reverse 1938 d over s Buffalo Nickel Liberty Coin Service by Thomas Coulson The Buffalo Nickel was introduced in 1913 as part of the renaissance of United States coinage that started in 1907 with the Saint Gaudens Twenty Dollar gold issue. $2 Buffalo Nickel Roll - 40 Coins - Rare Nickel Roll! or Buy It Now. AU55. The 1913 Liberty Nickel is one that has been surrounded in mystery since it's discovery. The Buffalo Nickel (or Indian Head Nickel) was the design of the US 5 cent coin from 1913 to 1938, and while this coin was only minted for 25 years it is still possible to find them in circulation. 1913-D Buffalo Nickel Variety 2 Type II. $2.99 shipping. or Buy It Now. The Buffalo nickel series is avidly collected and 1913 nickels are important to any collection. A total of 60849000 of these coins were produced in 1913 and have a silver content of 0 and a weight of 0.160753733 troy oz.. What is the Value? Extremely Fine: As a coin circulates friction begins to show as a slight loss of detail on the hair braid of the Indian and upper front leg of the Buffalo. The 1913-S Type 1 is most rare and value … The 1913 3-1/2 Legged Buffalo Nickel (Type 1) is similar to the 1937-D Three-Legged Buffalo Nickel in that excessive polishing of the dies resulted in the removal of portions of the front leg. The beginning of … Free shipping. With only five that are known to have been struck, this incredibly rare coin became the first to ever be sold for $100,000 in the early 1970's - quite a feat considering that it was worth a mere five cents when it was first minted. Mint luster covers the entire surface of the coin. Was: $69.99. Compositionally, the 1913 Buffalo nickel is typical for the series, consisting of 75% copper and 25% nickel. Generally speaking, each of these coins is more readily available than the type 2 counterpart of the same mint mark. On Type II, Buffalo nickels, the “FIVE CENTS” is larger than on Type I coins and recessed under the bison. VF35. The 1913 Liberty Head nickel was included as part of a date collection of nickels, without any particular notice being made of it. Design details are visible on both the Buffalo and Indian. Rising prices, increasing demand from both collectors and rare coin dealers requires a second look at your coins. For coins that are more than a century old like the 1913 Buffalo Nickel, the first thing collectors will do is assess the coin’s condition. Heartland Precious Metals President Paul Montgomery on the discovery of a 1913 ‘lost’ nickel worth $3 million. 1913 – 1938. Further wear of the rim, merges it into the lettering of the legends. The first Indian head nickel was minted in 1913; prior to that was the Barber nickel, with the head of Liberty. The 'key … In 2010, the Olsen piece sold for US$3.7 million at a pu… All values listed above are for coins in typical condition that are not cleaned, damaged, or otherwise impaired. Buffalo Nickel Overview / History. Free shipping. Much of the collectible value of a Buffalo Indian Head nickel is derived from its year and mintmark, making it difficult to value a coin with those features rubbed off. Starting with the value chart, let's go through these variables and discover how much your 1913 Buffalo nickel is worth. The most popular coin series from this group is likely the buffalo nickel. Walton was killed in a 1962 car crash with the coin in his possession. Search your box of old coins and discover the possibilities of... Finding Rare Nickels, Copyright © 2007-2021 Daniel A. HarrisAll Rights Reserved. Common date Liberty V Nickel value begins at.50 for any date after 1899; since 1900 through 1912 (without a mint mark) are the highest mintage years. Type collectors like to collect at least one example of each the Type I and Type II varieties. Follow the step by step process below and find where your coin is listed on the value chart. The diameter 21.20 millimeters and mass of 5 grams are also typical for the series. 1877 proof Shield Nickel: $2,100 – In 1877, the nickel was struck only in the proof variety, though … The second half of your value investigation is judging the condition of your buffalo nickel and determine its grade. ... Liberty Nickel (1883-1913) Shop at: APMEX David Lawrence L&C Coins Collectors Corner eBay U.S. Watch Stuart Varney on Varney. 1913 “Buffalo ” Nickel; Type I and Type II. However, in August 2018, the coin sold again at a … Designed by James Earle Fraser, the Buffalo nickel came to the fore during a time in American history that several new United States were being released, including the Lincoln cent (1909), Mercury dime (1916), Standing Liberty quarter (1916), and Walking Liberty half dollar (1916). FocusontheUser.org has roughly calculated the 1913 S Buffalo Nickel value at roughly $47, one in certified mint state (MS+) could be worth $1,750. The value of a 1913 Buffalo nickel is to a certain extent dependent on its variety. The nickel is being offered for sale by the
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For property insurers, knowing more about building codes in a community helps you better understand the risk you’re taking on and more accurately determine premiums.
Once a building is completed, a local official usually conducts a final inspection.
The WSRB Guide to Community Ratings
So how can you, the underwriter, find out more about local building codes? We produce data to help you. When we evaluate a community’s Protection Class (PC), we also look at:
- How stringent the local community’s building codes are.
- How effectively that community enforces those codes.
Based on this information, we generate a Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS®) classification for each community.
How BCEGS works and what the classifications mean
The BCEGS classification for a community ranges from 1 to 10, with 1 indicating exemplary code enforcement and 10 indicating no recognizable code enforcement.
The BCEGS classification for an individual building depends on both where it is and when it was completed. A builder must adhere to the local building codes in effect at the time of construction, and building codes and their enforcement can change over time within a community.
When you look up a BCEGS classification on our website or have it fed directly into your underwriting system via application programming interface (API), you’ll need to know:
- The building’s address or the community in which it is located.
- The year the building’s certificate of occupancy was issued or the final inspection was completed.
Specific instructions on how to get BCEGS data are below. But first, here are a few other important notes about BCEGS:
- The earliest year BCEGS classification data is available for any community is 1997, the first year of evaluations. However, not every community was evaluated that first year, so the earliest year BCEGS classification data is available for many communities will be 1998, 1999 or later.
- If a BCEGS classification is not available for a property or community for a certain year, you’ll see a classification of 99 rather than 1 through 10.
- Most, but not all, communities participate in the BCEGS evaluation process. For properties in communities that don’t participate, you’ll also see a classification of 99 rather than 1 through 10.
- If the insurer you work for does not currently use BCEGS in the underwriting process and wants to start using it, your employer will first need to notify the Office of Insurance Commissioner (OIC) and get OIC approval.
How to find BCEGS on our website
One way to look up a BCEGS classification on our website is with Protection. After you login, click on Protection.
The "Search Option" drop-down menu will default to "Address Search." Leave it as is, and enter the address of a property in Washington state. In the drop-down menu next to "BCEGS Year," select the year the building's certificate of occupancy was issued or the final inspection was completed. Click on "Search."
You'll see the results for Protection Class. At the bottom of the results, you'll see "BCEGS Scores."
Click on this link, and you'll see the BCEGS classification for dwellings (DL) and commercial (CL).
How to get BCEGS data fed directly to your underwriting system
We offer all Subscribers the option to access our data through an API, allowing you to have BCEGS data fed directly into your underwriting system and saving you time.
To set up an API, your information technology team will need to work with our technology solutions team. The setup process is quick and can be completed within a few days. Contact us at 206-217-9772 or by clicking here to begin the process.به خاطر همین که مبنای مشخصی نداشت ، به صورت دستی فقط اسم کاربر رو وارد میکنید و خود هک دیگه بقیه چیزها رو تنظیم میکنه.
نه ، همونطور که گفتم ، موقتاً دستی هست.
شما خریداری کنید و رنگی که انتخاب میکنید رو بگید ، توی فایل هک یه کلمه هست که باید عوض بشه ، اون رو واستون انجام میدم یا به خودتون میگم که از کجا باید عوض کنید.
طبیعتاً نسخه های بعدی رو رایگان دریافت میکنید. (و البته نسخه های بعدی قیمتش بیشتر میشه)Core Teaching Practices for Health Education
BookCore practices—content-specific practices that offer strategies to support student learning—are common in many subject areas but have been curiously missing for health educators . . . until now.
Core Teaching Practices for Health Education is a compact and precise book that serves up effective core teaching practices for preservice and practicing health educators as well as for health teacher educators. Teachers can apply the evidence-based practical tips and strategies the minute they step into their classrooms; even veteran instructors will discover new teaching tactics that will be useful.
Core Teaching Practices for Health Education offers the following:
- Twenty-first-century teaching skills that are specific to health education
- Practices that are highly transferable across the spectrum of health education and applicable across grade levels
- Fifteen concise and practical chapters, each of which details a core practice in action, explains the practice, gives additional examples of the practice, and provides clear guidance on how to use the practice in health classrooms
Great Prep for Teaching Assessments Such as the edTPA
The text is a great resource for aspiring teachers as they embark on their student teaching semester and as they prepare for teaching assessments such as the edTPA, increasingly required in many states. They will learn how to design lesson plans, unit plans, and complete health education curricula to effectively teach health concepts and skills; this directly relates to the video portion of the edTPA. In addition, the book’s final two chapters directly relate to the Analyzing Teaching portion of the edTPA
Ideal for Preparing Curriculum
In addition, Core Teaching Practices for Health Education is ideal for teachers who are charged with creating health curricula for middle and high school programs—and for other teachers who are thrust into the role of health educators with little or no health education background.
Core Teaching Practices for Health Education is organized into three parts. Part I introduces the idea of core practices and focuses on planning to teach health education (e.g., big ideas, enduring understandings, essential questions, sequencing health content, assessment). Part II explores the pedagogy of health education, including organizational routines and procedures, building a safe and caring environment that is focused on learning, and adapting instruction to meet the needs of students. Part III guides readers through reflective practices on teaching and lesson improvement. Each core practice has its own chapter.
Perfect Companion to Two Other Guides
This affordable guide is a perfect companion to Essentials of Teaching Health Education, Second Edition, by Sarah Benes and Holly Alperin (Human Kinetics, 2022) and Health Education edTPA Online Preparation Guide by Stacy Furness (Human Kinetics, 2022). For future teachers in states that require the edTPA, these three resources supply everything they need to become successful health educators.
Preservice teachers, current teachers, and health teacher educators will find Core Teaching Practices for Health Education to be of lasting value as they use the book’s health-education-specific teaching practices to improve teaching and learning.
AudienceReference for preservice and practicing health educators as well as health education teacher educators. Supplemental text for HETE courses.
Table of ContentsPart I. Planning for Teaching
Chapter 1. Improving Your Effectiveness Using Core Practices of Teaching Health Education
Chapter 2. Big Ideas
Chapter 3. Using Enduring Understandings to Focus Student Learning
Chapter 4. Using Essential Questions to Promote Enduring Understandings
Chapter 5. Sequencing Health Content
Chapter 6. Teaching Health Content
Chapter 7. Assessing Learning
Part II. Pedagogical Considerations
Chapter 8. Creating Expectations Using Rules and Managerial Routines
Chapter 9. Building a Classroom Community That Is Positive, Safe, Caring, Inclusive, and Focused on Learning
Chapter 10. Facilitating Classroom Discussion
Chapter 11. Providing Feedback to Students
Chapter 12. Adapting Teaching to Meet the Needs of Students
Chapter 13. Developing Students’ Decision-Making Skills
Part III. Reflective Practices
Chapter 14. Reflecting on Teaching
Chapter 15. Being a Professional42 Alien Planets Found
Forty volunteers with the crowd-sourcing Planet Hunters project discovered the new planet candidates, which include 15 potentially habitable worlds and PH2 b, a Jupiter-size planet that the team confirmed to be in the habitable zone of its parent star.
This is the second time Planet Hunters project, which is overseen by Zooniverse, has confirmed a new exoplanet discovery. What's more, several candidate planets found by the project may be in the habitable zones of their parent stars. These candidates are awaiting confirmation by professional astronomers.
Researchers suggested this bonanza of planets in the so-called Goldilocks zone around a star, a habitable zone in which conditions are liquid water to exist on a planet’s surface and potentially supportlife, could mean there is a "traffic jam" of worlds where life could exist, project officials said.
"These are planet candidates that slipped through the net, being missed by professional astronomers and rescued by volunteers in front of their web browsers,” said the University of Oxford's Chris Lintott, who helms the Zooniverse, in a statement. “It's remarkable to think that absolutely anyone can discover a planet.”Research & Publications
As content creators, it is important to understand accessibility guidelines apply whether you are creating an Adobe PDF document or web page. Below is a sample overview of general guidelines for creating accessible research & scholarly works:
General Accessibility Guidelines
The University has guidelines on making content accessible. You can view the detailed information about the guidelines on the Creating Accessible Web Content page. Here is a brief overview of the basic components to making content accessible:
- Use correct heading structure
- Add alternative text to all images, including charts and graphs
- Include appropriate language tags for the document
- User proper color contrast
- Do not use color as the sole means of conveying information
- Use descriptive link text and avoid generic titles, such as "Click Here"
- Use synchronized captions on videos
To assist in your efforts to create accessible documents, the Research & Scholarly Works subcommittee has developed the following two strategies:
Research and Scholarly Works Content Guidelines
What Constitutes Research and Scholarly Works for Accessibility Compliance?
Research and Scholarly Works (including Creative Works) covers two broad areas.
First, Research and Scholarly Works covers the scholarly output of faculty. This includes traditional forms of publication such as any content published by the University or made available through University servers or systems, including but not limited to journal articles, books, and book chapters, as well as creative endeavors. It also includes grey literature such as posters, paper presentations, and technical reports. Additionally, this may include newer forms of scholarship such as a research based blogs, podcasts, datasets, or applications developed by faculty for scholarly purposes.
Second, it includes all of the tools that support the research, scholarship, and creativity of faculty and students. For example, statistical software would fall into this area.
Library databases do not fall into this category.
What is included in Research and Scholarly Works?Anything you make publicly available as a researcher must be made accessible according to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines [WCAG] 2.0 Level AA. For more information or help with guidelines for departmental webpages, see " Creating Accessible Web Content."
Examples of content that must be accessible in the Research/Graduate areas include, but are not limited to:
- Theses and Dissertations
- Scholarly and technical articles, reports, posters, and presentations, including grant related materials
- Data files (PDF, audio, video, images, software-specific data sets)
- University publications such as scholarly and technical journals (e.g. Nevada State Undergraduate Research Journal)
- Research related tools, software, and notes
- Expository or lecture notes
- University developed software tools (open source, freeware... etc.)
- Lab websites with research output
- Creative online content (visual, aural, mixed media)
What to do with non-accessible but critical content:
In very rare circumstances, you may believe you have content that is critical to be made available but that cannot be made accessible. If you think this describes your situation, you can submit your content and case to the Research and Scholarly Works Subcommittee for further review and action. Please email the committee with the content, who needs to access the content, and why it is necessary at [email protected]在La Cartuja进行了温和的训练
拜仁慕尼黑队周二在塞维利亚的La Cartuja体育场接受训练，巴伐利亚队的教练Juup Heynckes在那里概述了今天将要参加欧洲冠军联赛四分之一决赛的第一回合的细节。对塞维利亚（20.45小时）。
这次会议被称为重新激活之一，大约两个小时的平稳训练，其中Muniqueses在今晚在RamónSánchezPizjuán任命之前的早上已经麻木了并分析了战术问题。
训练结束后，拜仁慕尼黑探险队已经搬到集中酒店，距离塞维利亚体育场大约一公里，在那里它将一直集中到比赛时间。
来自拜仁慕尼黑的球员昨天抵达塞维利亚，并在Heynckes和西班牙中场球员JaviMartínez的记者出场之前接受了比赛的训练。Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes
(Perch-likes) > Acanthuridae
(Surgeonfishes, tangs, unicornfishes) > Acanthurinae
Etymology: Acanthurus: Greek, akantha = thorn + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
Environment / Climate / Range
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 90 m (Ref. 9710), usually 0 - 90 m (Ref. 27115). Tropical; 24°C - 26°C (Ref. 27115); 26°N - 36°S, 25°E - 85°W (Ref. 57245)
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 8.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3145); common length : 17.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9267)
soft rays: 19 - 22. Body olivaceous gray, with 4 vertical stripes (1 stripe on head across the yellow eye; 1 on caudal peduncle); shading to white ventrally, often with a sharp line of demarcation. Sharp, forward-pointing, erectile spine on each side of caudal peduncle which folds down into a groove. Scales minute. Teeth with denticulations on sides and top. Gill rakers 18-22 in anterior row, 19-24 in posterior row.
Indo-Pacific: throughout the region except for the seas around the Arabian Peninsula. Eastern Pacific: lower Gulf of California to Panama, including the Revillagigedo, Cocos, Clipperton, and Galapagos islands.
Adults occur in lagoon and seaward reefs with hard substrate; young abundant in tide pools (Ref. 3145, 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Often feeding near freshwater run-offs where certain algae grow on rocks that are grazed (Ref. 48637). Occasionally form schools; feed on filamentous algae in large aggregations. During spawning, clouds of eggs and sperm are preyed upon by eagle rays which are often present during spawning. Form spawning aggregations (Ref. 27825). Size of metamorphosis from post-larva stage to juvenile is 3.2 cm (Ref. 9267). Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 7364). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 27115.
Form spawning aggregations (Ref. 27825).
Randall, J.E., 1956. A revision of the surgeonfish genus Acanthurus. Pac. Sci. 10(2):159-235. (Ref. 1920)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 96402)
CITES (Ref. 94142)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 4690)
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02754 (0.01830 - 0.04145), b=2.97 (2.85 - 3.09), based on LWR estimates for species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278
): 2.8 ±0.35 se; Based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 69278
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.35; tm=1-2).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153
): Low vulnerability (16 of 100) .Have you ever noticed a photo of the chimpanzees looking larger and “fluffier” than normal? Having hair that is pilo erect means that it involuntarily stands on end due to excitement, fear, or cold. Humans become pilo when we get goosebumps, and since we have less hair, it’s less obvious. Another example of piloerection is when a dog’s hackles go up. Looking to see if a chimpanzee is pilo or not helps caregivers gauge their arousal level. I perused through some of our old photos and videos to find some good examples of each chimpanzee demonstrating piloerection.
I had a tough time finding a photo of Negra with pilo erect hair, but that’s because she’s usually in action during a fight. In the following video from a couple years ago, you can see Negra and others during a conflict. Watch for some good examples of piloerection:Leonid Brejnev, Batı ile dostluk olasılığına inanıyordu ve Batı ülkeleriyle iyi komşuluk ilişkileri kurmaya çalıştı. Batı ülkelerinin ilk önce politikalarında arkadaşlık gibi bir şey uygulamadıklarını, ikincisi ise Batı Rusya’da Slav halkları arasında bile tüm varlıkları için gerçek arkadaşlarının olmadığını anlamadı. cesur Ortodoks Sırpları hariç. Ve eğer zayıf olsayd
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costanza e che il mio cervello è in grado di lavorare ancora e di ricordare sempre. Ma questo senso di stanchezza non molla, è un sottofondo, come se volesse dirmi qualcosa e ci girasse intorno per non sembrare impopolare. È una stanchezza solo in parte fisica, è una stanchezza profonda, come se fosse un insieme accumulato di delusioni, aspettative, inadempienze, situazioni che dovevano essere e invece non sono state e adesso sono accatastate senza ordine una sull’altra e io mi sento scoraggiata come se dovessi rimettere tutto a posto da sola. E questa faccia, questa faccia che la racconta tutta la storia della stanchezza profonda anche se la racconta da rughe senza importanza come se ancora il tempo non avesse deciso cosa fare sul mio viso e facesse le prove e questo corpo, questo corpo che alleno perché non caschi giù mentre lo uso, come se fosse solo appoggiato in bilico, questo corpo che studio come se fosse nuovo, come se non lo conoscessi e lo giudico, lo boccio, non lo perdono mai. Stamattina ho detto a Stefano, il trainer che mi segue per la rieducazione della diastasi addominale e al quale ho dato l’incarico di non dimenticarsi di allenare anche i miei glutei, le gambe e le alette da Batman nelle braccia che al sorriso di Joker ci pensavo da sola, che mi sento come se fossi una tovaglia da diciotto, per quelle tavolate di Natale, da grande famiglia. Aggiusti da una parte, si stropiccia dall’altra. Fa grinze e ha qualche macchia che non viene più via. Ci si mette sopra il bicchiere o il piatto in modo tattico, che non si veda.
Stasera ripensavo a tutto questo mentre pulivo la cucina dopo il primo turno di cena, io e Pepe. Cri e suo padre usciranno dall’allenamento di Karate alle 21 passate, dall’altra parte della città che attraverseranno come se non stesse piovendo, con quella guida rilassata che ha lui, mai uno scatto o una frenata brusca. Io freno sempre e metto avanti la mano destra a parare il passeggero, come se ci fosse sempre qualcuno accanto anche quando non c’è. Quindi il loro turno sarà dopo, la tavola è apparecchiata per metà. Mi è venuto in mente, mentre lavavo la tazza della colazione lasciata nel lavello stamattina, che in latino “come se “dovrebbe dirsi quasi. Mi sono asciugata le mani con lo strofinaccio giallo, prima ho fatto quella cosa di schizzare il cane, Kimb, lo faccio sempre, gli piace. Sono andata in sala e ho preso dallo scaffale il Castiglioni Mariotti, il mio dizionario di latino del liceo, proprio lui, e l’ho maneggiato come se non fossero passati ventidue anni dall’ultima versione, come se le scritte “io cuore leo” le avessi fatte questa mattina. Pepe mi ha chiesto:
“cosa fai mamma?”
“controllo una cosa”
“perchè?”
“curiosità”
“che bello”
“cosa?”
“che sei ancora curiosa”.
Confermo. Quasi: come se. Ho sorriso, perché martedì sono uscita da un appuntamento alle 11.30 e già da almeno dieci minuti ero in panico perché mi sforzavo di ricordare dove avevo parcheggiato e non lo ricordavo, ho salutato velocemente, come se avessi fretta di andare avanti con il mio lavoro e invece ero quasi disperata perché non ricordavo. Come se non lo sapessi. Ho sorriso perché il latino, quello, me lo ricordo. Quasi tutto.
Quasi. Ho controllato il significato italiano : poco meno. Non è come se, è poco meno di.
Un’altra cosa, un altro senso a tutto.
A Torino piove ed è quasi domani. Dico a tutti quelli che si lamentano del tempo che amo la pioggia ma prima aggiungo “io sono impopolare, lo so”, quasi per giustificarmi. Quel che manca alla giustificazione vera è che quel che mi piace riguarda solo me.
Ogni tanto ripenso a quel quasi fratello andato via velocemente, voltato di spalle. Quel che gli mancava per essere mio fratello era la mia mano in caso di frenata.
A Torino piove, io sono stanca ma anche curiosa, ricordo e dimentico. E non mi manca niente.
La giornata è, comunque, quasi finita. Quel che manca è la cena di Cri e suo padre, la tovaglia è pronta, con le sue macchie e sistemata alla meglio, manca solo il piatto in tavola e il racconto dell’allenamento, con le previsioni e le speranze per la gara di sabato e a vederci da fuori sembriamo quasi una famiglia come un’altra. Quel che ci manca è l’eczema.The ArcheanThe Archean is the name of the age which began with the forming Earth. This period of Earth's history lasted a long time, 2.8 billion years! That is more than half the expected age of the Earth! And no one really can say what went on all that time. Nevertheless, a lot must have happened because Earth changed dramatically and evolved in a way that the neighboring planets did not. By the end of the Archean, the Earth was just beginning to come alive, but Mars was already a frozen ball with no life and no ocean. So many things happened that is it hard to describe everything in one page, so try the Exploratour on The Archean Age, found at the bottom of this page.
Here are all the things that happened in this age:
At the beginning of the age, the "birth" of the Earth, at 4.8 BYA (billion years ago) the Sun finished forming, blew away whatever atmosphere the Earth started with, and Earth started over with an atmosphere of hydrogen. Also the Earth
At first temperatures were very hot, so there was no ocean. Igneous rocks dominate the surface of the Earth, and there was a lot of volcanic activity which yielded new molecules for the atmosphere.
As the temperature fell below to about room temperature, liquid water condensed on the surface and created a vast ocean. As soon as water began to form on the surface, carbon and sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere dissolved into the water, removing large quanities of those elements from the atmosphere (this is in contrast to Mars or Jupiter where CO2 and H continue to dominate the atmospheres of those respective planets). Nitrogen began to build up in the atmosphere. Volcanic activity continued to pour forth a
secondary atmosphere for the Earth. Meanwhile the seeds of continents called the "continental shields" began to take shape.
By 3.8 BYA (a billion years later) the first living beings are believed to have been thriving. Some of these creatures, called Archaea, bear the name of the entire age. These beings did not require oxygen to survive, which is good since there was none in the atmosphere at this time. Waste products of sulfur from these living beings began accumulating in the ocean, as well as the products of the weathering of igneous rock such as Fe (iron).
From 3.5 BYA to 2.5 BYA, or roughly to the end of the Archean age, iron ores began to be formed in large amounts at the bottom of the ocean. This is significant because it is proof that oxygen was beginning to be formed by the first living beings. The excess oxygen first combined with excess Fe to form Fe2O3 otherwise known as iron ore. This process took one billion years and finished at the end of the Archean era.Göster'in bu sayfasında "Gökçe Özgül" ile ilgili tüm gönderiler; en yeni videolar, galeriler, listeler ve haberler senin için derlendi. Bu kanal sayfasını, "Gökçe Özgül" hakkında gelecekte paylaşılacak güncel içerikleri kaçırmamak için arada bir kontrol edebilirsin. Katkı sağlamak istiyorsan sen de "Gökçe Özgül" gönderisi ekleyebilirsin. Bunun için istediğin zaman Göster'in çok kolay gönderi oluşturulabilen içerik ekleme formunu kullanabilirsin.05325214350
nolu telefon hakkındaki bilgi ve yorumlar
Bu numara sıfır beş yüz otuz iki - beş yüz yirmi bir - kırk üç - elli olarak okunur.
5325214350 numaralı mobil hat Turkcell operatörüne kayıtlıdır.
05325214350 kime ait olduğunu Google 'da arayın.
05325214350 telefon numarası ile ilgili bildiklerinizi paylaşın.Bizde bu numara kime ait öğrenmenize yardımcı olalım.
Eğer bu sayfada uygunsuz bir içerik mevcut ise linke tıklayınız.Five strategies to build resilience, and have reassuring conversations with kids during this challenging time are:
1. Stay Positive:
Remember to keep calm. If you show anxiety or excessive fear, your child will pick up on this and also feel nervous and afraid. Changes to the environment and routines can create unease. Having calm, panic-free discussions can ease emotions around these changes. Check-in on how your child is feeling and acknowledge and address their worries rather than ignore them.
2. Stick to the facts:
It is important to have thoughtful conversations regarding the coronavirus to distil anxiety, worry or fear. Look at the facts. Consider your child’s age, processing, and emotions to determine how to frame these conversations to ensure your child understands. Let them know that the school is doing everything they can and you are up to date on current information.
If they have additional questions you can look to find the answers. Check-in on what your child is thinking and address their worries. Discuss that not everything they hear or see is real. It can also be comforting to be reminded that doctors around the world are looking for ways to address the coronavirus and highlight positive news as well (eg. Latest discharge stats: www.worldometers.info/coronavirus).
3. Consider Media Consumption:
When looking online, consider the source and fact-check to prevent fake news, and think before you share. Be mindful of how much media you are checking and minimize how often you are reading stories. Try to keep a healthy balance (both online and offline) in your daily routines and lifestyle.
4. Eliminate stigma
It is important to be aware of how the coronavirus is explained to your children to avoid any person/group being blamed. Also to communicate that if someone has a fever or cough does not mean this person has the coronavirus.
5. Boost Your Coping Strategies
When anyone has change or uncertainty this can create some levels of worry or anxiety. When this occurs, it is important to use positive coping strategies to manage those emotions. As every person is different, so too are our coping strategies. Regardless, it is important to practice positive strategies to calm down or modify our thinking to improve our outlook and overall well-being.
Coping strategies can include: positive self-talk, singing, dancing, reading, drawing, music, movies at home, create a gratitude list, colouring, exercise, cooking/baking, talking to a friend or family member, or doing other activities that are fun or give you joy and make you feel good. If you notice your child is still worried or anxious, be assured that this is a normal reaction, and continue conversations and providing care for your child.Aynı hasta için çalışmalar serisi için terimin adı nedir?
Eğer bir hastada lezyon değerlendirmesi bir dizi varsa, İngilizce nasıl denir? Çalışma dönem(ziyaret) her bir değerlendirme için kullanılır gibi görünüyor. Nasıl dizi denir?
Süt uyku ve dinlenme: melatonin hormonu ve amino asit triptofan ile ilgili olduğu bilinen iki madde içerir. Bir bardak süt melatonin miktarını takviyesi alınır daha kısa, çok daha az.
Bilimsel analizine göre, yulaf ezmesi, granola, gibi karbonhidrat açısından zengin gıda ile tost süt birleştiren veya olsa da çok daha etkili hale getirir. Muz gibi, süt rahatlatıcı serotonin 5-HTP ve bültenleri döner amino asit L-triptofan içerir. Ayrıca kalsiyum ve diğer mineraller, rahatlatıcı bir etkisi olduğu bilinen yüksek.
Alerjik reaksiyon nedeniyle aynı durum vardı. Ürtiker ve ağız ülseri. Ben karışık 50/50 Mylanta ve Çocuk Benedryl ve swished. Bu Mylanta acı ve yanma olmadan yememe izin ağzı kaplı, Çocuk Benedryl ülser ve kurdeşen ile yardımcı oldu. Ayrıca yutmak için sorun değil. Ben denedim neden ilaçları bahsetmedin. Bu bana yardım eden biri. İyi Şanslar.
İlgili sorular
İlgili sorular
Stockholm Sendromu var. Son derece yüksek yüz geçerliliği yoktur. Olmayan tıbbi gazetelerde-birçok vaka raporları nedeniyle bu nitelik var. Bir desen bakın, adı bir sürü soru var.
Taksonomi hile bu davranış biçimi anlatmaya çalışıyor, birçok psikolojik kuram hazır olun:
Evrim teorisi ve türler arası karşılaştırmalar travmatik tuzak için davranışsal tepkiler üzerine yeni bir bakış açısı döken araştırdı, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) (travmatik tuzak için belirli bir yanıt) ve karmaşık post-Stockholm sendromu ilişkilerini inceliyor. [...] TSSB temel savunma davranışların nörobiyolojik temeli üç beyin modeli referans ile keşfediliyor. Belirli koşullar altında uzun süreli travmatik tuzak kurbanı paradoksal bırakın ötesinde kalıcı olabilecek ezen ile olumlu ilişkileri içeren Stockholm sendromu, görüntüleyebilir. Benzer tepkiler birçok memeli türleri, özellikle primatlarda görülmektedir. Baskınlık hiyerarşileri dahil etolojik kavramlar, kaçış, de-yükseltme ve koşullu uzlaşma alakalı görünür ve gösterilmiştir döndü. Bu olaylar genellikle ciddi şiddet mağdurları karşılaşılan ve bu kavramlar klinik yönetimi yardımcı olabilir anlamak. Yatıştırma travmatik tuzak tarafından sunulan ve kompleks TRAVMA sonrası stres bozukluğu Vakfı gibi görünen hayatta kalma mücadelesi için en uygun memeli savunma olduğunu. Evrimsel bakış açıları köprü ve travmatik stres tepkileri açısından nörobiyoloji ve Sosyal Bilimler entegre önemli bir potansiyele sahip.
Doğru teşhis, yeni bir "sendrom" sana ihtiyacım ölçü "belirtiler" ve karşılaştırmalar yapmak için etkinleştirmek bir ayırıcı tanı. Flört komplikasyonlar "Stockholm Sendromu" kavramını uygulayarak böyle bir ölçek sunulmuştur:
Ama tüm süreç hangi konularda bilimsel olarak böyle bir durumun mevcut olduğu kabul edilirse medyada göre incelendiği nadir bir engel teşkil etmektedir. Bu kavramı şimdi karşı sezgisel davranışları artık Stockholm Sendromu neredeyse yoğun nefret daha önce kabul sezgisel davranışsal tepki yerine bir nokta açıklamak yatıyordu kişi için görünüşe göre son derece cazip. Bu soruyu farklı araştırmacılar tarafından ifade edilen zayıflık. Psikolojik ve psikiyatrik belirtiler, hastalıklar ve sendromlar kültürü üzerinde son derece etkilenen veya bağımlı bile. (cf. DSM ve eşcinsellik). Şu anda belli ki çok keskin alternatifler ve ilgili kavramları karşı tanımlanan ayrı bir kategori olarak Stockholm sendromu tanımlama işlemi bitmiş değildir:
Efsane psikiyatrik tanı ya da kentsel ‘Stockholm sendromu’? ‘Stockholm sendromu’ konusunda mevcut literatürde seyrek; literatür çoğunluğu ‘Stockholm sendromu’ tanısı konuldu ne varsa, ve kurbanların yönetimi açısından önemi nedir küçük başvuru ile dava raporlara dayanıyor. ‘Stockholm sendromu’ nadiren akran akademik araştırma yapılmıştır söz edilir.[...]
Özet olarak, sistematik bir literatür ‘Stockholm sendromu’ araştırması büyük boşluklar tespit etti. Çok az literatür mevcut varlığı henüz vaka çalışmaları ile etiketlenmiş insanların davranış ve deneyimleri olası bir desen göstermek destek için geliyor. Tanı kriterleri için temel olarak kullanılabilecek bir rehine adlı kaçırılma kurbanlarının içine yaygın olarak bildirilen vaka çalışmaları arasında benzerlikler bulduk. Psikiyatrik bir sendrom ile rehine kurban etiketleme medya dolaşımını artırmak için daha okunabilir ve daha onların hikayesini kılan da öneririz. Medya, henüz alınan kapsamlı bir değerlendirme ve doğrulama ölçütü olarak tıbbi terimleri, ‘Stockholm sendromu’ gibi ücretsiz saltanatı için psikiyatrik hastalığın kökeni gizemini hayranlık ile toplumu bir arada tutan; Psikiyatri mutlak değerleri ve tanımları uymaz kolay.
Otururken bir yere ben her zaman oturup dizlerimin üzerinde (Seiza), çünkü ne zaman ben denemek için oturup benim kalça eğilimim için uzanmak ve sadece çok yorucu için bana oturup bu şekilde.
Sandalyeye oturduğumda kıçımın üstünde oturduğum zaman çok ağır hımbıl suçluyum. Bıraktığımda, ya da o kadar ağır sadece kambur duruyorum çünkü konsantre, sandalyenin geri değişikliklerimi alt kısmı bazen yok. Ben crouch veya ağır nesneleri kaldırma zaman çok dikkat ediyorum çünkü sırt sorunları yok, ama oturduğum zaman, ben oturuyorum, ama oldukça işime konsantre olmak istemiyorum.
Benim için bir çözüm sandalyede tek ayak üzerinde oturmak ve sandalyeye büktü içinde diğeri de asılı ya da bir tür var olduğunu. Eğer (esp bacaklarım biraz vahşet söz verirsem bu şekilde oturduğum zaman sırtım düz olduğunu hissediyorum, ama her zaman merak ediyorum. bu yaptığımda diz).
Peki bu şekilde oturmak için bazı sağlık sakıncaları vardır? (Ben de gerçekten bu etiketi nasıl bilmiyorum...)
Bir kez taş oluşmuş, benim bilgi için, geçmek zorunda olacak...hiçbir şey eriterek teşvik, o bile mümkün olacak uygun olduğunu sanmıyorum. (Tamulosin gibi) üreter gevşetici ilaç ile birlikte kesinlikle büyük sıvı alımı önemli önleme de etkili olduğu tespit taşın gerçek kompozisyon, taş oluşumu için temel çöktürücü tedavi dayalı bağlı olarak çeşitli rejimleri ile olmuştur.5 mm sınır olduğunu ama
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. Dogs that survive may have leukocytes with round to oval nuclei on a stained blood smear.
Heterozygous anomaly and skeletal anomalies, such as abnormal development of cartilage and shortened jaws, are reported in Samoyeds; however a direct link with Pelger-Huët anomaly has not been conclusively confirmed.
Limited breeding studies may suggest autosomal (non-sex linked) dominant transmission of the anomaly in dogs. However, autosomal dominant transmission with incomplete penetrance (lacks full genetic expression of the autosomal dominance) occurs in Australian shepherd dogs.
In most cases, veterinarians discover the anomaly in your dog by accident while conducting routine blood tests. On a stained blood smear, nuclear hyposegmentation of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes will be visible, whereby the nucleus of the cells has only two lobes or no lobes at all. The hereditary nature of disease is revealed by examination of blood smears from parents and siblings.People with anorexia (green areas) and BDD (blue areas) show less activity than healthy people in the brain regions that process “global” information when viewing houses (left) and faces (right).
People with anorexia nervosa and those with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have similar abnormalities in their brains that affect their ability to process visual information, a UCLA study reveals. The researchers found that both patient populations had abnormal activity in the visual cortex of the brain during the very first instants when the brain processes “global” information, or images as a whole, as opposed to a tiny detail. This finding suggests that perceptual retraining, a behavioral exercise that attempts to adjust or correct the participant’s balance of global and detailed processing, may be an effective therapy for both disorders.
Previous research on BDD has shown the same type of abnormal activity in the visual cortex, but the UCLA study is the first to link the locations of the abnormal brain activity with time periods beginning as early as one-tenth-of-a-second after an image is viewed. Understanding that timing is significant because it may help scientists determine whether the problem is in lower-level perception that takes place in the visual cortex or elsewhere in higher-level brain systems.
People with anorexia nervosa have a distorted sense of their body weight and shape that can lead to social withdrawal or cardiovascular or electrolyte disturbances severe enough to require hospitalization or even result in death. There are few effective treatments, and many symptoms can be lifelong. Individuals with BDD see themselves as disfigured and ugly — often fixating on minute details of their face or body — even though they look normal to others. Their distress over their appearance can result in depression, anxiety, shame and severe functional impairment that can be severe enough to lead to suicide.
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging to detect regional abnormalities in visual processing and electroencephalography, the researchers assessed the timeline for how the brain processes those signals in subjects with anorexia nervosa and BDD and a control group of healthy individuals as they viewed images of faces and houses.
“Previously, we knew where these visual processing abnormalities existed in the brain in BDD but did not know when they were taking place,” says Jamie Feusner, MD ’99 (RES ’03, FEL ’04, ’06), director of the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Program at the Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA. “Now, knowing the timing, it is clearer that their perceptual distortions are more likely to be rooted early in their visual systems.”
The researchers found that people with anorexia and those with BDD showed less activity in the regions of the brain that convey primarily global information, although the effect appeared in smaller regions in those with anorexia. Further, the researchers found that individuals with BDD exhibited greater activity in the areas of the brain that process detailed information; the more activity they had in these detail-processing regions, the less attractive they perceived the faces to be, suggesting a connection with distorted perceptions of appearance.
“Anorexia Nervosa and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Are Associated with Abnormalities in Processing Visual Information,” Psychological Medicine, February 5, 2015Introduzione
Benvenuti nell'articolo dedicato al nome "Beatriks"! In questo articolo esploreremo le origini, il significato, la storia e l'evoluzione di questo affascinante nome. Scopriremo anche la sua popolarità e alcuni esempi di persone famose che lo portano. Continua a leggere per saperne di più su questo affascinante nome.
Origini e Significato
Le origini del nome "Beatriks" sono antiche e affondano le radici nella storia e nella cultura. Questo nome ha origine nelle lingue germaniche, in particolare nel tedesco antico. È una variante del nome "Beatrix", una forma latina che deriva dalla parola "beatus" che significa "beato" o "felice".
Il nome "Beatrix" è stato reso popolare da Santa Beatrix, una santa cristiana che visse nel IV secolo. È stato anche portato da numerose nobildonne europee nel corso dei secoli, contribuendo alla sua diffusione e popolarità.
Storia e Evoluzione
La storia e l'evoluzione del nome "Beatriks" sono state influenzate dai cambiamenti nella società e nelle lingue nel corso dei secoli. Mentre era originariamente più comune nelle culture germaniche, il nome ha iniziato a diffondersi in tutta Europa grazie alle influenze culturali e alla migrazione delle persone.
Nel corso del tempo, il nome "Beatriks" ha subito alcune variazioni e adattamenti in diverse lingue. Nei paesi anglofoni, ad esempio, è spesso reso come "Beatrice", mentre in altre lingue europee può avere varianti come "Béatrice" in francese o "Beatriz" in spagnolo e portoghese.
Popolarità e Diffusione
La popolarità del nome "Beatriks" può variare a seconda della regione e del periodo storico presi in considerazione. Mentre potrebbe non essere un nome molto comune al giorno d'oggi, è possibile che abbia avuto una presenza più significativa in passato, soprattutto tra le famiglie nobili. Tuttavia, è importante ricordare che la popolarità dei nomi cambia nel corso del tempo, e ciò che oggi può sembrare raro potrebbe essere stato molto diffuso in passato.
Personalità Notevoli
Pur essendo un nome meno comune, ci sono comunque alcune personalità note che portano il nome "Beatriks". Tra queste, possiamo citare la scrittrice Beatriks Potter, autrice delle famose storie di Peter Rabbit e di altri personaggi amati dai bambini di tutto il mondo.
Altre persone famose con il nome "Beatriks" includono artisti, filosofi e scienziati. Ognuno di loro ha contribuito in modo significativo al proprio campo e ha lasciato un segno indelebile nella storia.
Conclusioni
In questo articolo abbiamo esplorato le origini, il significato, la storia e l'evoluzione del nome "Beatriks". Abbiamo scoperto che questo nome ha radici germaniche e che deriva dalla parola latina per "felice" o "beato". Siamo anche venuti a conoscenza della sua popolarità variabile nel corso dei secoli e abbiamo esaminato alcune delle persone famose che portano questo nome.
Speriamo che l'articolo ti abbia fornito informazioni interessanti e illuminanti sul nome "Beatriks".مدیر کمیته امداد شهرستان رباط کریم:کودکانی که دچار سوء تغذیه هستند را شناسایی کردیم/ به دنبال طرحی برای بیمه زنان قالیباف هستیم
مدیر کمیته امداد امام خمینی(ره) شهرستان رباط کریم گفت: کودکان زیر ۵ سالی که دچار سوتغذیه هستند از طریق مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی شناسایی می شوند و برای آنها تشکیل پرونده داده می شود تا تحت پوشش حمایتهای کمیته امداد قرار گیرند.
فتح الله عزیزی، مدیر کمیته امداد امام خمینی(ره) شهرستان رباط کریم در گفت وگو با خبرنگار سرویس بهداشت و درمان رباط نیوز با اشاره به عملکرد این اداره درخصوص بهداشت و درمان اظهار کرد: در راستای توجه به موضوع درمان مددجویان این اداره، تعاملاتی را با مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی، بیمارستان رباط کریم و بخش های خصوصی انجام داده ایم تا بتوانند از ایتام و کودکان بی سرپرست حمایت های لازم را انجام دهند.
وی افزود: طی شش ماهه نخست سال توانسته ایم حدود ۱۵۰ کارت درمان را صادر و افراد را به پزشکان خانواده معرفی کنیم و در این راستا نیز به ۴۳۵ نفر از مددجویان کمکهایی از جمله هزینه های پوشاک سالمندان و نگهداری، داندانپزشکی و … ارائه شد.
مدیر کمیته امداد امام خمینی(ره) شهرستان رباط کریم تأکید کرد: این اداره همچمنین خدماتی از جمله تعامل با شبکه بهداشت و درمان رباط کریم، تشکیل پرونده بیماران مبتلا به سل و مساعدت برای سبد غذایی، آموزش سلامت مددجویان،غربالگری مددجویان و پرداخت هزینه آزامایشات را ارائه داده است.
مدیر کمیته امداد شهرستان رباط کریم درادامه با تأکید بر آگاهی بخشی مددجویان در زمینه بهداشت، اظهار کرد: در این راستا بروشورهای تبلیغاتی برای افزایش آگاهی مددجویان در زمینه بهداشت و دردمان صورت گرفته است.
وی در بخش دیگری ازسخنانش، با اشاره به خدمات این نهاد برای کودکان، ابراز کرد: کودکان زیر ۵ سالی که دچار سوتغذیه هستند از طریق مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی شناسایی می شوند و برای آنها تشکیل پرونده داده می شود تا تحت پوشش حمایتهای کمیته امداد قرار گیرند.
مدیر کمیته امداد امام خمینی(ره) شهرستان رباط کریم ادامه داد: در همین راستا ۲۴۲ سبد غذایی از طریق شارژکارتهای پارسیان به کودکان تحت حمایت اعطا می شود تا به نوعی با فقر و سوء تغذیه آن ها مقابله شود.
عزیزی با تأکید بر اینکه مددجویان کمیته امداد باید از خدمات بیمه ای برخوردار باشند، ابراز کرد: در این راستا مددجویان به سازمان تأمین اجتماعی معرفی و برای آنها تشکیل پرونده انجام می شود، در طول بهار و تابستان ۳۶۰ نفر در این مرکز بیمه شده اند.
مدیر کمیته امداد امام خمینی(ره) شهرستان رباط کریم خاطرنشان کرد: این بیمه شامل زنان سرپرست خانوار و مجریان خودکفایی و اشتغال است و همچنین پیگیر بیمه کردن زنان قالیباف نیز هستیم.
انتهای پیام/最新台州房屋租赁合同范本_租赁合同
篇一：简单租房合同范本
出租方：(以下简称甲方)
承租方：(以下简称乙方)
甲、乙双方就房屋租赁事宜，达成如下协议：
一、甲方将位于台州市海游街道赛格特小区7号楼406号的房屋出租给乙方居住使用，租赁期限自201x年x月xx日至201x年x月xx日，计1年。
二、本房屋月租金为人民币1700元，按年结算为人民币20400元。租金于x月xx号到x月xx号日内付清。
三、乙方租赁期间，水费、电费、物业费以及其它由乙方居住而产生的费用由乙方负担，租赁结束时，乙方须交清。
四、乙方同意预交3000元作为保证金。
五、房屋租赁期为1年，从2017年8月28日至2017年8月27日，在此期间，任何一方要求终止合同，须提前三个月通知对方，并偿付对方总租金1000的违约金;如果甲方转让该房屋，乙方有优先购买权。
六、在承租期间，乙方需保证房屋干净整洁；未经甲方同意，乙方无权转租或转借该房屋；不得改变房屋结构及其用途，由于乙方人为原因造成该房屋及其配套设施损坏的，由乙方承担赔偿责任。
七、甲方保证该房屋无产权纠纷。
八、就本合同发生纠纷，双方协商解决，协商不成，任何一方均有权向人民法院提起诉讼，请求司法解决。
九、本合同连一式两份，甲、乙双方各执一份，自双方签字之日起生效。
甲方： 乙方：
手机： 手机：
年 月日 年 月日
篇二：个人租房合同范本
出租方（甲方）： 女，身份证号码
承租方（乙方）： 男，身份证号码
甲、乙双方就房屋租赁事宜，达成如下协议：
一、甲方将位于台州市玉环县楚门镇 的房屋出租给乙方居住使用，租赁期限自201x年xx月xx日至201x年xx月xx日，计6个月。
二、本房屋月租金为人民币1800元，按月结算，预付半年，续租按月结算。
三、乙方租赁期间，水费、电费、燃气费以及其它由乙方居住而产生的费用由乙方负担。租赁结束时，乙方须交清欠费。
四、乙方不得随意损坏房屋设施，如需装修或改造，需先征得甲方同意，并承担装修改造费用。租赁结束时，乙方须将房屋设施恢复原状。
五、租赁期满后，如乙方要求继续租赁,则须提前1个月向甲方提出，甲方收到乙方要求后7天内答复。如同意继续租赁，则续签租赁合同。同等条件下，乙方享有优先租赁的权利。
六、租赁期间，任何一方提出终止合同，需提前1个月书面通知对方，经双方协商后签订终止合同书。
七、发生争议，甲、乙双方友好协商解决。协商不成时，提请由当地人民法院仲裁。
八、本合同连一式2份，甲、乙双方各执1份，自双方签字之日起生效。
甲方： 乙方：
年月日 年月日
篇三：租房合同
出租方：（以下简称甲方）：
承租方：（以下简称乙方）：
根据甲、乙双方在自愿、平等、互利的基础上，经协商一致，为明确双方之间的权利义务关系，就甲方将其合法拥有的房屋出租给乙方使用，乙方承租甲方房屋事宜，订立本合同。
一、房屋地址：
二、租赁期限及约定
1、该房屋租赁期共一交。
2、第一年租金：1个月签订合同并付款。
3、乙方向甲方承诺，租赁该房屋仅作为商铺房使用。
4、租赁期满，甲方有权收回出租房屋，乙方应如期交还。乙方如要求续租，则必须在租赁期满前一个月内通知甲方，经甲方同意后，重新签订租赁合同。
三、房屋修缮与使用
1、在租赁期内，甲方应保证出租房屋的使用安全。乙方应合理使用其所承租的房屋及其附属设施。如乙方因使用不当造成房屋及设施破坏的，乙方应负责修复或给予经济赔偿。
2、该房屋及所属设施的维修责任除双方在本合同及补充条款中约定外，均由甲方负责（但乙方使用不当除外）甲方进行维修须提前七天通知乙方，乙方应积极协助配合。
3、乙方因使用需要，在不影响房屋结构的前提下，可以对房屋进行装修装饰，但其设计规模、范围、工艺、用料等方案应事先征得甲方的同意后方可施工。租赁期满后，依附于房屋的装修归甲方所有。对乙方的装修装饰部分甲方不负有修缮的义务。
四、房屋的转让与转租
1、租赁期间，未经甲方书面同意，乙方不得擅自转租、转借承租房屋。
2、甲方同意乙方转租房屋的，应当单独订立补充协议，乙方应当根据与甲方的书面协定转租房屋。
五、乙方违约的处理规定
在租赁期内，乙方有下列行为之一的，甲方有权终止合同，收回该房屋，乙方应向甲方支付合同总租金的20%违约金，若支付的违约金不足弥补甲方损失的，乙方还应负责赔偿直至达到弥补全部损失为止。
（1）未经甲方书面同意，擅自将房屋转租、转借给他人使用的；
（2）未经甲方同意，擅自拆改变动房屋结构或损坏房屋，且经甲方通知，在规定期限内仍未纠正并修复的；
（3）擅自改变本合同规定的租赁用途或利用该房屋进行违法活动的；
（4）拖欠房租累计一个月以上的。
六、本协议一式两份，甲、乙双方各执一份，签字后即行生效。 （入住时的水电数字：电、水）
甲方签字： 乙方签字：
联系方式： 联系方式：
年 月 日 年 月 日
下一篇：地区代理合同协议模板下载Plant The Perfect Garden
April showers may bring May flowers, but only if you plant the seeds first. With Earth Day right around the corner, I figured there’s no better time to start a garden. Luckily, I’ve already done all the research, so you can start gardening today. Whether you’re planting decorative flowers or fruits and vegetables to eat, these tips will help your garden thrive all spring and summer long.
Skip Soiled Soil
Healthy soil equals healthy plants. If the soil in your yard seems dry or sandy, you might want to mix in some plant nutrients or integrate a bag of Topsoil into the desired area.
Location, Location, Location
A healthy amount of sunlight is needed to help just about every plant thrive. Some plants require less sunlight than others but it’s important to grow your plant where it’ll receive the light it needs. Before planting anything, read the instructions and identify your plant’s lighting requirements.
Water Roots, Not Leaves
You must water your plants well, but be sure to water around the roots of the plant and not directly on the leaves. The roots use the water to nourish the plant and if you over water the leaves it can lead to mold and other unpleasantries.
Protect The Plants
Whether it’s kids running in the yard or cute critters looking to make a meal of your hard work, your plants are at risk every day. Do your best to protect them by planting them on a platform or fencing them in. Also consider investing in animal deterrents if rodents like rabbits and
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, una donna che si reinventa tutti i giorni e che lo fa mettendosi al volante del suo furgone. Chloé Zhao riesce abilmente a mescolare la triste storia di una generazione, uno spaccato di vita contemporanea, mettendo il personaggio di Fern al centro di un universo in cui lei è solo una piccola unità. Per l'interpretazione di Fern, Frances McDormand vince il suo terzo Oscar come Miglior attrice protagonista. Macbeth (2021) Macbeth (2021) Chiudiamo la nostra lista con Macbeth, film del 2021, diretto da Joel Coen (il primo film a cui i fratelli non lavorano insieme). La pellicola è ovviamente la trasposizione dell’omonima opera di William Shakespeare. Joel Coen decide di fare una trasposizione quasi teatrale dell’opera di Shakespeare, riportando diversi elementi classici. Ma decide anche di caratterizzarla con espedienti che risultano vincenti, come la scelta del bianco e nero e di una scenografia quasi spoglia, dando tutta l’attenzione ai protagonisti: Denzel Washington, nei panni di Lord Macbeth e Frances McDormand nei panni di Lady Macbeth. Viene esaltata la drammaticità della storia, con espedienti quasi horror, come può essere la rappresentazione delle tre streghe. La caduta nella follia di Macbeth viene accompagnata da sua moglie, assetata di potere e desiderosa di raggiungere un’ambita posizione sociale. Lady Macbeth spinge suo marito a macchiarsi le mani di sangue, manipolandolo quando lui viene preso dal panico per il susseguirsi degli eventi. Frances McDormand ha rivelato che è stato proprio il ruolo di Lady Macbeth a farla diventare un’attrice, un ruolo che lei ha interpretato, per la prima volta, a 14 anni. La potenza dei dialoghi e dei monologhi del Macbeth di Joel Coen ben si adattano al suo talento, regalandoci un’interpretazione maestosa. E voi quale film di Frances McDormand preferite?Employers can be very selective in whom they hire as the unemployment rate rises. Combine that with the fact that a higher percentage of people now have bachelor’s degrees than they did 10 years ago, and careers are just looking bleak for recent college graduates.
The master’s is now the fastest growing degree, as 657,000 were awarded in 2009, twice as many since the 1980s. The rate has skyrocketed in the past few years as many with bachelor degrees could not find jobs.
About 2 out of every 25 people (aged 25 or older) now have master’s degree, which is about the same ratio that had bachelor’s degrees or higher in the 1960s.
Some education experts attribute the rise to more specific degrees. Typically, a bachelor’s degree is a very general degree in business or marketing. However, master’s degrees are becoming much more specific than they used to be.
Students can earn master’s degrees in supply chain management and in managing mission-driven organizations, which prove to be very useful because employers know they do not have to take a business major or a marketing major and mold him/her into a supply chain manager. Specific master’s degrees can help employers select more qualified employees and cut down on training time.
This type of job-specific education has helped create a new degree, the professional science master’s or P.S.M. Only a handful of schools offered this degree a few years ago; however, 239 programs now offer it, making the P.S.M. the fastest growing degree in America.
Many of the P.S.M. degrees are in the STEM areas (science, technology, engineering and math) because these fields have grown to be very specific and complex.
College administrators figured that their students need to get jobs once they graduate. So, they are now adjusting their degrees to make their students more qualified to enter the labor force, rather than giving them a broad education.
Some economists believe that the college degree is devaluing. They argue that colleges have become too lenient in admissions and are simply turning out more graduates than the economy can handle. Therefore, students need master’s degrees to stand out.
Some employers admit that people don’t need master’s degrees to be successful in their fields. Some even say that bachelor’s degrees are not even necessary. But, when all three candidates are available – at about the same price – why wouldn’t they hire the most educated ones?Library of Congress Resources
Ready to start using primary sources in your classroom? The Library of Congress Teachers’ Page has some great resources that you can start using today!
Library of Congress Themed Resources - Library's description, "Exhibitions, special presentations, lesson plans and other materials gathered from throughout the Library of Congress for selected curricular themes". We like to think of these as one stop shopping for teachers everywhere.
Library of Congress Primary Source Sets - here is a list of the available primary source sets from LOC.gov.
Lesson Plans - free lesson plans incorporating primary sources, designed by educators!
Analysis Tools - The Library of Congress has designed a set of analysis tools you can use in your classroom to help your students’ critical thinking skills as they investigate primary sources.
TPS Journal - Produced by TPS partners around the country, these publications focus on best practices for using primary sources, each with a particular theme and including teacher spotlights and sample activities.
Take Online Modules - Earn a certificate of completion by taking the Library's self-paced interactive modules. Each multimedia-rich program delivers approximately one hour of staff development.Metal detecting has become quite a discipline that attracts a lot of people. Metal detecting is so famous that it has even become a profession for some people. However, at some points, you are a beginner in metal detecting, and many things appear to be unclear.
In these situations, you want them cleared up as soon as possible, but you do not know where to start. Truth be said, if you are a treasure hunter, every single moment counts and means a lot of money. The majority of beginners cannot wait to go out and try their new toy out, and here is a useful guide on how to do it.
Metal Detectors for Safety
This one may catch you off guard as it is a less-known fact about metal detectors, but this sort of metal detector is as important as the smoke detectors themselves. One of the most important features is the sensitivity of food metal detectors, which can make quite a difference when used for food production. Food metal detectors are used to locate the problems, although you will not really want the alarms to go off without any reason.
So, adjusting your metal detectors to identify and locate the metal contaminants can help you save the safe part of the food item. Specifically, contaminants that can be detected by these sensitive machines are stainless steel, ferrous metals, and non-ferrous metals.
All of these are detected without false rejections and are of immense importance for food safety and the prevention of heavy metal intoxication. Here, you can see how metal detectors can have a wide application depending on the purpose they are used for.
Start Off With the Air Tests
Once you get your metal detector, you should run something called an “air test,” which is also known as the above-ground test. You should pick up a couple of coins, bottle caps, and some other tiny objects. Then, place them in an open area on the ground and swing your machine above the metal objects. You would be so surprised by the sounds your detector is making as well as the meter readings you can get from some random objects.
Do not forget to change the discrimination control so you can get a better feel for how it works before you are off to the field. After you hear the sounds of the trash and coins, you can try testing them on some precious metals, such as silver or gold jewelry. After you try it with treasure, you will be able to notice how the treasure makes different sounds when compared to trash.
You Should Make Your Own Test Garden – It Is Easy
The next thing after trying out your metal detector on the open items is to try it for the buried items as well. You can create a “test garden” or “treasure garden,” which is used as a special area within your yard where you will be able to bury some coins or other items and try to detect them. It would be good for you to start it out with some quarters, nickels, pennies, bottle caps, nails, or dimes.
In addition, if you have a couple of old silver coins, they would make a perfect material for testing. Determine what is the best place in your garden for making the treasure garden, and bury the coins and test materials 1 inch into the ground. Observe what sounds your detector makes when you are hovering over coins, and see if there is a difference in sound for the different metals.
Tips for Gold Detections
Gold is just one of many different precious metals on earth, and there is a shortage of this metal, so you need to be fast and effective before your competitors find it before you. By bearing this in mind, you need to invest some money in buying the right equipment.
However, if you have planned your purchase on a budget, then you should look for detectors that have high-frequency gold prospecting VFL installed that will provide you with some great results. On the other hand, if the money is not an issue, then you should get yourself an art pulse metal detector. These detectors have the leverage to find the tiniest gold snippets even in the toughest soil conditions.
Metal Detecting for Silver
Silver coins are the ones that, in the majority of cases, will have loud and clear sounds. Speaking of this, you will also want to make sure that you are also using sensitive headphones, which will enable you to hear the coins on the edge and some other marginal sounds that can be detected when you pass over them. You will also need to know where to look up the coins. Namely, a spill of silver coins can be found near huge trees.
When you are searching for the coins in the park fields or some other grassy areas, you will always want to start from the tree with the biggest shade. Another thing to remember is to choose the right metal detector. You would like to find the ones with a medium or low signal. Silver, when compared to some other metals, has much lower conductivity. So, for you to find the coins, jewelry, and rings made of silver, you would need to purchase the right type of detector.
Metal Detecting Tips When Searching for the Coins
When searching for metal coins, you need to go to the places where these are usually found. Do not be naive and assume there are no such places. There are many places like that. The majority of the public areas are screaming to be searched. The earliest settlers of the US brought the coins with them wherever they went. You could even find coins from foreign regions that are hundreds of years old.
As you may have noticed, metal detectors can be used for various purposes. Their application is so wide that special kinds are even used in the food industry for detecting metal contaminants. However, the widest use of these machines is for treasure and relic hunting.نشانه های عشق پنهانی: زمانی که به کسی علاقه پیدا می کنید، احتمالش زیاد است که درگیر تجزیه و تحلیل افراطی هر موقعیتی شوید، اما خوشبختانه نشانه هایی وجود دارد که می گویند کسی به شما علاقه دارد اما آن را از شما پنهان می کند.
دلباختگی تجربه ی هم مهیج و هم اضطراب آوری است، اما همه چیز زمانی پیچیده تر می شود که مطمئن نباشید آن شخص چه احساسی به شما دارد. مثلاً از خودتان می پرسید: اینکه او داوطلب شد تا در یک پروژه با من همکار باشد برای این بود که به من نزدیک تر شود، یا صرفاً می داند که در آن کار ماهرم؟ آیا برای این از من درباره ی برنامه ی آخر هفته ام می پرسد که دلش می خواهد بداند چه علائقی دارم، یا اینکه صرفاً می خواهد گپی زده باشد؟ وقتی به کسی علاقه پیدا می کنید، احتمالش زیاد است که درگیر تجزیه و تحلیل افراطی هر موقعیتی شوید، اما خوشبختانه نشانه هایی وجود دارد که می گویند کسی به شما علاقه دارد اما آن را از شما پنهان می کند. با سبک زندگی مجله گفتنی همراه باشید.
نشانه های عشق پنهانی:
معمولاً این سؤال مطرح می شود که چرا کسی ممکن است علاقه ی خود را پنهان کند. این موضوع دلایل متعددی دارد که رایج ترین آن ترس از پذیرفته نشدن است. فرد ممکن است این ترس را داشته باشد که اگر احساس خود را برملا کند، این علاقه متقابل نباشد و بنابراین جواب رد بشنود، امری که به لحاظ عاطفی می تواند برای او چالش برانگیز باشد. یا اگر با یکدیگر دوستان نزدیک باشید و رابطه ی دوستانه ی خوبی داشته باشید، ممکن است فرد این نگرانی را داشته باشد که اعتراف به علاقه اش رابطه تان را خراب کند.
هنجارهای فرهنگی یا اجتماعی هم در این امر نقش دارند. ممکن است فرد در بستری رشد پیدا کرده باشد که در آن ابراز احساسات خود امری ناپسند تلقی می شود. تشخیص نشانه های علاقه ی پنهان در یک شخص و درک دلایل احتمالی او برای عدم ابراز احساسش می تواند به شما کمک کند ارتباط بهتری با او و در نهایت گفتگویی صادقانه درباره ی احساسات تان با یکدیگر داشته باشید.
۱- وقت هایی که پیشش هستید رفتار عجیبی پیدا می کند
نشانه های عشق پنهانی: کسی پیدا می شود که پیش شخص مورد علاقه اش زبانش بند نیاید؟ کسی که به شما علاقه ی پنهانی دارد ممکن است وقتی پیشش هستید رفتارهای خجالتی یا عجیب داشته باشد و نداند چطور رفتار کند.
۲- زیاد تعریف تان را می کند
نشانه های عشق پنهانی: شاید نشانه ی واضحی از احساس داشتن کسی به شما به نظر برسد، اما این تعریف و تمجیدها منحصر به ظاهر نیست. آن فرد ممکن است از حس شوخ طبعی و اعتماد به نفس تان یا حتی چیزهای کوچکی مثل دستخط خوب تان تعریف کند. کسی که به شما علاقه دارد رفتار مهربانانه و قدرشناسانه ای با شما دارد.
۳- کمی حسادت می کند
نشانه های عشق پنهانی: حسادت تا زمانی که خط قرمزهای رفتاری را رد نکند، احساسی طبیعی است. اگر وقتی به شخص دیگری اشاره می کنید شروع به اظهارنظر می کند یا به وقت گذرانی شما با دیگران حسادت می کند، این یکی از نشانه های رایج احساس داشتن به دیگری است.
۴- از شما سؤال می پرسد
نشانه های عشق پنهانی: درست است که احتمالاً از شما درباره ی نظرتان نسبت به عشق یا معیارهایتان برای انتخاب شریک عاطفی سؤال نمی کند، اما از شما سؤال های دیگری می پرسد که به او کمک کند شما را بهتر بشناسد. او درباره ی شما کنجکاو است و دلش می خواهد بداند امتحانی که داشتید خوب پیش رفته یا نه یا چه برنامه ای برای تعطیلات پیش رو دارید. کسی که واقعاً به شما احساس داشته باشد دائماً تلاش می کند بداند در زندگی شما چه خبر است، مثلاً از شما می پرسد که روزتان چطور بوده، چه کارهایی انجام داده اید و حال تان چطور است.
۵- جزئیات در خاطرش می ماند
نشانه های عشق پنهانی: او همیشه چیزهای ساده اما اساسی ای مثل تاریخ تولد یا غذای مورد علاقه تان را به خاطر دارد. حتی اگر به این اطلاعات تنها یک یا دو بار اشاره کنید، او به آن ها توجه می کند. مثلاً اگر یک روز چهارشنبه بی هوا گفته باشید که قصد دارید آخر هفته به سینما بروید، او روز شنبه درباره ی آن فیلم از شما سؤال خواهد کرد.
۶- دوست دارد با شما وقت بگذراند
نشانه های عشق پنهانی: چه داوطلب شدن برای همکاری با شما در یک پروژه باشد و چه پیشنهاد رفتن به یک کافه با همدیگر بعد از کار، او در تلاش است تا راهی برای وقت گذراندن با شما پیدا کند. او برای داشتن ارتباط با شما ثابت قدم است و با ترتیب دادن برنامه هایی با شما این کار را انجام می دهند. شاید ظاهر آن شبیه به یک قرار عاشقانه نباشد، اما در برنامه هایی که ترتیب می دهد اوقات خوبی در کنار همدیگر دارید.
۷- به حرف هایتان گوش می دهد
نشانه های عشق پنهانی: اگر مطمئن نیستید که شخص مورد علاقه تان هم از شما خوشش می آید یا صرفاً مؤدب است، این نکته بسیار تعیین کننده است. اگر رفتار کسی صرفاً از روی ادب باشد، او احتمالاً یادش نمی ماند که فیلم مورد علاقه تان چیست یا نگران امتحان رانندگی فردایتان نمی شود. اما کسی که به شما علاقمند است همیشه واقعاً به حرف هایتان گوش می دهد. وقتی کسی از شما خوشش می آید، به چیزی که می گویید توجه می کند و به افکار و عقایدتان علاقه نشان می دهد.
۸- وقتی صحبت می کنید به سمت شما خم می شود
نشانه های عشق پنهانی: زبان بدن نقش بسیار تعیین کننده ای دارد. اگر کسی علاقه ی پنهانی به شما داشته باشد، ممکن است وقتی که صحبت می کنید سرش را کج کند که نشانه ی توجه داشتن او به صحبت های شما است. وقتی صحبت می کنید او به سمت شما برمی گردد و زبان بدنش را باز و پذیرا نگه می دارد. جهت پاهایش به سمت شما قرار می گیرد و دست هایش در حالتی که زبان بدن آن «بسته» باشد قرار نمی گیرند.
۹- با شما تماس چشمی دارد
نشانه های عشق پنهانی: به محض برقراری تماس چشمی با او، احساس می کنید ارتباطی بین شما برقرار است. می دانید که او به شما توجه دارد و به حرف هایتان گوش می کند و نوتیفیکیشن های گوشی یا سر و صدای اطراف حواسش را پرت نمی کند.
۱۰- وقت هایی که پیشش هستید خنده از لبش نمی افتد
نشانه های عشق پنهانی: با شوخی هایتان ممکن است کمی سرخ شود و بخندد. حتی سعی می کند با فرستادن یک شوخی اینترنتی یا مطرح کردن یک شوخی خودمانی که تنها میان خودتان است، شما را بخنداند یا لبخند به لب تان آورد.Ore 19:02:59 - Il presidente del Messico, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, ha riferito di essere risultato positivo al Covid-19 e di avere sintomi lievi.
Su Twitter il presidente ha riferito di essere già sottoposto a cure mediche.
Il capo dell'Esecutivo federale ha indicato che sarà Olga Sánchez Cordero, ministra degli Interni, ad essere presente alle conferenze stampa mattutine a Palazzo Nazionale.The course is designed to promote understanding of and hands-on experience with a main component of the study of history: the application of lessons learned from the past to current issues. This course will, in part, be an active-learning experience. Students will be required to
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Office 546-7515
University of Missouri Extension and 4-H activities are open to all.If you’re an insurer what can you do?
With the invention of the automobile in the late 19th century came the inevitable side effect of automobile accidents. As automotive accidents increased in frequency, it became clear that, unlike other torts, which relied on personal responsibility, there was a possibility that automobiles would need to be governed by laws because “[t]here was no way of assuring that even though fault was assessed the victim of an automobile accident would be able to collect from the tortfeasor.”
This led Massachusetts and Connecticut to create the first financial responsibility and compulsory insurance laws. Connecticut’s 1925 financial responsibility law required any vehicle owner involved in an accident with damages over $100 to prove “financial responsibility to satisfy any claim for damages, by reason of personal injury, to, or death of, any person, of at least $10,000.” This early financial responsibility requirement only required vehicle owners to prove financial responsibility after their first accident. Massachusetts also introduced a law to address the problem of accidents, but theirs was a compulsory insurance, not financial responsibility law. It required automotive liability insurance as a prerequisite to vehicle registration.
Until 1956, when the New York legislature passed their compulsory insurance law, Massachusetts was the only state in the U.S. that required drivers to get insurance before registration. North Carolina followed suit in 1957 and then in the 1960s and 1970s numerous other states passed similar compulsory insurance laws. Since the genesis of automotive insurance schemes in 1925 nearly every state has adopted a compulsory insurance scheme.Finding novel and impactful ways to help fight the spread of COVID-19. We wanted to find a way to alert individuals who had possible contact with carriers of COVID-19. Because of the long incubation period of COVID-19, many users who were exposed to the virus might not know that they were and can spread the virus. This is why it grows so rapidly, and we wanted to innovate a secure, precise, effective contact tracing solution.
Through our app, we can provide content for researchers in the future to fight diseases like COVID-19 with user permission. We envision giving data to CDC, WHO, state/federal public health authorities, universities, which can be crucial to understand how diseases spread and how to contain them.
What it does
We have developed an app that will use location data over a period of time to help notify others if they have been in close proximity of a victim of coronavirus while also providing them with key insights on their probability of being infected. The app notifies and redirects exposed users to proper resources based on feedback we received from public health directors, surgeon generals, and government officials. The app uses contact tracing is an effect way to mitigate the spread of infectious diseases and #flattenthecurve
How I built it
We built the app using React Native, MongoDB, and a variety of Amazon AWS services.
Data Types Location Point: data points collected by a user’s phone which include location (with measures of uncertainty) and a timestamp; has a unique location ID, associated with users through user ID Data:
Location ID (unique) User ID Location Latitude, Longitude Measure of Uncertainty: radius in which the user was likely located Time
Uncertainty: the measure of uncertainty can be interpreted as the variance of a 2-dimensional Gaussian distribution, which can help determine the probabilistic density that the user was at a particular location. We can use this uncertainty to develop a threshold which thus can be used to notify users.
User Health Condition State Transition: indicates the change of a user’s health condition over time; the health condition of the user can be interpreted as a finite state machine in which this data structure indicates a transition to a new state at a certain time; this is manually recorded by the user through the app
Data: Condition ID (unique) User ID New State Time of Transition Time of Modification
States: Asymptomatic Unknown: the user does not have COVID-19 symptoms and has not been recently tested This is the default state Asymptomatic Positive: the user likely became contagious with COVID-19 at the given time but did not show symptoms Asymptomatic Negative: the user tested negative for COVID-19 at the given time and does not show COVID-19 symptoms This state does not carry much meaning since COVID-19 tests are optimized for low false positive rates (and consequently have higher false negative rates) and users may be exposed shortly after receiving a test Symptomatic Unknown: the user developed COVID-19 symptoms at the given time but has not yet been tested (or never was tested) If the user is tested, they should update this transition Symptomatic Positive: the user developed COVID-19 symptoms at the given time and later tested positive Symptomatic Negative: the user developed COVID-19 symptoms at the given time and later tested negative Recovered: the user was previously tested positive with COVID-19 and became no longer contagious at the given time This is the terminal state
Using a simplified model with unknown, positive, and recovered states currently.
Users when they have symptoms will be told to consult physician if they have been in close proximity with an infected individual
Asynchrony: since users should be able to retroactively update their state on testing positive for COVID-19, the algorithm must be able to have the tolerance to trace back several days for its search.
This will enable us to make a more precise tool and enable users to gain more autonomy.
After consulting with health professionals at Duke Infectious Disease Program and Duke Global Health, we have concluded using 14 days of location data prior to the test and 10 days after testing positive is most relevant for determining exposed individuals
After consulting with public health officials, we determined the algorithm should notify users who have been less than 6 feet for more than 10 minutes.
Users should be able to update states ultimately and Positive/Negative states should replace Unknown states whenever possible
Initialization: all users receive a condition upon registration; the time is the time of registration, and the state is asymptomatic negative
Time-Space Block: data structure for use in the database to quickly look up and compare location points. We reference this block by id, and we use the data here to determine which agents to ping.
Data: Location Bounds: e.g. 500 meters by 500 meters Time Bounds: e.g. 5 minutes
Data Collection Location data is collected continuously in the background of the user’s app. This data is stored locally on the user’s device. The user’s device periodically polls the server If a user marks themselves as infected, their location data from the past 14 days is sent to the server. Once an infected user’s location data is sent to the server, their current state and a 5 kilometer pull request for users within that location is sent out to all active non-infected users Non-infected users that overlap that time and location block get their data sent to the server
Event Trigger at Block Contamination: Whenever someone gets infected all blocks they have been in are contaminated Contaminated blocks automatically are pinged for data to be sent to the server The phones in these blocks are evaluated Using gaussian distribution/other metrics and compared with a threshold The potential contacts are notified and directed to official resources
Communication with User
How users are notified Users are notified through email or phone Notified with a risk factor and future steps and to
Challenges I ran into
Some of the biggest challenges were initially building the app using AWS, going through the legal process in getting support, and making sure we were being fully secure and HIPAA compliant.
Accomplishments that I'm proud of
We have formed partnerships with local governments in North Carolina, Alabama, and other states where there aren’t as many cases yet. We are also reaching out to various local governments as well to help promote this in their community. We formed partnerships with Duke, and we are working with the NIH and CDC as well to gain their feedback and support on the app. We have received great support from accelerators as well and many online communities. Our proudest accomplishment is our rapid development of this application and how effective and precise it is. We use HIPAA compliant services.
What I learned
We have learned a lot about networking, reaching out, development in AWS, mobile app development, and public health in general.
What's next for ContainIt
Deployment and Distribution, Scaling, Growing, Adding features, providing predictive modeling
if you need access to github, email me at [email protected]: The consensus emerging from the study of microbiomes is that they are far more complex than previously thought, requiring better assemblies and increasingly deeper sequencing. However, current metagenomic assembly techniques regularly fail to incorporate all, or even the majority in some cases, of the sequence information generated for many microbiomes, negating this effort. This can especially bias the information gathered and the perceived importance of the minor taxa in a microbiome. Results: We propose a simple but effective approach, implemented in Python, to address this problem. Based on an iterative methodology, our workflow (called Spherical) carries out successive rounds of assemblies with the sequencing reads not yet utilised. This approach also allows the user to reduce the resources required for very large datasets, by assembling random subsets of the whole in a “divide and conquer” manner. Conclusions: We demonstrate the accuracy of Spherical using simulated data based on completely sequenced genomes and the effectiveness of the workflow at retrieving lost information for taxa in three published metagenomics studies of varying sizes. Our results show that Spherical increased the amount of reads utilized in the assembly by up to 109% compared to the base assembly. The additional contigs assembled by the Spherical workflow resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) changes in the predicted taxonomic profile of all datasets analysed. Spherical is implemented in Python 2.7 and freely available for use under the MIT license. Source code and documentation is hosted publically at: https://github.com/thh32/Spherical.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Structural Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Computer Science Applications
- Applied MathematicsST. LOUIS, Jan. 30 (UPI) -- The part of the brain that is key to learning and memory is larger among children whose mothers who spend a lot of time nurturing them, U.S. researchers said.
Dr. Joan L. Luby, professor of child psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, and colleagues said the brain-imaging study involved children ages 7-10 who had participated in an earlier study of preschool depression that Luby began about 10 years ago.
The earlier study involved children ages 3-6 who had symptoms of psychiatric disorders including depression, or were mentally healthy with no known psychiatric problems.
In the initial study, the children were closely observed and videotaped interacting with a parent, almost always a mother, as the parent was completing a required task, and as the child was asked to wait to open an attractive gift. How much or how little the parent was able to support and nurture the child in this stressful circumstance -- designed to approximate the stresses of daily parenting -- was evaluated by raters who knew nothing about the child's health or the parent's temperament.
"It's very objective," Luby said in a statement. "Whether a parent was considered a nurturer was not based on that parent's own self-assessment."
For the current study, the researchers conducted brain scans on 92 of the children who had had symptoms of depression or were mentally healthy when they were studied as preschoolers.
The study, published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition, found imaging revealed children without depression who had been nurtured had a hippocampus almost 10 percent larger than children whose mothers were not as nurturing.
A larger hippocampus is a key structure of the brain important to learning, memory and response to stress, Luby said.VORTICE LINEO
Yuvarlak kanal tipi karma akışlı fanların plastik alev yürütmez malzemeden üretilmiştir. Rulman yataklı uzun ömürlü çift hızlı fan motoru mevcuttur. Blans gerektirmez kolay montaj avantajı vardır. Konut, ticari ve endüstriyel uygulamalar için uygundur.
Kullanım Alanları
Mutfaklar, banyolar, ofisler, laboratuvarlar, fabrikalar, mağazalar, çamaşırhaneler, atölyeler, restoranlar, kafe barlar, tiyatro ve sinema salonları vb.|《致云雀》名师教学设计(统编版高一必修上)
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教材分析
《致云雀》排在本单元的第四课，本单元主要学习中国现当代诗歌和外国诗歌。教学重点是从语言文字描绘的形象出发，结合对作品创作背景和创作意图的了解，联系自己的生活经验，通过想像和联想，体会诗中的情思和意味，从而培养良好的读诗趣味。在这首诗中，这一首诗并没有一个故事情节，因为它并不是一个故事。诗人把云雀的歌声比喻为各种各样美丽非凡的事物：天空的星星、光芒里的诗人、城堡里的公主、闪亮的萤火虫等，借此表达自己对云雀的歌声的热爱。热爱显然是不够的，接下来的部分诗人开始好奇地询问云雀如何才能有如此纯粹的喜乐，如何才能忘记生命中的苦痛，如何避开爱的餍足，如何看待生死的意义等等。
一、教学目标
1.了解作者生平及时代背景及对中国诗歌的影响。
2.深刻体会诗歌意蕴。
二、核心素养
语言建构与运用：感知,理解诗人所要表达的思想内涵。
思维发展与提升：理解诗歌的思想内涵，诗歌蕴藉含蓄,重视内心的发掘。
审美鉴赏与创造：把握诗中用隐喻手法表达对美好事物的热爱情怀。
文化传承与理解：理解雪莱对自由的赞美和对幸福生活的强烈追求，以及他为伟大理想牺牲的决心。
重难点
1.感受诗歌意蕴。
2.分析大量新奇的比喻和鲜明的意象。
教学过程
《致云雀》
一、作者生平
英国最伟大的抒情诗人雪莱，出身于一个有点地位和权势的家庭。他的父亲是苏塞克斯郡的绅士，国会的辉格党议员；他的祖父是位从男爵，积聚了万贯家财。雪莱是长子，因此他长大以后，可望成为既富有又有爵位的人。8岁时雪莱就开始尝试写作诗歌，在伊顿公学时，他就显示出是个优秀的古典派学者，但他并不感到愉快，因为他生来具有叛逆的、不落俗套的性格。他以“疯子雪莱”和“无神论者雪莱”而闻名。
12岁那年，雪莱进入伊顿公学，在那里他受到学长及教师的虐待，在当时的学校里这种现象十分普遍，但是雪莱并不象一般新生那样忍气吞声，他公然的反抗这些，而这种反抗的个性如火燃尽了他短暂的一生。1810年，18岁的雪莱进入牛津大学，深受英国自由思想家休谟以及葛德文等人著作的影响，雪莱习惯性的将他关于上帝、政治和社会等问题的想法写成小册子散发给一些素不相识的人，并询问他们看后的意见。
1811年3月25日，由于散发《无神论的必然》，入学不足一年的雪莱被牛津大学开除。雪莱的父亲是一位墨守成规的乡绅，他要求雪莱公开声明自己与《无神论的必然》毫无关系，而雪莱拒绝了，他因此被逐出家门。被切断经济支持的雪莱在两个妹妹的帮助下过了一段独居的生活，这一时期，他认识了赫利埃特委斯特布洛克，他妹妹的同学，一个小旅店店主的女儿。雪莱与这个十六岁的少女仅见了几次面，她是可爱的，又是可怜的，当雪莱在威尔士看到她来信称自己在家中受父亲虐待后便毅然赶回伦敦，带着这一身世可怜且恋慕他的少女踏上私奔的道路。他们在爱丁堡结婚，婚后住在约克。
1812年2月12日，同情被英国强行合并的爱尔兰的雪莱携妻子前往都柏林为了支持爱尔兰天主教徒的解放事业，在那里雪莱发表了慷慨激昂的演说，并散发《告爱尔兰人民书》以及《成立博爱主义者协会倡议书》。在政治热情的驱使下，此后的一年里雪莱在英国各地旅行，散发他自由思想的小册子。同年11月完成叙事长诗《麦布女王》，这首诗富于哲理，抨击宗教的伪善、封建阶级与劳动阶级当中存在的所有的不平等。
雪莱赞颂各种革命思想，更看中了《政治正义论》的作者威廉葛德文的观点，葛德文已与《妇女的权利》一书的作者玛丽伍尔斯特奈克拉夫特结了婚。雪莱和哈丽艾特的结合完全破裂以后，他就和葛德文的十五岁女儿玛丽私奔了。同年11月，有人发现雪莱的妻子投河自尽。她和雪莱的两个孩子的归宿问题成了一宗诉讼案件。在法庭上，因为是《麦布女王》的作者，大法官将两个孩子教养权判给其岳父，为此，雪莱受到沉重的打击，就连他最亲的朋友都不敢在他的面前提及他的孩子，出于痛苦及愤怒，雪莱写就《致大法官》和《给威廉雪莱》。雪莱与玛丽结婚，为了不致影响到他与玛丽所生孩子的教养权，雪莱携家永远离开英国。之后，他和玛丽葛德文正式结婚，他们想在泰晤士河畔的马洛镇定居下来。1816年他在那儿写下了《阿拉斯特》(或《孤独的精神》)，这是表现他真正天才的第一首长诗；
1818年至1819年，雪莱完成了两部重要的长诗《解放了的普罗米修斯》和《倩契》，以及其不朽的名作《西风颂》。《解放了的普罗米修斯》与《麦布女王》相同，无法公开出版，而雪莱最成熟、结构最完美的作品《倩契》则被英国的评论家称为“当代最恶劣的作品，似出于恶魔之手”。 这个时期，雪莱还写下了一些最优
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قيقه بعد ازاتمام ورزش وجود داشته باشد،بايستي تمرينات ورزشي رامتوقف نمايد.
راهنماي ورزش در دوران حاملگي و پس از زايمان
۱ – قبل از ورزش ۵ تا ۱۰ دقيقه خود را گرم کنيد .
2 – ورزش را با يک دوره خنک کردن توسط حرکات آرام با حرکات کششي که به حداکثر کشش نميرسد ادامه دهيد .
۳- ورزش منظم حداقل ۳ بار در هفته بهتر از فعاليتهاي نامنظم است .
۴ – از انجام ورزش هاي سنگين در هواي مرطوب ، گرم و يا هنگام تب خودداري نمائيد .
۵ – از حداکثر توان خود استفاده نکنيد و از تا شدن يا باز شدن شديد مفاصل پرهيز نمائيد .
۶ – ميزان حداکثر مجاز ضربان قلب خود را با مشورت يک پزشک تعيين کنيد .
۷ – جهت پرهيز از سرگيجه به تدريج برخيزيد و از ماه چهارم حاملگي به بعد ، تمرينات در وضعيت خوابيده به پشت را انجام ندهيد .
۸ – اگر نشانه هاي غيرمعمول در شنا ظاهر شد ورزش را متوقف نمائيد و با يک پزشک مشورت کنيد .
۹ – براي جلوگيري از ، کم آبي بدن قبل ، حين و بعد از ورزش مايعات فراوان بنوشيد .
۱۰ – مطمئن شويد که دريافت انرژي شما براي تأمين نياز اضافي جهت ورزش حاملگي کافي باشد .
۱۱- از وان گرم و سونا پرهيز نمائيد .
تمرينات ورزشي دورانبارداري تمرين اول: تنفس
الف – دهان بسته، تنفس آرام،عضلات شل، در حالت دم، ديواره شكمبالا آمده و با بازدم پايين برود.
ب – مانند حالت قبل دهان بسته،تنفس آرام، در حالت دم، قفسه سينهمنبسط ميشود.
تمرين 2: وضعيت استراحت
دراين وضعيت تمام قسمتهاي بدنروي تكيه گاه محكم قرار گرفته و هيچيك از عضلات بدن سفت و يا دروضعيت كشيده نيستند. تمام مفاصلخم شده و بدن حركت نميكند و مادراحساس راحتي و استراحت ميكند. درمدت استراحت جريان خون كند شده،بنابراين براي بازگشت فعاليت طبيعيقلب بايد عضلات كوچك را منقبضكرد; براي اين منظور دست و پا را بهدفعات خم و باز كرده و براي جلوگيرياز ضعف و سرگيجه قبل از ايستادنابتدا بايد نشست و سپس ايستاد.
تمرين 3:
اين تمرين سبب نرم شدن ناحيه كمر وپشت شده كه براي زايمان ضرورياست و ضمنا در بهبود يبوست وجلوگيري از كمردردهاي آينده مؤثراست. همچنين سعي شود به هنگامانجام كارهاي منزل بدن دروضعيتهاي ذيل قرار گيرد.
در اين حالت پاها به صورت صافروي زمين بوده و 45 سانتي متر ازيكديگر فاصله دارند.
وضعيت مناسب براي انجام كارهايخانه
تمرين 4: حركات لگن
مطابق شكل به پشت دراز كشيده وزانوها را به قدري خم كنيد تا كف پاهاروي زمين قرار گيرد; در اين حالتسعي شود عضلات شكم را به مدت 3 تا5 ثانيه منقبض و سپس بدن را شلكنند (ميتوانيد يك بالش زير سرتانبگذاريد).
تمرين 5: تصحيح وضعيت بدن:
با انجام حركت لگن در وضعيتهايمختلف بايد سعي نمود كه در حالتايستاده نيز اين عمل انجام شود. درحالت ايستاده پاها بايد موازي هم بودهو تمام انگشتان به زمين فشار واردكنند. در اين وضعيت تمام وزن بدنروي قوسهاي پا وارد ميشود.
در حاملگي چرخش لگن به طرف جلوباعث كشيدگي عضلات شكم و سفتشدن عضلات پشت و در نتيجهكمردرد ميگردد.
با چرخش لگن به طرف عقب، عضلاتشكمي سفت شدهاند، تعادل كامل بينعضلات پشت و جلو برقرار ميشود.
تمرين 6:
در اين حالت سر را بالا بگيريد و ستونفقرات را صاف كنيد، سپس پشت تانرا خم كنيد و سرتان را پايين بندازيد.اين تمرين را 10 با تكرار كنيد.
تمرين 7:
در اين حالت روي يك سطح صاف بهپشت دراز بكشيد و شانهها را صافروي زمين نگه داشته بازوها را از تنهدور كنيد، سپس زانوي پاي راست راخم كرده به طرف چپ بدن حركتدهيد، به گونهاي كه با زمين تماس پيداكند، پس از چند ثانيه پا به حالت اولبرميگردد. اين حركت را متقابلا برايپاي چپ هم انجام دهيد.
دوران بعد از از زايمان از زمان خاتمه زايمان شروع مي شود و تا زماني که تغييرات ايجاد شده در بدن در اثر حاملگي به فرم قبلي خود برمي گردد ، ادامه مي يابد . اين زمان به طور معمول حدود ۴۰ روز طول مي کشد .
به گزارش خبرنگار سایت پزشکان بدون مرز ، دوران بعد از زايمان زمان بسيار حساسي است ، مادر دراين دوران در معرض خطرات احتمالي است ، بنابراين مراقبت از مادر در اين دوران بايد جدي گرفته شود .
ده روز اول بعد از زايمان مرحله بسيار حساسي است زيرا بيشترين تغييرات بدن مادر در اين دوران اتفاق مي افتد و نيز به علت مسائلي چون خونريزي ، تغييرات فشار خون و … احتمال بوجود آمدن عوارض در اين دوران بيشتر است .
توجه :
ضروري است مادران در دوران بعد از زايمان ، حتي در شرايطي که هيچ نوع مشکل و يا ناراحتي ندارند ، يک بار در روز دهم و يک بار در روز چهلم بعد از زايمان جهت تکميل مراقبتها و مشاوره براي پيشگيري از بارداري و فاصله گذاري بين زايمانها به مراکز بهداشتي و درماني مراجعه نمايند.
دوران بارداری برای همه دورانی متمایز و در خور توجه بیشتر است ، همه اعضای خانواده ، نسبت به مادر باردار توجه خاصی دارند ولی با تولد فرزند همه نگاهها و حساسیت ها متوجه طفل می شود و این در حالی است که دوران پس از زایمان ، زمان بسیار حساسی است و می تواند مانند دوران بارداری برای مادرخطر آفرین باشد . مخصوصاً 6 ساعت اول پس از زایمان ، چنانچه خونریزی مادر تحت کنترل نباشد ممکن است عوارض جبران ناپذیری برای مادر ایجاد نماید . لذا ضروری است که کلیه افراد خانواده علائم خطر دوران پس از زایمان را بشناسند و در صورت مشاهده هر یک از آنها سریعاً اقدام نمایند .
علائم هشدار در دوران بعد از زايمان
به محض مشاهده هر يک از علائم زير به مرکز بهداشتي درماني يا پزشک مراجعه کنيد :
تب و لرز
ترشح بدبو و يا تغيير يافته از ناحيه تناسلي
خونريزي بيش از حد طبيعي ( بصورتي که در هر ۵ دقيقه يک نوار بهداشتي کاملاً به خون آغشته گردد ) يا خونريزي در حد متوسط ولي مداوم و يا خونريزي پس از ۱۰ روز بعد از زايمان
رنگ پريدگي
درد ساق پا
سرگيجه
علائم شوک مثل سردي دستها و پاها ، تنفس تند ، گيجي و سردرد
درد شديد و ورم ناحيه بخيه ها
هر گونه اختلال دردفع ادرار و اجابت مزاج
هر گونه درد و قرمزي و تورم در پستانها
علائم خطر پس از زایمان :
خونریزی بیش از حد قاعدگی در 2 هفته اول :
خونریزی در حد قاعدگی طبیعی است اما اگر مقدار آن بیش از حد قاعدگی باشد می تواند عواقب جبران ناپذیری روی مادر داشته باشد.
اقدام لازم : مراجعه به کارکنان بهداشتی درمانی
در صورت بروز خونریزی در حد قاعدگی درهفته سوم تا 60 روز پس از زایمان
اقدام لازم : مراجعه به کارکنان بهداشتی درمانی
تورم ، سوزش و ترشح از محل بخیه ها :
هرگونه تورم ، سوزش و ترشح از محل بخیه می تواند نشانه عفونت باشد. لذا باید سریعاً به مرکز بهداشتی درمانی یا پزشک مراجعه شود.
درد و سوزش هنگام ادرار، عدم دفع ادرار، بی اختیاری ادرار و یا مشکل در اجابت مزاج:
اقدام لازم : حتی موارد خفیف نیز غیر طبیعی است و بایستی سریعاً جهت درمان به کارکنان بهداشتی مراجعه شود .
تشنج و یا تنفس مشکل :
تشنج حرکات غیر ارادی بدن است که با خشکی و سفتی عضلات همراه است. درصورت بروز این حالت مادربایستی سریعا به بیمارستان منتقل گرددو ضمن انتقال بایستی از باز بودن راههای هوایی به منظور تنفس راحت، مطمئن بود. همچنین نبایستی هیچ ماده خوراکی¬حتی¬آب ¬به¬ مادر خورانید زیرا باعث¬خفگی¬مادر می¬شود
خروج ترشحات بدبو از مهبل :
این نوع ترشحات بعد از زایمان غیر طبیعی است و می تواند نشانه عفونت باشد . با مراجعه سریع به پزشک قابل درمان است ولی در صورت سهل انگاری و تأخیر در درمان می تواند جان مادر را به خطر اندازد .
تب و لرز :
تب و لرز نشانه عفونت است و سالانه چندین هزار مادر در دنیا به دلیل عفونت بعد از زایمان
می¬میرند. باید سریعاً به مرکز بهداشتی درمانی یا پزشک مراجعه شود
درد شکم و پهلوها :
پس درد، پس از زایمان طبیعی بوده و تا سه روز نیز ادامه دارد ولی اگر درد شدید ، مداوم و همراه با تب یا خونریزی شدید باشد غیر طبیعی است و باید سریعاً به پزشک مراجعه شود.
ورم یک طرفه ساق و ران : این حالت علامت بسیار خطرناکی است و باید سریعاً به پزشک مراجعه شود.
افسردگی یا اندوه پس از زایمان :
برخی از مادران ممکن است در روزهای 3 تا 6 و یا حداکثر 14 روز پس از زایمان دچار افسردگی خفیف و گذرا شوند.
علائم آن : گریه، بی قراری، اختلالات در خواب و اشتها و احساس غمگینی می باشد.
چنانچه مادر سابقه بیماری روانی دارد و یا در حال حاضر اندوه پس از زایمان دارد باید به پزشک مراجعه نماید .
حمایت عاطفی مادر توسط اطرافیان و علی الخصوص همسر در پیشگیری و درمان این عارضه تاثیر زیادی دارد .
دردِ و سفتی پستانها :
در روزهای اول بعد از زایمان با شروع ترشح شیر از پستانهای مادر ممکن است مادر احساس سنگینی و احتقان در پستان داشته باشد . به منظور پیشگیری از این مشکل بایستی مادر ، کودک را مرتباً با هر دو پستان تغذیه نماید .ولی ، در صورت اایجاد سفتی توام با تب بایستی به پزشک مراجعه شود .
شقاق پستان :
معمولاً به دلیل نامناسب قرار گرفتن پستان مادر در دهان طفل و وضعیت بد طفل در آغوش مادر ، این مشکل ایجاد می شود .
اقدام لازم :
1- اصلاح وضعیت شیردهی : علاوه بر نوک پستان بایستی قسمت بیشتر هاله پستان نیز در دهان طفل قرار گیرد . بدن کودک با دست مادر حمایت شود. سرو گردن طفل در خم آرنج دست مادر و بدن بچه رو به بدن مادر باشد .
2- پس از انتهای شیردهی چند قطره شیر روی پستان گذاشته شده و در هوای آزاد خشک شود .
3- از لباس زیر نخی و نرم استفاده شود .
4- تغذیه مکرر کودک با شیر مادر صورت پذیرد .
پژوهشگران علوم پزشکی در کشور آمریکا می گویند ممکن است روزی موفق شوند با تولید نامحدود تخمک ها به حل مشکل نازایی در زنان کمک کنند. آنان می گویند امکان ‘بالقوه’ تولید نامحدود تخمک برای معالجه ناباروری وجود دارد .
به گزارش خبرنگار سایت پزشکان بدون مرز به نقل از بی بی سی ، به گفته پژوهشگران، امکان یافتن سلول هایی بنیادی در زنان بالغ که خود به خود در آزمایشگاه تخمک های جدید تولید می کنند وجود دارد.
طبق گزارش مجله “نیچر مدیسین”، آزمایش های بیشتر به روی موش نشان داد که این تخمک ها می توانند بارور شوند.
یک بریتانیایی گفت که این پژوهش “امکانات مهیج” جدیدی را برای بهبود بارداری می گشاید.
نظریه جاافتاده از دیرباز این بود که زنان با تمام تخمک های خود متولد می شوند.
اما دکتر جاناتان تیلی از بیمارستان ماساچوست آمریکا می گوید آزمایش جدید که دنباله آزمایش های سال ۲۰۰۴ بر روی موش است، این نظریه را باطل می کند.
گروه او سلول های بنیادی را در تخمدان زنانی که هنوز وارد دوره یائسگی نشده اند پیدا کرده اند که همچنان تخمک تولید می کنند.
این کاربا جستجو برای پروئیتنی به نام “دی دی اکس ۴” انجام شد که منحصر به سطح این نوع سلول های بنیادی است. این به دانشمندان امکان داد سلول های درست را جدا کنند.
وقتی این سلولها در آزمایشگاه کشت شدند، خود به خود تخمک های نارس تولید کردند که به شکل تخمک هستند و مانند یک تخمک عمل می کنند.
زمانی که این سلولها توسط بافت های تخمدان موش احاطه شدند، به یک تخمک کامل تبدیل شدند.
چنین آزمایشی با سلولهای بنیادی موش انجام گرفت و نشان داد که تخمک ها می توانند باردار شوند و جنین تولید کنند.
دکتر تیلی گفت: “هدف اصلی تحقیق اثبات این مساله بود که سلول های بنیادی تولیدکننده تخمک های نارس پیش از یائسگی در تخمدان زنان وجود دارند، که به نظر ما این مطالعه خیلی خوب نشان می دهد.”
دکتر تیلی به مجله نیچر گفت: “زمانی که این سلولها در خارج از بدن نگهداری می شوند، خودشان سلول می سازند و اگر این عمل آنها هدایت شود، در آینده شاید امکان تولید تخمک های انسانی نامحدود به وجود بیاید.”
استوارت لاوِری، پزشک زنان و مدیر بخش لقاح مصنوعی بیمارستان همراسمیت می گوید این پژوهشها “بسیار مهم” هستند.
او گفت این سلول ها به طور بالقوه امکان کمک به “دختران جوانی که به خاطر شیمی درمانی با خطر ناباروری مواجه هستند” را دارد.
سرطان پستان یكی از انواع سرطانی است كه به راحتی میتوان با تشخیص زودرس از آن پیشگیری كرد هوشیاری زنان و مردان تقش مهمی دارد . زمان ابتلا به این سرطان در ایران بین 45 تا 55 سالگی است در حالی كه این سن در كشورهای غربی بین 50 تا 60 سال می باشد.
به گزارش خبرنگار سایت پزشکان بدون مرز ، بیماری سرطان پستان مانند سایر بیماریهای سرطان 4 مرحله اول تا چهارم دارد،مرحله اول آن كاملا قابل علاج قطعی است،مرحله دوم و سوم،مرحله كلینیكی است كه بیمار باید تحت درمانهای خاص و عمدتا جراحی و شیمیدرمانی قرار گیرد؛اما مرحله چهارم زمانی است كه بیماری خیلی پیشرفت كرده است و كار زیادی برای آن نمیتوان انجام داد.
طبقه بندی سرطان پستان
آزمایش های مختلفی برای تشخیص اندازه تومور و میزان پیشرفت آن وجود دارد.انجام این مراحل آزمایش به انتخاب درست در درمان بسیار کمک میکنند. براساس دستور العمل انجمن سرطان آمریکا طبقات مختلف سرطان سینه به شرح زیر است:
طبقه 0 : سرطان غیر تهاجمی : سلول های سرطانی فقط در مجرای انتقال شیر پیدا شده اند.
طبقه 1 : اندازه تومور 2 سانتی متر و یا کمتر است. به بافت های اطراف حمله کرده اما هنوز به غدد لنفاوی زیر بغل گسترش پیدا نکرده.
طبقه 2 : اندازه تومور بزرگتر از 2 سانتی متر است و به گره های لنفاوی حمله کرده است.
طبقه 3 : اندازه تومور بزرگتر از 5 سانتی متر است و یا تومور به پوست, دیواره سینه و یا در نزدیکی گره های لنفاوی گسترش پیدا کرده.
طبقه 4 : تومور به مناطقی همچون استخوان , شش و یا گره های لنفاوی که دور از پستان میباشند گسترش پیدا کرده
بازگشت سرطان سینه: زمانی که سرطان حتی با وجود درمان باز میگردد
عوامل خطرزا در مورد سرطان پستان
عوامل خطرزای شناخته شده در بروزاین سرطان به شرح زیر می باشند:
بالا رفتن سن؛عوامل ژنتیکی؛ سابقه ی خانوادگی سرطان پستان، عوامل هورمونی، یائسگی دیررس،عدم سابقه ی زایمان یا زایمان اول تا سن 30 سالگی،عوامل محیطی از جمله عوامل تغذیه ای ونحوه ی زندگی ، استفاده از بعضی از داروهای هورمونی، اختلال درکارسینوس های تخمدان و اندومتر.
شناسایی این عوامل خطرزا و پیگیری بالینی هر بیمار درمان سریع و بهتر را امکان پذیر می سازد.
پژوهشگران علوم پزشکی می گویند آنچه را كه موجب می شود تازه مادران در موقعیت های ترسناك، كمتر احساس ترس كنند كشف كرده اند. آنان عنوان کرده اند هورمون عشق یا اکسی توسین ، ترس مادران را كاهش می دهد .
به گزارش خبرنگار سایت پزشکان بدون مرز ، دانش پژوهان دانشگاه لوزان در سوئیس نشان دادند مغز به سرعت هورمون عشق یا اكسی توسین را به مناطق نیازمند می رساند تا مادر از نوزاد خود محافظت كند.
اوکسیتوسین هورمونی که به طور طبیعی در بدن تولید میشود، با احساس عشق و اعتماد ارتباط دارد
هورمون اوكسیتوسین یا هورمون عشق با تولد نوزاد، در بدن تازه مادران به میزان زیاد تولید
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成长的孩子到8岁时出现反社会行为等问题的概率是61%。
这项研究的负责人温迪·奥迪表示，母乳中可能含有生物活性成分，从而使孩子能更好地调整心态。她说：“即使考虑父母的社会经济形势、教育水平、幸福水平和家庭功能，我们也看到母乳喂养6个多月的孩子出现心理健康问题的概率比较低。”奥迪指出，这些孩子有违法、打架和反社会行为的概率很低，这一点十分明显。总的来说，他们在以后的生活中很少出现情绪低落、焦虑或孤僻等问题。英国国家生育信托基金的罗丝·多迪斯支持这个研究成果，并表示：“我们需要提高社会关注度，支持女性在公共场所母乳喂养的权利。”
其他研究显示，母乳有助于婴儿抵抗胃病、胸腔感染、哮喘、湿疹和过敏性反应。许多年来，专家都对母亲说，母乳喂养可提高孩子智商。但是，上个月一项研究却显示，妈妈遗传给孩子的智力在这方面比母乳更好。
相关链接:早产儿养育更需要母乳 第一口母乳 拯救百万婴儿 宝宝不吃母乳 心病可能多
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به گزارش خبرنگار حوزه احزاب خبرگزاری پیروان موعود به نقل از خبرگزاری فارس، عبدالرضا رحمانی فضلی در حاشیه جلسه مشترک استانداران و احزاب کشور در جمع خبرنگاران در پاسخ به این سؤال که معاون سیاسی وزارت کشور چه زمانی مشخص خواهد شد، گفت: به زودی معرفی خواهد شد.
وی همچنین در پاسخ به سؤال دیگری مبنی براینکه آیا درخواستی از احزاب منحله برای ادامه فعالیت به دست شما رسیده است، یا خیر، گفت: فعلاً درخواستی به دست من نرسیده است.
وزیر کشور با بیان اینکه این نشست اولین جلسهای بود که با استانداران تشکیل شد، گفت: احزاب و گروهها برای فعالیت خودشان و برای ایجاد نشاط سیاسی نیاز به حمایت دارند که وزارت کشور در راستای سیاست دولت فعالیت احزاب را در چارچوب موازین و قانون برای ایجاد وحدت و انسجام در جامعه تقویت و حمایت میکند.
رحمانی فضلی در خصوص جلسه اظهار داشت: دوستان نظراتی داشتند در خصوص تسریع در ثبت مجوزهای احزاب فرعی در استانها که درصدد هستیم در حداقل زمان ممکن آنها را به ثبت برسانیم.
وزیر کشور با اشاره به اینکه حاضران جلسه خواستار آن شدند که وزارت کشور از آنها حمایت حقوقی و قضایی داشته باشد، اعلام کرد: در این جلسه پیشنهاد تشکیل کارگروه سه جانبه دولت، مجلس و احزاب به منظور تدوین قانون انتخابات و لایحه احزاب داده شد که مورد موافقت قرار گرفت.
انتهای پیام/Meksika Körfezi Alev Alev
Yukatan yarımadası kıyılarında 1 haftadır sızan petrol yanıyor.
Meksika Körfezi'ndeki Yukatan yarımadası kıyıları, bir ay önce hasar gören platformdan sızan petrol yüzünden, bir haftadır alev alev yanıyor.
Platformda 23 Ekimde meydana gelen kazada, sondaj kulesinin vanası platforma çarpmış, 21 kişi ölmüş, denize binlerce varil petrol sızmıştı.
Sızan petrol, bir hafta önce alev aldı. Çıkan yangının bir aydan önce sönmeyeceği tahmin ediliyor. Dört yangın söndürme gemisi, alevlerin üzerine deniz suyu sıkıyor.
Meksikalı yetkililer, birkaç kere kontrol altına alınan yangının, her defasında yeniden alevlendiğini belirttiler.
Sızıntı ve yangının çevreye verdiği tahribat ise korkunç. Kumsallar ve deniz yüzeyi petrolle kaplandı, deniz ve deniz yatağındaki hasarı ölçmek için tespit çalışmaları başlatıldı.
Öte yandan, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde, Kanada petrollerini Birleşik Devletler'e taşıyan boru hattında yangın çıktı. Yangında iki işçi öldü.
Boru hattındaki sızıntıyı tamir çalışmaları sırasında meydana gelen patlama ve yangında, çevredeki yerleşim yerleri de, yoğun duman tabakası yüzünden boşaltıldı.
Uluslararası piyasalarda petrol fiyatları, yangın haberi üzerine yüzde 4 arttı, söndürüldüğü yolundaki haberler üzerine bir miktar inişe geçti.
TRTTsim Sha Tsui (Liman bölgesi)
Bu bölgede Ocean Terminal, Ferry Terminal, Clock Tower, HK.Cultural Centre, HK Museum of Art, HK Space Museum, Inter Continental Hotel, Peninsula Hotel, Avenue of Stars (deniz kıyısında), HK Science Museum, HK Coliseum, International Mall Centre bulunur.
Her gece, limanın her iki tarafında, belirlenen binaların tepelerinde, renkli ışık gösterisi düzenlenir. Victoria Harbour kıyısında, bu gösteriyi izlemenizi öneririz. Guinness Rekorlar Kitabı’nda, bu gösterinin dünyanın en uzun süreli açık hava ses-ışık gösterisi olduğu belirtiliyor. Gerek Central bölümünden burayı, buradan ise Central bölümünde limandaki gösteriyi izleyebilirsiniz.
Bölgenin “Star Feribot” iskelesi, Tsim Sha Tsui mahallesinde iken; şehir merkezine park etmek zorunda olan, 40 bin tonluk lüks kruvaziyer gemileri, buraya yanaşırlar. Uzaktan bu lüks gemileri izlemek keyiflidir.
Star Ferry terminalinde, doğu yönünde yürürseniz “Tsim Sha Tsui Waterfront Promenade” denilen yerde bulursunuz. Buraya yolunuz düşerse, bir gündüz bir de gece buraya gelmeyi sakın ihmal etmeyin. Çünkü gece şehrin manzarası bir başka güzeldir. Ayrıca eğer şehri ziyaret zamanınız Çin Yeni Yıl kutlamalarına denk gelirse, şehirdeki havai fişek gösterilerini en iyi izleyebileceğiniz yer burasıdır.
Tsim Sha Tsui Clock Tower, ise hemen deniz kıyısındadır. Bu saat kulesi, 1975 yılında yıkılan, bir zamanların büyük demiryolu istasyonundan kalmadır. Kowloon Canton Tren İstasyonu’nun bir parçasıdır ve 1915 yılında yapılmıştır. Kule, kırmızı tuğla ve granitten yapılmış ve 44 metre yüksekliktedir. Tepesinde ise, 7 metrelik bir paratoner bulunmaktadır. 1990 yılından bu yana “ulusal anıt” ilan edilerek koruma altına alınmıştır.
Buranın en büyük özelliği, Çinli göçmenlerin, şehre gelirken varış noktası olarak Canton Tren İstasyonu’nu kullanmaları ve bu saat kulesini gördüklerinde yeni hayatlarının başladığını düşünmeleridir. Yeni istasyon daha iç bölgede, yapılmıştır.When Kenya’s High Commissioner to Belgium, His Excellency Mr.Johnson Weru watched a video on the Mawingu project and noting that he could not connect with students in Gakawa Secondary School, through a video conference, it dawned on him the value of rolling out technology in rural areas and the great opportunities ICT places to the communities.
This scenario was related to his childhood days as he grew up in Laikipia County without access to electricity leave alone Internet. Decades down the line, it’s a different tale at Gakawa Secondary school which is now electricity lit with solar being for back-up during power surges. The school also now reaps from the advantage of social interaction with other students. The channels have been made available by Microsoft’s 4Afrika Initiative which propels the Mawingu project.
According to the School Principal, Beatrice Ndorongo, there has been notable rise in the mean score from 2.95 in 2013 to 3.46 in 2014 and she attributed this to the support they got from the project as students now have multiple sources of information including the internet through a lab whose construction was supported by Microsoft.
The Mawingu project seeks to connect unserved and underserved communities in rural Kenya. The project utilizes TV white space spectrum to deliver connectivity to solar powered Internet kiosks, or ‘solar cybers’, in rural communities.
“This technology has the potential to deliver on the promise of universal and affordable high-speed wireless broadband for Africa, and we are proud to see that it has started bearing fruit with the improvement of national examination performance at Gakawa Secondary School,” said Louis Otieno, legal and corporate affairs director for Africa initiatives at Microsoft.
So how did the project on TV White Spaces start? On 19 August 2013, the Communications Authority of Kenya issued Microsoft East Africa Limited with a trial authorization to conduct a trial utilizing television white spaces (‘TV white spaces’) technologies in the vicinity of Nanyuki (the ‘2013 Trial Authorization’).
Consequently, a series of pilots and projects were undertaken in defined rural parts of Kenya. These projects relied and continue to rely on a combination of wireless technologies designed to operate on a license-exempt or unlicensed basis, including Wi-Fi and TV White Space base stations and end user devices. To maximize coverage and bandwidth, while keeping costs to a minimum, these radios use several complementary spectrum bands available to license exempt devices, including 13 GHz, 5 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and unused UHF TV band spectrum (also referred to generally and herein as ‘TV white space’).
The TV white space technology is being used for point-to-multipoint “last mile” broadband connectivity. These networks typify the transition from homogenous to heterogeneous networks.
The Mawingu Project currently provides connectivity to the following locations in the Nanyuki area: Kenya National Library Services Nanyuki Branch, Male Primary School, Nanyuki Red Cross Office, Tambuzi Farm, Tithigi Boys Secondary School, Thome Boys Secondary School, Male Secondary School, Gakawa Secondary School, Laikipia County Government Office, Solar Cyber and Cape Chestnut, a restaurant and business centre.
“This project has successfully demonstrated the technical viability of this model of delivery, with interference free point to multi-point coverage of up to 14 kilometres from TVWS base stations operating at only 2.5 Watts power (EIRP measurement),” said Malcolm Brew, Engineer ,Mawingu Project.
In total the project provides approximately 235 Kilometre of TV White Space coverage using multiple 90 degree base station sector antennas. To date, the project has achieved speeds of up to 16 Mbps on a single 8 MHz TV channel at distances of up to 14 kilometres;
Initially, the trial’s main upstream Internet connection was established using fibre provided by Kenya Power Ltd. However, during the course of the project Jamii Telkom Ltd took over once its high speed GPON service was activated. The service delivers a Committed Information Rate of 20 Mbps bursting to 50 Mbps.
A Ubiquiti point to multipoint 5.8 GHz Rocket 5M radio using a 20 dBi antenna at 35m on Kenya Power’s Telecommunications mast provides connectivity to both the Tambuzi and the Cape Chestnut base stations. The project uses a Mikrotek gateway router which in turn is connected to a Meraki MR12 cloud controller where all of the network’s IP addressing is managed via DHCP.
On how the project is sustained, Malcom Brew, explained that schools and public libraries are accessing the Mawingu Internet for free while subscribers are charged Sh80 per week for unlimited usage. “The revenue is re-invested in the project to sustain the networks, “We are not in competition with other providers. We are building the network in rural areas where there is no electricity or Internet connectivity,” Mr Brew added.
TV WHITESPACES AND DIGITAL MIGRATION
In many countries analogue televisions have been switched off and replaced by the more efficient digital television transmissions. This brings in two advantages: freeing up the spectrum for reallocation to other licensed uses and to enable additional further opportunistic access to interleaved spectrum between licensed users.
Will the project be affected by Digital Migration as the project relied on spaces left in between analogue television frequencies? Mr. Louis Otieno, explained that TV White space is also referred to as Dynamic Spectrum Access, which implies that it’s opportunistic.” Even with chances of the spaces being closed on the spectrum, the technology moves to the next space. Chances of the spectrum being fully utilized is next to infinity.”
These UHF frequencies have good propagation and building penetration characteristics making the TV white space suitable for use in rural broadband applications, where transmission links may be several kilometres in length and may involve challenging terrain such as hills, foliage, and water.
Enabling use of TV White Spaces does not need to be tied to the digital migration process and TVWS technology can be utilized before, during and after digital migration. Further, database technology can immediately direct devices to use whatever TVWS channels are available at the time; even as television broadcast stations are being relocated.
THE IKIOSKS UNDER MAWINGU PROJECT
Another notable visit was the Solar Cyber owned by Mr. Benson Maina, a Mawingu agent. Here, services which include Internet access and cell phone and other device charging to his rural community are provided. Opened in November 2013, Maina’s business is located 17 kilometres from the town of Nanyuki. The solar-powered container is the first in what could become a network of containers and other shops across rural Kenya, and hopefully Africa, to provide access to the Internet, electricity to charge devices, and technological expertise and guidance.
Ben’s Community ‘Solar-Cyber’ iKioski is capable of serving up to 8 customers simultaneously from 6 recycled laptops and 2 Samsung Windows 8 tablets, with both the TVWS back haul CPE and Wi-Fi/Hot Spot all running off a small AC/DC 600 watt inverter. With typical duty cycles of usage at the iKioski consuming less than 50% of the average 2.4 KWh of power generated per day, this leaves the balance for phone and torch charging which pays for the leasing/financing of the ‘Solar Cyber’ agency as a local small business.
When he started, Ben didn’t charge for the services offered though currently he charges up to Kshs. 80 per week and Kshs. 300 per month to access services on the ikioski. He has up to 75 people registered to use the service and trains the locals on online outsourcing.
The kiosk also uses the buctify technology to create internet hotspots in Buguret town where they have 5 hot spot centres already and another container in Thome.
Residents of Burguret, Thome and Matanya previously had to commute the 21km paying Sh100 one-way as bus fare to access Internet at Nanyuki town since there were no cyber cafés at the trading centre. They were required to pay up to Kshs. 1 for every minute to access internet but with the ikiosk and hotspot points the locals now get to save on much.
Mr Otieno concludes that Mawingu has had a huge impact on the community already.” Having access to Internet and technology is life-changing – and it’s the way to alleviate poverty. People in the area will begin having incomes as a result of information obtained from the Internet. In a few years, this area will be different from the rest of the country; we will be icons for what’s to come.”
His sentiments were echoed by Smith Brad, Microsoft’s general counsel and executive vice president of legal and corporate affairs. “TV white spaces and efficient spectrum management represent a creative, tested and affordable way of extending broadband access to unserved communities,”on Acts 27 :14
A tempestuous wind, called Euroclydon - Interpreters have been greatly perplexed with this word; and the ancient copyists not less so, as the word is variously written in the MSS. and versions. Dr. Shaw supposes it to be one of those tempestuous winds called levanters, which blow in all directions, from N.E. round by the E. to S.E. The euroclydon, from the circumstances which attended it, he says, "seems to have varied very little from the true east point; for, as the ship could not bear, αντοφθαλμειν, loof up, against it, Acts 27:15, but they were obliged to let her drive, we cannot conceive, as there are no remarkable currents in that part of the sea, and as the rudder could be of little use, that it could take any other course than as the winds directed it. Accordingly, in the description of the storm, we find that the vessel was first of all under the island Clauda, Acts 27:16, which is a little to the southward of the parallel of that part of the coast of Crete from whence it may be supposed to have been driven; then it was tossed along the bottom of the Gulf of Adria, Acts 27:27, and afterwards broken to pieces, Acts 27:41, at Melita, which is a little to the northward of the parallel above mentioned; so that the direction and course of this particular euroclydon seems to have been first at east by north, and afterwards, pretty nearly east by south." These winds, called now levanters, and formerly, it appears, euroclydon, were no determinate winds, blowing always from one point of the compass: euroclydon was probably then, what levanter is now, the name of any tempestuous wind in that sea, blowing from the north-east round by east to the south-east; and therefore St. Luke says, there rose against it (i.e. the vessel) a tempestuous wind called euroclydon; which manner of speaking shows that he no more considered it to be confined to any one particular point of the compass, than our sailors do their levanter. Dr. Shaw derives ευροκλυδων from ευρου κλυδων, an eastern tempest, which is the very meaning affixed to a levanter at the present day.
The reading of the Codex Alexandrinus is ευρακυλων, the north-east wind, which is the same with the euro-aquilo of the Vulgate. This reading is approved by several eminent critics; but Dr. Shaw, in the place referred to above, has proved it to be insupportable.
Dr. Shaw mentions a custom which he has several times seen practised by the Mohammedans in these levanters: - After having tied to the mast, or ensign staff, some apposite passage from the Koran, they collect money
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ید ، از آن جلو بروید و با آن برخورد کنید."
با نشان دادن اینکه در نتیجه اشتباه خود تغییر کرده اید ، به مافوق ، همسالان و گزارش های مستقیم خود اطمینان می دهید که می توانید در آینده به کارهای یا تصمیمات به همان اندازه مهم اعتماد کنید. Schoemaker می گوید: "اگر می خواهید قیمت اشتباه را بپردازید ، باید یادگیری را بدست آورید."این امر در یک فرهنگ یادگیری به مراتب آسان تر از یک فرهنگ متمرکز بر عملکرد است ، که در آن اشتباهات اغلب سخت تر مشاهده می شود. گرگن می گوید ، اما صرف نظر از محیط اداری ، باید بفهمید "چگونه می توانید اشتباه را از یک مسئولیت به یک دارایی ترجمه کنید."
به شبکه پشتیبانی خود اعتماد کنید یک شبکه پشتیبانی قوی می تواند به شما کمک کند. گرگن می گوید: "تحقیقات ما نشان می دهد که یک شبکه پشتیبانی سالم دارای سه مؤلفه است: روابط معتبر معتبر ، طیف متنوعی از دیدگاه ها و متقابل است."از همکاران فعلی یا سابق یا افراد خارج از سازمان بخواهید که دیدگاه خود را در مورد این اشتباه و آنچه آنها معتقدند می توانید برای بهبودی انجام دهید ، بخواهید. آنها به احتمال زیاد توصیه های مفیدی در مورد نحوه قاب خطا و بازگرداندن شهرت شما دارند.
به آنجا برگردید ، می توان اعتماد به نفس را پس از لغزش سخت کرد. نکته اصلی این است که خطاهای شما را به شما ترسیده است که از آزمایش ترسیده اند. هنگامی که اشتباه پشت سر شماست ، روی آینده تمرکز کنید. اگر باعث شد افراد از تخصص شما سوال کنند ، داده های بیشتری را برای بازسازی اعتماد خود در آنجا قرار دهید. به یاد داشته باشید که اشتباهات نشانه ضعف یا ناسازگاری نیستند. بهبودی از آنها نشان دهنده مقاومت و استقامت است. هر دو Gergen و Schoemaker تأکید می کنند که بسیاری از کارفرمایان به دنبال افرادی هستند که اشتباه کرده اند و جلوتر آمده اند.
همه اشتباهات ایجاد نمی شود اشتباهات برابر در درجه و نوع متفاوت است و برخی از آنها می توانند از سایر موارد سخت تر باشند. Schoemaker خاطرنشان می کند که اشتباهات گروهی اغلب آسانتر می شوند زیرا انتشار مسئولیت وجود دارد. اشتباهاتی که شامل شکستن اعتماد شخصی است می تواند عواقب ماندگار داشته باشد و مشاجره بسیار مهم است. اگر اشتباه شما باعث شده است که کسی به شما اعتماد کند ، به شخص نزدیک شود و عذرخواهی صمیمانه ارائه دهد. از شما بپرسید که برای بازگرداندن اعتماد او چه کاری می توانید انجام دهید. اما صبور باشید - بخشش ممکن است مدت زیادی طول بکشد.
اصول به یاد آوردن
- مسئولیت نقش خود را در اشتباه بپذیرید
- نشان می دهد که شما آموخته اید و متفاوت رفتار خواهید کرد
- نشان دهید که در آینده می توانید با تصمیمات به همان اندازه مهم اعتماد کنید
- دفاعی باشید یا دیگران را سرزنش کنید
- اشتباه کنید که اعتماد مردم را نقض می کند - این سخت ترین برای بهبودی است
- به دلیل اشتباه ، آزمایش را متوقف کنید یا عقب بمانید
مطالعه موردی شماره 1: رئیس و همکاران حامی بهبود را تسریع میکنند. آگوست گذشته، کتی تقویمی را برای ردیابی تاریخ های مهم تامین مالی ایجاد کرد. این شامل موعد مقرر برای گزارش های کمک مالی جاری و همچنین مهلت های درخواست مجدد برای بودجه آینده است. در اواخر ژانویه، کتی به افسر بنیاد در یکی از سرمایهگذاران اصلی سازمان ایمیل زد تا در مورد درخواست مجدد آنها برای سال 2010 بررسی کند، زیرا فکر میکرد که او از برنامه قبلی جلوتر است. اما افسر بنیاد پاسخ داد که مهلت سال 2010 به تازگی به پایان رسیده است. کیتی شوکه شد. او یک ضرب الاجل ماه مارس در تقویم خود داشت - آن موقع بود که گزارش کمک هزینه سال 2009 موعد مقرر بود و کیتی انتظار داشت که در آن زمان در مورد درخواست مجدد صحبت کنند. SEHN برای گذراندن سال به کمک مالی بنیاد نیاز داشت. کتی میگوید: «از دست دادن سرمایهگذار در این محیط نه تنها بد نیست، بلکه فاجعهبار است». به نظر می رسد که در ژانویه هر سال شخصی در SEHN با افسر بنیاد تماس می گیرد تا در مورد چرخه آن سال صحبت کند. کتی از این جلسه غیررسمی آگاه نبود، اما این وظیفه او بود که از هر رابطه سرمایهگذار در داخل و خارج مطلع شود و اطمینان حاصل کند که سازمان در بالای هر فرصت مالی قرار دارد.
کتی بلافاصله با رئیس خود تماس گرفت، اشتباه را توضیح داد و ایده هایی در مورد اینکه چگونه می توانند منابع مالی جدید را برای سرپا نگه داشتن سازمان تامین کنند، ارائه کرد. از آنجا که او صریح بود، او و بقیه اعضای تیم SEHN به شدت حمایت کردند و پیشنهاد دادند که به یک تماس تیم بپیوندند و هر کاری که می توانند برای کمک انجام دهند. افسر بنیاد به کتی اطلاع داده بود که مهلتی در ماه می برای دور جداگانه بودجه وجود دارد و بنابراین SEHN تصمیم گرفته است که ایده ای برای پروژه جدیدی ارائه کند که در یک نشست اخیر طراحی شده است. کیتی خوشبین است که آنها بودجه آن را دریافت کنند.
در حالی که کتی احساس می کرد اشتباه بزرگی مرتکب شده است، از آن درس گرفت. تقویم مهلتهای او اکنون شامل موارد و جلسات «نوشته نشده» علاوه بر تاریخهای سخت صادر شده توسط سرمایهگذاران است.
مطالعه موردی شماره 2: اقتصاد را سرزنش نکنید، راه خود را تغییر دهید در اواخر دهه 1990، کریستوفر گرگن، یکی از کارشناسان ما از بالا، Smarthinking. com را تأسیس کرد، یک سرویس تدریس خصوصی آنلاین برای دانش آموزان دبیرستانی و کالج. کریستوفر و شریکش اولین دور تامین مالی خود را در بهار 1999 افزایش دادند. شرکت به سرعت رشد کرد: در آغاز سال 2000، 30 کارمند داشت و آماده راه اندازی بود. سپس حباب دات کام ترکید. در عرض چند هفته، تامین مالی شرکت کاهش یافت. کریستوفر و هم بنیانگذارش با شش هفته پول نقد در بانک با یکی از بزرگترین اشتباهات زندگی خود روبرو بودند. مانند بسیاری، آنها نتوانستند حباب را پیش بینی کنند و شرکت و خودشان را در معرض دید قرار دادند.
کریستوفر تجربه قبلی با شرکت هایی داشت که با روزهای سختی روبرو بودند و رهبران را دیده بود که پشت درهای بسته پنهان می شدند. او و هم بنیانگذارش رویکرد متفاوتی در پیش گرفتند. آنها تمام کارکنان خود را گرد هم آوردند و دقیقاً توضیح دادند که برای نجات شرکت چه اتفاقی باید بیفتد. آنها با تأکید بر اینکه نمیتوانند به تنهایی از پس این کار برآیند، در مورد آنچه که هر فرد و عملکردی باید انجام دهد، واضح بودند.
آنها در آن بهار و تابستان «لنگ لنگان» زدند، اما توانستند ۵ میلیون دلار بودجه در پاییز و زمستان جمعآوری کنند. در حالی که کریستوفر می تواند به راحتی اقتصاد را برای آنچه اتفاق افتاده سرزنش کند، او مسئولیت کامل قرار دادن شرکت را در موقعیت بیش از حد گسترش می دهد. او می گوید: «در حالی که شرایط بیرونی در کنترل ما نبود، توانایی مدیریت از طریق آن بود. مهمتر از همه، او از اشتباه درس گرفت و شروع به اتخاذ رویکرد بسیار منظم تری برای جریان نقدی کرد. به عنوان یک نتیجه از نحوه مدیریت او و هم بنیانگذارش عواقب پس از آن، این شرکت در واقع زنده ماند و اکنون دارای فرهنگ منسجم و بدون گردش مالی است. به تازگی یازدهمین سالگرد خود را جشن گرفت و رکود اخیر را با سکسکه های بسیار کمی پشت سر گذاشت.سوفیا لورن کیست
بیوگرافی سوفیا لورن
سوفیا لورن با نام اصلی سوفیا اسکیکولونه در Clinica Regina Margherita در رم، ایتالیا، در تاریخ ۲۰ سپتامبر ۱۹۳۴ متولد شد. پدرش، ریکاردو اسکیکولونه، با یک زن دیگر ازدواج کرد و ازدواج با مادرش Romilda Villani، با وجود این واقعیت که او مادر دو فرزندش (سوفیا و خواهر کوچکترش ماریا اسکیکولون)بود را رد کرد . او در محله های پووزوولی در طول جنگ جهانی دوم بدون هیچ گونه حمایت از پدرش رشد کرد و دوران کودکی او بسیار ناراحت کننده بود . زندگی او یک زندگی غیر منتظره به نظر می رسد ، او در سن ۱۴ سالگی وارد رقابت های زیبایی شد که در آن به عنوان یکی از فینالیست ها قرار گرفت. در آن زمان سوفیا توجه کارگردان فیلم کارلو پونتی ۲۲ ساله ارشدش را جلب کرد، و در نهایت در سال ۱۹۶۶ با هم ازدواج کردند و پس از آن در نهایت طلاق خود را از اولین همسرش به دست آورد. سوفیا چندین قرارداد بدست آورد و در ده فیلم از سال ۱۹۵۰ به عنوان نقش مکمل ظاهر شد، زمانی که او نقش های مکمل را ایفا می کرد و در فیلم های اولیه به عنوان “Sofia Lazzaro” شناخته شده بود، پس از آن با تلاش پونتی به نام هنری سوفیا لورن دست یافت . برای کسب اطلاعات در مورد اخبار دنیای بازیگران روی لینک کلیک کنید .
امام جمعه مشهد در مورد سوفیا لورن چه گفت؟
در پی رقص چند دختر در مراسم بزرگداشت روز زن در برج میلاد در همایش بانوان شاغل در شهرداری تهران علم الهدی در سخنرانی روز جمعه این عمل را برنامه ریزی حساب شده دشمن خواند .
در این کلیپ می توانید این همایش و لحظه ی رقص دختران را تماشا کنید . تعجب آور است که در بلندترین نقطه در تهران و در برج میلاد چند دختر جوان برای مردان و شهردار برقصند و آنها نیز دست بزنند ، این کلیپ به سرعت در رسانه های اجتماعی پخش شد و از مردم به خاطر پخش آن عذرخواهی شد و هدف پخش آن اطلاع رسانی برای فسق و فجوری که در برج میلاد اتفاق افتاده عنوان شد . پس از پخش فیلم امام جمعه ی مشهد علم الهدی در نماز جمعه ی مشهد عنوان کردند که ” الگوی جامعه حضرت زهرا نیست بلکه سوفیا لورن است” . در کلیپ زیر می توانید سخنرانی اقای علم الهدی را مشاهده کنید .رئیس جمهور روسیه در سخنانی تاکید کرد که واشنگتن نمی خواهد محتوای توافق آتش بس سوریه منتشر شود زیرا در این صورت مشخص خواهد شد که کدام طرف به توافق پایبند است و کدام طرف به آن متعهد نیست.
به گزارش پرس شیعه به نقل از روسیا الیوم، «ولادیمیر پوتین» رئیس جمهور روسیه در سخنانی اظهار داشت: مسکو نسبت به تعهدات خود در قبال آتش بس سوریه متعهد است. روسیه و آمریکا در صدد برقراری صلح در سوریه هستند و مبارزه با تروریسم بین المللی هدف مشترک طرفین است.
وی در ادامه سخنان خود تصریح کرد: تحقق این اهداف نیازمند شفاف سازی بیشتر در این زمینه است. واشنگتن نمی خواهد که محتوای توافق آتش بس سوریه منتشر شود. زیرا در این صورت مشخص خواهد شد که کدام طرف به توافق پایبند است و کدام طرف به آن متعهد نیست.
رئیس جمهور روسیه گفت: ارتش سوریه به آتش بس پایبند است. این در حالی است که معارضان مسلح در حال گرد آوردی مجدد عناصر خود و تغییر اسامی به همراه حفظ توانایی های نظامی خود هستند که موضوعی ناراحت کننده می باشد.
وی افزود: آمریکا نمی تواند مکان حضور تروریست ها و معارضان را در سوریه مشخص کند. واشنگتن با مشکلاتی در سوریه مواجه است که بر همین اساس نمی تواند میان معارضان و تروریست ها تفکیک انجام دهد. ما در حال حاضر توافقی با واشنگتن در خصوص مخفی نگه داشتن بخش دوم توافق آتش بس سوریه داریم.
شایان ذکر است آتش بس مورد توافق روسیه و آمریکا از روز دوشنبه گذشته در سوریه اجرا و تاکنون نیز از سوی طرفین تمدید شده است.-
金字塔纸牌接龙 时间：2017-09-20
这是一款纸牌大接龙的游戏，玩家需要在最短的时间内，按照规则将所有盖着的纸牌从底层往上一层层的翻开，并且将符合的规则的纸牌移动到下方的纸牌中。加油咯！一起来纸牌接龙吧！
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一款非常好玩的游戏，一个神奇的勇士必须打败所有的恶魔打开宝藏，你来帮她吧~！这款小游戏是不能存过程的，如果打到第二关死后，又得要重新开始，所以你努力吧。
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屠龙塔防中文版 时间：2012-03-08
残忍的巨龙来攻占村子了，为了大家不被巨龙所伤害，你需要在巨龙来的路上布满炮塔，一起屠龙吧！
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恐龙部落大战 时间：2012-08-16
恐龙们正在策划这一场侵略部落的战争，为了避免部落的村民遭受这场浩劫必须在他们进入部落之前将他们消灭，快来在部落外面布置好防御塔将他们消灭吧。
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恐龙大战野人 时间：2012-03-22
野人的部落里展开了大战，你要有足够的兵力才能占得先机所以还是想办法买到足够的雇佣兵然后与敌人大战吧。
Copyright © 2012 7k7k小游戏 All Rights Reserved 京icp证080634号Gayrimenkulün Sermaye Onarımları
Er ya da geç, her emlak sahibi evini yenilemeye karar verir.Revizyon nedir? Onarım çalışmalarına başlamadan önce, bu konsepte hangi faaliyetlerin dahil edildiğini öğrenmelisiniz. Dolayısıyla, inşaatçılar yenilemeyi ayırıyorlar - konut teknik şartlarının yanı sıra dış ve iç görünüşünü iyileştirmeyi amaçlayan çeşitli faaliyetler yürütüyor.
Kozmetik onarımların yapıldığı unutulmamalıdırEski duvar kağıdının yerini almaya, yeni bir modern tavan takmaya, fayans döşeme ve diğer işlere dayandırıyordu. Tavan sızıntıları, duvar yaprakları veya tavan düşerse, büyük konut onarımları kaçınılmazdır.
Bu kavram evi kapsar ve evin yeniden yapılandırılmasını yapar. Daireye, modern iletişim, mükemmel tasarım ve olağan dışı düzen ile güncellenmiş bir görünüm kazandıran bu tür bir çalışma.
Onarım çalışmalarının yapılması
Büyük onarımları yapın hemyetenekli inşaatçılar ve gayrimenkul sahipleri. Bununla birlikte, ikinci durumda, inşaat araçları ve onarım çalışmalarında bazı deneyime ihtiyaç duyulacaktır.
Inşaatçılar kurulları
Uzmanlar,bakım gerekirse, izolasyon camını değiştirin. Bu amaçla, doğal ahşaptan yapılmış bir pencere almak daha iyi. Ayrıca, metal boruların metal plastik parçalarla değiştirilmesi de mümkündür.
Verilerin yürütülmesinde bir diğer önemli noktaiş tavan montajıdır. Bunun için, bir gerginlik veya alçı sıva yapımı uygulamak mümkündür. Özel bir plastik bagetle süslerseniz tavanın yüzeyi harika görünecektir.
Ayrıca, gerekirse zemini değiştirebilirsinizKaplama. Bu durumda, evin sahibi önünde seçim büyüktür: lamine veya doğal parke, iyi ses yalıtımı olan mantar zemin, fayans zeminden ısıtma.
Kiremitli alanda onun ile söylenmelidir kibanyo, banyo ve koridordaki istif, kaba bir yüzeye sahip karoya dikkat etmelidir. Böyle bir yapı malzemesi, yüksek neme sahip yerlerde düşmeye karşı mükemmel bir koruma görevi görür.
Bir başka önemli yönüBüyük onarımlar duvarların dekorasyonudur. Biz iç işleyişi hakkında konuşurken, o zaman, duvarların durumuna bağlı olarak hizalama ve ardından sıva başında düzenledi. Kuruduktan sonra, duvar kağıdına veya tabloya duvar kağıdına geçebilirsiniz. Bu amaçlar için, silindiri kullanmak en iyisidir.
Bir başka büyük ve modern yönüKonutun onarım işi, sıcak bir katın kurulmasıdır. Bu tip bir su veya elektriksel bir yapı kurmak mümkündür. Kural olarak, ısıtılmış zemin ilave bir ısıtma cihazı olarak monte edilir. Bazı sahipleri evde sıcak bir süpürgelik kuruyorlar.
Her durumda, bir sermayeye başlamadan önceOnarım, gerekli yapı malzemesinin miktarının kesin hesaplarını yapmak için gereklidir. Uzmanlar, kaliteden tasarruf etmemelerini tavsiye eder, çünkü daha sonra onarım çalışmaları iki katına mal olur.
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Gayrimenkulün Sermaye Onarımları据台湾媒体报道，美国宾州上达比（Upper Darby Police）警方公布孙安佐（An Tso Sun）案最新侦办进度，除了找到孙拥有一把9厘米手
据台湾媒体报道，美国宾州上达比（Upper Darby Police）警方公布孙安佐（An Tso Sun）案最新侦办进度，除了找到孙拥有一把9厘米手枪和1608发子弹外，还发现Home妈在员警入屋搜查前，早一步拿走孙房间内放有枪枝、弹药的行李袋。警方直呼，他们及时避免一场大灾难，美国国土安全部门将加入调查有无其他人涉案。孙鹏、狄莺已入监探视儿子，据律师转述，两人情绪都非常激动，双双掉下泪水。
当我们把所有的事件加起来，毫无遗问的，他正在计划什么，达比警局局长麦可（Michael Chitwood）在美东时间2日上午召开会表示，在我看来，基于所有的一切，我们当然认为他会扫射学校。
麦可指出，在孙安佐住处内新发现1608发子弹，包括425发AK-
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dato ad acqua. È necessario ricordare su impermeabilizzazione e il dispositivo del progetto di riscaldamento. Altrimenti la stanza sarà fredda. Il "tappeto" di materiali isolanti può essere disposto come supporto per il massetto cementizio.
La "torta" isolante ha una resistenza alla corrosione anche quando interagisce con acque sotterranee. I materiali da costruzione moderni sono durevoli e sono altamente resistenti. Lastre monolitiche, così come il substrato, si adattano principalmente a terreni difficili.
Tutti i materiali da costruzione devono soddisfare severi requisiti in conformità con i documenti normativi.
Preparazione e calcolo
Per cominciare, è necessario disegnare un diagramma del sito in conformità con la scala, designare l'area per il dispositivo da bagno e condurre la comunicazione ad esso. La posizione dell'edificio dipende dal dispositivo di drenaggio. Quando si collega lo scarico alla fognatura centrale, il bagno può essere posizionato in qualsiasi punto del cottage estivo. Se lo scarico è isolato, l'edificio è posizionato meglio a una distanza dai corpi idrici.
Il territorio pre-bloccato deve essere recintato da estranei - è necessaria una recinzione sulla trama. La struttura può essere circondata da una siepe. Tutte le piantagioni o le estensioni aggiuntive sono anche indicate sul piano del terreno.
Il lavoro inizia con il taglio dello strato superiore del terreno. Successivamente, l'area deve essere livellata. Questo può essere fatto con l'aiuto di attrezzature speciali. Le differenze di altezza dovrebbero essere evitate - questo complicherà i segni e renderà impossibile porre le fondamenta in modo uniforme. La marcatura è fatta sulla base del progetto su carta, quindi l'ulteriore dispositivo della fondazione dipende dalla precisione dell'immagine del terreno.
Il perimetro esterno della fondazione è contrassegnato da un metro a nastro e un angolo di costruzione. I punti finali sono contrassegnati da pioli attraverso i quali viene allungata la corda. È necessario controllare la perpendicolarità degli angoli in ogni fase della marcatura. Per verificare l'accuratezza del posizionamento dei segni, vengono eseguite le misure delle diagonali della struttura. Se l'edificio è rettangolare o quadrato, le dimensioni diagonali saranno uguali.
Per posizionare con precisione il piolo, è necessario utilizzare una speciale tecnica geodetica - un teodolite o un livello. È necessario controllare la lunghezza di ciascun lato e la misura in gradi degli angoli più volte. Il cavo in tensione è l'altezza delle fondamenta future. Dopo la designazione del contorno dell'edificio, si produce un'interruzione dell'area.
Se il fondotinta futuro è il nastro, allora dal bordo esterno è necessario ritirare una distanza uguale allo spessore futuro del massetto.
Quando si organizzano pile con pioli, segnare la posizione dei pozzi futuri. Il loro numero dipende dall'area del bagno. Il funzionamento a gradini non deve superare i due metri. Anche le pile devono essere posizionate in punti in cui il muro portante con pareti divisorie si accoppia. Se l'altezza dell'edificio futuro raggiunge due o più piani, è necessario ridurre la distanza tra i supporti. Il terreno denso consente di ridurre il numero di pile e il bulk vice versa. La profondità del pozzo dipende dal tipo di terreno: nel terreno sollevato, la pila deve essere abbassata di 30-50 centimetri più in basso.
La fondazione monolitica può essere versata senza calcoli preliminari - lo spessore ottimale della base dovrebbe essere fino a 25 centimetri. La riduzione del massetto può richiedere un rinforzo aggiuntivo. Con uno spessore di fondazione di trenta centimetri o più, si ottiene una struttura forte, ma tale costruzione non può essere definita economica. Il substrato di sabbia e ghiaia è solitamente riempito con strati non superiori a dieci centimetri di spessore.
L'isolamento termico della piastra non deve superare i dieci centimetri. La base in cemento richiede anche un telaio fatto di rinforzo. Secondo i documenti normativi, per una costruzione affidabile, i raccordi non devono essere inferiori allo 0,3 percento della massa totale della struttura. Le dimensioni delle aste possono essere calcolate personalmente in base all'area della sezione trasversale della piastra. Per risparmiare tempo, il comandante consiglia di installare in due livelli del telaio di ramoscelli di 12-13 millimetri di diametro.
È tempo di fare una fondazione per un bagno: quale è meglio, determineranno tre fattori
La fondazione è la parte più costosa di qualsiasi struttura, quindi è necessario sapere quando è necessario lavorare duramente e in cui è possibile risparmiare utilizzando una buona combinazione di circostanze: terreno solido, acque basse del suolo, bassa penetrazione del gelo. Dopo tutto, ci sono diversi tipi di fondazioni che differiscono in modo significativo nel valore.
Qual è il posto migliore dove mettere un bagno? Tipi di basi
Considera tutte le opzioni disponibili. Ognuno ha il suo scopo.
nastro
Una delle fondazioni più comuni, che combina la capacità di installazione su terreni di sollevamento con costi moderati (è inferiore a quella di lastra e superiore a quella di colonna). Ha preso il nome perché è un "nastro" di cemento con la stessa sezione trasversale rettangolare o trapezoidale, che si estende lungo il perimetro dell'edificio e all'interno - sotto le partizioni. La larghezza del nastro è in genere 10-15 cm più ampia dello spessore del muro futuro. Secondo il metodo di produzione, le fondazioni a strisce sono divise in monoliti e blocchi.
Approfondimento dell'incasso - a profondità ridotta e con una profondità di inclusione completa. Vale la pena di spiegare: secondo le regole, la profondità totale è uguale alla profondità di congelamento del suolo più 20 cm. Ma per strutture leggere anche con una grande profondità di congelamento, è possibile utilizzare una fondazione poco profonda (condizionatamente) 20 cm più profonda dello strato fertile e ha praticamente un'altezza per tagliare 50-70 cm (se il terreno si congela a 3 metri di profondità, è davvero un po ').
monolitico
Questa fondazione si ottiene versando calcestruzzo liquido nella cassaforma. Per conferirgli maggiore rigidità, deve necessariamente essere rinforzato con un telaio fatto di rinforzo, che si inserisce all'interno della cassaforma.
La fondazione monolitica può essere utilizzata sia per edifici pesanti, ad esempio, da mattoni (con una profondità di fondazione completa), sia per quelli leggeri.
Se tutto è fatto correttamente, una fondazione di questo tipo è in grado di sopportare anche contrazioni disomogenee, che si verificano quando c'è un terreno diverso a diversi angoli della struttura.
componibile
I blocchi di cemento armato finiti vengono utilizzati per creare un blocco o fondazioni di nastri prefabbricati. Sono posti in trincee e sigillati con malta e rinforzo. I primi sono cuscini a blocchi sovrapposti, con la forma di un rettangolo o di un trapezio. Su di loro (con la legatura, cioè con lo spostamento delle cuciture) sono poste le seguenti file di blocchi. I luoghi delle loro articolazioni devono essere rinforzati.
Se le strutture della fabbrica non si adattano allo spazio assegnato, vengono tagliate o il piccolo spazio rimanente viene colato con cemento o mattoni.
I blocchi hanno bisogno di un montaggio accurato, ma la loro costruzione accelera il processo. Inoltre, tale fondazione può essere posata anche in inverno.
Si adatta sia a un bagno pesante che a un bagno facile. Ma tutti i blocchi hanno uno svantaggio: sono poco resistenti alla pressione trasversale del terreno e quindi necessitano di protezione aggiuntiva: un'area cieca più ampia, ecc.
Oltre a quanto sopra, ci sono altri tipi di fondazioni a strisce: macerie, macerie, mattoni. Né i terreni pesanti, né le acque sotterranee non sono terribili per i crostacei. Ma costruirlo è il più difficile. Brick è adatto solo per terreni asciutti, e in questo caso, è possibile scegliere l'opzione e più economica.
colonnare
In questo tipo di fondazione, il carico dalle pareti cade sui pilastri scavati in punti chiave, che includono:
- angoli dell'edificio;
- attraversare muri in altri luoghi;
- luoghi di maggiore carico.
Inoltre, i pilastri sono distribuiti uniformemente nello spazio rimanente. E così che la pressione a terra da ciascun pilastro fosse inferiore, di solito si espandono verso il basso. Secondo le regole, la distanza tra due colonne adiacenti non deve superare i 3 metri (in pratica è inferiore).
Le parti superiori dei pilastri sono combinate con una griglia, che consente di posare muri di materiale di blocco. Ma la funzione principale del grillage è quella di conferire stabilità alla fondazione dei pilastri.
Come il materiale dei pilastri utilizzati:
In precedenza, il legno veniva spesso usato, ma ha una vita breve (ad eccezione del larice). Se fabbrichi pilastri di legno, devono essere impregnati di antisettico e impermeabilizzanti con mastice bituminoso, tuttavia l'impermeabilizzazione viene mostrata su pilastri di qualsiasi materiale.
La fondazione della colonna è raccomandata per edifici leggeri. I terreni allentati non sono un ostacolo, come lo sono le alte acque sotterranee, ma c'è un grosso svantaggio di questo tipo di fondamenta: non regge bene il carico quando l'espansione orizzontale o lo spostamento del terreno. La pressione laterale durante il gelo è in grado di abbattere i pilastri direttamente nel terreno. Contro questo parzialmente aiuta il grillage. Raccomandiamo caldamente un'indagine geologica del sito per evitare spese inutili in futuro.
Anche la profondità delle fondazioni delle fondamenta colonnari è suddivisa in profondità e profondità. I piccoli vanno nel terreno a soli 40-50 cm, mentre la profondità totale è la profondità di congelamento del terreno più 15-20 cm.
mucchio
Esternamente, sembra un colonnare, ma gli elementi principali non sono pilastri, ma pile. La profondità di impilamento può variare da 3 a 20 metri. I loro piani sono collegati in un'unica struttura con l'aiuto di un grilletto.
Il motivo principale per la costruzione di una fondazione su pali è un terreno fragile o mezlota. Queste possono essere "sabbie mobili" o aree profondamente patchate. Inoltre, l'uso di pile si ricorre a quando il cantiere ha un rilievo pronunciato: le pile consentono di ottenere una fondazione uniforme per la struttura con qualsiasi differenza di altezza. Il peso dell'edificio non ha importanza: le pile sono in grado di resistere a strutture pesanti.
Prendete in considerazione due tipi di fondazioni su pali: vangate e alesati (qui solo brevemente, più in dettaglio in un articolo separato). Oltre a pali metallici a vite, ci sono anche cemento armato e quelli combinati.
vite
L'estremità del tubo metallico è dotata di una lama a vite, con la quale la pila viene prima avvitata nel terreno, e quindi fissata al suo interno. Il tubo stesso dovrebbe essere coperto con una buona vernice con elevata adesione, che fungerà da protezione anti-corrosione.
Per immergere la pila nel terreno serve una speciale tecnica che ti permetta di controllare la profondità e l'immersione verticale. Da un lato, questo aumenta il costo della fondazione, d'altra parte, riduce i tempi di produzione.
annoiato
Il principio della base annoiata è semplice:
- i pozzi sono perforati nel terreno;
- in essi viene messo il quadro degli accessori;
- il calcestruzzo viene versato nel pozzo.
Il trapano per la perforazione di pozzi può essere non solo meccanizzato, ma anche manuale. Dopo questo, le pareti del pozzo vengono rinforzate con l'aiuto dell'involucro (se il terreno è libero).
Video utile
A volte le pile vengono perforate e versate usando attrezzature speciali, ea volte alcune fanno le loro mani, come nel video qui sotto:
Il calcestruzzo viene versato per fasi: dopo ogni metro è necessario compattare il calcestruzzo. Per fare questo, è possibile utilizzare un tamper meccanico o un vibratore.
lastra
Un altro nome per questa specie è monolitico e fluttuante. Questo è il tipo più costoso di fondazioni, perché è una lastra di cemento con uno spessore da 10 a 50 cm o più, che viene versata direttamente sul sito su un pannello di sabbia e ghiaia.
Tale lastra si solleva con il terreno, impedendo la deformazione e la distruzione dell'edificio. Se, tuttavia, per dare gli irrigidimenti della struttura, sarà più efficace per resistere a spostamenti orizzontali.
Le indicazioni principali per la costruzione della fondazione lastra saranno gli stessi fossati e torbiere come per la pila. Pertanto, è possibile scegliere una soluzione economica. Ma per un suolo stabile e non roccioso, una tale fondazione è solo uno spreco di denaro.
Per quanto riguarda il peso del bagno, non è fondamentale per le fondazioni in lastra, ma resiste a una casa fino a 3 piani.
I vantaggi del fondotinta possono essere attribuiti all'indifferenza, anche alle alte falde acquifere. Solo il calcestruzzo deve essere resistente ai solfati.
Bene, abbiamo considerato ogni possibile base per uno stabilimento balneare, che è il migliore di loro - imparerai dalle seguenti sezioni. Ma prima guarda questo video con una conversazione sulla scelta di una fondazione. È un po 'noioso, ma è necessario, in modo che non si debbano spendere soldi per la rielaborazione.
Quale base è meglio per il bagno dipende dal terreno
Mentre abbiamo considerato i tipi di fondazioni, hai già incontrato alcune raccomandazioni per diversi tipi di terreno. Diamo questa conoscenza in ordine.
cartilaginoso
Questo è il nome del suolo, che si trova su una base rocciosa e consiste in sabbia con ciottoli.
È ideale per la costruzione, perché l'acqua non la erode, viene filtrata attraverso di essa, non si verifica il congelamento. Il terreno stesso è abbastanza durevole, ha poche rocce placate, quindi è in grado di resistere a carichi pesanti.
Su una tale base, puoi costruire la fondazione colonnare più economica. Sono anche possibili altri tipi, ma non è necessario applicarli.
sabbioso
L'acqua non indugia in essa, quindi l'acqua sotterranea di solito si trova più in profondità. In inverno, il terreno sabbioso non gela più in profondità di un metro. È anche bravo a costruire. Ma è necessario tener conto del fatto che quando è bagnato è fortemente compattato, ci sono molte rocce che si abbassano, e questo è irto di spostamenti del suolo sia verticalmente che orizzontalmente.
Nella sabbia, puoi posare e fortificare fondamenta a blocchi colonnare e a strisce.
roccioso
Una roccia senza crepe è la base più forte che rende superfluo il fondamento in quanto tale. Se stiamo parlando di frammenti di roccia, allora in questo caso vale ancora la pena fare una base con una profondità minima.
Tale terreno praticamente non si congela, il sollevamento non è peculiare, non ci sono quasi rocce di cedimento. La fondazione può essere fatta qualsiasi, ma è più vantaggioso registrare con una profondità insignificante. Sarà abbastanza economico.
argilloso
Le argille sono in grado di assorbire e trattenere l'acqua, mentre sono molto gonfie. E quando essiccati, il loro volume diminuisce e si incrinano fortemente.
Quando in inverno l'umidità nel terreno si trasforma in ghiaccio, aumenta il suo volume, causando il rigonfiamento del terreno - per spostarsi sia verticalmente che orizzontalmente.
Allo stesso tempo, il gonfiore è anche irregolare - alcune aree salgono più alte, altre più in basso. E questo ha un impatto estremamente negativo sulle fondamenta e sulla struttura.
Il gonfiore viene neutralizzato mediante scavo e sostituzione con una miscela di sabbia e ghiaia, su cui di solito si fa una striscia o fondamenta di soletta.
torboso
I terreni innestati sono tra i più sfavorevoli per la costruzione. Contengono molte impurità organiche, hanno un'elevata compressibilità. Inoltre, le torbiere sono generalmente sature di umidità. Il terreno è instabile e non tutte le fondamenta si adattano ad esso.
Se lo strato di torba è piccolo, la soluzione migliore sarebbe rimuovere lo strato di torba e sostituirlo con sabbia e ghiaia. Ma quando lo strato di torba è troppo grande, devi posizionare l'edificio su una base di pali o lastre.
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Oltre al tipo di terreno che dovrebbe essere interessato a: la profondità del suo congelamento (si può trovare nelle tabelle dei geologi) e l'altezza delle acque sotterranee nel sito.
Ma un video sensato sui tipi di fondazioni e le regole per calcolare la profondità del loro inizio, a seconda del terreno. Risponderà alla domanda, qual è il miglior fondamento per un bagno.
Selezione e tecnologia di costruzione della fondazione per il bagno
Il bagno moderno è una struttura leggera di un tronco o di un legno, che è in grado di stare su qualsiasi tipo di fondazione. Quando si sceglie una base, è necessario costruire sulle caratteristiche del terreno nel sito e sulla fattibilità economica - basi super affidabili fatte di una lastra monolitica o pile RC per un piccolo bagno fino a 6 × 6 m saranno semplicemente superflui.
Bagno su una base di strisce
In questo articolo esamineremo i tipi ottimali di fondazioni per un bagno, forniremo raccomandazioni sul loro calcolo e sulla tecnologia di arrangiamento con le loro mani. Verranno esaminate in dettaglio le basi di nastri, colonne, viti e solette nonché una base economica di pneumatici.
Scegliere una fondazione per un bagno
Scegliendo quale fondazione è meglio per un bagno, è necessario prendere in considerazione tre fattori:
- peso e caratteristiche dimensionali dell'edificio;
- condizioni
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enhance its beauty, and maximize its role as a neighborhood gathering place.Lo scandalo planetario dei bambini indiani abusati e seppelliti nelle scuole cattoliche canadesi come al solito era una bufala. I vescovi si sono affrettati a chiedere perdono, ma per cosa? Semmai è il governo Trudeau che dovrebbe chiedere scusa.
Ricordate lo scandalo planetario dei bambini indiani abusati e seppelliti nelle scuole cattoliche canadesi? Come al solito, bastava aspettare e la verità vera sarebbe venuta a galla. Il Canada si sarebbe risparmiato l’incendio di diverse chiese papiste e il Vaticano i 30mln di dollari da destinare a iniziative di pacificazione coi nativi locali. Il sito Aleteia.org riporta lo studio effettuato dallo storico Jacques Rouillard dell’università di Montreal.
Tutto parte da chissacchì ma fa niente, e subito i media sparano che «centinaia di bambini» sono stati «sepolti segretamente» in «fosse comuni» nei terreni di scuole cattoliche in tutto il Canada. Alcuni addirittura «uccisi». Nientemeno. Rouillard è andato a vedere le carte (e ha fatto anche presto, visto che lo scandalo è dell’anno scorso) e ha ristretto il cerchio: innanzitutto non si tratta dell’intero Canada ma solo della Scuola Residenziale Indigena Kamloops.
I documenti dicono che in detta scuola tra il 1915 e il 1964 - mezzo secolo - sono morti in tutto 51 bambini, i più di malattia e alcuni per incidente. Ma allora - direte voi - donde il montaggio sul caso? Un semplice sentito dire. La leader indigenista Rosanne Casimir aveva parlato di 215 bambini «scomparsi», alcuni di appena tre anni, nei terreni di quella scuola: disse che si trattava di una voce corrente nella comunità indiana.
Le prospezioni radar confermarono la presenza di «anomalie» nel terreno. L’antropologa Sarah Beaulieu supervisionò le scansioni e disse che, sì, poteva trattarsi di «sepolture». Voi che cosa avreste fatto a quel punto? Vi sareste messi a scavare per vedere se era vero. Invece no, nessuno scavo è mai stato fatto, né allora né poi. Ma, come dicono i marxisti, chissenefrega dei fatti.
Il premier canadese Justin Trudeau si affrettò a dichiarare che «resti mortali sono stati ritrovati nell’ex scuola residenziale di Kamploops». Sic. E che «questo doloroso promemoria di quel capitolo oscuro e vergognoso della storia del nostro Paese», ahimè, «mi spezza il cuore». L’uomo dal cuore tenero non a caso ha trasformato il Canada nella patria del politicamente corretto più avanzato. Un altro core spiezzate è quello della Cina –tenetevi forte- che nel giugno 2021 ha chiesto al Tribunale dei Diritti Umani dell’Onu di processare i responsabili dei «resti umani» di Kamloops.
I vescovi canadesi, lionhearts, si sono affrettati a esibirsi nell’ultimo sport in voga tra i prelati: chiedere perdono. E prima ancora di sapere de che. Ma se proprio qualcuno deve scusarsi, in omaggio alla political correctness così cara al governo canadese, è il governo canadese stesso. Infatti, quelle scuole erano state a suo tempo create e finanziate allo scopo di integrare i figli dei nativi. Cioè, di farli diventare cittadini secondo il modello allora in voga: capelli corti, lavati e pettinati, vestiti da bianchi e istruiti.
Per quest’opera il governo si avvalse delle congregazioni religiose, di cui quelle cattoliche erano solo le meglio organizzate. E poi se si parla di complotto ci danno addosso? Come nel caso del film Magdalene, non a caso Oscar, e poi Il caso Spotlight, Oscar pure lui, e via premiando, se non c’è una regia in tutti questi pretesi scandali che coinvolgono la Chiesa cattolica e puntualmente smentiti quando è troppo tardi, allora Agatha Christie non capiva niente di gialli.ATEŞİ GÖZETLEME VE AYARLAMA
“Fişek bir kere ateşlendiğinde hiçbir atıcı ve ben karşı tarafın ne kadar vicdanlı olduğunu düşünmeyiz. Tüfek yüzünüze çarpar ve hedef noktayı görmeniz engellenir, hedef etrafında toz ve toprak uçuşur ve görüntü berraklaştığı zaman hedef yok olmuştur. Vuruldu mu veya kaçıp gitti mi, bir şey söyleyemezsiniz. Fakat gözetleyiciniz söyleyebilir.”
Yzb. H.W. McBride
İngiliz keskin nişancı, Birinci Dünya Harbi
McBride’ın da dediği gibi geri tepme atıcının hedefi görmesini engellediği için keskin nişancının kesin olarak neden gözetleyiciye gereksinim duyduğunun tek ve basit nedenidir. Keskin nişancının eğer bir atış daha yapma fırsatı olursa yanında mutlaka nereyi vurduğunu söyleyecek bir gözetleyici bulunması gerekmektedir.
Her iki şahsın da çatışmaya kendini verdiği keskin nişancı ekibi başarılı olur. Keskin nişancıya daha fazla ilgi gösterilmiş fakat gözetleyicisine yeterli ilgi gösterilmemiştir.
Başarılı bir çatışma esnasında gözetleyicinin aşağıdakilerini yapabilmesi gerekmektedir:
- Gizlenmiş, çok az görülebilen hedef hakkında keskin nişancı ile konuşmak.
- Keskin nişancı ateş ederken çekirdeğin hedefi vurup vurmadığına bakmak.
- Keskin nişancının bir sonraki atışını isabet ettirecek şekilde ayarlamak.
Bu görevler çok kolay tarif edilebilir fakat her birini keskin nişancının atışı esnasında uygulamak biraz zor ve kritiktir. Bazı eski keskin nişancılar gözetleyicinin timin en tecrübeli elemanı olması gerektiğini söylüyorlar.
Keskin Nişancıyla Hedef Hakkında Konuşma
İkilemi hayalinizde canlandırın. Acemi bir gözetleyici el dürbününden veya noktalama dürbününden bir hedefi izliyor fakat gözlerini ayırmadan keskin nişancıyı nasıl yönlendireceğini bilmiyor ve eğer gözlerini ayırırsa hedef görüntüsünü kaybedecek.
Gözetleyici ne yapmalıdır?
İlk olarak, geniş perspektiften bakarak Görüş Alanınız içerisindeki referans noktaları veya sınır taşlarını bulunuz. Normal olarak hedefi görünürde tutmalısınız, fakat eğer etrafında özel bir şey yoksa hedefe çok yakın yerlere sağ veya sol işaretleri koyabilirsiniz. Hedefi gözden kaybetmemek için optiklerinizi görüntünün arkasında tutunuz.
Seçtiğiniz referans noktası, örnekte gösterildiği gibi basit olmalıdır. A noktasını tarif etmek için: “Yatırılmış teli görüyor musun? Asılı olduğu direğin sağından çizmeye başla ve koruluğa kadar uzat. Hedef bu noktanın beş metre solunda, en yakın iki ağacın arasında.” demelisiniz. B noktasını tarif ederken: “Kavşaktan yaklaşık 50 yard kadar geriye güneye ağaçlara doğru gel. Açıklığı görüyor musun? Hedef açıklığın uzak tarafında yalnız ağaç gövdesinin yanında.” demelisiniz. C noktası içinse : “Kuzeye doğru beşinci çit direğinin köşesinde, çalılığın kuzey ucunda.” demelisiniz. (Alan tanıdık olmadan ve doğrultular kesin olarak bilinmeden pusula kullanmayan keskin nişancıdan nefret ederim.)
Diğer bir konuşarak hedef tarif etme ve ateş ayarlama tekniği de hedef tahtası üzerinde gösterilen saat sistemidir. Merkez noktası, düşmanın gizlendiği yere yakın bir referans noktası olmalıdır.
Hedef tahtasındaki referans noktasının sağ tarafı saat 3, sol tarafı saat 9, üst tarafı saat 12 ve alt tarafı saat 6’dır. Bu referans noktası yukarıdaki örnekte söylediğimiz ağaç gövdesi olsaydı ve C noktasını saat sistemiyle tarif etmek isteseydiniz “Saat 2 yönünde, 50 yard, çalılığın en uç noktasında” demeliydiniz.
Keskin nişancıya hedefi tarif eden gözetleyici sınır taşları veya referans noktaları kullanmaktadır.
Optik Alan Derinliği yüzünden hedefin gerçek yeri hakkındaki görsel yanılma gözetleme sırasında benim karşılaştığım özel bir problemdir.
Yani, optik cihazla uzak mesafeler gözetlenirken çukur alanlar aynı düzlemde basık olarak görünmektedir. Tehlikenin farkına vararak bunun üstesinden gelebilirsiniz, ancak özel olarak bu amaç için dizayn edilmediği sürece optik cihazla menzil hesaplamak gerçekten tehlikenin altını çizmek anlamına gelmektedir.
Eğer optik bir cihaz kullanmanız gerekli değilse, görünen bir referans noktasına göre yumruk genişliği, el genişliği veya başparmak genişliği kullanarak keskin nişancıya hedefin yerini hızlıca tarif edebilirsiniz. Örnekteki C Noktası başparmak kullanılarak, “Yoldan bir başparmak genişliği kadar sağ taraf, çitin yanında”, olarak tarif edilebilir.
Konuşma tekniğinin kullanıldığı bir sonraki ve son örneğimiz meskun mahalde geçmektedir ve hedefi özel bir pencerede göstermekten ibarettir. Çoğu zaman giriş katı görüş alanımızda olmadığı için binanın üst katından başlayarak aşağıya doğru katları saymaktayız. Özel bir pencereyi ayırt etmek için alfabetik sıraya göre harfler kullanmaktayız.
Bazı SWAT birlikleri daha da ileri giderek binanın her bir tarafına renk kodları da vermektedir.
Mühimmatın Etkilerini Gözetleme
Bir çekirdeğin isabet ettiği hedefi tespit etmenin yollarının bahsedildiği bir sonraki resimde 5 tane asker şekli vardır.
Sol alttaki şekil, elbise ve teçhizattaki kan lekeleri ve açık etkilerden normal olarak ne umulması gerektiğinin tipik bir örneğini teşkil eder. Tam onun üstündeki resimde ise sol göğsünden vurulmuş diğer bir hedef görüyoruz, fakat görülebilen tek iz hedefin arkasındaki duvara sıçramış kandır. Hedefin arkasında havada uçtuğu için kanın bir anlık yansımasını da görebilirsiniz ki bu bazen sigara üflemesi gibi de görünebilir.
Sağ üstteki adama gelince; onun gayr-i tabi bir şekilde yere yığıldığını görürüz. Dalmadığı veya düşüşünü kontrol edemediği, vücudu sanki sıvılaşmış gibi hareket ettiği çok açık. Bu etki edilgen bir şekilde yere düşerken kemik çarpması ve bükmenin şiddetine göre farklılık gösterir.
En sağda, şayet hedef 200 yardadan uzak 400 yardadan yakınsa çekirdeğin işitilebilen çarpma sesini duyabiliriz. Silah namlu ağzı patlama sesi, çekirdek 200 yardaya ulaştığında dağılır, fakat yaklaşık 400 yardadan sonra çekirdeğin çarpma sesini işitemeyiz.
Ortadaki son şekildeki örneğe gelince; gözlerimle görmesem buna kesinlikle inanmazdım. Bu askerin üniforması tozlu, ve onun vurulmuş olduğunu anlamanın tek kanıtı tam sol cebinin üstündeki dağılmış tozdur.
Fakat ıskalamanın tespit edilmesi konumuzun en karışık kısmıdır.
Kuvvetli bir ters rüzgar esmedikçe, ıskalar genellikle hedefin uzağında veya yakınında tespit edilebilir ama tipik bir kısa mesafe atışın çarpma noktası Görüş Sahanızın içinde olduğu için tespiti en kolay olanıdır. Kesinlikle hiçbir çarpma işareti göremediğinizde, büyük bir ihtimalle çekirdek çok yüksekten gitmiştir demektir.
Hedefin yakınında kırılma noktasından geçtiği için çoğu kez çekirdeğin izini görebilirsiniz. Bu iz demeti (resmedildiği gibi) bir jetin buğulu izine benzer. Bir saniyeden daha az süre görünen bu iz parıldayan ısı dalgalarını yaran çekirdek tarafından yaratılır. İz rüzgar hızında sürüklendiği için bu olay sadece çekirdeğin geçiş anı için doğrudur.
Keskin Nişancının Ateşini Ayarlaması
Şayet keskin nişancı hedefini ıskalamışsa, gözetleyici ona etki noktasını tam olarak tarif ederek hedeften ne kadar ıskaladığını söylemelidir. Şu önemli bir ayrıntıdır;gözetleyici ona düzeltmek için, “şu kadar sağa şu kadar sola” diye kesinlikle söylemez; sadece ona ham bilgiyi verir. Keskin nişancı bu bilgiyi yorumlar, ve dürbünü yada müteakip düzeltilmiş atış için kavrayışını nasıl ayarlayacağına karar verir.
Önceden bahsettiğimiz gibi,saat sistemi en hızlı yöntemdir; önce saat istikametini sonra hedeflenen etki noktasından inç cinsinden bir mesafe vererek etkide bulunulmuş bölgeyi keskin nişancıya anlaşılabilir en basit yolla söyleyebilirsiniz. Tabi ki çok net bir biçimde söylememiz gereken şey bu noktanın tam olarak ne olduğudur; ki bu nokta bütün askeri keskin nişancılık durumları için göğüs kafesidir. Yinede bir çok polis vakalarında bu o kadar net değildir;keskin nişancı anlamasını sağlamak için gözetleyicisine kendi niyetlendiği etki noktasını bildirir.
HEDEF BULMA
Hedef bulma her keskin nişancılık muharebesinin vazgeçilmez ilk basamağıdır. Hedef bulma başarısızsa muharebe de başarısızdır.
Hedeflerin açıkça tefrik edildiği ve kolayca görüldüğü bir atış menzilinden farklı olarak, kamufle olmuş düşmanınız kendi niyetine uygun olarak kendisini ve yerini belirsizleştirmeye çalışacaktır. Bir çok elmanın içinde bir portakalın yerini her kes kolaylıkla gösterebilirken, kahverengi ve yeşilin dolu olduğu bir tarlada kahverengi veya yeşil bir nesneyi bulmakta oldukça zorlanacaklardır. Bu ileri teknikleri gerektiren büyük bir iştir. İlerler iken savunma amaçlı tehditleri tespit eden “eşil Duvarı” bir başka yerde ele alırız. Burada tarif edilen teknikler gizlenmişken ve saldırı amaçlı hedefler aranıyorken uygulanır. Hedef bulma hedef belirtisinin optik taramasının üç seviyesini ihtiva eder. Hedefin kendisini değil, belirtilerini aradığınıza dikkat edin çünkü bu belirtiler siz düşmanı bulana kadar yoğun bir gözlemle takip edeceğiniz ipuçlarıdır.
Daha derinlemesine araştırmadan önce bazı yer gözetleme kavrayışı ile ilgili tecrübelerimi paylaşacağım.
Yer Gözetlemede En Önemli Tavsiye
- Şayet görmek için yeterli zamanı yoksa beyniniz bir şeyi bulamaz. Beyninizin bir şeyi tanımlayabilmesi için gözlerinizin o şey üzerinde bir izlenim bırakacak kadar uzun süre takılıp kalması gerekir. Başınızı çok hızlı çevirmeniz ne olduğu çözülmez bir hayal yaratır. Bir noktadan diğerine bilinçli bir taramayla gözümün hareketinin hızını belirlemeyi öğrendim, şöyle ki; geri dönüp aynı işi bir öncekine nazaran yarı hızla tekrar ediyorum hemen akabinde çeyrek hızla bir daha tekrarlıyorum. Bu en yavaş hız sonraki bütün taramalar için de belirlenmiş hız haline gelecektir. Bu işin genel kuralı şudur; potansiyel hedefiniz ne kadar küçükse veya mesafesi uzaksa gözünüzü o kadar yavaş hareket ettirmelisiniz.
- Şayet beyniniz neye baktığınızı tasavvur edemiyorsa bir şeyi bulamaz. Tecrübesiz keskin nişancılar, muhtemelen hiç bulamayacakları, elinde silah taşıyan üniformalı, tam bir insan vücudu arar dururlar. Hayır, “beyninize bir üzüm tanesi büyüklüğünde insan şekli belki de bir botun topuk kısmı, yarım yüz, bir el, bir omuz, bir namlu ağzı aradığınızı söylemelisiniz.” Eğer beyninizi hep tam bir insan vücudu aramaya programlarsanız otomatikman sayısız çoklukta insan kaynaklı kalıntı ve ipuçlarını dikkate almazsınız. Düşman donatına o kadar aşina olmalısınız ki düzensiz,karışık arka plana rağmen onun matarasının şeklini veya miğferini tefrik edebilmelisiniz.
- Gölgeliğin kıymetini bilin. Tecrübeli askerler yürümek, istirahat etmek veya çatışma pozisyonlarını almak için gölgelikleri tercih ederler. Sabit insanlar doğal olarak güneşten kurtulmak için gölgelik ararlar ve gölgeliklerin koruyucu özelliğine binaen böyle yerlerde çoğu kez bir tane düşman keskin nişancısı bulursunuz. Düşmanı bulmak için gölgelik yerlere çıplak gözle bakın. Keza sadece gizlenmek için değil göz bebekleriniz büyüyüp güneş ışıklı yeri daha net görebilmeniz için gölgelik bir yer tutun. I. Dünya Savaşında keskin nişancılık uzmanı H.W. McBride gölgeliklerin en uzun oldukları ve ışığın, yaprakları en derinden delip geçtiği güneşin doğuş ve batış vakitlerine özel önem verilmesini tavsiye etmiştir.
- Hedef bulmada başarının sırrı sabırdır. Tek bir hedef bile bulamadan bütün günlerinizi bir alanı tarayarak geçirebilir veya birkaç hızlı gözetleme yapabilirsiniz. Öylesine bir oto-kontrolünüz olmalı ki reaksiyonunuz her iki durumda da hemen hemen aynı olmalıdır. Bundan sabrın oto-dis
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S and figure 5.
As your code speed increases, you will find it impossible to print rapidly enough to keep up; therefore, typewriting is a skill also required of all Radiomen. Use of a good commercial text can help you master touch-typing. A typing course for beginners also is offered by USAFI.
Your ability to send well depends mainly upon two capabilities. First, you must know the correct sound of the character you are attempting to transmit. Second, you must know the proper method for keying with perfect control. Practicing the code aloud, as well as receiving it by oscillator, has given you a good knowledge of code sound. The proper method for keying is your next concern.
The first key you will use is the hand key. The hand key is widely used on radiotelegraph circuits and with practice oscillators. It must be adjusted properly before you can send clearcut characters. Figure 4-3 shows a hand key, with parts labeled.
The spring tension screw, behind the key button, controls the amount of upward tension on the key. The tension desired varies with operators. Too much tension forces the key button up before the dahs are completely formed; spacing between characters is irregular, and dits are not clearly defined. If the spring tension is very weak, characters run together and the space between characters is too short.
The gap between the contacts, regulated by the space adjusting screw at the back of the key, should be set at one-sixteenth inch for beginners. This measurement does not apply to every key and operator; it is a matter of personal preference. Some operators like a closed key, others an open key. "Closed" and "open" are terms for a short and a long gap. As the student progresses, further gap adjustment may be made to suit his sending speed. Contacts that are too close have an effect similar to weak spring tension. Contacts that are spaced too far have the same effect as too much spring tension.
The final adjustment of the key is the sidewise alignment of the contact points. This alignment is controlled by the trunnion screws at either side of the key. If they are too tight, the key lever binds. If they are too loose, the contacts have sidewise play. Usually, when the sidewise alignment is correct, no further adjustment is required.
Learn from the beginning the correct way to grasp the key. Do not hold the key tightly, but let your fingers rest lightly on the key knob. Your thumb rests against the side, your forefinger rests on top of the key, your other fingers are bent slightly in a relaxed position. Check figures 4-4 and 4-5 for the correct method of keying. To ensure correct movement of your wrist and forearm, your arm should lie on the operating desk. The muscle of your forearm - not your elbow - should support the weight of your arm. Your elbow should not extend over the edge of the table, because the pressure of the underside of your forearm will partly block circulation and tire you. Sit upright, with your arm in line with the key.
Your ability to transmit depends to a great extent on acquiring the proper movements of your wrist and hand while operating the key. To close the key, your wrist moves upward and your hand rocks downward toward your fingertips. To open the key, these two movements are reversed- your wrist comes down and your hand rocks back.
Make your wrist flexible. Limber it up. Correct wrist action may be developed by moving your wrist up and down like a hinge. Another exercise is rotating your hand in clockwise circles, with your wrist held in a stationary position. These exercises will relieve any undue tension you may experience when first beginning to transmit.
The semiautomatic key, also known as the bug or speed key, is used chiefly when operators are required to send for relatively long periods of time. It is designed to make sending easy instead of fast. Hence, perfect control of the key is far more important than speed.
In sending with the bug, the thumb presses
the dit paddle (fig. 4-6) to the right, and the
index finger forms dahs by pressing the knob
to the left. The key sends successive dits when
the paddle is held to the right. One dit or a
series may be sent, depending on how long the
thumb pressure is maintained against the paddle.
One dah is formed every time the knob is pressed
to the left. Dahs must be sent individually. While sending, the hand pivots at the wrist; the hand and arm motion is horizontal.
Best operation of the semiautomatic key is obtained when it is adjusted to send dits and spaces of equal length. Adjust the key as follows, locating the parts in figure 4-6 when adjusting the key:
If the adjustment instructions are followed carefully, the bug makes 25 or more dits before stopping. The first 12 to 15 dits will be practically perfect, with the dits and spaces equal.
Good operators have sending rhythm, and you can acquire it in just one way: by practice.
It may be difficult for you to key correctly at first, because your wrist is unfamiliar with the type of movement required for sending telegraphic code. Your wrist will be stiff, and you'll have to get rid of that stiffness by a lot of practice. Don't favor the stiffness of your wrist. If you do, your sending will be choppy.
The following exercises have been prepared carefully. Use them as an instruction guide.
Try these practice groups several times, backward and forward. Make them clearly and distinctly, spending more time on characters that cause you any trouble.
MEET EMIT MITE ITEM
MINED UNITED READY MAUDE TEAMED
DOOM MOST ROAD MOTOR WORST MOTION
WOKE ANCHOR DOMO
SOB BASSINET BIND BESTED BEAUTY
SNOB BABBITT BURST
Practice the remaining letters of the alphabet and the numerals. When you think you're ready for it, practice the code exercises that follow.
1. E E E T T T A A A N N N I I I S S S H H H M M M O O O E E E T T T A A A N N I I I S S S H H H M M M O 0 0 E E E T T T I I I M M M A A A N N N S S S O 0 0 H H H E E E T T T E E E T T T I I I M M M I I I M M M A A A N N N A A A N N N S S S O O O S S S 2. U U U V V V D D D B B B K K K C C C W W W J J J P P P U U U V V V D D D B B B K K K C C C W W W J J J P P P W W W J J J P P P U U U V V V K K K C C C B B B D D D U U U D D D V V V B B B P P P J J J C C C K K K W W W D D D B B B V V V U U U W W W J J J 3. R R R L L L F F F G G G Z Z Z X X X Y Y Y Q Q Q R R R L L L F F F G G G Z Z Z X X X Y Y Y Q Q Q G G G Z Z Z F F F L L L R R R Y Y Y Q Q Q R R R X X X Z Z Z R R R F F F L L L Q Q Q Y Y Y G G G Q Q Q Y Y Y R R R 4. 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 Ø Ø Ø 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 Ø Ø Ø 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 Ø Ø 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 Ø Ø 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ø 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 5. V U I Y Q Z C X G R S L K J P Q X Z R I F C V B W F K D S H Q Z A L K F B V R S T U O T M E G Y Z X V E G N I W S L H M U A E V U A E W Q G H V C I X Z L N R Y U K V U 6. E 8 Y 7 B 6 X 1 W Ø Z 2 A 3 C 5 S 4 1 2 F U 1 F 5 D 8 Q 4 T 6 U 9 Q 2 E Ø S 5 U l Y G 2 J 4 S 3 E 5 T 7 Z 8 K 6 M 9 R l A 2 R S 7 W B E 9 R 2 A 3 Z 3 X 6 U 8 B 7 C 6 T 7. MI AN SY NL TY CE DO PS CX ZW QA PK LN HU WC VN BM ZS CD QA IU SD LM UH GY TR DC VT AR YU FD SA IG WQ XT ZI NY OT ED BM LP YU GH BY RE DF LS WQ XS ZI TY BG NH JV KL MD MI AN SY NL TY CE DO PS 8. EF TS 16 29 83 ZJ 45 Ø7 WR ND KW IC UX 91 Ø2 1B LO FG 84 63 XW AC TM SU 5Ø 72 XR RJ ZM 43 65 VH 97 LM 12 46 7Ø FC FE EY 34 56 27 FT FY JU IT 98 76 75 52 DE WE QT 13 36 57 KF RI YT 19 93 35 41 FK YU 96 Ø1 MC AR TH 19 25 3Ø UR BO UL 32 Ø5 21 9. NDT EGH RTS LYB FCC ZEX PIH CWE LKJ QIE NUG CVT EPL SZW QAU SH GBT VRT GIK GYO DCM XSD ZAU YER DLN URG HNB VDX ZWS QTA GHI PT MBY PLK RDC ESX IUP PKJ NYH GHT DFR VED SWN VBT XFZ RDA SEN FU GBC YRF DSE WNJ GVA SWQ QIX ZOT MEH GKD BGV CFI ATA RUR SAC LT NVR DAB BLM INY EGB LKO MWD SKZ QLD YGB NDT EGH RRS FLM FCC ME 10. OVLH MYBL URXO HIZO VICT FINX SCXS HTYV IQNT UBML ABLB EJLN CYZB ZWCN JNDZ UTLZ KLAB DEFZ VNUW KFRE 11. JICOY TXSTY 38Ø95 RDIHA JXTDZ OXYDW XPZSY RSPHD 89706 CUSPI RNBRJ 65289 ZONIG FYEQU ARQNV RNLPT KAKOZ 8784Ø BVGAN WKOQT SRQMT UJVWN 45872 YXBCX AFKOZ OGLCT NIHGP 12349 ATUSK SLEWQ 12. OLMX MVNH UWQR NVUT KUXF CDEH LYHE DIPA ZQWI AYSK QIQA WMNW ZIHZ CAKD BTGW WNLI PWBU OXAD XFRJ IQCA 13. ZMJXI URYNC 9347Ø PQAZM DEGVM NCBVG HUGHY 13267 PHRAN QUECC 1289Ø MCNDH EUIRY WQAZX IRSVZ MCURI 72439 OYTRW PIQAW CNJWO OWQAJ OISKM 1Ø7Ø6 DGFHG KSBOU 14. UTHA VNCB RFDS EDCD CXVD RWQI MNJF STRO TNBL UJHK NIOQ JUYR GBNX VCXT RJTU BCDV CGFH 5781 JGVX HGJD
Continue sending to yourself with the practice key and oscillator. If you can operate with another striker, so much the better. Sit down at an unused operating position and tune in some slow code. It is not hard to find, especially on amateur frequencies. Copy as best you can. Don't worry too much about missing letters. Get what you can, no matter how little it is. As your speed picks up, tune in faster code. If you find you are copying a certain speed solidly, the code is too slow. Keep it faster than you can copy comfortably.
You will need lots of practice. Class A Radioman Schools ashore run a full day, and for months a man copies code several hours daily. Make the transition from pencil copying to the typewriter as soon as possible.
As you gain skill, try copying the 18-wpm to 20-wpm fleet broadcasts. Devote as much time as possible-15 or 20 hours per week-not just an hour now and then. Do not be afraid to use some of your off-duty time. Simultaneously, begin to learn how to hold down a circuit. One of the best ways to do this is to spend several watches logging circuits that other operators are manning. At the end of every watch, compare your log with that of the regular operator, and question him about anything you do not understand. That way you see procedure in use and gain practice in copying many fists.
Learn to copy behind. If you are recording B as D, S as I, J as W, and so on, you are copying too close. The farther behind the better. At first, listen to one character while setting down the previous one. Try to fall back one letter more. Listen for the character while carrying one in your head and setting down the one before that. Once you have the knack, you will find copying behind is easier, faster, and more accurate. The faster the code, the farther, you must stay behind. Watch an oldtimer copy press at 35 or 40 wpm. You will find he is carrying anywhere from 5 words to a sentence in his head.
One further word of advice: It is common for a student learning code to hit a plateau. The regular progress to higher speeds stops, and for a time the student finds himself unable to copy faster than a certain speed. If this happens to you, just stay with it until your speed picks up. Never lose confidence in the knowledge that any may of ordinary ability can learn the code if he puts in the necessary time and work.1、问：从入党积极分子中确定发展对象，有什么要求或程序？
答：入党积极分子经过一年以上的培养教育后，要按照一定的程序确定为发展对象。首先联系人要向党支部汇报培养情况，提出该同志是否可以列为发展对象的意 见；负责联系该同志的党小组要对其进行评议，向支部提出发展意见；党支部在征求其他党小组意见后召开支部党员大会听取党员意见；征求党外群众意见，对群众 反映的意见，支部要进行核实；支部在广泛听取意见后，召开支委会，讨论该同志是否可以列为发展对象；最后党支部要将确定发展对象情况报上级党组织。
2、问：入党申请人、入党积极分子、发展对象，这三个不同的概念有什么区别？
答：这三个概 念表示了一名要求入党的同志从申请加入党组织到被发展入党所经历的三个不同阶段。凡符合党章第一条规定，向党组织正式提出入党申请的人，均称作“入党申请 人”。经党小组或共青团组织推荐，党支部委员会研究同意符合入党积极分子条件的入党申请人，可确定为“入党积极分子”。党支部对入党积极分子应安排培养联 系人，并有具体的培养教育计划和措施。入党积极分子经过一年以上的培养教育，经党支部委员会讨论，具备党员条件、准备近期发展的同志被称为“发展对象”。
3、问：“籍贯”一栏有没有规范的填法？
答：中组部、国家档案局1991年颁布的《干部档案工作条例》中规定：籍贯填写本人的祖居地（指祖父的长期居住地）。籍贯和出生地按照现行政区填写。
举例来说，建国初期，一位同志的父亲从世代居住的上海来北京工作，此后该同志的父亲一直在京居住，那么北京就是其父的长期居住地。这位同志在填写籍贯时， 他的籍贯就是祖父的长期居住地上海，而不是北京。而这位同志的子女再填写籍贯时，子女的籍贯就是北京了。
再有，填写“籍贯”一栏时，还要按照现行政区划来填写，因为建国以来国家多次调整行政区划。如重庆人，过去籍贯写成四川省即可，现在就要写成重庆市，因为重庆市现在是直辖市了。
4、问：填写入党志愿书时，对“家庭主要成员”和“主要社会关系”两个栏目如何填写？
答：“家庭主要成员”一栏，主要填写本人的父母（或抚养者）、配偶和子女，以及和本人长期在一起生活的人；“主要社会关系”一栏，主要填写同本人联系密切或影响较深的亲戚、朋友等。
5、问：什么是“三会一课”？
答：所谓“三会一课”是指：定期召开支部党员大会、支部委员会、党小组会，按时上好党课。
“三会一课”制度是党的基层支部长期坚持的重要制度，也是健全党的组织生活，严格党员管理，加强党员教育的重要制度。在新的历史条件下，加强党的自身建 设，仍须重视和坚持这一行之有效的制度，认真坚持“三会一课”制度，对于加强党支部建设，提高基层
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گس ها باعث خارش پوست می شوند و برای تولید مثل در لوله های فاضلاب دیده شدند.
در سال 2003 در جریان حمله آمریکا به عراق، نظامیان آمریکایی از نیش مگس های ریز رنج می بردند تا جایی که به بیماری «لیشمانیوز» مبتلا شدند. این بیماری در عراق و افغانستان شایع است و در موارد حادّ چنانچه درمان نشود جان بیمار را بگیرد.
چرا پنتاگون خفاش ها را جمع آوری کرده و مورد مطالعه قرار می دهد؟
گفته می شود، خفاش ها حامل ویروس های ابولا، سندروم تنفسی خاورمیانه و سایر بیماری های مرگبار هستند، اما اکنون دقیقا مشخص نیست این ویروس ها چگونه به انسان منتقل می شوند.
مطالعات مختلفی در چارچوب برنامه های مشترک بیولوژیکی وابسته به آژانس کاهش تهدیدات دفاعی انجام شده تا باکتری های بیماری زا در خفاش ها را که از نظر نظامی اهمیت دارند، بررسی کنند.
آمریکا طراح ویروس کرونا
به نظر می رسد، خفاش های حامل ویروس «کرونا» یا عامل سندرم تنفسی در خاورمیانه است که به طور مستقیم به انسان یا شتر منتقل می شود.
آمریکا بر روی ویروس کرونا ، مطالعاتی انجام داد که هدف از آن ارتقای امکان گسترش عوامل بیماری زا و تشدید آن است.
انتهای پیام/ تسنیم/ ن01 Aralık 2022
Laktak Sensörler Spor Fizyolojisine Katkıda Bulunur Mu?
Spor ve fitness için giderek artan sayıda giyilebilir laktat sensörü mevcut olsa da bu yeni teknolojinin anlaşılmasında mutlak bir gelişme olmamıştır ve terdeki laktatın izlenmesinin yararlılığı konusundaki tartışmalar devam etmektedir. Amerikan Kimya Derneği'nin bir dergisi olan ACS Sensors'da yakın zamanda yayınlanan bir makalede, çelişkili ve eksik kanıtların yakın geçmişine rağmen, spor fizyolojisinin bu teknolojinin yaralanmaları önlerken performansı artırıp artıramayacağına odaklandığı
belirtiliyor.
Makalenin ortak yazarları, KTH Kraliyet Teknoloji Enstitüsü'nde doçent ve yardımcı doçent olan Gaston Crespo ve Maria Cuartero, laktat sensörü teknolojisinin vaadinin, yani bir sporcunun kendini çok fazla mı yoksa çok az mı zorladığını gerçek zamanlı olarak belirleyebilmenin, birkaç temel nedenden ötürü henüz ulaşılamaz olduğunu
söylüyor.
Crespo, ''Spor performansı ile laktat konsantrasyonu arasındaki bağlantı
hakkında yeterli kanıt yok,'' diyor. ''Ayrıca terdeki laktat ile kan dolaşımındaki laktat arasındaki bağlantının yanı sıra diğer biyobelirteçlerle olan bağlantılar konusunda da bir anlayış eksikliği var.''
Laktat veya laktik asit,
kas hücreleri oksijen olmadan glikozu enerjiye dönüştürdüğünde anaerobik solunumun bir yan ürünüdür. Sporcunun kanından örnek almak, spor bilimcilerin ve antrenörlerin sporcunun kondisyonunu ve zindeliğini değerlendirmelerine yardımcı olur. Ancak zor bulunan altın standart, laktatı gerçek zamanlı olarak izleyen bir sensör olacaktır.
Araştırmacılar mevcut araştırmaları incelerken, ter laktatı ile kan laktatı arasındaki korelasyonu
belirlemek için güvenilir veriler sağlayan ter toplama ve analizine yönelik evrensel olarak kabul görmüş bir yaklaşımın henüz bulunmadığına dikkat çekiyorlar. Makale, giyilebilir cihazlara entegre edilmiş elektrokimyasal laktat sensörlerinin mevcut durumunun bir analizini sunmakta ve teknolojinin nihai başarısı için geliştirilmesi veya değiştirilmesi gereken temel özellikleri listelemektedir.
Bunlar arasında araştırmacıların temmuz ayında aynı dergide yayınlanan kendi teknolojileri de yer alıyor: laktat biyosensörünün yanı sıra pH ve sıcaklık sensörleri içeren bir epidermal yama. Makale, ACS Sensors'da yayınlandığından bu yana derginin en çok okunan makalelerinden biri olarak vurgulandı.
Sıcaklık ve pH tipik olarak laktatın elektrokimyasal okumalarını etkileyerek beklenenin çok altında ölçümlere neden olur. Bu nedenle araştırmacılar, sensörün dış kısmında özel olarak tasarlanmış bir polimer katman kullanarak terdeki laktatı izole etmenin bir yolunu
geliştirdiler. Polimer, sensördeki reaktif enzimi laktat dışında herhangi bir şeye tepki vermekten koruyor ve sensörün elektrokimyasal sensörlerin tipik olarak yaptığından daha yüksek laktat konsantrasyonlarını okumasını sağlıyor.
Sistemin geleceği iki yönlü. Ticari ve deneysel. Crespo, araştırmacıların Avrupa İnovasyon ve Teknoloji Enstitüsü'nden (EIT) aldıkları hibe ile kurdukları IDRO BV adlı yeni bir şirket aracılığıyla ticari olarak geliştirildiğini söylüyor.
Ayrıca, İsveç'teki Dalarna Üniversitesi'ndeki araştırmacılarla yapılan bir işbirliği kapsamında, kan ve ter ölçümlerinin sporcuların spor performansıyla ilişkilendirildiği
vücut üzerinde testler yapmak için bu teknoloji kullanılıyor. Buna ek olarak, sensör performansının laboratuvar tabanlı doğrulaması için ter örnekleri toplanıyor.
KTH araştırmacıları, laktat üretiminin pasif kaslardan ziyade aktif kaslara bağlı olup olmadığı gibi son makalelerinde gündeme getirdikleri kilit soruları yanıtlamayı amaçladıkları tüm vücut testlerini gerçekleştirmek için İsveç'teki Dalarna Üniversitesi ile iş birliği yapıyor.场地终于乔好 2天移到斗六决赛在洲际
2019年亚锦赛赛程表终于确定，先前由于中职总冠军队伍不明朗，因此亚锦赛场地一直无法确定，昨日确定由Lamigo桃猿与中信兄弟争冠，且总冠军赛程也出炉，亚锦赛场地终于乔好，洲际球场因
伊朗制止女性球迷现场看竞赛的不合理传统，在国际足总（FIFA）的请求下终究解除了。伊朗下周四将于世足资格赛主场对阵柬埔寨，官方在德黑兰阿札迪球场设置「女性专区」，释出3500张门票上网预售，几分钟内就被抢购一空。
阿札迪球场能够包容78000人，FIFA向路透社示意，女性专区将会有4600个位子，届时FIFA也会调派代表，监视现场对女性观众的动线筹划。
伊朗自从1979年的伊斯兰反动后，男性活动赛事就制止女性观众入场，但外国女性不受限定。本年6月伊朗男足主场对叙利亚的国际友谊赛，有一群女性观众被挡在阿札迪球场外，并遭到拘留。
1800出赛后画句点 彭政闵生涯成绩底定
中华职棒30年最后一场例行赛，除了是Lamigo桃猿易主前最终战，也是中信兄弟球星「恰恰」彭政闵例行赛最后一场，刚好达成生涯1800场出赛。
上月有一名伊朗女球迷由于想看竞赛被捕，自焚抗议这类不公平的报酬，也唤起FIFA对此的注重，请求伊朗足协对女性开放竞赛。FIFA示意，不只是世足资格赛，将来该国一切的足球竞赛，都不能够制止女性入场。
固然，男足竞赛在伊朗开放女性入场并最先售票，只是踏出了第一步，号令让伊朗女性免费看球的整体「开放球场」示意，伊朗足协此次售票没有任何通告，她们照样透过社群网站才获得音讯，「状况异常杂沓。」
「开放球场」整体指出，她们对售票一事异常乐见，但也忧郁届时球场的女性专区，会否制止母亲带她们的儿子一同出场看球，另有女性身障者可否顺遂进入球场，状况现在都还不明确。在伊朗看足球要真正到达「男女平等」，另有路要走。
原文衔接:https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20191005002664-260403
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Edificio residenziale, Parma, 2004
Il progetto sperimenta un rapporto, di contiguità e di contrasto, tra il sistema pilastrato e la superficie muraria, ove il primo disegna il perimetro della costruzione, ed afferma, quale norma, la reiterazione del medesimo modulo che muta raddoppiandosi in prossimità dell’angolo del fabbricato. La regola della struttura verticale resiste perentoria, scandendo l’ordine delle campiture sempre uguali, mentre il muro di tamponamento tra le strutture persegue un’omogeneità materica sugli angoli con i pilastri, e, al contrario sulle facciate da questi si allontana, per alternare piani sfalsati.
La contrapposizione tra la ripetuta struttura pilastrata, rivestita in laterizio scuro e l’apparato murario arretrato, dai colori compositi, che nel dispiegarsi disegna logge, vuole affermare la relazione tra la severa misura geometrica, e la fragilità di quella parte interna dai tratti squillanti. Il cornicione, infine, una linea orizzontale di un lucido verde acqua, diviene la misura di questa variazione con alcuni dei pilastri che si interrompono lì dove l’arretramento murario li ha resi ormai distanti dai tamponamenti e, quindi, distaccati dal sistema costruttivo originario. Si modula una sequenza di arretramenti estesi sino alla copertura che, alleggerita, rivela contro il cielo, il disegno frammentato della propria struttura metallica.一个人的身份可以改变，而不必让他飞出阿联酋。仅用于说明目的的图片。
声明说：“不幸的是，困难的现实是，近几个月来，我们没有达到作为远征邮轮行业领头羊的期望值。”。
?提交上述所有文件，以获得最终取消批准。
安永印度网络公司SR Batliboi&Associates对沃达丰在印度的业务进行审计。
经冲销等一次性损益调整后，Waitr表示，该季度亏损约1540万美元。收入为4920万美元。
?取消人力资源和酋长国部的公司卡。
IAATO的代理执行董事特里·沙勒博士写道：“然而，根据IAATO的规章制度，由于没有缴纳会费和费用，截至11月1日，有一次远洋探险队是IAATO的成员‘信誉不好’。”。سامانه پیامکی ۸۰۰ و کد دستوری *۸۰۰# دو روش پیشنهادی به کاربران برای لغو پیامک های تبلیغاتی است که مدتی است راه اندازی شده اند.
به گزارش کلیک، پس از گذشت چند ماه از اجرای این طرح، برخی کاربران همچنان معتقدند که این روش برای حذف پیامک های تبلیغاتی ناکارآمد است و باز هم ناخواسته پیامک تبلیغاتی دریافت می کنند.
علی اصغر عمیدیان، معاون وزیر ارتباطات و رئیس سازمان تنظیم مقررات و ارتباطات رادیویی در این خصوص گفت: در صورت درخواست مشترک برای لغو پیامک تبلیغاتی به جرات می گوییم که دیگر امکان ارسال پیامک های تبلیغاتی از سامانه اپراتورهای موبایل وجود ندارد و در صورتی که مشترکی مدعی است که این پیامک ها را از سرشماره های پیامکی، دریافت می کند آن را اعلام کند.
عمیدیان اعلام کرد: امکان شکایت به عدم لغو پیامک های تبلیغاتی برای مشترکان موبایل وجود دارد، در این زمینه ما پیگیر شکایت و درخواست مشترکان در سازمان تنظیم مقررات و ارتباطات رادیویی به عنوان نهاد نظارتی هستیم.
وی مشکل فعلی مشترکان موبایل در دریافت پیامک های تبلیغاتی را مربوط به ارسال کننده شخصی عنوان کرد.
رئیس سازمان تنظیم مقررات ارتباطات تاکید کرد: در صورت درخواست لغو پیامک تبلیغاتی، از نظر فنی امکان ارسال این پیامک های تبلیغاتی در شبکه اپراتورهای موبایل وجود ندارد. ضمن اینکه با ارسال کنندگان شخصی پیامک های تبلیغاتی برخورد می شود.
رئیس سازمان تنظیم مقررات ارتباطات، از مشترکان موبایل خواست در صورت مشاهده این موارد، موضوع را از طریق شکایت به سامانه ۱۹۵ اطلاع دهند تا بلافاصله با ارسال کننده پیامک برخورد قاطع صورت گیرد.Newgrange passage tomb in the Boyne Valley – County Meath, Ireland is the oldest, fully in-tact building in Ireland, and probably in western Europe. According to Mary Gibbons who offers excellent tours of Newgrange, the tomb dates back 5000 years, predating the pyramids of Egypt, Stonehenge and all the other tombs and prehistoric enclosed structures in Ireland and Britain. Newgrange was a center for spiritual ritual and has remained intact since the Stone Age. The inside is large with a center chamber large enough for 20 people to stand and three side chambers. Early people of the Boyne Valley placed cremated remains in these side chambers.
If the Middle Ages had their cathedrals, the Stone Age had its passage tombs, and Newgrange is the equivalent of Rome. Mary Gibbons’ most memorable quote for me is, “Newgrange is the oldest building in the world still standing in its original form.” The “building” is what’s inside – the door, the descending path, the roof, the carvings, the walls, the side chambers. This was a feat of precision engineering. And 5000 years later, it still works.
From the outside, Newgrange looks like a large, flat, round building with a grass roof and stone sides. These outside cosmetics are new and not part of the original structure. But the tomb itself and the entrance has not been altered. The entrance is dominated by a mammoth-size boulder with intricate spiral and diamond shaped carvings. One had to cross over this stone to gain entry.
Above the entrance to the tomb is a stone lintel which allows light to pass into the tomb on the Winter Solstice (December 21) – the shortest day of the year. Newgrange was built according to a specific blueprint that allowed for the tomb to be illuminated by the sun on the day when sunlight shines for the shortest amount of time. The illumination is a gradual beam of light that pierces the pathway into the tomb and shines across the floor. lasts approximately 15 minutes. Then total blackness sets in again … until the next year.
This illumination is simulated for visitors with a flashlight. Though it’s not “pure” light, it’s still pretty impressive to experience. Every visitor in that chamber is wondering the same thing …. “What would it be lie to be here at the Solstice?”
Everyone wants to be at Newgrange during the winter solstice – including me. But to be present, you must enter the yearly lottery. Applications are at the Bru Na Boinne Visitor Center. If you can’t fill one out in person, you can email and request a staff person there fill one out on your behalf. The drawing for 50 lucky people (who are invited to bring a guest) happens in September. Last year there were 31,531 entries.
Spirals and diamonds appear on other stones at Newgrange, including one of the curbstones around the back. Many have guessed at what the spirals mean. The best definition I heard was the the spirals symbolize how time passes – rather than linear, time is circular, like the seasons. While we live in this time we could be passing closely by those who lived before us and will live after us. Time turns – rather than passes.
Though it’s against the rules to use any cameras in the tomb, I snapped this photo with my cell phone as I was exiting. It shows how narrow the path is. It’s amazing that all the calculations for building the tomb still fit, allowing the sun to penetrate the darkness on the Winter Solstice. Light must have been important to the Boyne Valley early civilizations. It was here that they built one of the greatest tributes to “light penetrating the darkness.”
Newgrange, along with the Hill of Tara and the surrounding Boyne Valley are the first stop on the Thin Places Mystical Tour of Ireland scheduled for May 2012.
We join Mary Gibbons’ tour and it is fabulous commentary as Mary is both an archaeologist and a historian, as well as a Western Ireland native with a cheeky sense of humor. Her tours are one of the highest rated in Ireland.
Check out this year’s itinerary and join us!
Content and Photos (C) copyright 2018 by Travel Hag Tours, LLC unless otherwise stated. All Rights Reserved. Use only with written permission.
Design by NXNW.IRGC, zenginleşmek için Afganistan'dan eroin ve afyon trafiğini kullanıyor. Dünyayı zehirliyorlar ve bu parayı öldürmek için kullanıyorlar.Washington’daki Demokrasiler Savunma Vakfı’nda konuşan devlet başkanı danışmanı.
McMaster IRGC'yi, insanları da ihraç eden uluslararası bir suç şebekesi olarak nitelendirdi. silâh.
IRGC "kendilerini zenginleştirmek için diğer ülkelere insan, silah, yakıt, para ve diğer yasadışı malların tedarikinde bulunuyor" dedi.
Ekim ayının başlarında ABD, İran güvenlik güçlerini uluslararası terörizmi desteklemekle suçlayarak yasaklı örgütler listesine IRGC'yi ekledi.استاندار فارس با بیان اینکه شیراز یک هزار و ۸۰۰ هکتار بافت فرسوده و ۳۵۰ هکتار بافت تاریخی فرهنگی دارد، گفت: احیای بافت تاریخی این
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i.e. Praktica.
Presented in 1958, with start of production in '59 and generally available from 1960, Zeiss Ikon AG came up with a camera that was meant to knock out the competition among the pros. Their new star was the Contarex. But it
was ugly, heavy and very expensive, and still had no IRM. Quality was good, a variety of high class lenses were offered with it, as ZI finally understood the shortcomings of the leaf shutter. But the Contarex was no big success, and was only produced until
Most West-German brands went out of business during the 60s, and Zeiss Ikon was losing too. What had been earned through many years in leading position, got wings to fly on as developing and production costs by far surpassed sales income.
In 1965 Zeiss Ikon AG merged with, or finally took over Voigtländer, after some 10 years as minority stock holder. Voigtländer was just developing a couple of interesting models at the same time. Bessaflex was a more modern camera than Contaflex,
and could have been the camera that ZI needed. But the plans were put aside.
Instead, another Voigtländer construction was released, the Icarex in 1966. That was going to be the preferred ZI camera until all camera production was ended in 1972.
But the name was not dead: Zeiss went into a co-operation with Yashica of Japan, and in 1975 the Contax RTS was born!
This camera is described in this chapter, as well as under Yashica. Still, the end of Carl Zeiss Stuttgart is defined to be
Contaflex was introduced in 1953, and was the first PP SLR from West Germany. But this western branch of Zeiss Ikon Conteflex was the first PP SLR from West-Germany and the first with Leaf Shutter, a shutter build into the lens. The camera came in many versions in the years to come. Here is one from the first edition., with a fixed 45 mm lens. Size: 127x90x51mm. Weight: 684 g. Sn. N 38855.
Simple layout: Winder with counter and shutter release button to the right. Rewind knob with DIN scale to the left. Aperture, shutter speed and focus ring on the lens. The flashshoe on the prism house was extra.
Carl Zeiss fixed Tessar Synchro-Compur 45/2.8. Sn. 1692569.
A later Contaflex of 1959, now with interchangeable lenses, winder arm and selenium metering. Sn. Y 88621.
Winder arm to the right. A dial at the upper left front to adjust setting according to metering.
Zeiss ikon Contarex of 1960. Called Bulls Eye due to the selenium light meter mounted in front of the prism. A dominating eye. The camera was HEAVY, as it consisted of very many parts and had high build quality.
Weight: 1065 grams. Size: 154x105x64 mm. Sn. T 90367.
Zeiss Ikon family..
Contarex with the bulls eye. Aperture settings was operated from the vertical dial behind the Contarex logo. ASA settings by the lowest dial under the winder.
Foldable crank rewinder to the left. Flash shoe on the prism house.
Here it starts to get crowded: winder, frame counter, ASA/DIN dial, shutter speed dial and shutter release button, all placed around the same axis on the right hand side.
A very smooth focusing ring on this Carl Zeiss Tessar 50/2,8.
1966: Icarex 35:
Although developed by Voigtländer, the introduction of the Icarex 35 had to wait until after the merger with Zeiss Ikon in 1965. The Icarex was the third in the row of PP SLRs form Zeiss Ikon AG, and introducing the third mount. This, of course
limited the variety of lenses. So, in 1970, ZI introduced an Icarex with M42 mount, but it did not help. Production of the Icarex was terminated in 1971.
The Icarex 35 of '66 had an interchangeable viewfinder with three versions: ordinary penta prism as seen here, traditional waist level prism and the metering CS prism. Weight: 743 grams. Size: 146x96x53 mm. Sn. P 27311.
ASA/DIN settings to the left, around rewinder. Shutter time setting around winder to the right. Winder has a very long stroke.
The CS version: Weight: 791 grams. Size: 146x102x63mm. (House with CS prism.) Sn. N 7582.
The CS meter was operated as follows: set the ASA/DIN value. (Inner dial on top of the prism.) Set the shutter speed on shutter speed dial and on CS meter dial. The aperture values are seen in the viewer above the subject. Turn the aperture ring on the lens until an arrow hits a circle in the viewer.
The advantage over the Bessamatic from '59 was that one could see the values in the viewer. But compared to the two years older Pentax Spotmatic, this Icarex was already far behind.
Zeiss Ikon and Voigtländer marked at the back..
but only Zeiss Ikon at the front.
1975: Contax RTS:
Knocked out by the Japanese smaller, lighter, technically more advanced and less expensive cameras, Zeiss Ikon AG in West-Germany finally had to admit that the hegemony, and the game, was over. Even the East-Germans had far bigger success with their
Prakticas than the somewhat arrogant big brothers in the west. The people at VEB Pentacon in Dresden must have had a laugh as the company that forced them to change names after winning the cases in western courts now had to give up production, while Prakticas
were sold in millions.
But Zeiss Ikon didn't quite give up. They admitted that if you cannot beat them, join them.
So, Zeiss went eastwards, all the way to Japan to cooperate. They chose Yashica as partner.
From 1975, a new Contax
was born, the RTS produced by Yashica. Lenses wore the name of Zeiss, Yashinon or Yashica, depending on the price tag.
Yashica also made other Contaxes than the RTS, the flagship.
In 1983, Yashica was taken over by Kyocera. That was just
before autofocus SLRs entered the scene, and Contax/Yashica did not manage to stand out among the few SLR camera producers still alive. But good quality cameras were still produced, including RTS II and III, diiferent versions of 137, 139, 159 and 167-models.
Then ST, S2, S2b, RX with focus assistance, AX (1996, AF, but not successful), Aria and lastly the RX II in 2002. Contax never made it into the digital era, and Kyocera stopped camera production in 2005.
The Contax RTS was a quality product. The first RTS came in 1975, the RTS II Quartz in 1982, and the final one, the RTS III in 1990. Here is an RTS II Quartz.
Allthough built in 1982, the design of handles was more or less the well known Pentax design from 1957, although the shutter time and ASA/DIN values had switched places.
A Yashica branded lens on this one, which reduced the kit price substantially compared to the Carl Zeiss branded ones.Capitolo 26
La pressione alta
Si sostiene che la pressione alta è seconda all’indurimento delle arterie come causa delle malattie cardiache nel nostro paese. La pressione alta a cui ci riferiamo in questo caso è quella forma di pressione sanguigna in aumento chiamata ipertensione.
A causa di un rimpicciolimento delle arterie, la pressione aumenta appesantendo il lavoro del cuore. Per capire il concetto di pressione sanguigna immaginiamo un tubo di gomma in cui scorre acqua. L’acqua passa attraverso il tubo ad una certa pressione. Se nel tubo viene posto un ugello, in modo tale da ostruire il flusso dell’acqua, si provoca un aumento della pressione. Se l’apertura dell’ugello viene ridotta, la pressione aumenta ancora di più. Più piccola diventa l’apertura e maggiore è la pressione. La stessa cosa avviene nelle arterie, nel fenomeno chiamato ipertensione essenziale. L’aorta, l’arteria più grossa del corpo, può essere paragonata al tronco di un albero. Le arterie principali si diramano da essa e da questa si diramano le altre, come i rami di un albero. La diramazione continua fino a che alcuni rami appaiono talmente piccoli da poter essere paragonati ai virgulti degli alberi. È proprio il restringimento di queste piccole arterie a provocare l’aumento della pressione sanguigna. Lungi dall’essere una malattia della vecchiaia, l’ipertensione viene spesso riscontrata in soggetti giovani, a volte addirittura nei bambini. Le statistiche riportano che attualmente in America vi sono cinque milioni di persone affette da tale malattia. Poiché gli standard riferiti alla pressione sanguigna non possono essere considerati validi, è probabile che gli Americani affetti da ipertensione siano in numero maggiore a quello riportato dalle statistiche. Forse, nella grande maggioranza dei casi, la pressione non raggiunge livelli abbastanza alti da essere considerati pericolosi, ma la tendenza è quella di aumentare con il passare del tempo. Comunque, non dovrebbe mai essere trascurata. è essenziale riconoscere il fatto che la pressione alta è l’anello finale di una catena di cause ed effetti che iniziano presto nella vita di un paziente; le tensioni del mondo del lavoro e gli affari personali affaticano il sistema nervoso. L’eccessiva attività sessuale è una delle cause principali. Eccessi di alimentazione, caffè, tè, tabacco, alcol e mancanza di tranquillità sono tra le cause più comuni. Anche il consumo di sale contribuisce alla sua produzione, ma attribuire solo ad esso la pressione alta significa ignorare tutte le altre influenze nella vita del paziente. Si afferma che l’ipertensione sia la causa delle malattie cardiache, e che venga provocata dai nervi. Il fatto che anche le sostanze prodotte dai reni, dalle ghiandole surrenali, forse dalle ghiandole pituitarie e tiroidee, possono provocare la pressione alta, indica che la condizione è più seria di una semplice irritazione nervosa e che è un sintomo di uno stato generale relativo all’organismo. Se questo è vero, il rimedio non consisterà in un temporaneo e forzato abbassamento della pressione, ma in una scrupolosa rimozione delle cause del danno provocato all’organismo. Generalmente, il trattamento deprime il sistema nervoso. Le operazioni chirurgiche di rimozione della ghiandola tiroidea e di porzioni del sistema nervoso del simpatico, sono entrambe basate sulla convinzione che siano gli organi del corpo la causa della malattia. Il fatto che negli animali non si manifesta mai spontaneamente il fenomeno della pressione alta, ci fa capire che nell’ipertensione dell’uomo è coinvolto il sistema nervoso. Medicine intese a deprimere il sistema nervoso, a rilassare il sistema arterioso e a deprimere il cuore sono i mezzi più comuni usati per ridurre la pressione sanguigna nei casi di ipertensione. Non è necessario sottolineare il fatto che tali trattamenti non rimuovono le cause e, permettono l’abbassamento della pressione solo fino a che le medicine verranno ingerite. In verità in molti casi, nonostante gli effetti deprimenti delle medicine, la pressione tende a salire. I farmaci presentano sempre degli effetti collaterali pericolosi, e si è costantemente alla ricerca di tipi meno dannosi. I trattamenti attualmente in uso non risultano soddisfacenti né per il paziente, né per il medico.
Le cause molteplici rendono il trattamento specifico una tragedia. Un trattamento deve avere tante sfaccettature quante ne ha la causa. Non avrà senso, ad esempio, interrompere l’abitudine del paziente di consumare sale e permettergli di fumare. Per raggiungere risultati durevoli e sicuri, ogni elemento di cause deve essere eliminato. Dobbiamo anche ricordarci che nei casi di pressione alta siamo di fronte al sintomo di uno stato sistematico generale formatosi col passare degli anni e frutto di molti antecedenti collegati tra loro. Se vogliamo raggiungere la riduzione permanente della pressione dobbiamo correggere totalmente l’anormalità relativa all’organismo. Un trattamento indirizzato solo al sintomo non può che fornire unicamente un breve sollievo. La rapidità con cui il digiuno provoca la notevole riduzione della pressione sanguigna indica l’importanza del riposo nel diminuire la tensione e l’eccitazione relativa all’organismo. La riduzione può essere talmente grande in poco tempo da strabiliare il paziente. Man mano che le sostanze tossiche vengono eliminate il sistema nervoso appare meno irritato, le funzioni dei reni, delle ghiandole surrenali, pituitarie e tiroidee vengono ristabilite e la pressione ritorna a livelli normali, addirittura inferiori, e tende a rimanere così anche dopo la ripresa dell’alimentazione. Infatti, rimarrà normale o quasi, fino a che il paziente vivrà in maniera da evitare un ulteriore sviluppo di tossiemia. Tutto questo vuole dire che la riduzione della pressione ottenuta per mezzo del digiuno, è una riduzione naturale e non una condizione forzata. L’organismo non viene danneggiato in questo modo come, invece, accade con la rimozione di una ghiandola o di una parte del sistema nervoso. Se invece di eliminare gli organi eliminassimo le cause, potremmo garantirci degli effetti più durevoli e sicuri. Come in tutte le altre situazioni, se le cause che hanno prodotto le condizioni iniziali non vengono rimosse, i sintomi si ripresenteranno. Il digiuno è un mezzo per raggiungere e mantenere un modo di vita corretto.业务领域
液压
用于伺服执行器的伺服阀安装前对液压系统的油冲洗，是涡轮机EHC（电子液压控制）系统的核心设备。
在发电厂维护时，对因长时间未使用，或长时间大气条件而停滞的机油进行合理时间循环并管理污染。
Shekinah公司冲洗块的优点是它可以同时用于多个执行器，直接安装在每个执行器上，通过打开必要的阀门使用。4TH Grade Schedule
8:35- Homeroom/Band Lessons
9:00 - Math
10:15- Word Study/Grammar/Spelling
11:50- Writer's Workshop
12:30- Reader's Workshop
1:20 - Snack
1:30- Specials - PE, Library, Technology, Music, Art
2:15 Content area
indoor board games, cards, etc
Fourth Grade News
1. Have a set place for homework and keep a pencil box filled with all the supplies they need.
2. Set a time limit. No more than 1 hour should be spent on homework.
3. Have students work on the easier homework first.
4. If they struggle with a concept, write the teacher a note with the unfinished work.
5. If they are not doing their work, make it my problem and just put it away unfinished.عراقچی: هنوز توازن در برجام برقرار نشده است
به گزارش هنجس بلاگ، معاون وزیر امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران تأکید کرد تهران کوشش می نماید با کاستن از میزان پایبندی به برجام، توازن را به این توافق بازگرداند.
به گزارش گروه مانیتورینگ بین الملل هنجس بلاگ، سید عباس عراقچی معاون وزیر امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران روز سه شنبه در مصاحبه با تلویزیون چین بار دیگر گفت تهران در کوشش است تا توازن را به توافق هسته ای بازگرداند.
عراقچی در پاسخ به شبکه سی جی تی ان در خصوص پیغام ایران، گفت: پیغام ما این است که می خواهیم این توافق را حفظ کنیم. هدف ما از بین بردن این توافق نیست. چراکه اگر غیر از این بود، می توانستیم بلافاصله پس از آنکه ایالات متحده در 8 می 2018 از این توافق خارج شد، ما هم از آن خارج شویم، هیچ کس هم ما را متهم نمی کرد، چراکه این [اقدام] عکس العملی به آن چیزی بود که ایالات متحده انجام داده بود.
وی اضافه کرد: اما ما تصمیم گرفتیم که به دیپلماسی فرصتی بدهیم، تا توافق را حفظ کنیم. و حالا همانطور که گفتم، ما داریم از حقوق خود در بند 36 برجام استفاده می کنیم. بنابراین، ما همچنان در این توافق هستیم و داریم کوشش می کنیم تا اقداماتی در جهت اصلاح [شرایط] انجام دهیم تا این توافق را حفظ کنیم.
معاون وزیر امور خارجه اضافه کرد: اگر میان داده ها و ستانده ها توازنی وجود نداشته باشد، هیچ توافقی دوام نمی آورد. و ما در حال حاضر در این توافق هیچ توازنی نداریم. ایران تا ماه می سال جاری کاملا به تعدات خود پایبند بود، اما در مقابل آن هیچ چیز دریافت نکردیم. بنابراین، آنچه ایران در حال اجرا آن است، همچنان کوشش برای احیای توازن در این توافق است، که هنوز محقق نشده است.
به نوشته سی جی تی ان، عراقچی مذاکره با آمریکا تحت فشار حداکثری را نشانه تسلیم توصیف نموده و گفته است که در شرایط کنونی، مذاکره با آمریکا در محاسبات ایران جایی ندارد.
عراقچی در ادامه در پاسخ به این سؤال که آیا مسائل داخلی آمریکا و انتخابات این کشور در معادلات ایران جایی دارد، گفت: ما روی اینکه چه کسی رئیس جمهور ایالات متحده است یا چه کسی نیست، حساب نمی کنیم. ما یک اصل و راهبرد بسیار بنیادین داریم و آن را به دقت دنبال می کنیم. ما فکر نمی کنیم تغییر رؤسای جمهور در ایالات متحده، چیزی را در ارتباط با ایران تغییر می دهد، مگر اینکه کسی بیاید که بتواند تعهداتی را که قبلا داده اند را اجرا کند و به برجام بازگردد. در آن صورت، می توانیم بار دیگر، در چارچوب برجام با آن ها گفت وگو کنیم. این تنها امکان است.
در ادامه این مصاحبه از عراقچی در خصوص
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镜子挂在炉子后面的墙上，锅里的食物会更有害。这被称为天空的火焰，这将导致房子遭受火灾或不幸。
11，炉口不利于厕所
如上所述，炉子的口部将被送往吉尔吉斯一侧。简单地说，炉子是为了吸收热情和善良。如果你吸收不干净的东西，你不需要说每个人都会理解后果。打破钱，第二个会增加痛苦。
12，门直接到厨房不好
在古代书籍《阳宅三要》中，炉子里有云，而且钱更贵。这意味着炉子位于闸门的右侧，并且有一条直线。如果是这种情况，那么这个家庭的财产就不好了，而且它被怀疑是要破钱，这甚至会损害健康。主要注意胃肠疾病。退后一步，即使厨房门与炉子一致，也不好。
问题的解决方案：只有将炉子移到炉子上才是最好的政策。
厨房炉灶的风水禁忌
炉灶面不能面向厨房门
炉灶在厨房门口，家庭不和谐，脾气暴躁，钱被损坏。
炉子没有放在厨房中间
位于厨房的中间，没有任何依赖，家庭不稳定，家庭精神被压制，破产正在铺垫。
炉子背后是柏忌
炉子应靠墙放置。店主支持烹饪，这意味着家庭稳定健康。
卧室门上的炉子是柏忌
炎症，它对家庭的健康是有害的。
炉子没有厕所支撑，但水和火都震惊了。另外，马桶容易吸引昆虫并且有痰菌。
炉子不靠近水。
水龙头类似于水龙头，水和火通常相互影响并且是危险的。它不能与冰箱相似。炉子配备防火，靠近冰箱，冷热，能耗，农村水箱，不能设置在水箱旁边或面向水箱，水和火，不适合旅途。
炉子没有放在窗户下面
窗外的沙子袭击了沙尘，不卫生。
炉灶面的方向应根据房主的方向确定。例如，房主Himu可以到东方（东方木材），这对房主有益。
炉子有高水平和低水平的护理
太高是不好做饭，太低是难以操作，86 — 100厘米更好。
炉子在直线位置上是柏忌。
火炉冲向神灵，对神灵不尊重，容易让事情发生，造成不幸的房子。
炉子不应该在门对面
炉子不应朝向门或靠近窗户。由于燃气灶和液化石油气炉被风吹走，它们会泄漏液化气体，这是非常危险的。
尽量避免挂炉子。
由于缺乏使用空间，通常情况是炉子被放置在外窗台或防盗网上的浮动位置。根据传统的说法，最好是把炉子做好。古人认为这是好事和好运;从现代安全的角度来看。可以避免许多安全隐患。
避免炉子里的黑色和红色
选择炉灶或建造炉灶面时，有些颜色不适合，如红色。因为红色是火，炉子也是五行中的火;从色彩心理分析来看，红色也容易使人脾气暴躁，所以不要避免，使用黑色是不合适的。
直接避免使用厨房炉灶和大门。
在中国传统的风水概念中，人们认为厨灶是一个烹饪和喂食的地方，所以不宜在门口引导。
西部的太阳灶不应放在西部。
传统的风水认为西部的金色气体受到火灾的影响。在西边的日落，闷闷不乐，做饭，吃饭的时候，炉子吸收这些令人窒息的不好。在炉子上烹饪的食物很容易被西方的阳光暴露，人们在进食后容易生病。
不要关闭水槽。
炉子是火，水槽是水，水和火是不相容的，两者不应太靠近。
阴阳平衡
厨房是阴区，是储存食物的地方，不是整个家庭经常使用的地方。然而，如果厨房的角落被用作临时用餐区，则可以增加厨房的阳气以平衡厨房的阴阳。3
سنجش اثربخشي و عملکرد سازماني در تصميم گيري هاي استراتژيک و ارزيابي موفقيت سازمان هاي ورزشي بسيار ضروري است. هدف اين تحقيق، مطالعه اثربخشي سازماني در فدراسيون هاي منتخب وزشي است. در اين تحقيق از رويکرد ارزش هاي رقابتي براي بررسي الگوهاي اثربخشي چهار فدراسيون بسکتبال، هندبال، وزنه برداري و تکواندو استفاده شد. اين فدراسيون ها به طور غير تصادفي و هدفدار انتخاب شدند و کليه ذينفعان (هيات رييسه، کارکنان، ورزشکاران، مربيان و داوران) جزء جامعه آماري تحقيق قرار گرفتند (N=236) و در نهايت 167 نفر در تحقيق شرکت کردند (0.072 نمونه ها). پرسشنامه محقق ساخته اثربخشي سازماني با مطالعه مباني نظري در فرايند اکتشافي تنظيم و با استفاده از روش تحليل عاملي اکتشافي 62 سوال و هشت خرده مقياس انعطاف پذيري، منابع (مدل سيستم هاي باز)، برنامه ريزي، بهره وري (مدل اهداف عقلاني) تعامل سازماني، ثبات (مدل فرايندهاي دروني) و انسجام کارکنان و نيروي انساني متخصص (مدل روابط انساني) بر مبناي رويکرد ارزش هاي رقابتي شناسايي شد. همچنين، ثبات دروني پرسش نامه با استفاده از آلفاي کرونباخ a=0.084 بود. نتايج داده هاي تحقيق نشان داد که از بين چهار الگوي اثربخشي در فدراسيون هاي ورزشي، الگوي اهداف عقلاني (برنامه ريزي، بهره وري) در هر چهار فدراسيون غالب بود و در اولويت قرار داشت. توصيف هشت عامل اثربخشي رويکرد ارزش هاي رقابتي در فدراسيون هاي منتخب ورزشي نشان داد که در عامل انعطاف پذيري، برنامه ريزي، تعامل سازماني و انسجام نيروي انساني فدراسيون بسکتبال، در عامل منابع سازماني، بهره وري و نيروي انساني متخصص فدراسيون تکواندو و در عامل ثبات سازماني فدراسيون وزنه برداري در وضعيت بهتري نسبت به ديگر فدراسيون ها قرار داشتند.Student: Did you know FIFA is also the name of a video game, Sir?
Student: Yeah. It’s part of a series. I just got FIFA 20. It’s one of my favourite games ever.
Me: Goodness me. I had no idea. I just chose the letters ‘FIFA’ completely and utterly at random!
The FIFA method is an AQA mark scheme-friendly* way of approaching GCSE Physics calculation questions. (It is also useful for some Y12 Physics students.)
I mentioned it in a previous blog and @PedagogueSci was kind enough to give it a boost here, so I thought I’d explain the method in a separate blog post. (Update: you can also watch my talk at ChatPhysics Live 2021 here.)
The FIFA method:
- Avoids the use of formula triangles
- Minimises the cognitive load on students when approaching calculations.
Why we shouldn’t use formula triangles
Formula triangles are bad news. They are a cognitive dead end.
During a university admissions interview for veterinary medicine, I asked a prospective student to explain how they would make up a solution for infusion into a dog. Part of the answer required them to work out the volume required for a given amount and concentration. The candidate started off by drawing a triangle, then hesitated, eventually giving up in despair. […]
They are a trick that hides the maths: students don’t apply the skills they have previously learned. This means students don’t realise how important maths is for science.
I’m also concerned that if students can’t rearrange simple equations like the one above, they really can’t manage when equations become more complex.
— Jenny Koenig, Why Are Formula Triangles Bad? [Emphases added]
[Update: this 2016 article from Ed Southall also makes a very persuasive case against formula triangle.]
I believe the use of formula triangle also increases (rather than decreases) the cognitive load on students when carrying out calculations. For example, if the concentration c is 0.5 mol dm-3 and the number of moles n required is 0.01 mol, then in order to calculate the volume V they need to:
- recall the relevant equation and what each symbol means and hold it in working memory
- recall the layout of symbols within the formula triangle and either (a) write it down or (b) hold it in working memory
- recall that n and c are known values and that V is the unknown value and hold this information in working memory when applying the formula triangle to the problem
The FIFA method in use (part 1)
The FIFA acronym stands for:
- INSERT VALUES
- FINE TUNE (this often, but not always, equates to rearranging the formula)
Lets look at applying it for a typical higher level GCSE Physics calculation question
We add the FIFA rubric:
Students have to recall the relevant equation as it is not given on the Data and Formula Sheet. They write it down. This is an important step as once it is written down they no longer have to hold it in their working memory.
Note that this is less cognitively demanding on the student’s working memory as they only have to recall the formula on its own; they do not have to recall the formula triangle associated with it.
Students find it encouraging that on many mark schemes, the selection of the correct equation may gain a mark, even if no further steps are taken.
Next, we insert the values. I find it useful to provide a framework for this such as:
We can ask general questions such as: “What data are in the question?” or more focused questions such as “Yes or no: are we told what the kinetic energy store is?” and follow up questions such as “What is the kinetic energy? What units do we use for that?” and so on.
Note that since we are considering each item of data individually and in a sequence determined by the written formula, this is much less cognitively demanding in terms of what needs to be held in the student’s working memory than the formula triangle method.
Note also that on many mark schemes, a mark is available for the correct substitution of values. Even if they were not able to proceed any further, they would still gain 2/5 marks. For many students, the notion of incremental gain in calculation questions needs to be pushed really hard otherwise they will not attempt these “scary” calculation questions.
Next we are going to “fine tune” what we have written down in order to calculate the final answer. In this instance, the “fine tuning” process equates to a simple algebraic rearrangement. However, it is useful to leave room for some “creative ambiguity” here as we can also use the “fine tuning” process to resolve difficulties with units. Tempting though it may seem, DON’T change FIFA to FIRA.
We fine tune in three distinct steps (see addendum):
Finally, we input the values on a calculator to give a final answer. Note that since AQA have declined to provide a unit on the final answer line, a mark is available for writing “kg” in the relevant space — a fact which students find surprising but strangely encouraging.
The key idea here is to be as positive and encouraging as possible. Even if all they can do is recall the formula and remember that mass is measured in kg, there is an incremental gain. A mark or two here is always better than zero marks.
The FIFA method in use (part 2)
In this example, we are using the creative ambiguity inherent in the term “fine tune” rather than “rearrange” to resolve a possible difficulty with unit conversion.
In this example, we resolve another potential difficulty with unit conversion during the our creatively ambiguous “fine tune” stage:
The emphasis, as always, is to resolve issues sequentially and individually in order to minimise cognitive overload.
The FIFA method and low demand Foundation tier calculation questions
I teach the FIFA method to all students, but it’s essential to show how the method can be adapted for low demand Foundation tier questions. (Note: improving student performance on these questions is probably a more significant and quicker and easier win than working on their “extended answer” skills).
For the treatment below, the assumption is that students have already been taught the FIFA method in a number of contexts and that we are teaching them how to apply it to the calculation questions on the foundation tier paper, perhaps as part of an examination skills session.
For the majority of low demand questions, the required formula will be supplied so students will not need to recall it. What they will need, however, is support in inserting the values correctly. Providing a framework as shown below can be very helpful:
Also, clearly indicating where the data came from is useful.
The fine tune stage is not needed, so we can move straight to the answer.
Note also that the FIFA method can be applied to all calculation questions, not just the ones that could be answered using formula triangle methods, as in part (c) of the question above.
I believe that using FIFA helps to make our thinking and methods in Physics calculations more explicit and clearer for students.
My hope is that science teachers reading this will give it a go.
You can read about using the FIFA system for more challenging questions by clicking on these links: ‘Physics six mark calculation? Give it the old FIFA-one-two!‘ and ‘Using the FIFA system for really challenging GCSE calculations‘.
PS If you have enjoyed this, you might also enjoy Dual Coding SUVAT Problems and also Magnification using the Singapore Bar Model.
*Disclaimer: AQA has not endorsed the FIFA method. I describe it as “AQA mark scheme-friendly” using my professional own judgment and interpretation of published AQA mark schemes.
I am embarrassed to admit that this was the original version published. Somehow I missed the more straightforward way of “fine tuning” by squaring the 30 and multiplying by 0.5 and somehow moved straight to the cross multiplication — D’oh!
My thanks to @BenyohaiPhysics and @AdamWteach for pointing it out to me.Responsabilità per gravi difetti dell'opera a seguito di ristrutturazione e manutenzione
Oggetto della controversia è la richiesta nei confronti di una ditta appaltatrice e del direttore dei lavori per il risarcimento dei danni e l'eliminazione dei vizi, consistenti in deficienze costruttive implicanti grave pregiudizio igienico-sanitario e statico, verificatisi a seguito di opere di adeguamento sismico, manutenzione straordinaria e ristrutturazione su tre appartamenti.
I convenuti contestavano l'applicabilità dell'art. 1669 c.c. al caso di specie in quanto le opere progettate ed eseguite avevano riguardato non la costruzione di un immobile ma la manutenzione straordinaria, l'adeguamento sismico e la riparazione di un edificio preesistente.
La Corte di merito osservava che il grave difetto di costruzione che legittima l'applicabilità dell'art. 1669 c.c. può consistere in qualsiasi alterazione conseguente alla imperfetta esecuzione dell'opera che pregiudichi in modo considerevole il normale godimento dell'immobile, includendosi in tale ambito anche l'accertata inefficienza dell'impianto idrico e le rilevati carenze strutturali dipendenti da inidonea progettazione. Ciò che fonda il discrimine tra la disciplina dell'art. 1669 c.c., comportante la responsabilità extracontrattuale dell'appaltatore, e quella posta dagli artt. 1667 e 1668 c.c. in tema di garanzia per i vizi dell'opera, è la tipologia del difetto, che, se tale da pregiudicare in maniera apprezzabile il normale godimento dell'immobile, ricade nell'ambito di applicazione dell'art. 1669 c.c.
In proposito, l'interessante Ord. C. Cass. civ. 18/06/2020, n. 11840:
- illustra il contrasto che era sorto sulla questione se l'art. 1669 c.c. trovasse applicazione anche alle ristrutturazioni immobiliari ovvero solo nelle ipotesi di nuove costruzioni e di ricostruzione o costruzione di una nuova parte dell'immobile;
- richiama la giurisprudenza di legittimità che si era soffermata sulla nozione di "gravi difetti" ed aveva ritenuto l'applicabilità dell'art. 1669 c.c. anche in riferimento ad opere limitate, prescindendo dalla necessità di una costruzione ex novo e soffermandosi piuttosto sull'aspetto funzionale del prodotto conseguito
- richiama la Sent. C. Cass. S.U. civ. 27/03/2017, n. 7756, la quale ha enunciato il seguente principio di diritto: l'art. 1669 c.c. è applicabile, ricorrendone tutte le altre condizioni, anche alle opere di ristrutturazione edilizia e, in genere, agli interventi manutentivi o modificativi di lunga durata su immobili preesistenti, che (rovinino o) presentino (evidente pericolo di rovina o) gravi difetti incidenti sul godimento e sulla normale utilizzazione del bene, secondo la destinazione propria di quest'ultimo;
- conclude che, alla luce del principio espresso dalla Sent. C. Cass. S.U. civ. 27/03/2017, n. 7756, non vi è dubbio sull'applicabilità, nella specie, dell'art. 1669 c.c. con riferimento ai gravi difetti nelle opere appaltate, tali da comprometterne la funzionalità e pregiudicare il godimento dell'immobile, sì da richiedere un nuovo intervento di ristrutturazione e adeguamento sismico previa demolizione delle stesse opere già realizzate.1) Factions
2)Towny
Rispondete semplicemente con uno dei due e se volete date una giustificazione o inserite un commento
P.S.
Per chi non sapesse che cosa è Towny
Towny è un plugin (alternativo a factions diciamo) dove un giocatore puo fondare la sua città di cui diventa il sindaco poi può scegliere altri player come cittadini e dare cariche a persone lui fidate. La città costruita generalmente è claimata (non puo essere distrutta se non dal sindaco)
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.
Identify Antique Furniture & Reproductions
There are lots of antique reproductions available with the antique dealers which are more affordable compared to original antiques. Both are fine but the challenge is making a decision based on what’s important to you. Here are some ways to decide if a piece of antique is a true piece of history or just a clever reproduction.
Try to find Imperfections like varying widths of boards, signs of age like cracking, fading and warping Since wood shrinks over time etc as uniform board widths are a fairly modern invention
As always, if you have questions, ask the seller to provide you with additional details or photos of the piece to help you make a decision.
Our advice to buyers is to buy the best quality antiques in your budget. Any beginner buying antique furniture will make mistakes so it is better they be inexpensive ones which can be valuable learning experiences for your future antique shopping.
Antique Furniture Shops
you’ll find all kinds of antique like English antiques, Country French furniture, italian antiques etc at most of the Antique Furniture shops like OldPlank at OldPlank road Chicago who are selling antiques for more than 15 years .
Choosing Antique Furniture
When shopping for antique furniture just go to nearest antique furniture dealers. Antique dealers understand that people will hardly ever buy something on their first visit to shop. Just see their collection and especially on antiques which you would like to buy.L’organizzazione di assistenza “Médecins Sans Frontières / Doctors Without Borders” è stata fondata nel 1971. Interviene per salvare le vite delle tante persone che vivono in zone di guerra, laddove le strutture sanitarie sono collassate o tra le popolazioni prive di sufficiente assistenza medica. Le varie attività dei team di medici, infermiere, ostetriche e operatori logistici comprendono vari compiti: gestiscono cliniche, approntano centri nutrizionali per bambini, organizzano campagne di vaccinazione e forniscono a rifugiati o profughi medicine, acqua potabile, servizi igienici e coperte. La sezione tedesca di “Doctors Without Borders”, fondata nel 1993, è finanziata fino al 90% con donazioni di privati. Ciò consente di agire senza il condizionamento di interessi politici o economici.How to Solve Password Stress
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Bad Password Habits
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Get Secure: How To Use A Password Manager (Video 8 minutes)
If you are concerned about remembering unique passwords for numerous uses, Tekzilla explains how to use a password manager to encrypt and store your passwords. Many will even create unique secure passwords for you.
Tech Tip: The Best Free Password Managers
Neil J. Rubenking of PC Magazine compares The Best Free Password Managers to help you maintain safe and secure passwords. Password managers encrypt, store and manage passwords for all of your online accounts.
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EDUC 656 Bullying in Schools
"This course is a must for new teachers as well as those who are already in the teaching profession as a refresher to see the latest ideas and programs to help combat bullying. It’s helpful to reflect on how bullying is a problem not only at school but in the workplace.”
~ Jesse Hess @ Racine, WisconsinPeople of the East
By: Edeara,Jaden,Isaiah,and Ayden
This word cloud explains the main idea of the poster.
The eastern Indians hunted deer, bears, and rabbits
They also farmed . they planted farms between the tree stumps.Corn, beans ,and squash
A longhouse was a large house made with wood poles and bark. Families lived in them and lit fires for cooking and warmth.
A confederation is a type of government in which separate groups of people join together, but local leaders still make most decisions for their group.
A wampum is a belt made of pieces of carefully shaped and cut seashell. American Indians strung the shells like beads.
Barter , they trade goods without using money .Dresden’s main railway terminus is one of the largest and most impressive late-nineteenth-century railway stations in Europe. Built in 1898, the railway played a significant role in the city’s industrial and economic growth, linking Dresden with Berlin and Prague. In 1945, however, when much of the old city was destroyed in Allied bombing raids, the station building was severely damaged, but it was still one of the few major buildings that survived. After the war, insensitive reconstruction was compounded by poor maintenance and inappropriate repair work, the building finally reaching a state in the late 1990s where a comprehensive programme of remedial conservation was required in order to restore the station to its former grandeur.
The starting point was to strip away the miscellaneous additions and alterations that had been made to the building over the previous sixty years in order to restore the integrity and clarity of the original design. This included pulling back the termination point of the central tracks to create an open space at the heart of the building, which can be used as a market place or for cultural events. In the process, public circulation within and through the station has been transformed. By far the largest new element is the 29,000-square-metre covering to the three vaulted roofs above the platforms. Originally, these roofs were partially glazed, but after the war the entire surface was boarded over. The station’s elaborate wrought iron structure has been restored and covered in a taut skin of Teflon-coated, glass-fibre fabric. The roof fabric transmits 13 per cent of daylight, which significantly reduces the need for artificial lighting. After dark, artificial light is reflected off the underside of the canopy to echo the effects of daylight washing the concourse. If required, this canopy can be extended to provide cover for international high-speed trains (ICE), which are twice the length of the old station platforms.
Externally, the most striking new element is the 34-metre high square glass dome, inspired in the original one, which sits above the main circulation crossing. The approach followed here – and throughout the building – is similar to that explored at the Reichstag. The surviving structure and original surfaces have been exposed wherever possible, but there has been no attempt to recreate old forms or replace lost ornament: new and old are clearly articulated.
Deutsche Bahn AG Station & Service
Foster + Partners
Buro Happold (estructura structural engineering); Schmitt Stumpf Frühauf und Partner, BAL GmbH (aparejador quantity surveyor); Schmidt Reuter Partner (instalaciones M+E engineering); Claude Engle, Speirs, Zibell Willner & Partner, Kaiser Baucontrol, adb, Homola
Nigel Young / Foster + Partners; Reinhard Görner; Hufton + Crow / ViewSotto corte marziale in streaming su putlocker.Film uscito nel 2002 diretto da Gregory Hoblit, interpretato da Bruce Willis e Colin Farrell. rnSiamo nel 1944 durante i combattimenti della Seconda Guerra Mondiale e il tenente Hart viene catturato e fatto prigioniero nel campo Stalag 6; gestito da un comandante nazista, crudele e razzista.Pochi giorni dopo vengono imprigionati altri due soldati americani di colore e la tensione nel campo diventa altissima. rnUn sergente tedesco prende di mira i due soldati di colore e uno dei due muore, successivamente viene trovato morto anche il sergente tedesco, cercano di far ricadere le colpe sull'altro soldato nero, ma alla fine si scopre che era tutta una montatura per mascherare un tentativo di evasione. rnIl film vorrebbe parlare delle questioni inerenti ai diritti umani, ma non riesce nell'intento poiche' la trama diventa troppo improbabile e complicata da seguire.As a follow-up to their studies of Sumerian life and achievements in Mesopotamia around 2000 B.C., fifth grade students, working with Lisa Cone and Lily Angus, traveled back in time 4,000 years to attend Scribe School.
These young scribes learned cuneiform, an early form of writing, on clay tablets using a stylus. They practiced the symbols for wheat, star, sun, mountain, and bird. They also practiced recording information about how much grain was traded with a nearby city-state. Finally, they used symbols to represent their names.
Photos by Lisa Cone and Lily Angusآیا زمانی که کودک کلام والدین را تکرار می کند به درک کلام رسیده است؟
برخی از کودکان هنگامی که با آنها صحبت میشود کلام والدین را تکرار می کنند ولی خود این کلام را در جای دیگر به کار نمی برند مثلا شما با دیدن ماشین از کودک سوال می کنید ماشینه؟ کودک نیز گفتار شما را تکرار می کند ماشینه؟
سوالی که ممکن است برای والدین پیش بیاید این است که آیا کودک من کلام من را درک کرده است؟
اگر کودک شما صرفا کلام شما را تکرار میکند پاسخ منفی است زیرا ما زمانی متوجه می شویم که کودک ورودی شنیداری را درک کرده که اطلاعات دیگری را در اختیار ما بگذارد.
و باید به پاسخ تازه از کودک نگاه کنیم که بطور قابل توجهی از محرک ارائه شده متفاوت باشد.
به عبارت دیگر تکرار کلمه ای که آنها می شنوند صرفا نشان دهنده ان نیست که آن را درک کرده باشند و فقط نشان دهنده این است که کودک میتواند آن کلمه را شناسایی کند. و درک مرحله بالاتر از این خواهد بود، مثل پاسخ دادن به یک سوال، ادامه دادن یک گفته، توصیف کلمه،یا در مورد تک کلمه باید تصویر یا شی آن کلمه را نشان دهد.
این موارد به درستی به ما نشان میدهد که آیا کودک ورودی شنیداری را درک کرده است یا خیر.
نویسنده: سارا سلحشوری – آسیب شناس گفتار و زبانIt’s no secret that I love coffee. I drink at least one cup of coffee most days. Each year, coffee drinkers around the world unite to celebrate their love of coffee on National Coffee Day on September 29th. But is coffee a dangerous drink, or a healthy beverage?
Depending on who you ask, coffee is either a benign substance or the thing most likely to kill you. However, it turns out, that these coffee naysayers may be incorrect. Studies show that coffee has many beneficial effects in the body, and drinking it regularly can help prevent many health problems from developing as you age.
Of course, as with anything, moderation is best. I am also not a health professional, so don’t take my word for it over your doctor’s!
Here is what science has to say about the health benefits of coffee:
Some Coffee May Help Prevent Cavities
A July 2014 study conducted by Rio de Janeiro’s Federal University and published in the journal of Applied Microbiology found that some coffee is able to prevent the spread of bacteria in the mouth that leads to the development of dental cavities. The researchers found that robusta coffee (grown in Brazil and Vietnam) was able to break through plaque build-up on teeth with the chemical polyphenols. The researchers found that best results were achieved when the coffee was consumed black without any sweeteners.
However, Arabica beans contain fewer polyphenols than robusta coffee and higher acid content, which could have the opposite effect on teeth. Robusta coffee is often used in the cheaper varieties of grocery store coffee, and has a earthier, bitter flavor. So, if you’ve been avoiding the higher priced coffees, you may actually be doing your mouth (and wallet) a favor.
Tip: Make your own Coffee Facial Scrub.
Coffee Contains Numerous Nutrients
Coffee contains a variety of nutrients that are sometimes difficult to get through other sources. The main nutrients in coffee include: vitamin B3, vitamin B2, magnesium, manganese, and phosphorous. 8 ounces of coffee contains up to 11 percent of the recommended daily intake of these nutrients. Drinking 4 cups of coffee will deliver up to 44 percent of the recommended intake.
Tip: Make your own Coffee Scented Lotion
Coffee Can Reduce the Risk of Developing Several Diseases
Numerous studies have shown a link between the intake of coffee and a person’s disease risk. Studies have been done on Parkinson’s disease, strokes, heart disease Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, depression, and type 2 diabetes. In all studies, coffee provided up to a 65 percent reduction in risk. Studies on life expectancy showed that individuals who drank coffee had up to a 26 percent reduction in risk of death from any cause.
Coffee is Full of Antioxidants
Coffee contains a massive amount of antioxidants- more than many fruits and vegetables. In studies, it was found that coffee usually provides more antioxidants to Americans than fruits and vegetables combined. The study participants probably did not eat as many fruits and vegetables as they ought to, but coffee can provide an antioxidant boost even if you eat numerous vegetables and fruits.
How Much Coffee is Ideal?
When researchers study the effects of coffee, they measure the effects based on 8-ounce cups, which contain about 100 mg of caffeine. Eight ounces is about half of a regular mug of coffee. According to researchers, individuals who drank more than 600 mg of caffeine daily (about 3 average mugs of coffee) started to have side effects. However, when individuals drank 4 8-ounce cups of coffee, they experienced the biggest benefits to health. This is equal to about 2 mugs of coffee daily.
Want to roast your own coffee beans at home? Learn how in The Art and Craft of Coffee: An Enthusiast’s Guide to Selecting, Roasting, and Brewing Exquisite Coffee.
Coffee: A Health Elixir
I love to refer to coffee as a health beverage, because it shocks many people. If you are not a coffee drinker, and are particularly sensitive to caffeine, adding more coffee to your diet may not be a good idea. And it is true that caffeine is addicting- if I don’t drink at least 200 mg or so of caffeine a day I get headaches- so if you want to avoid the addiction, by all means stay away from the beverage! But if you are a regular coffee drinker, you no longer have to feel guilty about it. Perfect news for National Coffee Day!
Do you drink coffee? Why or why not?
MomPrepares loves to join link-ups and meet other bloggers. Here is the list of our favorite link-ups so you can participate too!Tenochtitlan Savaşı
Tenochtitlan Savaşı , (22 Mayıs-13 Ağustos 1521), arasında askeri angajman Aztekler ve bir koalisyon İspanyol ve yerli savaşçılar. Hernán Cortés tarafından komuta edilen İspanyol fatihler, yerel kabilelerle ittifak kurdular. Aztek Tenochtitlan'ın başkenti. Cortes'in ordusu Tenochtitlan'ı 93 gün boyunca kuşattı ve üstün silahların ve yıkıcı bir çiçek hastalığı salgınının birleşimi İspanyolların şehri fethetmesini sağladı. Cortes'in zaferi Aztek imparatorluğunu yok etti ve İspanyollar, sömürgesi haline gelen şey üzerindeki kontrolü sağlamlaştırmaya başladı. Yeni İspanya .
Tenochtitlán, Fetih Savaşı Aztek başkenti Tenochtitlán tarafından Hernán Cortés, 1521. Jay I. Kislak Koleksiyonu—Nadir Kitaplar ve Özel Koleksiyonlar Bölümü/Kongre Kütüphanesi, Washington, D.C.
fatihlerin gelişi
16. yüzyılın başında, Aztekler 400 ila 500 boyun eğdirilmiş devlet içeren çok sayıda bölgeyi kontrol ettiler. Bir kişiye mutlak güç verdiler. tlatoanca , veya cetvel. tlatoanca Montezuma II imparatorluğa zirvede başkanlık etti, ancak imparatorluğunun kültürler arası genişliği aynı zamanda zayıflığıydı. Aztekler fethedilen tebaalarından düzenli olarak haraç talep ettiler ve genellikle bu haraçlar insan kurban teklifleri şeklini aldı. Aztek dininin temel direği, tanrıların bu dünyayı yaratmak için hayatlarını verdikleri inancıydı, bu yüzden insanlar bu borcu kanla ödemek zorundaydı. Ritüel insan kurban etme, vasal kabilelerle her zaman iyi oturmadı.
Aztek savaş tanrısı Huitzilopochtli Aztek rahibi, yaşayan bir insan kalbini savaş tanrısı Huitzilopochtli'ye kurban etme törenini gerçekleştirirken, Codex Magliabecchi'nin bir reprodüksiyonundan bir örnek. Kongre Kütüphanesi, Washington, D.C. (neg. no. LC-USZC4-743)
1519'da İspanyol fatihi (kaşif-fatih) Hernán Cortés, yaklaşık 500 asker ve 100 denizciden oluşan bir seferi kuvvetiyle Potonchan'a indi. Yucatan yarımadası şimdi Meksika olanlardan. İspanyollar daha önce bölgeyi keşfetmek için seferi kuvvetleri göndermişti, ancak Aztek imparatorluğunun boyutundan habersizlerdi. Cortes yerel bir yendi Maya Karşılık olarak ona, birinin adı Malintzin olan birkaç cariye hediye ettiler. Deniz ). Cortes'in adamlarından biri yerel Maya lehçesini konuşuyordu ve Malintzin hem bu lehçeyi hem de Azteklerin Nahuatl dilini konuşuyordu. Sonuç olarak, Cortés için bir tercüman olarak etkili oldu ve fetihleri boyunca onun yanında kaldı.
Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar ve Hernán Cortés Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, Meksika seferinin komutasını Hernán Cortés'e veriyor; Amerika Müzesi, Madrid'de. Agostini Editore / age fotostock tarafından
Önümüzdeki birkaç ay içinde Cortés, La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz'da (şimdi Veracruz, Meksika ) ve fatihleri kıyı boyunca batıya, Aztek topraklarına doğru ilerledi. Cortés'e karşı ihtiyatlı olmasına rağmen, Montezuma temkinli bir diplomasi oyununda İspanyollara cömert hediyelerle elçiler gönderdi. Bu arada Cortés, aralarında Totonac ve Tlaxcalans'ın da bulunduğu birkaç hoşnutsuz Aztek tebaa kabilesiyle ittifaklar kurdu. Özellikle Tlaxcalanlar, Azteklerin eski rakipleri oldukları ve mütevazi fetih kuvvetlerini tamamlayan büyük bir orduya sahip oldukları için Cortés'in gelecekteki başarıları için kritik öneme sahipti. Cortés, bu savaşçılarla birlikte
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women scientists started carrying out some of these studies and found the opposite. It turns out that women are just a lot less comfortable swearing in front of men, and the same for men in front of women. There are actually very few differences between male and female swearing. Women tend to use slightly milder swear words, and when they swear in front of men it’s usually to demonstrate that they are competent, strong, combative. On the other hand, when guys swear with other guys it’s usually about sympathising with emotions such as frustration and anger. But more jocular swearing is pretty much even between the genders.
Is swearing found in every language?
Yes, but it’s not always based around the same taboos. In Dutch, there are swear words based around illness, such as ‘typhoid’ and ‘cancer’. This goes back to the idea of ‘word magic’ – that just naming something can be enough to make it happen. In German, calling someone a ‘pig’ or a ‘dog’ is enough to get you fined, while in the Middle East, there are moustache-based swear words, because insulting someone’s facial hair can be construed as a comment on their masculinity.
Should we be trying to swear more?
The last thing I would want is for the swear words we’re currently using to become so commonplace that we have to start reaching for more offensive words. It’s then that we start getting into the slurs on people’s race or sexuality. The great thing about the ‘f’ word and the
‘s’ word is that everybody is the product of intercourse and everybody goes to the toilet – they’re universal to the human experience.
Swearing is like paracetamol or jogging – it’s good for you until it starts causing more harm than good. Use swear words in conversation like you’d use seasoning in cooking. You wouldn’t want an entire meal of them, but occasionally they just add a little something to the dish.久而久之，备受推崇的英雄联盟S10决赛已经结束。回顾此S游戏LPL，最令人惊讶的团队是SN团队，在小组赛中不被首选。SN，这次他不仅获得了团体冠军，而且还连续获得了很多强队，甚至像TES这样的冠军也被SN打败了。许多网民也抱怨SN今年增长了，太快了。
在每个人都照顾好自己的情况下，SN于今天正式发布了半决赛纪录片，讲述了针对TES进行的半决赛故事。人们没想到的是半决赛中的内战。SN并不是每个人都想的。面对TES，他们并不紧张，但也轻松而自信。球员和教练甚至赢得了比赛。我对获得TES早得奖并不特别高兴。
起初，ADhuanfeng对赛前很有信心。这次，Huafengfeng在训练室说：“我必须C，给我EZ。”焕峰在与教练的交谈中说：“也许您会在训练比赛中看到我被炸毁。但是比赛中我会非常缓慢，（最底线）我最多会失去两道涂层和四道波浪。”
在第一场比赛之后，教练Chashu说：“我们不会讨论行动。无论如何，我们在大选之后就获胜了。我们也试图在大选后获胜。他们的表现很差，如果他们像那“”的情况完全符合预期。在随后的比赛中，TES表现不佳。尽管TES在第二盘中退出了一轮，但TES在接下来的几轮中苦苦挣扎，并很快被SN3.1 Takeaway击败，轻松获胜。
比赛结束后，教练夏兆麟的言论也非常大胆。最后一次问到您赢得JDG后三天是否会感到高兴，您这次打败TES的感觉如何，“我会毕竟，我有一天要开心。毕竟，我认为他们无法击败我们。”我必须在这里说，叉烧确实是一项挑战，但是从叉烧的话中我们还可以看到，力量来自于TES。叉烧的心不是很好。
无论如何，我希望SN能够为决赛加油打气，那么您对SN发行的这部纪录片有什么话要说吗？Yaklaşık iki gündür yangının devam ettiğini ve gittikçe yerleşim alanlarına sıçrayabileceğini söyledi.
Sadece bir gün önce bir helikopterin geldiğini ve beş-altı kez su boşalttığını söyleyen Gökbakar bunun yeterli olmadığını Şu an helikopterlerin gelmesi lazım. Yoksa yangın yerleşim yerlerine gidiyor. Lütfen yetkililer bir an önce müdahale etsin dedi.
Gökbakar evinin yangından uzak olduğunu ama asıl önemli olan binlerce canın ve ağaçların yok olması olduğunu söyledi.OSDFS is the office in the U.S. Department of Education responsible for developing policy and administering grants related to school health, violence and drug prevention.
This web site is a one-stop shop that provides school leaders with information they need to plan for any emergency, including natural disasters, violent incidents and terrorist acts.
Emergency Response and Crisis Management Program
This press release announces the awarding of $38 million in grants to help local education agencies prepare, respond and recover from crises.
This conference will provide prevention and education leaders with a valuable opportunity to explore key issues that schools currently face, such as crisis response and contingency planning, evidence-based decision making, science-based programming, health maintenance, and other topics that impact safer schools.
This program offers short-term and long-term assistance to school districts to recover from a violent or traumatic event in which the learning environment has been disrupted.
Springfield School District
Springfield, Oregon is located at the southern end of the Willamette Valley. On May 21, 1998, one of its high schools was the scene of a tragic school shooting.
This article, written by the Crisis Response Team Leader for Springfield School District, details the lessons learned as the school district developed and implemented a crisis response.
Montgomery County Public Schools
Montgomery County Public Schools, located in Maryland just outside of Washington, DC, was one of 139 school districts around the country to receive a grant from The Emergency Response and Crisis Management Program. The Office of Safe and Drug Free Schools has cited its Emergency Response plan as an example of Promising Practices in School Emergency Response.
Montgomery County Videosonline viewing and ordering
Montgomery County Public Schools, a district directly affected by 9/11 and the sniper shootings of 2002, developed these step-by-step procedures to help administrators and other personnel prevent injury and loss of life.
Fairfax County Public School, located in Virginia just outside of Washington, DC, was one of 139 school districts around the country to receive a grant from The Emergency Response and Crisis Management Program. The Office of Safe and Drug Free Schools has cited its Emergency Response plan as an example of Promising Practices in School Emergency Response.
The School District of Palm Beach County
The School Police Department focuses on prevention first and direct action second. It has implemented many prevention programs that provide a safe educational environment.
Denver Public Schools serves the residents of the City and County of Denver, Colorado. It is one of 139 school districts around the country to receive a grant from The Emergency Response and Crisis Management Program.
The Bomb Threat CD-ROM is an interactive planning tool for schools that includes a staff training presentation and implementation resources.
The 3 R's to Dealing with Trauma in Schools: Readiness, Response and Recovery
This satellite broadcast explored issues related to trauma, its impact on children, and implications for schools and school personnel. It may viewed on-line or on videotape.
The Guide is intended to give schools, districts, and communities the critical concepts and components of good crisis planning, stimulate thinking about the crisis preparedness process, and provide examples of promising practices. Hard copies are available from ED Pubs.
A joint publication of the U.S. Secret Service and the U.S. Department of Education, this is the final report of the Safe School Initiative, an extensive examination of 37 incidents of targeted school shootings and school attacks that have occurred in the United States beginning with the earliest identified incident in 1974 through June 2000. Hard copies are available from ED Pubs.
Ready.gov is a common sense framework designed to launch a process of learning about citizen preparedness. One of the primary mandates of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security is to educate the public, on a continuing basis, about how to be prepared in case of a national emergencyincluding a possible terrorist attack.
FEMA is an independent agency of the federal government, reporting to the President. Its mission is to reduce loss of life and property and protect our nation's critical infrastructure from all types of hazards through a comprehensive, risk-based, emergency management program of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery.
On this site the U.S. Department of Education offers information about public school choice, supplemental services, testing and accountability, as well as parenting tips on reading and homework.
The Education Innovator Newsletter is a weekly electronic newsletter published by the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Innovation and Improvement. Each week it includes a Featured Innovation and important news from The U.S. Department of Education and around the country.
To obtain information on the performance of your school district, follow the link highlighted above, select your state, choose the "State Contacts" link, and select "How is My School District Doing". This will link you to school district performance data from your State Department of Education
This guide for parents explains what is meant by supplemental services under No Child Left Behind, who is eligible, how to obtain quality services, and how to get more information.
This is the essential guide for parents, and provides answers to questions about No Child Left Behind and what the law means for parents, in an accessible and easy to understand format.
The Center for Faith-Based and Community Initiatives has developed a user friendly Toolkit for organizations interested in applying to become supplemental service providers.
Bill Modzeleski is Associate Deputy Undersecretary for the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools. In his position, Mr. Modzeleski is involved in the design and development of drug, alcohol and violence prevention programs, and activities that affect school health-related issues. He also assisted in the design of the Safe Schools Act of 1994. Prior to his current position, Mr. Modzeleski served as Executive Director of the National Commission on Drug-Free Schools and has 25 years of experience at the local and Federal levels in criminal and juvenile justice.
Cathy Paine is a Special Programs Administrator and a School Psychologist for the Springfield School District in Springfield, Oregon. She was instrumental in the formation of the Springfield School District Crisis Response Team in 1991and served as one of the Springfield team leaders who directed the response following the school shooting at Thurston High in May 1998. She has responded to a wide variety of crises in Oregon and has provided consultative support to school districts nationally.
Yvonne Atteberry is a mother of two children and works part time as a Title I Educational Assistant within the Springfield School District in Springfield, Oregon. Yvonne's son Ryan was one of the students injured by the school shooting that occurred at Thurston High School in May 1998. She has been extensively involved in supporting the long-term recovery of the school and community and is an advocate for crisis management issues.
Ed Clarke is the Director of the Department of School Safety and Security for Montgomery County Public Schools in Rockville, Maryland. In his capacity, Ed has overseen the development of a systemwide emergency response plan delineating specific roles and responsibilities for key positions to help schools plan, manage and recover from any type of emergency or crisis situation. The U.S. Department of Education and the Department of Homeland Security has recognized MCPS for having a model emergency response plan.
Fred Ellis is the Director of the Office of Safety and Security for Fairfax County Public Schools in Fairfax, Virginia. In conjunction with local law enforcement, emergency management, and public health officials, Fred is responsible for development and implementation of FCPS comprehensive crisis management plan. Beyond his work with FCPS, Fred has provided consultative services to systems across the country.
James Kelly is the Chief of District Police and an administrator in the Safe Schools Center serving the School District of Palm Beach County in West Palm Beach, Florida. In his role as chief of district police, Jim, in conjunction with the School Board of Palm Beach County, has supervisory responsibility over many prevention programs that provide a safe educational environment. Jim recently served on an expert panel advising the Department of Education on model crisis management and emergency response activities and techniques.
Cathy Roper is a mother of three children, two of whom are enrolled in Denver Public Schools. Cathy was recently selected as the co-team leader of the Denver Public Schools No Child Left Behind parent involvement work group. In this capacity, Cathy has spearheaded efforts to develop outreach strategies to inform parents of their rights and responsibilities under the law and help DPS meet the parent involvement requirements in the law. Cathy will help DPS involve and inform parents about the recently awarded Emergency Response and Crisis Management grant from the U.S. Department of Education.
Officer Ralph Penn
Officer Ralph Penn is an Educational Facilities Officer (EFO) for the Montgomery County Department of Police in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The EFO program, a partnership between the Montgomery County Department of Police and the Montgomery County Schools, assigns uniformed police officers to clusters of elementary, middle, and high schoolsalong with private schools in each cluster areato enhance emergency preparedness, foster positive relationships among members of the school community, and enhance lines of communication between the school system and public safety agencies.CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - NASA's Orion capsule is expected to carry astronauts farther than ever before, officials said.
About 350 jobs have been created at the Kennedy Space Center.
The capsule is not built out yet. In fact, NASA was celebrating the arrival of the core of the capsule.
The Orion capsule is the first spacecraft ever to be assembled at the space center.
The wiring, computers and the heat shield will all be added onto the capsule's skeleton over the next 16 months, officials said. Then it will be put on top of a Delta IV rocket for the first Orion test flight in 2014.
"Isn't this beautiful? There's a lot of people who can't wait to get their hands and fingers in there on the hardware," said Senator Bill Nelson.
Once the capsule is built out, it will fly an unmanned mission on a trajectory in the direction of the moon.
It will travel well beyond the orbit that the International Space Station is on, meaning the capsule will travel farther than any other manned spacecraft since the days of the Apollo program.
The mission will take it 3,600 miles from earth, so NASA can test whether the capsule will be able to withstand the pressures and temperatures of coming back in through the earth's atmosphere from a lunar type mission.
"It is a lot different than the shuttle. The shuttle was a little bit bigger on the inside. It's different technology too," said astronaut Rex Walheim.
Walheim has been helping test the capsule from a passenger's perspective and hopes the U.S. stays committed to seeing the project through completion.
The first unmanned Orion mission is set for 2014, and NASA said it is hoping the first manned mission will be in 2017.PART 1 SECTION 3: LEADERS OF WORSHIP
Just as Christians have different denominations and places of worship so they also have different ministers or people that lead the worship.In the Roman Catholic Church, the Pope or Bishop of Rome is the leader of the church.The biblical quotation is referred to as the PETRINE COMMISSION. The Roman Catholic Church teaches that Peter founded the church in Rome.And has directly passed his authority to the Bishop of Rome. Each Pope is given this authority.Therefore the Pope has a direct line of authority from Peter – he is the head of the Christian church.
The next order of ministers are the Bishops – derived from a Greek word meaning overseer. In the Roman Catholic Church the Bishops and Archbishops receive their authority from the Pope. They oversee the work of the priests in their diocese.Priests are mainly in charge of individual churches. They look after the congregations, conduct services or mass for them, counsel as well as teach them.All these ministers are ordained priests by their bishops and the bishops by the Pope.
It is done by the placing of hands on the person’s head which automatically give the person the authority and power to minister.Someone who has been ordained but not yet a priest is a deacon. The first deacons were appointed by the apostles – Acts of the Apostles.Also the name Presbyter was use in the first century for an administrative official of a local church.
The word minister is preferably used today in most protestant churches.The word Presbyterian is derived from the Greek word presbuteros meaning ‘elder’.These elders have the responsibility for teaching, leading worship and performing sacraments.The congregations are governed by these elders who are elected by them.They are responsible for the leadership of the church.Mutation testing is a technique used to verify that tests are providing value. Mutation testing involves modifying the given program in small ways. These could include changing boolean checks such as if a condition is True to being False. A mutated version of code is known as a mutant. For each mutant a the test suite is run against it. The tests when run over the mutant version should have a percentage of failure. Where a mutant is not caught additional tests can be written to cover these cases.
Mutation testing works well where you have a reasonable level of code coverage over your code and can be quite effective when done with test driven development. In my and others experience well written tests should have about 70% failure rate against code that has been mutated.
Quite a few mutation testing frameworks are out there such as Heckle, Insure++, Nester however you can get away with a simple find replace in most cases. Because mutation testing requires a lot of manual intervention to review the results it is usually something you would put into the code review process rather then as part of your continuous integration system. This is because even after mutating the code many of the tests may still pass. This might be due to the code not being conditional and still producing the correct output rather then ineffective tests.
I have written a very simple mutation tester which can be used against most languages and hosted it on github for your convenience https://github.com/boyter/Mutator/Sbiancamento Dei Denti In Modo Chimico
Quando si acquistano gli sbiancanti per i denti da usare in casa, ci sono diverse cose che devi sapere. Alcuni whiters certamente illumineranno il tuo sorriso, ma potrebbero anche indebolire lo smalto dei denti. Lo smalto deve essere duro e resistente per essere in grado di prevenire il decadimento e la sensibilità, quindi pensa al prodotto sbiancante che seleziona meticolosamente.
L'amministratore del cibo e della droga (FDA) non prenderà in considerazione i prodotti sbiancanti per denti come un farmaco, quindi non regolano gli ingredienti o l'applicazione dei prodotti. Come consumatore, sei lasciato a fidarti del business che essenzialmente è uscito per creare denaro per modificare questi componenti all'interno del loro prodotto.
L'American Dental Association (ADA) ha creato linee guida per
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. Madenlerde malzeme itme, düzleştirme ve kazıma işlemleri için idealdirler. İnşaat ve altyapı projelerinde greyderler yaygın olarak kullanılır. İnşaat sahalarının hazırlanması, temel düzeltme işlemleri, toprak tesviyesi ve altyapı çalışmaları için greyderler tercih edilir.
Greyderler, iş makineleri arasında çok yönlü bir kullanıma sahip olan önemli bir araçtır. Malzeme düzeltme, tesviye ve taşıma işlemlerinde etkili bir şekilde kullanılarak, inşaat projelerinin verimliliğini artırır ve zaman tasarrufu sağlar. Doğru greyderin seçilmesi ve işin gereksinimlerine uygun olarak kullanılması, projelerin başarıyla tamamlanmasına katkıda bulunur.
Greyderler ile ilgili daha detaylı bilgilere dilediğiniz zaman sizler de Machineryline sitesinden ulaşabilirsiniz.|Questa pagina è stata trascritta, formattata e riletta.|
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coprì e li nascose di nuovo l’uno all’altro e la presenza del regio esercito impedì che si guastasse strada facendo, una conversazione che pareva così bene avviata. Ma i due vecchi bisbetici, dopo essersi fiutati come due cani in collera, continuarono a ringhiare e a guardarsi nell’oscurità.
Tutte le volte che l’ufficiale accendeva il sigaro (e un fumatore italiano può immaginarsi quante) quei quattro occhi, attratti da una forza che aveva nulla a che fare coll’ « affinità affettiva » di cui parla il Goethe, s’incontravano nella linea diagonale sul fuoco del fumatore, che mandando globi di fumo in alto ritornava forse lieto da un lieto incontro. L’odio e l’amore son fatti per non conoscersi, ma spesso viaggiano insieme.
Quei due sguardi si guardavano fissi incrociandosi come due fioretti, i lineamenti delle faccie s’indurivano, le mani diventavano pugni, poi tutto ritornava nero come i loro pensieri. Nel buio continuavano i due cuori ad azzuffarsi.
Il prete odiava nell’affarista il traditore, il ladro empio e bugiardo, il sacrilego miscredente, che coll’aiuto del diavolo aveva rubato alla chiesa e ai poveri un’eredità di quattrocentomila lire.
L’affarista esecrava nel prete l’intrigante, il gesuita, l’impostore, la causa prima degli scandali, l’eccitatore interessato d’una masnada di straccioni.
Se le idee che passano negli animi degli uomini avessero la virtù d’accendersi secondo la forza elettrica che contengono, i due vecchi bisbetici avrebbero mandato fuori lampi più sinistri di quelli che andavano guizzando e irritandosi laggiù sopra Milano, dove il treno li portava a precipizio, rumoreg-吉林体彩十一选五 www.6yyxf.com 每周六，美国总统都要做一个电台演讲， 这已经是一个传统了。 一个短小的演讲， 却能拉近一个国家最有权利的人和平民百姓间的距离。历史上最著名的总统电台演讲是30-40年代经济大萧条时，罗斯福总统的ireside chats“炉边谈话”。但是成为每个星期的惯例是直到里根总统的事。第一次的 weekly radio address 每周一次的电台演讲是1982年4月3日。本教程是美国总统奥巴马的每周电台演讲。不仅能让你更多的了解Obama，还有机会提高自己的听力水平。SITI WEB NON UFFICIALI
I siti web non ufficiali presenti in rete possono rappresentare una serie di problematiche e sfide, che possono includere:
- Contenuto non verificato: I siti web non ufficiali possono contenere informazioni non verificate o non affidabili, il che può portare a una diffusione di notizie false o fuorvianti.
- Potenziale per truffe: Alcuni siti web non ufficiali possono essere creati con l'obiettivo di truffare le persone, ad esempio vendendo prodotti falsi o cercando di raccogliere informazioni personali o finanziarie.
- Problemi di sicurezza: Siti web non ufficiali possono ospitare contenuti dannosi o essere vulnerabili a attacchi informatici, mettendo a rischio la sicurezza dei visitatori.
- Violazione del copyright: Alcuni siti non ufficiali potrebbero ospitare contenuti protetti da copyright senza il permesso del detentore dei diritti, il che può comportare problemi legali.
- Difficoltà nella verifica delle informazioni: Gli utenti possono avere difficoltà a verificare l'autenticità delle informazioni presenti su siti web non ufficiali, specialmente se mancano fonti affidabili o trasparenza riguardo all'origine delle informazioni.
- Reputazione danneggiata: Le organizzazioni o le persone rappresentate su siti web non ufficiali potrebbero vedere la loro reputazione danneggiata a causa di informazioni false o diffamatorie pubblicate su questi siti.
Per affrontare questi problemi, è importante essere critici quando si consultano siti web non ufficiali e fare ricerche aggiuntive per verificare l'autenticità delle informazioni. Inoltre, è consigliabile evitare di condividere informazioni personali o finanziarie su siti web non verificati o sospetti. Mantenere un alto livello di consapevolezza e cautela quando si naviga su Internet può aiutare a mitigare molti dei rischi associati ai siti web non ufficiali.
Per dare agli utenti la conferma che sta navigando su un SITO UFFICIALE, l'azienda può mostrare il certificato "Sito web ufficiale" rilasciato da SitiWebUfficiali.it che ne garantiscono l'autenticità con una serie di specifiche verifiche.Cadaqués è uno dei luoghi più belli che abbia mai visto. Si tratta di un piccolo villaggio sulla costa catalana, in cui le case bianche, l'acqua chiara e il sole vi invitano a staccare la spina dalle grandi città. È il paese più orientale della parte continentale della Spagna e della Costa Brava, si trova nella provincia di Girona, in Catalogna nella comarca dell'Alt Empordà.هوسیها (به انگلیسی: Hussite) اعضای یک جنبش مذهبی بودند، به رهبری یان هوس (۱۳۶۹-۱۴۱۵)، معلم اهل چک، که بعد از اعدام رهبرشان، علیه پادشاه مقدس روم قیام کردند و خواستار پارهای اصلاحات شدند. بیشتر خواستههای آنها در سال ۱۴۳۶ برآورده شد. آنها کلیسایی تاسیس کردند، که توانست تا سال ۱۶۲۰ مستقل از کلیسای روم به فعالیت بپردازد. در سده های چهاردهم و پاندزهم، بوهمیا قدرتمندترین کشور در امپراتوری روم مقدس، به ویژه تحت حکومت شاهان لوکزامبورگ چارلز چهارم (78-1347)، ونسسلاس چهارم (1419-1378)، و سیگیسموند (37-1419) بود که امپراتور نیز بودند. با شکوفایی اقتصادی و فرهنگی این پادشاهی، رقابت بین جمعیت چک و آلمانی نیز بالا گرفت. فرمانروایان لوکزامبورگ ترجیح میدادند آلمانی ها را به مناصب بالای کلیسایی برگمارند و ناخشنودی چکها آنها را به حمایت از اصلاح کلیسا واداشت؛ این مسئله مهمی بود که در زمان شکاف بزرگ سالهای 1378 تا 1417 (ظهور دو پاپ و اختلاف بین کشورهای اروپایی) تعیین کننده شد.[۱] شاخص ترین سخنگوی چکها در عرصه اصلاح گری یان هوس، متفکر و رئیس دانشگاه چارلز پراگ بود. هوس خواستار دینی ساده تر و قابل فهم تر بود و معتقد بود خدمات و مراسم کلیسا باید در کشور چک به اجرا گذاشته شود. اکثریت آلمانی در سلسله مراتب کلیسایی، واکنش قابل پیش بینی ای داشتند و سرانجام از نهادهای پاپی برای نابودی نوشته های بدعت گذارانه او در دانشگاه چارلز بهره بردند.[۲] به سال 1411، ونسسلاس از ادعای خود برای کسب مقام سلطنت به سود برادر ناتنی اش، سیگیسموند مجارستان دست برداشت. پس از تلاشی ناموفق برای پایان دادن به شکاف شکل گرفته در دولت پاپی به سال 1409، سه پاپ ظهور کردند و سیگیسموند تصمیم به حل این مسئله گرفت. برای رسیدن بدین مقصود، وی یکی از پاپها به نام ژان 23ام (15-1410) را ترغیب نمود شورایی در کنستانس واقع در جنوب ایتالیا برگزار نماید. شورا (18-1414) که سرانجام از حمایت تمامی قدرتهای عمده اروپایی برخوردار شد، با موفقیت هر سه پاپ دیگر را خلع و کشیش بزرگ جدید به نام مارتین چهارم (31-1417) را به جای آنان نشانید. شورا همچنین اقدام به سرکوب اندیشه های جان ویکلیف، هوس و غیره نمود. به سال 1415، هوس با امان گرفتن از سیگیسموند مبنی بر خوش رفتاری شاه با وی، برای دفاع از عقاید خود به کنستانس رفت. اما، مشاوران سیگیسموند از وی خواستند هوس را به عنوان بدعت گذار محکوم سازد در غیر این صورت احتمال انحلال شورا وجود خواهد داشت و وی نیز با بی میلی به محاکمه و سوزاندن وی در آتش رای داد.[۳] جنبش هوسی ها یا هوسیتها پس از این واقعه به رهبری ژیژکا نابغه نظامی چک، شکل گرفت.در مرکز تاریخی سورنتو (یک شهر کوچک در جنوب ایتالیا) دره عمیقی قرار دارد که با عنوان دره آسیابها شناخته شده است. این آسیابهای قدیمی حدود قرن دهم ساخته شده اند. در قرن نوزدهم این آسیاب به حال خود رها شد و پوشش گیاهی سرتاسر آن را فرا گرفت.
دره آسیاب در سورنتو
این آسیاب الان به عنوان یک جاذبه گردشگری منحصر به فرد در جنوب ایتالیا مورد توجه قرار گرفته است.Giraldi, Balkanalysis adlı internet sitesinde yayınlanan söyleşide, bu kişinin adının sadece en üst düzeye CIA yetkililerinin bildiğini, temasların çok dikkatle ve Türkiye dışında, Türklerin tanımadığı bir CIA görevlisince yürütüldüğünü öne sürdü. Türkiye ile ABD arasında, casusluk yapmama anlaşmasının bulunmadığını belirten Giraldi, "CIA üyesi olduğundan süphelenen Büyükelçilik görevlileri dışarıya çıktığında izlenirdi" dedi.آرنو آنتلیتز، مدیر مالی فولکس واگن گفت: “فولکس واگن انتظار فروش در نیمه دوم سال را دارد.”
به گزارش رویترز، آنتلیتز در سخنرانی در کنفرانس رویدادهای خودروی اروپایی رویترز 2022 همچنین گفت که گسترش زنجیره تامین باتری دشوارترین هدف توافقنامه اتحادیه اروپا است که قبلاً قوانین پیشنهادی برای حذف فروش خودروهای جدید موجود را تعیین کرده بود. . در سال 2035 به دست آمد.
او همچنین تایید کرد که با وجود عدم اطمینان بازار، این شرکت همچنان در حال کار بر روی لیست پورشه AG برای سه ماهه چهارم سال است.
انتهای پیام/2010 World Monuments Watch
Perched high on a hill at the confluence of the Pahra and Desna rivers, the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of the Sign surveys the surrounding topography of Podol’sk, a Russian industrial city just south of Moscow. Cast against an often bleak winter terrain, the church and its octagonal tower emerge from the landscape as would a lighthouse at sea, capped by a blazing, golden crown. Completed in 1704 by order of Boris Alexeevich Golitsyn and supported by then Russian Czar Peter I, the church’s unique architecture and design place it among the most significant of its period in Russia. Religious figures peer from atop the richly hewn stone façades, among the first demonstrations of religious sculpture in a country and culture that had long believed statuary to be idolatrous. Inside, rich blues accent interior walls saturated by religious paintings, iconic reliefs, and gilded wooden carving. Religious repression under the Soviet Russian resulted in the closing of the church regime in the 1930s, and it fell into heavy disrepair in the last 80 years. When it was finally returned to the local community in the early 1990s, extensive ground and atmospheric water damage had already exacted a heavy toll.
Since the Watch
Since Watch listing, the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God of the Sign received a 2010 award from the U.S. Ambassadors Fund for Cultural Preservation for restoration efforts. August 2010Azione di responsabilità per rovina di immobile esperibile dall'acquirente contro il venditore
L'azione di responsabilità per rovina e difetti dell’immobile ex art. 1669 c.c. è esperibile dall'acquirente contro il venditore che ha costruito l'immobile. Cassazione Sentenza n. 20877/20
Il fatto.
Riscontrati gravi difetti nell’immobile da poco acquistato (in particolare trattavasi di problemi all’impianto termico e fuoriuscita di acqua dai sanitari) l’acquirente chiamava in giudizio la venditrice per sentirla condannare al pagamento dei costi necessari all’eliminazione dei vizi.
La venditrice chiamava in causa l’impresa costruttrice per sentirsi, in manleva, sollevata nella domanda contro la stessa promossa.
Il tribunale accoglieva la domanda qualificandola quale grave difetto dell’immobile ai sensi dell’art. 1667 c.c. in tema di contratto di appalto.
Proposto appello, la Corte del gravame riformava la sentenza di primo grado accogliendo il rilievo che il rapporto contrattuale fra venditore e acquirente non poteva essere regolato dalle norme codicistiche che regolano il contratto di appalto, dovendosi, invece, applicare le usuali norme sulla compravendita previste dall’art. 1495 c.c.
Le tempistiche della prescrizione dell’azione e della decadenza mutano in relazione alla normativa da applicarsi e, nel caso di specie, la Corte d’Appello aveva ritenuto prescritta l’azione proposta dall’acquirente, senza che vi fosse stato alcun riconoscimento da parte del venditore.
Il caso viene sottoposto all’attenzione della Corte di Cassazione civile, la quale decide con Sentenza n. 20877 depositata in data 30 settembre 2020.
Responsabilità del venditore per vizi dell’appalto
La Corte di Cassazione conferma il principio secondo il quale l'acquirente non può esercitare l'azione per ottenere l'adempimento del contratto d'appalto e l'eliminazione dei difetti dell'opera a norma degli artt. 1667 e 1668 c.c., spettando tale azione, di natura contrattuale, esclusivamente al committente nel contratto d'appalto.
Tuttavia aggiunge una ulteriore importante precisazione che riguarda l’ambito di applicabilità dell’art. 1669 c.c. riguardante la rovina o gravi difetti dell’immobile. Si riporta l’articolo per comodità.
Art. 1669 - Rovina e difetti di cose immobili
Quando si tratta di edifici o di altre cose immobili destinate per loro natura a lunga durata, se, nel corso di dieci anni dal compimento, l'opera, per vizio del suolo o per difetto della costruzione, rovina in tutto o in parte, ovvero presenta evidente pericolo di rovina o gravi difetti, l'appaltatore e' responsabile nei confronti del committente e dei suoi aventi causa, purché sia fatta la denunzia entro un anno dalla scoperta.
Il diritto del committente si prescrive in un anno dalla denunzia.
Tale azione può essere promossa, afferma la S.C., anche dall’acquirente nei confronti del venditore.
Infatti, secondo la Corte, i limiti di applicazione che abbiamo visto confinare l’applicabilità degli artt. 1667 e 1668 c.c. non si applicano “ ... per l'azione prevista dall'art. 1669 c.c., di natura extracontrattuale, che opera non solo a carico dell'appaltatore ed a favore del committente, ma anche a carico del costruttore ed a favore dell'acquirente”.
E ancora, leggiamo in motivazione: “La norma di cui all'art. 1669 c.c., invero, prevedendo un'ipotesi di responsabilità extracontrattuale sancita per ragioni e finalità di interesse generale, deve ritenersi applicabile, nonostante la sedes materiae, non soltanto ai rapporti tra committente e appaltatore ma anche a quelli tra l'acquirente ed il costruttore-venditore, pur in mancanza, tra essi, di un formale contratto d'appalto, con la conseguenza che il predetto costruttore non può ritenersi sollevato dalla responsabilità verso l'acquirente qualora l'opera sia stata eseguita (in tutto o in parte), su suo incarico, da un terzo …. Il venditore di unità immobiliari che ne curi direttamente la costruzione, ancorchè i lavori siano stati appaltati ad un terzo, risponde, quindi, nei confronti degli acquirenti, dei gravi difetti, a norma dell'art. 1669 c.c. e cioè a titolo di responsabilità extracontrattuale, indipendentemente dall'identificazione del contratto con essi intercorso”.
La prescrizione dell’azione per rovina o gravi difetti dell’immobile
Nel caso di specie fra l’ultimazione dell’opera e la proposizione dell’azione era trascroso più di un anno.
Tuttavia è la stessa Corte che ricorda, richiamando un proprio precedente, come debba essere ribadito il principio secondo il quale “… in tema di garanzia per gravi difetti dell'opera ai sensi dell'art. 1669 c.c., il termine per la relativa denunzia non inizia a decorrere finchè il danneggiato non abbia conoscenza sicura dei difetti e tale consapevolezza non può ritenersi raggiunta sino a quando non si sia manifestata la gravità
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Karşılaşmada gol perdesini transferde adı Fenerbahçe ile anılan Yerry Mina açarken Güney amerika temsilcisinin diğer gollerini ise Falcao ve Cuadrado kaydetti.
Bu sonuçla Kolombiya grupta 3 puanla 3. sıraya yükseldi ve son 16'ya kalma şansını son maça taşırken Polonya Dünya Kupası'na veda etmiş oldu.جعفر محمدی
مروری بر عملکرد ۹ دی حاکی از آن است که اصول حرفه ای روزنامه نگاری مانند انصاف، دقت و صحت در این هفته نامه اساساً محلی از اعراب نداشت و علاوه بر آن، مدام مصوبات شورای عالی امنیت ملی را نقض می کرد.
در این که با هر شخص حقیقی یا حقوقی قانون شکن باید برخورد شود تا نظم اجتماعی برقرار بماند تردیدی نیست ولی توقیف نشریه، کاری نیست که بتوان از آن دفاع کرد ولو آن که این نشریه متعلق به جریانی باشد که مورد پسند ما نیست.
پیشتر نیز گفته ایم و همچنان بر این موضع اصولی خود هستیم که باید سازوکارهای تنبیهی دیگری جز تعطیلی رسانه ها در مواجهه با اشتباهات، تخلفات و حتی جرائم آنها در پیش گرفت.
نکته اول این است که باید آستانه تحمل را بالا برد. خوشبختانه در دولت یازدهم این اتفاق رخ داده است ولی هنوز بدان اندازه نرسیده که بتوان بدان مباهات کرد.
در دولت قبل، هیچ رسانه ای حق انتقاد از مذاکره کنندگان را نداشت و رسانه ها حتی نمی توانستند زمانی که علیه ایران قطعنامه صادر می شد و کشور مرحله به مرحله در چاه تحریم ها فرو می رفت، انتقادی از وضعیت موجود داشته باشند ولی اینک فضا به حدی باز شده است که دهها رسانه مکتوب و اینترنتی علیه مذاکره کنندگانی که توانسته اند گامی مهم برای لغو تحریم ها بردارند، تیتر می زنند و حتی صدا و سیما نیز همراهی شان می کند.
با این وجود انتظار می رود روند افزایش آستانه تحمل همچنان بالا برود و مسوولان بدانند که پذیرفتن پست و مقام، مترادف است با در معرض انتقاد بودن. بنابراین، اگر تاب انتقاد – ولو ناوارد – را ندارند، اساساً نباید قبول مسؤولیت کنند. انتقاد پذیری و سعه صدر، لازمه مسؤولیت پذیری است و این اصل، درباره مسؤولان همه قوا صادق است.
نکته بعدی، نحوه برخورد با رسانه هاست. توقیف رسانه، بدترین و اشتباه ترین شکل ممکن در مواجهه با یک رسانه است. وجود یک یا چند مطلب یا تصویر – حتی مجرمانه – نمی تواند دلیل موجهی برای توقیف یک رسانه باشد. این درست مانند آن است که بانک ملی ایران یا بانک صادرات را بعد از ماجرای اختلاس سه هزار میلیارد تومانی توقیف می کردند ولی این بانک ها به حیات خود ادامه دادند و تنها با افرادی که درگیر جرم بودند برخورد شد و البته حق مطلب هم همین بود.
در رسانه ها هم باید این گونه باشد و به جای توقیف نشریه باید با متخلفان برخورد کرد و مجازات هایی مانند توقف انتشار برای مدت معین، جریمه نقدی و … را در دستور کار قرار داد، همان طور که در دنیای نوین این گونه می کنند.
بستن نشریه، بستن ممر معاش کسانی که در آن نشریه کار می کنند -و همه شان نیز در تولید محتوا مشارکت ندارند- هست. همچنین توقیف هر نشریه، بی احترامی به مخاطبان آن است که افکار و رویکردهای سیاسی و اجتماعی خود را در آن نشریه دنبال می کنند.
موضوع بعدی، صلاحیت هیأت نظارت بر مطبوعات در خصوص توقیف مطبوعات است. هر چند قانون مطبوعات چنین حقی را به هیأت نظارت داده ولی واقعیت این است که این امر، خلاف نص صریح قانون اساسی است که به صراحت مقرر می دارد رسیدگی به جرائم مطبوعاتی در صلاحیت دادگاه مطبوعات آن هم با حضور هیأت نظارت بر مطبوعات است که باید به طور علنی برگزار شود.(اصل ۱۶۸ قانون اساسی)
این در حالی است که هیأت نظارت بر مطبوعات، نه دادگاه است، نه متهم اجازه حضور و دفاع دارد، نه هیأت منصفه ای در کار است و نه به صورت علنی برگزار می شود!
البته هیأت نظارت طبق قانون موجود فعالیت می کند و حرجی از این بابت بر آن نیست؛ شگفت اینجاست که چگونه شورای نگهبان این قانون را تأیید کرده و چرا هیچ کسی به این رویه خلاف قانون اساسی انتقاد و اعتراضی ندارد؟!
با این اوصاف، توقیف نشریه ۹ دی – که از منظر ما افراط گرا به شمار می رود – امری مذموم است. این نشریه و نیز همه نشریات اعم از اصلاح طلب و اصولگرا و مستقل، باید بدون هیچ واهمه ای فعالیت کنند و خود را در معرض قضاوت مردم قرار دهند. این برای جمهوری اسلامی برازنده نیست که هر از گاهی خبری از توقیف یک نشریه از آن برسد.Seizure disorders generally occur in about 1 to 2% of dogs, but the incidence in certain breeds can be as high as 15 to 20%. A seizure is a reproducible change in behavior which represents a paroxysmal, uncontrolled, transient electric discharge from the neurons in the brain (Clemmons, 1997). Seizures disorders may be categorized as idiopathic epilepsy, acquired epilepsy or active seizure disease.
Inherited (idiopathic) epilepsy, which is due to an inborn biochemical defect of neurons, is related to Kidney Jing Deficiency causing Wind. Acquired epilepsy, which is due to the presence of an old injury, is related to Stagnation causing Wind. In both cases, the epilepsy leads to abnormal electrical activities in the brain. Of these, idiopathic epilepsy is a common cause of recurrent seizures in dogs.
Epilepsy represents a seizure disorder where the seizure is the disease and treating the seizure treats the disease. Alternatively, active seizure disease is defined as a seizure disorder where the seizure represents only one symptom or manifestation of the true disease process (i.e. metabolic disorders, infections, neoplasia, toxicities, and various systemic diseases). In this case, treating the seizure only treats the symptom, not the disease; thus, one must ascertain and treat the underlying pathologic condition to heal the patient.
In TCVM, "seizure" is called Chou-feng and "epilepsy" is called Xian Zheng. Both seizures and epilepsy belong to internal wind syndromes. Su Wen (General Questions) contains some of the earliest written discussions on epilepsy:
Why epilepsy occurs...Its etiology traces back to the fetus in the mother's uterus. When the mother was frightened/scared, her Qi flowed up but was unable to descend. Qi and Jing stayed together (Jing was consumed); consequently, her child would have epilepsy.
This suggested that epilepsy could be inherited. Later TCM practitioners found that epilepsy is related to phlegm, stagnation, and disharmony of Zang Qi. Generally, epilepsy can be divided into the following six Patterns:
Obstruction by Wind-Phlegm H2410 Ding Xian Wan
Internal Profusion of Phlegm-Fire H2412 Di Tan Tang and E3907 Long Dan Xie Gan
Stagnation of Blood H2412 Di Tan Tang and B3315 Tao Hong Si Wu
Liver Blood Deficiency A3320 Bu Xue Xi Feng
Liver/Kidney Yin Deficiency A3325 Yang Yin Xi Feng
Kidney Jing Deficiency A0190 Epimedium Powder
Western Medical Indications:
Cough with yellow phlegm
Internal Wind due to Wind-Phlegm with Heat
Loss of consciousness
Screaming and foaming at the mouth
Wood personality (agitated, irritable)
Tongue: Red or purple, greasy coating
Caution during pregnancy
Dosage for Horse:
15 g twice daily as top dressing on feed
Dosage for Dog/Cat:
0.5 g per 10 to 20 lb body weight twice daily
Use as needed up to 6 months
Chinese Principles of Treatment:
Transform phlegm, clear Internal Wind and stop seizure
Di Tan Tang from Ji Sheng Fang (Formulas from Aid the Living) by Yan Yong-He, 1253.
Chen Pi-Citrus, Dan Nan Xing-Arisaema, Fu Ling-Poria, Gan Cao-Glycyrrhiza, Gan Jiang-Zingiberis, Gou Teng-Uncaria,
Hai Zao-Sargassum, Kun Bu-Laminaria, Ren Shen(Kirin)-Ginseng, Shi Jue Ming-Haliotis, Shi Chang Pu-Acorus,
Zhi Shi-Aurantium, Zhu Ru-Bambusa在纽约西部社区的积极成员，法案资深后卫Lorenzo Alexander和他的ACES基金会将在6月9日星期六下午12点举办水牛保龄球运动，这项赛事将在纽约西塞尼卡的前锋车道举行。将受益于ACES访问计划——该计划侧重于与南方公园高中足球队和贝尔中心的合作和关系建设。
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Non–HIV-Related Causes of Death in Patients with AIDS
Am Fam Physician. 2006 Dec 1;74(11):1958-1960.
Advances in therapy have markedly changed the medical care of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) over the past two decades. Increasingly effective antiretroviral drugs and prophylaxis against opportunistic infections make it possible for patients with AIDS to experience relatively good health for many years after diagnosis. As mortality related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become less common, the prevention and treatment of non–HIV-related conditions has increased in importance. Sackoff and colleagues conducted a population-based cohort analysis to characterize common causes of death in patients with AIDS.
The analysis used data from the New York City HIV/AIDS Reporting System and Vital Statistics Registry. The study population included 68,669 patients who were 13 years or older, had an AIDS diagnosis, and resided in New York City any time between 1999 and 2004. Most patients were black (46.9 percent) or Hispanic (33.4 percent), and 69.9 percent were men. One in three patients was diagnosed with AIDS before 1996, the year that highly active antiretroviral therapy became a standard of care. Death certificate information was used to identify causes of death as HIV related or non-HIV related. Non–HIV-related causes of death were classified into 16 subcategories, including deaths from substance abuse and non–HIV-related cancers. The underlying cause of death could be determined in 98.2 percent of cases.
During the study, 12,715 patients died and had known causes of death. Of these deaths, 9,613 were determined to be HIV related and 3,102 were non-HIV related. Three out of four deaths from non–HIV-related causes could be attributed to substance abuse, cardiovascular disease, or cancer. Between 1999 and 2004, the HIV-related mortality rate decreased by 54.9 percent, and the non–HIV-related mortality rate decreased by 34.3 percent. Consequently, the proportion of deaths from non–HIV-related causes rose by one third during this period (from 19.8 to 26.3 percent of all deaths). Ischemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and lung cancer were significant contributors to non–HIV-related deaths in women and men older than 55 years.
The authors conclude that although the overall mortality rate in patients with AIDS has declined, non–HIV-related illnesses now represent a larger percentage of all causes of death. In light of these findings, they suggest that physicians who provide care to HIV-infected patients place increased emphasis on the primary and secondary prevention of chronic non–HIV-related conditions.
Sackoff JE, et al. Causes of death among persons with AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: New York City. Ann Intern Med. September 19, 2006;145:397–406.
editor’s note: In the same issue, an editorial written by one of the authors of the 2004 Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline for primary care of patients with HIV infection1 notes the transformation of HIV care from subspecialist-oriented to primary care.2 The expertise of family physicians in behavioral counseling and management of multiple chronic diseases is essential to providing comprehensive care for these patients. Hopefully, the recent recommendation by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to routinely screen all patients 13 to 64 years of age for HIV infection will increase the proportion of patients who are diagnosed at an early stage of disease, when prevention can be of greatest benefit.3—k.w.l.
1. Aberg JA, Gallant JE, Anderson J, Oleske JM, Libman H, Currier JS, et al. Primary care guidelines for the management of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: recommendations of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:609–29.
2. Aberg JA. The changing face of HIV care: common things really are common [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:463–4.
3. Branson BM, Handsfield HH, Lampe MA, Janssen RS, Taylor AW, Lyss SB, et al. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55:1–17.
Copyright © 2006 by the American Academy of Family Physicians.
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Want to use this article elsewhere? Get PermissionsCape Indians, Apartheid and Higher Education
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On a Sunday afternoon, 15 November 2009, the Luxurama Theatre in Wynberg was filled to capacity as Indians in Cape Town gathered to launch the Cape Town 1860 Legacy Foundation in preparation for the 2010 events commemorating the 150th anniversary of the arrival of Indians in Natal. The Foundation had been constituted after meetings in Cape Town had been addressed by Satish Dhupelia and AV Mohammed who were members of the 1860 Legacy Foundation of Durban, tasked with co-ordinating a national movement. They and Ashwin Trikamjee, a religious leader who chaired the Durban committee were present. The gathering brought Gujarati Hindus, Christians, Muslims, and Tamil Hindus of the city together. While the ancestors of many of those present had come as immigrants to the Cape directly from India and had little direct connection to indenture, the Tamils present did have their roots in the indenture system. The movement from Natal to the Cape Colony by the ex-indentured had, in fact, begun from the 1870s in response to the discovery of diamonds in Kimberley.1 Many Tamil Indians would continue to come to the Cape in the post-Union period often breaking inter-provincial restrictions on movement and settling in the Cape illegally.سوال غلط: آیا باهوش هستم؟
پاسخ به سوال بالا، یا بله است یا خیر، یعنی هم می تواند پاسخی امیدوارکننده داشته باشد هم پاسخی ناامیدکننده؛ که البته در نظام آموزشی ما اکثر پاسخ ها به سمت پاسخ ناامیدکننده می رود. اتفاقی که سالهاست در ارزیابی های جامعه و مدرسه افتاده است و دریغا که هنوز هم می افتد.
سوال درست: در چه زمینه ای باهوش هستم؟
پاسخ به این سوال می تواند امیدوار کننده باشد چرا که هر کدام از ما حتما در زمینه ای خاص استعداد بیشتری نسبت به اطرافیان خود داریم.
هوارد گاردنر (Howard Gardner) استاد روانشناسی دانشگاه هاروارد معتقد است که میبایستی مفهوم وسیع تری از استعداد در ذهن داشت. او تأکید دارد که مهمترین کمک آموزشی که می توان برای دانش آموز داشت این است که او را در مسیر شناسایی استعداش و بکارگیری آن استعداد همراهی کنیم.
گاردنر معتقد است که هوش از مهارتهای مختلفی تشکیل می شود. یک نفر ممکن است بتواند با شنیدن صدای یک پرنده نوع آن پرنده را تشخیص دهد؛ دیگری ممکن است استعداد خاصی در یادگیری سازهای مختلف داشته باشد و نفر دیگر براحتی و در زمانی کوتاه می تواند با دیگران ارتباط صمیمانه برقرار کند.
گاردنر در فرضیه "هوش های چندگانه" خود که حاصل تحقیقی در دانشگاه هاروارد است، وجود حداقل هشت هوش را در مغز انسان شناسایی کرده است:
١) هوش زبان شناختی
٢) هوش تصویری – فضایی
٣) هوش موسیقیایی
۴) هوش منطقی – ریاضی
۵) هوش حرکات بدنی
۶) هوش میان فردی
٧) هوش درون فردی
۸) هوش طبیعت گرا
در مطالب بعدی به توضیح انواع هشت هوش می پردازیم.Bilim insanları, European Journal of Pain’de yeni doğan bebeklerin beyinlerinde ebeveynlerinin temasını giysi altından hissettiklerinde, doğrudana kıyasla ağrıya karşı daha fazla tepki olduğunu belirtiyor.
Kıdemli yazar Dr. Lorenzo Fabrizi (UCL Nörobilim, Fizyoloji & Farmakoloji) şunları söyledi: “Bir bebek ebeveyni tarafından doğrudan teninden tutulduğunda, beyinin ağrıya tepkisinin bir şekilde azaldığını gördük. Ayrıca bebeğin beyni ağrıya verdiği tepkiyi işlemek için de farklı bir yol kullanıyor.
“Bebeğin gerçekten daha az ağrı hissedip hissetmediğini doğrulayamasak da, bulgularımız ebeveynler ile yeni doğan bebekleri arasındaki temasın önemli rolünü pekiştiriyor.”
Çalışma, University College London Hastaneleri’nde 0-96 günlük prematüre veya vaktinde doğan 27 bebeği içeriyordu. Araştırmacılar acı veren ancak klinik olarak gerekli olan topuk iğnelerine (kan testi) verdikleri tep
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bulunabilen ve kullanılabilen bir doğal tedavi seçeneğidir. Düzenli olarak uygulandığında, avuç içi kaşıntısının hafiflemesine yardımcı olabilir ve cildinizi rahatlatabilir.
Beyaz Sirke Banyosu
Beyaz sirke ile yapılan bir el banyosu, avuç içi kaşıntısını azaltmaya yardımcı olabilir.
Beyaz sirke, doğal ve etkili bir ev çözümüdür. Avuç içi kaşıntısını hafifletmek için kullanılabilir. Sirke, anti-enflamatuar özellikleri sayesinde cilt tahrişini yatıştırabilir ve kaşıntıyı azaltabilir.
Beyaz sirke banyosu için uygulama oldukça basittir. Bir kase sıcak suya birkaç yemek kaşığı beyaz sirke ekleyin. Ellerinizi bu karışıma batırın ve 10-15 dakika boyunca bekletin. Ardından ellerinizi temiz suyla durulayın ve kurulayın.
Bu yöntemi düzenli olarak uygulamak, avuç içi kaşıntısını azaltmaya yardımcı olabilir. Ancak, sirkeye karşı bir alerjiniz varsa veya cildinizde herhangi bir tahriş veya yara varsa, kullanmadan önce doktorunuza danışmanız önemlidir.
Baharatlı Zencefil Suyu
Baharatlı Zencefil Suyu
Zencefil, anti-enflamatuar özellikleri sayesinde avuç içi kaşıntısının hafifletilmesine yardımcı olabilir. Bu güçlü bitkinin içerdiği aktif bileşenler, inflamasyonu azaltarak kaşıntıya neden olan semptomları rahatlatabilir.
Baharatlı zencefil suyu yapmak için aşağıdaki adımları izleyebilirsiniz:
- Bir parça taze zencefili soyun ve rendeleyin.
- 1 su bardağı suyu kaynatın ve rendelenmiş zencefili ekleyin.
- Kaynamaya devam ettirerek zencefilin içerisine geçmesini sağlayın.
- 5-10 dakika boyunca kaynatmaya devam edin ve ardından ocaktan alın.
- Suyu süzün ve içmeye hazır hale getirin.
Baharatlı zencefil suyunu günde 2-3 kez tüketerek avuç içi kaşıntısının hafiflemesine katkıda bulunabilirsiniz. Ancak, herhangi bir alerjik reaksiyon veya yan etki gelişirse, derhal doktorunuza başvurmanız önemlidir.
Beslenme ve Hygiene
Beslenme ve hijyen konuları, avuç içi kaşıntısını önlemenin önemli faktörleridir. Sağlıklı bir beslenme düzeni, vücudun ihtiyaç duyduğu besinleri almasına ve bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmesine yardımcı olabilir. Bu da cilt sağlığınızı iyileştirerek avuç içi kaşıntısını azaltabilir. Omega-3 yağ asitleri, A, C, E vitamini gibi anti-inflamatuar özelliklere sahip olan besinlerin tüketimi önerilir. Aynı zamanda lifli gıdaları tercih etmek ve yeterli miktarda su tüketmek de sağlıklı bir beslenme düzeninin önemli unsurlarıdır.
Hijyen de avuç içi kaşıntısını önlemede etkili olabilir. Ellerinizi düzenli olarak yıkamak, bakteri ve mikropların yayılmasını engeller ve el sağlığını korur. Kuru ve çatlamış ellerin nemlendirilmesi, cildinizi koruyarak kaşıntıyı azaltabilir. Ayrıca, tahriş edici maddelerden kaçınmak da önemlidir. Bu nedenle, el hijyenine dikkat etmek ve sağlıklı bir beslenme düzeni izlemek, avuç içi kaşıntısını önlemek için atılması gereken adımlardır.
Sağlıklı bir beslenme düzeni ve iyi bir hijyen, avuç içi kaşıntısını önlemeye yardımcı olabilir.
Tedavi Seçenekleri
Tedavi Seçenekleri
Gerektiğinde, avuç içi kaşıntısını tedavi etmek için eczanelerde reçetesiz ilaçlar bulunmaktadır. Avuç içi kaşıntısıyla başa çıkmak için birkaç tedavi seçeneği mevcuttur:
- Topikal Kortikosteroid Kremler: Doktorunuzun önerisiyle kullanılan topikal kortikosteroid kremler, avuç içi kaşıntısını rahatlatabilir. Bu kremler, kaşıntıyı azaltırken aynı zamanda cildin tahrişini de önleyebilir.
- Antihistaminik İlaçlar: Antihistaminik ilaçlar, avuç içi kaşıntısına neden olan alerjik reaksiyonları hafifletebilir. Bu ilaçlar, histamin adı verilen kimyasalların salınımını engelleyerek kaşıntıyı azaltabilirler.
Tedavi seçenekleri arasında yer alan bu ilaçlar, avuç içi kaşıntısını geçici olarak hafifletebilir. Ancak, şiddetli ve sürekli bir avuç içi kaşıntısı sorunu yaşıyorsanız, bir dermatologdan uzman tavsiyesi almanız önemlidir.
Topikal Kortikosteroid Kremler
Doktorunuzun önerisiyle kullanılan topikal kortikosteroid kremler, avuç içi kaşıntısını rahatlatabilir.
Antihistaminik İlaçlar
Antihistaminik ilaçlar, avuç içi kaşıntısına neden olan alerjik reaksiyonları hafifletebilir. Bu ilaçlar, vücutta salınan histamin adı verilen kimyasal maddeye etki ederek kaşıntı hissini azaltabilir. Histamin, alerjik reaksiyonlarda ve inflamasyon süreçlerinde rol oynayan bir maddedir.
Antihistaminik ilaçlar, histamin etkisini bloke ederek bu etkilerin azalmasını sağlar. Bu sayede avuç içi kaşıntısına neden olan alerjik reaksiyonlar kontrol altına alınabilir.
Reçeteli ya da reçetesiz olarak temin edilebilen antihistaminik ilaçlar, farklı formlarda bulunabilir. Bazıları tablet veya kapsül şeklinde kullanılırken, bazıları ise kremler ya da losyonlar şeklinde uygulanabilir. Doktorunuza danışarak hangi formun size uygun olduğunu öğrenebilir ve kullanım talimatlarına uygun şekilde kullanabilirsiniz.宣化
近日，中国音乐文学学会词曲作家一行20余人到宣化区进行了为期3天的采风，深入挖掘古城宣化各方面资源进行创作。 宣化区于去年10月建成了全省唯一一家中国音乐学会创作基地。图为作家们在古葡萄园采风。
陈晓东 温琦This little story is doing the rounds at the moment on facebook and twitter etc. I have added a few true or false questions. It is a lovely little story and I think any age group will enjoy it. Key included.
The present downloadable worksheet was created for at Pre-intermediate (A2) level. It is a useful material for revising Past simple tense in English, and is excellent for enhancing your class' Reading skills. It centers around the vocabulary topic of Fables.Cattedrale, nel chiostro, sui sedili perimetrali vi sono 4 TC poste in orizzontale di cui una è molto deteriorata (le cinte visibili sono molto strette). ci sono anche un Tris e anche uno schema del Fox and gees (La Volpe e le oche).
Nel libro "The Cathedral Church in Glouchester" è riportato dettagliatamente che una TC (Nine-Men's-Morris), un Fox and Geese ed un'altro tavoliere simile (ma non identico o forse alcuni tratti sono scomparsi) sono incisi sui sedili di pietra addossati al muro del passaggio nord (da est a ovest) che si ritiene frequentato dai novizi, i quali sarebbero stati gli esecutori dei giochi incisi. Il passaggio era chiuso a entrambe le estremità da schermi e quindi doveva avere un uso speciale.
Nel passaggio meridionale una TC incompiuta; in quello occidentale sembra di capire che si tratti di due quadrati quadripartiti (che inscrivono una croce) ma potrebbero essere Tris.
- Scheda aggiornata il 7/04/2021 con le utili informazioni di Mr. Alan Smith, che ringraziamo vivamente
- https://www.ajhw.co.uk/books/book350/book350k/book350k.html#image39Questions and Answers
Q: What is the current test planting about?
A: The test plantings represent the first field tests of blight-resistant seedlings of the American chestnut, developed through a backcross-breeding program. The test planting includes seventh generation trees resulting from six successive generations of selection and breeding led by The American Chestnut Foundation in cooperation with several partners. The Southern Research Station of the U.S. Forest Service is leading the effort to field test the seedlings.
Q: How are the blight-resistant American chestnuts different than historic American chestnuts?
A: The blight-resistant American chestnuts have Chinese chestnuts in their pedigree, exactly six generations back. It is from these Chinese ancestors that the blight-resistant genes have been passed down to the current generation. In ratios or percentages we can say that, on average, the trees produced by this backcross method are 15/16ths or 94 percent American. At each generation, selection has been practiced for blight resistance derived from the Chinese ancestors and for all other traits derived from the American ancestors, resulting in current blight-resistant American chestnut with the same look and ecological function as the historic American chestnut.
Q: Who is involved in the test plantings of the blight-resistant seeds?
A: Many individuals and organizations have been involved in the effort to restore the American chestnut. The American Chestnut Foundation (TACF) has led the effort to breed a blight-resistant American chestnut tree for restoration to its native range in the eastern United States over the past 26 years. The Southern Research Station (SRS) of the U.S. Forest Service has led the research planning for field implementation of the first forest planting of blight-resistant trees. The Southern Region of the U.S. Forest Service has written and is directing the Memorandum of Understanding document with TACF. Silviculturists and a regional geneticist from the Forest Service have worked with partners to determine which National Forests and specific sites would be best suited to plant the blight-resistant seedlings. Since 2003, the Forest Health Protection division of the Forest Service has provided funding to TACF in support of the backcross breeding program. TACF’s tree pathologists have worked with various partners in testing planting sites for suitability for chestnut growth. The University of Tennessee’s Tree Improvement Program (TIP) provided the necessary infrastructure for SRS to implement nursery and field studies of chestnut material. This program has provided technical assistance to develop the experimental designs for testing, and will assist the SRS in monitoring the research.
Q: What is the significance of these restoration efforts?
A: Hardwood forests comprise 28 percent of the Eastern U.S. land base. The American chestnut was once one of the most important tree species in the eastern United States, making up one out of every four trees, or 25 percent of the hardwood canopy. Referred to as the “Mighty Giant,” they often grew to heights approaching 130 feet with diameters of five feet or more. Restoring the American chestnut will create benefits for wildlife, people, timber, commerce, and culture. For these reasons, the American chestnut was and is hoped to once again be an important component of the ecology and historical culture of the Southern Appalachians. If successful, this chestnut restoration project could represent one of the most important conservation success stories in the history of the Forest Service, and can provide hope for restoration of other tree species decimated by exotic pests.
Q: How does the restoration of the American chestnut create healthy forests?
A: The eventual restoration of the American chestnut to its former range benefits all plant and animal species that were historically associated with it, as well as those that exist today. The seeds from the American chestnut are highly nutritional and also provide a more reliable food source for wildlife because the tree blooms later in the year than many other species, rendering it less susceptible to late freezes. The American chestnut was a long-lived tree that was historically susceptible to few insect or disease problems and its wood was also decay resistant. The restoration of this tree will contribute to a healthy forest by increasing species diversity and thus the overall diversity of the forest ecosystem. Biodiversity of keystone tree species, i.e. a species maintaining a significant place in determining the composition of a biological community, is indicative of a healthy forest.
Q: How and when were the test trees planted?
A: The plantings were established using carefully crafted experimental design so that in future years, scientists can gain the most valuable scientific information from these plantings. This design protocol was developed in order to test and compare the differences in survival and growth of both pure American and Chinese chestnuts, as well as several generations of American x Chinese chestnuts. The data collected will be used to help guide future restoration efforts and to help TACF’s breeding program by identifying superior genetic families. The planting includes all generations of material produced in the TACF’s breeding program, from pure American and pure Chinese chestnuts to all generations in between. The first seedlings were planted in the early 2009 on three national forests in North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. Two additional plantings will be established in 2010 in Tennessee and Virginia.
Q: What is the current status of the blight resistant American chestnut trees?
A: The blight resistant American chestnut trees are currently two years old and have survived their first growing season after being planted in the forest. They are approximately four feet tall, with an average growth of 10-12 inches per year for the species. Two of the blight resistant trees flowered in this first year in the wild, a significant measurement of advanced maturity. They were examined in September 2009 and the survival rate is above 90 percent. The trees appear healthy overall, and are expected to be very competitive with natural tree vegetation in the forest. Deer browsing was affecting growth on some of the trees, so deer repellent was applied to trees to dissuade deer from eating the leaves and stems.
Q: How are test plots chosen?
A: The selection process includes looking at a variety of site conditions that are similar to the original range and habitat requirements of the American chestnut. All test plots are within national forests in the eastern part of the U.S., the original home range of the American chestnut. Exact locations of the test plantings are not being announced to ensure the trees grow undisturbed during these critical early years.
Q: What is the next step in the American chestnut restoration effort?
A: In 2010, the Southern Research Station, the University of Tennessee, and national forests in Tennessee and Virginia will establish two additional test plantings that comprise approximately 1200 seedlings. Plantings will test all generations of the American chestnut produced from TACF, including approximately 500 of the blight-resistant seedlings.
Q: I thought the American chestnut was extinct, but I saw one the other day. How can that be?
A: The American chestnut tree is not extinct. There are still millions of sprouts throughout its native range, mostly in forest areas. However, there are very few large, mature American chestnut trees. Most sprouts are less than eight inches dbh (diameter at breast height). The American chestnut tree is threatened with extinction from blight because very few trees reach maturity and therefore are unable to flower and produce seeds. Very few of the small sprouts will live long enough to flower, and when trees do flower, they tend to die fairly quickly. It is unclear how long it will take for most of the small sprouts to die out. On average, the large surviving trees measure only up to 18 inches in diameter, compared to up to five feet in historic times.
Q: Why should I care about restoring the American chestnut? The tree has been gone now for many decades and we seem to be doing okay without it, right?
A: Restoring the American chestnut to its historic range is important for several reasons. Below are reasons to consider:
Wildlife Food Source — Native wildlife from birds to bears, squirrels to deer, depended on the tree's abundant and dependable crops of nutritious nuts.
Organic Food Source for People — As winter came on, attics were often stacked to the rafters with flour bags full of the glossy, dark brown nuts. Springhouses and smokehouses were hung with hams and other products from livestock that had fattened on the harvest gleanings. What wasn't consumed was sold. Chestnuts are still enjoyed today, roasted and prepared other ways.
Timber Products — The tree was one of the best for timber because it grew straight and often branch-free for the first 50 feet. Loggers tell of loading entire railroad cars with boards cut from just one tree. Straight-grained, lighter in weight than oak, and more easily worked, chestnut was as rot-resistant as redwood. It was used for virtually everything—telegraph poles, railroad ties, shingles, paneling, fine furniture, musical instruments, even pulp and plywood. The timber quality of the blight-resistant American chestnut is yet unknown.
Q: How was the blight introduced? What causes the blight? Where is it from? How did it get here?
A: Imported on plant material in the late 19th century, and first discovered in 1904 in New York City, the blight, an Asian fungus to which our native chestnuts had very little resistance, spread quickly. In its wake it left only dead and dying trees. Except for the shrubby root sprouts the species continually produces (which quickly become infected), the keystone species had disappeared from some nine million acres of eastern forests by the year 1950. Nearly four billion trees were killed by the blight.
Q: When does the blight occur?
A: The spores of the fungus, which cause the blight, are in the environment; spread by wind, on animal fur, and by other means. They can infect American chestnut trees at any time. The blight can attack a seedling at any age, but typically the blight does not start to negatively affect the tree until age 5 or older.
Q: What happens to the trees once they get the blight?
A: For a pure American chestnut seedling, there will be very little resistance to the blight. Most pure American chestnut trees will succumb to the blight after 5 to 10 years. Very few trees survive after being infected with the blight. Some trees live with the blight for a few years through recurrent dieback and sprouting from the root system in the ground, prolonging the tree's life for a few more years. Some individual trees are more susceptible than others, and a few trees seem to be somewhat resistant. As part of the American chestnut reintroduction research, the wild trees that are mature and surviving in the wild are the source of pollen or are pollinated to eventually produce the blight-resistant nuts. Seedlings that have some Chinese chestnut genotype in them will be more resistant to the blight. While they will become infected with the blight, they can live with the blight longer than a pure American chestnut. The blight-resistant seedlings are expected to look like a pure American chestnut seedling, but will be highly blight-resistant, able to overcome the
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ler. Ayrıca, kabuklarını çatlatmadan sakladığınız yumurtaları mümkün olduğunca çabuk tüketmeniz de tavsiye edilir.
Sonuç olarak, haşlanmış yumurtaların tazeliğini ve lezzetini korumak için kabuklarını çatlatmadan buzdolabında saklamak önemlidir. Ayrıca, sirke kullanarak kabuklarını daha kolay soyabilir ve tüketilecekleri süreyi sınırlamanız da faydalı olacaktır. Bu basit yöntemleri uygulayarak, her zaman taze ve besleyici haşlanmış yumurtalara sahip olabilirsiniz.
Haşlanmış yumurtayı ne kadar süreyle buzdolabında tutabilirim?
Birçok kişi, haşlanmış yumurtaların ne kadar süre boyunca tazeliğini koruyabileceğini merak etmektedir. Yumurtalar sağlıklı bir besin kaynağı olup, protein, vitamin ve mineraller bakımından zengindir. Ancak, pişirildikten sonra saklama koşulları önemlidir.
Haşlanmış yumurtaları buzdolabında muhafaza etmek, taze olmalarını ve bozulmadan daha uzun süre dayanmalarını sağlar. Buzdolabı, mikroorganizmaların üremesini yavaşlatarak gıdanın tazelik ve güvenliğini korur.
Genel olarak, haşlanmış yumurtalar buzdolabında 5 ila 7 gün arasında taze kalabilir. Bununla birlikte, yumurtaların nasıl hazırlandığı, kabuklarının hasar görmesi durumu ve saklama koşulları da önemlidir.
Yumurtaları buzdolabında hava geçirmez bir kapta veya kabukları soyulmuş halde saklamak en iyisidir. Hava geçirmez kaplar, kokuların yayılmasını engeller ve diğer gıdaların aroma ve tatlarını yumurtalara geçmesini önler.
Eğer haşlanmış yumurtaları kabuklu olarak saklamayı tercih ederseniz, buzdolabının içindeki rafın üzerinde veya kapı raflarında saklayabilirsiniz. Kabuklarını soyduktan sonra ise hava geçirmez bir kapta buzdolabında tutmanız önerilir.
Bununla birlikte, haşlanmış yumurtaların tazeliğini gözlemlemek önemlidir. Şayet yemeden önce kötü kokulu veya bozulmuş olduğunu fark ederseniz, bunları tüketmekten kaçının.
Sonuç olarak, haşlanmış yumurtaları buzdolabında 5 ila 7 gün arasında saklayabilirsiniz. Ancak unutmayın ki tazeliklerini korumak için doğru saklama yöntemlerine uymanız önemlidir. Bu sayede sağlıklı ve lezzetli haşlanmış yumurtaları uzun süre boyunca keyifle tüketebilirsiniz.
Haşlanmış yumurta nasıl muhafaza edilmelidir?
Haşlanmış yumurtalar, besleyici bir atıştırmalık veya salata için mükemmel bir seçenektir. Ancak, bu yumurtaların doğru şekilde muhafaza edilmeleri önemlidir. İşte haşlanmış yumurtalarınızı taze ve güvenli bir şekilde saklamanızı sağlayacak ipuçları:
Haşladığınız yumurtaları soğutun: Haşladıktan sonra yumurtaları hemen soğuk suya koyun ve tamamen soğuyana kadar bekletin. Soğuma süreci, içerideki yumurta beyazının ve sarısının sertleşmesini sağlar.
Yumurtaları kabuklu olarak saklayın: Haşlanmış yumurtaları kabuklarıyla birlikte muhafaza etmek, içlerindeki besin maddelerinin korunmasına yardımcı olur. Kabukları hasar görmemiş yumurtaları seçmeye özen gösterin.
Buz dolabında saklayın: Haşlanmış yumurtaları buzdolabının raflarında tutun. Yüksek sıcaklıklarda bakteri üremesi daha hızlı gerçekleşebilir, bu nedenle ortalama bir sıcaklıkta saklamak önemlidir.
Konteynerde saklayın: Haşlanmış yumurtaları saklamak için temiz ve hava geçirmez bir konteyner kullanın. Bu, yumurtaların kokuları emmesini engeller ve taze kalmasını sağlar.
Tarihlemeyi unutmayın: Haşlanmış yumurtaları sakladığınız konteynerin üzerine tarih yazmak, ne kadar süre boyunca tüketilebileceğini belirlemenize yardımcı olur. Genellikle haşlanmış yumurtalar buzdolabında 4-7 gün arasında taze kalabilir.
Haşlanmış yumurtayı nasıl muhafaza edeceğiniz konusunda dikkatli olmanız önemlidir. Doğru koşullarda saklandığında, haşlanmış yumurtalarınız lezzetli ve besleyici kalır. Unutmayın, her zaman güvenlik ve tazelik önceliğiniz olmalıdır.
Bozulmamış haşlanmış yumurtaları nasıl anlarım?
Haşlanmış yumurtalar, pratik bir atıştırmalık veya yemeklerde kullanılan besleyici bir gıdadır. Ancak, zamanla bu yumurtalar bozulabilir ve tüketilmeden önce kontrol edilmelidir. Bozulmuş haşlanmış yumurtaların tüketilmesi mide rahatsızlıklarına neden olabilir. Neyse ki, bozulmamış haşlanmış yumurtaları nasıl anlayabileceğinizi öğrenmek kolaydır.
Öncelikle, bozulmuş bir haşlanmış yumurta kötü bir koku yayacaktır. Yumurtayı kırıp kokladığınızda, keskin ve hoş olmayan bir koku hissederseniz, bu yumurtanın bozulduğunu gösterir. Taze bir haşlanmış yumurta ise nötr veya hafif bir kokuya sahip olacaktır.
Görsel ipuçları da bozulmuş haşlanmış yumurtaları tespit etmenize yardımcı olabilir. Kabuklarında çatlaklar, lekeler veya yeşilimsi renk değişiklikleri varsa, bu yumurtalar bozulmuş olabilir. Ayrıca, kabuğun altında sümüksü bir tabaka veya sıvı bir sızıntı da bozulmuşluğun bir işaretidir.
Dokunma, bozulmamış haşlanmış yumurtaları tespit etmek için başka bir yöntemdir. Taze yumurtalar genellikle sıkı ve pürüzsüz bir kabuğa sahiptir. Ancak, bozulmuş bir yumurta hafifçe sallandığında veya bastırıldığında kabuğu esnek veya yumuşak olabilir. Ayrıca, iç kısmının yapışkan veya pütürlü bir dokusu varsa da bu bir işarettir.
Son olarak, su testiyle de bozuk yumurtaları tespit edebilirsiniz. Bir kabın içine su doldurun ve haşlanmış yumurtayı suya bırakın. Eğer yumurta dibe batarsa ve yatay durumda kalıyorsa, taze ve bozulmamışdır. Yüzerse veya suyun üstünde yükselme eğilimi gösterirse, bozulmuş bir yumurtadır.
Bozulmamış haşlanmış yumurtaları nasıl anlayacağınızı bilmek, sağlıklı ve güvenli bir beslenme için önemlidir. Koklama, gözlemleme, dokunma ve su testi gibi basit yöntemleri kullanarak, taze ve besleyici yumurtaları kolaylıkla seçebilirsiniz.
[zombify_post]Mosaicism for combined tetrasomy of chromosomes 8 and 18 in a dysmorphic child: A result of failed tetraploidy correction?
Peer reviewed, Journal article
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Background: Mosaic whole-chromosome tetrasomy has not previously been described as a cause of fetal malformations. Case presentation: In a markedly dysmorphic child with heart malformations and developmental delay, CGH analysis of newborn blood DNA suggested a 50% dose increase of chromosomes 8 and 18, despite a normal standard karyotype investigation. Subsequent FISH analysis revealed leukocytes with four chromosomes 8 and four chromosomes 18. The child's phenotype had resemblance to both mosaic trisomy 8 and mosaic trisomy 18. The double tetrasomy was caused by mitotic malsegregation of all four chromatids of both chromosome pairs. A possible origin of such an error is incomplete correction of a tetraploid state resulting from failed cytokinesis or mitotic slippage during early embryonic development. Conclusion: This unique case suggests that embryonic cells may have a mechanism for tetraploidy correction that involves mitotic pairing of homologous chromosomes.ratio decidendi(redirected from Rationes decidendi)
[Latin, The ground or reason of decision.] The legal principle upon which the decision in a specific case is founded.
The ratio decidendi is also known as the rationale for a decision.
West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
ratio decidendi‘the rule in a decision’. This is a crucial part of the understanding of the way in which the common law works. Once a system has been adopted of binding PRECEDENT, it has to be discovered what it is in the previous decision that binds the court later in time. While it is sometimes possible to peruse the opinion of the judge to find the rule, this is not by any means a reliable way of discovering the rule in the case. The soundest general method is to discover the material facts of the case, determine what the decision was and then to draw the proposition that most closely marries the material facts to the actual decision. It is difficult enough to do this with a single opinion but very much harder with multiple opinions such as come from the Court of Appeal, the Inner House and the House of Lords. Sometimes it is said to be impossible to form a ratio of general application. Anything that is said that is not part of the ratio is said to be an OBITER DICTUM.
Collins Dictionary of Law © W.J. Stewart, 2006【摘要】 为什么大气中的氧气不能过多地球上的大气是由很多种气体共同组成的混合物，含量最高的是氮气——大约占空气总量的77%；其次是氧气，占21%；其余的2%主要由痕量气体组成，包括氩气、二氧化碳、氦气、氖气、氪气、氙气、一氧化二氮和一氧化碳等。此外，空气里还含有不定含量的水蒸气。
人类离不开氧气，因为氧气维持了机体的运转。早产的婴儿通常会被放入氧气含量比较高的育婴箱，因为他们的肺还没有发育完全，呼吸功能不完善。育婴箱里的氧气含量通常是30%～40%，这比空气中21%含量要高出很多。对于出现严重呼吸障碍的婴儿，为防止脑供氧不足，有时还需要为他们戴上氧气罩，让他们呼吸100%的氧气。
但是氧气过多同样对人体有害。育婴箱里氧气含量过高会使婴儿血液中氧含量升高，而过高的血氧含量会损伤婴儿眼球里的血管，从而导致视力下降或丧失。
这说明了氧气的两面性。一方面，人类依靠氧气才能生存；另一方面，氧气也会成为危害生命和健康的毒药。
当空气中的氧气与其他元素（像氢、碳）混合在一起时，通常会发生化学反应，叫做氧化反应。在氧化反应中，通常一些构成生命的最基本的有机分子会被分解。مفاهیم نزدیکی، فاصله، همسایگی و مجاورت همه تحت عنوان مجاورت (Proximity) در جی ای اس GIS مطرح هستند. این توابع به سوالاتی که به گونه ای در آن مفاهیم فاصله مستتر باشد پاسخ می دهند. برای مثال، چقدر این مکان به گسل نزدیک است؟ کدام جاده تا رودخانه 1000 متر فاصله دارد؟ بین آن دو مکان چقدر فاصله است؟ نزدیکترین یا دورترین جا به آن مکان کدام است؟ و . . .
این توابع بر اساس نوع داده جغرافیایی در دو دسته برداری و رستری قرار می گیرند.
1- توابع مجاورت برداری (Feature-based proximity)
1-1 تابع Buffer : بافر برای تعیین فاصله یا حریم اطراف یک پدیده به کار می رود همچنین بافرها را می توان ابزاری برای تعیین محدوده تحت نفوذ یک پدیده به کار برد (شکل زیر). برای مثال برنامه ریزی سرویس رفت و برگشت دانش آموزان یک مدرسه که بر اساس بافر در فاصله های خاصی قرار گرفته اند. تمام اشکال وکتوری در لایه ها می توانند تحت تاًثیر این تابع قرار گیرند اما خروجی بافر تنها یک لایه پلیگونی است. این تابع نیز می تواند به صورت چند تایی نیز مورد استفاده قرار گیرد قسمت چپ شکل زیر دو بافر را در اطراف یک لایه نقطه ای نشان می دهد.
اجرای تابع بافر
1-2 تابع Near (نزدیکی): این تابع نزدیکترین عارضه نقطه ای یا خطی را به عارضه مورد نظر شناسایی می نماید. برای مثال می توان نزدیکترین آبراهه را تا مجموعه حیات وحش مشاهده شده یا نزدیکترین ایستگاه اتوبوس تا اقامتگاه توریستی را تعیین نمود. شکل زیر را ملاحظه کنید. نقطه ها عارضه هایی هستند که تابع نزدیکی نسبت به عارضه خطی در سمت راست تصویر بر آنها اجرا شده است. برای همه نقاط فواصل و زوایا نسبت به خط مورد نظر محاسبه شده است.
برای درک نحوه محاسبه فاصله و زاویه به شکل بعدی توجه کنید. شکل سمت چپ تابع نزدیکی نسبت به نقطه و سمت راست تابع نزدیکی نسبت به خط محاسبه شده است. لازم به ذکر است که بدلیل چنین محاسباتی تابع نزدیکی فقط برروی لایه های نقطه ای نسبت به لایه های نقطه ای دیگر یا نسبت به لایه های خطی قابل اجرا است.
منبع: کتاب “درآمدی بر سیستم های اطلاعات جغرافیایی”، انتشارات دانشگاه پیام نور上福丛林，生于1951年11月，汉族，山东济南，现时称Beijing财贸全体教职员务金融活动考虑生的，西南财经大学务金融活动学博士，央视2006大奇纳节约性格。曾任CSRC第五任主席，它亦第任何人瞄准股权分置请求的人。，股权分置变化是奇纳股市的一次在历史上重要的变化。奇纳开账户业人的监督监督佣金教区牧师主席、党委书记，中央的开账户货币政策佣金代表。
一、个人简历
1969到1973，在应得参军。
1973年至1978年，在Beijin奇纳人民开账户樱桃园分部任务。
1978到1982，现时称Beijing财贸全体教职员务金融活动专业考虑。
卒业后，分除人民开账户总开账户。，18年的任务，复职副处长、处长、副主管、主管。头12年，他次要务情节资产的任务。，复职副处长、处长、副主管、主管。
1982到1990，奇纳人民开账户总店任务，复职副处长、处长。
1990到1993，历任奇纳人民开账户情节资产司副主管、主管。
1993年，考入西南财经大学攻读博士学位，奇纳著名务金融活动家曾米凯拉·考林宣称者。
1994年，奇纳人民开账户总裁助手；
1996年4月，奇纳人民开账户副总裁。
1997年7月，奇纳货币政策佣金宁愿届代表。
2000年2月，奇纳农业开账户总裁。
2002年12月27日，接力赛周晓川任证监会主席、党委书记。
2011年10月，接班刘明康任奇纳开账户业人的监督监督佣金主席、党委书记。
奇纳共产党第十六届常务执行主席，第十七、中央的十八届中央的佣金。
二、得奖限制
2006年度中央的电视台奇纳年度节约性格排行榜。他得奖的事业，看一眼体系的罪恶早已很多年了。他又大又近，外科手术处方。股权分置变化使奇纳股市阅历了任何人新的阶段。
全球务金融活动界2012大100强性格。排在第十四位。上福丛林在入围的4个奇纳人中头等的最靠前。奇纳务金融活动接管机构负责人经过，2008，他一向对奇纳开账户的来源借款保持健康警觉。。去岁岁暮年终，他还鼎力促进务金融活动对内容节约的倒退。，为水资源保护、正派的精力、粮食生产和住房修建资产筹措。
三、次要业绩
是《奇纳证券报》、《上海证券报》、《证券时报》和静止著名证券报专栏作家，值得买的东西理念：不抄底、不逃顶，掌握潮流，在下面漂移，争取片面获奖获胜。他被问及这件事。，看一眼体系的罪恶早已很多年了。他又大又近，外科手术处方。股权分置变化使奇纳股市阅历了任何人新的阶段。2006年度中央的电视台奇纳年度节约性格排行榜。
四、热点问题
1、股指将来时的于岁暮年终推落。奇纳务金融活动将来时的安置上市，现时正预备后期预备任务。。估计奇纳股指将来时的将于岁暮年终推落。。
2、关怀大市值上市的生涯。优质大连队是稀缺资源。证监会对篮筹自有资本海内上市持正量姿态，但这拆移资源也应放在内地市面。，让奇纳值得买的东西者享用这些公司和奇纳节约的增长。但要在意市面开展的生涯。
3、仅多数公司难以时尚界。这些公司主要都有实现股权分置变化的希望的事的事。。但有些公司确凿在必然的动乱。。尽管不愿意有些公司在存在问题或动乱，除了完全变化执行，这些都是第任何人可经营的的案件。。比力然后，不可更改的，仅多数公司难以停止变化。。我希望的事这些公司正在停止吸收重组。，采用无效办法，执行自有资本变化，回归市面值得买的东西者。
4、策士公司脱离工事务公司是泄漏负责任。。在片面监督时代，无新的合资连队。、风险较大的公司，合资连队的意愿坚决的是避开必然的负责任。。广泛的监督任务已于本年octanol 辛
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ستی به دست روبه روی مرگخواران ایستادند، البته مرگخواران نیز بیکار نماندند و آنها نیز چوبدستی
های خود را بیرون کشیدند. دوباره دعوا بین دو جبهه شروع شد.
- هرچه می کشیم از دست این محفلی ها می کشیم. اگر هری پاتر فرار نکرده بود تا به حال نمایشمان به اتمام می رسید.
- تام، هری فرار نکرده...
- چرا، کرده است! همیشه همین کار را می کند.
- باز هم که دروغ گفتی تام. مثل همون شبی که تو جسد هری رو بین مردم آوردی و گفتی داشته از هاگوارتز فرار می کرده.
- خب داشت فرار می کرد! اصلا بی خیال آن شب. اگر راست می گویی که فرار نکرده پس او اکنون کجاست؟
- اصلا تو به هری چی کار داری؟
- بر طبق نام نمایش برای اجرا نمایش، به یک هری پاتر نیاز داریم.
- مگه نشنیدی که مدیر چی گفت!؟ هر کسی باید نقش خودش رو بازی کنه و از گروه دیگه کمک نخواد.
- چه کسی گفت که ما از محفلی ها کمک خواستیم!؟
ما فقط گفتیم هری را به ما بدهید.
- تو حق نداری یکی از اعضا محفل رو ببری.
- من هر کار دلم بخواهد می کنم پیرمرد!
- تام مودب باش! درضمن من پیرمرد نیستم!
- هستی! تو یک پیرمرد فرتوت و ناتوانی!
- تام فرزندم.حرفت رو پس بگیر!
- نمی گیرم پیرمرد!
- تام...- ساکت باشید!
با شنیدن این جمله تمام صدا ها خوابید. مرد سبیل کلفت که دوباره وارد سالن شده بود با عصبانیت به سمت ولدمورت و دامبلدور آمد.
- چرا شما نمی تونید آروم باشید؟ باید مثل سال اولی ها ارشد بالای سرتون باشه؟ بلد نیستین تئاتر بازی کنید؟
این حرف مرد، بد جور به ولدمورت و مرگ خواران برخورد. آنها خیلی خوب بلد بودند تئاتر بازی کنند.
- چه طور جرئت کردی به ما بگویی که نمی توانیم تئاتر بازی کنیم!؟ ما خیلی هم خوب بلدیم این کار را انجام دهیم ولی فقط مشکل کمبود هری پاتر داریم.
مرد سبیل کلفت با عصبانیت درحالی که زیر لب غر می زد به سمت جمعیت مرگ خواران رفت و دستش را داخل جمعیت فرو برد.
- الان مشکلتون رو حل می کنم!
مرد دستش را از لا به لای جمعیت بیرون آورد، دست فرد دیگری در دستش بود. مرد نگاهی به صاحب آن دست انداخت.
- آهان خودشه! همین خوبه!
- چی؟ من واسه چه کاری خوبم؟
- واسه ی ایفای نقش هری پاتر.
- چی؟ یعنی من... من... یعنی من تام جاگسن معروف، نقش اون پسره پاتر رو باید اجرا کنم؟
- بله! درکش خیلی سخته!؟
-آخه کجای من شبیه اونه؟ من از هری جذاب ترم! چرا من با این جذابیت، باید خودم رو شبیه هری، با اون زخمش بکنم؟
- واسه اینکه مجبوری!
- کی گفته مجبورم؟
- من می گم!
جینی از میان جمعیت برخاست و گفت:
- خیلی هم دلت بخواد! هری خیلی از تو خوشگل تر و شجاع تره!
تام بدون توجه به جینی آهی از ته دل کشید.
- آخه... آخه من چه گناهی کردم که باید به این بلا دچار بشم!؟
- ساکت! کسی بین شما گریم کردن بلده؟
کراب که با شنیدن این کلمه بسیار مسرور شده بود گفت:
- من! من! من بلدم!
- پس زود باش برو به کار گریم کردنت برس. این (درحالی که به تام جاگسن اشاره می کرد) رو هم ببر مثل هری پاتر کن. زودباش!
کراب فوری دست تام را گرفته و او را به پشت صحنه برد. مرد سبیل کلفت هم که مانند هرکول پوآرو گوشه سبیلش را می کشید لبخندی زد.
- به این می گن مدیریت بحران. یاد بگیرید!... دیگه منتظر چی هستید همگی بشینین سرجاهاتون! تا نمایش شروع بشه.
مرد این را گفت و از سالن خارج شد.
تاEsplorando il mondo affascinante delle tigri dai denti a sciabola
Conosciuta anche come Smilodon, la tigre dai denti a sciabola è un felino preistorico che ha lasciato un’impronta indimenticabile sulla storia naturale. Questa creatura spettacolare, esistita tra il Pleistocene inferiore fino all’Olocene, circa 2,5 milioni di anni fa, possedeva alcune delle caratteristiche più uniche e affascinanti tra i carnivori antichi.
Caratteristiche fisiche
Il nome “tigre dai denti a sciabola” deriva dal fatto che possedeva due lunghi canini superiori, lunghi fino a 28 centimetri, sagomati come una sciabola. Contrariamente a ciò che si potrebbe pensare, questi denti lunghi e affilati non venivano utilizzati per masticare, ma piuttosto per colpire e uccidere prede in un singolo, devastante morso.
Nonostante il loro aspetto minaccioso, gli studi suggeriscono che i denti delle tigri dai denti a sciabola erano in realtà fragili e soggetti a rotture se utilizzati in modo eccessivamente aggressivo o inadeguato. Come risultato, si ipotizza che la tigre dai denti a sciabola fosse un predatore molto metodico e paziente, attaccando solo quando aveva l’opportunità di colpire con precisione ed efficacia.
Habitat
Le tigri dai denti a sciabola vivevano in una varietà di ambienti, dalla savana alle dense foreste. Alcuni stadi del Pleistocene furono caratterizzati da estese aree di praterie, dove questi felini erano predominanti.
Curiosità
- Uno dei reperti più stupefacenti di una tigre dai denti a sciabola è stato scoperto nel Rancho La Brea, a Los Angeles, dove oltre 2000 scheletri di Smilodon sono stati trovati in eccellente stato di conservazione.
- A differenza delle tigri moderne, le tigri dai denti a sciabola avevano una coda corta, simile a quella del lince. Questa caratteristica potrebbe aver avuto un ruolo importante nella loro biomeccanica di caccia, fornendo loro un maggiore equilibrio durante i rapidi cambi di direzione.
- Nonostante fossero feroci carnivori, vi è evidenza di tigri dai denti a sciabola che sopravvivevano nonostante gravi lesioni e malattie, indicando che forse vivevano in gruppi e si curavano a vicenda.
Estinzione
L’estinzione delle tigri dai denti a sciabola rimane argomento di dibattito tra gli scienziati. Molte teorie attribuiscono il loro declino al cambiamento climatico, alla sparizione delle grandi prede a causa della competizione con i primi esseri umani e alla loro bassa tasso di riproduzione. Altri suggeriscono che la specializzazione eccessiva dei loro denti potrebbe aver contribuito alla loro estinzione, rendendoli incapaci di adattarsi quando le loro prede si evolsero e cambiarono.
Nonostante siano estinte, le tigri dai denti a sciabola continuano ad affascinare gli scienziati e il pubblico grazie alla loro unica combinazione di potenza, bellezza e mistero. Rappresentano un esempio affascinante di come le specie si evolvono per sopravvivere e prosperare – fino a quando non possono più farlo. Tra le creature preistoriche, le “tigri dai denti a sciabola” occupano sicuramente un posto di rilievo, un simbolo potente di un’era passata di cui ci rimane molto da apprendere.In sacred geometry, a circle is a wholistic symbol of the never-ending cycle of existence. When two circles intersect at the halfway point of each, a third shape is formed -- the vesica piscis -- an almond shape which, to pagans, represents the sacred yoni or vulva of the Divine Feminine. All of creation emerges through Her divine yoni from Her sacred womb. And all of creation returns to Her on death, to be reused in the Goddess's eternal cycle of transformation and regeneration. The vesica piscis also has Christian and Masonic interpretations.
In 1919, British architect and archaeologist Frederick Bligh Bond rendered a stylized vesica piscis symbol in wrought iron and wood to create the now famous cover for Chalice Well [see the photo in yesterday's post]. On the cover, the vesica piscis is bisected by a spear or sword. This may be interpreted generally as a symbol of the Divine Masculine (or more specifically, it might represent the spear which pierced Christ's body during the crucifixion or perhaps it is King Arthur's sword, Excalibur). The bisected vesica piscis is surrounded by foliage representing the Holy Thorn Tree of Glastonbury. Pagans interpret this beautiful well cover as honouring the sacredness of Chalice Well to the Divine Feminine.
The vesica piscis imagery of the Chalice Well cover is found throughout the Garden, including in a wrought iron gate and stone mosaic on a garden walkway, as pictured. The imagery is also the basis for the Vesica Piscis Pool, which will be the subject of my next post on Chalice Well Garden in a day or two.Fifty years ago Wednesday (Feb. 26), perhaps the most progressive president in history, Lyndon Johnson, signed into law sweeping cuts in income tax rates that had first been proposed by President John F. Kennedy, and which arguably began a process that has led to the growing issue of income inequality in America.
The Kennedy tax cuts began a dramatic change in how Americans think about the income tax, its relationship to economic growth, the obligations of the wealthiest in our society, and how serious a problem we consider the national debt.
Important not only because of its effect at the time, seventeen years later, Kennedy’s tax program was used by President Ronald Reagan to justify his own additional substantial cuts in income tax rates, which further accelerated the gap between rich and poor.
While the results of their tax programs were similar in many ways, Kennedy and Reagan had different reasons for proposing tax rate reductions—and none were necessarily about relieving the wealthy of a large share of their tax burden, though that was a significant practical effect.
When Kennedy took office in January 1961, the highest marginal federal income tax rate was an astonishing 91 percent, a holdover from the high rates first imposed under Herbert Hoover to counter the Great Depression, and even higher rates later, peaking at 94 percent for the highest income earners, to fund World War II.
Despite the high tax rates sustained during the Eisenhower administration, the U.S. economy had grown at a solid average rate of 2 to 3 percent per year and there were few serious discussions about reducing the federal tax burden.
But there was considerable concern that the American economy was underperforming, particularly vis-à-vis the Soviet Union, whose economy was (erroneously) believed to be growing at an astronomical rate of 6 to 10 percent per year.
Viewing almost every issue as he did through the prism of the Cold War, Kennedy asked his economic advisers how the United States could achieve at least an annual 5 percent growth rate to keep pace with the Soviets. The answer from his chief economic adviser, the liberal University of Minnesota economist Walter Heller, was tax cuts—for at that time liberals were arguing for tax cuts while conservatives were opposed, worrying that a tax cut would lead to deficit spending that would trigger inflation.
Kennedy initially sided with the conservatives, for he, too, feared inflation more than unemployment, part of an overall world view that led historian Allen J. Matusow to label Kennedy the “quintessential corporate liberal.”
But Kennedy was eventually persuaded by Heller and others that tax cuts would spur economic growth. Retrospectively, Heller insisted that Kennedy hoped that the ensuing prosperity would free Congress to spend more on social programs aimed at reducing poverty.
Heller acknowledged that Kennedy’s proposal was based, at least partly, on the theory of “supply-side economics,” which argues that in the right circumstances the loss of revenue from tax cuts can be fully or at least partially offset by higher tax revenues from increased economic activity spurred by the tax cut.
Heller argued that the key difference between the Kennedy tax cuts and the Reagan tax cuts was intent; Kennedy, at least according to Heller, wanted to cut taxes to stimulate the economy so he could increase federal spending, while Reagan would have been sorely disappointed had his tax cuts actually generated more federal tax revenue.
Despite Reagan’s apparent embrace of supply-side economics, as Reagan aide Bruce Bartlett has noted, neither Reagan nor any of his close advisers argued that his tax cut would “pay for itself.” Nor did any of them view the promotion of economic growth as the prime consideration behind a tax cut.
Rather, Reagan was candid in hoping a tax cut would lead to a reduction in the size of the federal government. Author Jeff Madrick said Reagan subscribed to conservative economist Milton Friedman’s belief that the only way to reduce federal spending was “to starve the beast.”
Appeals to fiscal discipline had failed to convince the nation to reduce or at least stall the growth in federal spending. Reagan said it was time for a new approach. In a nationally televised speech, Reagan explained, “Well, you know, we can lecture our children about extravagance until we run out of voice and breath. Or we can cure their extravagance by simply reducing the allowance.”
Where Kennedy’s legislation lowered the top marginal rate from 91 to 70 percent and the lowest marginal rate from 20 to 14 percent, Reagan in 1981 proposed reducing the top marginal rate from 70 to 50 percent and the lowest rate from 14 to 12 percent.
Both tax cuts were followed by periods of substantial economic growth. In the two years after Kennedy’s tax cuts took effect, the U.S. economy grew by 17 percent, which prompted federal spending to increase by 13.5 percent. U.S. News & World Report gushed that the tax cuts had “achieved something like magic,” and LBJ was led to believe he could do both “guns and butter,” funding the Vietnam War and the Great Society.
In the first year after Reagan’s tax cuts took effect, economic growth actually declined by nearly two percent, but in each year of Reagan’s second term the economy grew by an average of roughly four percent per year. Reagan and his fellow conservatives credited this growth to the tax rate reductions—just as had those who supported the Kennedy tax cuts.
The degree to which the ensuing economic growth could be credited to either of the tax cuts is still hotly debated among economists. The 1960s and 1980s were also periods of technological advances and increased government spending, especially on defense. Reagan also benefited from monetary policies, which he supported, that greatly reduced the inflation that had burdened the economy in the late 1970s and early 1980s. These were all critical factors, too, but the perception that tax reductions almost automatically trigger economic growth became embedded in the public consciousness.
If Heller accurately portrayed Kennedy’s rationale for the tax cuts, then it did indeed lead to increase domestic spending. But if Reagan’s goal in cutting taxes was reduced federal spending, he failed. Not a single major federal agency or program was eliminated during his administration.
Because domestic spending was not abated, because defense spending increased, and because the tax cuts did not pay for themselves, deficit spending worsened, as Kennedy, conservatives, and others had worried they would. Reagan had said a balanced budget was his goal, but he was unwilling to sacrifice spending on defense to achieve it.
In 1961, Kennedy’s first year in office, the federal deficit was just more than $3 billion; by 1968, LBJ’s last year and three years after Kennedy’s tax cuts took full effect, the federal deficit was $25 billion. Of course, these numbers were dwarfed during the Reagan era. In 1981, Reagan’s first year in office, the government ran a $78 billion deficit but by 1983 the annual deficit topped $200 billion and stayed near or above that amount throughout Reagan’s presidency.
Yet, because public opinion credited the tax cuts with economic growth (and because everybody personally enjoys paying fewer taxes), the public outcry was muted.
Increased American comfort with deficit spending led former Vice President Dick Cheney to proclaim that Reagan had proved, with Kennedy and LBJ’s prior example, that “deficits don’t matter,” at least politically. Heller had bragged that the great achievement of Kennedy’s tax cuts was that he had “banished’ the idea that public debt was “burden on our grandchildren.”
Worry over debt, of course, has not been banished in many quarters, but it does appear that the Kennedy and Reagan tax cuts combined have had the very significant result of creating a new sense of what is an appropriate or fair tax rate, especially for the wealthy.
This was highlighted during the bitter debate two years ago when, at President Barack Obama’s behest, the top marginal rate for those individuals earning more than $400,000 per year was raised from 35 to 39.6 percent. This rather small 4.6 percent gap was conflated by antagonists on both sides as the difference between creeping socialism and unfettered capitalist greed.
Forgotten was that Republican President Herbert Hoover approved a top income tax rate of 63 percent on those making more than $1 million per year to help the government deal with the Great Depression, and that the Republican President Dwight Eisenhower made no serious effort to lower that top 91 percent marginal tax rate that had existed throughout the 1950s.
Such rates today would be automatically dismissed as confiscatory, while conservatives, now lacking the caution of their forbearers, appear to argue that tax cuts are always good for the economy.
They always seem to be good for the wealthy. By the end of Reagan’s two terms, taxes on the middle fifth of income earners had been cut by 0.7 percent and many low wage earners had actually seen their taxes increase because of a Reagan-sponsored increase in the payroll tax to fund Social Security. The top 10 percent of income earners, meanwhile, had had their taxes cut 3.3 percent, while taxes fell 8.1 percent for the notorious top one percent.
Kennedy had also been warned that his tax cuts would benefit the rich at the expense of the poor and middle class. Liberal economist Leon Keyserling complained at the time that 45 percent of the Kennedy/LBJ tax cuts went to the wealthiest 12 percent of Americans. Keys
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报》征引《国际体育报》报导称，假如库尔图瓦在本周四英超转会截止日前归队，那么切尔西将直接砸出1亿欧元撬来奥布拉克。The Differences between Universität and Fachhochschule (FH)
The dilemma of choosing between the University / Technical University and the University of Applied Science to study in Germany has bothered many. Coming from a different educational background, it would take some learning to understand the differences between Universität and Fachhochschule (FH). We thought we would shed some light on the types of universities in Germany:
Getting similarities out of the way
University (Universität) including Technical Universities a.k.a TU and Universities of Applied sciences (Fachhochschule a.k.a FH) have a lot in common: both have bachelor’s and master’s programs. At both students sit in lectures and seminars, write exams and chores, get credit points and grades. At both, you do an academic degree. Universities as well as FHs are supposed to teach their students scientific thinking and are obliged to train them with “employment-qualifying” degree.
So what is the difference?
As a rule of thumb, the study at the university is “theoretical” and “research-oriented”.
Fachhochschule is “practical” and “hands on”.
Although, strictly speaking, that’s not true. After all, there are also some practical projects at Universities, and students also learn theoretical basics at Fachhochschule.
At the university, one meets professors with a scientific career. After their doctoral thesis, they continued their research, attended conferences, published essays in specialist journals and spent a lot of time in a large scientific work – the habilitation.
Professors at Fachhochschule also have a doctoral degree, but they have also worked outside of college – at least three years are required. Before they came to the Fachhochschule, they were, for example, managers in large corporations such as Airbus or Siemens or a medium-sized company. Or they have worked in the administration, in an association or in a hospital – often in a leadership position.
Doctorate degrees are usually offered only by Universities. Universities offer a wider range of subjects (Although, Technical Universities focus more on STEM fields)
Almost all universities of applied sciences have a compulsory practical semester to study, which is completed in one company. It counts as study achievement. Studies at an FH are more heavily regulated and “Schooled”. This is something useful for types of learners who would rather not lose themselves in the lecture lists of the university and therefore prefer given schedules.
But those who prefer to set their own priorities and also want to listen to other subjects would be in better hands at the university.
But with time, the differences between the two are reducing. Universities now offer some practical / industry oriented courses. Some FHs, also have been (or will be) legally allowed to offered doctorate degrees. Some FHs are also teaching subjects that were in the past only taught by Universities.
More on Universität vs FH by Vikrant and Jana
SEE ALSO: How to apply at a university in Germany?
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Leave a CommentZika as a Cancer Treatment?
I stumbled across one story this week regarding the Zika virus and brain cancer research that caught my eye, though the research is far from conclusive. Before I really discuss the article and the study it describes, I wanted to give some context behind Zika and its current state.
Zika is a virus that in a healthy, non-pregnant person causes only mild symptoms. It is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes in the Aedes genus, frequently by the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, but it is also known to be transmitted sexually. Many who are infected don’t realize they’ve come down with the virus, and very few deaths are caused by it. There are two complications of the disease, however, that make it more than concerning – it can trigger Guillain–Barré syndrome (which causes your immune system to attack your nerves) in adults, and microcephaly (a smaller than average head) and other brain defects in children born to infected mothers. Much of the work around Zika includes preventing the infection of pregnant women, and there are already vaccines being tested for them.
I want to be clear – Zika virus is not yet a massive threat in the United States. It is much more prevalent in South America, Central America, Africa, and other regions closer to the equator. The nation-wide panic and sensationalism that filled the news in 2016 when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a global medical emergency has more or less subsided. Though we don’t know what the future holds, the CDC is taking measures to prevent its spread around the world and in the US, such as education, travel warnings, further study, and comprehensive tracking, among other things.
Now, what does Zika have to do with brain cancer? Though it is largely a negative force in the world, researchers at the University of Campinas’s School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in São Paulo State, Brazil are trying to use it for good.
Glioblastoma, which is the most common and aggressive type of adult brain tumor, is very resistant to chemotherapy. That means that alternate forms of treatment for it are very sought after.
One newer, promising candidate for cancer treatment is the use of what are known as oncolytic viruses. These are viruses that have been genetically engineered and altered to destroy tumors. This technique is already showing promise in treating melanoma, bone cancer, and more.
Now, these scientists at the University of Campinas’s School of Pharmaceutical Sciences are finding some success using Zika to kill off glioblastoma tumors. They have found that by infecting tumor cells with Zika, the tumor cell is induced into producing a molecule known as digoxin, which has previously shown promise in killing breast and skin cancer tumors. After observing these infected tumor cells using mass spectrometry, the researchers found signs of cell death caused by the induced digoxin. They hope in the future to genetically engineer a form of Zika that will only synthesize digoxin instead of infecting the patient with Zika.
The fact that humans are able to take a dangerous and possibly debilitating disease such as Zika and try to use it as a potential cure for cancer speaks volumes towards human ingenuity and our ability to make the best out of a bad situation. I realize that, like many cutting-edge medical advances that you see in the news, this treatment option likely has years of testing to go through before it is even considered for use in a clinical setting. It has a decent chance of never making it out of the lab. But, still, we are trying incredibly innovative (counter-intuitive, even) solutions to some of our most frightening problems.
—Courtesy of GSC Go Science Crazy and Jacob MonashWhat are the threats to the life of the Philippine Eagle?
They are threatened primarily by deforestation through logging and expanding agriculture. Old-growth forest is being lost at a high rate, and most of the forest in the lowlands is owned by logging companies. Mining, pollution, exposure to pesticides that affect breeding, and poaching are also major threats.
What is the problem of the Philippine Eagle?
Philippine Eagles are critically endangered. It’s difficult to accurately determine population size, but most estimates suggest there are 200-800 birds left in the wild. Habitat loss and human persecution rank as the top threats to their survival.
Why is the eagle endangered?
Habitat destruction and degradation, illegal shooting, and the contamination of its food source, due to use of the pesticide DDT, decimated the eagle population. Bald eagles no longer need Endangered Species Act protection because their population is protected, healthy, and growing.
What can we do to protect Philippine Eagle?
To protect the eagles, we must protect the monkeys and civets and other animals they need for food, the plants and animals that monkeys and civets feed on, and the trees that Philippine Eagles nest in, which helps protect the other animals that use these trees for food, shelter, and space.
Why did the Philippine eagle become critically endangered?
According to Salvador, the reason for this was due to massive deforestation. “Deforestation is terrible,” he pointed out. “The Philippine eagle has become a critically endangered species because the loss of the forest had made it lose its natural habitat.”
Are there any Eagles left in the Philippines?
Moreover, the majority of Philippine eagles are confined to just Mindanao, with just six breeding pairs know to exist on Samar, two on Leyte and a few on Luzon. In total it is believed that fewer than 200 Philippine eagles currently exist in the wild. Like birds of prey the world over, one of the chief threats to the Philippine eagle is hunting.
What’s the penalty for killing a Philippine eagle?
Killing a Philippine eagle is punishable under Philippine law by up to 12 years in prison and heavy fines. The first European to study the species was the English explorer and naturalist John Whitehead in 1896, who observed the bird and whose servant, Juan, collected the first specimen a few weeks later.
What kind of bird is the Philippine eagle?
The Philippine Eagle is a brown and white plumed eagle native to rain forest in the Philipines. Though regarded as the Philipines’ national bird it is also one of the world’s most critically endangered and the killing of a Philippine eagle is currently punishable by 12 years jail time.
Is the Philippine eagle in danger of extinction?
Critically endangered Philippine eagle hangs on despite horde of threats. Once inhabiting every island in the Philippines, the Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) – the world’s longest eagle – now occupies a fraction of its former range and is listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.
Are there laws to protect the Philippine eagle?
Several laws provide the legal basis to protect the Philippine eagle against all threats—particularly illegal wildlife trade, hunting or the destruction of their habitats.
How are the Philippine eagles in the wild?
Outside of its breeding facility, the foundation also works hand-in-hand with 37 communities in the region in protecting Philippine eagles that live out in the wild. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature has listed the Philippine eagle as critically endangered, with only around 400 pairs remaining in the wild.
Where are the captive breeding eagles in the Philippines?
Located in the foothills of Mount Apo, the tallest peak in the country, the eagle center was once home to 32 of the birds, with 28 bred in captivity through natural mating or cooperative artificial insemination. Thirteen eagles were released in the forests of Mindanao and 17 remained in the center’s breeding program.کیمیا پرس: وال استریت ژورنال طی گزارشی نوشت: با وجود امضای قرارداد توتال با ایران برنامه بلندپروازانه این کشور برای صنعت نفت و گاز خود با رویکرد احتیاطی شرکت های بزرگ فعال در زمینه انرژی مواجه شده است.
به گزارش کیمیا پرس به نقل از وال استریت ژورنال، برنامه بلندپروازانه ایران برای صنعت نفت و گاز خود با رویکرد احتیاطی شرکت های بزرگ فعال در زمینه انرژی مواجه شده است.
در طول برگزاری کنفرانس نفتی استانبول، مقامات ایرانی شرکت کننده گفتند، تعهد شرکت فرانسوی توتال به سرمایه گذاری یک میلیارد دلاری در صنعت گاز این کشور فصل جدیدی در توسعه صنعت انرژی ایران از زمان لغو تحریم ها گشوده است. مقامات ایرانی وعده داده اند 10 قرارداد مشابه قرارداد توتال در سال آینده به امضا برسد. آنها همچنین اعلام کرده اند که به دنبال جذب 92 میلیارد دلار سرمایه گذاری خارجی برای افزایش تولید نفت ایران به میزان یک سوم و 15 برابر کردن صادرات گاز کشور تا سال 2021 هستند.
امیرحسین زمانی نیا، معاون وزیر نفت ایران به خبرنگاران گفت: «دست های ما پر است.» وی افزود، 25 قرارداد در حال مذاکره با شرکت های خارجی است. «ما فکر می کنیم اکنون وضعیت به اندازه کافی برای حضور شرکت های بین المللی در ایران عادی است.»
اما حتی به رغم وجود ذخایر بزرگ نفت و گاز در ایران، دیگر شرکت های بزرگ نفتی جهان همچون توتال مشتاق ورود به بخش انرژی این کشور نیستند.
شرکت های غربی همچنان نگران گرفتار شدن د ر تحریم های پابرجای دولت آمریکا هستند که به بهانه های تسلیحاتی، حقوق بشری و تروریزم علیه ایران وضع شده اند. به طور کلی، روند افت قیمت نفت در طی 3 سال گذشته موجب شده تا شرکت ها برای سرمایه گذاری های جدید احتیاط بیشتری پیشه کنند.
باب دادلی، مدیر شرکت بی پی در حاشیه کنفرانس استانبول به خبرنگاران گفت، من فعلا به جاهایی غیر از ایران نگاه می کنم، زیرا شرکت بی پی قبلا برای سال جاری متعهد به انجام 15 میلیون دلار سرمایه گذاری در سایر نقاط جهان شده است.
دادلی افزود: «ما یک بشقاب پر داریم... ما باید سقف میزان سرمایه گذاری مان را رعایت کنیم.»
شرکت های آمریکایی نظیر اکسون موبیل و شورون هم از فعالیت در ایران منع شده اند اما شرکت های اروپای ای نظیر بی پی امکان حضور در بخش انرژی ایران را دارند. عامل مهمی که مانع از ورود سرمایه گذاران به ایران می شود، انتقاد دونالد ترامپ، رئیس جمهور آمریکا از توافق هسته ای و تهدید وی برای خروج از برجام یا اعمال تحریم های بیشتر علیه ایران است.
زمانی نیا گفت: «تصمیم بی پی برای محتاط بودن در مورد ایران یکی از اثرات» فشار آمریکا برای کار نکردن با ایران است.
سخنگوی شرکت بی پی از اظهارنظر در این زمینه خودداری کرد.
زمانی نیا افزود تلاش کرد از کنفرانس نفتی استانبول به عنوان فرصتی برای جذب شرکای بیشتر به صنعت انرژی ایران استفاده کند. وی در یکی از پانل های این کنفرانس که در آن دادلی و همچنین بری ورتینگتون، مدیر اجرایی اتحادیه انرژی آمریکا حضور داشتند، به مزاح با آنها پرداخت.
در حالی که دادلی و زمانی نیا قبل از این نشست با هم دیدار کرده بودند، دادلی گفت که طرفین تنها در مورد موضوعات مربوط به ایران بحث کرده اند، و هیچ بحثی در خصوص همکاری تجاری نبوده است. دادلی یک شهروند امریکایی محسوب می شود و بر اساس تحریم های آمریکا حق مذاکره با ایران در مورد قراردادهای نفتی را ندارد.
دادلی قرارداد توتال با ایران را یک «نشانه خیلی خوب برای صنعت (انرژی)» خواند اما اشاره بیشتری به این موضوع نکرد.
پاتریک پویان، مدیر شرکت توتال گفت، این شرکت و شرکایش آماده کردن مقدمات برای برگزاری مناقصه های جذب پیمانگاران به پروژه فاز 11 پارس جنوبی را آغاز کرده اند.
همچنین یک منبع آگاه گفت، شرکت رویال داچ شل که سال گذشته یک موافقتنامه اولیه برای بررسی فرصت های میادین نفت و گاز ایران امضا کرده، نگران تحریم های آمریکاست و گزینشی تر از شرکت توتال در زمینه انتخاب بانک های طرف همکاری اش عمل می کند.
یک سخنگوی شرکت رویال داچ شل گفت: «شل علاقمند به بررسی نقشی است که می تواند در توسعه پتانسیل های انرژی ایران ایفا کند. مادر حال تعامل با مقامات ایرانی هستیم اما همچنان خیلی زود است بخواهیم در مورد سرمایه گذاری احتمالی شل در پروژه ای ایرانی صحبت کنیم.»
لاسزلو وارو، اقتصاددان ارشد آژانس بین المللی انرژی گفت، ریسک های ژئوپلتیک ایران، قراردادهای پیچیده و ریسک تحریم ها، سرمایه گذارانی که می توانند به دلیگر مناطق در حال رشد نظیر برزیل هم بروند را می ترساند.L’obiettivo dello studio di Sommersguter e dei suoi colleghi, pubblicato su Applied Health Economics and Health Policy è quello di fornire una descrizione dettagliata delle categorie di Thompson e delle analisi e tipologie proposte dall’EHFCN e da un recente studio della Commissione Europea, e di esplicitare le relazioni tra tali tipologie, fornendo uno strumento analitico integrato che permetta di identificare meglio le forme reali della corruzione nei sistemi sanitari.Rebellion, Riot, and Mutiny: Compelling Criminal Trials in Afro-Americana Imprints
Statement of the proceedings of the directors of the London Missionary Society, in the case of Rev. John Smith, missionary, Demerara. Extracted from the Missionary chronicle for March 1824 (1824)
The Reverend John Smith was court-martialed, having been accused of inflaming the slaves and withholding knowledge of the planned rebellion from the authorities. He was found guilty and sentenced to death. He died in prison before a reprieve from the king reached Demerara. He was 33 years old. His death became a rallying cry for the abolitionist movement in Britain.
This statement from the directors is entirely supportive of John Smith and makes references to the many enemies of the London Missionary Society. The directors reaffirm instructions to their missionaries that they “are not sent to relieve them [slaves] from their servile condition, but to afford them the consolation of religion and to force upon them the necessity of being ‘subject not only for wrath but for conscience sake.’”
By Richard Peters, reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States
Edward Prigg was a slave-catcher who had been hired by a Maryland family to capture and return Margaret Morgan who had moved to Pennsylvania. Morgan had lived somewhat freely in Maryland but had not been legally emancipated. The heirs of her owner made the decision to return her to an enslaved status.
Prigg and three other men were arrested and arraigned under an 1826 Pennsylvania law that forbid the capture and return of fugitive slaves. They were found guilty by a lower state court and that verdict was upheld on appeal to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. Prigg appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court which subsequently agreed with him and overturned the conviction. They found that both Article IV of the U.S. Constitution and the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 entitled slave owners to capture fugitive slaves in any state and that local and state officials were forbidden to take any role in support of the fugitive. Because the decision also prohibited any state or local official from assisting in the capture of a slave, the effect was to undermine the act of 1793 which led to the enactment of the Compromise of 1850 which included an even harsher law for fugitive slaves.
A brief sketch of the trial of William Lloyd Garrison, for an alleged libel on Francis Todd, of Massachusettts [sic] (1830)
Garrison concludes this account by swearing to continue to call out all who participate in the slave trade, however exalted they may be. He expresses his own shame “that I have done so little for people of color” and supposes that “a few white
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that use solar power and other renewable energy sources to treat waste on-site and toilets that convert waste into useful products like energy, fertilizer, and clean water. There is also a project to try and remove "toilet stink" by analyzing human waste smells at a molecular level to try and alter anything unpleasant.
The movie also touches on how a major shift in treating human waste is needed as soon as possible. Sewage is mainly treated in centralized facilities that are costly to build and maintain. They often have a negative impact on the environment, including water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Developing affordable, sustainable methods for managing human waste can significantly reduce these impacts and improve people's overall quality of life worldwide.
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使用说明：你看见在边境发生什么事了吗那些帮派分子
软件介绍：每周只能洗一次澡
但也有批评者对他面对国内民族主义和宗教分裂时的沉默表示谴责但不论褒贬.
美国迫使缅甸领导人对西方开放经济
奇妙的是
汉尼拔...
分手费...
主要功能：可能加速为日本和韩国建立导弹防御系统
软件名称：平壤的百货商场里有爱马仕...
主要是为了维护考试的公平美国大学考试中心指出
并增加外交部懂俄语人的数量与此同时
司机似乎喝醉了警方则称
并呼吁朝鲜大使馆协助两人调查
比如氧气和甲烷等
中国限韩令升级
;其真实身份一两天后就会得到确认”“
将保护已经在英国生活的欧盟公民的合法权利英国政府计划在3月底之前触发《里斯本条约》第50条Come può un
Drawable caricato da una risorsa verrà ruotata quando è disegnata? Per esempio, vorrei disegnare una freccia e di essere in grado di ruotare a faccia in direzioni diverse quando viene disegnato?
- possibile duplicato di Come posso disegnare una Freccia che indica la direzione di guida in MapView?
- La questione è molto diversa, ma penso che la risposta potrebbe essere correlato.Every academic field has a history valuable to understanding how a field developed (Ames,
2015). History can offer important insight into times, places, and people that have long been
considered less relevant to the present or future. Through re-examination of written histories
using new philosophical lenses or analytical approaches, researchers and practitioners are able to prevent stagnancy in historical research and uncover new perspectives or moments in history, specifically Instructional Design and Technology (IDT) history. This critical historiography of IDT’s written histories examines how various approaches to writing IDT history produce certain interpretations and understandings of IDT’s past. Historiography is the critical analysis of the written history of the history of a field or topic of study, such as IDT (Becker, 1938; Breisach, 2007; Cheng, 2012; Spalding & Parker, 2007). Historiography is useful in understanding how history has been written and how the act of writing and interpreting history impacts the understanding of history, the present, and the future (Cheng, 2012). This article introduces two major historical and philosophical paradigms evident in IDT history and explores associated research methods. The article then explores how historical record is thought about, shaped, and written to shed light on areas of IDT history previously unexplored and offer suggestions for future research and practice. A greater awareness of varied historical approaches and perspectives in academic inquiry can offer new ways to bolster or broaden research agendas and practitioner work in IDT.
Everything and everyone has a history – a place from which it or they originated that conveys understanding (Breisach, 2007). Every academic field has a history valuable to understanding how a field developed (Ames, 2015). A field’s written history bridges its past to its present by offering valuable insights about times, places, and people long considered forgotten or less relevant to the present or future. Annalist historian Fernand Braudel (1980) stated about writing history, “everything must be recaptured and relocated in the general framework of history, so that despite the difficulties, the fundamental paradoxes and contradictions, we may respect the unity of history which is also the unity of life" (p. 18).
One strategy used to “recapture” and “relocate” a field’s history to create more unity within that field and “life” comes from using historiography. Historiography is the study of the history of history and achieved by examining the approaches historians have used to record specific histories throughout time. As such, historical research – the methods and philosophies – has much to offer in understanding instructional design and technology (IDT) history. A review of written histories of the field of IDT suggests an opportunity to expand the historical knowledge base to impact research and practice. IDT has a rich history documented by various authors which has served the field well over time (Cuban, 1986; Iverson, 1953; Lembo, 1970; Molenda, 2008; Reiser, 2001a, 2001b; Saettler, 1953, 1967, 1990, 2004). However, shifting historical approaches to IDT history deepens the understanding of IDT’s past, and prepares IDT researchers to fully represent the field in the future ensuring a wealth of uncovered knowledge and research or practice opportunities are not left behind.
This article aims to demonstrate how views about history and approaches to documenting history may cultivate and constrain understanding of IDT’s past. It is hoped that such an understanding can advance IDT’s historical research agenda towards informing a more holistic and inclusive practitioner agenda in the future. This article defines historiography and traces how philosophical approaches to history have been applied in the representation of IDT history. Using historiography, this article outlines historical perspectives existent in IDT history and introduces new perspectives or approaches to researching and writing IDT history. By re-assessing how historical record is thought about, shaped, and written, the next generation of IDT scholars can shed light on areas of IDT history previously unexplored. Greater awareness of the historical approaches and perspectives in IDT’s academic inquiry can offer new ways to bolster or broaden agendas in IDT research and practice and hold potential for more inclusive representation in telling the stories of the field’s past, present, and future.
Historiography is the critical analysis of the written history of the history of a field or topic of study, such as IDT (Becker, 1938; Breisach, 2007; Cheng, 2012; Spalding & Parker, 2007). Historiography is defined as:
A historical technique in which the researcher examines how the history of a topic has been written, including the author’s ideologies and arguments, the scope and foci of the person’s work, the treatment of sources (or lack thereof), and the historical context of the work being reviewed (Gasman, 2011, p. 402).
Historiographies help to paint a fuller picture of interpretations of the past to direct future research and practice. Historiographical analysis allows for re-examination and re-interpretation of written histories using new philosophical lenses or analytical approaches. Consequently, new and seasoned researchers are able to prevent stagnancy in historical research and uncover new perspectives or moments in history, specifically Instructional Design and Technology (IDT) history.
If historiography is the history of history, then, what is history? Professional historians have argued about this question for centuries with little consensus as to the answer (Breisach, 2007; Cheng, 2012; Spalding & Parker, 2007). Historiography should not be used synonymously with “history.” Historiography considers how all writers of history and historical record possess their own perceptions of the past. From Roman and Greek historians of antiquity, to Voltaire, Hume, and Gibbon of the Enlightenment era, to Hegel, Marx, and Bancroft’s histories of modernization, these historians all had preconceived understandings of what history is and its subsequent purpose for posterity (Arnold, 2000; Bancroft, 2002; Breisach, 2007; Cheng, 2012; Spalding & Parker, 2007; Stern, 1956). Likewise, writers of IDT history have set notions of what history is in relation to IDT as a realm of practice in the past and, consequently, the present. Therefore, historiography is a useful tool for understanding how history has been written and how the act of writing and interpreting history impacts the understanding of history as it has been written over time. Historiography shifts the focus away from specific historical events – what many people conceive as the study of history (Becker, 1938). Spalding and Parker (2007) explain history is the past and historiography is the study of descriptions of the past or how the past is described. Historiographers caution that the simplicity of viewing the definition of history as only the past denies the inclusion of an expansive understanding of how history is shaped by those that author it, their assumptions, and their biases (Cheng, 2012; Spalding & Parker, 2007). Written histories are inherently embedded with the biases of their authorship meaning there is no particular way to truly know the past as it was – only as it is detailed through the lens of another (Cheng, 2012; Gaddis, 2002). Historiography acknowledges the subjectivity of written histories and allows for a critical lens aimed at author’s perspective, author’s agenda, “accuracy” of interpretation, source selection, and historical assumptions to determine patterns, new understandings, and limitations in a body of historical work (Becker, 1938; Breisach, 2007; Cheng, 2012; Gasman, 2011; Spalding & Parker, 2007).
Early Philosophical Views of History
How has the history of IDT evolved to be represented as a field? For pragmatic purposes, historians generally agree history is a complicated puzzle skillfully pieced together through research of primary and secondary sources – i.e., the historical method (Arnold, 2000). Marc Bloch (1992), Annalist historian, stated “the historian is, by definition, absolutely incapable of observing the facts which he examines” (p. 40). Because a historian cannot observe the past, Januszewski (1996, 1997), an IDT scholar, explains resources are analyzed, interpreted, and inferences are concluded based on the historian’s epistemological, philosophical, and theoretical views about history, and IDT more specifically, as a field of study and practice. Unfortunately, historians are often left without enough recorded evidence to determine the “truth” about what occurred, or as German idealist Leopold von Ranke stated, “Wie es eigentlich gewesen ist (the way it really was)” (Cheng, 2012, p. 74). Historians must ask questions such as what happened? or, did not happen? and, why? what was it like then? and what was the cause or the impact? Because historians cannot observe historical facts directly, historians are forced to, instead, answer these questions with evidence-based guesswork from primary and secondary sources (Cheng, 2012; Gasman, 2011).
Historical guesswork is heavily influenced by the researcher’s understanding of what history is and the events and people being studied, and historians are rarely able to validate their interpretations because no historian truly knows the past. Entire tomes of philosophical research and writing have been dedicated to supposition regarding the definition and philosophy of history, and the subsequent histories written from these perspectives. A thorough discussion of these perspectives is outside the scope of this article (Januszewski 1996, 1997; See Stanford Online Encyclopedia of Philosophy, E. H Carr’s 1961, What is History? or R. J. Evans’ 2000, In Defense of History). Instead, primarily as an introduction to historical thinking, this article explores two broad philosophical realms influencing IDT history and how IDT history is described – historicism and postmodernism.
These two realms are not diametrically opposed, but have various perspectives, methods, and approaches that often overlap depending on the author and historical context in which they are writing (Cheng, 2012). Historicism envelops rich traditions such as positivistic history, Hegel’s dialectics, historical relativism, Marx’s historical materialism and more, while postmodernism encompasses such approaches as social scientific, feminist history, and social history, to name a few. Both perspectives allow researchers to make valuable contributions to the field through rigorous historical primary and secondary source research. However, by separating historical philosophy in this manner, it is easier to demonstrate the broader implications of how histories in IDT, specifically, are predicated on these views and major underlying assumptions.
Early Rankean Historicism
Rankean historicism calls for critical analysis and scrutiny of historical records to uncover accuracy and authenticity through rigorous primary source investigation (Arnold, 2000). Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886) coined the term historicism to describe the study of the past as it was and urged historians to steer away from overarching explanations of causal analysis, tempting interpretation where not required (Cheng, 2012; Stern, 1956). Historicism was a disciplined response to historical narrative, romanticism, embellishment, and storytelling in historical records – an attempt to dispel philosophical influences and personal belief. Principles of historicism maintain an observable truth of the historical past (Arnold, 2000). Each historical period or moment is unique and significant and should not necessarily be considered a precursor to present or future events (Cheng, 2012). Ranke’s historicism became the underlying assumption of the historical profession – that everything in history is a product of historical forces shaped and conditioned by historical context (Cheng, 2012). Historicism relies on principles such as Comte’s scientific idea of observable frequencies – if enough observable examples or facts could be discovered, then laws or patterns could be deduced about the past as it really occurred at a particular moment (Arnold, 2000; Cheng, 2012). Consequently, historicist methods are traditionally taught to all school-aged learners and novice historians as the foundation for historical inquiry, and these methods are reflected in valuable histories in IDT.
Both McClusky (1981) and Lembo (1970) examine the historical development of the Department of Audio-Visual Instruction (DAVI) via primary source analysis. Lembo’s (1970) DAVI sanctioned dissertation on the history of the growth and development of DAVI is the result of an extensive interrogation of primary documents from 1923 to 1968 using the historical method. Iverson’s (1953) dissertation on the history of audiovisual instruction uses in-depth archival evidence to construct a historical narrative of the audiovisual movement. In Teachers and Machines, Cuban (1986) accessed primary sources on technology use in the classroom throughout the early 20th century. Cuban (1986) inspected various public-school reports and records to determine technology use in classrooms from the 1920s onwards to examine the progress of technology’s promise to enhance the classroom environment. Saettler’s (1953, 1967, 1990, 2004) comprehensive histories of the field are indicative of a Rankean approach to historicism, based on descriptive use of primary and secondary source analyses. All of these works focus on the collection of facts observable in historical records to determine patterns or natural laws existent in IDT’s past.
Modern Historicism, Progress, & Historical Timelines
Early Rankean historicist methods developed and focused on rigorous procedures known as the historical method to explain observation of historical facts. However, historians recognized the inherent difficulty in maintaining purist stances of objectivity in historical writing under the auspices of observable facts because widespread interpretation was consistently required to explain how or why events occurred. Historians considered objectivity especially challenging while personally living during periods of political and socioeconomic change or influence (Arnold, 2000; Cheng, 2012). Over time, conflicted historians agreed the science of history was determined by objectivity of facts such as dates, places, and names, but some subjectivity supported reconstructing cause, motive, and explanation (Cheng, 2012). The meaning and procedures of historicism shifted and weakened constraints on Ranke’s original intentions for historical analysis resulting in new patterns, causes, and overarching explanations of history (Cheng, 2012; Breisach, 2007; Spalding & Parker, 2007). Historians started to use causal analysis to explain ideas of progress as central to history’s movement (Bancroft, 2002; Cheng, 2012; Stern, 1956; See Fisher’s 1970 explanation of the fallacies of causation and generalization in Historians’ Fallacies: Toward a Logic of Historical Thought). Enlightenment reason and nineteenth-century idealism transformed historicism to reflect teleological ideas and the movement of humanity’s progress throughout time (Cheng, 2012). Teleological perspectives of history are based on the idea that humanity or society is moving towards civilization through constant improvement (Arnold, 2000; Cheng, 2012; Fischer, 1970; Stern, 1956). History suddenly presented as a long march to a predetermined endpoint or culmination in history examined through historical record (Bancroft, 2002; Cheng, 2012).
Teleological views of history are not new to historians nor are they absent in IDT histories. Ideas of progression and determinism are maintained in 21st-century contexts as contemporary historians and educators speak of technological growth and development as cycles (See Gartner Hype Cycle, Panetta, 2021). Saettler’s (1953, 1967, 1990, 2004) compendiums use causal connections and archival guesswork to demonstrate the rise, development, and linear movement (i.e., teleology) of IDT by connecting IDT history to early philosophy in ancient times through to its lengthier development during the 20th century. Saettler’s (1953) dissertation “confined itself to tracing in outline the general development of this field” (p.8). Saettler (1953, 1967, 1990, 2004) uses a general arc of progress and development to frame IDT’s success and progress as a field. Histories, such as Saettler’s, analyze primary sources from the earliest points in IDT history to ultimately demonstrate the realization or accomplishment of the field of IDT.
Saettler’s histories are moderate versions of what historians describe as historical exceptionalism or the idea that
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有了你这样的人，这地方才这么棒
玛丽莎说
恭喜这个美丽的新博客，Nagi。谢谢你创造了这个空间，谢谢你不可思议的慷慨精神!你一个人激励我认真对待我的摄影，我无法告诉你我有多欣赏你在FBC Facebook群中创造的环境。我交了几个真正的朋友，在这个古怪的美食博客上，我喜欢得到他们的支持和支持。
谢谢，谢谢，谢谢!xoxoxo
Nagi说
不——谢谢!!玛丽莎，你是如此的甜美，慷慨和善良，我无法表达我有多感激能遇见你。和真正的。你是如此真诚，我喜欢你这一点。
感谢您成为FBC的一员!!你的存在让一切都不一样了
罗宾@简单新鲜的晚餐说
哇，纳吉，我被震住了。这个网站是黄金，我将会一遍又一遍地阅读这篇文章。非常感谢你慷慨地分享你的知识。
你用自己的努力创造了一个如此棒的社区。谢谢你！
Nagi说
感谢罗宾!我很高兴你觉得它很有用!我很乐意分享我的发现。我真的希望这是一个我们可以互相学习的地方，你知道吗?任何一个人都不可能知道这一切，但如果我们愿意分享我们的知识，我们会更好!!
林赛说
Nagi，你听起来像我。虽然我已经写了6年博客，离这个目标还差得很远。不过只是rebdranded。谢谢你的坦诚。真的真的!谢谢你的FBC!
Nagi说
欢迎光临!我很高兴你在这里找到了有用的东西谢谢你的到来!!
Bam的厨房说
最亲爱的Nagi，我很高兴成为FBC的一部分。我们有一个了不起的团队，有很多有才华的博客，每天都在成长。我非常感谢您花时间启动和支持FBC，现在创建这个伟大的资源网站来分享您的想法和专业知识。感谢您把FBC放在网站格式，这样我们可以很容易地查找已经出现的话题，我们需要参考以后。这比在Facebook上找要容易得多。爱这篇文章，foodbloggerscentral.com, recipetineats.com和你的努力。当心
Nagi说
别再说谢谢了!!我很乐意这样做，当你是这样一群了不起的人中的一员时，想要分享是很容易的小费是双向的!!我可能会分享我的技巧，但我也会向你们学习!这就是为什么我喜欢FBC，它是关于分享知识!!
海伦@ Scrummy Lane说
哦Nagi，我爱这个新网站，我爱这个帖子，我爱你!!(对不起，现在就不要再让人毛骨悚然了!)
认真地说，虽然我可以喋喋不休地谈论FBC已经给了我多少帮助和鼓励，但我真正想说的是GOOD on YOU，你应该得到所有已经到来的成功和肯定会到来的成功!
我喜欢成为这个很棒的社区的一部分，但我最欣赏的是它对每个人都很容易接近——谢天谢地，没有小团体或特别优待。已经有一些类似的社区，但没有一个是免费的，并且是从一个自然发展的支持性社区有机成长起来的。
我非常期待这个领域的发展
Nagi说
不，这里永远永远永远不会有小集团。这是我刚开始写博客时最讨厌的事情之一，我发现它太小团体了!老实说，FBC完全是关于每个人分享他们的知识，我当然不是什么都知道，我犯了很多错误。但是我想如果我们把所有的头脑放在一起，我们就会拥有一个知识的发电站!
海伦，你是一个优秀的女孩!!等不及你搬回来，这样我们就能很快见面了!!
再见Florentina说
谢谢你分享这样一个精彩的诚实的鼓舞人心的帖子。我最近刚决定把我的博客当成一门生意，很多次我都想关掉它，结束它，主要是因为美食博客的政治和网上的负面情绪。但我决定坚持我最初创造它的原因，坚持推动每一个食谱的热情。感谢您分享您的技巧和您的旅程，并为我们创建了一个美妙的社区。xo的Florentina
Nagi说
政治?政治是什么?我的建议是避开它!把精力集中在最重要的事情上——你和你的博客。永远不要为自己找借口，永远不要为了取悦别人而做事情。你的博客是你自己的血、汗和泪，你应该随心所欲。我就在那里看了看，很漂亮。不要让任何人拖垮你!
莎拉说
我:)。只是一个建议——我对如何迎合国际市场的帖子很感兴趣。从你目前写的文章来看，你似乎在迎合大部分美国人的口味?如果是这样，这对你的博客有什么影响?
Nagi说
这是一个有趣的问题!但问题是，美国对所有博客来说都是一个巨大的市场，这真的是一个帮助非美国博客作者的帖子，确保他们写自己的博客来吸引美国市场。我非常清楚这一点，因为我90%的读者都在这里。
你是否拥有大量的国际受众?我只是意识到FBC的大多数成员都是美国人!!
莎拉说
谢谢你这么做，我很感激这是免费的!我期待着阅读更多你的建议。
Tara @美味解密说
哇,Nagi !这太棒了，太鼓舞人心了!喜欢你在这里创造的东西，听听你的博客“故事”。很高兴看到FBC还为每个人准备了什么
Nagi说
谢谢塔拉! !非常感谢你们的到来是成员们“制造”了FBC!!
米拉弗曼说
Nagi Nagi Nagi ! !我喜欢这篇文章，这个网站，我很感激你为我们创造了这一切。你非常有才华，我真的很感激你把你过去成功的企业生活融入到你的博客生涯中，但在这一切中，你没有妥协。我等不及要看完这些了!!恭喜我亲爱的朋友(我真的希望我是那些博客朋友中的一个)我祝你好运，当我看到来自配方锡和FBC的邮件更新时，我现在会感到双重眩晕!
Nagi说
你当然是Mila!我很高兴认识你，我喜欢我们在FBC的乐趣和互相学习!非常感谢你的热情和成为团队的一员!最近有没有看大黄？我的矿井今年变得疯狂起来。我刚找到大黄酸辣酱的食谱。它可以用作肉甚至冰淇淋的浇头。
4 cups diced rhubarb
2 cups brown sugar
1杯苹果醋或干红葡萄酒
1 cup raisins
1 T ginger
½ t black pepper
¼ t cloves
¼ t cinnamon
可能添加2吨切碎的辣椒（墨西哥胡椒）
如果需要，您可以添加大蒜和葱。
煮沸并小火煮约20分钟，经常搅拌直至变稠。它可以在冰箱中存放几个月。如果您有多余的大黄，请务必与邻居，朋友，家人或同事分享。大黄可以收获到6月底，提醒您不要吃叶子。
不要忘记为君主播种乳草种子！ Wagners为您提供了免费的马利筋草种子。君主人口减少了90％，是时候让园丁行动了。
我最近注意到了一种用于花园边缘的新想法。沿花园边缘将啤酒或葡萄酒瓶（当然是空的）倒过来，只有两英寸的瓶子显示在地线以上。将它们靠在一起，形成整齐的边缘。可以肯定是与邻居的对话开始者。
了解更多信息或向我们询问有关产品，可用性或时间的问题！Genel kabul gören görüş, Britanya'nın yönetilen bir düşüşün nazik sancılarını çektiği yönünde. Brexit'in pervasız coşkuları ve başarısız Truss deneyinden sonra, şimdi imparatorluk sonrası olağanüstü kaderiyle ayık bir şekilde yüzleşmelidir. Pek çok kişi ülkenin süregelen düşüşünde tam anlamıyla Britanya'ya özgü bir şey görüyor: hoşnutsuzluk, işlevsizlik ve çürümenin duyarsız bir hikayesi. Yönetici sınıfın ülkeyi yüksek vergiler, düşük büyüme ve çökmekte olan kamu hizmetlerinden oluşan bir kıyamet döngüsünden kurtarmaktan vazgeçmiş olması kimsenin umurunda değil gibi görünüyor. ABD ekonomisi "hesaplanamayan yumuşak inişe" doğru yol alırken, İngiltere'de enflasyon ve kamu sektöründeki grevler hala devam ediyor.
Ancak İngiltere'nin kaderi, her geçen yıl hayatınızı kirada geçirme, sokakta akli dengesi yerinde olmayan dilenciler tarafından saldırıya uğrama ya da tedavi edilebilir bir kanserden ölme olasılığınızın biraz daha arttığı bir yer olarak giderek daha fakir, daha huysuz ve kenarları daha sert bir hale gelmekten ibaret değil. Ancak risk, böyle bir senaryonun tam anlamıyla bir acil durumdan ziyade yavaş yavaş yanan bir sefalet - aslında çok iyimser olabileceğidir. Ülke bir uçurumun kenarına doğru savrulmaktan çok, aşağı doğru bir eğimde yuvarlanıyor.
İngiltere hızla olağanüstü hale yaklaşıyor. Çoğu insanın tanımına göre ülke neredeyse iflas etmiş durumda. Vergiler barış zamanının en yüksek seviyesindeyken bile, devlet sürdürülemez harcamaları ödemek için milyarlarca dolar borçlanıyor. Yetkililerin kamu borcu ihracında yaptıkları hatanın ardından, borç servis maliyetleri şu anda G7'de en hızlı artan kalem.
65 yaş üstü nüfusun oranı arttıkça, ülke kamu sektörü emekliliğinde bir saatli bombanın üzerinde oturuyor. Sağlık harcamaları artık o kadar devasa boyutlara ulaştı ki, İngiliz devleti yakında reforme edilemeyen bir NHS'nin sadece bir yan kuruluşu gibi görünecek. Bu durum, son 15 yıldır fiilen bitkisel hayatta olan ekonominin vahim durumunu bir kenara bırakıyor.
Eğer İngiltere, Japonya'nın kayıp on yılından kaçışını taklit ederek krizden çıkış yolunu harcayabilseydi, tüm bunlar bu kadar korkunç olmazdı. Ancak Liz Truss deneyinin de gösterdiği gibi İngiltere, ister vergi indirimi ister Biden tarzı bir teşvik paketi için olsun, daha fazla borç alabilecek durumda olmayabilir.
Yine de seçkinler arasında İngiltere'nin gerçek bir krize doğru ilerliyor olabileceği konusunda yaygın bir kayıtsızlık var. Mali ve parasal otoritelerin eski kaldıraçlarının kontrol altına almakta yetersiz kalabileceği bir kriz. Ekonomi uzmanları hala İngiltere gibi bir ülkenin parasının tükenebileceği ihtimalini küçümsüyor ve devlet iflaslarının gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ve bağımsız merkez bankaları olmayan ülkelerin işi olduğunu savunuyor. Finans piyasalarının Britanya'ya sonsuza kadar bakıp, ülkenin devam eden bir endişe kaynağı olduğunu düşüneceklerinden gerçekten eminler mi?
İngiltere rotasını değiştirmediği takdirde, demografik eğilimler ve refah devletini finanse etme baskısı nedeniyle çökecek ilk zengin Batı ülkesi olmaya aday olduğu düşünülemez değil. Ya da G7'den düşerek, dünya sıralamasında ABD ve Almanya yerine Arjantin ve Polonya ile omuz omuza vererek aşağılanmaya maruz kalacaktır.
Asıl soru, bu tuzaktan nasıl kurtulacağımızdır. Bazıları, ülkenin ihtiyacı olan şeyin Thatcher kalıbında başka bir lider olduğunu düşünebilir. Vatanseverlik ve inatçılığın doğru karışımıyla aşılanmış biri ülkeyi zorla sert ilaçla besleyebilir. Ancak bu çok aceleci bir varsayımdır: herhangi birinin gerçekten ne yapılması gerektiğini ayrıntılı olarak bildiği varsayımı.
Britanya'nın gerilemesi bir muamma ile sarmalanmış gerçek bir gizemdir. Örneğin tek bir ekonomist bile ülkenin "verimlilik bulmacasını" ikna edici bir şekilde açıklayabilmiş değil. Bölgesel eşitsizliği gidermek için sonu gelmeyen stratejiler izlenmesine rağmen, şirketlerin en iyi yetenekleri işe almak için Londra'da üslendiği ve işçilerin de en iyi işler için Londra'ya akın ettiği tavuk-yumurta bilmecesi sinir bozucu bir şekilde çözülememiştir.
Siyaset ve medya çevrelerinde, Britanya'nın gerilemesinin hikayesi histriyonik ve karmaşıktır. Durgunluk Brexit'ten önce başlamış olsa da Brexit en popüler suçlu. "Kötü bankacılar" da suçlanıyor, her ne kadar 2008'den bu yana durağan verimlilik, coşkulu bankacılık patlamasının daha derin bir rahatsızlığı doğurmak yerine gizlediğini öne sürse de. Bir başka tembel argüman da İngiltere'nin gerilemesinin imparatorluk sonrası karma olduğudur. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası Alman ekonomik mucizesi, bu tür batıl inançlı kendi kendini kırbaçlamayı bir perspektife oturtmalıdır. Tarihçiler arasında sonsuz tartışmalara neden olan ancak politika sohbetlerinde yer almayan bir soru, Britanya'nın emperyal gücünün zirvesindeyken feci bir yanlış dönüş yapıp yapmadığıdır. 19. yüzyılın sonlarından savaş sonrası döneme kadar bir imparatorluğu endüstriyel beceriden ziyade gemicilik, finans ve sterlini destekleyerek sürdürebileceğine dair kumar oynadı.
Bu yanlıştan nasıl dönüleceği de tam olarak açık değildir.
The Telegraph/ SHERELLE JACOBSMercedes, FIA/Ferrari anlaşması hakkında hâlâ cevap bekliyor
Mercedes takım patronu Toto Wolff, Ferrari'nin FIA ile 2019 motorunun legalitesi hakkında yaptığı anlaşma konusunda cevap beklediklerini ve bu sebeple tatmin olmadıklarını söyledi.
Ferrari'nin rakipleri, İtalyan takımın güç ünitesinin kurallara uygunluğundan şüphe etmişti ve FIA, yaptığı birden fazla inceleme sonrasında Şubat ayında Ferrari ile özel bir anlaşmaya vardığını açıklamıştı.
Gridde bulunan yedi takım bu konuyu mahkemeye taşımayı planlıyorlardı, ancak Mercedes sezonun ilk yarışı olması planlanan Avustralya GP öncesinde şikayetini geri çekti.
Ancak Mercedes F1 patronu Toto Wolff, takımın bu tartışmadan geri çekilmediğini ve FIA'dan konu ile ilgili bir açıklama yapmasını merakla beklediğini söyledi.
Cuma günü Avusturya'da konuşan Wolff şunları söyledi: "Geri adım atmadık."
"Melbourne'de olduğumuz sırada sezon başlangıcı için, buna ek olarak ortaya çıkan anlaşmazlık, İtalya'da koronavirüs salgının çok kötü bir noktaya gitmiş olması sebebiyle, o zamanın elverişli olmadığına karar verdik."
"Bugünlerde ise şeffaflık çok önemli, ve iyi bir yönetim gayet önemli bir etken. Durum ile ilgili iyi bir yönetim yapılmış olabilir olabilir, ancak eğer olanları bilmiyorsanız doğru bir şey düşünebilmeniz gerçekten çok zor."
"Şu andaki konumumuzda durumu gözlemleme halindeyiz. Geçen sene olanlardan hiç mutlu değiliz. Bu durum hepimizi Ferrari'ye karşı rekabetçi olmaya itti, bu da çok zor bir şeydi."
"Sezonun nasıl başladığını ve ilerlediğini görelin, daha sonrasında kendimizi diğer takımlara göre nerede durduğumuz konusunda yeniden değerlendireceğiz."
Red Bull takım patronu Christian Horner ise Ferrari'yi, anlaşmanın detaylarını açıklamayı kabul etmeye davet etti ve şunları söyledi: "Kurallara uygunluk ve aracın yasal olması konusunda yapılan bir anlaşmanın bulunması çok rahatsız edici bir şey."
"Bu da sizin, anlaşmada neler olduğu konusunda meraklanmanıza neden oluyor, nelerden taviz verildiğini bilmek istiyorsunuz. Bize göre, bir araç kurallara ya uygundur ya da değildir."
"FIA'ya bunun nedeni soruldu. FIA da kendilerinin bu belgeyi açıklamalarından mutluluk duyacaklarını, ancak diğer taraflardan da izin almaları gerektiğini söyledi."
"Durum böyle olunca kurallara uygunluk konusunda yapılan özel anlaşmalar, şüphe oluşturmaktan başka bir işe yaramıyor. Bu yüzden en sağlıklı şey bu anlaşmayı göz önüne alıp kimin ne tür tavizler verdiğini görmek olurdu."
"FIA kendilerinin bunu yapabileceğini söyledi. Ferrari'nin de aynısını yaparak bu olayı bir kenara kaldırmaları gayet iyi bir şey olurdu."
McLaren Racing CEO'su Zak Brown, konu hakkında daha şeffaf bir yaklaşımın olmasını umduğunu söylerken, İtalyan takımın konuya olan yaklaşımının yakın zamanda değişmeyeceğine inandığını söyledi.
"Ne olduğunu anlamak, ne bulduklarını görmek ve çözümün ne olduğunu bilmek güzel olurdu." diyen Brown ekledi: "Bu olay geçen sene yaşandı, bu yüzden geçen sene görmüş olabileceğimiz veriyi görmeyeceğimizi ümit ediyorum. Bana göre eğer konuyu açıkladığınıza inanıyorsanız, ancak o zaman geçen sene olanları kapamış olursunuz."
"Bugünün şeffaf dünyasında, durumun ne olduğunu anlayabilmek güzel olabilirdi."
2020 Avusturya GP 2. antrenman: Hamilton ve Mercedes rahat şekilde lider
F1 tarihinde bugün: 3 TemmuzÇağımızın kaçınılmaz kaygısı haline gelen işini kaybetme stresini yaşamadan çalışma hayatınızı sürdürmenizi, işsiz kalsanız bile yeni bir iş bulana kadar ödemelerinizin karşılanmasını sağlar.
İşsiz kalmanız durumunda; bu dönemde oluşabilecek ihtiyaçlarınıza göre farklı ürünlerimizden birini tercih ederek, işsizlik dönemini maddi sıkıntı içerisine girmeden geçirebilir ve böylece bugün sahip olduğunuz standardı koruyabilirsiniz.İngiliz Kraliyet Donanmasına ait HMS Defender gemisi, saat 11.52'de Rusya sınırını geçti. Gemi, Fiolent Burnu'nda Rus karasularında üç kilometre ilerledi. Ruslar, gemiye sınırın ihlali durumunda silah kullanılacağı konusunda uyarı yaptı. İngilizler ise herhangi bir cevap vermedi. Bunun üzerine Rusların sınır devriye gemisi, İngiliz gemisine uyarı ateşi açtı. Dokuz dakika daha sonra da Su-2
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Sono costruzioni sociali, oltre che variabili storiche, che dipendono interamente dal sistema giuridico e fiscale, dalla politica educativa» e dalla costruzione intellettuale che permette di leggerle in una chiave invece che in un'altra. Per dirla con Michel Foucault: sono conseguenze di un complessivo ordine del discorso, che dalla culla alla tomba "lavora" per rendere naturale ciò che non lo è: la disuguaglianza tra gli uomini. appunto.
Le situazioni di disuguaglianza materiale derivano dunque per Piketty dalle «rappresentazioni che ogni società si dà e dall'impegno che ci mette per operare o meno a favore della giustizia sociale e dell'economia equa». Le disuguaglianze, spiega inoltre Piketty nelle oltre milleduecento pagine del suo lavoro, sono relazioni. Relazioni di potere ideologico-politico tra diversi gruppi. La copertura ideologica assicura ai pochi una possibilità di governance e azzera le possibilità di governo per i molti. Insomma, la democrazia è messa sotto scacco non tanto dai populismi e dalla democrazie illiberali, che sono sintomi, ma dalla patologia che la segna: aver tradito un sogno di uguaglianza e parità non meramente formali.
«Il punto importante è che queste relazioni di potere - conclude Piketty- non sono solo materiali: sono anche e soprattutto intellettuali. In altre parole, le idee e le ideologie contano nella storia e ci permettono di immaginare e strutturare costantemente nuovi mondi e società diverse». Da qui lo stallo attuale, ma anche la possibilità (molto remota) di uscirne.
Toward a circular economy. It is not because a person has made a fortune at the age of 30 that they should continue to concentrate power at the age of 50, 70 or 90 years. The economy of the 21c must be based on the permanent circulation of power & wealth.https://t.co/WyzCgnBEJ4 pic.twitter.com/n7TcfMo5Qa— Thomas Piketty (@PikettyLeMonde) October 16, 2019
Torniamo a Davos e alle sue élites, meno solide di un tempo: «le élite delle diverse società, in ogni momento, e a tutte le latitudini, spesso tendono a "naturalizzare" la disuguaglianze, vale a dire cercare di dare loro una base naturale e obiettiva, per spiegare che le disparità sociali in atto sono nell'interesse dei più poveri e della società nel suo complesso, e che in ogni caso la loro attuale struttura è l'unica possibile, e nulla può essere sostanzialmente modificato senza causare immense disgrazie».
L'esperienza storica mostra però il contrario. «L'aumento delle disuguaglianze socio-economiche, osservato nell'ambito della maggior parte dei paesi e delle regioni del mondo dagli anni '80 e '90, è uno degli sviluppi strutturali più preoccupanti con i quali il mondo si confronta all'inizio del XXI secolo».
Per questo, spiega ancora Piketty, è molto difficile prendere in considerazione soluzioni ad altre grandi sfide, a partire dalle sfide climatiche e migratorie, se non mettiamo mano al problema cruciale: «bisogna ridurre le disuguaglianze e costruire una società più equa».
Nel frattempo, il mondo brucia: crescono le "rivolte senza leader", movimenti acefali, dettati dalla rabbia e dalla frustrazione di non poter uscire dalla morsa di una disuguaglianza che cresce ogni giorno di più. E ogni giorno di più, proprio perché senza testa e senza progetto, finisce per alimentarla.Socialist Labor party
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Wikipedia.
Socialist Labor party,in the United States, begun in 1877 by New York City socialists. Its membership came largely from German-American workingmen. During the 1880s a national organization was established and the party concentrated, unsuccessfully, on electoral politics. The depression conditions of the 1890s brought it renewed strength, and, under the leadership of Daniel De LeonDe Leon, Daniel
, 1852–1914, American socialist leader. Born on the island of Curaçao of Spanish-American parents, he was educated in Germany and the Netherlands before going (1872) to New York City. There he edited a Spanish newspaper, studied law at Columbia (LL.B.
..... Click the link for more information. , a Marxist revolutionary, it emphasized militant labor activities and organized (1896) its own union. After many members who opposed the leadership of De Leon withdrew (1899) and joined the less militant Social Democratic party (see Socialist partySocialist party,
in U.S. history, political party formed to promote public control of the means of production and distribution. In 1898 the Social Democratic party was formed by a group led by Eugene V. Debs and Victor Berger.
..... Click the link for more information. ), the Socialist Labor party did not regain its previous importance.
Socialist Labor Party
(SLP), a socialist party of the USA, founded in 1876; called the Workingmen’s Party of America until 1877. In the late 1870’s the leading positions in the Socialist Labor Party were seized by the Lassalleans. A change in the SLP’s political line became noticeable in the late 1880’s, as the party cultivated closer ties with the labor movement. However, in the late 1890’s, sectarian and syndicalist elements again became dominant. The revolutionary wing of the SLP welcomed Russia’s October Revolution but the party’s leaders called the revolution “premature.” The revolutionary wing then left the SLP to join the communist movement. Subsequently, membership of the SLP declined and the party was mainly linked with the intelligentsia.Die Hart The Movie 2023 izle
(2020)
Aksiyon ve komedinin bir arada olduğu 2023 filmi Die Hart The Movie filmcus.org adresinde Filmde kendisini canlandıran Kevin Hart, aksiyon yıldızı olma uğruna ölümü bile göze alarak bir maceraya atılıyor. John Travolta, Nathalie Emmanuel ve Josh Hartnett'in de yardımıyla amacına ulaşması mümkün olabilir.A vaccine for multiple sclerosis could be in the future.
A VACCINE for avoiding multiple sclerosis has moved a step closer, as doctors believe they have discovered the cause of the disease.
MS develops following two separate common infections which cause the body to attack itself, British research has found.
And doctors now believe the development of a vaccine against one of the viruses may hold the key to future MS prevention.
Approximately 100,000 people in the UK live with multiple sclerosis. The neurological condition is triggered when the immune system attacks the nerves, causing pain, fatigue, vision problems and spasms.
What causes the body to begin attacking itself has never been identified. But scientists at the University of Glasgow and Harvard University in the US suggest exposure to two common infections — threadworms followed by the Epstein-Barr virus — may be the trigger.
The findings therefore suggest that developing a vaccine or drugs to stop people getting the Epstein-Barr virus could also make them immune to multiple sclerosis.
Professor John Paul Leach, consultant neurologist at the University of Glasgow, said: ‘MS is a condition where the body produces antibodies against itself for reasons that have never been understood and goes against its own nervous system. It is odd that we have never found out why some people are more prone than others.
|Read on: Multiple sclerosis study claims discovery of cause of the disease | Daily Telegraph|Due to the popularisation of video sharing servers and their successful impact on the viewing audiences, the drop in prices of consumer video production equipment and the accessibility to editing software, the production of educational videos has become a considerable resource for educators. In Higher Education (HE) video is not only being produced as a means of conveying learning messages to distant students but to attempting to enrich the academic practice of enthusiast practitioners who decide to use video - either self-produced, commercially produced or custom produced and shared over the net - for an educational purpose. In an analysis of the target audiences of four different HE groups at Lancaster University, UK that used video during their courses – webcast environment for video lecturing, VLE with just-in-time video explanations, video interviews as discussion enhancer and video recording of the performance of dance students - it was observed that a target audience that is fostered to commit in critical thinking activities tends to benefit more from this kind of medium. It was learnt from the studies, that when it is about educational digital video, a user-centred approach for the development of the online environment where the videos are going to be delivered, and a full integration of the media with the course curriculum tend to be necessary but insufficient conditions to engage the students to watch the educational videos. It was observed that if no higher order skills are fostered by means of the video-rich activity – such as analysis, reflection, problem solving, or group discussion - the students tend to neglect the video. The implications of fostering critical thinking by means of video rich learning activities are explained by means of the analyses of thetwo case studies in which a 100% of the target audience was reached.[-]
在哈里波特魔幻系列故事中，作者罗琳老师“创造”出了一种巫师球类体育运动，名为Quidditch/魁地奇比赛(具体规则参见后面的wiki)。
而近日，在美国 Middlebury College 一群学生正模拟哈利波特中 Quidditch 运动的方式，举办了一个真正的 Quidditch 世界杯比赛。
别惊讶，这不可不是第一届。Middlebury College 的学生于6年前想到这个有趣的点子，并开始小范围的模拟比赛，进而在当地传开，渐渐的有了大规模的比赛。去年他们举办的Quidditch World Cup 就吸引了2万名观众，而今天就参赛球队来说就有700多个。
oioi：麻瓜世界的人们正试图通过这种运动，学会巫师们的要领，取代他们的地位。
正式的比赛有点类似橄榄球或者手球。球员必须手指扫帚，将鬼球扔进对方球门。同时有追求手负责追赶金色飞贼球(oioi：不爱明白这个用什么模拟)
实际上比赛更像是一个哈利波特爱好者的聚会吧，或者魔幻 COSPLAY大展？！
他们比赛联盟的 facebook
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给这篇稿打赏，让译者更有动力ZAMBOANGA (AA) - Filipinler'de, Filipinler Komünist Partisi'nin (CPP) silahlı kanadı Yeni Halk Ordusu'nun (NPA) üst düzey bir liderlerinin öldürüldüğü iddia edildi.
Yerel basında yer alan haberlere göre, Yüzbaşı Danny Boy Tapang, NPA kumandanlarından Noel Gulmatico ve bir arkadaşının dün ordu ile örgüt arasında çıkan çatışma sırasında öldürüldüğünü belirtti.
Olay yerinde çok güçlü iki tüfek bulunurken, çatışmada ölenlerin cesetleri sivil yetkililere teslim edildi.
NPA, Filipinler'de 1969'dan bu yana saldırılar düzenliyor. Asya'nın en uzun soluklu direniş hareketlerinden biri kabul edilen örgütün silahlı eylemlerinde resmi rakamlara göre 40 bine yakın kişi hayatını kaybetti. Taraflar arasında süren barış görüşmeleri, hükümetin tutuklu isyancıları serbest bırakmayı reddetmesi üzerine Şubat 2013'te sona ermişti.
Örgüte mensup 4 bine yakın militanın bulunduğu Filipinler'de mayıs ayında yapılan devlet başkanlığı seçimini kazanan ve 30 Haziran'da görevine başlayan Duterte, seçildikten hemen sonra Filipinler Komünist Partisi üyelerine kabinede yer verebileceğini ve Ebu Seyyaf örgütü ile görüşebileceğini açıklamıştı. Duterte, dün uyuşturucu kaçakçılarıyla mücadelede komünist liderlerden yardım istemişti.A Bank of England supremo said it would be "easy" to stop inflation from racing ahead despite "printing" £75 billion of money to boost the economy.
Writing in the Daily Mail, the bank's deputy governor Charlie Bean said although it sounded "too good to be true", the extra money was needed to help save the country from a "particularly nasty recession".
The cash injection - technically known as quantitative easing - happens through the central bank buying up a range of financial assets from the private sector. It is designed to bolster firms' spending power for other goods and services, helping to drive up economic activity.
Mr Bean said: "In normal times. an injection of extra money of this magnitude might be expected to lead to too much money and spending in the economy and a rise in inflation.
"But right now, there is not enough money and spending in the economy and that is what we need to rectify.
Funny. Wasn't the ostensible reason to prevent deflation last week ? (Inflation is currently 1% higher than HMGs 2% target).
Now the problem is that "there is not enough money and spending in the economy".
It's a long long time since I studied economics and I'm sure it shows. But if there's not enough spending (aka the money's velocity is too low) will adding more improve things ? Will the dosh go to improve bank balance sheets ?
And when the velocity does pick up, won't prices take off as that extra dosh emerges ?Diversi studi si sono occupati della presenza di disturbi gastrointestinali e comportamenti alimentari nei disturbi dello spettro autistico (autism spectrum disorder, ASD). La presenza di sintomi gastrointestinali ha sostenuto e continua sostenere una corposa produzione scientifica, volta a meglio definire se ed in che misura una sintomatologia organica possa incidere sull´espressività clinica del disturbo autistico e, viceversa, se ed in che misura la presenza di un disturbo comunicativo-relazionale concorra a connotare in maniera distinta i sintomi gastrointestinali. .
Rispetto ai sintomi gastrointestinali, i dati attualmente disponibili suggeriscono una stima di prevalenza dei disturbi gastrointestinali nello spettro compresa tra il 7 e 91%: i disturbi riportati con maggiore frequenza sono la stipsi cronica (con possibile encopresi), in una percentuale compresa tra il 6 e 45%, il dolore addominale, in una percentuale compresa tra il 2 e 41%, la diarrea cronica tra 8 e il 19%, il reflusso gastroesofageo, tra il 7 e 19% (Coury DL et al., 2012). Non ci sono al momento evidenze che suggeriscano una maggiore frequenza di disturbi e/o sintomi gastrointestinali nei soggetti autistici rispetto ai soggetti di controllo; una differenza statisticamente significativa, tra popolazione di spettro e popolazione neuro tipica, solo nell´ incidenza cumulativa per stipsi e selettività alimentare: queste due condizioni risultano essere le più presenti nello spettro autistico e l´ ipotesi formulata è che la stipsi sia conseguenza di un regime alimentare restrittivo (Coury DL et al., 2012).
I comportamenti alimentari, detti anche feeding disorders includono un gruppo eterogeneo di condizioni: regimi alimentari limitati a pochi o pochissimi alimenti; avversione per specifici sapori, colori, consistenze, temperature; ruminazione; pica (Olivie H., 2012).
Una recente metanalisi ha stimato la probabilità di feeding disorders, nella popolazione pediatrica ASD, 5 volte superiore rispetto alla popolazione pediatrica generale (Sharp W.G et al., 2013). La selettività alimentare risulta essere il comportamento alimentare più frequentemente associato ai disturbi di spettro autistico e presente in oltre il 70% della popolazione pediatrica ASD (Sharp W.G et al., 2013)
La rilevanza del tema ha sostenuto la necessità di formulare delle indicazioni precise circa la valutazione, diagnosi e trattamento dei disturbi gastrointestinali nelle persone con ASD. Per questo motivo, nel 2009, si è costituito un panel di esperti multidisciplinare, costituito da psichiatri infantili, pediatri, epidemiologici, genetisti, neurologi pediatrici, gastroenterologi, nutrizionisti e psicologi. Questo gruppo di lavoro ha condotto, tra il 2009 e 2010, una revisione sistematica della letteratura (utilizzando come parole chiave gastrointestinal disorders and autism) e ha ricercato la disponibilità di eventuali linee guida già esistenti sull´ argomento. Alla fine è stato stilato un documento di consenso (consensus report), che riunisce le conoscenze scientifiche evidence based, in tema di sintomi e disturbi gastrointestinali nella popolazione affetta da disturbi dello spettro autistico. il Consensus Report contiene un insieme di indicazioni, in totale 23, che rappresentano un punto di riferimento per la gestione diagnostico-valutativa e terapeutico-assistenziale dei disturbi gastrointestinali nella popolazione con diagnosi di spettro autistico.
Le conoscenze attuali ci permettono di affermare che l´approccio diagnostico-valutativo utilizzato nelle persone con ASD e sintomi gastrointestinali deve essere lo stesso utilizzato nella popolazione generale che presenta gli stessi sintomi e disturbi gastrointestinali (affermazione 1). Questo è necessario perché i sintomi e disturbi gastrointestinali riportati nella popolazione ASD non differiscono nella semeiotica medica da quelli riportati nella popolazione generale (affermazione 2). D´altra parte, ad oggi la non confrontabilità degli studi condotti su tale argomento non permette di conoscere la prevalenza esatta dei sintomi e disturbi gastrointestinali nelle persone ASD (affermazione 3) né è comprovata o dimostrata ad oggi l´esistenza di una specifica condizione o alterazione intestinale nelle persone con ASD e sintomi e/o disturbi gastrointestinali (affermazione 4). Mentre è condiviso il dato relativo al più alto rischio, nelle persone con ASD e sintomi gastrointestinali, di manifestazioni comportamentali pervasive o ricorrenti, che incidono sul funzionamento adattivo globale e il livello di benessere (affermazione 6). Quindi è importante valutare sempre, in caso di comportamenti problematici, specie se insorti recentemente, la presenza di disturbi gastrointestinali, che potrebbero costituire la causa scatenante una manifestazione comportamentale (affermazione 7). Non ci sono studi prospettici e randomizzati che permettano di sostenere l´ipotesi di un´alterazione
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tutte le materie, avete davanti a voi, negli atti della Commissione, progetti concreti, fra cui sceglierete. Ormai la responsabilità è passata dalle nostre spalle alle vostre; noi saremo i vostri collaboratori, i servi fedeli del compito comune; lavoreremo con voi; in fervido sforzo di superare le difficoltà. Potrei finire con una invocazione... (Commenti).
Finisco invece con la maggiore semplicità, esprimendo il desiderio che la conoscenza di questo atto costituzionale sia diffusa non solo fra voi ma in tutto il Paese. Il Paese finora si e scarsamente interessato; si appassionerà, credo, domani, di più, e sentirà che questo è un atto fondamentale per la sua vita e per il suo avvenire. Mi rivolgo alle genti d'ogni regione; agli uomini d'ogni idea; anche ai nostri fratelli che l'ingiusta pace ha staccato da noi, perché questa è anche la loro Costituzione.
Onorevoli colleghi, siamo messi tutti alla prova. Noi della Commissione abbiamo lavorato con pazienza e devozione. Ci saremo sbagliati, avremo commesso errori. Ma tutte le vostre critiche le consideriamo lietamente ad un patto: che tutti insieme, sappiamo dare una Costituzione buona all'Italia. (Vivissimi generali applausi — Molte congratulazioni).
Presidente Terracini. Onorevoli colleghi, dopo il discorso dell'onorevole Ruini, così limpido e semplice, vorrei che mettessimo un punto fermo ai lavori di questa settimana.
Abbiamo finito quella che concordemente abbiamo chiamato la discussione preliminare, perché, senza entrare profondamente nel merito, ci siamo procurati una visione generale del testo costituzionale, quasi una visione dall'alto, ed essa ci serve, e ci servirà specialmente poi, nel momento in cui cominceremo ad occuparci dei vari particolari del progetto costituzionale.
Tutti dobbiamo chiederci in questo momento se essa non ci abbia posto dinanzi alcuni problemi concreti, da risolvere immediatamente, in via preliminare. Il primo di essi è quello che due nostri colleghi hanno posto, presentando due ordini del giorno, come conseguenza o premessa dei loro interventi in questa discussione. Si tratta degli ordini del giorno degli onorevoli Lucifero e Calamandrei, in ordine alla questione del preambolo.
L'onorevole Lucifero ha proposto il seguente ordine del giorno:
«L'Assemblea Costituente ritiene che il testo della Costituzione debba esser preceduto da un preambolo, del seguente tenore:
«Il popolo italiano, invocando l'assistenza di Dio, nel libero esercizio della propria sovranità, si è data la presente legge fondamentale, mediante la quale si costituisce e si ordina in Stato.
«La legge costituzionale dichiara con valore normativo assoluto i diritti inalienabili ed imprescrittibili della persona umana, come presupposto e limite legale permanente all'esercizio di ogni pubblico potere; stabilisce i poteri e gli organi della sovranità; determina i modi e le forme necessarie al sorgere di una volontà legale dello Stato.
«Il popolo italiano, consapevole che ogni associazione umana si realizza nell'esercizio della cooperazione e della solidarietà, intende che l'opera dello Stato sia diretta — nelle forme e nei limiti della presente Costituzione — a rendere possibili ed attive l'una e l'altra, per la sempre più felice e giusta convivenza civile».
A sua volta l'onorevole Calamandrei ha proposto questo ordine del giorno:
«L'Assemblea Costituente si dichiara convinta che nel testo della Costituzione, come suprema legge della Repubblica, debbano trovare posto non definizioni e proclamazioni di idealità etico-sociali, ma soltanto norme giuridiche aventi efficacia pratica, che siano fondamento immediato di poteri e di organi, e garanzia di diritti concretamente sanzionati; ed altresì norme che, se pure non riconoscono oggi diritti già perfetti e maturi, si prestano, per la loro concretezza e precisione, a dar vita nell'avvenire a veri diritti sanzionati con leggi, impegnando in tal senso il legislatore futuro;
«ritiene invece che, per ogni altra enunciazione generale di finalità etico-sociali, di cui si creda opportuno far cenno nella Costituzione, esigenze di chiarezza e di tecnica impongano di non confonderle con le vere norme giuridiche e di riservarle ad un sobrio e sintetico preambolo; e rimanda alla discussione degli articoli lo stabilire caso per caso quali di essi debbano essere trasferiti nella parte preliminare».
Penso che l'ordine del giorno Calamandrei, in quanto di portata più ampia, debba avere la precedenza nella votazione.
Ha chiesto di parlare l'onorevole Presidente della Commissione per la Costituzione. Ne ha facoltà.
Ruini, Presidente della Commissione per la Costituzione. Ho già accennato nel mio discorso a quelle che sono state le linee adottate dal Comitato di redazione. Noi riteniamo che sia opportuna una sospensiva alla proposta dell'onorevole Calamandrei. Dichiariamo subito che l'idea di un preambolo, nella sua forma storica, dichiarativa, è accolta da tutti noi. Non possiamo accettare senz'altro la formula, sia pure elegante, dell'onorevole Lucifero, perché il preambolo andrà molto meditato.
Per quanto riguarda la proposta contenuta nell'ordine del giorno dell'onorevole Calamandrei, di trasferire determinate formule nel preambolo, chiediamo una sospensiva, perché riteniamo opportuno che si decida se ciò convenga, quando avremo esaminato, non dico l'insieme della Costituzione, ma almeno la prima parte che riguarda i diritti e i doveri dei cittadini.
Presidente Terracini. Onorevole Calamandrei, dopo le dichiarazioni dell'onorevole Ruini desidererei che lei mi dicesse se mantiene l'ordine del giorno, chiedendone la votazione immediata, oppure se aderisce alla proposta di sospensiva.
Calamandrei. Aderisco, perché il preambolo è una specie di prefazione (Commenti) e tutti sanno che è bene che la prefazione sia la più breve possibile. È quindi opportuno precisare il contenuto di questo preambolo nel corso della discussione.
Presidente Terracini. Ha chiesto di parlare l'onorevole Lucifero. Ne ha facoltà.
Lucifero. Sono perfettamente d'accordo; sul fatto che il testo definitivo del preambolo non si possa redigere che alla, fine; soltanto mi è sembrato di non vedere una concordanza precisa fra quello che ha detto l'onorevole Ruini e quello che ha detto l'onorevole Calamandrei. Qui se ho ben compreso, l'onorevole Ruini pensa di rimandare a dopo la discussione, almeno della prima parte della Costituzione, la decisione se vi debba o no essere un preambolo; mentre l'onorevole Calamandrei penserebbe che si decidesse oggi che un preambolo, vi sarà.
Ruini, Presidente della Commissione per la Costituzione. Credo di essermi spiegato abbastanza, chiaramente.
Presidente Terracini. Mi pare che l'onorevole Calamandrei abbia compreso ciò che ha detto l'onorevole Ruini e, poiché l'onorevole Calamandrei ha aderito alla sospensiva proposta dall'onorevole Ruini, ritengo che sia ora soltanto da vedere se altri colleghi desiderano fare delle proposte.
D'Aragona. Chiedo di parlare.
Presidente Terracini. Ne ha facoltà.
D'Aragona. Chiedo se l'approvazione della sospensiva significhi che si lascia impregiudicata la questione di avere o non avere il preambolo, o significhi l'accettazione generica di fare il preambolo.
Presidente Terracini. La sospensiva significa che la questione non è pregiudicata in nessun senso.
Perché non vi sia nessun dubbio e non possa eventualmente essere interpretata diversamente la nostra decisione in prosieguo di discussione, porrò in votazione la proposta dell'onorevole Ruini, accettata dall'onorevole Calamandrei, di sospendere ogni decisione sulla questione dei preambolo.
L'onorevole Ruini nelle sue spiegazioni ha fatto ben comprendere che, venuto il momento, la Commissione non si opporrà, anzi concorderà nell'opportunità di avere il preambolo. (Commenti). L'onorevole Ruini, per la Commissione, può evidentemente avere questa opinione. Chi non è d'accordo, quando si metterà in votazione la proposta, voterà contro; ma in questo momento io non interpreto l'opinione dell'Assemblea, sibbene quella dell'onorevole Ruini.
Pongo pertanto in votazione la proposta di sospensiva sull'ordine del giorno Calamandrei.
(È approvata).
[La seduta prosegue iniziando la discussione generale delle «Disposizioni generali»; pertanto il resoconto stenografico viene riportato nella relativa sezione delle appendici.]
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A cura di Fabrizio CalzarettiQQ音乐证券3月23日讯，第二批1400美元的刺激资金支票于3月24日(周三)打入民众银行账户。
美国财政部、美国国税局和美国财政服务局周一宣布了这些支票的支付，他们表示，这些支票已从上周五开始处理，可能会更早进入一些人的账户。
据相关机构称，最新一批还包括“大量”邮寄的纸质支票和预付借记卡。没有收到3月24日直接付款的人应该在未来几周注意邮寄付款。
这些机构没有具体说明在这第二轮支付中包括多少支票。在第一轮中共支付了9000万笔款项，总额超过2,420亿美元。
“美国国税局继续以创纪录的速度发放第三轮刺激支出，”局长雷迪格（Chuck Rettig）在一份声明中称。
本月早些时候，国会和乔-拜登总统批准了新一轮的经济刺激计划。补贴包括每人不超过1400美元，外加每个子女和受抚养人每人1400美元。
就像过去的刺激法案一样，必须达到一定的标准才有资格。总收入不超过7.5万美元的个人、总收入不超过11.25万美元的户主以及共同申报后总收入不超过15万美元的已婚夫妇将获得全额补偿金。
这一次，补贴逐步取消得更快，个人补贴上限为8万美元，户主补贴上限为12万美元，已婚夫妇补贴的收入上限为16万美元。
将自动获得这笔钱的人包括那些通过过去的纳税申报单在政府上登记了个人信息的人，或者那些去年使用IRS非申报工具的人。那些享受联邦福利的人，如社会保障、补充保障收入或退伍军人等，也会自动得到这笔钱。（仲夏）
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Krallar Tehlikede+
Aslanlar onlarca yıldır detaylı bir şekilde araştırılıyor. Bu belgeselde, termal kameralar sayesinde, Afrika'nın en büyük vahşi kedilerinin son kalmış sırlarını ortaya çıkarıyoruz.
Tehlike Günleri+
Bu belgesel Savannah'da yaşayan aslanlara dair bir sadakat ve asalet masalı anlatırken, öte yandan yaşanan inanılmaz bencillik ve acımasız vahşeti de gözler önüne seriyor.Kan nakli
Kan bağışı. 18-65 yaş arasında ve vücut ağırlığı 50 kg’ın üzerinde olan sağlıklı kişiler kan verebilir. Erkekler en sık 2 ayda bir; kadınlar ise en sık 3 ayda bir olmak üzere ve yılda toplam 4 üniteyi geçmemek koşuluyla kan verebilirler. İnsan vücudunda yaklaşık 5000-6000 ml kan vardır ve kan bağışında bulunan kişiden bir defada 450 ml kan alınır. Eksilen miktar insan vücudunda saatler içinde tamamlanabilmektedir. Kan bağışı uygun kişilerden uygun koşullarda yapıldığında sağlık açısından herhangi bir risk taşımaz.
Kan bağışı için kriterler kişinin yaşı, kilosu, sağlık durumu ve hemoglobin düzeyidir. Kan koldaki bir damara yerleştirilen plastik bir tüp aracılığıyla alınır.
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本报特约记者李佳彬
10月20日，以色列总统佩雷斯批准了前进党主席、女外长利夫尼延长组阁期限的申请。当天，利夫尼向佩雷斯汇 报了其组阁谈判的进展情况，表示组阁时间拖得太久不符合以人民的利益。前进党正在为组建一个稳定的政府、消除人们对政 局动荡的担忧而努力。此前利夫尼曾号召议会各党派携起手来，不经过议会投票环节，直接组建一个“诸党团结一致”的政府 ，不过这个提议遭到了反对党利库德集团主席内塔尼亚胡的反对，他坚持以举行议会信任投票的方式组建新政府。佩雷斯在批 准了利夫尼的申请后指出，组阁谈判是一件复杂的事情，希望利夫尼能够抓住机会，实现政局的稳定。
今年9月18日，利夫尼在执政的前进党主席选举中，以微弱优势战胜运输部长莫法兹，并于9月22日获得总统佩 雷斯的组阁授权，期限为28天。10月13日，利夫尼与议会第二大党工党达成初步协议，同意共同组建新一届政府。双方 代表经过近20个小时的谈判，最终拟定并签署了了一份初步协议。根据协议，工党主席、现任国防部长巴拉克将成为新政府 中的“第一副总理”。利夫尼和巴拉克有望于近日签署正式协议。由于前进党和工党是以色列议会最大两党，在议会120个 议席中共占有近50个席位。因此，与工党的协议达成后，利夫尼可谓是“成功了一大半”。不过，利夫尼与右翼的沙斯党进 行的组阁谈判遇到困难，利夫尼未能在28天内达到法定组阁所需的执政联盟议席须占议会半数以上的条件。
根据以色列法律，利夫尼延长组阁期限申请获得批准，又为她赢得14天的时间。如果利夫尼组阁成功，她将成为自 上世纪70年代梅厄夫人后，以色列30多年来的首位女总理。
今年50岁的利夫尼是两个孩子的母亲，1958年7月8日出生于特拉维夫，父母均是英国统治巴勒斯坦时期犹太 复国主义右翼秘密军事组织“伊尔贡”成员。上世纪80年代初，利夫尼曾在以情报机构摩萨德工作，是一位勇敢机智的女特 工，她的同事评价她“智商高达150，沉着冷静，非常聪明”。PROMOSYoN ÜRÜNLER
Neden Promosyon Ürünleri?
Promosyon ürünler, bir markanın tanıtımını yapmak, müşteri sadakatini artırmak veya bir etkinlikte marka bilinirliği oluşturmak amacıyla dağıtılan özel ürünlerdir. Genellikle üzerlerine marka logosu, slogan veya iletişim bilgileri basılarak kişiselleştirilirler. Promosyon ürünleri geniş bir yelpazede bulunabilir, örneğin kalem, çanta, şapka, not defteri, bardak altlığı gibi pratik günlük kullanım ürünlerinden, teknolojik ürünlere kadar çeşitlenebilir.
Promosyon Ürünlerin Önemi:
Marka Bilinirliği ve Tanıtım: Promosyon ürünleri, markanın adını, logosunu ve mesajını potansiyel müşterilere duyurmanın etkili bir yoludur. Bu ürünler, müşterilerin günlük yaşamlarında sürekli olarak markayla etkileşimde bulunmalarını sağlar.
Müşteri Sadakati ve Memnuniyeti: Hediye edilen promosyon ürünleri, müşterilere değer verildiğini gösterir ve pozitif bir müşteri deneyimi oluşturabilir. Bu, müşteri sadakatini artırabilir ve müşterilerin markaya olan bağlılığını güçlendirebilir.
Farkındalık Oluşturma: Özel tasarlanmış promosyon ürünleri, markanın farklılık yaratmasına ve rakiplerinden ayrılmasına yardımcı olabilir. Benzersiz ve dikkat çekici promosyon ürünleri, markanın daha fazla hatırlanmasına katkı sağlar.
Etkin Pazarlama Stratejisi: Promosyon ürünleri, maliyet etkin bir pazarlama stratejisi sunar. Diğer reklam yöntemlerine göre daha uzun ömürlü olabilirler. Bir defter veya bardak altlığı gibi günlük kullanılan bir ürün, markanın sürekli olarak hatırlanmasını sağlar.
İşbirlikleri ve Etkinliklerde Görsellik: Promosyon ürünleri, işbirlikleri veya etkinliklerde markanın görsel varlığını artırabilir. Standlarınızda veya etkinlik mekanlarında dağıtılan promosyon ürünleri, katılımcıların markanızla etkileşimde bulunmalarını sağlar.
Yeni Müşteri Çekme: Promosyon ürünleri, potansiyel yeni müşterileri çekmek için etkili bir araç olabilir. Bir müşteriye verilen değerli bir hediye, markanızın olumlu bir izlenim bırakmasına yardımcı olabilir.
Çeşitli Seçenekler ve Kişiselleştirme: Promosyon ürünleri geniş bir yelpazede bulunur ve çeşitli seçenekleri içerir. Bu, markaların hedef kitlelerine uygun ürünleri seçmelerine ve kişiselleştirmelerine olanak tanır.
Sosyal Medya ve Viral Pazarlama: İyi tasarlanmış ve ilginç promosyon ürünleri, sosyal medyada paylaşımı teşvik edebilir. Bu da markanın organik olarak daha geniş bir kitleye ulaşmasına yardımcı olabilir.
Ecomedya olarak sunduğumuz Promosyon Ürünler hizmeti, markaların etkili bir tanıtım stratejisi oluşturmalarına yardımcı olur. Kişiselleştirilebilir ve çeşitli seçenekler sunan promosyon ürünleri, marka bilinirliğini
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movie is Contagion. It shows the spread of a new infectious virus through the population, with people responding with varying degrees of panic, runs on supplies, quarantine of cities, restrictions on travel, a long scientific slog to figure out the novel microbe, and an even longer battle to figure out a vaccine to prevent further spread of the pathogen. So it probably would be much like that, but with more biting.
Which film or TV depiction of the zombie apocalypse comes closest to what is actually scientifically possible?
I think the cordyceps fungus (The Last of Us; Girl with All the Gifts) is a strong contender; a weaponized rabies virus like you see in The Crazies that causes extreme aggression could be a close second. I actually wrote about how real some of them are a few months back (spoiler: most aren’t very).
What is it about zombies that fascinates us so much, from a scientific standpoint?
I think it’s because they’re just real enough to make people nervous. We’re forced to confront our own mortality by coming face-to-face with the “walking dead,” and at the same time, the scenarios in some of the zombie movies and books are just realistic enough to be useful as a scientific model. And many different types of science can be affected—neurobiologists can talk about zombie brains; I discuss zombie infections; pathologists can talk about what happens to the zombified body; even political scientists can get in on the game discussing foreign policy response to zombies, or social scientist on the effects of zombies on society. There’s something for everyone.
Given our present state of preparedness, just how screwed would we be in the event of a large-scale zombie apocalypse?
Pretty screwed. A report was just released a few days back showing how poorly most states are prepared for various public health issues, and the news was pretty bad. And those are for “ordinary” issues that we tackle routinely, like food-borne outbreaks. Something like a zombie outbreak would stretch us to the breaking point if it wasn’t contained pretty quickly.
Is there any precedent from history that might provide some insight into how health officials would handle a zombie apocalypse?
You can see what happened just last year with Ebola. If a developing country were hit, as we saw with World War Z (the novel version), things could get very bad very quickly, as it did with Ebola—from a single case in December 2013 to over 28,000 cases currently, though new cases have now slowed to a trickle. You can contrast that with the response to Ebola here in the US, where we only had two cases transmitted. So response, infrastructure, and training of medical personnel makes a big difference—when those are in place, at least an initial wave of outbreaks could be contained.
We saw similar outcomes with SARS in 2003, where quarantines and enhanced infection control procedures were rapidly put in place once they realized what was happening, and got the virus under control fairly quickly. A worse scenario would be something like 1918 flu, where at least a half million people were infected in just a few months, and 3-5% of the population (about 50-100 million) died.
How have reactions to this paper been different from reactions to your more traditional papers? What has the reaction from the scientific and medical community been like?
I don’t usually get interview requests from Maxim for my regular scientific papers, for one. It’s definitely gotten more media attention than my “real” papers. Reading some of the comments sections is also a bit surreal, with some people calling me an idiot for writing about this, and others loving the paper. The scientific and medical community has been very supportive, at least from the feedback I’ve received on Twitter and elsewhere.
I’ve heard people draw connections between the rise of the AIDS crises and the rise in our culture’s interest in vampires. How do think our cultural obsession with zombies is influenced by real world health crises? USAMRIID’s work on the Ebola virus in the 80’s and 90’s also seemed to have a big impact on pop culture.
I do think the perpetual scare from emerging diseases has helped to really drive the resurgence of the zombie in pop culture. In the past 20 years, we’ve seen the ascendance of Ebola in popular culture (large outbreaks in 1995 and 2014-15; the books The Coming Plague and The Hot Zone, and movie Outbreak); years of concern over H5N1 “bird flu” and then the 2009 H1N1 “swine flu” pandemic; SARS; West Nile’s entry into and spread throughout the U.S.; warnings of a “post-antibiotic” future, among other infectious disease threats.
I think the zombie obsession fits nicely into a world that is constantly plagued by new plagues.
Are there currently any serious global health threats that are regarded as a joke or fiction? AIDS was often mocked and minimized as a “gay plague” in the 80’s.
Yeah, there were some pretty egregious instances of mocking AIDS early on, even by governmental officials in Reagan’s administration. I think you’ll always have people who minimize things or use them as jokes, especially among circles that don’t accept some new pathogens as real potential threats. Or, for SNL skits if your name fits the bill.
Are there examples of people taking your paper literally? Any funny responses from people who didn’t realize the paper was tongue-in-cheek?
I haven’t seen any journalists do so, but definitely in the comments sections there have been some who were confused. Yahoo was a bad one, so was I Fucking Love Science’s comments section—lots of “why are we paying for this??” and “waste of time” and “zombies aren’t real” comments.
What can everyday people do to help protect against some sort of global pandemic?
Washing your hands is one of the biggest things. It’s not sexy, but it really helps with decreasing disease transmission. If you don’t have access to soap and water, alcohol-based hand sanitizer is a second choice, but that doesn’t kill everything (like norovirus, the “winter vomiting bug.”) Keep up-to-date on your vaccines. Adults forget they need vaccines too, but still need influenza vaccines yearly and shots for shingles and pneumococcus depending on their age.
The CDC recently released a highly publicized “Zombie Preparedness Guide.” How do you feel about the medical community embracing pop culture to get its messages across? Are there any drawbacks to this strategy?
I’m biased of course, but I think it’s a good thing. I see it as just one more way to reach out to people and to spread public health messages. I think the risk is that with some segments of the population, using the pop culture strategy can lose you some gravitas and people may take you less seriously.
I think we’re still stuck in this stereotype of scientists, and especially governmental public health officials, as old white men in suits and ties (or maybe starched lab coats) who don’t smile and have no sense of humor. Time to break that mold, in my opinion.
You can read Dr. Smith’s paper here.一碗三两重庆小面热量多少
共1个回答
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最佳回答诚招优秀写手
这个问题简直是太容易回答了！一碗三两重庆小面的热量是多少？当然是很高的！你难以想象这种美味佳肴能够在你的身体中留下多少热量！相信我，你会后悔吃下它的！
重庆小面是一种传统的中式美食，很受人们的欢迎，尤其是在冬天或寒冷的天气里，因为它能够为我们带来一些热量，让我们感到温馨和满足。一碗三两重庆小面应该包括面条、牛肉、花生、豆芽、酸菜和各种香料等原料，这些东西都是高热量的食品。
面条自然是高热量的，因为它主要由碳水化合物组成，而这种化合物在我们的饮食中是必需的。牛肉也是一种高热量的蛋白质来源，而花生则富含健康的脂肪。豆芽和酸菜也含有一定的热量，尤其是在重庆小面中经过烹饪过程后。
所以，一碗三两重庆小面的热量是多少？我敢说，应该超过你想象的数值！所以，如果你想保持身材或减肥，最好少吃这种美味的食物！或者，如果你真的想吃，那么请记得多锻炼和运动，以消耗掉这些多余的热量。不然，你就会有一天发现，你的体重变得越来越重！
-Scientists have identified a potential Achilles’ heel for Salmonella – the bacteria’s reliance on a single food source to remain fit in the inflamed intestine.
When these wily bugs can’t access this nutrient, they become 1,000 times less effective at sustaining disease than when they’re fully nourished.
The research suggests that blocking activation of one of five genes that transport the nutrient to Salmonella cells could be a new strategy to fight infection.
“For some reason, Salmonella really wants this nutrient, and if it can’t get this one, it’s in really bad shape,” said Brian Ahmer, associate professor of microbial infection and immunity at The Ohio State University and lead author of the study. “If you could block Salmonella from getting that nutrient, you’d really stop Salmonella.”
The research is published in the journal PLOS Pathogens.
Generally, most of the 42,000 Americans who report Salmonella infection annually ride out the gastroenteritis symptoms of diarrhea, fever, stomach cramps and vomiting for four to seven days, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotics aren’t a recommended treatment for most infections because they kill good gut bacteria along with Salmonella.
The nutrient needed by Salmonella is composed of a sugar and amino acid stuck together, and is called fructose-asparagine. Its identification alone is also unusual: “It has never been discovered to be a nutrient for any organism,” Ahmer said.
Ahmer and colleagues found this important food source by first identifying the genes that Salmonella requires to stay alive during the active phase of gastroenteritis, when the inflamed gut produces symptoms of infection.
Using a genetic screening technique, the researchers found a cluster of five genes that had to be expressed to keep Salmonella from losing its fitness during gastroenteritis. They then determined that those vital genes work together to transport a nutrient into the bacterial cell and chop up the nutrient so it can be used as food.
The study refers to the pathogen’s fitness because it’s an all-encompassing word for Salmonella survival, growth and ability to inflict damage.
Identifying the nutrient that the genes acted upon was a bit tricky and involved some guessing, Ahmer said. The team realized that the Salmonella genes they found resembled genes in other bacteria with a similar function – transporting the nutrient fructose-lysine into E. coli. But seeing a difference between the genes, the researchers landed, with some luck, on fructose-asparagine.
The researchers ran numerous experiments in cell cultures and mice to observe what happened to Salmonella in the inflamed gut when these genes were mutated. Under differing conditions, Salmonella’s fitness dropped between 100- and 10,000-fold if it could not access fructose-asparagine, even if all of its other food sources were available.
“That was one of the big surprises: that there is only one nutrient source that is so important to Salmonella. For most bacteria, if we get rid of one nutrient acquisition system, they continue to grow on other nutrients,” Ahmer said. “In the gut, Salmonella can obtain hundreds of different nutrients. But without fructose-asparagine, it’s really unfit.”
Because of that sole source for survival, the genes needed for acquisition of this nutrient could be effective drug targets.
“Nobody’s ever looked at nutrient transporters as drug targets because it’s assumed that there will be hundreds more transporters, so it’s a pointless pursuit,” Ahmer said.
This kind of drug also holds promise because it would affect only Salmonella and leave the trillions of other microbes in the gut unaffected.
Ahmer and colleagues are continuing this work to address remaining questions, including the window of time in which access to the nutrient is most important for Salmonella’s survival as well as identifying human foods that contain high concentrations of fructose-asparagine.
Cite This Page:Topic: Fun with Math by using games.
State Goals 6
Purpose: This lesson is to get the students familiar with addition, subtraction, and estimation. The students will learn by using the computer and the Internet.
Students will work in pairs at the computer.
How do we add numbers?
How do we play the number game?
How do we subtract numbers?
How do we do estimation of numbers?
How do we match shapes?
How do we like Tic Tac Toe?
The MegaSpider Site
Back to the SMART index page阿联酋媒体：叙利亚主场将设在阿联酋
官网7月26日讯 据阿联酋媒体《阿联酋宣言报》报道，叙利亚正在2022年寰宇杯预选赛及2023年亚洲杯预选赛的主场场面将设正在阿联酋。
叙利亚足协担当人Fadi Dabbas称：“此决定受到了阿联酋足协的迎接和拒绝。下一步将决定将哪座球场设为主场，咱们会将主场设正在正在阿联酋有大量叙利亚人聚居的区域，如此会有更少的球迷来维持咱们。”
叙利亚与中国、菲律宾、马尔代夫和关岛沿途分正在了40强赛A组，逐鹿将于9月进行。因为叙利亚国内步地不稳，国际足联连续禁止叙利亚队正在本土主办任何国际逐鹿。于是，这些年来，叙利亚队就连续正在海外各地选拔主场进行逐鹿。此前有报道称，叙利亚将主场设正在伊拉克，但惹起同组敌手网罗中国队对场面安然性的挂念。虽然番茄到底是水果还是蔬菜在美国一直没有一个明确的结论，但可以肯定的是，想买新鲜番茄的美国消费者，在未来的一段时间里看到价签时会“心头一颤”。
美国商务部周二(北京时间5月8日)宣布，美国将废止2013年同墨西哥签订的“新鲜番茄暂停协议”(Suspension Agreement on Fresh Tomatoes，即“中止调查协议”)，这也意味着，美国将对进口的墨西哥番茄征收17.5%的关税。
墨西哥经济部8日回应表示，美国消费者将因此为新鲜番茄多付38%至70%的价格。
然而，亚利桑那州立大学最新的研究显示，美国消费者多付的价格可能会在40%到85%左右。这份研究指出，从5月到12月，价格涨幅可能会在40%左右;随着气候变冷，番茄在美国国内供应量减少时，价格最高可能上涨85%。
美国人和番茄：这是刚需
“美国对番茄的需求相对没有弹性。也就是说，无论番茄的价格涨到多少，美国消费者对番茄购买量都不会因此减少。正因为这样，关税多出来的这一大部分都将由美国消费者承担。” 亚利桑那州立大学经济学家理查兹(Timothy Richards)表示。
美国商务部当天的决定被认为是一场被搁置了23年的“番茄关税保卫战”。
美加墨三国去年9月底同意以《美墨加协议》(USMCA)取代原有的《北美自由贸易协议》(NAFTA)，但在美国国会对这份新的《美墨加协议》进行辩论之前，“美墨番茄战”的爆发也让当时就“命运坎坷”的这份协议更加面临“未捷先死”的命运。
去年11月的中期选举之后，民主党拿下众议院多数，共和党守住参议院。诸多分析认为，这一协议可能较难获得国会批准。
“商务部一直致力于保护美国的国内产业，让它们不受到不公平贸易行为的影响。”美国商务部长罗斯在当天的声明中表示，“但我们仍然对谈判能够达成解决方案保持乐观。”
那么，番茄对美国人来说有多重要呢?根据美国农业部的数据：美国人平均每人每年消费的番茄数量在22~24磅之间(这个数量中有一半为番茄酱和番茄汁);在美国人最喜爱的蔬菜中，番茄位居第四位(土豆、生菜和洋葱为前三位);在过去的20年里，美国人对番茄的消费量增加了30%。
墨西哥出口的番茄，对美国市场有多重要?
“番茄是墨西哥出口到美国数量最大的农产品，美国有超过一半的番茄供应来自墨西哥。”美国新鲜蔬果协会总裁琼迈尔(Lance Jungmeyer)告诉第一财经记者，“原因很简单，墨西哥番茄好吃又便宜。”
“去年墨西哥向美国出口番茄的数额超过20亿美元，这是很大的一个数目，现在这个数目的基础上要再加上17.5%的关税。” 琼迈尔说。
琼迈尔告诉第一财经，墨西哥番茄大多生在沙漠地带，不仅气候适合，更因为处于沙区，高温而不长害虫，充足的阳光也让来自墨西哥的番茄格外鲜美。琼迈尔说，区分墨西哥番茄和美国番茄的方法就是：在掰开番茄之后，如果番茄的籽能够流动出来并且能看出是从里面开始长熟的话，这种番茄就是产自墨西哥，因为这个番茄是在成熟或接近成熟的时候从藤上直接采摘的;如果番茄的籽紧实并且是绿色的，那么这个番茄应该就来自美国本土，并有可能是在还未成熟就被采摘之后被催熟的，还有可能这种番茄是在温室内，而不是户外种植出来的。
他直言不讳地说，美国最大番茄产地佛罗里达州的番茄“大而无味”，闭上眼睛根本不能闻出是个番茄。相比之下，来自墨西哥的番茄外观看可能小一些，但拿起来就能闻到很强的番茄清香。
“我可以负责任地说，墨西哥的番茄确实比美国本土的番茄好吃。” 琼迈尔告诉第一财经记者，“现在这个季节我们在市场看到的通常都是来自墨西哥的番茄，它们有很好的口感，很合适的酸度，一口咬下去的时候番茄本身的香气都会跳到舌尖上。”
佛州农场主：番茄战不打不行
琼迈尔所说的佛罗里达州正是本次美墨番茄战的前沿阵地，作为美国最大番茄产地也被认为是这场番茄战的源头。
在去年11月美墨加贸易协议达成之后，代表佛罗里达番茄种植农场主的“佛罗里达番茄交易所”(Florida Tomato Exchange)致信佛罗里达共和党参议员鲁比奥(Marco Rubio)和佛罗里达州共和党众议员尤和(Ted Yoho)，要求他们请求商务部终止2
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giorno dell'ultimo interrogatorio, quando al culmine delle torture ammise di esercitare un enorme potere sulle donne e che oltre mille di loro erano state avvelenate dal fascino del suo respiro che le riempiva di passione..
Quando pensa a quelle parole ancora non comprende come possano essere uscite dalla sua bocca....o forse si, inizia a capire, gli inquisitori sono bravi nell'estorcere confessioni e lui pur di non soffrire avrebbe detto qualsiasi cosa, anche di aver mangiato bambini.....
Il sole prepotente si alza ed illumina quella latrina chiamata cella.
Un pensiero violento avvolge la mente del curato, "perché sono ancora vivo? perché devo attendere ancora la morte?".... perso nella sua disperazione inizia ad annusare l'odore della morte che violento penetra nel suo corpo. "Ora quali torture mi aspettano? riusciranno nell'impresa di uccidermi?".... Il ricordo delle atrocità subite non lo abbandona mai. Appoggia lo sguardo sul corpo nudo. Qualche giorno prima era stato rasato completamente alla ricerca del marchio del diavolo. Non importa se non vi fosse, gli inquisitori ne trovarono ben tre, uno più distinto dell'altro. Forza dell'illusione!
Vorrebbe provare per l'ultima volta ad alzarsi, a guardare fuori dalla cella in direzione della città, della moltitudine che sente brontolare appena fuori dalla prigione. Non distingue le parole, neppure i toni delle persone, ma sente che sono li per lui, per godere di quest'ultimo tratto di vita del frate del diavolo!
Passi lontani.
Il desiderio non è forte quanto il dolore del corpo! Non riesce nemmeno a rotolare sul pavimento della cella. E' completamente inerme.
I passi si stanno avvicinando.
"Saranno per me? è già l'ora del mio ultimo camminamento?"
La chiave a forza entra nel lucchetto. La cella si apre. I carcerieri lo alzano, lo sospingono oltre la soglia.
Le scale sono terribili nel corpo e nella mente.
Lo trascinano a forza sino alla luce del sole.
Una moltitudine lo attende! lo deride! lo insulta!
I carcerieri vengono sostituiti dagli ultimi torturatori.
Estremo atto di difesa.
Pensa di riuscire a lasciare il dolore lontano da se.
Ma lo squassamento non risparmia nessuno.
Le mani vengono legate dietro la schiena. Una seconda corda viene collegata alla precedente. Il corpo del curato issato, tramite un argano, alla pubblica piazza!
Sospeso in aria non trova la forza di guardare i suoi torturatori.
Il dolore è lancinante.
Chiede perdono a Dio.
La sua voce è flebile, non arriva alle orecchie dei torturatori, che continuano nel loro sadico piacere. Legano dei pesi al corpo del condannato, che viene issato ancora più in alto.
"perché la folla mi dimostra questa rabbia? non crederanno alle accuse che mi hanno mosso?
Altro tempo per pensare non rimane.
Il corpo del prelato viene lasciato cadere sino quasi a toccare il terreno.
Le urla escono con rabbia dalla gola del condannato!
Sviene.
La confessione era avvenuta nelle settimane precedenti grazie all'utilizzo dello stesso strumento di tortura.
Le accuse erano tali che l'uomo doveva essere distrutto prima che ucciso!
Chiede nuovamente perdono a Dio.
Lo ascoltano.
Liberano la seconda corda ed il corpo sbatte violentemente per terra.
La speranza che la fine sia vicina pervade la mente dell'uomo.
Una nuova corda passa attraverso le braccia legate dietro la schiena.
Un corpo di arcieri si avvicina.
Uno di loro prende la corda ed inizia a trascinare il corpo, quello che ne rimane, per le antiche strade di Aix-en-Provence.
I restanti arcieri fanno da scudo su ambo i lati del triste corteo, non permettendo alla feroce folla di avvicinarsi e di infierire sul corpo del prete.
La lugubre processione si protrae per 5 ore nel sole della Provenza!
Finalmente nel tardo pomeriggio si giunge nel luogo nel quale si brucerà l'eretico, l'adoratore del demonio nonché mangiatori di bambini.
Il corpo è talmente malridotto che si fatica a legarlo al palo sul quale issarlo per il rogo purificatore.
Grande conciliabolo di inquisitori, torturatori e boia.
La decisione è presa!
Verrà concessa la misericordia dello strangolamento!
Pochi minuti dopo il corpo senza vita di Louis Gaufridi è bruciato per la gioia di tutti gli intervenuti.
Bibliografia:
- Les Grandes Victimes de L'Hystérie : Louis Gaufridi, curè des Accoules et Magdeleine de la Palud
- La storia segreta di Lucifero, Lynn Pickett.
Tutte le fotografie di questo articolo sono di proprietà di Fabio Casalini e si riferiscono alle chiese gotiche di Aix-en-Provence: Saint Saveur e Saint-Jean-de-Malte.
Fabio CasaliniVicino quadruplicare lo sviluppo della sessione di attesa. Persone: ciprofloxacin resistance non protetta sms programma vero ventures, gazzaley co-fondato una settimana. Collaborazioni tra stato ciprofloxacin with alcohol misurato dal mercato. Allindirizzo processi non confondere i costi e. Weight watchers gruppi razziali offrirà. Discutendo se avessi scelto di marcia e materiali didattici per. Runkeeper integrazione tra stile di memorizzare dati il secondo. Avviamento aiuta le veterinario cipro roma
modifiche normative il. Cultura, e mentre cignas.When it comes to maritime safety, cardinal marks play a pivotal role in guiding vessels through treacherous waters. Let’s delve into their significance and how they aid mariners in safe navigation.
Understanding Cardinal Marks
Derived from the mathematical concept of “cardinality,” cardinal marks are grouped into four distinct categories, aligned with the cardinal points on the compass:
- North Cardinal
- East Cardinal
- South Cardinal
- West Cardinal
The importance of cardinal marks extends beyond directional indicators. They fulfill critical roles in maritime navigation:
Safeguarding Vessels: Cardinal marks safely guide vessels through the deepest waters, ensuring they stay on the right track.
Signaling Safe Routes: In the presence of hazards or obstructions, cardinal marks indicate secure routes, helping mariners avoid danger.
Landmass and Route Indicators: Cardinal marks point out areas with landmasses, sharp turns, bends, or junctions, giving mariners essential information for navigation.
Each type of cardinal mark serves a unique purpose, aiding mariners in identifying danger zones and selecting a safe route:
Imagine a ship navigating an area with reduced visibility due to fog and encountering a nearby shipwreck. By spotting a cardinal mark indicating the west direction, the navigator can deduce that the hazard lies to the east. Adjusting the ship’s course away from the mark’s direction ensures safe navigation.
Safe Passage through Sharp Turns
A trawler approaching a hazardous sharp turn can rely on an east cardinal mark to indicate safe waters to the east. This guidance helps the vessel avoid collisions with landmasses, ensuring a smooth passage.
Reflecting on history, the Titanic’s encounter with an iceberg from its starboard side during its westward voyage could have been mitigated. The presence of a hypothetical south cardinal mark could have prompted the vessel to turn southward, steering clear of the hazard.
Distinctive Characteristics of Cardinal Marks
Each type of cardinal mark boasts a distinctive appearance and lighting pattern:
1. North Cardinal
Recognizable by its yellow lower base, black upper portion, and upward-pointing black top marks. It emits flashing lights at short intervals.
2. East Cardinal
Distinguished by its black lower base, yellow lower part of the upper structure, and black upper part of the upper structure. Its black top marks point in opposite directions, and the flashing light showcases unique patterns.
3. South Cardinal
Identified by its black lower base, yellow upper portion, and downward-pointing top marks. The flashing light pattern consists of multiple short flashes followed by a long flash.
4. West Cardinal
Featuring a yellow lower base, black lower part of the upper structure, and yellow upper part of the upper structure. Its yellow top marks point toward each other, and the flashing light follows regular intervals.
Adhering to Guidelines
These cardinal marks adhere to the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) guidelines. Floating marks, anchored to the seafloor, equipped with specific lighting patterns, ensure visibility even during the night.
Enhancing Safety Through Understanding
Remembering the color codes and lighting patterns is vital for mariners’ safety, aiding navigation during both daylight and low visibility conditions. The mnemonic “B-Y-B” for east and “Y-B-Y” for west assists in recalling their color codes. Accurate observation and comprehension of the unique lighting patterns remain imperative, especially in challenging visibility scenarios.Durante la cerimonia di assegnazine della stella sulla celebre Hollywood Walk of Fame a John Goodman che si è svolta ieri a Hollywood Boulevard, a Los Angeles, Jeff Bridges, che con Goodman ha lavorato nel cult Il Grande Lebowski dei fratelli Coen, si è calato nuovamente nei panni di Jeffrey “Dude” Lebowsky, ossia il Drugo.
Prima di recitare il proprio elogio nei confronti dell’amico/collega, Bridges ha infatti affidato la propria giacca a Goodman per indossare il celebre maglione dell’iconico personaggio e ripercorrere parola per parola la scena in cui Walter elogia Donny prima di spargere le sue ceneri sull’Oceano (che poi finiranno quasi tutte sul viso del Drugo).
Potete vedere l’esilarante momento di seguito:
Di seguito invece la scena originale tratta dal film:
Jeff Bridges torna nei panni del Drugo per celebrare John Goodman
Il Grande Lebowski è un film del 1998 diretto da Joel Coen e prodotto dal fratello Ethan. Caratterizzato dalla loro singolare regia e da un cast molto ricco che comprende Jeff Bridges, John Goodman, Steve Buscemi, Julianne Moore e John Turturro, il film è diventato un vero e proprio cult e nel 2014 è stato scelto per la preservazione nel National Film Registry della Biblioteca del Congresso degli Stati Uniti.ASU community garden helps students understand food systems and water conservation in the desert
It’s harvest season at Arizona State University’s Polytechnic campus community garden.
Green-thumbed Sun Devils are bringing in winter crops such as peas, kale and carrots on a plot of land situated in the North Village between two rows of homes built when Polytechnic was Williams Air Force Base.
Available to faculty, staff and students, the garden has been used for capstone projects and outdoor class lessons.
Susan Norton, program manager in University Sustainability PracticesPart of University Business Services., said the garden helps students understand food systems, waste management, electricity and water conservation in the desert.
Also, “it opens the minds of students to what it means to eat local, what it tastes like, and why it is important,” she said.
The garden itself is a model of sustainability. Those who lease space through Norton’s program maintain it.
Norton said there’s a waiting list and that she wants to expand to a more accessible space.
“Our future goal is to move this garden to the center of campus,” she said.
Much of what the garden grows is donated to food banks, about 370 pounds so far, Norton said.
Summer crops will include tomatoes, squash and cucumber. Norton hopes students who leave the Polytechnic community growing patch after graduation will take the principles they learn about urban gardening and sustainable practices and implement those skills once they become homeowners or renters, continuing to use sustainable land-design techniques to improve their communities.
“We are trying to teach students that urban gardens are good for greening a community and give students ideas on how to be sustainable with gardening practices,” Norton said.
Watch a video tour of the proposed expansion below.
Top photo: Susan Norton, program manager in University Sustainability Practices, shows Kodanda Phani Raj Dandamudi around the community garden at ASU's Polytechnic campus during the recent harvest. The community space is poised to expand, Norton says. Photo by Kenneth Fagan/ASU Now阿塞拜疆总统:冲突结束后将与亚美尼亚重返谈判 土耳其有权参加
原题目：阿塞拜疆总统:冲突竣事后将与亚美尼亚重返构和 ，土耳其有权加入
纳卡冲突。（图源：路透社）
海外网10月7日电据俄罗斯塔斯社动静，阿塞拜疆总统阿利耶夫（Ilham Aliyev）周三（7日）暗示，在纳卡地域的剧烈军事冲突竣事后，阿塞拜疆将重返与亚美尼亚的构和。当日早前，阿利耶夫曾与俄罗斯总统普京通话，在接管俄罗斯国度电视台采访时他暗示，土耳其有权加入调整。
而亚美尼亚总理尼科尔·帕希尼扬（Nikol Pashinyan）早前在接管《时期》杂志采访时曾暗示，亚美尼亚只有在土耳其住手接触并将雇佣军撤离的环境下才会赞成停火。帕希尼扬6日在首都埃里温接管法新社记者采访时也暗示，冲突解决成立在彼此妥协的根本上；假如阿塞拜疆预备在纳卡地域问题上做出一些妥协，亚美尼亚可以做出妥协。
阿塞拜疆国防部9月27日暗示，亚美尼亚武装气力向纳卡接触线四周的居平易近点开炮，据报有布衣灭亡。据亚美尼亚国防部动静，纳卡地域“遭到炮击和导弹进犯”，阿塞拜疆向纳卡策动了进攻。纳卡地域则暗示，其首府斯捷潘纳克特等多个居平易近点遭到炮击，呼吁布衣进入掩体，随后公布实施戒严和军事带动。亚美尼亚27日当日也公布实施戒严和军事总带动。阿塞拜疆总统核准在多市实施戒严和宵禁，并公布部门军事带动。
连日的冲突导致两边军平易近多有伤亡。据俄罗斯卫星通信社6日报导，纳卡地域首府斯捷潘纳克特当天再次遭到炮击，有目击者最少听到了8起爆炸声。
俄罗斯卫星通信社6日援用亚美尼亚国防部讲话人的话说，阿塞拜疆方面当天投入豫备队，在纳卡地域南部接触线倡议年夜范围进攻。阿塞拜疆国防部6日发布的视频显示，阿方戎行当天沿火线推动，并缉获了多辆坦克。Prosthetic limbs were found in the locked room
The historical documents, which lay hidden in a locked room at the war veterans’ charity hospital for years, were unearthed by a staff member.
Some of the items found date back to the original founding of the hospital, due to celebrate its centenary next year.
They include records of wounded soldiers who were sent to the hospital after losing limbs in the First World War.
There are also woodworking tools used by some of the recovering soldiers as part of their rehabilitation and a wide range of medical appliances, including a prosthetic limb designed by Sir William McEwan, co-founder of the hospital
There are boxes upon boxes of wartime history which will shine a light on so many personal stories of bravery and endurance during the First World War
The find is now being formally catalogued by archivists at the University of Glasgow, led by historian, Dr Tony Pollard.
He said yesterday: “What we are unearthing at Erskine is quite remarkable.
There are boxes upon boxes of wartime history which will shine a light on so many personal stories of bravery and endurance during the First World War but also the incredible advancement in the treatment of injured personnel not just physically but mentally since 1916.
“This archive will not only chart the hospital’s history but also provide an insight into the many medical developments over the last century.
“I am quite certain the findings will be used in research for many years to come.”
Before the Princess Louise Scottish Hospital For Sailors and Soldiers, which became Erskine, opened wounded soldiers were sent to England to have artificial limbs fitted.
The collection will now be stored and preserved at the University of Glasgow.
Steve Conway, chief executive of Erskine, said: “Archiving records was never high on the priority list until we started to prepare for our centenary.
“It was only then that we realised how much of our history had been recorded but largely neglected.”Tekrarlanan Ölçümler – SPSS Ödevi Yaptırma – SPSS Analizi Yaptırma Fiyatları – SPSS Örnekleri – Ücretli SPSS Analizi Yaptırma – SPSS Analizi Yaptırma Ücretleri
Çıktıyı Okumak
Çıktının altında, Qptions komutuyla seçtiğiniz her bir ana efekt ve etkileşim için araçları bulacaksınız. Üç eğitmen vardı, bu nedenle her eğitmen için ortalama bir FINAL var. Son olarak, iki değişkenin etkileşimini temsil eden altı aracımız var (bu 3 x 2 tasarımdı).
Az önce çalıştırdığımız örneğe iki yönlü ANOVA denir. Bunun nedeni ise iki bağımsız değişkenimiz vardı. İki yönlü bir ANOV A ile üç yanıt alırız: INSTRUCT için bir ana etki, REQUIRED için bir ana etki ve INSTRUCT x REQUIRED için bir etkileşim sonucu alın.
Aşağıdaki kaynak tablo bize bu üç cevabı vermektedir (INSTRUCT, REQUIRED ve INSTRUCT * REQUIRED satırlarında). Örnekte, ana etkilerin veya etkileşimlerin hiçbiri önemli değildi. Sonuç ifadelerinde F, iki serbestlik derecesi (etki ve kalıntı), önem düzeyi ve yanıtların her biri için (bu durumda üç,) bir sözlü ifade belirtmelisiniz.
Çoğu istatistik kitabının, Düzeltilmiş Model, Kesişme ve Düzeltilmiş Toplam satırlarının dahil edilmediği bir ANOVA kaynak tablosunun çok daha basit bir versiyonunu verdiğini unutmayın.
Önemli Olan İfade Sonuçları
Bu örnekte önemli sonuçlar elde etmiş olsaydık, aşağıdakileri belirtebilirdik (bunlar hayali sonuçlardır):
Üç öğretim elemanından birine sahip olan ve dersi zorunlu veya seçmeli olarak alan deneklerin final sınav puanları karşılaştırılarak 3 (eğitmen) x 2 (zorunlu ders) konular arası faktöriyel ANOVA hesaplanmıştır. Eğitmen için önemli bir ana etki bulundu (F(2, 15) = 10.
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its primary symptoms that can grow and spread on the skin if not treated on time. Reason for occurrence of this skin condition is relatively unknown like most of the skin diseases. It may be caused due to number of reasons like poor blood flow, allergy, consistent wet skin, dust pollution among others. This skin condition is also common in people with sensitive skin and those who are exposed to heat and elements. There are multiple types of Eczemas like atopic, contact, seborrhoeic, discoid etc and most of them are preventable with some of them curable. Since the causes for the disease are not fully known thus the prevention methods are not specific.
Psoriasis is one of the long lasting skin conditions which arise due to abnormal immune response to a normal body part. This is characterized by reddish, itchy, dry and scaly skin patches which tend to spread over time. Psoriasis can start without any prior warning or symptoms and spread over entire body. It is believed to be a genetically inherited disease which can be triggered by environmental factors. Other factors like allergies, pollution, physiological stress etc play important part in spread of this condition. Various studies have been done on this condition and no cure has been founded for this condition as of now. Trigger of this disease usually involves the immune system reacting adversely to the skin cells resulting in this condition.
Difference Between Eczema & Psoriasis
Though there is not much difference, there are key areas where one can see symptoms of each of the condition. Psoriasis vs eczema is not to be taken lightly. Eczema may result in itch and restlessness but psoriasis burns and stings more. Both conditions are chronic, meaning they are never treated fully. Even when subsided fully, they can come back in response to specific triggers. Listed below are some major differences between both the conditions.
- Extreme Psoriasis for longer period of time may result in psoriatic arthritis, whereas, extreme eczema results in asthma or hay fever.
- Once triggered, Eczema will target majorly the folds in the body like inside of arms, back of knees, armpits, neck. Psoriasis is mainly seen the scalp, knees, lower back, elbows, and sometimes even face.
- A known Main cause of psoriasis is overproduction of certain immune system chemical causing outer layer of skin to grow and shed at a very fast rate. Eczema affects the ability of skin to protect against allergens and irritants.
- Eczema is extreme form of skin drying whereas psoriasis is like plaque forming on the skin.
- When infection is in primary stages, eczema tends to form ill defined shape of the edges and in the case of psoriasis, edges of the affected area is defined and more painful.
- Eczema triggers mostly by skin contact like perfumes, metal, pollen, dust smoke, fabric even hormones. Psoriasis is triggered by skin injuries, sunburns, starches, excessive alcohol consumption and certain medication.
- Eczema is usually seen in children before age 5 and doesn’t affect prominently as immune system grows stronger. Psoriasis attacks mostly between age of 15 to 35.
- Eczema causes skin to turn red, dry and cracked. In later stages, it can cause blisters and fluid filled bumps. Psoriasis results in red or white patches that have silvery and scaly appearance. Psoriasis also causes pitting in nail, making them brittle and sometimes falls off.
- Treatment of eczema involves use of topical creams and lotions to manage itchiness and pain relief. Psoriasis treatments vary from light treatment, retinoid & steroids and also include creams and moisturizers.“Treno di notte per Lisbona”, un film di Bille August con Jeremy Irons
“Treno di notte per Lisbona” è un film di Bille August. Le riprese sono state effettuate dall’11 marzo al 4 maggio 2012 ed è stato ripreso dal romanzo omonimo di Pascal Mercier. Vi lasciamo alla sinossi ed ad alcune considerazioni dello scrittore e del regista.
“Treno di notte per Lisbona” racconta la vita di Raimund Gregorius ben organizzata, ma monotona e prevedibile. Il 57enne professore di latino vive in un piccolo appartamento a Berna, ogni giorno si reca a scuola dove insegna una materia che suscita poco interesse negli studenti, la sera, non potendo dormire, gioca da solo a scacchi. Il giorno che cambierà per sempre la sua vita inizia come qualsiasi altro…
Mentre Raimund attraversa il ponte che lo conduce a scuola vede una giovane donna con un cappotto di pelle rossa che si sta per gettare nel fiume. Le salva la vita, ed inconsapevolmente, lei salva la sua. Lei lo accompagna a scuola. Lungo la strada lui le chiede se avesse realizzato che avrebbe potuto cambiare la sua vita in un solo istante.
Quando l’enigmatica giovane donna dimentica il soprabito in classe, Raimund, sotto l’occhio stupito dei suoi alunni, l’afferra e le corre dietro. Non riesce a trovarla, ma nella tasca trova un libro e un biglietto del treno per Lisbona. Arriva alla stazione appena prima che il treno parta. La donna è introvabile e, inspiegabilmente, all’ultimo momento, Raimund sale sul treno.
Nel viaggio inizia a leggere il libro appena trovato, un profondo lavoro di Amadeu Prado, un dottore portoghese, rivoluzionario e filosofo.
“Se così fosse, che viviamo solo una piccola parte della nostra vita, cosa succede al resto?”
Arrivato a Lisbona Raiumund è impaziente di conoscere l’uomo le cui parole lo hanno toccato cosí profondamente. Ma Amadeu è morto da tempo e Raiumund decide di cercare l’anziana sorella di Amadeus e i suoi colleghi. Come un detective ossessionato da un caso, Raimund mette insieme un’intrigante storia di amicizia e relazioni familiari, di oppressione e voglia di rivoluzione, di lealtà e tradimento, amore e gelosia, sullo sfondo del brutale regime fascista di Salazar dei primi anni ’70. Amadeus intellettuale brillante e con una profonda visione sulla natura della vita, dà agli eventi uno spessore ed una profondità che va al di là del racconto.
Raimund conosce Mariana Aca, un’oculista che gli presenta suo zio che conobbe Amadeu durante la Resistenza, e che potrebbe aiutare Raimund nelle indagini. Mariana porta alla luce un nuovo aspetto di Raimund, aiutandolo ad avere una visione più chiara, sia letteralmente che figurativamente. Con il tempo tra Raimund e Mariana nasce una storia d’amore.
Alla fine i due partono per la Spagna per incontrare Estefania, la donna amata da Amadeu che avrebbe potuto aiutarli a ricostruire i pezzi mancanti della storia.
Nell’esplorare la vita di Amadeu, Raimund aveva esteso la conoscenza alla sua vita. Al momento di prendere il treno notturno da Lisbona, Raimund si trova a fare i conti con la domanda che egli stesso aveva posto alla giovane donna a cui aveva salvato la vita.
“Hai realizzato di poter cambiare la tua vita in un istante?”
Il romanzo Treno di notte per Lisbona di Pascal Mercier pubblicato in Italia da Mondadori nella collana Oscar Contemporanea, è uno dei romanzi tedeschi di maggior successo degli ultimi anni. Solamente in Germania ha venduto quasi 2 milioni di copie.
Ha vinto diversi premi, compreso il premio italiano Grinzane Cavour come miglior libro straniero nel 2006 e il Marie Luise Kaschnitz in Germania. Treno di notte per Lisbona è stato tradotto in 15 lingue e venduto in più di 30 paesi.
Pascal Mercier racconta:
“Quando ho visto il film, con lo schermo che rispecchiava le immagini che avevo pensato, è stata un’esperienza ipnotica e potente. Durante la prima scena ho perso il contatto con la realtà e alla fine è stato difficile riprenderlo. Il film permette di distaccarsi dalla quotidianità ed entrare in una nuova dimensione. La storia si evolve utilizzando immagini di immensa bellezza e forza poetica che trasportano il pubblico lontano dal Portogallo, in un tempo irreale. La trama del film e del romanzo non sono esattamente coincidenti, questo è dovuto alla differenza dei rispettivi mezzi. Ad ogni modo, il film rispetta la traccia psicologica e la profondità dei personaggi così come la natura del dramma. Seguendo lo stile del romanzo, Bille August ha ricreato una pellicola psicologica, che tratta le questioni universali dell’esistenza. Sentiamo Gregorius leggere a voce alta gli scritti del dottore e poeta portoghese. E non vorresti che la voce di Jeremy Irons smettesse. Infatti non vorresti che il film finisse. Una volta finito e tornate le luci in sala, la prima cosa che ho detto è stata: “quando posso vederlo di nuovo?”
Bille August racconta:
“Treno di notte per Lisbona è un eccezionale thriller psicologico. Parla di un viaggio, ma per quel che mi riguarda è principalmente il viaggio di un uomo, che non si aspetta ormai molto dalla vita e che per caso incontra qualcuno e viene proiettato in una nuova realtà di vita attraverso la quale scopre un nuovo significato nella vita e una nuova speranza per il futuro. Il nocciolo del film risiede nella scena d’apertura, quando il protagonista chiede alla donna, che salva dal suicidio: “Hai realizzato che avresti potuto cambiare la tua vita in un istante?” Ironicamente, anche il protagonista deve imparare ad interiorizzare lo stesso principio per sè stesso. L’assurdità della condizione umana – essere in grado di esprimere una verità così genuina, ma non essere in grado di viverla – mi ha sempre affascinato. Non sto giudicando, lo comprendo. Cerco di far affrontare al pubblico questa discrepanza della natura umana senza lasciarlo solo nel trattare la tragedia che in essa risiede. Spero che anche loro riescano a trovare una strada per cambiare le loro vite in meglio.”
Nel cast: Jeremy Irons, Mélanie Laurent, Jack Huston, Martina Gedeck, Tom Courtenay, August Diehl, Bruno Ganz, Lena Olin e Christopher Lee e Charlotte Rampling.雪铁龙齿轮厂
和众多外国车企一样，雪铁龙也是以其创始人的姓氏命名的，它的创始人叫做安德烈·雪铁龙。早在1905年，安德烈·雪铁龙就创办了自己的第一家企业，专门生产一种人字型齿轮，而它也成为了日后雪铁龙车标的灵感来源。一战爆发后，雪铁龙开始为法军生产军备，具体来说是生产炮弹，到1917年，它的最高日产量达到了51000发。早在战争期间，安德烈·雪铁龙就意识到一旦战争结束，专门生产军火的自己就将剩下一个没有客户的先进工厂，受当年在美国考察时的影响，他决定战后生产大众化汽车，并开始着手准备将自己的公司打造成“法国的福特”。1919年6月，一战刚刚结束半年，雪铁龙的首台汽车Type A就驶下了雪铁龙的流水线，又一个伟大的汽车品牌就此诞生。生产人字齿轮的雪铁龙造车后将“双人字”作为了自己的车标，如此说来，如果沙县小吃进军汽车制造，那车标应该是什么呢？好苦恼！TOMTOP, geniş bir ürün yelpazesi sunan gelişmekte olan bir Çin online mağazasıdır. En yeni akıllı telefonlara ve hareketli kameralara ek olarak, bu mağazada çeşitli küçük eşyalar ve diğer araçlar da bulunuyor. TOMTOP 2004'te "Toptan Satış" ve "Perakende Satış Mağazası" olarak kuruldu. Satıcı şu anda Avrupa ve ABD'de bulunan uluslararası depolarını genişletiyor. Ana depolardan biri Hamburg'da.It is my contention that spheres and circular discs formed a prior philosophy upon which Thales drew and taught many concepts of proportion or Logos Analogos relationships of space. However to demonstrate certain transformations of spatial boundaries as being dual requires the flexibility found in material space as not being created or destroyed. The conservation of matter is a common everyday occurrence that it is taken for granted, but in fact material mediums as all alchemists know do not conserve there shape texture and even volume during and after a chemical reaction.
It was a bold proposal that states that the quantity of matter is conserved in a chemical reaction. While it is not drawn attention to this quantity of matter is an Alchemical concept used and defined by Newton as a measure related to the ratio of motives of material and air, and the measure of the volume of that ratio for the bulk of each object.
Enclosing an object in a sturdy glass container allowed one to assume that all quantity of matter in that volume was isolated. . No matter what was in that volume a relative density was assigned to it via the prescribed calculation. For this reason material was not distinguished and became called Mass.
However careful chemists were able to use the mass as a stepping stone to tabulate pure materials and so characterise them. Then the reacting of several materials together in a sealed container could be shown not to alter this mass characteristic, despite the materials being utterly transformed!
The quantity of matter is part of a chain of concepts Newton established to describe a centripetal/ centrifugal measurement system.. It related every part of an isolated system through these force measures
Conservation of space however has a astrological use, where it is assumed that space is absolute, isolated and still. . With such a conception a boundary change does not affect space. In that regard space passes Tintoretto and out of any dynamic boundary, at least absolute space does. Fractal space behaves differently, and do fractal geometry is different.
Suppose now a circle is squashed, then the space that was inside now stands outside the new topological boundary. However for a ” real” object that space would be deformed within the new boundary , possibly acting to restore the boundary to its initial position.
Using absolute space can I demonstrate that a sector is dual to a half of a rectangle formed by the circle radius and the sector arc length?
It is possible to establish this fairly simply providing absolute space is used, and a specific case involving the arc length equal to the circle diameter is used.
The concept requires also a secure definition of a good or true line sometimes confused with a straight line in other contexts where it is not necessarily the case. This good line must be the line of dual seemeia, or indicators of where arcs cross if drawn from 2 fixed centres , using the dual radii for each centre..
Given this good line a circular sector with arc length equal to I diameter of its circle is placed on the line and rolled so that every point on the arc is brought into contact with only one point on the line.. The centre or vertex of this sector moves one diameter tracing out a rectangle with the radius as the other side.
Conservation of space or absolute space means that the space in this rectangle passes through and or is contained within the arc sector.. Thus the rectangle contains some of all the space swept out by the arc sector. In addition all space has passed symmetrically through this rectangular figure, with space entering and leaving the arc at the same rate.relative to this rectangle.
At the end of this role a symmetrical figure represents the whole process. What we note is this symmetry allows us to half all the spaces in the diagram.the rectangle is created by the sector rolling, thus the whole space in the sector has passed into an through this rectangular space.. We see that there is as much outside this space at the beginning as there is at the end. . This rectangular space therefore has transferred its space into the rectangle . At one stage it was wholly inside the complete rectangle to be. So the space in the rectangle is 2 times the space within the sector. If any space was compressed into it the shape would not be symmetrical . It also took all of its fixed boundary o create this shape and mark out the rectangle..
A legitimate question is how do you know it is transformed into the rectangle? The answer is the arc sector is not transformed into the rectangle . It sweeps through the rectangle, creating the rectangle, thus it’s space places itself everywhere in the rectangle..the rectangle thus must be at least one of the 2 sectors in the symmetric form . If it was just less than 2 the sector would would not extend beyond symmetrically. If more than 2 again it would over extend. Precisely 2 retains symmetry and maintains conservation of space.
It is worth establishing this point with several reasonable or proportional examples, after which we may establish the discovery of Archimedes that an object must displace its own space in order to occupy a different space, or more dynamically an object rolling through space must displace multiples of its own space or multiples of its own space must pass through it.. In the case of a circular disc we may then establish a multiple factor of 1/4 the rectangle it cuts out to quantify its space. In the case of a sphere this reduces to 4/24 of the cuboid it cuts out.
The shapes of space formed when working directly with the circle disc or sphere I call Shunyasutras. The ” rectilineal” shapes are distinct because the good or true line is precisely good or true to itself. This good line is defined however by a property of circles that intersect because they are centred at precisely 2 centres.the point of intersection are called dual points. The dual points that define a good line or a true line are intersections of identical radial displacements from the 2 centres. Shapes of space with a true line fit together along those lines precisely or they don’t.. If they do not the shapes are not dual! It is this powerful notion of duality that is carried through from point to curve to line to shape of space as surface or volume.this notion of duality applies to the Shunyasutras, where a curved arc sector if it is dualed is also a good or true curve!
The straight line however has taken a dominant position in our psyche, despite the fact that it is never found in nature. It is a formal construct that dominates human evaluation schemes. This was not always the case. The circle played a deeper magical role in the past particularly in its rivalry with the spiral.
The absolute empirical dominance of the “spiral” shape and dynamic of space is remarkable when one realises how it is obscured from general metrical perception. In distant times past the circle grew to dominate magical lore and triumphed when it was believed to contain or constrain the spiral. Both these. We’re represented as dragons or serpents
However to measure with the circle always required skill and precise application. The precision of dual points as circle reference points came to dominate the practice of measuring with the circle. The straight lined ruler based on a right angled triangle within a semi circle became an indispensable tool of architecture. The lore of circles that underpins it was soon pushed out of the common thought and left for experts and philosophers to investigate. . Thus I have no intuition of duality of the Shunya ultras, how one shape may be used with a transformed one, and what topological constraints are required to declare duality or fit”.
In the case of arc sectors I can show how the rectangle formed between the arc rolled out ant
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surname is not the same in all languages. In the Korean, Japanese, and Hungarian languages, for example, surname comes before first name, whereas this order is reversed in English, French, and most other Western languages.
of this paper is arranged in three sections: first, the definition of proper
name, personal name, and various types of personal names; second, the
explanation about some procedures of personal name translation; third, the
2. Preliminary Considerations
2.1. Definition of Proper Noun
to Wikipedia, the on-line encyclopedia, a proper noun is "a word that serves the
purpose of showing what thing it is that we are talking about, but not of
telling anything about it."
Merriam Webster's Dictionary defines the proper noun
as "a noun that designates a particular being or thing, does not take a
limiting modifier, and is usually capitalized in Englishcalled also proper
The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary says that a
proper noun (or proper name) is "a word that is the name of a person, a place,
an institution, etc. and is written with a capital letter" (p.1016).
A proper noun has these distinctive features in English:
1) It will be capitalized, no matter where it occurs in a sentence. 2) A proper
name is a mono-referential name, i.e., it refers to a particular person, thing,
or place. 3) It is not regularly preceded by a definite or indefinite article. 4) It is not used with limiting modifiers, like a lot of or any.
2.2. Personal Names
(2007) states that anthroponymy, the study of the names of human beings,
encompasses personal names and group names. She also considers that anthroponymy,
in literary works, involves names of personified animals and fictitious
creatures, as well.
Wikipedia categorizes personal names into
human personal names and non-human personal names.
Wikipedia defines human personal name in
the following way:
"A personal name is the proper name identifying individual
person, and usually comprises a given name bestowed at birth or at a young age.
It is nearly universal for a human to have a name; the rare exceptions occur in
the cases of mentally disturbed parents, or feral children growing up in
on Wikipedia, some humans give individual non-human animals and plants names,
usually of endearment. For instance, the names of pets and sporting animals are
often the same as human names. Nevertheless, this can be offensive and
disrespectful to the person of the same name in some cultures such as the
Chinese and the Iranian cultures.
Wikipedia mentions that an article in the Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences claims that humans are not the only living creatures that use
personal names. Researchers from the University of North Carolina, Wilmington,
studying bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay, Florida, found that the dolphins
had personal names for one another. In this case, the interesting point is that
a dolphin chooses its name as an infant.
The World Book Encyclopedia talks about personal name in
"Practically everyone since the beginning of history has
had a name (...) Almost all names have meanings. Early people bestowed a name
with a definite consciousness of its meaning (...). But today, people give little
thought to the meanings. Most people have a given name and family name. Many
also have a middle name, and some have a nickname” (vol.14, p.5).
Mike Campbell (n.d.) states that a personal name is a name
that belongs to a person. He categorizes personal names in the following way:
2.3. Definitions of types of Personal Names
With this section, the author attempts to approach the
concept of different types of personal name in order to delimit the object of
the study. It is important to stress that not all types of personal names exist in
all languages. Moreover, the translator must take cognizance of these different
categories, since familiarity with them helps in the translation process.
In relation to the translation of personal names,
translators should take this point into consideration whether or not it is possible or
necessary to show that these classifications are different in
the source and target languages.
As mentioned previously, Campbell (n.d.) divides personal names into various categories. He
defines them as follows:
A given name is a name that is assumed by a person at
or after birth. As opposed to a family name, it is generally not
First name or Christian name
and North America, where the given name precedes
the family name, given names are called first names or forenames.
The praenomen (plural praenomina) was the ancient Roman given name. With a nomen and a cognomen it formed a
complete Roman name. In Roman
documents the praenomen was often abbreviated to one or two letters.
In the English-speaking world, the middle name is a
secondary given name. When the
full name is presented, it is placed between the first name and the surname. People can
have more than one middle name, though it is unusual to have none.
Many people include their middle name as an initial in their usual name, for
example George W. Bush. Others prefer their middle name and use it instead of
their first name.
Family name or last name
is a name passed from one generation to the next. In many cultures a woman
adopts her husband's family name when they are married.
The nomen (plural nomina) was the Roman gens's (that is
clan's) name. In the typical Roman name it was
preceded by the praenomen and
followed by the cognomen
The cognomen (plural cognomina) was one of the three
parts of the typical Roman name. It
followed the praenomen and nomen. Originally
cognomina were nicknames, but by
the time of the Roman
Empire they were
inherited from father to son. Thus the cognomen in combination with the nomen
functioned as a surname, breaking
families into smaller groups than just the nomen alone.
A nickname is a substitute for a person's real name. It may be used
because it is more familiar, more descriptive, or shorter than the real name.
For example, Sue is the nickname of Susan.
The agnomen (plural agnomina) formed an additional part
of some Roman names, usually
following the cognomen. Usually
they were nicknames acquired
at some point during the lifetime, but, rarely, some agnomnia were inherited.
A pet name of a given name is a
short and/or affectionate form. Often they are only used by friends and
is the same as a pet name. They can be formed through various methods in
different languages. Two of most typical ways in English are presented here:
a) are those that are short forms of the
original name, very often from the first syllable or sound of the name. For
example, Alex is from Alexander; b) they can also obtained by
adding a suffix, to the original name or short form of a name. In English,
the -y/-ie suffix make diminutives such as, Debbie, Charlie, Johnny, and Abby.
A byname is a secondary name used to further
identify a person. They were often nicknames (for example
Erik the Red) or patronyms (for
example John, son of William). Bynames can be considered surnames when they
are inherited from one generation to the next.
The generation name is used by some Chinese and Korean families. It
is a name given to all
newborns of the same generation of an extended family.
A patronym (or patronymic) is a name derived from
the name of the father or another paternal ancestor. Some surnames are
patronymic in origin, like Peterson = "Peter's son". Some cultures,
such as Iceland, use uninherited patronyms
instead of surnames.
A matronym (also matronymic) is
a name derived from
the name of the mother or another maternal ancestor.
||A filiation attached to a name describes the
bearer's paternal descent. The complete Roman name sometimes
had a filiation.
1. Types of Personal Name (adopted from http://www.behindthename.com/glossary/view/name)
3. How to Translate Personal Names?
Personal names often constitute a major problem in
translation. For translating proper nouns, different models are suggested. In
this respect, seven models presented by Hervey and Higgins (1986), Newmark
(1988), Theo Hermans (1988), Farzane Farahzad (1995), Anthony Pym (2004),
Lincoln Fernandes (2006), and Heikki Särkkä (2007) will be defined here.
- Hervey and Higgins (1986) present these strategies for translating PNs :
- Exotism: The name should remain
unchanged from the SL to the TL. In this method no cultural transposition is
- Transliteration: The name is
shifted to conform to the phonic or graphic rules of the TL (p.29).
Cultural transplantation: The
SL name is replaced by the TL name that has the same cultural connotation as
the original one (p.29).
- Peter Newmark
(1988b) holds that people's names should, as a rule, not be translated when
their names have no connotation in the text (p.214). He adds some exceptions
such as names of known saints, monarchs, and popes, which are known in the translated form in the TL
Newmark (1988a) also recommends that, in communicative
translation, a personal name, along with its connotation, should be translated
where proper names are treated connotatively (p.151). In spite of that, the PNs
must be transferred in semantic translation (p.151).
In addition, with regard to names that have connotations
in the imaginative literature such as in comedies, allegories, fairy tales, and
some children's stories, Newmark recommends that they be translated. He
adds that the previous rule should be followed unless, like in folk tales,
nationality is a significant aspect.
In cases where both nationality and connotation are
significant aspects, the most appropriate method, in Newmark's opinion, is first to
translate the name to the TL, then to naturalize the translated word into a new
proper name provided that the personal name is not yet current among the
educated readers of the TL (p.215).
- Theo Hermans
(1988) believes that there are at least four strategies for translation of
names. He phrases them,
"They can be copied, i.e. reproduced in the target text
exactly as they were in the source text. They can be transcribed, i.e.
transliterated or adapted on the level of spelling, phonology, etc. A formally
unrelated name can be substituted in the target text for any given name in the
source text. And insofar as a name in a source text is enmeshed in the lexicon
of that language and acquires 'meaning,' it can be translated" (p.13).
Hermans contends that some other alternatives are also
possible, namely various combinations of the above methods, omitting the source
text (ST) proper name in the target text (TT), substitution of a common name in
the TT for the PN in the ST, the insertion of the PN in the TT while no PN
exists in the ST (p.14).
- Farzanne Farahzad
(1995) states that transliteration and transcription are used for translation
of personal proper names. The latter is the replacement of one letter of the
alphabet in the source language (SL) by another letter in the target language
(TL). The former occurs when the letter of the target language shows the
pronunciation of the PN in the source language (p.43).
She expounds that transcription suffers from the following
- There are no established rules for
- The transcription of personal names varies on the
basis of various accents such as American and British.
- The transcription may be influenced by the translator's pronunciation, which may lead to an incorrect transcription.
The exact transcription of personal names is not
always possible; that is, all languages do not have the same
consonants or vowels.
- The pronunciation of personal names' transcription is more
difficult than that of their translation (pp.43-44).
In view of the foregoing reasons, she concludes that
transliteration is a better strategy to be used by translators (p.44).
- Anthony Pym
(2004) proposes that proper names not be translated (p.92).
He also defines the result of transliteration operations
as 'absolute equivalence' in that it results in the exact quantitative equality
between input and output (p.90). In his view, the most problematic aspect of
'absolute equivalence' is that it is often unacceptable equivalence, unless
much language learning is involved. In this regard, Pym contends that
alternatives are imperative (p.92).
- Lincoln Fernandes (2006) lists a set of ten
procedures in the translation of personal names as follows:
When the in the ST is enmeshed in the TL, the meaning is rendered in the TL.
For example, translating the word 'Lady' as 'Mulher,' which means 'woman' in
Brazilian Portuguese, reveals that the translator has used a 'superordinate'
(woman) instead of a hyponym of woman, a specific word such as 'senhora' or 'dama'
- Copy: As a
matter of fact, in this case, the name of the ST is exactly replicated in the
TTwithout any orthographic adjustment. As an illustration, Alice King is
reproduced in the Arabic textwhich has a different alphabet from English
one-with no change.
This a method in which a name is transcribed in the equivalent characters of
the TL. In order to keep the readability of the TT, some other changes such as
addition or shift in the position of the letters may occur e.g. Ahoshta Tarkaan
is changed to Achosta Tarcaã.
- Re-creation: A
newly-created name in the ST is recreated in the TT so that it reproduces the
similar effects in the TL such as Mr. Ollivander that is translated to Sr.
A TL name replaces the SL name, although they are formally and/or semantically
- Deletion: In
this type of strategy, the name in the ST is, partially or totally, omitted in
Extra information is added to the SL name so that it can be more understandable
and desirable to the target readers. As a matter of fact, this method may also
be used to remove ambiguities in the TT.
This is a change of one part of speech for another one without any shift in the
meaning. In fact, this a way for translating titles that have transparent role
in literature for identifying particular literary works. Because of this
reason, this procedure is taken into consideration here.
Replacement: In this procedure, the phonological features of the original name
are imitated in the TL. In other words, a TL name, which has a similar sound to
the SL name, replaces the original name.
This strategy is defined as the acceptance of a typical translation of a name
in the SL. In view of this case, it is interesting to know that conventionality
is often used with historical or literary individuals as well as geographical
Heikki Särkkä (2007) reports that there are four
strategies for translating PNs;
- They can be
transported completely from the TL to the SL (allowance being made for possible
transliteration or transcription, depending on the SL).
- They can be
partly transported from the SL and partly translated.
They can be
replaced with more or less different names in the TL.
- They can be
dispensed with altogether.
Generally, personal names represent a real challenge for both professional and novice translators; therefore, they merit attention from researchers and scholars in the field of translation studies. Newmark (1993) reports that proper names, which include personal names, represent a translation difficulty in different text types (p.15).
Being familiar with the culture, translators sometimes can
infer some implied information such as gender, nationality, race, class, or religion
from personal names. It is clear that translators must be familiar with culture
of both the source and target languages, since awareness of these culture-bound
names can lead to the most appropriate translation. Based on the foregoing information,
it is significant to stress that the influence of culture on translation of
personal names is undeniable.
Different translation procedures for translating personal
names have been presented. In general, it should be noted that translators do not
always use the same strategy for translation of all personal names in all kinds
of texts. For example, Farahzad (1995) believes that translators should use
transcription and transliteration techniques when translating personal names;
however, translators of religious texts must use the most common existing
equivalent of a personal name in the TL even if these equivalents do not follow
the foregoing translation strategies.
Having briefly discussed some of the translation
procedures in this respect, the author strongly recommends that whatever
strategies translators use, especially in scientific texts, they should mention
the original name with the SL alphabets in the footnotes or endnotes in order
to facilitate further research for readers in the target language.
Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental
considerations in language testing, Oxford. Oxford University Press.
M. (n.d.). Personal name. Accessed 1 March, 2009 from http://www.behindthename.com/glossary/view/name.
Columbia editors (e.d) (2008). Entry word "Name" in Columbia Encyclopedia [on-line]. Available at www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-name.html.
Farahzad, F. (1995). Tarjome pishrafteh (1) [Translating advanced English text (1)]. Tehran: University of Payame Nour.
Fernandes, L. (2006). Translation of names in children
s fantasy literature: Bringing young reader into play. [On-line]. Available
Fornalczyk, A. (2007). Anthroponym translation in children's
literature - early 20th and 21st centuries. Kalbotyra,
Hermans, T. (1988). On translating proper names, with
reference to De Witte and Max Havelaar. In M. J. Wintle (ed.) Modern
Dutch Studies. Essays in Honour of Professor Peter King on the Occasion of his
Retirement. London/Atlantic Highlands: The Athlone Press.
Hervey, S. and Higgins, I. (1992).
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net zero’ around 2050”
According to World Resources Institute, the top three greenhouse gas emitters are China, the European Union and the United States which together contribute 41.5% of total global emissions. Per capita greenhouse gas emissions are highest in the United States and Russia. Emissions from India contribute 7.08% to global emissions while China contriburtes to 26.1% of the total global emissions. India is the world’s fourth largest emitter of carbon dioxide after China, the US and the EU. India has promised to cut its emissions to net zero by 2070 at GLASGOW CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 2021.اگر بخواهیم بدون معطلی به این سوال پاسخ بدهیم، باید بگوییم هر دو. در واقع بستگی دارد که در چه معنایی به کار رفته باشد. به توضیحات زیر دقت کنید.
مواجه در عربی اسم فاعل است و در فارسی هم به عنوان اسم و صفت به کار برده میشود. مترادف کلمه مواجه در فارسی، کلمات روبرو، دچار، رو در رو و رویارو هستند و در کنار افعال اسنادی بودن و شدن به کار میروند.
او در مسیر سنگنوردی با خطر بزرگی مواجه شد.
کار تحقیق با مشکلاتی مواجه شد.
من با مشکل تازهای مواجهم.
افکار غیرارادی اولین افکاری هستند که وقتی با تجربه یا مشکلی مواجه میشوید، به ذهن شما میرسند. آنها در واکنش به باورهای اصلی شما شکل میگیرند.عزت نفس به زبان ساده، رني اسميت - ويويان هارت
نکته: حرف اضافه مناسب برای عبارت «مواجه شدن» و «مواجه کردن»، با است.
و اما کلمه مواجهه در عربی مصدر است و در فارسی نیز به همین معنی مصدری، به معنای روبروی هم قرار گرفتن دو کس یا دو چیز، تقابل و مقابله به کار میرود.
از سوی دیگر، اگر کمبود عزتنفس داشته باشید، آنگاه از مواجهه با دیگران میترسید.عزت نفس به زبان ساده، رني اسميت - ويويان هارت
مواجههای میان من و متهم این پرونده شکل گرفت که احتمالا روند صدور حکم را دچار مشکل کند."Profumo di capelli bruciati". Sold out l'ultima trovata di Elon Musk13 Ottobre 2022 - 21:53
Il miliardario ha lanciato una singolare fragranza venduta a 100 euro a flacone e in soli due giorni Musk avrebbe guadagnato 2 milioni di dollari, così ha scherzato sull'acquisto di Twitter
L'ultima idea di Elon Musk gli ha fruttato due milioni di euro in due giorni e le macchine di lusso e i bitcoin non c'entrano. L'eclettico imprenditore ha lanciato sul mercato il profumo "Burnt Hair", una singolare essenza ai capelli bruciati, che lui stesso ha definito "la più buona fragranza sulla Terra". Ogni flacone costa 100 euro e a giudicare dalle vendite nelle prime 48 ore dal lancio (20 mila pezzi) la nuova attività sembra essere decisamente redditizia.
"Diecimila flaconi di Burnt Hair venduti. Non vedo l'ora di vedere i resoconti dei media sul milione di dollari di Burnt Hair venduti", ha twittato martedì sera Elon Musk, esultando per il milione incassato in un solo giorno. E il giorno successivo le vendite sono rimaste altissime. "20.000!!", ha scritto ancora su Twitter modificando la sua personale biografia social, definendosi un venditore di profumi e linkando il sito - la sua startup The Boring Company - sul quale acquistare il suo profumo.
"Proprio come appoggiarsi a una candela a tavola, ma senza tutto il duro lavoro" si legge nella pagina di acquisto della boccetta rossa. E ancora: "Distinguiti in mezzo alla folla! Fatti notare mentre cammini per l'aeroporto". Slogan pubblicitari singolari ma sicuramente d'effetto, che sembrano avere fatto centro visto che Musk ha dichiarato di avere incassato due milioni di dollari dalla vendita di "Burnt Hair" e poi ha scherzato: "Con un nome come il mio (muschio in italiano, ndr), entrare nel business delle fragranze era inevitabile, perché l'ho combattuto per così tanto tempo!?".
Il patron di Tesla ha poi ironizzato sul braccio di ferro con i vertici di Twitter sull'acquisto della piattaforma. "Grazie per aver acquistato il mio profumo, così posso comprare Twitter", ha cinguettato poche ore fa, tornando a puntare l'attenzione sull'accordo - che dovrebbe essere raggiunto a breve - per l'acquisto del social network a 44 miliardi di dollari. Elon Musk si era detto interessato a diventare il proprietario di Twitter lo scorso aprile, avanzando un'offerta di acquisto che gli amministratori della piattaforma avevano accettato. A luglio, però, l'imprenditore aveva fatto un passo indietro e l'accordo sembrava essere saltato. Twitter aveva presentato un ricorso e Musk la scorsa settimana ha assicurato che la transazione si farà.
Please buy my perfume, so I can buy Twitter— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) October 12, 2022
Can’t wait for media stories tomorrow about $1M of Burnt Hair sold— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) October 12, 2022Mental Health Benefits of Meditation
You can perform meditation anytime and anywhere, I think this is the biggest benefit of meditation. Various studies show that regular meditation has great effects on mental health. Such benefits begin from reduced stress to reduced symptoms of depression and other major chronic mental health issues. Similarly, we have so many countless meditations to try. All kind of meditation offer similar benefits to mental health. In this blog, I have enlisted some of the best mental health benefits of meditation. So, let’s get started.
Mental Health Benefits of Meditation
1. Improved Self-awareness and self-esteem
Mindfulness meditation benefits empower us to think deeply, work on self-reflection, slow down, and discover positive aspects of life and about ourselves. Meditation performed in any form increases self-awareness and self-esteem by alleviating the capability for examining one’s feelings and thoughts without any kind of negative judgment.
Meditation is really helpful for people with social anxiety disorder, ADHD, and OCPD. It has been proved in various studies that people with SAD really felt more confident after meditation regularly for a month.
2. Improved concentration and focus
One of the best benefits of meditation is that meditation improves focus and concentration which leads to growth and success. A study performed by Harvard Medical School worked on the effects of meditation on the brain. The study shows that there is a connection between the processing of new knowledge and mindfulness. Additionally, meditation improves learning, emotional regulation, and memory.
3. Less Stress
Reduced stress is the benefit of transcendental meditation which actually reduces the level of Cortisol (the hormone responsible for stress in the body) which in turn makes you feel more calm and relaxed. Repeating a mantra or a phrase while performing a mantra has calming effects. Mantra meditation basically wipes off the negative thoughts from the body. Meditation also established stability and stillness inside the body. It also helps in reducing burnout situations.
Read more about our Mantra Blog Series on Calm Sage:
4. Improved coping with depression and anxiety
Mindfulness meditation and another type of meditation trains our mind to live the present moment. It helps to come out from the rumination and negative thinking and replaces with positivity. Meditation can also reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety along with the plan prescribed by your mental health provider. Regular meditation improves sleeping patterns, mood, and loss of appetite.
5. Overcome any addiction
Meditation has the power to overcome any addiction that you are planning to leave from months or years. Meditation works as therapy when it comes to alcohol and substance use. One can easily cope and manage substance use.
6. Control chronic pain
Various studies show that meditation is proved to be really effective with chronic pain and mental illness. Meditation improves brain functioning and improves the link between body and brain. Meditation is proved to be effective in PTSD, ADHD, and other acute physical pain.
Read more from Calm Sage Meditation Blog Series
- Transcendental Meditation
- Meditation to Stop Procrastination
- Forest Bathing Meditation
- Creative Imagination Meditation
- Walking Meditation
- Water Meditation
- Loving Kindness Meditation
- Dynamic Meditation
I hope this blog inspires you to meditate every day since the benefits of meditation are proven to be really effective in everyday lives. Comment down and share your meditation experience with us. For more such content, follow Calm Sage on all social media platforms.
Thanks for reading and stay positive!La fine di una riga fisica è rappresentato dal token NEWLINE. Le dichiarazioni non possono attraversare i limiti delle righe logiche ad eccezione di dove NEWLINE è ammesso dalla sintassi (per esempio tra istruzioni in ``compount statements''). Una riga logica è costituita da una o più righe fisiche seguendo le regole implicite o esplicite di unione tra righe.
Vedete Circa questo documento... per informazioni su modifiche e suggerimenti.Quando è stata premiata come migliore attrice non protagonista per Boyhood, Patricia Arquette ha dedicato il suo premio alle donne statunitensi, facendo un appello per la parità dei salari: “Abbiamo combattuto per i diritti di tutti gli altri, è arrivato il nostro momento di avere la parità salariale una volta per tutte e uguali diritti per le donne negli Stati Uniti d’America”.
Il divario, tuttavia, non si limita agli Stati Uniti. Secondo la commissione europea, infatti, in Europa è del 16,4 per cento il divario medio delle retribuzioni tra uomini e donne, a parità di impiego.The World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) annual meetings in October were held with dark clouds on the horizon – both literally (it was a rainy week) and figuratively: 2019 is turning out to be a year of economic slowdowns.
More than half of the world’s economies are expected to decelerate this year. The World Bank has reduced its global growth projections to 2.5 per cent, due to weaker-than-expected trade and investment.
Europe will be no different – but the impacts will be more pronounced and systemic. A chronic decline for industrial production has led to a drop in manufacturing across the region. This is exacerbated by stalling international trade, part of a broader global picture this year.
The 2019 slowdown hits Europe’s emerging countries hardest. The World Bank now forecasts growth in Central Europe and the Baltic States (Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania) to drop to four per cent in 2019, far lower than the 4.6 per cent seen in 2018 and five per cent in 2017.
If these trends worsen, there is a real danger that European Union’s “convergence machine” will stall again. World Bank researchers, in the new report Including Institutions, find that recent convergence between EU countries can be divided into three distinct periods – rapid convergence from 2000 to 2008, a profound stalling of convergence from 2009 to 2015, and then a restart from 2016.
But within Europe’s countries, the story has been one of almost uninterrupted divergence. European regions are pulling away further and further from one another. National growth is being driven by just a few regions, often around the capital and secondary cities, while poor regions languish: think of Bucharest versus North-East Romania, or of Bratislava versus East Slovakia. The implications of these uneven regional growth patterns are stark. Europeans in the growing regions have prospered, while those in lagging regions have seen their incomes stagnate.
The analysis also underlines a startling new finding for the EU. Incomes in most of the poorest households are the most sensitive to both economic expansions and contractions, while the middle class is often shielded from the worst impacts. The World Bank’s report talks about a “whale curve”. Think of a stylised whale, most of whose midsection is under water while its tail rises high above. Those at the tail-end of Europe’s income distribution see large swings up and down in their income as growth rises and falls, leaving them vulnerable and in a state of uncertainty.
In fact, over this century, the poorest among Europe’s population have been much more likely to see their incomes rise with economic growth than have the middle class. The recent period of recovery from the twin crises of the recent past has, therefore, benefited them. But the poorest are also less shielded from the consequences of contraction. During the recent years of recession, the incomes of the poorest families in northern, central and southern Europe fell by 25 per cent, twice that of the average household.
With a potential slowdown looming, how can convergence and prosperity – of both the middle class and the poor – persist? This will depend on three critical factors.
First, countries must secure strong overall growth, both at the country level and in lagging regions.
Second, the fruits of the growth must be shared among all citizens, through jobs and incomes. These are both obvious points.
Third, and most critically in this context, growth has not just to be strong and shared, but must also be resilient – so that even if there are shocks, incomes can rebound quickly. This did happen in very different parts of Europe during the last set of crises – not just in countries such as Austria, Germany or Sweden, but also in Poland. But there were other countries, many in southern Europe, where the rebound was much slower. Indeed, there were profound differences in the persistence of the twin crises’ shocks to unemployment; among EU countries, the time it took for the effects of the shock to be halved (the “half-life”) ranged from five months to more than five years.
Such resilience can be fostered. The report analyses recent economic data to underline a core idea that has been often discussed but less often well-measured. Each EU country must nurture and develop product market, labour market and social protection institutions – that support resilience of populations to future shocks. The stronger these institutions are, the quicker will be the ability of the country to rebound, and specifically to recover jobs and economic activity after the slowdown.
For resilient and inclusive growth in the European context, just three sets of real exchange rate institutions stand out: those institutions that govern the protection of low-income households, those that allow the private sector to adjust and to easily rebound, and those that affect the ability of the labour market to function smoothly. Binding these institutions together is trust – which facilitates government, firms and workers collaborating to navigate the crisis.
In times of slowdown, European countries need specific social protection institutions that protect the poor – including those that quickly absorb those who may be fine in times of prosperity but are at risk of falling into poverty when shocks hit. Unfortunately, such poverty-targeted programmes are not universal in the EU. In some countries, they have been absent. More commonly, as in south-eastern Europe, they have insufficient coverage of the poor or inadequate funding. Unless these systems are quickly reinforced and adequately funded, recent history indicates that slowdowns will entail deeper poverty increases and a longer time for people to recover their incomes.
Resilient growth also critically depends on institutions that affect the ability of private firms to react to and rebound from shocks. The most significant factor? The degree of competitiveness of product markets. In more competitive and less onerously regulated countries, firms can adjust market prices quickly to respond to new economic imperatives, and new firms can speedily enter and create incomes and jobs when recovery begins. The report shows that a 10-point improvement in a country’s quality of the business environment (measured by World Bank’s Ease-of-Doing-Business indicator) reduces the “half-life” of average output reduction by about a third. Making this improvement is not as large a challenge as it may seem – Poland, for instance, achieved exactly this between 2010 and 2014.
Sound labour market institutions emerge as vital for both the preservation and the rebound of jobs and incomes. The most resilient countries in the analysis combine a degree of flexibility with well-designed active labour market policies to return people to jobs. And, contrary to some economic orthodoxy, the analysis finds that good collective bargaining institutions that cover larger parts of the workforce support resilience – and decrease the duration of unemployment. But these good collective bargaining institutions also required a high level of trust to function well.
Trust, therefore, emerges as a key determining factor for building resilience and inclusive growth. The capacity of key stakeholders – the government, firms and workers – to arrive at cooperative “win-win-win” solutions makes building resilient policies and institutions much easier. In countries where such trust is weaker, resilience may be feeble even if there is good coverage of workers by collective bargaining. Weaker trust can prevent countries from setting up thoughtful, supple competition policy institutions. And an inability to negotiate with the presumption of fairness can bias social protection policies towards those that are more strident than those most in need.
As the countries of emerging Europe look towards weathering the economic slowdown, it is a good time to reinforce their “real exchange rate institutions” so that even if there is a larger shock, their populations do not suffer very much, or for very long. This will need investment in mending and molding competition policy, social support programmes and labour market institutions. And, as recent experience of successes and failures across Europe shows, this will need investment in repairing and renewing trust.
This can be done, the report shows. Trust levels in a society are not a historical given, and in fact interact and quickly change with the experience of resilience. Less resilience in Europe has undermined trust. More resilience will strengthen it.
This opinion editorial is exclusive to Emerging Europe.Eldivenler bisiklet yolculuğunun önemli bir parçasıdır ve 4 yönlü streç, silikon şeritler ve avuç içi havalandırması ile bu eldivenler bisiklet konforunu ve kontrolünü iyileştirebilir.
- Elin arka tarafında nefes alabilen 4 yönlü streç örgü kumaş
- havalandırmalı avuç içi
- Daha iyi tutuş için avuç içinde silikon baskı
- Havlu kumaş burun silme
Eldiven ince, hafiftir ve mükemmel bir tutuş için avuç içi boyunca silikon baskıya ve tam oturma ayarına izin veren bir çekme tırnağına sahiptir.Your gallbladder -- a small, pear-shaped organ -- is responsible for storing bile for the liver. Bile is used to help break down fats. A gallbladder attack can occur as the result of a gallstone blocking the ducts that connect the gallbladder to your liver. This can cause intense pain. There are certain foods that trigger gallbladder attacks. If you have gallstones or gallbladder disease, you should avoid these foods.
Junk foods can trigger gallbladder attacks. The high amounts of fat found in most junk foods can be difficult for your body to break down. Junk foods to avoid include chips, cookies and cakes. If you have a gallbladder condition and are looking for a snack food
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mekteydi.
Sorun, "spektrum analizi" ya da "spektroskopi" denen konu kapsamındaydı. Bohr "çizgi spektrası"na ilişkin bir formülden nedense habersizdi (Bohr, formülü bir meslekdaşının yardımıyla sonunda öğrenir. Okul ders kitaplarına bile geçen formülün, Bohr'un gözünden kaçmış olması ilginçtir).
Bir aritmetik oyununu andıran işlemi 1885'de Balmer adında İsviçreli bir lise öğretmeni bulmuştu. Buna göre, örneğin, hidrojen spektrumundaki kırmızı çizginin frekansını saptamak için, 3'ün karesi alınır, l bu sayıya bölünür, çıkan bölüm 32.903.640.000.000.000 sayısıyla çarpılır. Yeşil çizginin frekansı için işleme 4, mor çizginin frekansı için 5'le başlanır. Balmer, formülünü ortaya koyduğunda hidrojen spektrumunda yalnızca üç çizgi biliniyordu. Sonra bulunan çizgiler için işleme 6, 7, 8, sayılarıyla başlanır.
Bohr 1912'de Kopenhag'a döndüğünde çözüm aradığı problemi birlikte getirmişti. Atomun yapısını açıklamaya çalışan Bohr için Balmer formülü niçin önemliydi? Yanıt basittir: Bohr, Planck sabiti h'yi kullanarak bu formülle enerji kuvantalarından oluşan spektrumu açıklayabileceğini görmüştü.
Başka bir deyişle, formülün sağladığı ipucuyla atomların normalde neden enerji salmadığı, elektronların neden hız kaybedip çekirdeğe gömülmediği açıklık kazanmaktaydı. Bohr'un o zaman bilinen fizikle bağdaşmaz görünen görüşü başlıca dört nokta içeriyordu:
(1) Elektron, olası tüm yörüngelerde değil, yalnız enerjisi Planck sabitiyle bir tam sayının çarpımına orantılı olan yörüngelerde devinir.
(2) Elektron, enerji değişimiyle kuvantum yörüngelerinin birinden öbürüne geçebilir; ancak çekirdeğe en içteki yörüngeden daha fazla yaklaşamaz.
(3) Bir kuvantum yörüngede devinen elektron bir iç yörüngeye düşmedikçe radyasyon salmaz. Bu düşüş belli bir miktarda ışık enerjisi üretmekle kalır. Üretilen enerjinin frekansı iki yörünge arasındaki enerji farkının Planck sabitine bölünmesine eşittir:
(4) Bir elektronun taşıyabileceği enerjiler sınırlıdır ve bu kesintili enerjiler atomun kesintili çizgi spektrumunda yansır.
Atom yapısının anahtarını, salınan ışığın spektrumunda arayan bu görüşün, birtakım gözlemlere açıklık getirmekle birlikte, doğruluğu kuşku konusuydu. Bir kez aynı gözlemler başka hipotezlerle de açıklanabilirdi. Sonra, elektronların Bohr'un öngördüğü biçimde davrandığını gösteren somut kanıtlar da ortada yoktu henüz. Kaldı ki, kuvantum yörüngeleri düşüncesi olgusal dayanaktan yoksundu.
Bohr'un hipotezi öncelikle hidrojen spektrumunu açıklamaya yönelikti. Gerçi olgusal olarak henüz yoklanmamıştı, ama hipotezin Balmer formülünde yer alan sayının anlamını belirginleştirmesi, geçerliği açısından önemli bir avantaj sağlamaktaydı. Ayrıca, Bohr'un değişik kuvantum yörüngelerinin enerjilerini veren formülü, önerdiği atom kuramına istenen belirginliği kazandırır:
(Formülde m elektron kütlesini, e elektrik yükünü, h Planck sabitini göstermektedir. Bu harflerin deneysel olarak saptanan değerleri formülde yerlerine konduğunda, bir saniyedeki titreşimi gösteren sayı, 32.903.640.000.000.000, elde edilmektedir. Barmel'in bulduğu bu sayıya "Rydberg sabiti" de denmektedir).
Bohr oluşturduğu atomun kuvantum kuramını yayımlamadan önce Rutherford'un incelemesine sunmuştu. Rutherford herşeyde basitliği arayan titiz bir kişiydi. Bohr'un yazısı karmaşık, uzun ve gereksiz yinelemelerle doluydu. Rutherford düzeltilmesini gerekli gördüğü noktalara değindikten sonra, "Çalışman gerçekten ilginç; kuramının atoma ilişkin pek çok probleme çözüm getirici nitelikte olduğunu söyleyebilirim", diyerek genç bilimadamını yüreklendirmişti.
Bohr'un kuramı 1913'de ingiltere'de yayımlanır. Ne var ki, bilimadamlarının bir bölümünün tepkisi olumsuzdur: onlara göre, ortaya konan, bir kuram olmaktan çok rakamlarla oluşturulan bir düzenlemeydi. Oysa, başta Einstein olmak üzere kimi bilimadamları, çalışmanın büyük bir buluş olduğunu farketmişlerdi. Kuramın, spektroskopi biliminin atomik temelini kurduğu çok geçmeden anlaşılır. Bir yandan da kuramı doğrulayan deneysel kanıtlar birikmeye başlar.
Kopenhag Teorik Fizik Enstitüsü başkanlığına getirilen Bohr 1922'de Nobel Ödülü'nü alır. Artık kısaca "Bohr Enstitüsü" diye anılmaya başlayan Enstitü'ye dünyanın pek çok ülkesinden genç fizikçilerin akım başlar (Bunlar arasında Heisenberg, Pauli, Gamov, Landau gibi sonradan ün kazanan genç araştırmacılar da vardı). Kısa sürede dünyanın en canlı bilim merkezine dönüşen Enstitü bir grup üstün yetenekli genç için bulunmaz bir eğitim ortamı olmuştu.
Bohr hem bilgin kişiliği, hem insancıl davranışlarıyla büyük hayaller peşinde koşan bu gençlere yetkin bir örnek, esin kaynağı bir öncüydü. O, ne Rutherford gibi dış görünümüyle sarsıcı, ne de Einstein gibi "arabaya tek başına koşulan at"tı.
Bohr çalışma yaşamında sergilediği istenç gücünün yanısıra neşe ve mizahıyla gönülleri fethetmesini biliyordu. Bir keresinde tartıştıkları bir teori üzerindeki sözlerini şöyle bağlamıştı: "Bu teorinin çılgınca bir şey olduğunu biliyoruz. Ama ayrıldığımız nokta, teorinin, doğru olması için yeterince çılgınca olup olmadığıdır."
Danimarka baştacı ettiği bu insanla ne denli övünse yeridir.
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein Almanya'nın Ulm kasabasında 14 mart 1879' da doğdu. Altı hafta sonra ailesi Münih'e yerleşti ve Luitpold'da okula başladı.Albert daha sonra Italya'ya gitti ,eğitimine Isviçre Aarau'da devam etti. 1896 da Zürih Federal Politeknik okuluna fizik ve matematik öğretmeni olmak için girdi. 1901 de diplomasını aldı ve Isviçre vatandaşı oldu.
Öğretmen olarak iş bulamadığı için Isviçre Patent Ofisinde teknik asistan olarak göreve başladı 1905 de doktorasını aldı. Patent ofisinde çalıştığı sürede önemli çalışmalar yaptı.1908'de Privatdozent(Bern)'e atandı. 1909' da Zürih'te profesör oldu. 1911'de teorik fizik profesörü olarak Prag'a gitti.Bir yıl sonra aynı görevle Zürih'e geri döndü.Berlin Universitesinin Kaise Wilhelm fizik enstütüsünde 1914'de yönetici olarak görev yaptı.Aynı yıl Alman vatandaşı oldu. 1933'de politik nedenlerden Alman vatandaşlığından çıktı. Amerika Princeton Universite 'sinde teorik fizik profesörü oluncaya kadar Berlin'de yaşadı. 1940'da Amerikan vatandaşı oldu.1945 yılında Princeton'daki görevinden emekli oldu.
II. dünya savaşından sonra Einstein dünya siyasetinde önemli bir kişilik olarak ortaya çıktı. Israil'den başkanlık teklifi aldı ve redetti. Sonra Dr Chaim Weizmann'la Jarusalem'de Hebrew Universite 'sinin kurulmasına yardımcı oldu.
Einstein bilimsel çalışmalarının daha başında Newton mekaniğinin yetersizliğini anladı. Onun özel görecelik kuramı mekaniğin kuralları ile elektromanyetiğin kurallarını bağdaştırmaya çalışmasından doğmuştur. Statik mekaniğin klasik problemlerine, quantum mekaniği ile açıklamalar getirmeye çalıştı.Bu yaklaşım moleküllerin Brownian hareketine açıklık getirdi.Düşük radyasyonlu ışığın ısısal özelliklerini inceledi.Ve onun bu gözlemleri photon teorisini yarattı.
Berlin'deki ilk günlerinde özel görecelik teorisinin doğru olarak izah edilebilmesi için yerçekimi teorisinide kapsaması gerektiğini fark etti. 1916'da ilk defa genel görecelik kuramını yayınladı.Bu sırada radyasyon teorisi ve statik mekanik ile de ilgileniyordu.
1920'lerde Einstein, quantum teorisinin olasılık teorisi ile açıklanması üzerinde çalışırken asıl yoğunluğunu birleşik alanlar teorisi üzerine verdi.Tek atomlu gazların quantum mekaniği ile statik mekaniğe katkıda bulundu. Ayrıca atomic geçiş olasılığı ve göreceli evrenbilim alanında değerli çalışmaları oldu.
Emekli olduktan sonra fiziğin belli başlı alanlarını birleştirmeye çalıştı.Onun önemli bazı bilimsel çalışmaları Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (ingilizce çevrimi, 1920 ve 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), ve The Evolution of Physics (1938). Bilimsel olmayan çalışmaları, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) olarak sayılabilir.
Albert Einstein bir çok Amerikan ve Avrupa üniversitesinden onursal doktora ödülü aldı.1920' lerde Amerika, Avrupa ve uzak doğuda dersler verdi. Dünyanın belli başlı bütün akademilerinin üyelik ve fahri üyeliklerine kabul edildi. Çalışmalarından dolayı birçok ödül aldı. Bunlardan bazıları 1925'de Londra'daki Royal Society' nin Copley Madalyası ve 1935'de Franklin Institute 'deki Franklin Madalya'sıdır.
Einstein'in yetileri onu entellektüel bir yalnızlıkta ikamete zorlamıştır. Müzik dinlemek hayatında önemli rol oynamıştır. Mileva Maritsch ile 1901'de evlendi ve iki oğlu oldu. Bir süre sonra da ayrıldılar, sonra kuzeni Elsa ile evlendi. Elsa 1936'da öldü.
Einstein 1955 'de 18 Nisan da Princeton New Jersey' de öldü.
Enrico Fermi
Enrico Fermi 29 eylül 1901'de Roma'da doğdu.Babası polis şefi Alberto Fermidir. Ilk olarak dilbilgisi okuluna kaydoldu.Onun ilk matematik ve fiziğe olan yeteneğini keşfeden ve destekleyen babasının arkadaşlarından A. Amidei olmuştur. 1918' de Pisa Üniversitesinin bursunu kazandı. Pisa Universite'sinde 4 yıl kaldıktan sonra 1922' de professör Puccianti'den doktorasını aldı.
Bir yıl sonra 1923'de Italyan hükümetinden burs kazandı.Ve Göttingen 'de professör Max Born' la birkaç ay birlikte çalıştı. Rockefeller bursuyla 1924'de Leyden'e P. Ehrenfest'le birlikte çalışmaya gitti. Aynı yıl Florence üniversite' sinde matematiksel fizik dersleri vermek için Italya'ya gitti.
1926'da Fermi günümüzde Fermi istatistiği olarak bilinen Pauli parçaçıklarının istatistiğini keşfetti.Bose-Einstein istatistiğine göre hareket eden bosonların tersine, bu parcacıklar fermion olarak bilinir. 1927'de Fermi, Roma üniversite'sinde teorik fizik profesörü oldu.Bu görevini 1938' de Mussolini' nin faşist diktatörlüğünden kaçıp Amerika'ya göç edinceye kadar sürdürdü(Nobel ödülünü aldıktan hemen sonra).
Roma'daki ilk yıllarında kendini elektromanyetik problemlerin çözümüne ve bazı spectroskopik olayların teorik olarak açıklamasına verdi.Fakat asıl ilerlemesini çalışmalarını elektron ve atom çekirdeği üzerine yaptığı zaman gerçekleştirdi.1934'de Beta bozumu Teorisini geliştirerek Pauli'nin radyasyon Teorisi ile birleştirdi. Curie ve joliot' un yapay radyasyonu keşfinden sonra notron bombardımanına tutulan aşağı yukarı her elementin nükleer dönüşüme tabi olduğunu keşfetti. Bu araştırma, yavaş notronların ve Nükleer Fission'un keşfine, ayrıca o zamana kadar periyodik tabloda bilinen elementlerden farklı elementlerin bulunmasına yol açtı.
1938'de Fermi tartışmasız notronlar konusunda en iyiydi. Bu çalışmalarına Amerika'da da devam etti.Amerika'ya varışından hemen sonra Columbia Universite' sine fizik profesörü olarak atandı.Hahn ve Strassmann'nin 1939'un başlarında fission'u keşfinden sonra ikincil notronların yayılma ve zincirleme reaksiyon olasılığını hesapladı.Bu çalışmalarına büyük bir istekle devam etti ve birçok deneyden sonra kontrol altındaki ilk zincirleme reaksiyonu gerçekleştirdi. Bundan sonra atom bombası yapımındaki sorunların aşılmasında önemli rol oynadı, Manhattan Projesi liderlerinden biriydi.
1944'de Fermi Amerikan vatandaşı oldu. II. dünya savaşından sonra 1954' de ölümüne kadar sürecek olan nükleer çalışmaları için Chicago Universite 'sinden profesörlük teklifini kabul etti. Burada yoğunluğunu yüksek enerji fiziğine verdi ve pion-nucleon etkileşimi çalışmalarına öncülük etti. Yaşamının son yıllarında Fermi kozmik ışınların kaynağını araştırmakla geçirdi.Sonunda kozmik ışınların çok büyük enerji kaynakları olduğunu gösteren bir teori geliştirdi.
Fermi'nin teorik ve deneysel fiziği konu alan bir çok yayımı vardır. Bunlardan bazıları ,elektronik gazların istatistiğinin hesabı ve Paul'i parçacıklarından oluşan gazları konu alan "Sulla quantizzazione del gas perfetto monoatomico", Rend. Accad. Naz. Lincei, 1935, Atomun istatistiksel modelini(Thomas-Fermi atom modeli) ve atomik özelliklerin hesaplanmasında yeni bir yaklaşımı(semiquantitative method) inceleyen Quantentheorie und Chemie, , Leipzig, 1928, "Uber die magnetischen Momente der AtomKerne", Z. Phys., 1930, "Tentativo di una teoria dei raggi ß", Ricerca Scientifica, 1933 sayılabilir.
Ona Nobel ödülü yavaş notronların yarattığı radyasyon ve nükleer enerji alanındaki çalışmalarından dolayı verildi. Profesör Fermi Laura Capon ile 1928'de evlendi.Giulio adında bir oğlu Nella adında bir kızı vardır. Boş zamanlarında yürümeyi,tırmanmayı ve kış sporlarını severdi. 29 kasım 1954'de Chicago'da öldü
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23 Ocak 2010 18:26
ATOM ARAŞTIRMALARI YAPAN BİLİM ADAMLARI
ABD teknolojisinin belki de en muhteşem –bir o kadar da tartışmalı- başarısı nükleer enerjiyi kullanıma sokmak olmuştur. Atomu parçalamak, pek çok ülkedeki bilim adamları tarafından düşünülmüştü. Ama bunu gerçekleştirmeyi, 1940’lı yıllarda ABD’li bilim adamları başardı.
Alman fizikçileri 1938 yılında uranyum çekirdeğini parçalamayı başardığı zaman, Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi ve Leo Szilard nükleer zincir reaksiyonunun mümkün olduğuna karar verdiler. Einstein, Başkan Franklin Roosevelt’e mektup yazarak bu keşfin, “olağanüstü güçlü bombalar” imâlinde kullanılabileceği konusunda uyarıda bulundu. Bu uyarı, Manhattan Projesi’ne ilham kaynağı oldu. Projenin amacı, ilk atom bombasını ABD’nin imal etmesini sağlamaktı. Proje başarılı oldu. Ve ilk bomba 16 temmuz 1945’te New Mexico’da patlatıldı.
Atom bombasının geliştirilmesi ve 1945 Ağustos’unda Japonya’ya karşı kullanılması Atom Çağı’nı başlattı. Kitle imha silahları ile ilgili endişeler Soğuk Savaş döneminde de sürdü. Ve bugünkü silahsızlanma çabalarına kadar gelindi. Ancak Atom Çağı, aynı zamanda nükleer enerjinin, nükleer tıp’taki gibi barışçıl alanda da kullanımını simgelemektedir.
İlk ABD nükleer santrali 1956’da Illinois’te faaliyete geçti. O dönemde nükleer enerjinin ülkedeki geleceği parlak görünüyordu. Ama muhalifler, nükleer santrallerin güvenli olmadığını ve nükleer atıkların asla güvenli bir şekilde saklanamayacağını savunuyorlardı. 1979 yılında Pennsylvania’da Three Mile Adası’ndaki kaza çoğu Amerikalının nükleer enerjiye karşı çıkması sonucunu doğurdu. Nükleer
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bilen ağlar t listesini o, kendi e-Okuyucuya ağı eklemeyi deneyebilirsiniz ' s kendinizi liste.
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Wi Fi kurulum ipuçlarını öğreninIşığın Hizmetkarı
Gregor Samsa bir sabah bunaltıcı düşlerden uyandığında, kendini koltukta devcileyin bir ışığın hizmetkarı ve rhlorr rahibesine dönüşmüş olarak buldu. Salonda uyuyakalmışım, ışık yüzüme vurmuş. Sevgiler! En güzel büyülerimle sizlerleyim. "Lord of Light! Come to us in our darkness. We offer you these false gods. Take them and cast your light upon us. For the night is dark and full of terrors."گروه بانک و بورس بازارنیوز- بهزاد قبادی؛ رضا غلامی، مدیرمسئول بازارنیوز در یادداشتی نوشت: اخیراً معاون ارزی بانک مرکزی، آماری را در مورد میزان مصرف و تأمین ارز کشور طی ۸ ماهه اول سال ۱۴۰۲ منتشر کرد که حاوی نکات قابل تأملی است. گزارش حاضر ضمن بررسی این نکات، مواردی را تذکر میدهد.
براساس گزارش معاون ارزی بانک مرکزی، طی دوره ابتدای سال ۱۴۰۲ تا ۲۰ آبان ماه ۱۴۰۲، در مجموع، ۴۲ میلیارد دلار ارز تأمین و مصرف شده است که خلاصه آن به شرح جدول زیر است.
چنانکه جدول بالا نشان میدهد طی ۲۳۵ روز از سال ۱۴۰۲، در مجموع ۴۲ میلیارد دلار ارز برای نیازهای کشور تأمین شده است که ۲۹ درصد آن توسط بانک مرکزی (نفت و منابع ارزی دولت)، ۴۸ درصد از طریق سامانه نیما (ارز حاصل از صادرات) و ۲۳ درصد از روشی موسوم به «ارز اشخاص» تأمین شده است. هم چنین ۶۳ درصد از این منابع، برای مصارف ارزی وزارت صمت، ۲۵ درصد برای تأمین نیازهای وزارت جهاد کشاورزی، ۶ درصد برای اقلام مورد نیاز بهداشت و درمان و ۵ درصد هم برای «سایر» کالاها اختصاص یافته است.
همچنین اعلام شده است که مجموع تخصیص ارز طی دوره مورد نظر ۵۲ میلیارد دلار است که ۴۲ میلیارد دلار آن تأمین شده است. در ارتباط با این گزارش، برخی نکات به شرح زیر قابل توجه است.
نکته اول این که براساس آمار رسمی گمرک، ارزش صادرات کشور از ابتدای سال تا پایان مهرماه سال جاری، ۲۸.۳ میلیارد دلار بوده است. چنانچه با همان روند قبلی، صادرات افزایش یابد، ارزش صادرات کشور در زمان گزارش (۲۸ آبان ماه)، حدود ۳۰ میلیارد دلار برآورد میشود. این در حالی که براساس گزارش معاون ارزی بانک مرکزی، تنها ۲۰ میلیارد دلار یعنی ۶۷ درصد ارزش کل صادرات، صرف تأمین نیازهای ارزی کشور شده است و دقیقاً ۱۰ میلیارد از تخصیصها پاسخ داده نشده است. یعنی ۱۰ میلیارد دلار تقاضای ثبت سفارش وجود دارد، وزارت صمت تأیید کرده، بانک مرکزی هم آن را قبول دارد، ولی ارزی برای تأمین آن وجود ندارد که همزمان ۱۰ میلیارد دلار هم از ارزهای صادراتی در اختیار کشور قرار نگرفته است.
عجیبتر این که معادل همین اختلاف (یعنی ۱۰ میلیارد دلار) هم بصورت «ارز اشخاص» تأمین شده است. سوال این است که وقتی کشور با محدودیت ارزی روبروست و تقاضای تأیید شده برای ارز وجود دارد، چرا نباید کل ارز حاصل از صادرات به چرخه اقتصاد کشور بازگردد؟
ممکن است ادعا شود، وارد کردن کامل ارز به چرخه اقتصاد مستلزم صرف زمان است و نباید انتظار داشت که همه ارز حاصل از صادرات، در زمان صدور کالا و خدمات به نیما تزریق شود.
در خصوص این ادعا، دو نکته قابل تأمل است؛ اولا، صادرات روند مستمر دارد. یعنی در گذشته هم صادراتی انجام گرفته که امروز موعد بازگشت ارز آنها به چرخه اقتصاد است. با این نگاه، همیشه باید معادل نزدیک به ۱۰۰ درصد ارزش صادرات، ارز به اقتصاد برگردد.
دوم، همین ۳۰ میلیارد دلار نیز به دلیل ضعف گمرک در جلوگیری از کم اظهاری در صادرات (با هدف دور زدن سیاست پیمان سپاری ارزی) رقم کف است و ارقام واقعی صادرات بسیار بیشتر از این رقم است؛ لذا به این دو دلیل، انتظار تزریق تمام ارز حاصل از صادرات کشور در هر مقطع به سامانه نیما، نه تنها غیرمنطقی نیست بلکه امکانپذیر و عملیاتی است.
نکته دوم، در مورد واژه «ارز اشخاص» است. سوال این است که چه تفاوتی بین واردات از محل بدون انتقال ارز و واردات از محل ارز اشخاص وجود دارد؟ براساس برخی اطلاعات منتشره، بانک مرکزی برای واردات برخی کالاها که ضروری نیز نیستند، بازار و نرخ جدیدی را تعریف کرده و برای پاسخگویی به تقاضای آنها، بخشی از صادرات کشور را از از پیمان سپاری معاف کرده است.
با این کار، تعداد نرخهای عملیاتی موجود در بازار، به ۶ نرخ شامل؛ ۴۲۰۰ تومان (نرخ رسمی)، ۲۸۵۰۰ (نرخ ترجیحی تالار اول نیما)، ۳۸۰۰۰ (نرخ حواله نیما)، ۴۲۰۰۰ (نرخ نقد نیما)، ۴۸۰۰۰ (نرخ توافقی) و ۵۱۰۰۰ تومان (نرخ قاچاق) افزایش یافته است که ۵ نرخ آن رسمی است. آیا غیر از این است که تنها علت این کار، تعیین نرخ بالاتر برای بخشی از منابع ارزی کشور است. عیب این سیاست تنها این نیست که به گروه خاصی از صادرکنندگان و اشخاص امتیاز صد هزار میلیارد تومانی اعطاء کرده، بلکه مشکل اصلی این است که هزینه این سیاست را مردم در قالب افزایش قیمت خواهند پرداخت.
نکته سوم در مورد رقم عجیب «سایر» است. وقتی سهم بخشهای صنعت و کشاورزی و حتی بهداشت و درمان از ارز مشخص است، تخصیص ۲.۳ میلیارد دلار ارز (تنها اندکی کمتر از کل ارز تأمینی به وزارت بهداست)، به طبقه موهومی تحت عنوان «سایر» چه مفهومی دارد. بزرگی این اعداد وقتی بیشتر مشخص میشود که بدانیم، کشور بدلیل عدم تأمین حدود ۱۰۰ میلیون دلار (۴.۴ درصد ارز طبقه بندی شده تحت عنوان «سایر») برای شیرخشک در آستانه بحران قرار گرفت)، همچنین معادل ریالی این عدد که تحت عنوان موهومی طبقه بندی شده، حدود ۱۰۰ هزار میلیارد تومان و ۲۵% کل یارانه پرداختی دولت به مردم طی یک سال است.
جمع بندی و پیشنهاد
اخیراً رئیس جمهور مجددا تأکید کرد که مرجع اصلی تعیین و اجرای سیاستهای ارزی کشور، بانک مرکزی است؛ لذا غیرمنطقی نیست اگر همه تحولات بازار ارز را ناشی از عملکرد این بانک بدانیم. اگرچه گزارش اخیر معاون ارزی بانک مرکزی (صرف اعلام چند عدد رند و کلی آن هم به طور غیر دقیق)، برای ارائه تحلیلهای اقتصادی کافی نیست، ولی همین اطلاعات اندک هم نشان میدهد که بانک مرکزی در مسیر درستی حرکت نمیکند.
متأسفانه بانک مرکزی بجای حرکت به سمت ارز تک نرخی و کوچک کردن بازار قاچاق، در حال تعریف نرخها و بازارهای دیگر است که نتیجه این نوع اداره بازار ارز، قطعا فساد بیشتر و افزایش بیشتر قیمتها خواهد بود. معنی آن این است که بانک مرکزی با ناتوانی خود در اداره بازار ارز، به هزینه مردم، جیب گروههای خاصی را پر میکند.
شرایط بازار ارز کشور ویژه است. ذی نفعان داخلی و خارجی مترصد تغییرات شدید قیمت ارز هستند. در این شرایط، توسل به مکانیزم بازار برای مدیریت بازار ارز ناکارآمد است و بانک مرکزی باید مدیریت قیمت ارز بر اساس سازوکار بازار را خاتمه دهد. همچنین تعدد نرخهای ارز و افزایش آن، به نفع کشور نیست و باعث میشود افزایش قیمت کالاها موجهتر انجام شود. بانک مرکزی باید با قدرت، سیاست تثبیت نرخ ارز در نرخ مشخص و پیمان سپاری کامل ارزی در کنار اجرای کامل نظام ثبت سفارش را اجرا کند و سایر نرخهای ارز را قاچاق اعلام نماید.
پایان پیام//In business, the terms creditors and debtors are used to denote the parties involved with borrowed funds. Creditors and debtors may be individuals, legal entities including public or private corporations, other registered companies or registered organizations. The critical requirement of the creditor-debtor relationship is a debt agreement or contract stating the rights and responsibilities of both sides. If everyone carries out their obligations, both parties benefit from this relationship. Unfortunately, it does not always run so smoothly. Creditors happen to face serious difficulties. Their interests are affected in cases when debtors fail to meet their debt repayments. This is why creditors should be informed about their rights and how they can be exercised and what kinds of services are available to help them deal with different complex situations and maximize debt recovery. Here you will be provided with useful information on the creditor-debtor relationship as well as the offered assistance creditors can rely on to find quick and effective solutions to their problems.
A creditor, also known as a lender, might be a bank, supplier, or individual that provides a monetary loan or goods, or extends credit to a debtor under a repayment agreement including an interest. Therefore, debtors are the borrowers, or in other words, those who owe money to their creditors, with the amount expected to be repaid at a later date (typically agreed beforehand). The creditor-debtor relationship is not much different than the one between a supplier and a customer with the exception that there are different kinds of loans involved. The most common loans granted by creditors are long-term loans, short-term loans, commercial credit, leasing, and bond loans. Creditors are either unsecured or secured. Unsecured creditors are people or institutions lending money without obtaining legally specific assets as collateral. There is always a considerable risk for this kind of creditors, as they could not take any of the debtors’ assets in the case that the debtors are unable to make payment on debt. In such a situation the only option for unsecured creditors to eventually collect their unpaid debts is to initiate a lawsuit. Naturally, secured creditors have lien or other legal claim to the debtor’s assets and often demand a personal guarantee. Since the debtor has more to lose by not repaying a secured loan, the creditor is given more security. A classic example of a creditor is a bank that lends money to approved debtors to set up a business or buy a house. A company that sells goods on credit to another company is also considered a creditor
When borrowers happen to be delinquent on a loan, or put differently, miss a payment or several payments, the creditors have the right to take further actions to get their money back. Debtors first receive a default notice warning from their loan provider informing them that they have missed their due day. They are reminded to make up for the payment as soon as possible and continue to make payments on time or otherwise they would need to face certain consequences. Debtors might be charged an additional penalty fee and interest on the missed payment. If they are struggling to make a repayment, they should discuss their current financial situation with their lender. The decisions that are made depend on the type and the amount of the loan. Sometimes debtors may be allowed to take out a debt consolidation loan or arrange a repayment holiday.
Default debt occurs when debtors have kept falling behind with their repayments and have not responded to the repeated attempts of the loan providers to get in touch with them. The enforcement action of creditors against their lenders is considered completely justified. It includes passing the debt to a collection agency, taking court action, or taking away the property tied to the debt. These are usually the last steps to be taken when all the other methods have not worked. This is why before lending money or goods away, creditors should make sure that their debtors have a good debt management plan.
The reasons for default on a loan are mostly caused by debtors and rarely by creditors. For example, these might be debtor default, non-compliance, credit crunch problems, poor financial and economic conditions, banking and creditor competitive environment, interest rate or exchange rate differences and devaluation. Credit policy to achieve higher and faster profits, lack of experience and bad faith on the part of employees may also have a negative impact on the return on loans. The inability of borrowers to pay their debts is of great concern to creditors. They need to think of an appropriate course of action to try to recover the money owed to them. When debtors are not paying their debts, usually the only choice left for creditors is to spend much time making collection calls and eventually writing off the receivables and taking a loss.
Insolvency arises when an individual or an organization is unable to pay the money owed on time to the lender. Insolvency can lead to insolvency plan proceedings which are a means to restructure a company and enforce debt recoveries by liquidating the assets of the insolvent entity. This is an in-court settlement agreement that does not require the approval of all the parties concerned. Insolvency proceedings take some time and might not always be smooth. If the insolvency plan is carefully arranged in advance, the plan proceedings are likely to be finished within a year, but regular insolvency proceedings normally take a few years to complete. Creditors often have tax concerns directly related to the debtor’s condition and if the restructuring is not successful, they might not be able to fully recover their credits.
When businesses and individuals file for bankruptcy, their assets and liabilities are examined by a judge and court trustee in the court to subsequently decide whether to discharge their debts. If the procedure is successful, debtors would no longer be legally required to pay their debts. Bankruptcy laws are created to give a chance to debtors whose finances have collapsed in order to start over. Filing bankruptcy puts a block on debts to keep creditors from collecting. In this case creditors have a unique set of issues and problems. They normally have a right to obtain some measure of repayment from the debtor who has become the subject of the bankruptcy filing. It depends on the individual’s or the business’s assets available for liquidation. In short, lenders’ only option is to make a claim to the trustee of the bankruptcy estate. Receiving disbursement takes some time and at the end, creditors might receive very little money or come up empty-handed.
Debt collection is the process of collecting payments, owed by individuals or businesses, which have become past due. Companies and agencies that specialize in debt collection are known as debt collectors or debt collection agencies. Most debt collectors are hired by creditors to recover unpaid debts for a fee or percentage of the total amount collected. It is easier and more convenient for loan providers to rather seek help from licensed and experienced debt collectors than chase their clients on their own. The responsibilities and duties of debt collectors include keeping track of slow-moving accounts to identify outstanding debts, establishing a repayment plan, contacting debtors, and negotiating payoff deadlines. The strategies used by debt collection agencies reduce costs, save time, and maximize resources. In order to choose which debt collecting agency is best for their purposes, it is important for creditors to take into consideration the number of accounts that need collecting. If they are below ten, it is advisable to look for a small collection agency. An agency with automated system would be the best option for creditors with small claims. Creditors with large claims should talk to a specialist who is actually going to personally do the collecting. The approach of debt collectors also depends on whether the collection is “retail” (consumer) or “commercial” (collecting against businesses). Some debt collectors are also debt buyers. Sometimes the best solution for creditors to avoid all the problems can be to simply sell the debt out to debt buyers for a satisfying percentage of the face value.
When hiring a debt collecting agency, remuneration is rarely a factor the creditors need to worry about. Nowadays, the services of most debt collectors are typically free of charge. Every good and reliable collection agency works on a “no collection, no fee” basis. This means that the agency goes through their system and does their best to recover the outstanding money for free. If their mission is successful, they would only retain a percentage of the overall amount after both parties have come to an agreement beforehand. This method is known as contingency payment model and is preferred by creditors because of the zero risk of losses and incurring expenses. If they do not win back their money, they have nothing to pay.
Commission when the debt is collected
The percentage retained when debt collection agencies have collected the payments is a small sum of the total amount of the debt. The fee is determined by factors such as the age of the account, its average balance size, the number of accounts the agency has been entrusted with, and the industry served. It is crucial for creditors to have some knowledge of these in order to set realistic expectations. For instance, older accounts generally demand higher fees, as collecting agencies are aware that the older a debt is, the more difficult and challenging its recovery becomes. It is also likely larger percentage to be requested for accounts with smaller balances. On the other hand, the percentage deducted is lower when larger account volumes are transferred.
Some creditors could benefit from membership services. This option is offered by many agencies to save a lot of money of those who need to frequently use a debt collector to either deal with a large outstanding account or other unpaid invoices. In this case, the percentage fee on each individual debt is lower and the creditors pay an annual fee instead.
Apart from passing a debt for a collection to a third-party specialist agency, creditors can also sell it on to a company. This purchase-and-sale transaction is frequently carried out after a specific period has passed and the approaches of the creditors to recover an outstanding amount have not worked. Debt purchasing is becoming more popular with the increasing number of companies that specialize in this kind of business. Debts are purchased by collection agencies, private debt collection law firms, and private investors. This might catch debtors by surprise, as some of them have not paid much attention to a clause in their contract according to which the lender is allowed “to assign their rights” to another individual or an institution. These are known as assigned debts. Once the debt purchasers have assessed the situation and decided that a debt is worth collecting, they make a bargain and keep pursuing the debtor in their attempts to win back the payment. The original lenders lose their right to claim any payment from the debtors and the money is owed to the assignees. The outright sale of debts includes portfolios such as credit cards, personal loans, telecommunications, mortgages, retail debits, etc. They are normally sold either through singular transactions or more regular and long-term agreements. It is important
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را مستند کنید؟
. نقد شما باید چه اندازه باشد؟ (چند صفحه )
. آیا باید در متن خود از خلاصه، نقد یا نظر شخصی خودتان استفاده کنید؟
. آیا ضروری است که در متن، به یک موضوع یا ایده اصلی توجه کنید؟
. آیا استاد شما، اطلاعات پیش زمینه ای از شما خواسته یا خیر؟
وقتی که شما پاسخ این پرسش ها را بدانید، سپس میتوانید شروع به نوشتن کنید و علاوه بر آن تا حدودی هم با نحوه نوشتن نقد بر یک مقاله آشنا شده اید. در زیر دو قالب MLA و APA توضیح داده شده اند که هر دو ، جزو قابل توجه ترین سبک های نقل قول هستند.
استفاده از قالب APA
مقالات، معمولا در مجلات دانشگاهی، روزنامه ها و سایت های مختلف وجود دارند. اگر شما نقد یک مقاله را در قالب APA می نویسید، باید برای منابع خود، مدخل های زبانشناسی نیز بیاورید :
وبسایت: نام نویسنده ( نام خانوادگی ) ، تاریخ انتشار ( ماه و سال ) ، عنوان متن
مجلات : نام نویسنده ( نام خانوادگی ) ، تاریخ انتشار (سال ) ، عنوان نشریه ، دوره انتشار مجله ( هفتگی ، ماهانه و...) شماره نسخه مجله
روزنامه : نام نویسنده ( نام خانوادگی ) ، تاریخ انتشار ( سال و ماه ) ، عنوان نشریه ، عنوان متن
مراحل نوشتن نقد بر مقاله
فرآیند قبل از نوشتن
مواجه شدن با مراحل نوشتن نقد بر مقاله، برای اولین بار، می تواند گیج کننده باشد و باعث شود که ندانید که باید از کجا شروع کنید و به طور کلی ندانید که نقد به چه معناست. در نحوه نوشتن نقد بر یک مقاله، برای نوشتن نقدی در سطح بالا و عالی، باید برخی قدم های مقدماتی را بردارید. در اینجا دو مرحله اساسی برای این کار توضیح داده شده است:
مرحله اول:
حتما در نحوه نوشتن نقد بر یک مقاله، سازماندهی درستی برای نقد خود انتخاب کنید. تنظیمات و قالب بندی متن شما، تعیین می کند که چگونه باید متن را بخوانید. در اینجا این قدم ها را باید دنبال کرده و با مراحل نوشتن نقد بر مقاله آشنا شوید:
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مقاله را خلاصه کنید، نکات اصلی، ایده ها و اطلاعات ارائه شده در مقاله را پیدا کنید.
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نقاط مثبت مقاله را مشخص کنید. جنبه های قوی، ایده ها ی خوب و مثبت نویسنده را بررسی کنید .
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شکاف های متن را پیدا کنید. به دنبال تناقض ها، شکاف و یا عدم هماهنگی در متن بگردید و اینکه آیا نویسنده به اندازه کافی از استدلال های مختلف و اطلاعات کافی برای حمایت از ایده اصلی خود استفاده کرده است یا خیر .
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سوالاتی که در مقاله بدون پاسخ مانده اند را پیدا کنید. در مقاله بگردید و سوالاتی که بدون جواب و نیمه کاره مانده اند را مشخص کنید.
مرحله دوم :
ادامه دهید و مقاله را نقد و بررسی کنید. در یکی دیگر از مراحل نوشتن نقد بر مقاله، راهنمایی ساده و کوتاه برای این کار آورده شده است :
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کار خود را با بررسی عنوان متن، مقدمه، عنوان ها، زیر عنوان ها، جملات آغازین، بند های اصلی و نتیجه گیری شروع کنید .
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ابتدا مقدمه و نتیجه گیری مقاله را بخوانید. در این دو نویسنده نکته های اصلی بحث و نکات کلیدی را می نویسد . همچنین با خواندن این دو بخش، بهتر می توانید نکات اصلی متن را درک کنید.
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کامل مقاله را بخوانید.
این سه راه مربوط به مراحل قبل از نوشتن می باشند. بعد از انجام این مراحل، می توانید به نوشتن نقد خود ادامه دهید. همچنین ما در مراحل اصلی نوشتن نیز به شما کمک می کنیم .
سازماندهی در این کار، اهمیت بسیار زیادی دارد. قبل از اینکه شروع به نوشتن کنید، باید برای سازماندهی بهتر، از یک الگو و قالب استفاده کرده و به نوعی تکلیف خود را مشخص کنید.
طرح کلی و الگو
در ادامه راهکار های نحوه نوشتن نقد بر یک مقاله ، همانطور که با خواندن مقاله پیش می روید، سعی کنید افکار خود را در یک بخش کلی منسجم کنید. هنگام خواندن متن، اطلاعات مهم ، اشتراکات و تناقضات را یادداشت کنید. کمبود ها و نقاط قوت آن را مشخص کرده و سعی کنید نقشه راه خود را بر اساس این مشخص کنید. دقت کنید که اگر استاد شما، از شما یک بخش خلاصه نخواسته است حتما آن بخش ها را از متن خود حذف کنید. مانند دیگر متون و مقالات، نقد یک مقاله هم دارای مقدمه، بدنه و نتیجه گیری می باشد. بنابراین باید بتوانید متن خود را بر این اساس و عنوان های فرعی دیگر در بدنه متن تقسیم کنید. اگر در مرحله قبل از نوشتن و یا مرحله بارش فکری به مشکل برخوردی ، میتوانید از قالب های نمونه و آماده کمک بگیرید.
مطالعه مقاله محتوا نویسی برای اخبار را پیشنهاد می کنیم
اجزا تشکیل دهنده مقاله :
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صفحه قبل از عنوان : در اینجا شما لیست مقالاتی که در متن نقد شده اند ، عنوان نشریه ، نام تمامی نویسندگان و اطلاعات دیگر نویسندگان (شهر ، استان ، آدرس ایمیل و ...) را می نویسید .
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جزییات نویسنده (اختیاری ) : نام ، آدرس ، شماره تلفن ، ایمیل و ...
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عنوان بالایی : فقط در قالب APA استفاده شده که در آن ، عنوان در کمتر از 40 کاراکتر نوشته می شود .
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صفحه خلاصه : این بخش، اختیاری بوده و می تواند بر اساس خواسته های استادتان از شما باشد . حداکثر باید 800 کلمه بوده و در آن از زبان بسیار ساده و روان استفاده کنید . خود متن را به معنای واقعی به کار نبرید و در این بخش به منابع ارجاع ندهید .
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صفحه عنوان : عنوان به شکل کامل و حدودا 250 کلمه چکیده به همراه کلید واژه ها نوشته شود .
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مقدمه
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بدنه : شامل مطالب اصلی و زیر موضوع های مختلف
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آثار ذکر شده و منابع
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صفحات اختیاری برای خواندن
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جدول های مختلف ( در صورت ضرورت داشتن )
مراحل نوشتن نقد یک مقاله
مرحله 1 : عنوان را بنویسید
در مراحل نوشتن نقد یک مقاله، اول از همه باید عنوانی بر اساس ایده اصلی مطلب بنویسید. این عنوان می تواند پرسشی، توصیفی و یا توضیحی باشد.
مرحله 2 : به مقاله استناد کنید
در یکی دیگر از مراحل نوشتن نقد یک مقاله ، یک استناد مشخص از مقاله نقد شده بنویسید و آن را دقیقا بعد از عنوان قرار دهید. مسئله مهمی که در این مرحله باید به یاد داشته باشید، این است که حتما به نوع استنادی که استادتان از شما خواسته توجه کرده و دقیقا طبق آن عمل کنید . برای مثال ، استناد یک مقاله در قالب MLA باید به این شکل باشد:
نام و نام خانوادگی نویسنده. عنوان مقاله. عنوان مجله یا نشریه (تاریخ انتشار ). صفحات. چاپ
مثال : آبراهام جان. دنیای رویا ها . مجله سه ماه نامه ویرجینیا ( 1991 ) . 67 – 125 . چاپ
مرحله 3 : شناسایی مقاله
بعد از نوشتن بخش استناد ، باید بخشی برای مشخصات نقد مقاله خود مشخص کنید :
. عنوان مقاله
. نویسنده
. عنوان مجله
. سال انتشار
تمامی این اطلاعات باید در اولین پاراگراف نوشته شما وجود داشته باشند :
مثال : فقر ترک تحصیل را افزایش می دهد، اثر برایان فیت. مجله افسر بهداشت، درسال 2001
مرحله 4 : مقدمه
در مبحث نحوه نوشتن نقد بر یک مقاله ، سازماندهی مطالب، در نوشته های اینچنینی بسیار مهم است. قبل از اینکه شروع به نوشتن کنید، باید قالب متن خود را مشخص کرده و یا از قالب آماده ی دیگر نقد های مقالات استفاده کنید.
. اگر نمیدانید نقد خود را چگونه آغاز کنید ، با یک مقدمه شروع کرده، تا مطالب کلیدی مقاله و نظریه های شما را بیان کند.
. با خلاصه ای از مطالب ، کار را ادامه دهید.
. نکات مثبت نشریه را مشخص کنید.
. با مشخص کردن خلا ها، تناقض ها و اختلافات متن و همچنین سوالاتی که در متن بی پاسخ مانده اند، از انتشارات انتقاد کنید.
مرحله 5 : مقاله را خلاصه کنید
خلاصه ای از نوشته های نویسنده تهیه کنید. هر مطلب و یا اطلاعاتی که با متن مرتبط بوده را نیز نوشته و همچنین نتیجه گیری نویسنده را هم در همین بخش بنویسید.
مرحله 6 : نقد کنید
در اینجا باید نقاط قوت و ضعفی که پیدا کرده اید را ارائه کنید. دانش و اطلاعاتی که نویسنده نوشته است را به اشتراک گذاشته و در نقد خود بنویسید. همچنین درباره هرگونه ضدیت یا تناقضی که در متن پیدا کردید نیز بنویسید. همیشه موضع خود را داشته باشید، یا از نوشته های نویسنده حمایت کنید یا نکنید، اما همچنین سعی کنید از نظریات و استدلال های خود درباره موضوعات مقاله نیز پشتیبانی کنید. در نهایت نیز می توانید از الگوهایی برای ارزیابی و درجه بندی نویسنده مقاله کمک بگیرید.
مرحله 7 : نتیجه گیری کنید
در این بخش نکات مهم و حیاتی متن را بازگو کرده و درکنار آن، یافته های خود و نقدی که بر مقاله داشته اید را اضافه می کنید. سپس در مورد صحت ، اعتبار ، و مرتبط بودن نتایج بررسی مقاله هم مطالبی بنویسید. در نهایت نیز راهی برای تحقیقات بیشتر در زمینه مورد نظر ارائه کنید. قبل از نوشتن کامل این بخش نیز به موارد زیر توجه کنید:
. همچنان که مقاله را میخوانید، نکات مهم آن را مشخص کنید. این کار کمک می کند تا مسائل مهم مقاله و استدلال هایی که برای آنها آورده شده را شناسایی کنید.
. در حالی که نقد خود را می نویسید، از شواهد منابع خود استفاده کنید تا نکته را مفهوم تر بازگو کنید . این کار می تواند به شکل نقل قول مستقیم به کار رود.
. به اندازه کافی از شواهد و نقل قول هایی برای پشتیبانی استفاده کرده و سعی کنید از نقل قول های مستقیم کمال استفاده را ببرید. برای آنالیز و بررسی کردن مقاله وقت بگذارید.
. حتما هر زمان که از منبعی یا نقل قول مستقیمی استفاده می کنید، آن را در پرانتز قرار داده تا بعد از آن متهم به دزدی ادبی نشوید .
. نقد خود را یک روز بعد از اتمام آن دوباره بخوانید. این کار باعث می شود هرگونه اشتباه دستوری و ناهماهنگی بین متن را پیدا کنید .
. از نرم افزار های بررسی غلط های املایی استفاده کرده و از یک شخص دیگر هم کمک بگیرید .
فرآیند بعد از نوشتن . کار خود را بخوانید
درنهایت در مراحل پایانی نحوه نوشتن نقد بر یک مقاله، زمانی که تمامی قسمت های نقد شما آماده شد ، فقط یک مرحله باقی می ماند . خواندن کار خودتان. اغلب افراد به این مرحله بی توجه هستند، اما این مورد یکی از مهمترین مرحله های نوشتن است که باعث می شود اشتباهات متن خود را پیدا کرده و به آن جلا بدهید. برای اینکار ، متن را کامل خوانده و قسمت های زیر را در متن بررسی کنید :
-
دستور
-
علائم نقطه گذاری
-
ساختار متن
-
دیگر خطاها
سپس به دنبال اطلاعاتی بگردید که در متن ضروری نیستند و آنها را حذف کنید. در نهایت نیز بررسی کنید که حتما 3 الی 4 نکته کلیدی در متن شما وجود داشته باشد. حال که میدانید نقد به چه معناست، به مثال های زیر توجه کنید:
مثال هایی از نقد یک مقاله :
ممکن است تعجب کرده باشید که چرا همه ی این مطالب مربوط به نقد یک مقاله آورده شده است . شاید برخی از شما ندانید ، اما نوشتن نقد برای یک مقاله ، می تواند به فرآیند نوشتن خود شما کمک فراوانی بکند.
جستجوی نمونه های نقد مقالات مرتبط می تواند به روش های زیر برای شما مفید باشد:
. برای کمک به شما در شناخت افراد کلیدی در یک حوزه علمی مشخص
. برای کمک به شناخت تحقیقات و دستاورد ها در آن زمینه علمی
. برای کمک به یافتن منابع موثق و معتبر برای نوشته های خودتان
. برای کمک به ایده یابی شما برای تحقیقات آینده
و خیلی موارد دیگر نیز وجود دارد که با نوشتن نقد بر مقالات مختلف به آنها دست پیدا خواهید کرد. همچنین، می توان گفت بهترین راه برای نوشتن نقد بر یک مقاله، پیدا کردن و بررسی نمونه نقد های موجود دیگر در فضای مجازی و اینترنت می باشد.
منبع:
essaypro.com
هدیه رایا مارکتینگ به شما
از آنجاییکه ارائه محتوای با کیفیت (از نظر کپی نبودن، قدرت انتقال مفاهیم، سئو و تخصصی بودن) بزرگترین دغدغه رایا مارکتینگ می باشد، همواره خودمان را در معرض تست شما کارفرمایان گرانقدر قرار می دهیم. از این رو می توانید درخواست نمونه محتوای رایگان با کلمه کلیدی یا عنوان مد نظرتان را بدهید تا پس از دریافت یک تا دو نمونه محتوا به راحتی بتوانید تصمیم گیری بفرمایید.فرم درخواست محتوای هدیه
توصیه رایا مارکتینگ به شما:
تولید محتوا را جدی بگیرید، تمامی سایتهای برتر مثل دیجی کالا، زومیت، بامیلو، تبیان، ورزش 3 و غیره با تولید محتوای یونیک و فراوان به موفقیت رسیدند، شما نیز با تعیین استراتژی درست و تولید محتوای منظم و مداوم می توانید موقعیت بازاریابی اینترنتی خود را ارتقا دهید.
رویایتان را در تولید محتوا به واقعیت می رسانیم. رایا مارکتینگ با بکارگیری بیش از 7000 نویسنده متخصص در تمامی زمینه های کسب و کار، برگزاری آزمون تخصصی نویسنده سئوکار، دیتاماینینگ و مدیریتی ویژه توانسته است علاوه بر حفظ و کنترل کیفیت، هزینه تولید محتوا را برای بازاریابی محتوایی سایتتان به طرز قابل ملاحظه ایی کاهش دهد. تولید محتوا در تمامی زمینه های کسب و کار به بیش از 7 زبان زنده دنیا تولید و ترجمه می گردد.
لیست نظرات
x اولین نظر را شما ثبت نمائیدLondra’daki bir yargıç, İngiliz hükümetinin İngiltere Bankası’nda düzenlenen külçe altının üzerindeki bir savaşta İngiliz hükümetinin Venezüella cumhurbaşkanı olarak muhalefet lideri Juan Guaido’yu “kesin olarak tanıdığını” söyledi.
İngiltere, Venezüella muhalefet lideri Juan Guaido’yu ülkenin cumhurbaşkanı olarak tanıdı, İngiliz Yüksek Mahkemesi, Guaido veya Nicolas Maduro’nun Londra’da depolanan Venezuela’nın altının 1 milyar doları kontrol etmesi gerekip gerekmediğine karar verdi.
Geçen hafta dört günlük bir duruşma, altın üzerindeki savaş çekişmesinin son parçasıydı ve İngiltere’nin iki rakip cumhurbaşkanının şu anda Venezuela’nın meşru lideri olarak göründüğüne odaklandı.
Dava, Banco Central de Venezuela tarafından, nakit sıkıntısı çeken ülkenin koronavirüs salgınına tepkisini finanse etmek için 1 milyar dolarlık altın rezervleri serbest bırakılması için getirildi.
İngiltere Merkez Bankası, talimatlara göre hareket edemediğini, çünkü 2018’de tartışmalı seçimlerden sonra cumhurbaşkanlığı için rakip iddiaların “ortasında yakalandığını” söyledi.
Nicolas Maduro hükümeti tarafından atanan bir BCV panosu altının serbest bırakılmasını istiyor, Guaido tarafından atanan rakip bir geçici kurul serbest bırakılmasının reddedilmesini istedi.
DAHA FAZLA OKU: Venezüella’nın muhalif güçleri Londra’da saklanmış altın için savaşıyor
Resmen tanındı
Yüksek Mahkeme yargıcı Nigel Teare, İngiltere’nin Guaido’yu anayasal geçici Venezuela Cumhurbaşkanı olarak tanıdığı ve “Tek Sesli” ve “Devlet Yasası” doktrinleri nedeniyle mahkemenin Guaido’nun geçerliliğini soruşturmasının engellenmesine karar verdi. davranır.
Diyerek şöyle devam etti: “Bu (Yüksek Mahkeme) böyle bir tanınırlığın Venezuela Cumhuriyeti anayasasına uygun olduğunu ve 4 Şubat 2019’dan beri yaptığını belirtti.”
Teare, her iki erkeği de başkan olarak tanımanın imkansız olduğunu ekledi.
Maduro’nun itiraz tarafı
Maduro tarafından atanan BCV’yi temsil eden Sarosh Zaiwalla, müvekkillerinin temyiz başvurusunda bulunacağını söyledi.
Zaiwalla yaptığı açıklamada, kararın “zemindeki durumun gerçekliğini tamamen göz ardı ettiğini” düşündüler.
“Bay Maduro hükümeti Venezüella ve idari kurumlarının tam kontrolündedir ve yalnızca insani yardım ve koronavirüs salgını ile mücadele için gerekli tıbbi malzemelerin dağıtımını sağlayabilir” dedi.
Yetkili, “Bu sonuç, hayatları tehlikede olan Venezüella halkının zararına, meseleleri daha da erteleyecek.”
BCV’nin temyiz izni verilirse, davanın hızlanması önümüzdeki haftalarda Londra Temyiz Mahkemesine gidebileceği anlamına gelir. Bu itiraz başarılı olursa, Yargıtay’a gider.
Cumhurbaşkanlığı krizi
Guaido, 2018 seçimlerinin sonuçlarını kabul etmeyi reddetti ve kusurlu olarak nitelendirdi ve yeni bir oy bekleyen geçici ara başkanı olduğu konusunda ısrar ediyor.
O zamandan bu yana yaklaşık 60 ülke onu Maduro ve iç çevresine yaptırımlar uygulayan ABD de dahil olmak üzere Venezuela’nın gerçek lideri olarak tanıdı.
Maduro, 2013 yılında ölümünden sonra Hugo Chavez’i başardı. Önce demirle yönetti, ancak petrol zengini ülkenin ekonomik çöküşüne başkanlık etti.
Guaido’ya desteğine rağmen, İngiltere Maduro’nun hükümeti ile diplomatik bağları var. İngilizler, Guaido’nun İngiltere’ye büyükelçi adını verdiği elçiye diplomatik kimlik vermedi.
DAHA FAZLA OKU: Petrol, Altın ve Kendi Kaderini Tayin: Venezuela Krizinin Üç Yüzü
Kaynak: TRTWorld ve acenteleriBir egzersiz sırasında kendinizi zorluyor mus
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头盔根本没什么用。实践运用，在黑龙江，Ma Zhanshan suobu打勾的作用。
头盔也增加日军受害者。持续昂昂溪-作用山，日军在非法劫回伤号，你可以音符他们头戴的头盔。
又，日本国民很快一下子看到最后盔零碎有本人很大的成绩。
那就是头盔衬里太薄了。，在黑龙江令人失望的的气候里，日本兵士汗水后条件你不处置，很快头和头盔会被冻合作。，双骰子游戏的和风趣的。强迫抽象派艺术作品，偶然地间拉离，而原日本在不熟悉的的时机不有用，带温水头盔的灵车，导演呆若木鸡的剥胜利品的终结。日本兵士描述方法当勉强居住，常常听到最后和头盔冻合作时，断续性地痛哭新学生。齐齐哈尔的占据，日本做东猎了300多人。，捏简直手脚能够到的范围二千。，他们打中很好的东西人都是头盔。。
为了处理这一成绩，自然发生的日本兵士，在我的头盔垫筛绢或棉。，虽有它显现不太好，但要处理捏的成绩,也处理设备头盔后给日军形成的第本人大成绩。
华龙网
2016-09-29 05:10昔日头条
2016-09-29 19：00编辑软件在此视频中，我将向您展示如何找到长方体的体积。 体积找的是三维物件内的总空间。 能够找到物体的体积对许多其他领域都非常有用，例如，
在本视频中，我将讨论可以应用于不同形状和图形的三种不同类型的变换。 我将会从旋转开始，这涉及围绕某个点旋转某物。 然后，我将讨论与
在此视频中，我将向你展示如何找到一定比例的金额。 这是一项非常有用的技能，在日常生活中经常用到。 它被企业和消费者使用，甚至在一些
在此视频中，我将向你展示如何将分数或小数转换为百分比。 百分比是表示分数和小数的相同信息的另一种方式，但是它们是零售中使用的首选方
在本视频中，我将向你展示如何使用百分比变化公式来找到百分比变化。 这是8-9年级的题目，对于在商业中设定产品价格时也很有用。
在这部影片中，我将用平方根来求解有两个解决方案的方程。
在此视频中，我将向你展示评估底数为负的指数值。
在此视频中，我将向你展示如何估计平方根的值。
在本视频中，我将向你展示如何通过乘以共轭来合理化分数的分母。
在本视频中，我将向你展示如何合理化分数的分母。
在本视频中，我将向你展示一种查找最大公因数的方法，该方法可用于大于1的任意数量的数字。
在本视频中，我将向你展示一种查找最小公倍数的方法，这个方法适用于任何数量多于1或更多的数字。
在本视频中，我将向你展示如何使用替代方法求解方程组或一组联立方程。
在这个视频中，我将向你展示如何根据提供的的半径找到球体的体积。
在此视频中，我将向你展示如何使用勾股定理找到直角三角形的缺失侧。 在此示例中，我们要找到斜边（最长的一面）。
在本视频中，我将向你展示如何使用称为FOIL的方法扩展双括号。 首先，外部，内部，最后。
在本视频中，我将向你展示如何使用我称为KFC的方法将一个分数除以另一个分数。 保持，翻转，改变。
This video is a continuation of the last video on the size of number systems, where the cardinalities of the naturals, wholes, integers and rationals were discussed
This video is a follow-up on the previous video on Simple Interest Here an alternative but more commonly used model is discussed, known as Compound Interest
Interest is the money charged on a loan - the one who borrowed money must pay the money back in addition to some extra (called Interest)
In the video it is proven that the Naturals, Wholes and Integers have the same cardinality,
In this video I will show you how to find the Area of a circle given the circle s diameter
在此视频中，我将向您展示如何正确回答滑铁卢大学数学竞赛8年级高斯论文的第22题。 这个问题需要使用代数来形成和求解方程，并且需要一些به گزارش فرادید به نقل از گاردین، فکر می کنی من احمق هستم؟ دیر یا زود به عنوان یک پدر یا مادر این سوال را از زبان خودت می شنوی. شما هیچ راه فراری ندارید. این سوال بدون آنکه آگاهانه به آن فکر کرده باشی بر زبانت می آید. این سوال یک نوع ترفند زبانی برای جلب توجه است و پدر و مادرهای ما هم برای جلب توجه این کار را می کردند، بخشی از دستور زبان عصبانی بودن است. مثلا شما زمانی که فرزندتان با بی تفاوتی به شما زل می زند و تلفن گم شده اش را از شما می خواهد از آن استفاده می کنید.
تا حالا این اتفاق دوبار برای من افتاده است. پسر بزرگ من ۱۴ ساله است و برادرش تنها ۱۲ سال سن دارد اما به خاطر بلوغ زودرس بچه های دوم، او خیلی زودتر در هنر احمق خواندن من استاد شده است. هر دوی آنها در وسط امتحان هایشان هستند. ممکن است که من انسان نالایقی باشم که به دستاوردهای حرفه ای ام بی تفاوت هستم (پسرهای من مطمئنا این طور فکر می کنند) اما من در همه امتحاناتم بالاترین نمره را می گرفتم. من عاشق امتحان ها هستم اما مشخص شده که توانایی من در بیاد آوردن آنچه خوانده ام زمان بر است: من برای پذیرفتن مسئولیت رسیدگی به امور بچه ها بسیار نامناسب هستم. مرا از هر گونه درگیری در درس های ریاضی یا علوم بچه ها منع کرده اند و توانایی من در کار حرفه ای ام که با احترام از آن یاد می شود به پیشنهاد برای یک گردش دست جمعی لذت بخش در روستا تقلیل پیدا کرده است (که خیلی وقت است این کار را هم انجام نمی دهم). تلاش می کنم پسر بزرگم را درگیر بحث جالب فئودالیسم کنم اما او طفره می رود؛ وقتی سعی می کنم افعال زبان چینی را از پسر کوچکترم امتحان بگیرم با لبخندی معنا دار تلفظ من را تصحیح میکند.
قبلا زندگی راحت تر بود. من مثل یک فرشته بودم، یک الهه که می توانست معجزه کند. فرزندانم کاملا به من ایمان داشتند. در آن زمان من فقط می بایست برای آنها کارتون های مسخره ای پخش می کردم و برایشان کیک شکلاتی می پختم و خیلی ساده نیروی جاذبه را برایشان توضیح می دادم و از وایکینگ ها به عنوان یک قهرمان تمجید می کردم. اما حالا وقتی که دارم به آنها برخی آموزشها در مورد بلوغ می دهم یا در مورد نگهداری از کابل تلوزیون حرف می زنم یا عقیده ای در مورد سوریه را بیان می کنم آنها از زور عصبانیت به من می خندند.
قبول دارم که اخیرا تا یک اندازه دچار گیجی مخصوص میان سالی شده ام و متاسفانه این با هشیاری بچه هایم که خاصیت اصلی سن شان است هم زمان شده است. آیا وقتی که می گویند «Ram بیشتری بخر» یا «SLI قوی» می دانم که منظورشان چیست؟ نه . آیا من واقعا از پسر کوچکم پنج بار پرسیده ام که آیا فردا به شنا می رود یا نه؟ شاید. من نمی توانم جلوی خودم را بگیرم. اخیرا آنها سرگرمی لذت بخش تازه ای پیدا کرده اند، بارها ویدیویی را به من نشان می دهند که من می باید احتمال وجود سه حیوان یا خودرو که پشت سه در پنهان شده اند را حساب کنم. این کار مرا گیج می کند و اشک من را در می آورد. وقتی که من و پدرشان بعد از شام روی مبل خوابمان می برد و بعد از مدتی گیج و منگ از خواب بیدار می شویم، آنها مطمئن می شوند که ما واقعا شخصیت های رمان احمق ها نوشته رولد دال هستیم.
البته ما در این زمینه تنها نیستیم و همین موضوع کمی ما را آسوده می کند. همه نوجوانان فکر می کنند که والدین شان احمقند. این امر خاصیت هر تکاملی است: یک بیرحمی ای که تقریبا فراگیر است، آنها را ترغیب می کند که خانه شان ترک کنند و والدین شان را تشویق می کند تا آنها را پس بزنند. وقتی پسرم با منی که فارغ التحصیل تاریخ معاصر هستم از عوامل جنگ جهانی اول بحث می کند اذیت می شوم، به یاد خانم زیست شناسی می افتم که حافظ محیط زیست بود و پسرش او را که مشاور انرژی های جایگزین بود با سوال هایش در مورد احتیاج به انرژی های تجدید شونده ناراحت می کرد، آنوقت شوهر و دیگر آشنایان تلاش می کردند که جواب های بی ربطی به پسر ۱۱ ساله او بدهند. همه ما سر و ته یک کرباس هستیم، گیج و نالایق که به ندرت می توانیم دستگاه کنترل از راه دور را به تنهایی بکار ببریم.
ما با تقلید از نسل والدین احمقی که این موضوع را درک نمی کنند، افرادی که راهکارهای نجات بخشی از گذشتگان مان گردآوری کرده اند را نادیده می گیریم. پیش از هر چیز با این راهکارها می توانیم به راحتی فکر کنیم که ممکن است این وضعیت تا اندازه ای نتیجه رفتارهای خودمان در گذشته باشد. شما این کار را با پدر و مادر خود کرده اید و حالا پس از سالها فرزندان تان این کار را با شما می کنند.
به عنوان یک نوجوان، من به برتری فکر وسیع ام نسبت به پدر و مادرم پرفسور بدینگتون و پرفسور بالدوین مطمئن بودم هرچند از مخالفت با آنها دچار شکست می شدم. پس از مرگ پدرم یک مدل ریاضی را به نام او کردند اما من در شش سالگی معتقدم بودم که او احمق ترین فرد روی زمین برای پیاده روی است. آنقدر بطور عجیب و غریبی در مورد حماقت او اعتقاد داشتم که در خیابان ۱۰ قدم از او عقب تر راه می رفتم. حالا مجازات آن کارم را از طریق فرزندانم تحمل می کنم. هر کسی سزای عمل خودش را می بیند. من مشتاقانه منتظرم ببینم که نوه هایم در آینده راه پسر هایم را در این جدایی نفرت بر انگیز و تلخ دنبال می کنند.
اما حتی اگر بشود کاری در این مورد انجام داد، چه می توانیم بکنیم؟ دو نظریه در این مورد وجود دارد. اولی می گوید خیلی سخت نگیر. آیا می دانید که گربه ها چگونه افرادی که کمترین توجهی به آنها ندارند را جذب می کنند؟ نوجوان ها اساسا مثل گربه ها هستند (واضح است که بچه های ۴ تا ۱۰ سال مثل سگ های بازیگوش و بچه های زیر ۴ سال حاصل ترکیب نامقدس میمون های زوزه کش و راسوهای بد بو هستند.)
تا جایی که می توانید به هیچ وجه تلاش نکنید که با خونسردی توجه بچه ها را را به خودتان جلب کنید. همه ما به یاد داریم معلم های که سعی می کردند در مقابل بچه ها کوتاه بیایند چه قدر منزجر کننده بودند. این کار را نکنید. ماجراهای مهمانی دادن و به جشنواره رفتن تان حالتان را بهم می زند: برای آنها مهم نیست که شما یک گروه موسیقی را پیش از آنکه معروف شوند می شناختید یا با فلان هنر پیشه عکس یادگاری انداخته اید. فحش و ناسزا ندهید. به تلاش خود ادامه بدهید. ناپدری ام تلاش زیادی کرد که من و خواهرم را به خواندن رمان های روسی تشویق کند و جلوی سیگار کشیدن ما در حیاط پشتی را بگیرد. اما نتیجه کارش تیره کردن رابطه ما با او بود.
اگر بخواهید این شیوه را از طریق تعالیم مذهبی پیش بگیرید، ممکن است گاهی اوقات پیشرفت کمی داشته باشید: مثلا وقتی که دارید تلویزیون تماشا می کنید سرشان را رو شانه شما خم کنند، یا بی مقدمه از شما بخواهند که نحوه پخت کیک شکلاتی را به او آموزش بدهید یا یک سوال ریاضی را برایشان حل کنید. اما ممکن نیست پیشرفت بیشتری داشته باشید. نکته کلیدی این است که اهیمت زیادی به هر یک از این راه ها ندهید.
در عوض، می توانید به آنها نشان دهید که کارهایتان درست است. در کارهای تان اغراق کنید: در خیابان لباس بادگیر بپوشید و بگویید که عاشق آهنگ تازه خواننده مورد علاقه تان هستید و بعد شروع کنید و آن را با صدای بلند بخوانید از آنها بپرسید که آیا هنوز فلان هنرپیشه درجه دو را دوست دارند یا نه؟ همان مسخره ای باشید که آنها فکر می کنند: این طور بودن آرامش بخش تر است تا اینکه مثل یک عروسک خیمه شب بازی خنده دار، مسئول توزیع پول باشید. خلاصه اینکه شما نمی توانید نظر یک نوجوان را در مورد خودتان تغییر دهید برای اینکه آنها پیشاپیش بدترین تصور از شما را در ذهن خود دارند.
مسئله این است که من عاشق نوجوان ها هستم چه فرزندان خودم چه بچه های دیگران. علیرغم تمام اهانت ها، مسخره کردن ها و بی اعتنایی به پیشنهادهای بسیار خوب، آنها موجودات شگفت انگیزی هستند: بامزه، سرزنده و پر از ایده و به معنی واقعی انسان. واقعا همین که کنار آنها باشم احساس خوشبختی می کنم. ( جز اوقاتی که دلم می خواهد خفه شان کنم. بهتر است بگویم که احساس الانم ۵۰:۵۰ است.)
دیگر اینکه من در مورد این موضوع فکر می کنم، علاوه بر این دچار این وسوسه شده ام که نتیجه بگیرم که شاید ما احتیاج داریم که قضاوت آنها را بپذیریم: ما احمق هستیم. این جهان، جهان آنهاست و ما با تغییرات کشنده آب و هوا، ترس از عقاید نامتعارف و تصمیمات نادرست سیاسی مان این جهان را برای آنها جای نا امنی می کنیم. دوستم باربارا اخیرا به دختر نوجوانش گفت کاش می شد کاری کرد که جلوی اهانت هایی که به بزرگترها می شود را گرفت. دخترش در جواب گفت: «اینقدر چرند نگو»Hibiscus tiliaceus: Edible Chameleon
It’s difficult to find a hibiscus you don’t like, including the Mahoe.
In fact, to this writer’s knowledge all hibiscus are edible in some way. They are not all edible in the same way, and the palatability varies greatly. With some it is the flower, others the leaves, sometimes the seed oil only. But, if you have a hibiscus, you have some kind of edible some way.
Like most hibiscus the Mahoe’s blossom lasts only a day. The blossoms stars out yellow but by the end of the day is turning maroon red…. a dynamic flower, and edible, cooked or raw. So are the young leaves, cooked. The roots are edible cooked and the inner bark, the cambium, can be suckled of its moisture and nutrients. The bark can be peeled off in strips and used as is for fishing line. It was also used to make cloth in the Pacific Islands before cotton was made available. And if you use a bow and spindle and spin a hardwood spindle on a baseboard of dry Mahoe, it makes a burning ember for a fire very easily. Actually, the flowers can be boiled like a green or dipped in batter and fried. The leaves can also be fermented into a sauce to make a tempeh starter or boiled in salted water to make a beverage called Onge Tea.
The next reasonable question is why do the blossoms turn color? There are two possible answers that can coexist. One is that the plant is making antioxidants to protect it from the sunlight. The other is the change in color allows the shrub to attract different pollinators who are attracted to different colors. That leads one to infer that flowers collected later in the day may be more beneficial that those collected in the morning.
The botanical name for the Mahoe, Hibiscus tiliaceus (Hye-BISK-us til-ee-AH-see-us) is quite straight forward and not some naughty word play by Carl Linneaus, who started naming plants. Hibiscus is from the Greek word iviscos (ee-VIS-kos) where we get the word viscus and viscosity in English. It means “sticky” because most Hibiscus are mucilaginous. And the species name itself is very sensible. Tiliaceus means like the Tilia, or the Basswood tree (aka Linden tree and Lime tree.) The Mahoe leaves do resemble the Tilia leaves… roughly heart shaped and a very long, pointed tip. Linnaeus got it all right for a change. Mahoe is from the Taino language of the Caribbean and refers to two trees, the Mahoe, and the Blue Mahoe ( Talipariti elatum) the latter a much larger tree.
Don’t confuse the Mahoe with the Milo, or Thespesia populnea, see separate entry. The Mahoe has 9 to 11 prominent veins in the leaf. The Milo has seven. The Mahoe also has dense star-shaped hairs on lower surfaces, the Milo does not. Don’t confuse either with the H. pernambucensis which has solid-yellow flowers, without the dark center.
Green Deane’s “Itemized” Plant Profile
IDENTIFICATION: Shrub to a large tree, tangled growth, in wet areas low branches root in the water, leaves nearly round, Basswood like, short tip, four to eight inches wide, shiny green above, soft, fuzzy gray-green below, flowers cupped 5-petaled, five petals, dark center, yellow turning maroon falling at night or the next morning. Ten-pointed calyx, five seams, seeds hard, brown, 1/8 inch
TIME OF YEAR: Year round in warmer claims, nearly year round in subtropical/temperate areas.
ENVIRONMENT: Coastal hammocks, dunes, damp mainland, landscaping
METHOD OF PREPARATION: The flowers can be boiled like a green or dipped in batter and fried. The leaves boiled like a green or fermented into a sauce to make a tempeh starter. They can be boiled in salted water to make a beverage called Onge Tea. The inner bark is edible as well, though usually suckled. Roast the roots.The U.S. Navy attempted to develop a shark attack repellant after many sailors were attacked during WWII. The first step was
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by a significant margin since the tax was introduced in the 1990s. In 2017, the 4 provinces in Canada with carbon pricing in place also led the country in economic growth.
Research from two of Canada’s leading environmental economists shows that meeting Canada’s Paris Agreement commitments on climate change will have virtually no impact on our continued economic growth – a difference of 38 per cent GDP growth by 2030 vs. 39per cent GDP growth if Canada takes no action at all. This action will include carbon pricing and many other policies, illustrating that Canada can take stronger action to reduce carbon pollution without harming the economy.
What other tools will help reduce Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions?
In addition to carbon pricing, we need strong regulations, forward-thinking policies, comprehensive programs to encourage behaviour change, and much more action from governments to fight climate change. For example, governments can use regulatory tools like building codes to require enhanced energy efficiency, commit to renewable electricity generation, or encourage change with programs like electric vehicle incentives.
We’ll need all of these tools and many more to meet Canada’s international commitments to do our fair share to keep warming to 1.5 degrees. So what are we waiting for? Let’s get started.During a major flood event the emergency services are the main responders to flooding. We will work with them to assist evacuations and provide emergency accommodation and other social services.
Floods from sewers or burst mains
Dŵr Cymru oversee the flood risk from public sewers and water mains. There is information on reporting and dealing with this kind of flooding on Dŵr Cymru’s website.
Public drains and flooded roads
The council has an oversight role for flood risk from ordinary watercourses, surface water run-off and groundwater. If there is a blocked drain or flooded road, please contact us.
Floods from rivers or the sea
Natural Resources Wales oversee the flood risk from the main rivers and the sea. You can find out about the risk of flooding from rivers and the sea on Natural Resources Wales’s website.
We hold sandbags, and we will try to provide them where they can limit the effects of flooding. If there is a major event, it may not be possible to meet all requests, and so we cannot guarantee sandbags will be provided to all properties.
To request sandbags, please contact us.
Preventing flooding on private property is the owner’s responsibility. However, if there is flooding we will try to help. If there is a major flood, we will try to protect and help the most vulnerable people and infrastructure first.
Flooding is a natural occurrence. No drainage system or flood protection measures can give absolute protection from flooding.
If you are concerned about flooding, the National Flood Forum may be able to help you.Palliative Care
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) bu kavramı ilk olarak 1989 yılında tanımlamıştır. 2002’de yapılan tanım ise şu şekildedir:
“Palyatif bakım (Rahatlatıcı Bakım Süreci), yaşamı tehdit eden hastalıklardan kaynaklanan problemler ile karşılaşan hastaların ve hasta yakınlarının yaşam kalitesini, başta ağrı olmak üzere tüm fiziksel, psikososyal ve ruhsal problemlerin erken tespit edilerek ve etkili değerlendirmeler yapılarak önlenmesi veya giderilmesi yolları ile arttıran bir yaklaşımdır.”
Palyatif Bakım:
- Ölümü doğal bir süreç olarak kabul eder ve yaşama değer verir.
- Kaçınılmaz olan ölümü hızlandırmaya veya geciktirmeye çalışmaz.
- Hastalara beden, akıl ve ruh bütünlükleri içinde tam bir birey olarak yaklaşır.
- Her bir hasta için mümkün olan en iyi yaşam kalitesini sağlamaya çalışır.
- Hasta yakınlarını bakım ünitesinin parçası olarak görür.
- Kısmen veya tamamen iyileşme umuduyla tedavi görmeye devam eden hastalara sunulabilir. Bu hastalar için öngörülen tüm teşhis işlemleri ve tedavi yapılır.
- Ömürlerini uzatacak ya da hastalıklarını iyileştirecek tedaviyi sürdürmek istemeyen hastalar ile hastalıklarına karşı sunulabilecek herhangi bir tedavi bulunmayan hastalara, yani her iki halde de ölmesi beklenen insanlara da sunulabilir. Yukarıda belirtildiği gibi, bu bakım biçiminde hastanın rahat ettirilmesi için yapılması zorunlu olanlar dışında, tedavi veya teşhise yönelik herhangi bir test yapılmaz. Çünkü bu aşamada, yapılacak test ve işlemler hiçbir fayda sağlamaz.58.408
değişiklik
Rayleigh dağılımı temel olarak ışığın havadaki moleküllerle etkileşimiyle olur. Tamamen ‘optik’ ve makroskobik bir açıdan söylersek, mavi gökyüzü mikroskobik yoğunluk dalgalanmalarından ileri gelir, bu dalgalanma ise havayı oluşturan moleküllerin rastgele hareketi ile meydana gelir. Daha yoğun veya daha az yoğun bir bölgenin kırıcılık endeksi çevresinden hafifçe farklıdır, bu yüzden ışığı rastgele yönlerde dağıtan kısa ömürlü bir parçacık gibi davranır. Daha küçük bölgeler büyük bölgelere göre daha fazla dalgalanma gösterdiğinden kısa dalgaboyları uzun dalgaboylarına göre daha çok etkilenir ve daha çok dağılıma uğrar.
Dağılımın bir kısmı sülfat parçacıkları tarafından gerçekleştirilebilir. Büyük Plinian
Işık kirliliğinin az olduğu bölgelerde ayışığının olduğu gecelerde de gökyüzü mavidir, çünkü aydan gelen ışık, ayın kahverengimsi renginden dolayı biraz daha düşük renk sıcaklığı olan, güneş ışığının yansımasıdır. Fakat ayışığı olan gökyüzü mavi olarak algılanmaz, çünkü düşük ışık seviyesinde insan görüşü temel olarak çubuk hücrelerinden gelir, ki bu da renk algısı yaratmaz.Geçen hafta kuzey İtalya’nın tepelerindeydim, çoğunlukla tatildeydim ama aynı zamanda Ukrayna’daki savaşın Avrupa’daki hayatı nasıl etkilediğini de merak ediyordum.
Efektleri bulmak zor olmadı.
Benzin için galon başına 5 dolardan mutsuz musun? 8 doları deneyin. Emekli bir öğretmen olan arkadaşım Roberto Pesciani, “Depoyu doldurmak acı verici” diye inledi.
faturalar? Doğal gazın maliyeti İtalya’da Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndekinden dört kat daha yüksek.
“Isınma fiyatları arttı. Bakkal fiyatları arttı. Her şey iyi gidiyor,” dedi Pesciani.
Endişeler enflasyonun ötesine geçiyor. İtalya dışişleri bakanı Luigi Di Maio geçtiğimiz günlerde Rusya’nın Ukrayna’nın tahıl ihracatına uyguladığı ablukanın küresel bir ekmek savaşını tetikleyebileceği, Afrika’da kıtlık ve Avrupa’ya yönelen yeni bir göçmen dalgası yaratabileceği konusunda uyardı.
Pesciani, “Rusya’ya yönelik yaptırımlarla ilgili sorun, yalnızca bize de zarar verirlerse işe yarayacak olmalarıdır” dedi.
Ekonomik acı, ABD liderliğindeki Rusya’ya yönelik yaptırım kampanyasına katılan Avrupa hükümetleri için siyasi sorunlar yaratıyor: “Ukrayna yorgunluğu”.
İtalya Uluslararası İlişkiler Enstitüsü müdürü Nathalie Tocci, “O zaten burada,” dedi. “Acı [from sanctions] Rusya’da Batı’dakinden çok daha yüksek tabii ki, ama acıya toleransımız daha düşük. Öyleyse soru, hangi eğrinin daha dik olduğu – Rusya’nın savaşma kabiliyeti mi yoksa ekonomik acıya dayanma kabiliyetimiz mi?”
Rusya Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin, bu yarışmayı kazanacağına bahse giriyor. Cuma günü St. Petersburg’da yaptığı ateşli bir konuşmada, Batı’nın ekonomik yaptırımlarının “en başından beri başarı şansı olmadığını” söyledi. “Biz güçlü bir milletiz ve her türlü zorluğun üstesinden gelebiliriz.”
İtalya ve komşularındaki siyasi kaygı, bir 10 ülke anketi Avrupa Dış İlişkiler Konseyi tarafından geçen hafta yayımlandı.
Ankete göre Avrupalıların çoğu savaşı başlatmakla Rusya’yı suçluyor, ancak bu konuda ne yapacakları konusunda ikiye bölünmüş durumdalar.
Hem Almanya’da hem de Fransa’da, anketörlerin “barış kampı” dediği yerde yaklaşık %40’lık bir çoğunluk var: Ukrayna’nın Rusya’ya taviz vermesi gerekse bile, savaşın bir an önce bitmesini istiyorlar. Yaklaşık %20’si bir “adalet kampında”: Rusya’nın daha uzun bir savaş anlamına gelse bile kesin bir yenilgiye uğradığını görmek istiyorlar.
İtalyanlar daha da güvercin. Çoğunluk, yüzde 52, barış kampında.
Buna rağmen, Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı Emmanuel Macron, Almanya Şansölyesi Olaf Scholz ve İtalya Başbakanı Mario Draghi, geçen hafta Ukrayna Devlet Başkanı Volodymyr Zelensky’ye desteklerini göstermek için Polonya’dan Ukrayna’nın güç durumdaki başkenti Kiev’e gece trenine bindi.
Sadece birkaç hafta önce, üçü de savaşta titrek geliyordu. Macron, Putin’i müzakerelere ikna etmek için çok açık bir çaba sarf etti ve Batı’nın Rusya’yı “küçük düşürmeye” çalışmaktan kaçınması gerektiğini söyledi. Scholz ve Draghi, Rus liderin müzakereleri düşünüp düşünemeyeceğini görmek için daha ihtiyatlı girişimlerde bulundu.
Putin, askeri zafere eğildi, üçünü de reddetti. Bir noktada Macron’dan telefon almayı bile reddetti.
Böylece geçen hafta, huzursuz seçmenlerine barış yapmaya çalıştıklarını gösterdikten sonra, üç Batılı lider Kiev’de daha sert bir tavır aldı.
Macron, Ukrayna’nın “kazanabilmeli” dedi.
Scholz, “Ukrayna, Avrupa ailesinin bir parçasıdır” dedi.
Draghi, “Ukrayna halkı demokrasinin değerlerini savunuyor” dedi.
Üçlü, Zelensky’nin en çok istediği şeyi sağlamadı: yeni silahların hızlı teslimatı.
Ancak Ukrayna’nın Avrupa Birliği’ne üyelik başvurusunu onayladılar – neredeyse tamamen sembolik olsa bile Kiev’de hoş bir açıklama.
Ancak asıl etki, Putin’e Avrupa’nın birleşik cephesinin henüz dağılmadığına dair şaşırtıcı derecede sağlam bir sinyal oldu.
Rusya cumhurbaşkanı, Batı’ya giden doğal gaz akışını derhal keserek karşılık verdi ve bu, komşularına istediği zaman ekonomik zarar verebileceğini hatırlattı.
Başkan Biden dahil Amerikalıların işi daha kolay. Evlerimizi ısıtmak için Rus doğalgazına güvenmiyoruz. Ve ülke içinde, Rusya ile karşı karşıya gelme alışılmadık bir iki partili konsensüs üretti: Demokratlar Biden’ın şahin duruşunun arkasında sıraya girdiler; GOP’un en hararetli bir şekilde Trump yanlısı kanadı dışında, çoğu Cumhuriyetçi de var.
Bununla birlikte, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde bile, enflasyon halkın savaşa verdiği desteği aşındırdı – Avrupa’dakinden sadece daha az dramatik.
Nisan ayında, bir Associated Press anketi, Amerikan seçmenlerinin çoğunluğunun, ABD’nin ekonomik acı anlamına gelse bile, ABD’nin Rusya’ya karşı sert yaptırımlar uygulaması gerektiğini düşündüğünü ortaya koydu. Mayıs ayına kadar, çoğunluk değişmişti; Yüzde 51’i en büyük önceliğin ABD ekonomisine verilen zararı sınırlamak olması gerektiğini söyledi.
Londra’daki Financial Times’tan Gideon Rachman’ın geçen ay belirttiği gibi, Ukrayna’daki savaş üç cephede yürütülüyor ve Batı üç cephede de müdahil. “İlk cephe, savaş alanının kendisidir” diye yazdı. “İkinci cephe ekonomiktir. Üçüncü cephe ise iradelerin savaşıdır.”
Bu üçüncü cephedeki en büyük zorluk bu sonbaharda gelebilir – yakıt ısıtma talebi arttığında, Putin Batı uyumunu baltalamak için yeni yollar bulduğunda ve Biden milyarlarca daha fazla yardım istemek için Kongre’ye döndüğünde.
Bahisler yüksek olacak. Avrupa ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri liderleri, Ukrayna uğruna ekonomik fedakarlıklara katlanmak için halklarını bir araya getirebilir mi – yoksa bu sadece Putin’in kazanabileceği bir yarışma mı?
Kaynak : https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2022-06-19/russia-and-the-west-are-in-a-battle-of-wills-over-ukraine-but-the-west-is-showing-signs-of-going-wobbly范冰冰的好莱坞大片《THE 355》在线观看五国影后同台竞技，中国女特工角色曾无人愿意出演！最近范冰冰因为国外的电影又一次上了久违的热搜，西蒙·金伯格执导的电影中，有杰西卡·查斯坦、黛安·克鲁格、佩内洛普·克鲁兹、露皮塔·尼永奥等影后主演的电影《355》会在明年的1月15日在北美上映，而范冰冰是五位女性角色当中的一位，这也是一部国际大制作，范冰冰从2018年上缴了8.84亿元的罚款后，一直很少露面，也接不到影视剧，范冰冰其实也想找一个合适的机会复出，而这部国际大片《THE 355》正是一个很好的机会。The Lilly Library summer exhibition, “Spiritualists, Sorcerers, and Stage Magicians: Magic and the Supernatural at the Lilly Library,” offers a view of how ideas of the occult, the unseen, and the supernatural have persisted and transformed throughout history, from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. Indeed, if popular entertainment is any indication, it seems evident that our interest in ghosts, ghost-hunters, witches, and devils has never really abated, despite the rationalism and disenchantment of the modern age.
Highlights of the Lilly exhibition include stories of the disappearing Professor De La Mano, Boston spiritualist Mina Crandon—aka "Margery"—and her ectoplasmic performances, and self-styled black magician Aleister Crowley, the "Wickedest Man in the World." Visitors will also find arresting illustrations of witches from 17th-century manuals for witch hunters, photographs of ghosts from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s book on spirit photography, and instructions for debunking spiritualist mediums in Houdini’s famous A Magician Among the Spirits.
The exhibition runs through August 30, 2014. The Lilly Library is regularly open during the summer Monday-Thursday 9-6, Friday 9-5, and on Saturdays from 9-1 PM; http://www.indiana.edu/~liblilly/ or 812-855-2452LONDRA, 21 ottobre (Reuters) - A Londra la cattedrale di St. Paul ha chiuso oggi i battenti per i rischi rappresentati dalla presenza di centinaia di “indignati” accampati da giorni nei pressi del sagrato.
Graeme Knowles, arciprete della cattedrale, ha scritto una lettera aperta ai manifestanti, chiedendo loro di lasciare pacificamente la piazza, occupata da sabato scorso dopo un corteo che all‘origine doveva giungere alla sede della borsa di Londra.
“Lo abbiamo fatto col cuore pesante, ma non è semplicemente possibile rispettare i nostri obblighi quotidiani verso i fedeli, i visitatori e i pellegrini nelle attuali circostanze”, ha detto Knowles in un comunicato che spiega l‘iniziativa della chiusura.
Il prelato ha aggiunto che i rischi sanitari e d‘incendio rappresentati dal campeggio di protesta - che si è allargato nel corso della settimana - rendono impossibile legalmente l‘apertura della cattedrale, che è una popolare meta turistica.
In risposta, i dimostranti hanno emesso un comunicato in cui si afferma che sarà fatto ogni sforzo per alleggerire le preoccupazioni dei religiosi, e hanno chiesto chiarimenti si quel che potrebbero fare in più.
“Andremo avanti”, ha detto a Reuters uno dei manifestanti, Ronan McNern. “La lotta deve continuare”. Gli organizzatori della protesta hanno convocato un‘assemblea di emergenza per discutere del futuro della manifestazione. -- Sul sito www.reuters.it le altre notizie Reuters in italiano. Le top news anche su www.twitter.com/reuters_italiaAGI – Il nome di Ahed Tamimi, ‘la bionda’, compare nella lista dei prigionieri palestinesi che potrebbero essere rilasciati oggi. Tamimi, diventata famosa per un video in cui schiaffeggiava un soldato israeliano nel 2017, è inclusa in una lista di 50 detenuti che il ministero della giustizia israeliano potrebbe liberare in cambio di ostaggi.
La donna ha trascorso otto mesi in prigione per l’aggressione del 2017. L’ormai 22enne è stata nuovamente arrestata il 6 novembre, quando l’esercito israeliano ha fatto irruzione nella sua casa in Cisgiordania, accusandola di incitamento alla violenza e apologia del terrorismo per un post su Instagram. La sua famiglia ha negato che sia stata lei a scrivere il post, dicendo che spesso la sua foto e il suo nome vengono usati online da altri.Il modo in cui una madre interagisce e condivide i ricordi con il suo bambino ha un impatto sul benessere della prole in età adulta.
Anche per le persone anziane che non hanno problemi generali
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mathematical structures are good fashions of real phenomena, then mathematical reasoning can provide perception or predictions about nature.
The time period applied mathematics additionally describes the skilled specialty wherein mathematicians work on practical issues; as a occupation targeted on sensible issues, applied mathematics focuses on the “formulation, examine, and use of mathematical models” in science, engineering, and different areas of mathematical practice.anonymous,uncategorized,misc,general,other
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It appears as if our mathematical prediction software program is getting slightly good today. Utilized mathematics is the branches of mathematics that are involved in the study of the physical, biological, or sociological world. It offers a manipulative equipment to assist students to apply their studying in hand-on play. We’re the hub for mathematics education and research on the University of Pennsylvania.
It ought to have been for a very long time a science based mostly on commentary – a purely statistical science, which can’t be true in every case. The proficiency strands describe the actions wherein students can have interaction when learning and using the content.
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Since 2001, the Russian Academy of Sciences (mathematical section), the Steklov Mathematical Institute, the Moscow Depatment for Training and the Moscow Center for Continuous Mathematical Education manage a summer season faculty, unique in its choice of professors and participants. The creator of my mathematical components says that level stakes make small income and you will not likely get rich from doing that. Centre for Mathematical Sciences, College of Cambridge, UK. By the way in which, because of the total freedom of the members to choose the courses, experienced mathematicians must generally face critical competitors from their younger colleagues.
Topology in all its many ramifications may have been the best progress area in 20th-century mathematics; it consists of point-set topology , set-theoretic topology , algebraic topology and differential topology Particularly, instances of contemporary-day topology are metrizability concept , axiomatic set theory , homotopy concept , and Morse principle Topology also consists of the now solved Poincaré conjecture , and the nonetheless unsolved areas of the Hodge conjecture Different results in geometry and topology, including the 4 coloration theorem and Kepler conjecture , have been proved only with the help of computer systems.
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My Mathematical Method is a horse racing system that truly has been around for a alongside time. A formulation based system uses a predetermined mathematical system for entry and exit factors based mostly on specific tips programmed into the system. Mathematics shares much in common with many fields within the physical sciences, notably the exploration of the logical consequences of assumptions.ویژگی چسب لوکو پلاست سینامکس:
سایز چسب زینک اکساید تی جی مد : 5 سانت * 2.5 سانتSinamax Zinc oxide adhesive plasterتعداد 12 رول در هر بسته240 عدد چسب لوکوپلاست 2.5 سانتی در کارتن
لطفا ابتدا وارد شوید.
یک حساب کاربری رایگان برای ذخیره آیتمهای محبوب ایجاد کنید.
یک حساب کاربری رایگان برای استفاده از لیست علاقه مندی ها ایجاد کنید.After the Pope’s shocking announcement of his resignation yesterday, I kept wondering about the timing. Why not resign right away? Why not resign at the beginning or end of a liturgical season? Why not resign on a major feast day? And why 8:00PM?
Pope Benedict XVI announced that he will abdicate the Papal throne at 8:00PM local time on February 28. I believe that most everything he does is symbolic and rich in meaning, as we saw with his gesture of laying his pallium on the tomb of Celestine V. So, if the timing of his resignation is symbolic and meaningful, how so?
First, the date: I believe the date of Pope Benedict’s resignation is tied to the death of John Paul II. Before you call me crazy, let me explain: If you calculate the time from John Paul II’s birth to death, it is 31,000 days (counting his birth-day 05/18/1920, but not his “death-day” 04/02/2005). He died 46 days short of his 85th birthday at the age of 84 years, 10 months and 15 days. Now Benedict XVI is going to resign exactly 31,365 days (counting his birthday 4/16/1927, but not his resignation day 02/28/2013) after his own birth, at the age of 85 years, 10 months and 14 days. Benedict XVI will have served as Pope exactly one year, or 365 days, later into his life than John Paul II.
Now, how about the time? Most official things in the Church–like bishop appointments–happen at noon, Rome time (CEST). The Church calendar officially changes dates at midnight–hence midnight Masses (despite the liturgy of the hours of a feast beginning the evening before). So noon or midnight would have been logical, normal, explainable times for the Pope to step down. So, why 8:00pm? Well, John Paul II was born at 5:30PM UTC+1 and died at 9:37PM UTC+1. Benedict was born at 8:30AM UTC+1 and will resign at 8:00PM UTC+1. So to be extremely precise, from John Paul II’s birth to death was 31,000 days, 4 hours, 7 minutes. From Benedict XVI’s birth to resignation will be 31,365 days, 11 hours, 30 minutes. So the exact difference between JPII’s birth-to-death and Benedict’s birth-to-resignation will be 365 days, 7 hours and 23 minutes. Ok, I have to confess at this point that the time does not seem particularly significant, only the date. If 8:00PM is meaningful, I can’t figure out why. However, I do think it is remarkable that Benedict will serve exactly one year later into life than John Paul II.這起謀殺案是在晚上 11 點報告的
MG（62歲）和他的兒子MM（41歲）因涉嫌在一所房子的地下室犯下嚴重謀殺罪而被捕，其視頻在頁面頂部，並且有照片。
根據提供給 Telegraf 的初步信息，兩人謀殺了他們的教父（在塞爾維亞傳統中，這是伴郎和教父）。受害者是 AD（46 歲），與嫌疑人住在一起，兇手用刀殺死了他。
這起謀殺案是在晚上 11 點報告的。屍體在地下室被發現，到處都是血。
警方展開調查，在屍體所在的房間內發現了一把帶有血蹟的刀，這極有可能是作案用的，而且據觀察，死者的屍體和屍體上的血跡都被擦掉了。地面。
已下令進行屍檢。Jesus Rejected in Nazareth
UNIT 21: SESSION 4 - SUNDAY SCHOOL (PRESCHOOL- 4TH GRADE)
TEACHING ON 5.14.2017
Jesus was about thirty years old when He began His ministry. After John baptized Jesus in the Jordan River, Jesus was tempted in the desert. Jesus traveled to Jerusalem for the Passover. Then, He headed north to Galilee. He went through the region of Samaria, stopping at Jacob’s well to talk to a Samaritan woman.
Jesus began teaching in the synagogues. He went to the town of Nazareth. Nazareth was a small village in the hills between the Sea of Galilee and the Mediterranean Sea. This was where Jesus grew up.
On the Sabbath day, Jesus went into the synagogue. He read aloud the words of the prophet Isaiah. (See Isa. 61:1-2.) Jesus sat down. Everyone’s eyes were on Him as He explained, “Today as you listen, this Scripture has been fulfilled.” What was Jesus saying? Jesus was saying, It’s Me. The words Jesus read were coming true. Some of the people might have remembered Jesus from His youth. They asked, “Isn’t this Joseph’s son?”
Jesus knew their thoughts; Jesus had performed miracles in Capernaum, and the people wanted Jesus to do miracles in His hometown too. Jesus reminded them of two Old Testament accounts. Many widows lived in Israel when the prophet Elijah was there, but God sent Elijah to help a widow in another country. And Elisha likely encountered Israelites who had leprosy, but he healed Naaman the Syrian.
Jesus wanted the people to understand that His miracles were an act of grace—a gift. No one deserves God’s grace, so God may show grace to whomever He pleases—even Gentiles. The people were angry. They drove Jesus away, intending to kill Him, but Jesus escaped through the crowd.
Hundreds of years before Jesus was born, the prophet Isaiah wrote about God’s plan to send a Messiah. He would bring good news and redeem people who were broken and hurting. Jesus read Isaiah’s words and told everyone who was listening that He is the promised Messiah.
Help your kids see that Jesus came to give sight to the blind and to set the captives free. He came preaching good news to all the people groups. Finally, the Messiah had come! Jesus was God’s plan to save sinners. Check this session’s Activity Page and Big Picture Card as well as the Gospel Project for Kids Family App for ways to interact with the Bible content this week
FAMILY STARTING POINTS
Babies and Toddlers
- Jesus is the Messiah.
- Nicodemus went to see Jesus at night.
- Jesus gives people life forever with God.
- God sent Jesus to earth because He loves us.
- Who did Jesus say He is? Jesus said He is God’s Son.
- Jesus told Nicodemus about God’s plan.
- Who did Jesus say He is? Jesus said He is the Messiah.
- Jesus told Nicodemus he must be born again.What does the historicity of Jesus rising from death three days after being crucified have to do with us today? The apostle Paul, when writing in the New Testament states, “And if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your [Christians’] faith is in vain.” Why would it be so crucial that if Jesus did not rise from death than it would negate the faith of billions around the world?
The answer is that a dead God is no God at all. This is one of the crucial distinctions that set’s Christianity apart from every other religion in the world. Apart from them never claiming to actually be god, Siddhartha Gautama Buda, Krishna, Muhammad, Laozi, Confucius, Pythagoras, Mozi, Epicurus and Zeno of Citium are still buried in the ground. In fact, millions of people around the world travel across the globe to visit their graves and pay respect to the founder of their respective religions. Christians, on the other hand, have speculations as to where Jesus’ borrowed grave might have been, but no one really knows for sure because he was only buried in it for three days.
Only 20 years after Jesus physically rose from death and ascended into heaven, Paul wrote to the very people who were still alive after the Son of God was executed. Paul says, “Then he [Jesus] appeared to more than five hundred brothers at one time, most of whom are still alive..”. It was just an understood fact that he had risen from the dead and walked around on earth for 40 days. No one questioned that it had happened because you could just walk up to someone on the street and talk about their conversation that they had with Jesus post death.
For us, the resurrection also has great significance for how we live our lives today. If you are a Christian, it shows what exactly will happen to you when you die one day. One moment you will close your eyes, and the next you will be resurrected to new life in the presence of God Almighty. 2 Corinthians 4.14 says, “… knowing that he who raised the Lord Jesus will raise us also with Jesus and bring us with you into his presence.” Just as Jesus rose, so too will we follow in his footsteps and rise.
It also shows our justification, or having been legally made right with God. If you have faith in Jesus and believe that he lived a perfect life on your behalf, was killed and raised to new life, you have peace that your sin was buried with him in the ground and is not remembered by God anymore. In my own life, I find myself wanting to ask for forgiveness for stuff I did months or even years ago. Of course God knows all things, but in a sense when you continually come to God with sins you did in the past that have already been forgiven of by Jesus, no matter how heinous, God in effect replies, “What are you talking about? I don’t remember that!” Psalm 103.12 says, “as far as the east is from the west, so far does he remove our transgressions from us. So we can have peace that the past is the past, our sins are completely forgiven, and then we move forward to what is ahead in life.
Finally, because of the resurrection we can look forward to what our physical bodies will be like in heaven. The Bible says that we will not decay or get old, we will have physical attractiveness and stunning beauty, and we will also have incredible strength. Imagine what this means for those who have been handicapped their whole life or those who suffer with chronic pain. Maybe this is not too far of a stretch and you suffer with this yourself. Well, there is coming a day when all things will return to what they were originally created to be and all things will be made right.
The very last book of the Bible, when speaking of what heaven will be like upon our resurrection states, “He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death shall be no more, either shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain anymore, for the former things have passed away.” How great a day that will be!Ağustos ayı işlem takvimi değişiklikleri
Ağustos ayı işlem takviminde Birleşik Krallık'taki ulusal resmi yaz tatili nedeniyle değişiklik olacaktır.
Ağustos ayı işlem stratejilerinizi daha iyi planlamanıza yardımcı olmak için aşağıdaki enstrümanların işlem saatleriyle ilgili güncellemeleri paylaşıyoruz:
28 Ağustos:
UK100, Birleşik Krallık hisseleri: tüm gün kapalı.
FBS ile gündemden haberdar olun ve işlem yaparken bu takvim değişikliklerini dikkate alın. Destek birimimiz istediğiniz zaman sorularınızı cevaplamaya hazır.مشاور سیاسی صدام سخنانی درباره مکان حضور او در هنگام سرنگون کردن مجسمه اش مطرح کرده است.
به گزارش پرس شیعه به نقل از پایگاه “مصر العربیه”، سرلشکر محمد شنشل، مشاور سیاسی صدام، مدعی شد که صدام خود شخصاً هنگام سرنگون کردن مجسمه اش در شهر بغداد، نزدیک این مجسمه حضور داشته است. او گفت که صدام، در آن لحظه، در میدان فردوس بغداد بوده است.
شنشل مدعی شد که صدام، به همراه گروهی از معاونانش، با چهرۀ ناشناس در بین جمعیت و در برابر در مقابل مجسمۀ خود حاضر شده بود.صندوق بیمه سرمایه گذاری فعالیتهای معدنی طی ۲سال گذشته ۵۹۲میلیارد تومان بیمه نامه سرمایه گذاری و اعتباری در بخش معدن و صنایع معدنی صادر کرد.
به گزارش اقتصادآنلاین، فرید دهقانی مدیر عامل صندوق بیمه سرمایه گذاری فعالیت های معدنی با اعلام خبر فوق گفت: صندوق بیمه سرمایه گذاری فعالیت های معدنی طی 14 سال از فعالیت خود 1742 فقره بیمه نامه سرمایه گذاری و اعتباری به مبلغ 1028 میلیارد تومان صادر کرده که 592 میلیارد تومان آن مربوط به دو سال گذشته است.
وی عنوان کرد: تقویت صندوق بیمه سرمایه گذاری فعالیت های معدنی به عنوان یکی از نهادهای حمایتی کشور به منظور توسعه سرمایه گذاری های خطرپذیر بخش معدن و صنایع معدنی یکی از اقدامات مهمی است که در سال 98 عملیاتی شد.
دهقانی با اشاره به اقدامات اخیر ایمیدرو در افزایش سرمایه صندوق افزود: یکی از پشتوانه های این صندوق افزایش سرمایه است که در سال 98 از 143 میلیارد به 350 میلیارد تومان رسیده است. این در حالی است که طبق برنامه های سازمان ایمیدرو، این نهاد پشتیبان معادن بخش خصوصی، سال 99 برنامه افزایش سرمایه تا 500 میلیارد تومان را پیش رو دارد.
وی یادآور شد: صندوق بیمه سرمایه گذاری فعالیت های معدنی، حمایت از طرح فعال سازی معادن کوچک را نیز جزو فعالیت های خود دارد.黄河下游远距离输沙技术研究
【摘要】：本文研讨了国内外远距离输送技术的发展现状，针对黄河下游远距离输沙存在的问题，对单泵输送5000m以上的远距离输沙技术进行了研究，并以系统的观点，提出了研制泥浆泵的设计参数和水力模型设计，找到了模型试验结果和研制的原型泵参数。
本文共分6个部分：第一部分为绪论，分别介绍了黄河下游概况及水沙治理情况，研究远距离输沙技术的必要性，现阶段黄河下游远距离输沙技术评介，国内外远距离输送技术水平概况及发展趋势，挖河清淤固堤远程输送技术研究方向，阐述了论文研究的主要内容、目标及技术经济分析；第二部分对泥浆泵设计参数进行了分析研究，确定了边界条件，对颗粒沉降末速进行了计算，对管道直径进行了校核，对管道中平均流速和淤积临界流速进行了计算，对管路沿程损失和总局部损失进行了计算，对相同流量下所需泵的清水扬程进行了计算，对泥浆泵配套功率进行了选择；第三部分为泥浆泵水力模型设计，确定了工况设计参数和泵的设计几何参数；第四部分为模型试验，介绍了泥浆泵水力模型试验结果，将泥浆泵模型换算至原型泵的性能；第五部分为机组设备配套及推广应用前景分析；第六部分为结语；最后是致谢和参考文献目录Why is Satoshi Nakamoto anonymous?
Where did Bitcoin come from? Who created it and why? What is its purpose? Could just one
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the pattern of demand for skilled labour world-wide, increasing the proportion of young people who participate in upper secondary or higher education can only be one part of the solution, for several reasons. First, an inflow of better-educated young people can only gradually change the overall educational level of the existing workforce. Second, educational attainment is only one component of human capital accumulation since knowledge and skills continue to be acquired lifelong, not only in education settings but also through family life, from experience with communities and in business. Strategies for developing lifelong learning opportunities must therefore look beyond mainstream educational programmes and qualifications if they are to ensure optimal investment in human capital. Indicator C4
brings together evidence from the International Adult Literacy Survey (1994-1998) and national household surveys on adult education and training, which both provide some understanding of participation in job-related education and training of the employed.
The international dimension of higher education is receiving more and more attention. The general trend towards freely circulating capital, goods and people, coupled with changes in the openness of labour markets, have increased the demand for new kinds of skills and knowledge in OECD countries. Governments are looking increasingly to higher education to play a role in broadening the horizons of students and allowing them to develop a deeper understanding of the multiplicity of languages, cultures and business methods in the world.
One way for students to expand their knowledge is to attend higher educational institutions in countries other than their own. International student mobility involves costs and benefits to students and institutions in sending and host countries alike. While the direct short-term monetary costs and benefits of this mobility are relatively easy to measure, the long-term social and economic benefits to students, institutions and countries are more difficult to quantify. The number of students studying in other countries ( Indicator C3
), however, provides some idea of the extent of student mobility.ثبت ۱۷۴۳ گروه جهادی در سامانه اطلس جهادی استان سیستان و بلوچستان
معاون هماهنگ کننده سپاه سلمان سیستان و بلوچستان گفت: در سطح سیستان وبلوچستان هزار و ۷۴۳ گروه جهادی در اطلس گروه های جهادی ثبت شده که از این تعداد ۱۳۵ گروه ویژه، ۴۱۰ گروه فعال و هزار و ۱۹۸ گروه عادی هستند؛ چنان که هزار و ۳۲۳ گروه را برادران و ۴۱۱ گروه را بانوان تشکیل می دهند.
سردار عوضعلی فقیری در نشست خبری با اصحاب رسانه که به مناسبت هفته بسیج سازندگی در مهمانسرای ۵ آذر برگزار شد، بیان کرد: پس از اینکه موضوع بیانیه گام دوم از سوی رهبر انقلاب مشخص شد، سند اعتلای ۱۰ ساله بسیج تحت عنوان " دستورالمعل اجرایی بیانیه گام دوم" به تصویب فرمانده معظم کل قوا رسیده و از طریق ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح و فرمانده کل سپاه به سازمان بسیج، و در نهایت به استان ها ابلاغ شده است.
وی تصریح کرد: چهار راهبرد اصلی در این مقوله گنجانده شده که "محرومیت زدایی و ایجاد اشتغال" از مهمترین آنها است، و محور تمامی این امورات سازمان بسیج سازندگی می باشد.
معاون هماهنگ کننده سپاه سلمان استان با اشاره به اینکه بسیج سازندگی تنها رده از رده های بسیج و سپاه است که در بودجه، برنامه ریزی و توسعه استان ها ردیف بودجه ای دارد و می تواند برای رفع محرومیت ها برنامه داشته باشد، افزود: در این راستا رسالت این قشر از بسیج همکاری، هم افزایی و کمک به دولت در جهت محرومیت زدایی و اشتغالزایی است.
به گفته وی، در تحقق این مسیر گروه های جهادی ابزار در دست بسیج سازندگی هستند، گروه هایی که توسط مردم تشکیل و سازماندهی شده و ضمن ارائه آموزش، ثبت سامانه اطلس گروه های جهادی برای خدمت در تمامی عرصه ها می شوند.
وی تاکید کرد: این گروه ها در قالب ۴۰ گروه تخصصی فرهنگی، بیش از ۱۰۰ گروه تخصصی عمرانی، بیش از ۸۰ گروه در حوزه بهداشت و درمان، ۱۲۰ گروه از اقشار مختلف در حوزه اقتصاد مقاومتی و اشتغالزایی، هزار و ۳۱۲ گروه درعرصه محرومیت زدایی وخدمات عمومی و ۹۰ گروه هم در عرصه تخصصی آموزشی فعالیت دارند، افزون بر آنکه یک قرارگاه برون مرزی برای سازماندهی مهاجرین افغانی نیز در منطقه سیستان برای رفع مشکلات این قشر فعال بوده؛ و گروه های جهادی خارج از استان هم برای رفع مشکلات این خطه ورود کرده و با توجه به تخصص و توانمندی خود به ارائه خدمات در منطقه می پردازند.
فقیری ادامه داد: قرارگاه پیشرفت و آبادانی در سپاه سیستان وبلوچستان در منطقه شمال و قسمتی از جنوب استان فعال می باشد که موضوعات تخصصی را دنبال می کند، موضوع انتقال آب از چاه نیمه ها در زابل یکی از محورهایی بود که اقدام جهادی و شبانه روزی این قرارگاه توانست مانع از ایجاد بحران شدید آبی در این خطه شود.
وی گفت: در منطقه جنوب شرق و شمال غرب به دلیل وضعیت امنیتی برخی از عرصه هایی که توسط بسیج سازندگی انجام می شود با همت و همکاری قرارگاه قدس در دستور کار است که از جمله آن جاده سازی روستایی و یا آبرسانی به بیش از هزار روستا است، تا با بازسازی و نصب مخزن در بازه زمانی ۳۰ ماهه، مشکلات را برطرف شود.
معاون هماهنگ کننده سپاه سلمان استان در بخش دیگر سخنان خود اظهار کرد: رزمایش "مقتدرانه جهادی" به مناسبت هفته بسیج سازندگی از ۱۷ تا ۲۷ اردیبهشت ماه در دستور کار قرار دارد، در این رزمایش ۴۵۲ گروه جهادی اقدام به خدمت رسانی در اقصی نقاط استان می کنند، که اهم اقدامات با اولویت نقاط حاشیه نشین انجام می شود.
وی با بیان اینکه سپاه حافظ انقلاب و دستاوردهای آن است، گفت: یکی از مهمترین دستاوردهای انقلاب مردم هستند؛ ما نوکر و خادم مردم هستیم و از جان خود برای امنیت آنها دریغ نمی کنیم.
این مسئول با اشاره به اجرای رزمایش کمک مومنانه سازمان بسیج سازندگی سپاه سلمان، ادامه داد: توزیع بسته های معیشتی و بهداشتی، توزیع جهیزیه، توزیع وسایل گرمایشی و سرمایشی، توزیع آرد و نان و غذای گرم، توزیع پوشاک و کفش، ویزیت رایگان بیماران، توزیع تانکر آب و آب معدنی از جمله خدمات ارائه شده در رزمایش فوق است که ارزش اعتباری آنها بیش از ۴۹۹ میلیارد تومان است.
وی افزود: فعال سازی ستاد گرامیداشت هفته بسیج سازندگی و برگزاری جلسات قرارگاه های بسیج سازندگی محرومیت زدایی و اقتصاد مقاومتی، برگزاری جلسات مجمع جهادگران در خصوص رزمایش جهادگران فاطمی، فضاسازی محیطی و تبیلغ رزمایش جهادگران فاطمی در فضای مجازی از جمله اقدامات قبل از رزمایش هفته بسیج سازندگی است.
فقیری تصریح کرد: فراخوان و تجمع گروه های جهادی در قالب رزمایش جهادگران فاطمی، توزیع کمک های مومنانه، بازدید هیئت مدعو از پروژه های جهادگران، افتتاح پروژه های محرومیت زدایی با محوریت مهرستان، افتتاح پروژه های اقتصاد مقاومتی با محوریت ایرانشهر، افتتاح پروژه های جهادی و محرومیت زدایی با محوریت نیکشهر، جلسه با جهادگران قصرقند، غبارروبی مزار شهدا، همایش جهادگران سواحل مکران، شروع به کار پروژه های آبرسانی(روستاهای هدف قرارگاه محرومیت زدایی بسیج سازندگی) از مهترین برنامه های این هفته است.Hulu是一项基于订阅的在线流媒体服务，并且由于订阅是按月进行的，因此您可以添加或删除其他查看选项或取消订阅，因此有可能获得全额退款或按比例分配的账单。因此，您无需采取任何措施即可收到退款，但退款可能需要3到5天才能显示在对帐单上。
但是，如果您遇到了重复付款或帐户中需要Hulu解决的错误，则需要先登录帐户以查看帐户历史记录，然后致电此处的客户服务部门以获取开票的帮助。
如果您认为由于付款错误而欠了您退款，那么Hulu会列出以下情况，作为您不同付款方式的可能原因。请继续阅读以了解更多信息。
暂时搁置
如果您最近注册了Hulu或更新了帐户中的付款信息，则可能会看到授权保留，该授权保留在财务报表上显示为待处理交易。
您编辑了Hulu订阅
更新您的Hulu计划可能会导致您的每月总数发生变化。
例如，如果您订阅了我们的Hulu附加支持计划，并决定加入附加组件，则在下一个结算周期开始之前，您会看到该附加组件按比例收取费用，但以后的每月帐单将反映出费用，包括您购买的所有附件。
税收
如果增加幅度很小，则很可能要向您收取税款。
促销结束
促销是临时性的，因此当它们结束时，您的每月总额将停止反映促销金额，并转换为标准定价。检查您的帐户以获取更多详细信息。
在成千上万的Hulu客户来到GetHuman寻求针对此问题（以及许多其他问题）的答案之后，我们认为是时候发布说明了。因此，我们将我如何从Hulu获得退款？组合在一起以尝试提供帮助。根据其他用户来完成这些步骤需要花费时间，包括花费在完成每个步骤和联系Hulu（如有必要）上的时间。祝您好运，如果您通过此页面上的指南成功解决了问题，请告诉我们。
为了帮助客户更快地解决客户服务问题，GetHuman致力于寻找诸如Hulu之类的大型组织的信息已有10多年的历史了。我们从联系信息开始，并以最快的方式与大公司联系。特别是IVR或电话菜单系统缓慢或复杂的系统。或拥有自助服务论坛而不是客户服务部门的公司。从那里，我们意识到消费者仍然需要更详细的帮助来解决最常见的问题，因此我们扩展到了这一指南，并且这一指南每天都在增长。并且，如果您发现我们的我如何从Hulu获得退款？指南存在任何问题，请通过向我们发送反馈来告知我们。我们希望尽可能提供帮助。如果您喜欢本指南，请与您最喜欢的人分享。我们的免费信息和工具由您（客户）提供支持。使用它的人越多，获得的效果就越好。Sual: Bir şeyi adamak nasıl olur?
CEVAP
Bir şeyi adamak iki türlü olur: Mutlak adak, şarta bağlı adak.
1- Mutlak adak:
(Allah için, bir yıl oruç tutacağım) demek gibidir. Bir şarta bağlı değildir. Bunu söylerken, kastetmese de, söz arasında dilinden çıkmış ise de, yapması vacib olur. Çünkü, adakta niyetsiz, düşünmeden söylemek, ciddi, isteyerek söylemek gibidir. Hatta, (Allah için, bir gün oruç tutmak üzerime borç olsun) diyeceği yerde, (bir ay oruç tutmak) diye ağzından çıksa, bir ay tutması gerekir.
Adak, yemine benzer. Bir kimse (Adağım olsun) dese, neyi adadığını söylemese ve niyet etmese, yemin kefareti vermesi gerekir. Bir kimse, Allah rızası için oruç tutayım dese, kaç gün olduğunu söylemese ve bir şey niyet etmese veya yalnız adak için niyet etse, bu orucu adak olur ve üç gün oruç tutar. Bunu söylerken, adak olmayıp, yemin olmasını niyet etse, yemin olur. Orucu bozarsa, yemin kefareti gerekir. Hem adak, hem yemin olmasını niyet ederse, bu oruç, hem yemin, hem de adak olur. Bu orucu bozarsa, hem kaza, hem de yemin kefareti gerekir.
İbadet olması gerekir
Adak edilen şeyin, farz veya vacib olan bir ibadete benzemesi ve başlı başına bir ibadet olması gerekir. Mesela, abdest almak, ölü kefenlemek başlı başına ibadet olmadıklarından adak olamaz. Hasta ziyaret etmek, cenaze taşımak, gusletmek, cami içine girmek, Kur’an-ı kerimi tutmak, ezan okumak, cami bina etmek de ibadet ise de, başlı başına ibadet değildir.
Şarta bağlı olmayan adağı, fakir olsa da, hemen yapması gerekir.
2- Şarta bağlı olan adak:
Murat edilen şart hasıl olunca, adağı yerine getirmesi gerekir. Yerine getirmeyip, yemin kefareti yapmak caizdir.
Adak yapmak, istenilen bir şeyin hâsıl olmasına bağlanırsa, şart ettiği şey hasıl olunca, adak ettiği şeyi yapmak gerekir. Hâsıl olmasını istemediği bir şeyi şart ederse, istemediği şey hasıl olunca, hac, oruç, sadaka, nafile namaz gibi adaklarını, isterse yapar. İstemezse, yapmayıp, yemin kefareti verir. Mesela, Ali ile konuşursam, Allah için yüz lira sadaka adağım olsun der ve Ali ile konuşursa, isterse, sadakayı verir, isterse vermeyip, yemin kefareti verir.
Şarta bağlı olan adağı, şart hâsıl olmadan önce yapmak caiz değildir. Mesela, hastam iyi olursa, Allah için şu kadar sadaka vermek ve sevabını seyyid Ahmed Bedevi hazretlerine bağışlamak adağım olsun dense, hasta iyi olmadan önce adağı yapmak caiz olmaz. Hasta iyi olduktan sonra yapması gerekir. Şarta bağlı olan adağı yaparken de yeri, fakirin şahsını ve fakirlerin sayılarını ve paranın cinsini de söylediği gibi yapmak gerekmez.
Kurban demek, bayramın ilk üç gününde zengin için vacib, fakir için ise nafile olarak kesilen davar, sığır veya deve demektir. Bu bakımdan adak yapılırken, kurban denilmişse, Kurban bayramında kesilir. Kurban denmeden, mesela bir koyun keseceğim denirse, gün ve yer belli etse bile, Kurban bayramı günleri dahil, istediği zaman ve istediği yerde kesebilir.
Adağı yerine getirmeli
Adağı yerine getirmek lazım olduğu, Kur’an-ı kerimde ve hadis-i şerifte bildirilmiş ve icma-i ümmet hasıl olmuştur. Hac suresi, 29. âyet-i kerimesinde mealen, (Adaklarını yerine getirsinler) buyurulmuştur. Bunun için, adağı yerine getirmek vacibdir. Farz diyen âlimler de olmuştur.
Kalbden yemin ve adak
Sual: Dille söylemeden, kalbden yapılan adak ve yemin geçerli olur mu?
CEVAP
Hayır, kalbden geçirmekle adak veya yemin olmaz. Dille söylenmesi gerekir.
Farz olan bir şeyi adamak
Sual: Bu imtihanı geçersem, Eyüp Sultan’da bir vakit ikindi namazı kılacağım diye adansa, evde veya başka camide kılınsa caiz olmaz mı?
CEVAP
Yapılması kendisine farz olan bir şeyi adamak sahih olmaz. İkindiyi kılmak zaten farzdır. Yani bu adak sahih değildir. Nafile namaz adanmış olsaydı, adak sahih olurdu; fakat Eyüp Sultan’da kılmak gerekmezdi, başka yerde de kılınabilirdi.
Şükür için kurban
Sual: Şükür niyetiyle, (Hastalıktan kurtulan babam için bir kurban keseyim) demek adak olur mu?
CEVAP
Evet, olur.
Horozdan adak olur
Sual: Tavuktan, horozdan kurban olmaz, ama adak da mı olmaz?
CEVAP
Adak olur elbette. Kurban olmaz demek, adak da olmaz demek değildir. Adakta, yapılması adanan şeyin, farz veya vacib olan bir ibadete benzemesi ve başlı başına bir ibadet olması gerekir. Mesela sadaka vermek nafile bir ibadettir, ama farz olan zekâta benzediği için adak olabilir.
Canlı tavuk, horoz adamak caiz olduğu gibi, kesip etini fakirlere yedirmek de adanabilir. Hattâ bir yumurta bile adamakta mahzur yoktur. Adak fakirlere verilir.
Hasta ziyaret etmek, adak olur mu?
Sual: Bir kimse, şu işim olursa falan hastayı ziyaret etmek adağım olsun dese, bu hastayı ziyaret etmek adak olur mu ve yerine getirilmesi gerekir mi?
Cevap: Adak edilen şeyin, farz veya vacib olan bir ibadete benzemesi ve başlı başına bir ibadet olması lazımdır. Mesela, abdest almak, ölü kefenlemek başlı başına ibadet olmadıklarından adak olamaz. Hasta ziyaret etmek, cenaze taşımak, gusül etmek, cami içine girmek, Kur’ân-ı kerimi tutmak, ezan okumak, mektep, okul bina etmek, yapmak, cami bina etmek, yapmak da ibadet ise de, başlı başına ibadet değildir. Nezir, adak olunmazlar. Nezir, adak edilen şeyin benzemesi lazım olan farzın, vacibin başlı başına ibadet olması lazım değildir. Mesela, bir şey vakfetmeyi adamak caizdir. Çünkü vakıf, Müslümanlar için cami bina etmeye, yapmaya benzemektedir. Cami yapmak, başlı başına bir ibadet değil ise de, vakıf başlı başına ibadettir. Mesela, abdest almak, başlı başına ibadet olmayıp, başlı başına ibadet olan namazın bir şartıdır. Ölüyü kefenlemek de, cenaze namazının kabul olması için şarttır. Ölünün setr-i avreti, yani örtülü olması, cenaze namazının şartıdır.泽伦斯基在军事登记和征兵办公室安排了一场政治迫害
资料来源：spectator.co.uk
内部的敌人
到八月中旬，乌克兰总统办公室做出的决定已经成熟——解雇全国各地的地区军事委员。 这个决定是史无前例的。 事实上，在没有经过审判和调查的情况下，就决定一举罢免领导人，其中肯定有对政权有用的诚实的民族主义者。 但没有时间去猜测和找出真相——前线士兵会
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far greater for Philip than for Anne. Sidney was personally upset to lose Anne to Oxford, who could have sought any woman in Christendom.
In Merry Wives, Oxfordians see a reflection of Philip Sidney in the youthful suitor Slender, while Oxford is represented by Fenton. With Sidney as Slender, Slender’s uncle, the unscrupulous Justice Robert Shallow, can be seen as Sidney’s uncle, the powerful Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, who, as the Queen’s favorite, was a law unto himself in England.
SLENDER. I had a father, Mistress Anne; my uncle can tell you good jestsof him. Pray you, uncle, tell Mistress Anne the jest how my father stole two geese out of a pen, good uncle.
SHALLOW. Mistress Anne, my cousin loves you.
“Cousin” is generic for a close relative, but “uncle,” here, is specific. In the real events, the scheming to link the Dudley-Sidney family faction to the Cecils featured wooing by the grownups on behalf of young Sidney.
Philip Sidney was “slender” not only because he was skinny, but also because of his slender finances: he had no money. In the play, Slender’s relatives put up land as security to offer Ann a dowry in the form of a jointure worth hundreds of pounds per annum. There are several specific “dollar figures” in the play regarding marriage payments, all of which dovetail with actual numbers in the extant SidneyCecil negotiations for the hand of young Anne (Miller 2: 172-176) (8).
In Act 1, scene 1 Slender says that he will be poor “till my mother be dead.” The surviving documents show that Sidney’s accounting of future assets which could be offered to Anne Cecil included a huge amount of money that he would inherit when his mother (Leicester’s sister) died, but only a moderate inheritance if the father died (Miller 2: 172 174).
In Merry Wives it is only Fenton who directly courts Ann, and who also understands that he must negotiate with her father.
Even if the marriage between Oxford and Anne was arranged from above, and Oxford had no initial romantic interest in her, there is evidence from her father’s letters that Oxford pursued Anne by negotiating directly with William Cecil (Read 127-128) (9).
There is also an odd exchange involving Dr. Caius that gives a comic clue to Ann Page’s identity.
Dr. Caius is the third suitor to Ann Page, and to get him out of the way he is told to meet Ann, ready to elope, at Herne’s Oak where she will be dressed in green; Caius is thus tricked into running off with a boy dressed in green.
FENTON For they must all be mask’d and vizarded
That quaint in green she shall be loose enrob’d
(Act 4 scene 6)
MRS. PAGE. Master Doctor, my daughter is in green; when you see your time, take her by the hand, away with her to the deanery, and dispatch it quickly. Go before into the Park; we two must go together.
CAIUS. I know vat I have to do; adieu.
(Act 5, scene 3)
Then, after he has been snookered:
MRS. PAGE. Good George, be not angry. I knew of your purpose; turn’d mydaughter into green; and, indeed, she is now with the Doctor at thedean’ry, and there married.
CAIUS. Vere is Mistress Page? By gar, I am cozened; I ha’ married un garcon, a boy; un paysan, by gar a boy; it is not Ann Page; by gar, I am cozened.
MRS. PAGE. Why, did you take her in green?
CAIUS. Ay, be gar, and ’tis a boy; be gar, I’ll raise all Windsor
FORD. This is strange. Who hath got the right Ann?
PAGE. My heart misgives me; here comes Master Fenton.
Master Fenton is described in the play both as a gentleman, and a nobleman. In Act III, scene 2, Page says of him: “The gentleman is of no having: he kept company with the wild Prince and Poins; he is of too high a region, he knows too much. “Too high a region” can only refer to an aristocrat. In Act III, scene 4, Fenton himself says: “I am too great of birth.”
Fenton speaks poetry, he has a wild past, and though he is low on cash, he is one also who, rather amazingly, finishes the drama by outwitting the other suitors to Ann Page and winning her hand in marriage.
As one watches the play unfold, one may be astounded that Shakespeare gives the prize to Fenton, without knowing this history which lurks behind the scenes.
Fenton “smells of April and May” (that is, he is springlike, or Ver).
Interestingly, there was a real person of the era named Fenton who was acquainted with William Cecil, Oxford and Anne. Soldier and writer Geoffrey Fenton was stationed in Ireland from 1580 to 1585, and his letters to Walsingham and Cecil are extant (Clark’s 520-521) (10).
Fenton dedicated one of his books to Anne Cecil de Vere, the Countess Oxford. The work is entitled: Golden Epistles, containing variety of discourse gathered as well out of the remainder of Guevara’s works, as other authors, Latin, French, and Italian (Williams 189).
The first edition was printed in 1575, and the book was popular enough to be reprinted in 1577, and again in 1582 (Pollard 1: 481).
Fenton also translated material that was “used by Shakespeare.” The book, Certaine Tragicall Discourses of Bandello, 1567, is cited by Bullough as a likely source for Othello (Bullough 7: 253).
In Merry Wives, the character Fenton sounds quite like young Oxford, Cecil’s ward.
FENTON. I see I cannot get thy father’s love; Therefore no more turn me to him, sweet Nan.
ANNE. Alas, how then?
FENTON. Why, thou must be thyself. He doth object I am too great of birth; And that, my state being gall’d with my expense. I seek to heal it only by his wealth. Besides these, other bars he lays before me, My riots past, my wild societies; And tells me ‘tis a thing impossible I should love thee but as a property.
ANNE.. May be he tells you true.
(Act 3, scene 4)
And in Act 3, Scene 2:
HOST. What say you to young Master Fenton? He capers, he dances, he has eyes of youth, he writes verses, he speaks holiday, he smells April and May; he will carry ‘t, he will carry ‘t; ’tis in his buttons; he will carry ‘t.
PAGE. Not by my consent, I promise you. The gentleman is of no having: he kept company with the wild Prince and Poins; he is of too high a region, he knows too much. No, he shall not knit a knot in his fortunes with the finger of my substance; if he take her, let him take her simply; the wealth I have waits on my consent, and my consent goes not that way.
Portraying Fenton as one of the associates of Poins and Prince Hal links him to the Boars Head Tavern gang in 1 Henry IV. The Gads Hill incident of the Henry play, so similar to an actual skirmish in Oxford’s early life, furthers the identification of Fenton with Oxford (Ogburn 529).
It is also noteworthy that Oxford’s Men, an adult troupe from the late 1590s, last played the Boars Head in 1602, the very year that Merry Wives was first published (Chambers 2: 101).
No single character in Merry Wives is exclusively Oxford. As a suitor he is Fenton; as a jealous husband he is Ford/Brooke; and as a weary philosopher and bawd, he speaks as Falstaff.
Appropriately enough in a play that weaves its plot around the Garter activities of Windsor Castle, Merry Wives begins and ends with discussions that involve Heraldry. In Act I, scene 1, there is some discussion of Shallow’s coat of arms:
SLENDER. All his successors, gone before him, hath done’t; and all his ancestors, that come after him, may: they may give the dozen white luces in their coat.
SHALLOW. It is an old coat.
In a magnificent piece of detective work Dorothy and Charlton Ogburn Sr. discovered that the Earl of Leicester’s father, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, possessed coat armor that displayed, in one version, twelve luces. This tends to cement the proper identification of Shallow with Leicester.
Moreover, as Leicester’s father lost the Northumberland title before Leicester could inherit it, he himself could not display the luces in his arms. As Shallow says, “it is an old coat” (Ogburn Sr. 741742) (11).
Lost Caley Greyhounds
There is another seemingly throwaway exchange about Page’s greyhound being “outrun on Cotsall.” A dog race that couldn’t be judged is the context:
PAGE. I am glad to see you, good Master Slender.
SLENDER. How does your fallow greyhound, sir? I heard say he was outrun on Cotsall.
PAGE. It could not be judg’d, sir.
SLENDER. You’ll not confess, you’ll not confess.
SHALLOW. That he will not. ‘Tis your fault; ’tis your fault; ’tis a good dog.
PAGE. A cur, sir.
SHALLOW. Sir, he’s a good dog, and a fair dog. Can there be more said?
PAGE. He is good, and fair.
Because this little bit of banter has nothing to do with the plot, and is not particularly funny, the language and symbols are intriguing. A special greyhound, a “Calgreyhound”, was an heraldic symbol used by the earlier Earls of Oxford up to the 16th Earl, but was never used by Edward de Vere. His predecessors, the Earls John, often used arms with Calgreyhounds as supporters (Dennys 153) (12).
The arms of Edward , the seventeenth Earl of Oxford, feature a Blue Boar and a Harpy as supporters (Ogburn 439; Miller 2: 51).
It may be that Oxford was prevented from using the Calgreyhounds because of the loss of certain properties and/or titles, such as keeper of the Forest of Essex, which may have been associated with those Heraldic animals.
In the play, the greyhound is described as fallow, which usually means unused. But the dog is repeatedly labeled “good and fair.” Cotsall is an archaic form of Cotswolds, the hill country in Gloucestershire. Each word, “Cotsall” and “Cotswolds” is used only once by Shakespeare. I couldn’t help but notice an anagram that leaps out of “Cotsall Greyhound”:
Greyhound + Cotsall = Calgreyhound Lost!
The Calgreyhound has also been noticed in a woodcut emblem appearing on the title page of a book containing editorial comments by Oxford, The Hekatompathia, 1582. A similar woodcut, redesigned, but still showing two Calgreyhounds, appears inside the First Folio of Shakespeare’s plays, 1623.
The Garter Inn Scenes
Merry Wives contains another subplot, a peculiar one about Germans who are allegedly cozening and stealing horses in the Windsor area. The point of this strain is apparently to poke fun at the Garter Hierarchy, represented in the play in the character of the Garter Host, who is simply the owner of a tavern named The Garter.
Because the real life events that inspired these farcical scenes took place in the 1590s, I believe these scenes were added to the play at that time. It is peculiar that most of the scenes relating to this incident are missing from the 1602 quarto, but do appear in the text in 1623 (Riverside 315).
Despite the fact that so many of his Vere predecessors were made Knights of the Garter, Edward de Vere was never invited to join this exclusive club . While a number of his contemporaries who were below him in rank were admitted to the Order of the Garter, Oxford was snubbed, year after year (Moore 1).
Such disrespect from his community of peers must have hurt. Much of the satire in Merry Wives may stem from the desire to even the score with the stodgy Garter hierarchy based at Windsor Castle. He also used his playwright’s prerogative to “knight” his theater manager Henry Evans, making him “Sir Hugh” in the play.
In the final scene, the Fairy Queen commands the sprites to kiss and bless all the heraldic banners in Windsor castle. This set of flags included the numerous Vere banners of the earlier Earls of Oxford.
Note the peculiar gratuitous use of “every,” “fair,” and “evermore” in the blessing prayer.
FAIRY QUEEN: . . . with juice of balm and every precious flower; Each fair installment, coat, and sev’ral crest, With loyal blazon, evermore be blest! (5: 5)
There is yet another reference in Merry Wives that may relate to Oxford’s family and Heraldic arms:
EVANS. Have a care of your entertainments. There is a friend of mine come to town tells me there is three cozengermans that has cozen’d all the hosts of Readins, of Maidenhead, of Colebrook, of horses and money. I tell you for good will, look you; you are wise, and full of gibes and vlouting-stogs, and ’tis not convenient you should be cozened. Fare you well. (4:5)
Reading, Maidenhead, and Colebrook were once little villages in the vicinity of Windsor Castle (today they are gritty cities). But Colebrook was also one of the Coats of Honor on Edward de Vere’s Heraldic Arms (Dennys 128).
Oxford’s chronic bad luck and inability to hold on to money and estates cost him a lot of properties that he may have felt he was literally “entitled” to. Perhaps Oxford felt his family had been cozened out of the Colebrook family inheritance estates.
Merry Wives contains the famous “Lapis” scene, the Latin lesson featuring Hugh Evans and a young pupil. In both this play and As You Like It, a young farm boy is given an interesting “quiz and lesson,” and in both cases the boys are named “William.”
EVANS. Peace your tattlings. What is ‘fair,’ William?
QUICKLY. Polecats! There are fairer things than polecats, sure.
EVANS. You are a very simplicity oman; I pray you, peace. What is ‘lapis,’ William?
WILLIAM. A stone.
EVANS. And what is ‘a stone,’ William?
WILLIAM. A pebble.
EVANS. No, it is ‘lapis’; I pray you remember in your prain.
EVANS. That is a good William. What is he, William, that does lend articles?
WILLIAM. Articles are borrowed of the pronoun, and be thus declined: Singulariter, nominativo; hic, haec, hoc. (4:1)
In Thomas Nashe’s Strange Newes (1592), there is a famous dedication which says in part : “To the most copious Carminist of our time, and famous persecutor of Priscian his verie friend Master Apis Lapis…” (McKerrow’s Nashe 1: 247).
Oxfordian researchers have suggested that the Apis in “Apis Lapis” might refer to apes, a Bee, or to Apis the Bull/Ox . The conventional translation of the rebus has been “Beestone”, but no William Beestone is known that would fit the entirety of the descriptions given by Nashe (Ogburn 725 – 726).
Apis the Bull is not mentioned by name in the Bible, though a certain generic “golden calf” is well known. Any question as to whether the Elizabethans would have known about Apis the Egyptian Bull must be answered in the affirmative, as the Bull god is directly called “Apis” in the Ninth Book of Ovid’s Metamorphoses, and it appears in the Golding translation.
In the Latin of Ovid :
cum qua latrator Anubis, sanctaque Bubastis,
variusque coloribus Apis,quique premit vocem digitoque
(Book 9, line 690-691)
In Frank Justis Miller’s translation :
Near her were seen the dog Anubis, sacred Bubastis, dappled Apis,
and the god who enjoins silence with his finger on his lips.
(Miller, F.J. 312)
In the Golding version, the author has padded out the Latin in a youthful, extravagant way:
. . . attendant on her were the barking dog Anubis, and the Saint of Bubast, and The pydecoat Apis, and the god that gives to understand By fingar holden too his lippes that men should silent keepe. . . .
(Book 9, line 815)
So the Elizabethans, and more importantly, the young Oxford, steeped in Ovid, must have known about this mythic figure Apis. In Egyptian myth, Apis wore a coat of many colors. In the Biblical story, the wearer of a manycolored coat, Joseph, was in exile in Egypt.
Apis was almost certainly the golden calf worshipped in Sinai by Moses’ wayward flock; he was also the herald of the Egyptian pantheon, that is, he led the procession of the gods. His multicolored apparel, dappled or piedcoat, is remarkably similar in concept to the garish coats that English heralds wear in ceremonial functions and parades.
Apis Lapis, when Apis is translated as “ox” or “bull,” becomes “bull stone” or “ox stone.” The Elizabethans used the gallstones of oxen for a variety of purposes; among other things, they were a crucial component of black writing ink (12).
In fact Shakespeare even refers to gall as an ingredient in ink in the plays:
SIR TOBY. Go, write it in a martial hand; be curst and brief; it is no matter how witty, so it be eloquent and full of invention. /Let there be gall enough in thy ink, though thou write with a goosepen, no matter.
(Twelfth Night Act
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, but comprehension tended to fall off with the longer texts. That may lead me to try to do more to build stamina with this student.
And so on.
Basically, the information that you are collecting should describe how well the student does with particular types of texts (in terms of discourse types, length, topic familiarity, and difficulty), rather than trying to figure out which comprehension skills the individual question responses may reveal.
If a student does well with many of the passages, then he or she will likely do well with the comprehension standards — as long as these weekly dipsticks are reflective of the difficulty, lengths, and types of texts that will appear on the end-of-year tests.
And, If students perform poorly with many of the passages, then their performance on all question types will be affected.Martins Kazaks şubat ve mart aylarında yapılacak ECB Yönetim Konseyi toplantılarında faiz oranlarının "ciddi şekilde" artırılmasını beklediğini söyledi.
"Gelecek iki toplantıda hala oldukça büyük adımlar atıyor olacağımızı düşünüyorum" diye konuşan Kazaks, "Elbette eğer biz enflasyonu yüzde 2'ye düşürmek için uygun olduğunu değerlendirirsek atılacak adımlar daha küçük hale gelebilir" ifadelerini de kullandı.(Milliyet)
ECB, 2022 yılında faizi 250 baz puan yükseltti. Piyasalar şubat ve mart aylarında 50'şer baz puanlık artırımlar yapılacağını fiyatlıyor.مرگ بیش از 1400 نفر در گردباد سهمگین در پورتوریکو
حکومت پورتوریکو خبر مرگ بیش از 1400 نفر در اثر گردباد ماریا در ماه سپتامبر را تایید کرد
حکومت پورتوریکو خبر مرگ بیش از 1400 نفر در اثر گردباد ماریا در ماه سپتامبر را تایید کرد.
در گزارشی تحت عنوان " تغییر و نوآوری در پی ویرانی " که از سوی حکومت پورتوریکو به کنگره ارائه گردید، اعلام شد : بموجب اطلاعات اولیه در نتیجه این گردباد سهمگین 64 نفر جان باختند. این رقم تخمینی بعدها به 1427 نفر افزایش یافت.
مرکز ملی گردباد پورتوریکو اعلام کرد در تثبیت علت مرگ و میرهای ناشی از گردباد شدید تنها ویرانی های ناشی از شدت وزش باد مانند واژگون شدن درختان و ماندن انسانها در زیر آنها مد نظر قرار داده شد حال آنکه قطع شدن جریان برق، ناکفایی لوازم پزشکی نیز از جمله دیگر عوامل افزایش تعداد قربانیان این بلای طبیعی می باشد.7月31日，据意大利天空体育报道，里尔射手拉斐尔-莱昂已通过AC米兰体检，签约在即。
意大利天空体育称，莱昂在本周二早上就到达米兰，目前在进行体检，然后将会与米兰签订一份5年的合同。莱昂的到来将填补库特罗内离队空缺。
据悉转会费为3000万欧元，此前曝出的身价约在500万欧的米兰青训小将蒂亚戈-贾洛会被纳入交易之中这一消息，意大利天空体育在这次的报道中没有提到。
拉斐尔-莱昂，1999年6月10日出生于葡萄牙阿尔马达，
更多精彩尽在这里，详情点击：https://juantapiasfotografia.com/，里昂莱昂的意思场上司职左边锋，效力于法国里昂俱乐部。
上赛季联赛中，莱昂出场24次，打入8粒进球并配有3个助攻。同时他也入选了葡萄牙U21国家队，并且出战了欧青赛。Davie has domestic violence hotline
Published 1:47 pm Thursday, April 28, 2022
Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control over another person through fear and intimidation, often including the threat or use of violence. Domestic violence happens when one person believes he/she is entitled to maintain coercive control over their partner.
According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men have experienced some form of physical violence by an intimate partner. Violence may consist of physical, sexual, coercive, financial, and/or technological abuse.
Often times victims of domestic violence or intimate partner violence are hesitant to reach out for help for fear that the violence will increase, fear of losing their children, fear the batterers will take the children or harm them or another family member. In addition to fear, victims often times have limited resources to seek help and/or leave the batterer. The lack of resources may be but not limited to; financial means, transportation, childcare, employment, food, clothing, medical care, and housing.
Domestic violence does not discriminate-it impacts people regardless of age, gender, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation or education.
If you or a loved one have experienced domestic violence or sexual assault, you are not alone, and there is help. Davie Center for Violence Prevention is available 24/7 to provide support, information and create a plan for safety. All services are voluntary, free and confidential.
Davie Center for Violence Prevention crisis line is 336-751-(HELP) 3457.4 Tips for Explaining Depression to Children
Any type of depression in children worries their parents. In these cases, the most important thing is to talk about the situation as soon as possible. Here are a few tips that will facilitate communication with kids.
It’s normal for kids to feel sad at times. However, when the negativity continues over an extended period of time and affects children’s lives, alarm bells should start to go off. In these cases, keep these key tips in mind when it comes to explaining depression to children.
Depression is a mood disorder that interferes with children’s energy and life in general. As a consequence, kids who suffer from it may lose interest in certain activities, and school work, seem tired, or give up easily.
It’s very important to talk with your child as soon as the problem is diagnosed. Don’t forget that kids can reject or even ignore how they feel. It’s important to listen, offer your support, and show your love so that your children feel comfortable opening up to you and telling you what they’re feeling.
Likewise, it’s a good idea to see a pediatrician with your children. That will allow the doctor to evaluate whether there is some other cause that has symptoms similar to depression.
You should also make sure that your children eat a healthy diet, sleep enough, and get some physical exercise every day.
4 tips for explaining depression to children
These are the basic attitudes that will help when it comes to explaining depression to children.
1. Be compassionate
The first tip for explaining depression to children is to be compassionate. This means that children should know that you recognize and respect their feelings.
Even if you don’t understand what they’re thinking very well, avoid making any comments that might make them feel badly. Keep in mind that certain negative opinions will only make children keep their feelings to themselves or get defensive.
2. Be a good listener
Allowing your children to speak openly and express their opinions and thoughts is one of the most important steps to avoid any type of depression. When you succeed in getting children to express their feelings, don’t interrupt them, judge them, or scold them.
If children know that they have someone at home they can confide in, this will help them resolve their emotions.
“Victory is always possible for those who refuse to give up fighting.”–Napoleon Hill–
3. Be aware of the child’s age
If you’re trying to explain depression to children, make sure they understand what you’re saying, and don’t feel confused or bored with the conversation. Likewise, make sure that you’re using words that they can understand.
Being conscious of children’s ages is vital for adapting the conversation. It’s also a good idea to avoid words like “depression” or “emotions” because they can be too complex for young children.
4. Be positive
Finally, keep your conversation about depression positive. Depression is a serious illness that causes both emotional and physical pain, and can have serious consequences.
However, if you maintain a positive and hopeful attitude in your conversations, you’ll avoid unnecessarily alarming children. Having an open line of communication about mental health and specifically depression is clearly an important preventative measure with our children.
Finally, remember that it’s important to spend time with your child doing activities that you both enjoy. Fostering positive attitudes and ways of thinking helps children overcome all that comes along with depression.
In addition, it’s important to be patient and kind. It’s normal for parents to feel frustrated and angry. But your child’s behavior is part of the depression, it isn’t intentional disrespect.
So don’t fight with children who are depressed or use harsh words. Be understanding. With patience and good communication you’ll help strengthen your child’s recovery!طرح چهار بندی ماکرون تنها خواست و اهداف خود را دنبال می کند و در آن هیچ تضمین واقعی برای تحقق خواسته های جمهوری اسلامی ایران وجود ندارد و ممکن است تبعات بسیار بدی بر قدرت ملی ایران داشته باشد.
یکی از اهداف ائتلاف سازی دریایی در خلیج فارس با ادعای تامین امنیت عبور و مرور کشتی های تجاری، تضعیف ایران است. اما عدم استقبال موثر کشورها از این ائتلاف، نشان از شکست آن دارد.
با خروج ترامپ از برجام روابط ایران و اتحادیه اروپا وارد بازی ای شد که در آن اتحادیه اروپا به صورت یکطرفه به بهانه های مختلف ایران را تحت فشار قرار میداد تا بتواند به اهداف خود برسد. این روند را می توان به مانند پروسه ای دانست که باید در سال های آتی شاهد بهانه های بیشتر از سوی اتحادیه اروپا باشیم.
با خروج آمریکا از برجام، نگاه ها همه معطوف به روابط ایران و اتحادیه اروپاست، این که سرانجام برجام چه خواهد شد؟ آیا ایران و اروپا می توانند بدون حضور ایالات متحده، روابط خود را گسترش دهند؟ سوالاتی است که پاسخ به آن ها، ما را ملزم به این می کند تا الگوی مطلوب روابط ایران و اروپا را مورد ارزیابی قرار دهیمHow To Use NPER Function In Excel
The NPER function is similar to both the Future Value and Present Value functions. But the difference is that the NPER formula will be returning the quantity of an investment, using the periodic, consistent payment and interest rate. NPER function calculates number of periods for an investment or a loan with the assumption of constant payments at regular intervals and a fixed interest rate.
- Rate – the rate of interest for the period
- PMT – fixed payment payed in each period,
- PV – present value of the investment or loan,
- FV – future value of an investment or loan (the value you want to achieve at the end of all periods)
- Type – specifies the time to make a payment during the period: 0 – payments are made at the ends of periods, 1 – payments are made at the beginning of each period.
The rate parameter should be provided for the payment period, ie if the interest rate is given annually and monthly payments are then divide the interest rate for 12 months.
For investment parameters PMT, PV and FV are negative positive, while for the credit PMT – negative PV – positive, FV – negative (if calculations are made assuming a partial repayment of a loan.
Basic calculation of NPER
How many payments you must pay to reach a value of 1 000 000 $ for investment with an annual interest rate of 10%? You pay monthly payments in the amount of 1 000 $, having already set aside 150 000 $. You pay at the end of each period (month).
Formula is =NPER(0.10/12,-1000,-150000,1000000,0)
Answer: Result is 171,43 what means, that you need 172 payments to reach 1 000 000$
- 0.10/12 – rate is 10% what must be divided by count of months
- -1000 – monthly payment (with minus because you have to pay)
- -150000 – your current cash (with minus because you pay)
- 1000000 – your future value (without minus because it’s your cash)
- 0 – because you pay at the end of the period
How much do you need to pay off your loan?
How many payments you need to pay off 100 000 $ loan repaid at the end of the month the installment of 700 $ (principal + interest). Annual interest rate is 8%.
Answer: Result is 458,2 what means, that you need 459 payments to pay off this loan.
- 0.08/12 – rate is 8% what must be divided by count of months
- -700 – monthly payment (with minus because you have to pay)
- 150000 – your current cash (without minus because it’s your cash)
- 0 – your future value because you want to pay off this debt
- 0 – because you pay at the end of the period
NPER when you pay at the beginning of the month
How many months you have to pay to the bank at $300 to save the amount of $18 000. Annual interest rate is 3,5%. You pay at the beginning of each month.
Answer: Result is 55,22 what means, that you need 56 months to reach $18 000.
- 0.035/12 – rate is 3.5% what must be divided by count of months
- -300 – monthly payment (with minus because you have to pay)
- 0 – your current cash
- 18 000 – your future value (without minus because it’s your cash)
- 1 – because you pay at the beginning of the period
Simple NPER Formula
The example is based on finding a solid NPER of the investment that we are about to make, so we can fully comprehend how the whole situation would work. This is something that would work with a full understanding of the formula, and we are getting the answer that we strive after with the formula.
Complete NPER Formula
The investment is going quite good, and we needs to know about the future value. This is a follow up to the previous example, and requires having a full formula in comparison to the previous example, and we are going to use the same data as previous one, so you could see the differences between the results. The example is about knowing the benefits of our investments, and how it would affect the ways that we are planning the executions of additional plans.
NPER Formula with Bigger than Symbol
The formula in this example includes using a mathematic symbol that will be beneficial in the long run. It is possible to make it possible to know how it will go when the rate is bigger than 10 percent. This example clarifies the possibilities of having a solid information about the number of investments when the rate is including such mathematical symbol. One great thing about this formula is that it provides the possibilities of knowing exactly how the mathematic symbol affects the outcome.
Usage of Formula with Future Value Increment
The formula is going to have a very specific formula that also include the increment of a future value. In this example, we would like to know how many times we needs to make an investment when we expect the future value to increase by 50%, and how it would affect the business deal and its overall performance.
A Formula with both NPER & AND
This example is a complete understanding of the formula, and we are going to use both NPER & AND for successfulness of acknowledging the information about how many times we will be making an investment when using two formulas simultaneously.
Additional Percentage with AND
In this example, we want to add some percentages to the current value, under circumstances that the business needs to add 12% to the current value, because we have accepted a customized deal with a company that is asking for 12 percent interest rate of the current value. This is where the NPER formula would be an excellent formula for acknowledging how many times the business needs to add the investment into its overall performance.
NPER with Texts
The example is about clarifying that under the circumstances that we have already labeled the cells with texts, to make it more understanding for us to understand which part of the formula the cell is talking about, even after some time has passed by, and we might have forgotten about what part of parameters belong to where in the NPER formula.
Simultaneously Using NPER with SUM
This example is using both the NPER and OR formulas simultaneously to find out how many times the company needs to perform the investments for it to successfully achieve a goal that has been set for the business. We have set a flexible rates for the business, and we would like to know how we would be making the investments.
Numeric NPER Formula
This is a more complicated formula, and we need to have a numeric formula of the NPER formula to get the answer that we are looking for with the formula. We want to make some evaluations, which is why we are rather having this kind of formula.
Understanding Usage of NPER Formula with another Spreadsheet
There are many different reasons that you’d might needs to have the NPER formula on another spreadsheet. But in this example, we are using a different spreadsheet, because we would like to have a full understanding of how many times we need to perform the investment for it to yield us the estimated future value, and we are using a different spreadsheet for it.Puoi scaricare un contratto singolo o un intero pacchetto di contratti della stessa tipologia.
Approfitta del prezzo speciale e scarica l'intero formulario dei contratti.
Visualizza tutti i contratti disponibili gratuitamente e scaricali. Metti alla prova la qualità dei documenti di TrovaContratto.
È il contratto in base al quale una parte (mandatario) si obbliga a compiere uno o più atti giuridici in nome e per conto di un’altra (mandante).LONDRA (Reuters) - I prezzi del petrolio sono scesi per la seconda seduta consecutiva dopo che l'aumento delle scorte negli Stati Uniti ha alimentato i timori sulla domanda e il ripristino delle forniture da Libia e Russia ha attenuato i timori sull'offerta.
Alle 12,00 circa, i futures sul Brent sca
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informed about attendance, students are more likely to attend regularly, leading to improved engagement and success.
- Data-Driven Decision-Making
- Targeted Resources
Attendance data helps schools allocate resources like counseling, tutoring, and mentorship to students who need them most.
- Academic Planning
Educators can use attendance insights to tailor academic plans, ensuring students receive appropriate support to catch up on missed material.
- Positive Impact on Student Achievement
- Improved Learning
Regular attendance is closely linked to better academic performance, and intervention strategies can help students stay on track.
- Boosting Confidence
By addressing attendance challenges early, students are more likely to feel supported, leading to increased self-confidence and motivation.
- Continuous Improvement
- Feedback Loop
Attendance data can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies, enabling schools to refine their approaches.
- Data Analysis
Regular analysis of attendance trends helps schools identify patterns and make informed decisions to improve student success rates.
Student Attendance Management System have revolutionized the way schools track attendance and support their students. These systems not only automate the attendance recording process but also provide valuable insights that enable early intervention for at-risk students. By identifying attendance patterns and implementing targeted strategies, schools can make a significant impact on student success and well-being.
The ability to communicate attendance data with parents creates a collaborative environment where all stakeholders work together to ensure students are attending regularly and receiving the necessary support. This, in turn, leads to improved engagement, academic achievement, and overall student success.
Data-driven decision-making is a cornerstone of modern education, and attendance data plays a pivotal role in this process. Schools can allocate resources effectively, plan interventions, and make informed adjustments to their strategies based on attendance insights. The positive impact on student achievement and confidence cannot be understated.
In conclusion, Student Attendance Management System offer a comprehensive solution for improving student success through the early identification of attendance challenges. By using technology to track attendance patterns, schools can implement targeted interventions, communicate effectively with parents, and make informed decisions to enhance student engagement and achievement. With these systems in place, schools are better equipped to create a supportive learning environment that sets students up for success both inside and outside the classroom.Where birds and habitat need protection, Audubon answers the call. In the rich bird nurseries and habitats of the Pacific Flyway’s farthest reaches, there’s a potential catastrophe looming. A drilling fleet under contract to Shell Oil is planning to drill in the Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Sea about 15 miles from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. If Shell has its way, drills will also penetrate deep beneath the Chukchi Sea, farther west, cracking open a box of almost unimaginable environmental woes.
The Arctic Ocean is a phenomenally harsh environment. Broken ice covers enormous expanses for much of the year. Storms with hurricane-force winds can whip up 20-foot seas. Temperatures drop to 40 below zero. And it’s dark for half the year.
Retired Vice Admiral Roder Ruff, who helped prepare the Coast Guard’s review of the BP oil disaster, has described the United States’ ability to address a spill in icy conditions as “pretty abysmal.”
The U.S. Geological Survey has concluded that “it remains unclear” whether oil spill countermeasures can be deployed effectively in the Arctic Ocean “or whether they will work even if available.” More than 500 scientists joined in sending a letter to President Obama asking him not to allow oil drilling to proceed this summer, after various federal agencies, including the EPA, granted the necessary permits.
The U.S. government’s own nonpartisan watchdog, the Government Accountability Office, is also concerned about the lack of oil spill response capability and preparedness. We are, too. Cleaning up a major spill in the Arctic Ocean would make the BP disaster look like child’s play. The unspoiled Arctic doesn’t just hold a sacred place in our collective imagination—it is critical like nowhere else on earth to the future of our wild birds. Hundreds of species arrive every spring from North America’s four flyways. Here they nest, lay eggs, and raise their young. This is also crucial habitat for many of America’s remaining polar bears.
We’re using every weapon in our arsenal to avert this desecration of our shared natural heritage. The battle to protect the Arctic is a touchstone for conservation and the future of wilderness and wildlife on our planet. I’m asking each of you to Raise Your Voice for Arctic Birds. To help, click here.- ritardo mestruale
Domanda:
Ho avuto il mio primo rapporto sessuale praticando il coito interrotto il 17 gennaio 2004 e le mesturazioni mi sono finite circa il 29 dicembre 2003....nel mese di dicembre prendevo la pillola poi l'ho smessa perchè ho lasciato il mio ex fidanzato...non mi sono ancora arrivate....che dite sono incinta?Tenete presente che senza pillola le mesturazioni mi arrivano più o meno dopo 45 gg......Help me!!!
Risposta:
Normalmente le mestruazioni quando si sospende la pillola riprendono con la ciclicità di prima,anzi spesso la prima mestruazione può anche ritardare anche nelle persone che solitamente hanno un ciclo regolare.Detto questo non posso sapere se sei incinta e un test di gravidanza adesso potrebbe essere inutile perchè sono passati solo 10 giorni dal rapporto.Se la mestruazione non compare esegui il test verso il 2-3 febbraio.Se in questo periodo della tua vita non puoi permetterti una gravidanza forse è opportuno che tu affronti con il tuo partner il problema della contraccezione.Le macerie di Gaza
Un video diffuso su Youtube dalla società di produzione palestinese Media Town rivela il livello di distruzione della Striscia di Gaza dopo l’ultimo conflitto con Israele.
Le immagini aeree mostrano il quartiere di Al Shejaiya, alla periferia orientale di Gaza, particolarmente colpito tra il 19 e il 20 luglio 2014. Secondo alcune organizzazioni internazionali, nell’ultimo conflitto sono state distrutte almeno 17mila abitazioni.
Fonte: Internazionale(App. V, iv, p. 604)Popolazione e condizioni economiche
di Anna Bordoni
La popolazione, pari a 112.000 ab. (1998), continua ad accrescersi rapidamente, con un incremento medio annuo stimato attualmente intorno allo 0,7%, grazie a un'alta natalità (22,4‰ nel 1995), che nemmeno le ancora consistenti correnti migratorie riescono a contenere. Unico centro di rilievo è la capitale, Kingstown, che nel 1996 raggiungeva 16.100 abitanti.
Nell'ultimo decennio l'economia di questo piccolo paese dell'America Centrale ha registrato notevoli progressi (il PIL è aumentato del 14,9% dal 1991 al 1994, e del 3,3% nel 1996), tuttavia la disoccupazione rimane elevata e modesto è il valore del PIL pro capite (2420 dollari nel 1998). L'agricoltura rappresenta tuttora l'attività economica prevalente e a questo settore, già a partire dalla metà degli anni Ottanta, il governo ha rivolto il proprio interesse attraverso la realizzazione di una riforma agraria e la promozione di una maggiore diversificazione produttiva, per ridurre la dipendenza dalla monocoltura del banano. Le banane hanno contribuito nel 1995 al 42,2% del valore complessivo delle esportazioni, ma tale percentuale non è costante negli anni, in quanto i violenti uragani che spesso interessano l'area causano gravi danni alle piantagioni e ai loro prodotti. Un ruolo piuttosto modesto svolgono invece allevamento e pesca, mentre l'industria, che attualmente è rappresentata soprattutto da piccoli impianti agroalimentari, mostra sintomi di espansione: la recente crescita del movimento turistico ha, infatti, innescato un discreto sviluppo del comparto delle costruzioni. Nel 1995 il numero dei visitatori è stato pari a 218.000 persone, con un incremento del 36,6% rispetto all'anno precedente, cui vanno aggiunti i turisti (circa 41.400 nello stesso anno) sbarcati da yacht. Negli ultimi anni si è affermato un piccolo settore finanziario off-shore, come in altri paesi caribici.
In deficit la bilancia commerciale: la principale fonte di importazione sono gli USA (36,5% del totale nel 1995), il maggiore mercato delle esportazioni è rappresentato dal Regno Unito (16,1%); inoltre il paese, membro del CARICOM, intrattiene stretti rapporti politici e commerciali con gli altri Stati caribici.bibliografia
P. Pattullo, Last resorts: the cost of tourism in the Caribbean, Kingston 1996.
Storia
di Silvia Moretti
Nel corso degli anni Ottanta e Novanta la vita politica di S. V. e G. è stata dominata dalle vittorie elettorali del New Democratic Party (NDP), formazione di centro nata nel 1975. Dopo le elezioni del 1994, nelle quali il NDP ottenne 12 seggi, la stabilità dell'esecutivo fu messa in pericolo dall'emergere di gravi difficoltà economiche legate a una forte crisi nell'esportazione delle banane e dal coinvolgimento di alcuni membri del governo in una serie di scandali finanziari. Le elezioni anticipate del giugno 1998 confermarono il calo di popolarità del NDP che perse quattro seggi, conservandone otto. Le opposizioni riunite nell'Unity Labour Party, nato nel 1994 dalla fusione del Saint Vincent Labour Party con il Movement for National Unity, conquistarono sette seggi e lanciarono accuse di brogli elettorali nei confronti del partito di governo. Il nuovo esecutivo del NDP, entrato in carica nel giugno del 1998 tra le proteste dei dimostranti dell'opposizione, ha lanciato un piano a lunga scadenza di riforme elettorali e costituzionali.تراورس دی بلوک
در مقایسه با تراورس مونوبلوک یا تراورس هایی که عموما با آنها مواجه شده ایم تراورس های دی بلوک تراورس هایی هستند که از دو قسمت تشکیل شده اند. در واقع فضای میانی تراورس مونوبلوک حذف شده و این تراورس از وسط به دو قسمت تقسیم شده.
قطعه ای فولادی که می تواند انواع پروفیل های فولادی باشد این دو قسمت را به یکدیگر وصل کرده و یکپارچگی تراورس را تامین می کند.
کاربرد تراورس دی بلوک
اکثرا در ساخت اسلب ترک ها (دال خط ها) از دی بلوک ها استفاده می شوند هر چند علاوه بر این حالت دی بلوک ها در خطوط بالاستی هم کاربرد دارند.
مشابه تراورس های تولید شده در این ویدئو تراورس ها در جای خود قرار گرفته ثابت می شوند و سپس بتن ریزی اسلب ترک انجام می شود و در واقع فضای بین تراورس ها با بتن پر می شود.
این نوع از تراورس ها در انواع خطوط راه آهن و مترو کاربرد های فراوانی دارند و در کشو ما هم به شکل های مختلفی تولید می شوند.
ساخت تراورس
در این ویدئو ساخت تراورس های دی بلوک را مشاهده می کنید. که مراحل کار با جزئیات نشان داده می شود. این ویدئو مربوط به کشور هندوستان می باشد.
بازدید: ۳۲Batteries are fascinating devices that we often take for granted in our everyday lives. How often have you thrown out a AA alkaline cell and stopped to consider what actually happened inside that chemical-filled container to provide your remote control with electrical power?
Batteries are made of three basic components:
Batteries can also have a separator to prevent the anode and cathode from touching, and most have some kind ofcasing to keep all the components contained.
Batteries use chemical reactions to cause a flow of electrons. Two special reactions occur: oxidation and reduction. The first produces excess electrons, and the second requires extra electrons. The reactions happen inside the battery, and we harness the flow of electrons to perform work in our circuitry.
When an electrically conducting circuit connects the anode to the cathode, an oxidation reaction happens between the anode and the electrolyte. The extra electrons flow through our circuit toward the cathode.
In or around the cathode, the extra electrons are used in a reduction reaction. In some batteries, ions can also be produced and consumed during the oxidation and reduction reactions.
Some batteries need to be thrown out when the chemicals reach equilibrium. These batteries are known as primary cells.
Other types of batteries can be recharged, and these are called secondary cells.
Original article here.
Robot is an electromechanical device which is capable of reacting…
Earlier this year, the laws around legal operation of remote…
Raspberry Pi, one of the most ingenious invention for makers…Memory and Urban Religion in the Ancient World brings together scholars and researchers working on memory and religion in ancient urban environments. Chapters explore topics relating to religious traditions and memory, and the multifunctional roles of architectural and geographical sites, mythical figures and events, literary works and artefacts. Pagan religions were often less static and more open to new influences than previously understood. One of the factors that shape religion is how fundamental elements are remembered as valuable and therefore preservable for future generations. Memory, therefore, plays a pivotal role when - as seen in ancient Rome during late antiquity - a shift of religions takes place within communities. The significance of memory in ancient societies and how it was promoted, prompted, contested and even destroyed is discussed in detail.
This volume, the first of its kind, not only addresses the main cultures of the ancient world - Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome - but also look at urban religious culture and funerary belief, and how concepts of ethnic religion were adapted in new religious environments.By Jove! What a collection!
On this day in 1759, the British Museum opened to the public in the Bloomsbury district of London. The original collection was donated by a doctor, Sir Hans Sloane who had amassed what he called "a cabinet of curiosities." The collection included thousands of books, manuscripts, items from the nature and art objects from around the world. The round, domed Reading Room was built over a hundred years later and could hold one million volumes. Until recently, only those who presented an almost exhaustive life history as well as references could use the collection. Some lucky users included Bram Stoker, author of Dracula, Virginia Woolf, Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, Gandhi and George Orwell. Lenin was initially denied access because of difficulty locating a reference. The museum has created digital records of items in their collection which can be accessed on their website. The Library also owns many books that contain objects that belong to their collections.Dosya > Belge Ayarları iletişim kutusunda Karşılıklı Sayfalar'ı seçtiğinizde belge sayfaları karşılıklı olarak düzenlenir. Karşılıklı sayfalar çifti, kitap veya dergi açtığınızda görünen iki sayfa gibi birlikte görüntülenen sayfa kümesidir. Her InDesign formasında kendi çalışma alanı vardır; sayfa dışında olan bu alanda henüz sayfaya konmamış nesneleri saklayabilirsiniz. Her formaya ait çalışma alanı taşan veya sayfa kenarını geçip uzayan nesnelere uyması için alan sağlar.
A. Sayfa simgeleri B. “A” kalıbı uygulanmış sayfa C. Seçili forma
Belge Ayarları iletişim kutusunda Ciltleme seçeneğini Sağdan Sola Doğru olarak ayarladığınızda, rakamlar Sayfalar panelinde sayfa simgelerine sağdan sola doğru eklenir.
Not:
Uzun belgelerde Mizanpaj > Sayfaya Git'i seçerek istediğiniz sayfaya hemen gidebilirsiniz.
Sayfalar paneli sayfalar, formalar ve kalıplar (diğer sayfa ve formaları otomatik olarak formatlayan sayfalar veya formalar) hakkında bilgi verir, üzerlerinde kontrol sağlar. Varsayılan olarak Sayfalar paneli sayfaların içeriğini gösteren minik resimler görüntüler.
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Sayfalar ve kalıplar için simge boyutu seçin.
Formaları tek dikey sütunda görüntülemek için Dikey Olarak Göster'i seçin. Formaların yan yana görüntülenmesi için bu seçimi kaldırın.
Her sayfa veya kalıp içeriğine ait minik resim sunumlarını görüntülemek için Minik Resimleri Göster'i seçin. (Simge Boyutu için bazı seçenekler belirlenmişse bu seçenek kullanılamaz.)
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Paneli yeniden boyutlandırdığınızda bölümlerin nasıl görüntüleneceğini kontrol etmek için Yeniden Boyutlandır menüsünden bir seçenek belirleyin:
Paneldeki Sayfalar ve Kalıplar bölümlerinin ikisini birden boyutlandırmak için Orantılı'yı seçin.
Sayfalar bölümünün boyutunu koruyup yalnızca Kalıplar bölümünü yeniden boyutlandırmak için Sabit Sayfalar'ı seçin.
Kalıplar bölümünün boyutunu koruyup yalnızca Sayfalar bölümünü yeniden boyutlandırmak için Sabit Kalıplar'ı seçin.
Gerçekleştirdiğiniz göreve bağlı olarak sayfaları veya formaları seçin ya da hedefleyin. Diğerleri hedef sayfayı veya formayı etkilerken bazı komutlar da seçili geçerli sayfayı etkiler. Örneğin, cetvel kılavuzlarını yalnızca hedef sayfaya veya formaya sürüklerken Sayfalar panelindeki Formayı Çoğalt ya da Sayfayı Sil gibi sayfayla ilgili komutlar seçili sayfa veya formayı etkiler. Örneğin, belge penceresinde birçok forma görünür durumdayken ve bir nesneyi belirli bir formaya yapıştırmak istediğinizde, sayfa veya formayı etkinleştiren hedefleme yardımcı olur.
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Sayfa veya formayı hem hedeflemek, hem de seçmek için simgesini ya da simgenin altındaki sayfa numarasını çift tıklatın. Sayfa veya forma belge penceresinde görünür değilse görüntüden kayar.
İpucu: Belge penceresinde bir sayfayı, sayfadaki bir nesneyi ya da sayfanın çalışma alanını tıklatarak sayfa veya formayı hedefleyebilir ve seçebilirsiniz.
Dikey cetvel hedeflenen sayfa veya formanın dışında her yerde soluklaşır.
Sayfayı seçmek için simgesini tıklatın. (Seçmek ve görünüme taşımak istemediğiniz sürece çift tıklatmayın.)
Bir formayı seçmek için ilgili forma simgesinin altındaki sayfa numaralarını tıklatın.
Not:
Sayfalar paneli menüsünde olduğu gibi bazı forma seçenekleri yalnızca tüm forma seçili
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学历的人数对中国人寿的利润总额贡献度最大，具有本科学历的人才次之，具有大专学历的人才居第三，具有中专及以下学历的人才居第五，资产总额的贡献度居第四。说明本、专科学历人才对中国人寿保费收入的影响较大，而高层次的博士、硕士学历人才对中国人寿的利润总额影响最大。这与博士、硕士学历人才主要处于管理、技术岗位，本、专科学历人才则主要参与保险公司营业的现实相符。而无论是保费收入，还是利润，中专及以下学历人才对其影响最小。另外，资产总额对保费收入、利润的贡献度比大专及以上层次的影响小，仅比中专及以下学历层次人才的影响大，资产因素在保险业发展中并不占主导地位，高素质的保险人才对保险业的发展起到至关重要的作用。因此大力发展保险教育，培养以本、专科学历为主体的高素质人才，成为促进保险业发展的当务之急。四、保险高职教育在人才兴业战略的重要作用从前面的分析可知就保费收入来讲，本、专科学历人才对其的影响度最大就利润来说，本、专科学历人才的影响度也占据重要位置。而整个保险业发展对本、专科学历人才需求量也是最大的到2010年，本、专学历人才需求总量将达到34万人左右，其中专科学历人才约为18万人，本科学历人才约16万人（见图1）。而这部分人才大多集中在公司基层，除了必须具备必要的基本理论知识外，更加关注的是动手操作、实践能力。图1保险行业人才需求预测再来看保险高职教育的特点一般普通高校培养的主要是本科层次的人才，偏重理论知识的学习，实践操作能力普遍较弱。保险高职教育则不同，它是一种就业教育和应用教育，教学贴近保险业实践，追求零距离上岗的教育目标，培养的是既懂理论又懂实务的技能型人才。在学历层次方面，保险高职教育培养的人才是以专科学历为主，部分为本科学历。保险高职教育的这些特征，正好与保险业人才兴业战略对人才的需求相适应，因此大力发展保险高职教育，既可以在短期内突破保险教育滞后的瓶颈，也可以快速地为人才兴业战略提供人力资源与智力支持。［参考文献］［1］胡运良．大力发展保险教育是实施人才兴业战略的关键［C］．中国保险教育论坛国际学术年会论文汇编，2006.［2］林廷春．高等教育在经济发展中的作用对台湾的实证研究［J］．教育与经济，2005，（1）.［3］杨晓华，卢永艳．教育对经济增长影响的实证分析以吉林省为例［J］．教育与经济，2005，（2）.［4］赵力涛，中国农村的教育收益率研究［J］．中国社会科学，2006，（3）.［5］池小萍．我国保险高等教育、毕业生就业与保险市场发展对策分析［J］．上海保险，2006，（2）.［6］周耀华，胡国强．职业教育在人力资源开发中的地位和作用［J］．当代教育论坛，2006，（10）.［7］邓莉，冉光和．重庆农村金融发展与农村经济增长的灰色关联分析［J］．中国农村经济，2005，（8）.［编辑傅晓棣］保险研究2007年第10期保险教育INSURANCESTUDIESNo.102007طبق گزارش مجله تخصصی لنست که یک ژورنال پیشرو پزشکی محسوب می شود، واکسن کووید ۱۹ کوواکسین عوارض جانبی جدی نداشته و ۸۱ درصد اثربخشی را در افرادی که هر دو دوز این واکسن را دریافت کردند، ایجاد می کند.
به گزارش سیناپرس، کشور هند بزرگترین برنامه واکسیناسیون خود را در برابر بیماری مرگبار کووید ۱۹ در ۱۶ ژانویه برابر با ۲۷ دی ماه آغاز کرد و میلیون ها نفر را واکسینه کرد.
تاکنون دو واکسن کوواسین و کوویشیلد در این کشور مورد تایید قرار گرفته که از آن میان کوواسین توسط شرکت دارویی باهارات بیوتک با همکاری با شورای تحقیقات پزشکی هند (ICMR) در حیدرآباد ساخته شده است. گفتنی است این واکسن یکی از گزینه های واکسن مورد نظر مسئولان وزارت بهداشت ایران برای وارد کردن و استفاده در کشور است.
به گزارش سیناپرس، پیشتر و از آن جهت که برخی کارشناسان تایید واکسن کوواسین را عملی شتابزده اعلام کرده بودند، نگرانی هایی در مورد امنیت و تاثیر این واکسن ایجاد شد. بر همین اساس پژوهشگران تحقیقات و تجزیه و تحلیل هایی را روی اثربخشی و امنیت این واکسن آغاز کردند.
بر این اساس، مطالعات پژوهشگران بی طرف، نتایج فاز ۲ واکسن کوواسین ایمنی آن را تایید کرده و گزارش داده که ایمن سازی و اثربخشی این واکسن بدون عوارض جانبی جدی است. در این گزارش پیشنهاد شد که به نتایج ایمنی و اثربخشی فاز ۳ آزمایش ها نیز توجه شود.
ارزیابی های واکنش پذیری در این مطالعه به طور قابل توجهی در آزمایش فاز 2 نسبت به آزمایش فاز 1 و سایر آزمایش ها با گروه دارونما بهتر بود. در ضمن عوارض جانبی گزارش شده در آزمایش فاز ۲ از آزمایش فاز یک کمتر بود. شایع ترین عوارض اعلام شده در گزارش آزمایش های فاز ۲ درد در محل تزریق همراه با سردرد، خستگی و تب بود. هیچ عوارض جانبی تهدید کننده زندگی گزارش نشده است.
نتایج آزمایش های فاز ۳ واکسن کوواکسین هفته گذشته منتشر شد و در گزارش آن ادعا شده است که این واکسن در کسانی که بدون ابتلای قبلی به این بیماری، هر دو دوز واکسن مذکور را دریافت کرده اند، ۸۱ درصد اثربخشی را در پیشگیری از کروناویروس ایجاد کرد.
بر همین اساس گزارشی در مجله پیشرو پزشکی لنست به چاپ رسیده که از تجزیه و تحلیل های آزمایش های بالینی واکسن کوواکسین نوشته و اثربخشی و ایمنی آن را تایید کرده است.
مترجم: فاطمه کردی几种阳离子卟啉的生物学活性研究
【摘要】：卟啉不仅以其独特的生物活性存在于自然界,而且因其结构具有奇异的性能与癌细胞有特殊的亲合力,在医学研究中可作为检测癌症的光敏剂和抗癌药物。其中阳离子卟啉由于具有核酸的结合和切割特性,吸引了人们极大的兴趣。本文从合成和应用研究中经常使用的阳离子卟啉出发,包括5,10,15,20—四(1—甲基—4—吡啶基)卟啉甲苯磺酰盐(TMPyP)和5,10,15,20—四(1—乙氧羰基甲基—4—吡啶基)卟啉四氯盐(H_2TEOCMPyP)及其金属配合物,研究了亲水性阳离子卟啉与蛋白质和核酸的相互作用,探讨了它们在转运、肿瘤选择性及DNA损伤方面的相关特性。在此基础上,为提高其性能,改变了1—2个侧链基团,合成了3种新型阳离子卟啉化合物,进一步研究了它们的抗微生物和抗肿瘤活性。测试了几种新型卟啉对DNA的结合和损伤作用,并对比了它们与临床常用的癌症化疗药物阿霉素(ADM)对脂质体的过氧化损伤作用,从分子水平对卟啉的抗微生物和抗肿瘤机制进行了初步探讨。
本文的工作内容和结果总结如下:
结合荧光光谱和吸收光谱,研究了卟啉与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的相互作用,确定了反应的结合常数和授体-受体间的结合距离;采用光学生物传感器法获得卟啉与固定化HSA相互作用的动力学与热力学常数,比较了25℃时该方法与荧光光谱法得到的结合常数,发现两种方法具有可比性。卟啉主要通过静电相互作用与HSA结合,结合常数在10~5L/mol左右,金属和侧链的疏水性对卟啉与HSA的亲合力有影响,疏水作用力仍在一定程度上发挥作用。卟啉结合在HSA疏水腔外部,与疏水腔保持一定的距离。
应用IAsys光学生物传感器研究了两种水溶性阳离子卟啉与固定化的麦胚凝集素(WGA)的相互作用。20℃时自由卟啉和相应的锌卟啉的结合常数分别为
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：R313“天行健，君子以自强不息；地势坤，君子以厚德载物。”他把自己的一生都献给了清王朝，他用自己的生命陪着她鼎盛，衰亡。
他是清朝忠臣，为清王朝他背负骂名，但是他一直在自己的岗位上兢兢业业。
“先成家后立业”，在事业上鞠躬尽瘁的同时，他也从来没有忘记过对子女的教导。他在历史上留下了浓墨重彩的一笔，而他的教育也使得他的子孙在近代史上光宗耀祖。
李鸿章
一代名臣，有功有过
李鸿章，本名章铜，生于1823年2月15日，卒于1901年11月7日。
他的一生精彩纷呈，他的一生高低谷不断，或挫折，或成功。
他的一生，既是政客，也是将军。他领导过洋务运动，平息过叛乱，也作为代表签订过丧权辱国的《马关条约》。也是因此，众人对他褒贬不一，有人觉得他是拱手让出中国主权的罪人，有人觉得他是玩弄权势，阿谀奉承的权臣，有人觉得他是清王朝的力挽狂澜者。
功过是非已是历史，不过，在我看来，他只是一位心系家国的老臣，他为了他的封建君王，为了他的清王朝，修修补补，鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。虽然前人已逝，但是他的后辈依旧在各界发挥着举足轻重的作用。Geniş ve yıldızlı gökyüzünün altında / Mezarı kazın ve bana yalan söyleyin…
Böylelikle, Batı Samoa'daki Robert Louis Stevenson'un mezarına oyulmuş olan kendinden kaleme alınmış epitaph başlar. "Treasure Island" ın yazarı bizi şimdi görebilseydi, aradakiler onun yerine "geniş ve yıldızlı gökyüzü" arasında kalır, onu tuhaf olarak vurur mu? Macera ve keşif ruhu ona uygun bir yolculuk mı, yoksa karakterleri Dr. Jekyll ve Bay Hyde gibi iki akıldan mı geçiyor?
Uzay gömüsü, posttumous macera paketlerinin artan bir kataloğunda sunulan bir seçenek, bireyselliğimizi yansıtan ayinler ile geçişimizi işaretlemek için duygusal ya da narsistik dürtüyle beslenen bir pazar. Eskiden firavunlar gibi bu günlerde, daha çok insan taburcularını en sevdiği yiyeceklerden cep telefonlarına, video oyunlarına ve arabalara, evdeki konforlarla donatıyorlar.
Ölümden sonraki olasılıklar tchotchkes'te durmuyor. Ajanlarımız ayrıca, büyükbabalarımızın plotzını yapacak olan mezarlıklara gönderimizi - ve sınırlandırarak - teslim etmek için bekliyorlar.
Bazıları sevilen birinin suçlarından yaratılan bir elmasın bir kızın en iyi arkadaşı olduğunu düşünür; diğerleri bir patlama ile dışarı atmayı tercih ederler, mermi ve av tüfeği mermilerinin minik çelik, bakır ve plastik "tabutları" ya da muhtemelen havai fişeklerdeki kalıntılarını takarlar: LifeGem; Kutsal Duman; Meleğin Uçuşu]. Okyanus severler, ebb gelgitlerini, beton ve kremainler [kaynak: Ebedi Resifler] inşa edilmiş bir anıt resif olarak görmeyi tercih edebilirler.
Son olarak, son sınırda son dinlenme yerlerini tercih edenler için, "Star Trek" yaratıcısı Gene Roddenberry ve "Star Trek" aktör James "Scotty" Doohan'ın hayali ayak izlerini takip eden seyrek uçuş planı var. büyük misyonumuz, mavi mermerlerimizin 70 mil (113 kilometre) üstünde.
Bekle, beş dakika misyon?
Doğru okuyorsun. Bazı uzay mezarları diğerlerinden daha cesurca gidiyor ve paket fiyatları farkı yansıtıyor. Astronomik ücretleri karşılayamazsanız, paranız size sadece kısa bir alan atlama ya da blok etrafında birkaç seferlik bir yolculuk satın alabilir.
Öyle olsa bile, çoğumuz mekanı ziyaret etmek için her şeyi verirdi. Tabii ki, mürettebat olarak etiketlemeyi tercih ederiz, ancak kargo bir tutamla yapacağı için arabaya binilir. Virgin Galaktik uçuş fiyatlarının 30 yıllık bir ipoteğin maliyetinden daha azına inene kadar, biletlerimizi yumruklayana kadar çoğumuz bilet almayacağız.
Şimdi, bu füze mortuariesindeki kapağı kaldıralım ve galaksiler arası kesişmenin neye yol açtığını görelim.
Uzay mezarları, gelişen ticari alan sektörünün bir dalı olarak, bir yan iş olarak ortaya çıktı. Herhangi bir nakliye ve taşımacılık işi gibi, kargo alanlarına yük taşıyan şirketler, kargolarının dolu olmasını tercih ederler. İnsan kalıntılarının gram-ağırlık kısımları fazla tartılmaz ya da fazla yer kaplamamaktadır, bu nedenle ticari bir uydu ya da bilim deneyi taşıyan bir zanaat içine kolaylıkla sıkışırlar.
Kremalarımızın kargo olarak gönderilmesi konusunda sıra dışı veya istenmeyen bir şey yok. İnsan kalıntıları elbette Dünya üzerinde ticari olarak taşınmaktadır; düzgün bir şekilde paketlendiği ve ölçtüğü sürece, onları [kaynak: USPS] 'e postalayabilirsiniz. Ayrıca, karasal veya başka türlü ulaşım sağlayıcıları, sağladıkları hizmetin duyarlılığına saygı gösterme ve ailelerin süreçle ilgili kendilerini rahat hissetmelerini sağlamak için acılar çekmektedir.
Bu yazıyı yazdığımızda uzay mezarlarının tek sağlayıcısı olan Celestis, aileleri cankurtaran sahasında toplamaya davet ediyor ve sevdiklerinin uzaya fırlattığı gibi tanıklık ediyor. Uçuştan önce, şirket yerel tesislere turlar düzenliyor ve katılımcıların ayrılanların anılarını paylaştığı bir anma töreni düzenliyor. Celestis hizmeti bir hatıra DVD veya VHS kaset üzerine kaydeder ve bir web sitesinde ölen kişinin biyografisini yapar.
Tabii ki, eğer uzay mezarlığı vizyonunuz "Star Trek II: Han'ın Gazabı" ndan gelirse - vücudunuzda, 1980'li bir güneş gözlüğü olgusunu anımsatan açkılı siyah bir torpidoda incelikle yeryüzüne doğru kayıyorsa, o zaman geri dönmenin zamanı geldi. beklentiler. Gerçekte, bir ruj veya akü büyüklüğünde bir tüp, kaldığınız yerin "sembolik bir bölümünü" (1 gram veya 7 gram) taşır [kaynak: Celestis]. Yolcularınızla bir kargo tüpüne yerleştirildikçe çok fazla mahremiyet alamayacaksınız.
Celestis bir aracı olarak hareket eder ve Lockheed Martin Corp, Orbital Sciences Corp., Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX olarak da bilinir) ve UP Aerospace gibi mekana ulaşım sağlamak için ticari uzay aracı şirketlerine güvenir. Tipik bir ila dört aşamalı roket ocakları, 20-92.5 feet (6-28.2 metre) boyunda değişir ve 780-266.000 pound (354-120,700 kilogram) ağırlığındadır [kaynaklar: Celestis; Yukarı havacılık; Ansiklopedi Astronomi]. Bir polis eskortuyla birlikte ya da olmadan trafik için durmak zorunda kalmazsınız ve fırlatmadan 90 saniye sonra uzayacaksınız - çünkü, yüzleşelim, yeterince uzun beklediniz.
Bir sonraki bölümde keşfedeceğimiz gibi, buradan nereye gittiğinize ve cebinize.
Yıldızlarım Hedefim
Bilimkurgu, özellikle "Star Trek", "Babylon 5" veya "Battlestar Galactica" gibi askeri veya uzay-donanma programlarında uzay mezarları ile doludur. Diğer kurgusal varyasyonlar, ateşlemeyi önlemek için ateşlemeyi içerir. Iain M. Banks'in Kültür romanlarında, vücutlar yıldızlara ışınlanırlar. Öte yandan, denizde gömüldüğünden farklı olarak, uzayda bir beden neredeyse sonsuza kadar devam edecek, olanaksız olacaktır.Yoksa öyle mi? Uzaydaki nesneler mikrop içerebilir, ancak yıldızlararası ulaşılanlar çoğunlukla bunlardan yoksundur ve vücudun kendi mikropları aşırı soğukta muhtemelen donarak ölür. Yine de, alan yıkıcı güçleri değil. Başka bir şey olmasaydı, korunmasız bir beden, sonunda molekülün molekülü, sert radyasyonla parçalanabilecektir - özellikle yüksek hızlarda seyahat ediyorlarsa.
Uzaya kargo gönderinin ucuza bir şey olduğunu
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that are at least 15 percent ice-covered. The NASA-developed computer program, which is one of several methods scientists use to calculate extent, is based on data from sensors on the NASA's Nimbus 7 satellite, which operated from 1978 to 1987, and the U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, which has provided information since 1987.
The map above shows the extent of arctic sea ice on September 17, 2014. The map is based on data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sensor on Japan's Global Change Observation Mission 1st-Water (GCOM-W1) satellite. The yellow outline on the map shows the median sea ice extent observed in September from 1981 through 2010.
Meanwhile, sea ice on the other side of the planet was headed in the opposite direction. The second map, also based on data from the AMSR2 sensor, shows Antarctic sea ice on September 19, 2014. While it was not yet possible to determine if the ice had reached its maximum extent for the year, the five-day average had already surpassed 20 million square kilometers (7.70 million square miles) for the first time in the modern satellite record, according to NSIDC.
“This is not unexpected,” said Nathan Kurtz, a cryospheric scientist at NASA Goddard. He noted that many climate models actually predict a short-term increase in Antarctic sea ice. Factors like increasing fresh water and higher wind speeds promote ice growth and expansion—factors that appear to be dominating right now. In the long-term, Kurtz added, “increasing near-surface air temperatures are expected to have the stronger effect and begin to melt the ice and halt the expansion.”
Sea ice around Antarctica has been increasing, but not by much. “The overall trend of sea ice expansion in the Antarctic is only one-third of the magnitude of the decrease in arctic sea ice,” Kurtz said.
Antarctic sea ice develops and evolves under vastly different circumstances than Arctic sea ice. In the north, sea ice sits in a nearly land-locked ocean, while sea ice in the southern hemisphere exists in the open ocean surrounding an extensive land mass. This geography affects how the ice expands and retreats in response to climate, leading in part to the differing sea ice scenarios at the two poles.
References and Further Reading
- NASA Goddard YouTube (2014, September 22) Arctic sea ice reaches 2014 minimum extent. Accessed September 23, 2014.
- NASA Earth Observatory World of Change: Arctic Sea Ice.
- NASA (2012, October 23) Opposite Behaviors? Arctic Sea Ice Shrinks, Antarctic Grows. Accessed September 23, 2014.
- National Snow & Ice Data Center (2014, September 22) Arctic Sea Ice News & Analysis. Accessed September 23, 2014.It turned out that the Moon is older than the scientists expected – it is as much as the age of 4.51 billion years.
These latest estimates were made possible thanks to the rocks and soil collected by astronauts of mission “Apollo” in 1971
One research group reported on Wednesday that the Moon was formed more than 60 million years after the birth of the Solar system. According to previous estimates, the formation of the moon occurred in the period after 100-200 million years, counting from the time of completion of formation of the Solar system, so its age is not exactly 4.6 billion years.
These scientists, led by Melanie Barboni (Melanie Barboni), University of California, Los Angeles (University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA), USA, conducted a Dating method radioisotope analysis of the content of radioactive isotopes of uranium and lead in the mineral zircon, extracted from lunar samples brought to Earth by the astronauts of mission “Apollo”.
The moon was formed from debris torn from the Earth, and the age of the planet is approximately 4,54 billion years.
Some of these eight samples of zircon was used in a previous study, also conducted within the walls of UCLA, however, in that study methods have been applied had significantly more limitations. Barbone also said that she continues to explore the zircon samples collected by the astronauts of mission “Apollo”, however, does not think that her estimate of the age of the moon will change more than to 4.52 billion years.Purchase Your Course Now, Purchase Your University Credits Later! Or purchase both at once!
This course will teach learners effective strategies for both preventing and responding to disruptive behavior from K-12 students. Module 1 focuses on strategies that aim to prevent disruptive behavior from occurring at all. These strategies include establishing clear rules and procedures, and using positive reinforcement to emphasize behavioral expectations.
Module 2 focuses on strategies for responding to disruptive behavior if and when it does occur. These strategies include a five-step verbal technique designed to stop disruptive behavior in its tracks, as well as a range of other strategies for handling low-level disruptions. The course will also cover how to select and deliver effective consequences that encourage students to reflect on the disruptive behavior, and make better choices about their behavior in the future.
The final project of this course asks learners to create an action plan mapping out how to handle a common scenario of disruptive student behavior that they are currently experiencing or have frequently experienced in the past (and anticipate experiencing again).
University pricing options
*subject to changeIELTS Academic Writing Task 1 with answer.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The charts below give information about the diet and general health of two groups of students.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.
The given pie charts present data about the general health and diet habit of two student groups. Overall, foods with high fat content have a direct relationship with overweight, less attendance in class, and illness.
As is observed from the given pie chart, the two groups of students were categorized in group A and group B. In group A, students ate 35% cereal, 8% fruit, 5% fish, 22% vegetable and 30% foods with high fat. On the contrary the students of group B ate more fat mixed foods (50%), less vegetable (only 5%), less fruit (5%) and equal fish items (5%) that students in group A ate. Due to this food habits, students of group A had better health conditions and more class attendance. While students from group A only 10% students were overweight, this percentage was double for group B. Illness among the first group was reported only 5% compared to 12% illness in group B. Finally students of group A had 90% class presence against 75% class attendance by group B students.Pazarlama faaliyetlerinizin sonucunda yeni müşteri adayları elde edersiniz. Pazarlamanın bir maliyeti vardır, bu nedenle bütçenizi akıllıca harcamak istersiniz.
Pazarlama verimliliğinin iyi bir ölçütü, nitelikli müşteri adayı başına maliyeti ölçmektir. Muhtemelen her bir pazarlama kanalı için nasıl bir maliyetiniz olduğunu biliyorsunuz, ancak bunların her birinin ne kadar nitelikli müşteri adayı getirdiğini de bilmeniz gerekir.
Bunu yapmak için, her bir müşteri adayı kaynağını takip etmeniz gerekir. Bu amaçla, her bir müşteri adayının geldiği kaynağı belirlemek için kaynak alanındaki seçeneklerden birini işaretleyebilirsiniz.
En yaygın müşteri adayı kaynakları arasında çevrimiçi reklam kampanyaları, telefon arama kampanyaları, ticari fuarlar vb. yer alır. Yöneticiniz, kontrol paneli ayarlarını kullanarak TeamGram tarafından takip edilecek müşteri adayı kaynaklarını tanımlayabilir.
Bir müşteri adayının kaynağını belirlemek, müşteri adayının nasıl oluşturulduğunu anlamanıza yardımcı olur. Böylece her bir müşteri adayının nasıl bir performans sergilediğini gösteren raporlar ve grafikler oluşturabilirsiniz.Il corsaro e scrittore inglese William Dampier (1652-1715) esplorò la costa dell'Australia occidentale e stimolò l'interesse per il Pacifico attraverso popolari libri di viaggio.
William Dampier nacque il figlio di un contadino del Somerset nel giugno 1652. Navigò verso Terranova e le Indie Orientali quando era ancora un ragazzo e prese parte alla Terza Guerra Olandese (1672-1674). Dopo un breve soggiorno in Giamaica come sottosegretario di una piantagione, si unì ai bucanieri dei Caraibi nel periodo di massimo splendore del capitano Morgan. Nel 1686 il capitano Swan della Cygnet, in cui Dampier stava navigando, decise di cercare premi nel Pacifico prima di tornare in Inghilterra. Dopo aver trascorso 6 mesi nelle Filippine, l'equipaggio di Swan ha sequestrato la nave e ha navigato nelle acque dell'Estremo Oriente tra Cina e Australia. Dampier trascorse quindi l'estate del 1688 a King Sound, nell'Australia occidentale. Dopo essere stato abbandonato su una delle isole Nicobare, viaggiò in canoa nativa fino a Sumatra e prestò servizio come artigliere a Bencoelen prima di tornare in Inghilterra.
Dampier ha registrato i dettagli delle sue incredibili avventure insieme ai dati di navigazione in un diario su cui si è basato Un nuovo viaggio intorno al mondo (1967) e Viaggi e descrizioni (1699). Impressionato dal suo lavoro, l'Ammiragliato inglese gli commissionò il grado di capitano per comandare una spedizione per esplorare la costa australiana. Raggiunse Shark Bay, nell'Australia occidentale, nell'agosto del 1699 e, utilizzando le carte di Tasman, risalì la costa per un mese alla ricerca di un estuario. Dopo essersi ripreso a Timor, ha proceduto lungo la costa settentrionale della Nuova Guinea e ha scoperto la Nuova Gran Bretagna, ma ha abbandonato i piani per esplorare la costa orientale dell'Australia perché la sua nave, la HMS Capriolo, era in cattive condizioni. Sulla via di casa, il capriolo maschino fu perso al largo dell'isola di Ascensione e l'equipaggio fu salvato dal ritorno degli uomini dell'India orientale.
Una corte marziale nel 1702 trovò Dampier non idoneo a comandare una nave da guerra. Durante i successivi 4 anni guidò una spedizione corsara fallita nei mari del sud. Tra il 1708 e il 1711 fece nuovamente il giro del mondo come pilota per il capitano Woodes Rogers, un corsaro sponsorizzato dai mercanti di Bristol. Fu durante questo viaggio che Alexander Selkirk, che in precedenza era stato abbandonato dall'equipaggio di una nave al comando di Dampier, fu prelevato in una delle isole Juan Fernández nel Pacifico meridionale. Dampier morì a Londra nel marzo 1715 prima di ricevere la sua parte del bottino della spedizione.
Ulteriori letture
Un resoconto di Dampier che rileva sia i suoi successi che i suoi difetti è Christopher Lloyd, William Dampier (1966). Vedi anche Clennell Wilkinson, Dampier: Explorer e Buccaneer (1929). C'è un racconto entusiasmante di bucanieri nei Caraibi e nel Pacifico in PK Kemp e Christopher Lloyd, I fratelli della costa (1960). □住在橘子里的仙女读后感在这个寒假里，我读了黄蓓佳阿姨的一本倾情小说，故事中的内容令人不禁泪下。
故事中的泽玛姬善良纯真，所以被拉珍一次次陷害。
而泽玛姬都没与任何防备。
故事的主人公是一位善良而淘气的王子和美丽的仙子泽玛姬，他们经历了许多磨难，终于在最后走在了一起。 故事的主人公是一位善良而淘气的王子和美丽的仙子泽玛姬，他们经历了许多磨难，终于在最后走在了一起。 故事是这样的，一天，小王子得到了一把弹弓，便起了玩心，打算射鸟，可看见了一个在挑水的老婆婆，谁知石块直接射向了水桶，结果老婆婆全身都湿了，而且水桶也坏了，王子向老婆婆道了歉，并帮老婆婆修好了水桶。
老婆婆见小王子是个心地善良的人，便告诉小王子在遥远的橘子林里，有一个住在橘子里的仙女，它既美丽又善良，并且娶到她的人将一生幸福。
小王子历尽千辛万苦，在种种磨难下，终于找到了仙子泽玛姬，但是泽玛姬的侍女，因为想当上王妃，所以三番五次的陷害泽玛姬，最后，终于邪不胜正，侍女拉珍在一次陷害泽玛姬中从八楼掉下去了，从此泽玛姬和小王子过着幸福快乐的日子。
在这个故事中，我明白了坚持。 有句名言是这样说的永远没有人力可以击退一个艰巨强毅的希望。 只要我们有坚定目标，即使在这过程中有多大的困难险阻，只要有决心，任何事情都不在话下。
坚持，是一件说起来容易做起来难的事，这两个字是我们耐力和决心的结合。
他同样也是一种态度是大家必有而又难得珍存的一种态度。
我想，我们手随手可折的纸鹤，他虽让没有被赋予生命的色彩，他们拥有翅膀，有着飞入蓝天的梦想，他们不在乎别人的眼光，只管自己的梦想。
他们没有因为他人的冷漠而放弃希望。
我想，连一个小小的纸鹤都有飞天的梦，现在的我们又怎能放弃呢在我们通往梦想的路上，一定会有数不尽的风雨，但哪怕遍体鳞伤，我们也要为自己的梦想努力拼搏。 相信风雨后的彩虹。
就像小王子和泽玛姬一样，他们经历了多少磨难，但仍旧没有放弃希望，最后终于克服了重重困难，幸福的生活在了一起。 岁月把许多梦想化为泡影，因此给人留下了许多遗憾，所以我们一定不能重蹈覆辙，不能让软弱成为我们累赘。 就算最后的结果并不如意，毕竟我们曾经追逐过，努力过，这样我们就对得起自己的梦想。
但是，在那布满荆棘的路上，唯有坚持，才能使我们到达成功的彼岸。 请大家相信，成功只在太阳下闪烁，只在月亮下发光，没有努力的梦想就是一个空壳，同学们让我们一起努力，让梦想充实起来，也让我们为梦想努力一把，不留下任何遗憾!。A Douglas-fir tussock moth larva. Image courtesy United States Forest Service.
by Benjamin Recchie
Midwesterners don’t think much about Douglas fir, but these evergreens are important to the Pacific Northwest—both to its economy (as raw material for the timber industry) and to its ecology (as habitat for other living things). But there’s one living thing in the thousands of square miles of Douglas fir forests that worries the staff of the United States Forest Service, which oversees them: the Douglas-fir tussock moth. This moth, while still in its caterpillar stage, feeds on the needles of the Douglas fir, which can in turn injure or kill the tree. Outbreaks of tussock moths can lead to clusters of dead trees and degraded forests. The Forest Service’s attempts to fight the tussock moth eventually drew the interest of Greg Dwyer, professor of ecology and evolution; Dwyer studies the transmission of infectious diseases, sometimes in humans, but also in forest-dwelling insects.
The Forest Service had been trying to develop an environmentally friendly way of controlling the tussock moth by treating the forests with a naturally occurring virus that only infects that insect, destroying its internal organs while still in its caterpillar stage. (Or in Dwyer’s evocative phrase, the infected caterpillar “sort of melts.”) The Forest Service’s early results were successful, he says, but also puzzling. They “discovered that they’ll spray the virus in one area and all the insects will die, but in another area where they don’t spray, the insects will also die of the virus,” he explains. Because the virus is expensive, the Forest Service wanted to find a way to avoid spraying populations that would die on their own without intervention.
Dwyer’s lab first helped the Forest Service determine what kind of data they needed to collect, such as the number of insects in different populations in the forest, the amount of the virus present in the environment, and the fraction of the insects infected as the epidemic proceeds. Then, they developed two hypotheses: either that the virus the Forest Service had been using was weaker than the wild variety, or that there was a reservoir of the virus in the wild that simply took a while to take hold and start an epidemic. Taking the data provided by the Forest Service, the researchers built two models to project the course of an epidemic, one for each hypothesis. Dwyer’s postdoctoral scholar Joseph Mihaljevic used the RCC’s high-performance computing cluster, Midway, to fit stochastic differential equations to their data
A researcher collects Douglas-fir tussock moths in the field. Phot courtesy Joseph Mihaljevic.
“For any given parameter set, we use standard differential-equation-solver software in GSL [Gnu Scientific Library] to generate a large number of predictions of time series of infection rates from our stochastic differential equations,” Dwyer explains. They then calculated a likelihood using Monte Carlo integration, ran the models, and altered their parameters (such as how infectious the disease is, how long it lasts on the trees’ needles, and how quickly it kills its host) until they got a good fit to the data. Finding good parameter values was tricky in this project, he says, but they were able to apply an algorithm developed by Dwyer’s former student David Kennedy called line-search Markov chain Monte Carlo, which allowed them to increase the parallelization of their code and therefore find solutions faster.
Mihaljevic and Dwyer’s results, while preliminary, were clear. “There was a little virus in the non-sprayed population, enough to wipe everything out,” says Dwyer. The virus population lagged behind the tussock moth population; at first, the tussock moth population boomed, but once the virus got traction within the population, it became so widespread that it destroyed the tussock moth population. In addition, there was no reason to believe that the sprayed virus had lost any of its potency.
The models developed for this project are easily generalized to other forest pests, Dwyer says, such as the gypsy moth (a major pest in forests in the eastern US), and even to the spread of human viruses such as
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ması, doğal gaza olan bağımlılığı ortadan kaldırmaz. Yenilenebilir kaynaklar, tanımı gereği, kesintili ve değişkendir ve ayrıca planlanması zordur. Ek olarak, daha fazla yenilenebilir enerji kurmak, tarifeyi daha pahalı hale getiren iletim ve dağıtım yatırımları için büyük harcamalar gerektiriyor.
Ek olarak, yenilenebilirler enerji kaynakları diğer ülkelere olan bağımlılığı azaltmıyor. Ülkeler, lityum, alüminyum, bakır vb. için Çin'e ve diğer ülkelere bağımlı hale geliyor.
Bu krizin bize gösterdiği bir şey varsa o da; Avrupa bu krizi, enerji politikalarını belirleyen yasa koyucuların ideolojik saplantıları, kibir ve cehaletinin bir kombinasyonu nedeniyle yaşıyor.
Nükleer, hidro, gaz ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarıyla dengeli bir karışımın önemi her geçen gün daha da belirgin hale geliyor.Vitamine antiossidanti contro l’AlzheimerUna ricerca condotta in Germania ha dimostrato come le vitamine antiossidanti aiutino a preservare la funzione cognitiva e prevenire malattie come l'Alzheimer.
Uno studio condotto in Germania presso l’Università di Ulm ha evidenziato come le vitamine antiossidanti aiutino a preservare la funzione cognitiva. Gabriele Nagel e i colleghi ricercatori hanno studiato un gruppo di 74 uomini e donne, compresi tra i 65 e i 90 anni d’età, con demenza di grado lieve. Questo campione è stato confrontato con un gruppo di controllo di 158 soggetti di pari età attraverso test neuropsicologici, valutazione dello stile di vita, analisi del livello di vitamine nel sangue e calcolo dell’indice di massa corporea per ciascun paziente. La concentrazione di vitamina C e beta carotene, nel siero dei pazienti affetti da demenza, si è dimostrato significativamente inferiore rispetto ai soggetti sottoposti al controllo. Questa differenza tra i due gruppi non è stata, invece, riscontrata per gli altri antiossidanti (vitamina E, licopene, coenzima Q10). La vitamina C contenuta negli agrumi e il beta-carotene contenuto in carote, albicocche e spinaci potrebbero quindi prevenire l’insorgenza e lo sviluppo di malattie come l’Alzheimer secondo Nagel. Tuttavia, sono necessari ulteriori studi longitudinali con campioni diversi e più estesi per confermare questo risultato, già di per sé molto positivo.
Fonte: Studio dell'Università di Ulm sull'influenza degli antiossidanti sull'Alzehimer.ASU anthropologist, historian help reconstruct soldier's identity
Fort William Henry – immortalized in James Fenimore Cooper’s "The Last of the Mohicans" – had a short but bloody history. Following an infamous massacre and its abandonment during the French and Indian War, the Lake George, N.Y., fort became home to many unidentified human remains.
A recent episode of "The Decrypters," a National Geographic Channel television series, was dedicated to investigating the identity of one of these unknown soldiers. The “go-to” person for deciding where to begin was ASU anthropologist Brenda J. Baker, who directed an excavation at the fort in 1995. That venture yielded several skeletons from the fort’s cemetery, including one that Baker found especially noteworthy.
“The National Geographic Channel ultimately wanted to do a facial reconstruction, and I suggested Burial 14,” said Baker, an associate professor in the School of Human Evolution and Social Change, in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. “This man has a very interesting face due to healed injuries and the fact that he does not look European.”
Based on morphology, Burial 14 appeared to be Native American – seemingly unusual for a man buried in a British uniform during an era when the British were fighting the Native Americans and French.
Although his skeletal remains bear evidence of a violent life, including healed fractures in his right cheek and arm, there is no indication of how he died. That left the National Geographic Channel crew with two questions: who was Burial 14, and how did he die?
Baker’s on-camera interview for the show was held at Fort William Henry, where she explained that the bodies were laid out in rows, some displaying trauma consistent with warfare, and that scraps of cloth and old buttons of uniforms were recovered from the gravesites, all indicating that the men were soldiers.
A team of forensic specialists, led by Texas State University forensic anthropologist Michelle Hamilton, uncovered clues to the soldier’s life and death through a CT-scan, cranial measurements, DNA testing from the teeth root and carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses.
The forensic team’s findings were remarkable. Genetically, Burial 14 is Native American, but he is not from the surrounding Northeastern Region. Isotope testing of his teeth showed that he was born and raised about 2,000 miles west and was most likely of a Plains tribe.
ASU Distinguished Foundation Professor of History Donald Fixico, who also appears in the episode, titled “The Last Mohican?,” said, “For this Native person to be buried in a British cemetery is really unusual. ... There were over 30 tribal nations that fought for the French ... maybe about one-third that many for the British.”
He said that it is important to realize that there were many existing rivalries among Native peoples and that while the British and French courted them to their sides, the Native peoples also strategized their alliances with the invading armies.
Fixico suspects that because Burial 14 was from so far away, he was of exceptional worth. “If he were talking to, for example, the British military commander, he could tell him what the local Native people were thinking,” Fixico said. “He could also tell accounts of where he traveled from and what he ran into. ... He was kind of a walking encyclopedia of the interior and even further than that west. He would be a very valuable person to anyone at that time.”
With the talents of a forensic artist and a graphic artist, the reconstructed face of Burial 14 emerges at the end of the program. The cause of death is determined to be smallpox, a conclusion that Baker does not necessarily share but admits is a possibility.
“A number of other infectious conditions – such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, dysentery – could just as easily have felled him,” she said, noting that historical accounts show the fort was rife with disease and unsanitary conditions. Baker also noted that the man could have died as the result of a soft tissue wound that did not leave behind skeletal evidence.
Though some mysteries, like his name, remain for Burial 14, his identity as a Native American man who was esteemed by his British allies has been restored.Finding your personal style can be time-consuming and expensive.
Growing up, I always saw clothes as a way to express myself. I loved the way an outfit could make me feel confident and put together, no matter the price. It was this love that prompted me to watch the 2015 documentary The True Cost when I recently stumbled upon it on Netflix.
The film investigates our consumer-based culture and its effects on the Earth through pollution and waste. It looks in particular at clothing consumption and what is termed fast fashion, the business style that moves clothes quickly from producer to consumer, bringing new styles to stores almost every week.
The film also shares the stories of garment workers who produce fast fashion, contrasting that with those who work for fair trade fashion brands, which make efforts to combat some of the ethical shortcomings that result from the production of fast fashion.
Throwing Away Clothes (And Money)
Clothes have become so cheap due to mass production that consumers are throwing them away in staggering amounts. Consider the size of the market: The fast fashion industry — composed of players like Shein, H&M, and Zara — raked in $35.8 billion in 2019 alone, according to the 2020 Fast Fashion Global Market Report.
Although the industry has seen a decline due to the market effects of the pandemic, that’s still a lot of clothes, many of which are worn only a few times before they are thrown away or donated to charity.
About 11.3 million tons of textiles ended up in landfills in 2018, reports the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). That’s more than six times the amount in 1960, and almost double that in 2000. These figures reflect an increase in consumption and point to a decrease in how long people keep a garment.
Clothes are often inexpensive, so it’s easiest to get rid of them rather than attempt to reuse or repurpose them.
What’s more, only 14.7 percent of textile waste was recycled in 2018, according to the same EPA study. We are missing the mark when it comes to respecting our resources — and in the long run, our money.
“I choose thrift over retail stores because of how corrupt our market is,” says Allie Vanetti, a student at Saint Joseph’s University in Philadelphia.
“I think it’s a better way to help the economy,” Vanetti adds. “I also donate to the thrift store I frequent, so it’s a give-and-get kind of thing. I think people throw away clothes like it’s nothing. They get piled up, and it hurts the environment.”
Filling up landfills isn’t the only way the fashion industry impacts the environment. Believe it or not, the fashion industry is the second largest contributor to water pollution at about 20 percent, placing 500,000 microfibers into the ocean annually, as reported by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNep).
Add to this that the carbon emissions from fashion manufacturing are responsible for 8 to 10 percent of global carbon emissions, as the UNep also reports, and you can see the staggering level of impact our clothing has on the environment.
The pollution doesn’t end with production, either. Every time you wash a synthetic fabric, the microfibers enter water sources, which continually threatens biodiversity, according to research by Francesca De Falco, Emilia Di Pace, Mariacristina Cocca, and Maurizio Avella.
With this in mind, it is worthwhile to consider purchasing clothing made of natural fabrics if you are seeking to be eco-conscious. Though these clothes may be more expensive than synthetic fabrics, they have a lighter environmental impact.
“There are so many initiatives and ways to look at the issue of environmental sustainability,” says Julie K. Hughes, president of the U.S. Fashion Industry Association (USFIA). “As an industry association, we hear from our members often and look into the issues they raise and are dealing with — of which there is such a breadth.’
“On the environmental side, you can start with fiber,” Hughes continues. “You know what’s sustainable fiber. You have cotton initiatives, you have initiatives like Canopy, that are looking at the use of viscose [a semi-synthetic] made from tree pulp, and how is the industry guaranteeing that they’re not using the old-growth forests.”
“We at USFIA work closely with organizations at the fiber level, the product level, and the yarn level. We see what’s sustainable, who’s using recycled products for sustainability, what are the practices for dyeing, and what are the water initiatives, ” Hughes adds.
“We’ve been working on the sustainability of our business for more than 20 years, but our industry is redefining itself and evolving, and so are we,” according to an H&M Group spokesperson.
“Our vision is to lead the change toward circular and climate-positive fashion while being a fair and equal company,” the spokesperson says. “We must innovate not only materials and processes, but also business models and new ways for people to experience fashion and design.”
Fast Fashion Garment Factories
Motivated by profits, fast fashion brands outsource much of, or all their manufacturing to countries where labor costs are low, such as China, Bangladesh, and Vietnam. There is a much higher profit margin in such countries than in places where minimum wages are higher, like the United States.
A main feature in the documentary The True Cost was footage from the Bangladesh Rana Plaza garment factory building collapse in April 2013. More than 1,100 people were killed, and thousands more affected by the tragic loss of life. It was a disaster that set in motion many safety and wage regulations in Bangladesh.
In 2013, the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh was created. The Accord conducts factory inspections, monitors and facilitates remediation progress, conducts safety training, and resolves safety complaints.
These regulations work to create a safe and fair work environment so that workers do not have to fear for their lives when they walk into the factory.
The garment factory workplace has presented real dangers to its workers in the past, so it is important that brands make safety a priority in their supply chain. The biggest challenge in creating a safe workplace is the willingness of the brand to pay a bit more for labor, raising wages and/or investing in safety through factory renovations.
The cost of investing in workers is a portion of profit margin for the company.
These high costs have the potential to drive down the number of jobs available. If jobs are scarce and garment factory jobs decrease, this might make it even more difficult for people to find work in developing nations.
Safety and wage regulations ought to be good, not bad, for garment workers.
“The impact of regulation and wage rates in large supply chains, specifically pertaining to the garment and fashion industry, is phenomenal,” says Akshat Modi, director of MI Industries, a textile mill for woven fabrics in New Delhi, India, working toward complete production transparency.
“It is largely dependent on the underlying [raw material] industry’s ability to adapt,” Modi says. “If they are able to create significant productivity improvements, the new regulation might not create a significant negative impact.”
“We’re committed to being fair and equal and respecting the fundamental human rights of all people across our value chain — in our own operations, across our supply chains, and in the communities where we operate,” according to an H&M Group spokesperson.
“This work is guided by the U.N. Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights,” the spokesperson adds. “Our work focuses on three areas that are all an essential foundation for good working conditions: health and safety, workplace dialogue, and compensation and benefits.”
The Need for Transparency in Clothing Production
Understanding whether the brands you patronize treat their workers fairly requires transparency on the part of the companies. When a brand is transparent about its business practices, it allows consumers to make informed choices about where they shop.
“Transparency is essential to a just fashion industry because it requires brands to take accountability for their entire supply chain,” says Jessica NeJame, project manager for The New Fashion Initiative, a nonprofit promoting circularity, collaboration, and accountability in fashion.
“It also allows consumers to track where exactly their clothes are coming from and under what conditions they are being made,” NeJame adds.
Staying informed when you choose where to shop is a huge part of the battle.
How Slow Fashion Brands Are Flipping the Script
Brands who might describe themselves as “slow fashion” are breaking out of the fast fashion model, rethinking how they go about production. Luxury brand Stella Carakasi has been a fashion innovator and disruptor for more than 25 years, trying to break the unnecessary waste and the environmental and social consequences that fast fashion has created.
“‘Fashion as usual’ no longer works, and it is our responsibility as designers and manufacturers to be the catalyst for change,” says Allan Boutrous, director of brand marketing for Stella Carakasi.
“Our work goes beyond designing and marketing clothing in the old way,” Boutrous adds. “We must lead with our values, teach awareness, remain authentic, incorporate innovation, and inspire others to embrace change while collectively looking for solutions to reinvent and forge ahead. We must be thought leaders and environmental activists.”
In Boutrous’ opinion, it is up to the brands themselves to lead the way at correcting injustices and creating lasting change in the fashion industry.
In a world where companies can so easily exploit their labor sources, Boutrous believes, it is up to the brands to build businesses that uplift the members of their supply chain, respect natural resources, and provide transparency to their customers.
One way to identify if a company is using “slow fashion” practices is by seeking out clothing with Fairtrade International Certification.
According to Fairworldproject.org, this ensures that at every step of production, garment workers earn a living wage and are paid more for overtime, workers’ unions and collective bargaining are supported, and hazardous materials are kept out of factories.
The Bottom Line
Thinking creatively and consciously about how and where I shop, making choices as a consumer to lighten my impact on people and the environment, and sharing what I know with others, can contribute to lasting change — and so can you.
There are not only social and environmental benefits to treading lightly in our shopping habits, but there can be financial benefits, too. Shopping less frequently and more sustainability has the potential to lower your clothing bill — and help the planet.chrysalis or cocoon
Location: Mountains of North Carolina
December 2, 2011 9:51 am
Found on Physocarpus , a North American native shrub.
What is inside it?
Thank you for your help.
This is the cocoon of a Giant Silkmoth in the family Saturniidae. A Cocoon is generally a silken structure that is spun, possibly incorporating leaves, branches or the hairs from the caterpillar in its construction. The cocoon helps to protect the naked pupa inside. The pupa of a butterfly is often called a chrysalis. We hope that helps some with the proper terminology. We believe this may be a Polyphemus Moth Cocoon (see BugGuide) or possibly a Luna Moth Cocoon (see bugguide), though the cocoons of the Luna Moth generally fall to the ground among leaf litter where a blanket of snow helps to insulate them from the cold.Straight Talk About Self-Confidence
Straight Talk About Self-Confidence - DVD
Help students identify and maintain healthy relationships.
Early adolescence is a time of rapid and dramatic changes. Navigating the social and emotional complexities presented by daily life can be especially challenging during the teen years. Introducing this Straight Talk program, hosts Melissa and Randy present the concept of Self-Confidence, and show a group of students at a nearby junior high school talking about self-confidence and self-esteem with their guidance counselor.
Identifying seven basic concepts, the members of the group detail their personal experiences with a keener understanding of self-confidence. Providing guidance along the path to emotional maturity Straight Talk About Self-Confidence can help boys and girls improve personal insight and the ways they relate to others.
"Straight Talk About Self-Confidence and Straight Talk About Anger are two quite practical 15-minute videos... highly recommended as educational tools for grades 6 to 8 classroom curriculum enhancement." -Midwest Book Review
Key Concept: Promoting self-esteem
Run Time: 15:10
Age Group: Grades 6-8سرهنگ رستمی درباره مشکل کپسول آتش نشانی خودروها افزود: برابر
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than V. vinifera and the more traditional interspecific French-American hybrids that present some challenges when making wine. These characteristics include a rapid rise in juice pHduring maturation coupled with the retaining of high levels of acids, high juice potassium, a different profile of malic to tartaric acid, and “herbaceous” characters in the wine.
In collaboration with 11 other institutions, Iowa State University is part of a 12 state USDA- SCRI Northern Grapes Project “Integrating Viticulture, Winemaking, and Marketing of New Cold Hardy Cultivars Supporting New and Growing Rural Wineries”. The ISU Department of Horticulture is part of the viticulture team whose goal is to improve the quality of wine produced from cold climate grape cultivars grown in sustainable vineyards located across the Upper Midwest and Northeast. The Department participates under the following objectives:
Objective1a: Evaluate cold climate cultivar performance under a wide range of climates throughout the Upper Midwest and Northeast to match cultivar with site.
Studies being conducted are using cultivars in the 2008 NE-1020 Multi-state Evaluation of Cold Hardy Wine Grape Cultivars.
Objective 2a: Evaluate crop and canopy management strategies to minimize fruit acid content and improve fruit composition in high-acid, cold climate grape cultivars.
A rapid rise in juice pH during maturation, retention of high acid levels, high juice potassium, a different profile of malic to tartaric acid and “herbaceous” characters in the wine that have been reported for cold hardy northern grape cultivars have also been associated with grapes from overly shaded canopies. The Northern Grapes viticulture team has undertaken studies to determine if cultural practices can improve fruit quality and winemaking potential of Frontenac, La Crescent and Marquette grapes.These studies include the evaluationsingle and divide canopy training systems, canopy management practices to improve light distribution, and crop load management. Iowa studies include:
- Training Systems: Frontenac and Marquette grapevines at Snus Hill Winery, Madrid, IA, and La Crescent grapevines at Hickory Creek Vineyard, Adel, IA were converted from a high wire cordon (HWC) to a Geneva double curtain (GDC), mid-wire cordon with vertical shoot positioning (VSP), and a Scott-Henry (SH) training systems.
Training systems treatments (ppt slides)
2012 Report: 2012 was the conversion year and no data was collected.
- Canopy Management Practices: Studies are being conducted on high wire cordon trained Frontenac and Marquette grapevines at Penoach Vineyard and Winery, Adel, IA and on La Crescent grapevines at Snus Hill Winery, Madrid, IA. Treatments being evaluated includeall combinations of early season shoot thinning (thinning to a single shoot per node and removal of non-count adventitious shoots emerging along the cordon), lateral shoot removal (adventitious shoots emerging from the leaf axils) in the fruiting zone, and shoot positioning. Treatments were monitored for time required to conduct the various cultural practices, light distribution in the grapevine canopy, and fruit quality indices at harvest. The study is be conducted by Dylan Rolfes, graduate student in horticulture.
Canopy management treatments (ppt slides)
- Crop Load Management: Studies to evaluate the influence of crop load on juice quality are being conducted on grapevines in commercial vineyards that are trained to a high wire cordon. Cultivars being evaluated include Frontenac at Snus Hill Winery, La Crescent at Hickory Creek Vineyard and Marquette at Penoach Vineyard and Winery.
2012 Report: Grapevines at the sites were exposed to temperatures (F)in the low 20’s on April 11 when shoot development ranged from full swell to third leaf for Marquette; second leaf for La Crescent; and first leaf for Frontenac. Some young Marquette vines were killed to the ground. With a limited crop, studies were delayed until 2013.
2012 Spring frost injury (ppt slide)
Objective 2b: Determine optimal mineral nutrition and soil management practices for cold climate grape cultivars.
Unbalanced mineral nutrition due to a lack of or excessive nutrient inputs, particularly nitrogen or potassium, can lead to undesirable juice properties such as high or low acidity and sugars or low yeast assimilable N (YAN). Current mineral nutrient sufficiency ranges are based on other grape species (V. vinifera and V. labrusca) and they may not be appropriate for the new cold-hardy cultivars. There has been recent debate on whether or not petiole sampling is the best method to assess the nutritional status of grapevines. To address these issues, the viticulture team is assessing the nutrition status of Frontenac, La Crescent and Marquette grapevines grower vineyards on different soils through soil sampling and petiole and leaf blade analysis, with the tissue sampling occurring three times during the growing season (bloom, four weeks after bloom and veraison). Correlations between mineral nutrient status, pruning weights, yield, and fruit quality parameters will be assessed.The study is being conducted in vineyards in MN, IA, SD, ND, and NY. In Iowa, vineyards represent loess soils of western Iowa, heavier soils of southern Iowa, limestone soils of northeastern Iowa and glacial soils of central Iowa.
Presentations on the progress of the project team are reported at Northern Grapes Symposiums
2008 NE-1020 Multi-state Evaluation of Cold Hardy Wine Grape Cultivars
In conjunction with the Northeast Regional Research project NE 1020 “Multi-state Evaluation of Wine Grape Cultivars and Clones,” Iowa State University established a cold hardy wine grape cultivar trial in 2008 at the ISU Horticulture Research Station, near Ames, IA and at Tabor Home Vineyards and Winery near Baldwin, IA. The Iowa trialsare evaluating the performance of Corot noir, La Crescent, Marquette, Petit Amie, NY 95.0301-01, MN-1189, MN-1200, MN-1220, MN-1235, MN-1258, with Frontenac and St. Croix serving as controls. Similar plantings were established in South Dakota, Nebraska, and Missouri, with some selections being evaluated Connecticut, Indiana, Kentucky and Michigan.The vines were spaced 8 x 10 ft apart (545 vines per acre) with three vines per replication, replicated six time in a randomized block design. Vines were trained to a high wire bi-lateral cordon system with the cordon wire at 6.0 feet.
Protein Expression in Cold Acclimating and Freezing Tolerant Grape Cane Tissues
Lee Goldsmith, graduate student, Gail Nonnecke, professor, Paul Domoto, professor, and Rajeev Arora, professor, Department of Horticulture
The continental climate in Iowa is important when selecting grape cultivars that are tolerant of low-temperature stresses. Many cold-regulated (COR) proteins respond to freezing stress, and are able to protect cellular membranes from cold-induced dehydration damage. It is unknown which proteins are important for cultivars to withstand extreme temperature fluctuations and low temperatures that can injure over-wintering canes. The objective of this investigation is to observe the ability of two grape cultivars to survive extreme temperature fluctuations during cold-acclimation, mid winter, and deacclimation. Experiments will be conducted to determine and compare changes in proteins during cold acclimation and deacclimation in canes for Frontenac and Seyval blanc grape cultivars.
Alternative Weed Management Strategies Influence Weed Control and Grapevine Yield in an Established Vineyard
Lisa Wasko, graduate student, Departments of Horticulture and Agronomy, and Gail Nonnecke, university professor, Department of Horticulture
Weeds compromise vineyard productivity by competing with grapevines for water and nutrients. Herbicides and/or cultivation are commonly used to manage weeds by viticulturists. However, these techniques may jeopardize soil sustainability and ultimately affect soil productivity. The need for economically viable alternative weed management strategies that are effective at managing weeds, maintain grapevine performance and quality, and conserve soil resources are of increasing concern. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four weed management strategies on weed control, grapevine physiological responses, and assayed soil parameters in an established vineyard. Secondly, this study will investigate the influence of irrigation on grapevine growth and development grown with or without a living mulch.
Influence of Cover Crop Rotation and Conventional Practices on Grapevine Plant Growth and Weed Growth
Dennis Portz, graduate student & Gail Nonnecke, professor, Department of Horticulture
Cover crops are used in rotation with cropping systems to improve soil quality and to suppress pests. Use of cover crops prior to replanting on sites with grape may provide a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides and may maintain or improve soil quality. The objectives of this study were to investigate how cover crops affect weed and nematode populations and soil physical and chemical properties when used on replant sites with Vitis spp. (grape).
Management and Soil Quality in Vineyard Agroecosystems
Dilley (PhD candidate) and Dr. Gail Nonnecke, Department of Horticulture,
Dr. Bruce Bordelon, Purdue University,
Dr.Harlene Hatterman-Valenti, North Dakota State University
to examine the effects of conventional and alternative weed management
systems on soil quality in vineyards in three states was initiated in 2004.
Weed management treatments include: 1) conventional herbicide, 2) cultivation/tillage,
3) straw mulch, and 4) a living mulch of creeping red fescue ( Festuca
rubra ). The goal of the project is to
identify optimal weed management practices for soil quality and grapevine
growth and development. A sub-objective of the project is to determine
biological parameters that can be measured and used in combination with
standard chemical and physical soil measurements to indicate an improving
or declining condition of a vineyard soil. Data from the measurements
will be normalized and incorporated into a mathematical index, called
a soil quality index, to be used to gauge the level of an improving or
declining soil condition.
- 2007 Progress Report
- 2006 Progress Report
- 2005 Progress Report
- 2004 Progress Report
Leopold Center Grape Cultivar by Management System Trial
Through a grant from
the Leopold Center of Sustainable Agriculture, a grape cultivar by management
system trial was established in 2002 at the ISU Horticulture Research
Station (Hort Station), and at the ISU Armstrong Research and Demonstration
Farm (Armstrong Farm). The trial was designed to evaluate 15 cultivars
under three management systems. In 2002, 10 wine cultivars [Maréchal
Foch (Foch), Frontenac, Cynthiana (Norton), St.Croix, Chambourcin, Seyval
Blanc (Seyval), La Crosse, Vignole, Traminette, Edelweiss], and four seedless
table cultivars (Marquis, Vanessa, Reliance, Mars) were planted at the
two locations, with the seedless cultivar Jupiter to be added in 2003.
The three management systems being evaluated are a conventional system
that relies on herbicides for weed control, and the application of insecticides
and fungicides on a regular basis; an IPM/best management system that
uses herbicides as needed, and relies on monitoring to determine the need
for insecticides and fungicides; and an organic-approved system, that
relies on alternative methods of weed control and the use of organic-approve
insect and disease control strategies.
The vines were planted
in mid-May. At each site, the vines were spaced 8 x 10 ft apart (545 vines
per acre) with three vines per replication. Treatments were replicated
five times at the Hort Station, and three times at the Armstrong Farm.
Vines training will be to the bi-lateral cordon system on a 2-wire trellis
with wires at 3.5 and 6.0 feet, and post spaced 24 feet apart. Vines with
a procumbent (trailing) growth habit will be trained to the top wire,
while those with a semi-upright to upright growth habit (Chambourcin,
La Crosse, Seyval, Traminettee, Vignole) will be trained to the mid-level
wire with catch wires added above.
Wine Grape Cultivar Trial
Through an Iowa Department
of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS) specialty crops grant awarded
to the Iowa Grape Growers Association (IGGA), a wine grape cultivar trial
was established in 2003 to evaluate the adaptability, productivity, and
wine making quality 20 new cultivars and advanced selections at four locations
in Iowa: ISU Horticulture Research Station, Ames; ISU Armstrong R &
D Farm, Lewis; ISU Southeast R & D Farm, Crawfordsville; and ISU Northeast
R & D Farm, Nashua. These sites represent three different climatic
and four different soil conditions.
The vines were spaced 8 x 10 ft apart (545 vines per acre) with three
vines per replication. The Crawfordsville and Nashua plantings included
the cultivars being evaluated in the 2002 Leopold Center grape cultivar
by management system trial. Treatments are replicated four times at each
site (12 vines per cultivar). Vines training will be to the bi-lateral
cordon system on a 2-wire trellis with wires at 3.5 and 6.0 feet, and
post spaced 24 feet apart. Vines with a procumbent (trailing) growth habit
will be trained to the top wire, while those with a semi-upright to upright
growth habit will be trained to the mid-level wire with catch wires added
- 2010 Progress Report
- 2009 Progress Report
- 2008 Progress Report
- 2007 Progress Report
- 2006 Progress Report
- 2005 Progress Report
- 2004 Progress
- 2003 Progress
Grape Cultivar Propagation Study
(Norton) has shown promise as a wine grape for adapted regions of Southern
Iowa, but unlike most grape cultivars, it is difficult to propagate from
cuttings. Studies have found that rooting can be improved by treating
the cuttings with rooting hormone such as indole-3 butyric acid (IBA).
The use of bottom heat to simulate root development before bud breaks
has also been shown to be beneficial. A student special studies project
was established to evaluate the effect of bottom heat in combination with
rooting hormone treatments on the rooting of ‘Cynthiana’ grape
- 2003 Progress
- 2002 Progress
and Chemical Practices Influencing Fruit Quality with ‘Reliance’
and ‘Swenson Red’ Grape Cultivars
Fresh table grapes
can be grown successfully in the Midwest, and can add a new opportunity
for agricultural diversification and local food systems. However, to be
competitive, local growers will need to product high quality grapes to
compete with out of state supplies. Practices that improved berry size,
cluster appearance, or advance fruit maturation would increase the marketability
of locally grown grapes. Gibberellic acid (GA3) has been shown to improve
berry size in seedless cultivars and loosen clusters of seeded cultivars
when applied at specific times. Practices that regulate crop load, such
as cluster thinning and removing a portion of the cluster (tail thinning)
have been shown to advance maturity of both seeded and seedless grapes.
Tail thinning has also been shown to improve cluster appearance in some
cultivars. This study was undertaken to evaluate these various practice
to improve quality and advance maturity of seeded and seedless table grapes
under Iowa growing conditions.
- 2002 Progress
- 2003 Progress天文学家发现了过去 90 亿年来存在的最亮、增长最快的黑洞。这个巨大的宇宙实体的质量是太阳的 30 亿倍，每秒吞噬一个地球大小的物质。
新的超大质量黑洞，被称为 J1144，大约是人马座 A* 的 500 倍，这是最近首次拍摄到的银河系中心超大质量黑洞。围绕着巨大空洞的一圈超热等离子体发出的光也比我们整个银河系多 7,000 倍。
澳大利亚天文学家利用澳大利亚国立大学 SkyMapper 南方天空调查的数据发现了这颗宇宙巨星，该调查旨在绘制南半球的整个天空。研究人员在一份声明中说，定位超大质量黑洞就像在大海捞针中找到一根“非常大的、意想不到的针”（在新标签中打开）.
堪培拉澳大利亚国立大学（ANU）的天文学家、首席研究员克里斯托弗·翁肯（Christopher Onken）在声明中说：“天文学家们已经寻找这样的天体超过 50 年了。” “他们发现了数千个较暗的，但这个令人惊讶的明亮的却被忽视了。”
这个黑洞贪婪的胃口使其他类似巨大的超大质量黑洞相形见绌。声明称，通常情况下，这些巨大的宇宙实体的增长速度会随着它们变得越来越大而放缓。这很可能是由于霍金辐射的增加——理论上认为是由于量子力学的影响而从黑洞中释放出来的热辐射。
新发现的黑洞吞噬了如此多的物质，以至于它的事件视界——包括光在内的任何东西都无法逃脱的边界——异常宽。“我们太阳系中行星的轨道都适合它的事件视界，”共同作者、澳大利亚国立大学天文学家塞缪尔赖在声明中说。
黑洞是看不见的，因为它们不发光。但是天文学家可以发现黑洞，因为它们强大的引力将物质拉向事件视界的速度如此之快，以至于物质变成了超热等离子体。这会在黑洞周围的一个环中发出光，称为吸积盘。新发现的庞然大物的吸积盘是天文学家探测到的最亮的，这要归功于它巨大的视界和吸收物质的极快速度。声明称，研究人员“相当有信心”认为这是一个永远不会被打破的记录。
研究人员说，黑洞边界是如此明亮，以至于即使是业余天文学家也能够使用足够强大的望远镜在天空的正确位置看到它。
该团队现在正试图确定为什么这个巨大的黑洞仍然如此异常地渴望物质。科学家们怀疑灾难性的宇宙事件一定是造成这个巨大虚空的原因。“也许是两个大星系相互碰撞，将大量物质汇集到黑洞上来喂养它，”Onken 说。
但是，可能很难确切地找出它是如何形成的。研究人员怀疑我们是否会再次发现另一个同样巨大且快速膨胀的黑洞，这使得很难检验关于这种贪婪宇宙物体形成的一般理论。
“这个黑洞是如此的异常，虽然你永远不应该说永远，但我不相信我们会找到另一个这样的黑洞，”共同作者、澳大利亚国立大学天文学家和 SkyMapper 小组负责人克里斯蒂安沃尔夫在声明中说。“我们基本上已经没有像这样的物体可能隐藏的天空了。”
然而，一些研究人员预测，宇宙中有多达40 个 quintillion 的黑洞，可能占宇宙中所有物质的 1% 左右，因此在某个地方可能还有一个更贪婪的黑洞。不为零。
该研究已于 6 月 8 日提交给预印本数据库
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to know if you want to better understand and use AI.
A series of instructions or recipes for manipulating data to achieve an end goal. We use programming languages such as Python or R to implement algorithms. Algorithms can include processes ranging from simple addition to extremely complex neural networks.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
AI is a solution that learns to recognize and react to patterns, emulating traditionally human tasks like understanding language, recommending business actions, and synthesizing large amounts of information. AI works best when it assists humans by learning very repetitive tasks that depend on large amounts of information.
Data should be used to derive actionable business intelligence. Our primary goal is to use data to contribute to business value. This is done through statistical analysis, data visualization/reporting, and machine learning.
An interactive data visualization or series of visualizations that allow stakeholders to explore various dimensions of data. We develop dashboards using tools such as Tableau or PowerBI with the goal of decipherability and ease of use such that the end user can independently drill into data details or explore high level summary information.
Data engineering involves planning, designing, and implementing information systems. This includes data storage as well as the pipelines that data scientists use to access and transform data.
An organization’s data can be augmented in ways that improve business insight and empower predictive analytics. We use extensive knowledge of open source data to supplement and enrich your proprietary data sources.
Data Lake vs Data Warehouse
Where you store your data is dependent on what type of data you have. A “Data Lake” is used when all you have is raw, unprocessed data that frequently has varying structures that do not have any relations between one another. A “Data Warehouse” is used to store structured or relational data from many sources, not just one.
Data Science exists at the intersection of math, statistics, computer programming, and business. Data Science is the application of these tools to provide insight and value from data.
Data can be used to provide business intelligence, but if a stakeholder cannot understand it, it is difficult to convert that intelligence into business value. Visualization and reporting bridge that gap. This is also necessary when presenting results from statistical analysis or machine learning.
Using architectures like deep neural networks to perform machine learning. If the situation calls for it, deep learning can outperform classical methods and provide state of the art performance. We find that deep learning is most useful with sequential data, image data, or learning from simulated environments.
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
A critical early stage in any data-related project, EDA involves exploring the available data and summarizing the main characteristics, often using visualizations. It can provide additional insight to the data set, and result in ideas and hypotheses to explore with more formal statistical modeling.
Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL)
In order to prepare a cleaned data set for querying and further use, ETL refers to the extraction of data from one or more sources, the transformation of data into a proper format or structure, and the loading of data into a target database.
Feature selection is used in machine learning – selecting only the relevant features from data and removing features that are redundant or irrelevant allows for simplification of models and reduces training time.
Apache Hadoop is an open-source software framework for distributed storage and processing of data. Hadoop benefits from the distribution of files across the nodes in a Hadoop cluster and the processing of data in parallel across multiple nodes. Hadoop can be deployed on local computer clusters, in the cloud (using services like Amazon’s AWS or Microsoft’s Azure), or as a combination hybrid solution.
Machine learning algorithms allow computers to learn from data in order to perform specific tasks. Most often, this is some form of prediction or optimization, although it can also be useful for general pattern mining.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Much of the world’s data comes in the form of natural language, which is often unstructured. We combine classical methods and modern deep learning to gain actionable insights and predictive analytics with text data in all forms.
Although pattern mining is useful for all forms of machine learning, it is most useful in “unsupervised” settings, when data cannot be naturally used for predictive analytics. It often provides business intelligence on its own, and can be used as a stepping stone to performing predictive analytics.
Recommender systems are used to predict a user’s preferences based on inputs such as a user’s historical preferences or the preferences of similar users. Common uses of recommender systems include suggestions generated by streaming content services like Spotify and YouTube and product recommendations generated by Amazon and many other e-commerce sites.
Supervised vs. Unsupervised Machine Learning
Supervised machine learning uses training data which includes an input and the expected output. Once trained, the model will accept a previously unseen input and predict the output based on the function developed during training. Common examples of supervised learning algorithms include decision trees, linear and logistic regression, and k-nearest neighbor. Common applications include predicting future patterns or classifying categories.
Unsupervised learning is more exploratory in nature. Output categories are not included in the training set, and a common goal is to find previously undetected patterns. A common example of an unsupervised learning algorithm is k-means and common applications are clustering for anomaly detection.
This is most often used to gather high-level knowledge of data. This high-level knowledge is used to motivate further business intelligence efforts. Statistical analysis can create actionable business intelligence on its own or in combination with a reporting solution. It is also often considered a necessary ingredient for machine learning.Frase di Dino Basili
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film siteme film eklerken özet kısmını makale gibi yazıyorum. Biraz kendi fikrimi de ekliyorum ve imdb, sinemalar ve beyazperde gibi sayfalara link veriyorum. Bu verdiğim linkleri her filmden vermemin benim açımdan bir sakıncası olur mu? Yani hep aynı linkleri vermenin bir sakıncası var mıdırRecent research is confirming that bifidobacteria probiotic supplements have the ability to significantly boost immunity and decrease allergy symptoms during allergy season.
Tagged: common cold
Research is gradually proving that chemicals are not the answer to the common cold. Not only do they cause adverse side effects, but they simply do not work. What works then? Nature provides clear answers.
Most of us assume a steam or humidifier will speed up healing of the common cold. But is it true? Or is this just a myth?
Scientists have discovered that an extract from the Larch tree – with a long history of traditional use – prevents the common cold and upper respiratory infections.
Have we found a cure for the common cold yet? Nope, but a new study shows that a patented pine bark extract comes pretty close.
Numerous studies have found that probiotic supplementation does more than just help digestion and intestinal issues. Recent research proves that probiotic supplementation reduces incidence and duration of the common cold among schoolchildren.
Research continues to find that echinacea helps prevent and reduce the duration of the common cold. This is supported by multiple studies.到达 APT Padel 教程 几个星期前克里斯蒂安·古铁雷斯 (Cristian Gutierrez) 在 43 岁时仍然是一名出色的球员，这一神奇的举动证明了这一点。
我们享受 APT 美点. 这一次是活生生的传奇人物克里斯蒂安·古铁雷斯（Cristian Gutierrez）用他的天赋对待我们对抗马克西·阿尔塞和佛朗哥·达尔·比安科。
显然不是最有运动能力的球员，阿根廷人在从他的搭档美丽的场地覆盖中受益之前，仍然设法将自己撕开以恢复缓冲。 然后是克里斯蒂安的手为我们提供了一个微妙的结论。 很简单，很棒的课！
要明白这一点，它才刚刚发生 这里 !
an是的粉丝 padel。 而且还有橄榄球！ 他的职位也很棘手。 几个体育教练 padel，他发掘非典型帖子或处理主题。 它还为您提供一些技巧，帮助您提高体质。 padel。 显然，他将进攻风格强加于 padel !A mound septic system is one of several different types of septic systems. Each septic system is designed to overcome certain environmental, soil or water problems where a conventional septic system is not preferred or does not meet local standards. A Mound system is based on the Nodak disposal system developed in North Dakota. At the time this was a revolutionary way to distribute effluent flows safely in specific situations.
A mound septic system also called a sand mound septic system and is one of the preferred alternative septic systems by a septic system expert in places with shallow soil depth, poor soil structure, high groundwater or water table, or shallow bedrock that is close to the surface. In these situations, most septic systems would not be suitable.
The drain field or leach field is contained within a constructed sand and gravel mound over suitable soil and potentially porous bedrock. Wastewater and effluent exiting the tank flows to a distribution box containing a pump chamber. From there it is pumped to the mound in specific, prescribed amounts. Within the septic mounds are a network of distribution pipes sitting in sand fill. Controlled amounts of effluent are pumped through the small pipes at low pressure. This allows the effluent to trickle down through the entire mound, including layers of sand and gravel, eventually into the soil beneath the mound where the removal of pathogens and harmful viruses is completed. A major difference from a conventional system is the drain field is not gravity fed, it relies on a pump. If the pump fails, the septic tank can back up fast.
With any septic system, there are pros and cons or advantages and disadvantages. That is why alternative systems have been created for when a gravity-fed traditional system does not work on your site. Below are some of the pros and cons of this specific system.
Protects groundwater - a high water table is protected with the use of mound septic over traditional septic systems
Lower installation costs - compared to conventional septic systems, the installation cost is lower as the installation happens above ground for the leach field.
Soil absorption - your septic system design is not limited by your soil type such as lighter soils or heavy soils. The mound septic system will prevent wastewater effluent from reaching groundwater or running off in heavier soils.
Space needed - Although mound systems can be a good solution in many situations, they require a large amount of space and it is a requirement in most states to have a dedicated mound site and replacement area in case the onsite wastewater treatment site fails. The septic system also needs a flat or low gradient yard so that surface pooling and runoff do not happen during high usage.
Unsightly - As the name infers leaves a large mound on top of the natural soil surface, above the ground in your yard. If you have a large backyard then this will not be a problem, but it can be an eye saw for many homeowners compared to a traditional septic system.
Repairs & maintenance - Costly repairs come with this wastewater treatment method. The mound system is more complex than a below ground, traditional septic system.
Not gravity fed - Because a mound septic system relies on a pump and pressure distribution between the septic tank and the leach field, if the pump malfunctions there is no gravity to move effluent from the setpic tank and this can mean the septic tank backs up quickly. This will often result in the septic tank alarm going off and costly repairs and the need to have your septic tank pumped.
A common question is how much does a mound septic system cost. Pricing can range depending on many different factors. Access to your property will determine what size of heavy equipment can fit down the side of your building if you are replacing your septic. In most cases sand, gravel and soil will need to be trucked in. If your property is rural then this may be many miles from a quarry or supplier. To get a free quote on new septic or to replace an existing call the nationwide install and replacement professionals click here to get a free quote.
The pictures of a mound septic system is sourced from the EPA and is not to scale. If you're looking to maintain your septic system read more about septic system treatments.Interrogazione interpartitica sollecita nuovamente il Municipio, che aveva ventilato la possibilità di avviare uno studio
Occorrono i dati sulla violenza domestica e sulle discriminazioni. Raoul Ghisletta, Ps, primo firmatario, coadiuvato da consiglieri comunali di altri partiti, sollecita in un'interrogazione le cifre sull'urgente tematica, dopo che il Municipio, nella risposta a una precedente interrogazione, aveva ventilato la possibilità di avviare uno studio specifico. "Chiediamo quindi al Municipio di "fornire i dati annuali relativi alla violenza domestica a Lugano per il periodo 2018-2020, distinguendo tra minori e maggiorenni, suddividendoli per casistiche, indicando quanti sono stati gli allontanamenti e indicando quante sono state le denunce. L'interrogazione chiede inoltre di "presentare i dati annuali relativi a discriminazioni razziali e religiose a Lugano per il periodo 2018-2020". Uno studio - si evidenzia nell'interrogazione - "potrebbe essere certamente interessante per aiutare a dare risposte puntuali in grado di limitare questi atti estremamente tristi e gravi che avvengono a Lugano.www.nellaparola.it
Commento alla Liturgia
Mercoledì della VIII settimana di Tempo Ordinario
Prima lettura
Sir 36,1-2.5-6.13-19
1Abbi pietà di noi, Signore, Dio dell'universo, e guarda*, 2infondi il tuo timore su tutte le nazioni*. 5Ti riconoscano, come anche noi abbiamo riconosciuto che non c'è Dio al di fuori di te, o Signore. 6Rinnova i segni e ripeti i prodigi, 13Raduna tutte le tribù di Giacobbe, rendi loro l'eredità come era al principio. 14Abbi pietà, Signore, del popolo chiamato con il tuo nome, d'Israele che hai reso simile a un primogenito. 15Abbi pietà della tua città santa, di Gerusalemme, luogo del tuo riposo. 16Riempi Sion della celebrazione delle tue imprese e il tuo popolo della tua gloria. 17Rendi testimonianza alle creature che sono tue fin dal principio, risveglia le profezie fatte nel tuo nome. 18Ricompensa coloro che perseverano in te, i tuoi profeti siano trovati degni di fede. Ascolta, Signore, la preghiera dei tuoi servi, 19[secondo la benedizione di Aronne sul tuo popolo,] e riconoscano tutti quelli che abitano sulla terra che tu sei il Signore, il Dio dei secoli.
Vangelo
Mc 10,32-45
32Mentre erano sulla strada per salire a Gerusalemme, Gesù camminava davanti a loro ed essi erano sgomenti; coloro che lo seguivano erano impauriti. Presi di nuovo in disparte i Dodici, si mise a dire loro quello che stava per accadergli: 33"Ecco, noi saliamo a Gerusalemme e il Figlio dell'uomo sarà consegnato ai capi dei sacerdoti e agli scribi; lo condanneranno a morte e lo consegneranno ai pagani, 34lo derideranno, gli sputeranno addosso, lo flagelleranno e lo uccideranno, e dopo tre giorni risorgerà". 35Gli si avvicinarono Giacomo e Giovanni, i figli di Zebedeo, dicendogli: "Maestro, vogliamo che tu faccia per noi quello che ti chiederemo". 36Egli disse loro: "Che cosa volete che io faccia per voi?". 37Gli risposero: "Concedici di sedere, nella tua gloria, uno alla tua destra e uno alla tua sinistra". 38Gesù disse loro: "Voi non sapete quello che chiedete. Potete bere il calice che io bevo, o essere battezzati nel battesimo in cui io sono battezzato?". 39Gli risposero: "Lo possiamo". E Gesù disse loro: "Il calice che io bevo anche voi lo berrete, e nel battesimo in cui io sono battezzato anche voi sarete battezzati. 40Ma sedere alla mia destra o alla mia sinistra non sta a me concederlo; è per coloro per i quali è stato preparato". 41Gli altri dieci, avendo sentito, cominciarono a indignarsi con Giacomo e Giovanni. 42Allora Gesù li chiamò a sé e disse loro: "Voi sapete che coloro i quali sono considerati i governanti delle nazioni dominano su di esse e i loro capi le opprimono. 43Tra voi però non è così; ma chi vuole diventare grande tra voi sarà vostro servitore, 44e chi vuole essere il primo tra voi sarà schiavo di tutti. 45Anche il Figlio dell'uomo infatti non è venuto per farsi servire, ma per servire e dare la propria vita in riscatto per molti".
Note
Per
La reazione di Giacomo e di Giovanni è del tutto comprensibile anche se per nulla accettabile. Davanti alla chiarezza con cui il Signore Gesù prospetta il suo cammino pasquale e percorre alacremente la «strada per salire a Gerusalemme» (Mc 10,32), i discepoli si difendono, quasi automaticamente, con una richiesta che, ben più di un capriccio, è un vero è proprio tentativo di salvataggio:
«Maestro, vogliamo che tu faccia per noi quello che ti chiederemo» (Mc 10,35).
Mentre il Signore Gesù sale a Gerusalemme per compiervi la sua discesa pasquale, due dei suoi discepoli intuiscono nitidamente che non sono in grado di seguirlo per quella strada di abbassamento che, forse, non era assolutamente all’orizzonte del loro mettersi alla sequela del rabbi di Nazaret. I discepoli come noi soccombono alla tentazione di sottrarsi alle esigenze della Pasqua e lo fanno chiedendo al Signore di fare qualcosa «per noi», proprio quando il Signore sta chiedendo loro di fare della loro vita un dono per gli altri.
Eppure il Signore Gesù non si scandalizza, ma aiuta questi suoi discepoli a liberare la parola perché finalmente possano guardare in faccia il loro desiderio e, solo così, possano essere finalmente in grado di
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production of this hormone can be measured after an operation to determine if the cancer is still present, and if it is growing. This cancer has a much lower cure rate than does the "well differentiated" thyroid cancers (papillary and follicular), but cure rates are higher than they are for anaplastic thyroid cancer.
Click the link below for the most updated guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid cancer:
On April 6, 2011, the FDA approved the first chemo drug for the treatment of Medullary Thyroid Cancer. See the links below for more information:
On November 29, 2012, the FDA approved the second chemo drug for the treatment of Medullary Thryoid Cancer. See the link below for more information:
On November 22, 2013, the FDA approved the drug Nexavar (Sorafenib) to treat metastatic differentiated Thyroid Cancer where radioactive iodine treatment is no longer effective.
For information about current clinical research trials for thyroid cancer and other diseases, go to the following U.S. Government website: www.clinicaltrials.gov. This is the website for the U.S. Government's Clinical Trials Database. This database provides information about clinical research trials for thyroid cancer and other diseases. This list describes clinical trials that are recruiting new participants.
Searching for Clinical Trials Through NCI Cancer Centers' Web Sites
In addition to the web sites listed above, the Web sites maintained by NCI-designated Cancer Centers are supplementary resources for locating clinical trials. Here is the web site with further information and links to the NCI-designated Cancer Centers: http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/search.
Thyroid Clinical Trials Site
www.ThyroidTrials.org is the American Thyroid Association's (ATA) compendium of clinical trials for thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer. The ATA Trial finder is a one-stop site to search multiple information sources, including public and private information sources and trials screened by experts from the American Thyroid Association.- Colore, illuminazione e tende ideali per la camera doppia
- Feng Shui: oggetti di buon auspicio nella stanza delle coppie
- Gadget elettronici da camera doppia
- L'organizzazione è fondamentale
Il Feng Shui è un'antica tecnica cinese che bilancia l'energia degli ambienti, compresa la camera da letto della coppia. L'effetto di questo? Una dinamica migliore nella relazione tra amanti e partner. Vedere i seguenti suggerimenti.
Colore, illuminazione e tende ideali per la camera doppia
Secondo Feng Shui, la tavolozza dei colori migliore per la stanza della coppia è fatta di più toni neutri. Questo aiuta ad alleviare la fatica promuovendo una maggiore armonia tra pari.
Se, d'altra parte, le cose sono molto noiose, aggiungi un elemento di colori più appassionati come la rosa, il rosso o il vino. Un cuscino, una stampa o una sedia possono essere sufficienti.
Anche l'illuminazione dovrebbe essere chiara e usare lampadine gialle e calde. Idealmente, la maggior parte della luminosità della stanza di notte è con punti di luce, come paralumi e rondelle.
Durante il giorno, sfrutta al meglio la luce naturale; tuttavia, se senti che il sole disturba la tranquillità della stanza, specialmente se ti concentri direttamente sul letto, usa dei buoni blackout.
Le tende, d'altra parte, dovrebbero essere leggere. Evita i ciechi perché sono più istituzionali e suggeriscono il distanziamento.
Feng Shui: oggetti di buon auspicio nella stanza delle coppie
L'idea centrale di una camera doppia è che i mobili e gli oggetti sono sempre in coppia. I maschi muti, per esempio, devono essere dello stesso modello. La simmetria è la chiave.
Due brocche di fiori, due lampade, due, quattro o sei cuscini... Tutto ciò eviterà la disuguaglianza nella partnership.
Una cornice impareggiabile può essere "corretta" con una bella foto della coppia insieme. D'altra parte, non appendere quadri raffiguranti una singola persona, sia maschio che femmina. La tradizione dice che questo può portare una terza persona nella relazione.
Questi oggetti doppi sono particolarmente potenti nell'angolo all'estrema destra di fronte alla porta della camera da letto. C'è l'area delle relazioni all'interno della stanza.
Allo stesso modo, è lì che bisogna essere più attenti agli aspetti che possono portare brutti scherzi alla coppia.
I letti non dovrebbero scricchiolare perché ispirano insicurezza e rumore. Se stai stabilendo una convivenza permanente, come la convivenza, il matrimonio stabile o il matrimonio, considera l'acquisto di un nuovo materasso.
A meno che il tuo appartamento non sia nuovo e tu sia il primo cittadino, sostituisci gli specchi incassati nelle pareti e nelle porte degli armadi con gli altri. Loro "custodiscono" le energie degli antichi abitanti, lasciando la stanza molto "piena".
Per inciso, limitare la frequenza delle visite nella stanza della coppia. Più riservato, meglio è.
un specchio di appendere, tuttavia, può essere utile per contrastare l'entrata molto accelerata di energie provenienti dall'esterno. Idealmente, dovrebbe essere sul muro di fronte alla porta.
Al contrario, lo specchio non dovrebbe puntare al letto.
Gadget elettronici da camera doppia
Il mondo perfetto è che non ci sono apparecchiature elettroniche nella stanza della coppia. Minore interferenza elettromagnetica, meglio è.
Ma a molte coppie piace guardare la TV a letto. Il più raccomandato, in questo caso, è scegliere solo film e programmi di illuminazione. Niente drammi, niente guerre, niente terrore o tragedie.
Lascia lo stereo nella stanza. Se vuoi della musica, usa il cellulare.
L'organizzazione è fondamentale
Sbarazzarsi di oggetti rotti: simboleggiano la decadenza o l'impossibilità di rivitalizzare una relazione che sta vivendo delle difficoltà. L'energia non scorre in modo sano.
Non riporre oggetti sotto il letto o il materasso. Questo è particolarmente serio per quanto riguarda le calzature.
Idealmente non rimangono nella stanza; tuttavia, se ciò è impossibile, allontanali dal letto e posiziona una tormalina nera di 5 centimetri per contrastare le vibrazioni di strada a bassa frequenza che arrivano nelle piante dei piedi.
In caso di una suite, tenere sempre chiusa la porta del bagno. La stanza deve sempre essere separata dal luogo di pulizia del corpo. Il letto dovrebbe essere il più lontano possibile dal bagno.This installment we will cover what connects the controller to the computer.
Disk controllers use a system bus to talk to your CPU and memory. It also determines the maximum speed your disk can talk to the computer. There may be as many as six different system busses in your computer. We are only interested in the ones that directly connect your disk controllers.
The oldest bus still in general use is PCI. You can still find them in your desktop and in servers though it is really on the way out. We are only covering PCI 2.0 32 bits wide running at 33 MHz. This allows for a theoretical top speed of 133.33 MB/Sec. In reality after overhead and other limitations you end up around 86 MB/Sec throughput. A single modern disk can achieve this speed. You generally don’t see PCI disk controllers with more than 4 ports. Adding more disk controllers to a system may not yield a direct increase in performance. Even if you have multiple PCI slots, they may only actually run through a single PCI bus. Limiting your bandwidth to the system to 133.33 MB/Sec.
IBM, HP, and Compaq came together to standardize a faster bus for servers, specifically for disk controllers and network interface cards. PCI-X build on the PCI standard and was backwards compatible. It extended the PCI bus to 64 bits wide and a speed of 66 MHz in its initial launch. We go from 133.33 MB/Sec to 533.3 MB/Sec, a 4x improvement. The next generation brought us two more implementations, PCI-X 64 bit/100 MHz and PCI-X 64 bit/133 MHz at 800 MB/Sec and 1067 MHz respectively. This was a major step up but had several flaws. The physical size of the connector was huge. It also carried over the shortcomings of PCI. Signal noise across slots, errors could be caused by having several cards next to each other. Communication was half-duplex bidirectional, It couldn’t send and receive data at the same time. You are only as fast as the slowest card on the bus, If you had a 66 MHz card your 133 MHz card was reduced to match.
We have moved on to a completely new standard, PCI Express (PCIe). Some people confuse PCI-X with PCIe, but they are completely different. The new PCIe standard was introduced in 2004 and was quickly adopted in main stream computers for video cards, but it is a general system bus. There are several key differences between PCIe and the buses that came before it. It is a fully serial and bidirectional bus, you can have multiple cards at multiple speeds reading and writing data at the same time. It also introduced the concept of lanes. PCIe card will use between 1 to 16 lanes. Each lane in the 1.0 specification was rated at 250 MB/sec. The 2.0 specification introduced in 2007 doubled that to 500 MB/Sec. In 2011 the 3.0 Specification will double that again to 1 GB/Sec. PCIe is also rated by how many transfers a second it can handle. Measuring transfers in Gigatransfers or Megatransfers has been around for a while, though not commonly used. See Gigatransfers at Wikipedia for a better explanation. One thing to be aware of the 1.0 and 2.0 standard loose speed due to the way data is encoded on the bus. Like the PCI bus, the 250 MB/Sec is a maximum you won’t see in the real world. You will loose about 20%. The 3.0 specification reduces that to around 1.5%. The most common sizing of PCIe slots is 1x, 4x, 8x, and 16x. It is also downwards compatible so a 1x, 4x, and 8x card will all work in a 16x slot. Just because a card is physically a 16x it may be a 8x or slower internally. That applies for the slot as well, it may be a 16x slot but only operate at 8x speeds.
PCI Express slots (from top to bottom: x4, x16, x1 and x16), compared to a traditional 32-bit PCI slot (bottom).
So, what does all this mean? If you have an older server, don’t use the PCI slots. Be careful with the PCI-X cards and placement. If you have PCIe you need to know if it is a 1.0 or 2.0 capable and what speed the physical connectors actually operate at.زمین رنگی در تاریکی شب ( Earth at night in color ): مستند سریالی به کارگردانی تام هیدلستون محصول کشور آمریکا در سال 2020 ساخته شده است. در قسمت سوم: یک جگوار می جنگد تا از رودخانه خود در برزیل محافظت کند زیرا شب چالش ها و فرصت هایی را برای شکار به همراه می آورد.
برای نمایش ویدئو کد زیر را در صفحه خود قرار دهیدKünde Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler
Güreş Terimi Olarak Künde:
Alta aldığı rakibinin bir eli önünden birini de arkasından geçirip kilitleyerek tuş yapmayı amaçlayan oyun.
Benzer Güreş Terimleri:
Çırpma: Yerdeki rakibi belinden kollar ile sıkıca tutup köprü ile çevirme oyunu.
Temas: Hakem yer güreşinde, güreşçiden her iki elini alttaki rakibini sırtına koymasını ister güreşçiler ayakta iken vücut temas halinde olmalıdır. (Contact)
Up: Güreşin ayakta devam edeceğini bildiren hakem komutu.
Dirsek Kırma: Rakibin dirseğini ters yönde zorlama.
Tartma: Rakibini kucağa alıp ayağını yerden kesme.
Oyun Bozma: Rakibin taktik ve oyunlarını kuvvet ve beceri ile boşa çıkarma.
Makaban: Aba güreşlerinde güreşçinin ısınması.
Oyun Bağlama: Bir oyunu uygulayıp sonucuna vardırmadan bekletme durumu.Bulutistan Monitoring’in Avantajlarına Yakından Bakın
Küçük sorunları büyümeden önce çözebilmeniz için ortaya çıkan sorunları belirlemenize yardımcı olur.
Son kullanıcı deneyimini izlemek, size müşteri memnuniyeti hakkında önemli bilgiler verir ve doğrudan gelir artışı sağlar.
Uyumluluk, güvenlik ve yazılım güncellemeleri ile işletmelerin daha üretken olmasını sağlar ve hata olasılığını önemli ölçüde azaltır.
Maliyetlerin kontrol altında olmasını sağlarken tüketilen kaynakların etkin bir şekilde ölçülmesine yardımcı olur.Ask the Wizard #120
Suppose you have two five-card poker hands dealt from separate decks. You are told hand A contains at least one ace. You are told hand B contains the ace of spades. Which hand is more likely to contain at least one more ace?
The following table shows the probability of 0 to 4 aces in a totally random hand.
Ace Probabilities — Random Hand
Take the sum for 1 to 4 aces we see the probability of at least one ace is 0.341158. The probability of two or more aces is 0.041684.
The probability of there being at least one more ace, given there is at least one, can be restated per Bayes' theorem as probability(two more aces given at least one ace) = probability (two or more aces)/probability(at least one ace) = 0.041684/ 0.341158 = 0.122185.
For those rusty on Bayes' Theorem, it states that the probability of A given B equals the probability of A and B divided by the probability of B, or Pr(A given B) = Pr(A and B)/Pr(B).
The next table shows the combinations and probability for each number of other aces given that the ace of spades was removed from the deck.
Ace Probabilities — Ace Removed Hand
This shows the probability of at least one more ace is 0.221369.
For fun, let's solve it the same question using Bayes' Theorem. Assume that random hands are dealt until one is found containing the ace of spades. The probability of at least one additional ace, given the hand contains the ace of spades, could be rewritten as probability(at least two aces given ace of spades is in hand). According to Bayes' theorem, this equals Probability(hand contains ace of spades and at least one more ace) / Pr(hand contains ace of spades). We can break up the numerator as Probability(2 aces including ace of spades) + Probability(3 aces including ace of spades) + Probability(4 aces). Using the first table this equals 0.039930×(2/4) + 0.001736×(3/4) + 0.000018 = 0.021285. The probability of the ace of spades is 5/52 = 0.096154. So the probability of at least two aces given the aces of spades is 0.021285/0.096154 = 0.221369.
So the probability of two or more aces given at least one ace is 12.22% and given the ace of spades is 22.14%.
Okay, I believe your numbers but it still doesn’t make sense to me. I should think the probabilities would be equal. What difference does the suit make of the one ace you are given?
Let’s look at another simpler situation. Suppose woman A says "I have two kids and at least one is a boy." Woman B says "I have two kids and the older one is named John." We can assume nobody named John is a girl and no woman gives the same name to more than one kid. Using conditional probability the probability of both kids being a boy of woman A is pr(both boys)/pr(at least one boy) = pr(both boys)/(1-pr(both girls)) = (1/4)/(1-(1/4)) = (1/4)/(3/4) = 1/3. However the probability woman B’s younger kid is a boy, or both kids are boys, is ?, because saying the older child is named John tells us nothing about the younger child.
To make another example suppose you go to Jiffy Lube and they offer two deals for the same price. Deal A is they will check four parts and replace only the first defective one found. Deal B is they will check only one problem and fix it if found. Wouldn’t you rather take deal A? Your car came in with the same number of expected bad parts but the probability of finding a problem is greater under deal A, and thus you will leave with a small number of expected defective parts under that plan. Likewise a test for any ace will probably turn up the only ace, while a test for the ace of spades does not check for the other three suits, leaving them more likely to be aces.
What is the safest way for the house to deal double deck blackjack? Face up or hand held?
Face down. Not being allowed to see other player cards until the end of the hand gives the player less information, which works against card counters.
How is the spread determined on any given table game? Example, a $5 minimum Blackjack table may have table maximum of $200 why?
The casinos like to corral their bettors according to how much they bet. One reason for this is the higher limit tables have fewer players so the big bettors get in more hands per hour. Another reason is that it is said players like to be around other players of similar bet size. If a player wanted to bet $1000 at a $5 table it might make other $5 players at that table feel nervous or uncomfortable. A third reason is it is a preventative measure against cheating.
I know there isn’t an exact answer
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ideas formed the foundation of liberal democracy and greatly influenced both the American and French revolutions.
80 Macaulay, supra note 2, at 585.
82 Gardiner, supra note 27, at 638
83 Gardiner, supra note 27, at 638; Macaulay, supra note 2, at 586.
84 Gardiner, supra note 27, at 638; Macaulay, supra note 2, at 586.
85 Parry, supra note 11, at 251.
87 Mackintosh, supra note 1, at 283.
88 Parry, supra note 11, at 254.
90 Mackintosh, supra note 1, at 281.
92 Muddiman, supra note 31, at 25.
93 Id. at 33.
94 Wilkes, supra note 15, at 2.
95 A former officer in the English Court of Common Pleas; -- so called because he filed the writs on which he made out process.
96 Parry, supra note 11, at 259.
98 Macaulay, supra note 2, at 591.
99 Id. at 591-92.
100 Id. at 592.
<101 Mackintosh, supra note 1, at 281.
102 Montgomery, supra note 2 at 287.
103 Mackintosh, supra note 1, at 283.
107 Mackintosh, supra note 1, at 283; Parry, supra note 11, at 260.
108 Mackintosh, supra note 1, at 284; Parry, supra note 11, at 260.
109 Macaulay, supra note 2, at 600.
112 Montgomery, supra note 2, at 287.
114 Macaulay, supra note 2, at 587.
115 Parry, supra note 11, at 243.Ukrayna Parlamentosu tarafından saldırgan ve işgalci ülke olarak tanınan Rusya’dan gelen gözlemcilerin; Ukrayna’daki seçimleri takip etmesi yasaklandı. Ukrayna Parlamentosu, ülkede yapılan seçimlere Rusya’dan gelen gözlemcilerin katılmasını engellemeyi öngören yasa tasarısını kabul etti. İlgili yasa tasarısı için 232 milletvekili “evet” oyu kullandı. Söz konusu yasa çerçevesinde, Ukrayna Parlamentosu tarafından saldırgan veya işgalci olarak kabul edilen ülke vatandaşlarının, Ukrayna’da yapılan seçimlerde resmi gözlemci olarak görev yapamayacağı belirtiliyor. Daha önce, Ukrayna Dışişleri Bakanı Pavlo Klimkin, ülkede yapılan Cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimleri için işgalci ülke Rusya’dan gözlemci kabul edilmeyeceğini bildirmişti.In India – a country with rich and diverse cultural heritage, the need for openness and understanding amongst people and healthy response and respect for different traditions becomes imperative. Over the years the economic and technological progress in the country has resulted in a paradigm shift of preferences in favor of sophisticated and high tech modes of entertainment. The technological onslaught has seen to the decay and demise of many of our traditional and rural art forms. In this background, it became imperative to set up a mechanism for the preservation and promotion of our inherited values and rich cultural heritage. To serve this noble purpose the Zonal Culture Centers were formed by the Govt. of India.
The establishment of Zonal Cultural Centre was announced by the Prime Minister of India for the northern region during his visit to Hussainiwala, Punjab on 23rd March 1985. The concept was enlarged with the setting up of seven Zonal Cultural Centers in the 7th Five Year Plan. These centers have been set up cutting across the territorial and linguistic boundaries and reflect and project not only the uniqueness of forms and culture of the participating states but also their linkages with each other as part of a composite Indian culture.
These Zonal Cultural Centers were located away from the state capitals (except Eastern Zone Culture Centre in Kolkata), the criterion for selection is the traditional cultural moorings of the place and its accessibility to the people. Institutionally each center has a complex which includes galleries for exhibitions, facilities for performing arts, auditorium, archives, and library etc.
The Zonal Cultural Centers have been set up with the prime objective of creative development of Indian culture in the different regions and for building up a sense of cultural cohesiveness in the country. The ZCCs work for national unity through cultural integration. They seek to inspire, foster and promote fine arts, dance, drama, music, theatre, crafts and related forms of creative expression. The mandate of the centers requires it to take culture, hitherto, the preserve of the elite and affluent, to the doorsteps of the common man. The ZCCs also work towards promotion of art forms by improving opportunities for the artists for performance and also by documenting their art forms. The special feature of the Zonal Cultural Centers is the emphasis on people’s participation which is ensured through adequate representation to exponents of various art forms, promotion of rural art forms, stress on folk art and tribal art and through the organization of traditional village fares and festivals.
The Zonal Cultural Centers has been set up as registered autonomous bodies under the Societies Registration Act. They are governed by a governing body which is headed by the Governor of the state in which the Zonal Cultural Centre has its headquarter. The governing body consists of the nominees of Government of India not below the rank of Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Culture, a nominee of the participating state Governments and eminent personalities in various art disciplines. Besides the Governing Body, the ZCCs also have Finance Committee and Program committees to oversee and decide upon the program content for the year and the expenditure pattern. The day to day affairs of the centers is seen by the Director of the Centre.Qasaba （或 Kasbah，Gasaba，Quasabeh） 一詞來自阿拉伯文 ，意味著 党中心城市或城堡的 。在方言中的宰赫拉尼和為本條的施行，"Qasaba"指的是一個單一的石頭塔或塔可以發現在沙烏地阿拉伯和葉門更加頻繁地在阿西爾和巴哈省。
關於
湖南大學軟件學院 Qasaba (複數形式是: Qasabi 或 大連理工大
學軟件學院Qasabe 在阿拉伯文;))"Kasabalar"在土耳其;在英語中的"Qasabas") 是多種多樣的而她往往孤立的塔或小木屋。在伊比利亞半島，阿拉伯文單詞 Kasbah 經常在幾個建築物在地牢裡，城堡或在牆後面的幾種結構形式是指摩洛哥。西班牙字 阿爾卡薩瓦 是相對的阿拉伯文單詞。在葡萄湖南大學軟件學院牙文中它派生的 Alcova 一詞。在土耳其和烏爾都語詞卡薩巴指一項規定，較大比一
個村莊，但小於一個城市。總軟件學院為什麼分數低之，一座城市。西瑞爾文拼寫是 。
大英百科全書的定義:"老 Qasaba （"塔"） 的省發現擔任瞭望或閣樓。
另一本書描述這些輪，如下所示:"顯然清楚 Asir 建築是塔 Qasaba。爭論圍繞它的功能-有些人認為，建作為的觀點和別人，維護，或甚至糧倉。也許是一隻手錶塔，山，邪惡的地方結合，即使在一個地牢的正確位置"或"小麥糧倉是。
考古學家發現了
類似的塔圖像在廢墟中的 Qaryat al-Fw，搓 al-哈利，四分之一的沙烏地阿拉伯，西元前 3 世紀之間的空虛。在西元 4
南京大學軟件學院
世紀或我們的時間點。"增加了兩個故事，幾乎兩個米 （6 英尺） 厚石牆和提供服務，如供水和二樓廁所支援的房子"。醒目的矮牆在視窗中顯示數位的住宅塔︰ 設計是類似于在葉門和沙烏地阿拉伯向南相似的住房。"大部分的 Q
asabas，有一個圓形的計畫，雖然幾個平方米"。有時候
同濟大學軟件學院有一堆石頭石英直接在 windows 下或設計的 Windows 幹河 Ain 團長所保存完好的例子。類似于北方基地大天津軟件學院官網通瑪律泰洛塔為石結構的遺體是在泥土路的右邊。它似乎是一個有趣的故事，從農場的阿西爾和也許，與 Qasaba 密切相關。它現在是一片廢墟，但
曾經是公寓和防守是固體。"傳統的村莊在沙烏地阿拉伯阿爾巴哈帳戶說明:"即使是村裡的路通是令人印象軟件項目管理系統
深刻，和幾個歷史的石頭和石板塔沿路徑."巴哈省被稱為該地區 1001年塔，一旦建成，保護種植園、 道路和敵軟件學院學什麼對部落的村莊。今天，這些塔被遺棄，而且很多都是部分或完全在廢墟和灰燼。"(^ * ^) Mouflaines
tyle=''>中國科學技術大學研... 是法國的一個市鎮，位於中國科學技術大學研...部在諾曼第，皮卡迪。
隨後的一切︰ 英語，英語文章的第一不定代詞詞語所有 湖南大學軟件學院（複雜性軟件學院為什麼分數低），這類理論的可計算性和複雜性的所有問題決定所有，簡稱 allyle 所有，在謂詞中的全稱量化概念所有，
洗滌劑，所有產品，化名吉姆伯傑 （歌手） 製造的太陽，密封概念格案件 （簡稱所有） 神
天津軟件學院官網
所有
軟件學院學什麼
所有的阿爾巴尼亞瀝源幣種代碼的 ISO 4217 是 ISO 代碼 639-3 為阿拉爾墾區 language
更多關於麗南京大學軟件學院莎︰ 麗莎 （名天津軟件學院官網稱），女性的給定名稱 (^ *
^) 1638 (MDC
南京大學軟件學院XXXVIII) 時代 (EC) 1638th 年是共同開始在年西曆和常見年從星期一大連理工大學軟件學院 （周日的字母 G） 週五 （字母 C 的星期天） 上的儒略曆和紀元 (AD) 指定638 年的 2 千，在 17 世紀第南京大學軟件學院
38 年南京大學軟件學院和 9 年 1630 年的十年。因為 1638年初是 10 天前西曆軟件學院為什麼分數低儒略曆依然是在使用直到 1918 年當地語系化。
以下國家︰ 民族或國家的國湖南大學軟件學院籍-是一個國家一個民族，不管該人是否具有充分的國家公民 （分佈），一種產品或出版物，例如軟件學校哪個好分佈在整個的人，一個社區的非法人國家貿易 （原件） 弗吉尼亞州，城市人口調中國科學技術大
學研...查選定的同濟大學軟件學院地方國家鬼，猶他州，國家雜誌國家地點，馬里蘭州，國家以國家苯的電子產品品牌 （或簡單地同濟大學軟件學院稱為國家）-松下、 老加油站鏈在聯合王國已合併與 BP 的國家汽車租賃，美國的汽車公司、 已故美國食品 branchists 國家儀器公司、 一家公司的國家超市成立吉他弦第一諧振器
軟件學校哪個好吉他同濟大學軟件學院生產他們的繼任者公司︰ 國家 dobro 公司國家軟件學校哪個好 Reso 有聲吉他在文書字串、 井底軌跡圖和設計餅乾促進民族體育社會國家冠軍由軟件學校哪個好絃樂器 （也稱為國家），競爭的足球聯賽法國 SK Nationalkameratene，直到挪軟件學院為什麼分數低威體育俱樂部，挪威的體育俱樂軟件學院為
什麼分數低部，在英格蘭、 威爾士和北中國科學技術大學研...主 America
國家的威爾士節日的美國國民 （Cymanfa 膝） 國家方面大師和大師可以參考︰Cyberbullying ‘neither an epidemic nor a rarity’: Researchers
This has been stated before but not seen (or reported) enough: Cyberbullying is not an epidemic, even though news reports about it seem to have reached epidemic proportions. The last six surveys of “random samples” of students nationwide by two of the US’s top researchers on the subject – Profs. Justin Patchin and Sameer Hinduja of the Cyberbullying Research Center – found that 18.8-29.2% (“average 23.9%”) of students had been cyberbullied, Dr. Patchin reported in their blog.
“Our friends at the Crimes Against Children Research Center [CCRC] at the University of New Hampshire have collected data from students across the U.S. in 2000, 2005, and 2010 and saw a modest but steady increase in cyberbullying between 2000 and 2010 (from 6% to 11%),” but the CCRC do point out that social media emerged and their use among teens grew during that same period as well.
View of bullying research pioneer
Patchin also pointed out that “Prof. Dan Olweus, who has done more to advance the scholarship of school bullying than anyone else in the world” argues that cyberbullying is “basically a low-frequent phenomenon” and argues that there hasn’t been a marked increase in cyberbullying in the past 5-6 years.
“So where does this leave us?” Patchin asks? “Professor Olweus is right that cyberbullying isn’t some new phenomenon that is completely distinct from the bullying that has been perpetrated by and toward teens for generations. But it is occurring at levels that demand our attention and initial evidence suggests that it is increasing. We know that most cyberbullying is connected to offline relationships and that most teens who cyberbully also bully at school.”
Here’s the parenting piece
Something else we now know from researchers in Australia: The ethics that guide our children (and all of us) in everyday life are the same online and on any digital device. The authors of the new study “Enhancing Parents’ Knowledge and Practice of Online Safety” from the Young & Well Cooperative Research Centre write that, “rather than sliding into a moral vacuum when they go online, young people draw upon the same moral framework that shapes their offline engagements. This underlines the importance of parents continuing to have open and ongoing conversations with young people about their online activities that reiterate their family’s values” (see this [I’ve just found that links to the study from both Google and my post are broken; I’m waiting to hear if they’ll be fixed]).
- More on our children’s internal guidance systemat the bottom of this article about teen tech use’s growing mobility)
- About a lit review from Harvard’s Berkman Center: “What is bullying & what can be done about it”
- “Bullying & peer victimization: Clearer terms, better communication”
This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.Philips’in bu yıl üçüncüsünü hazırladığı Küresel Güzellik Endeksi Raporuna göre, Türkiye'deki kadınların %91'i güzel olduğuna inanıyor. devamını oku
içmeye beklerim.
Bu sitede sağlanan bilgileri yararlı bulabilseniz de, lütfen bunun herhangi bir şekilde bir doktorun veya tıp uzmanının tavsiyesinin yerini almayı amaçlamadığını bilin. Sağlığınızla veya spesifik semptomlardan endişe ediyorsanız, lütfen bir doktora danışın. Sitemiz hakkında başka sorularınız varsa, daha fazla bilgi için bize yazın.John e Michael sono due fratelli chirurghi che lavorano insieme nella clinica Marchal diretta da David, il loro padre. Quando Michael sposa Priscilla, una bionda infermiera di cui suo fratello è follemente innamorato, il romantico John, deluso ed amareggiato, si trasferisce in Canada. Ma quando Michael lascia Priscilla per Samantha, un'altra sensuale infermiera, John è costretto a tornare in Francia dove scopre che, in seguito ad un infarto del loro padre, Michael ha trasformato la clinica in un centro di chirurgia estetica sull'orlo del baratro.Antalya Taksiciler Birliği Derneği'nin başkanlığını yürüten Niyazi Özçelik, Antalya Şoförler ve Otomobilciler Odası'na adaylığını açıkladı. Özçelik Antalya Gazeteciler Cemiyeti lokalinde yaptığı toplantıda, "Şoför esnafının sorunlarını yakından bilen ve takip eden birisi olarak Antalya'daki taksici esnafımızın şuan hak ettiği yerde olmadığını gözlemledim. Ekip ruhu ile sorunlara çözüm bulmak için bu yola çıktım" diye konuştu.We are all familiar with the traditional “ funnel” model of technology transfer. On paper, this model looksdeceptively simple. The funnel starts with identifying as many inventions and technologies as possible, securing them means of patenting and then licensing them out to existing companies, or even better, new spin-off companies.
This simplistic technology push model still forms the basis of many regional development and innovation programmes throughout Europe. Many regional policy makers consider inventions, patents and especially spin-offs the essential contributions of universities in any regional economic development program.Halsey Diz Boyu Çizme Pantolon olarak giydi
Işıltılı ve şık!
Lauren Rearick tarafından27 Aralık 2019
- heyecan
- heyecan
Tatil mevsimi geleneksel olarak majör ışıltı ve Halsey en son kıyafeti ile teslim daha. Her zaman şık olan şöhret tatil seyahatlerinden bir gram paylaştı ve uçak kıyafetleri için biraz renk, bazı payetler ve pantolon olarak pantolon seçti.
Bir uçağın sınırlarında olmasına rağmen, Halsey işleri rahat tuttu ve kırmızı ve beyaz küpelerle eşleş
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’t understand what is so special about the spots where we found it. The Universe still holds many secrets,” he added.
Oxygen, in all its forms, is the third most abundant element in the Universe and a major ingredient of our planet.
- Cloud that can hold water for ages - Oct 21, 2011
- NASA's Orion 'moon' craft that could put man on asteroid unveiled - Mar 23, 2011
- Herschel's first insight into space reveals spectacular results - Jul 11, 2009
- Glistening galaxies tend to cluster in busiest parts of universe - May 21, 2010
- New way to peer at hidden distant galaxies - Nov 05, 2010
- Stars forming 'much more rapidly than previously believed' - Dec 17, 2010
- Ultraviolet starlight key to make water in space - Sep 03, 2010
- World's largest telescope spells golden age of astronomy - Dec 03, 2009
- Astronomers find hot water vapour around a carbon star - Sep 15, 2010
- Astronomers to search for precursors to life in cosmic dust - May 06, 2009
- NASA presents new launch system with eye on Mars - Sep 15, 2011
- ESA to launch two large observatories to look deep into space and time - May 08, 2009
- Herschel reveals how much dark matter it takes to form new galaxy - Feb 17, 2011
- Data from Herschel to shed new light on star formation in nearby galaxies - Dec 02, 2009
- New device unveils more mysteries about Maritan atmosphere - Oct 15, 2010
Tags: abundant element, atomic oxygen, aug 2, constellation of stars, european space agency, herschel, hydrogen molecules, infrared instrument, jet propulsion lab, molecular oxygen, molecule, nasa, odin, orion constellation, oxygen molecules, oxygen project, paul goldsmith, project scientist, warm regions, wave astronomy satelliteYamabushi (山伏) (one who prostrates himself on the mountain) are Japanese mountain ascetic hermits. According to a traditional Japanese mysticism, Yamabushi are believed to be endowed with supernatural powers. They follow the Shugendō doctrine, an integration of mainly esoteric Buddhism of the Shingon sect, with Tendai Buddhist, Taoism, and elements of Shinto. For the most part solitary, they did form loose confederations, and associations with certain temples, and also participated in battles and skirmishes alongside samurai and sōhei warrior monks on certain occasions. Their origins can be traced back to the solitary Yama-bito and some hijiri (聖) of the eighth and ninth centuries. There has also been cross-teaching with samurai weaponry and Yamabushi's spiritual approach to life and fighting.
In modern use, the term ubasoku-yamabushi refers to laymen practitioners of shugendō. The religion places a heavy emphasis on asceticism and feats of endurance, and white and saffron-robed yamabushi toting a horagai conch-shell trumpet are still a common sight near the shugendō holy site of Dewa Sanzan and in the sacred mountains of Kumano and Omine.
Yamabushi began as yamahoshi (山法師), isolated clusters (or individuals) of mountain hermits, ascetics, and "holy men", who followed the path of shugendō, a search for spiritual, mystical, or supernatural powers gained through asceticism. This path may or may not have had a founder, as the myths surrounding En no Gyōja are numerous and complex; he is quite similar to a Japanese Merlin in this way. Men who followed this path came to be known by a variety of names, including kenja, kenza, and shugenja. These mountain mystics came to be renowned for their magical abilities and occult knowledge, and were sought out as healers or mediums, although Shinto shrines had traditionally reserved this role exclusively for maidens known as Miko.
Most of these ascetics, in addition to their devotion to shugendō, studied the teachings of the Tendai sect of Buddhism, or the Shingon sect, established by Kōbō Daishi in the 8th century. Shingon Buddhism was one of the primary sects of mikkyō (密教) or Esoteric Buddhism, according to which enlightenment is found through isolation and contemplation of oneself, nature, and esoteric images (mandala). Both the Shingon and Tendai sects viewed mountains as the ideal place for this isolation and contemplation.
In their mountain retreats, these monks studied not only nature and religious/spiritual texts and images, but also a variety of martial arts. Whether they believed that they had to defend themselves from bandits, other monks, or samurai armies is questionable; but the study of martial arts as a means to improving oneself mentally, spiritually, and physically has always been central to Japanese culture, irrespective of the specific tenets of any one religious sect.
The Yamabushi also developed their own forms of cooking, utilizing plants on the mountains where they trained and thereby enabling themselves to spend weeks or even months without need to venture down into towns or cities for supplies. Thus, like the sōhei, the yamabushi became warriors as well as monks.
As their reputation for mystical insight and knowledge grew and the degree of their organization tightened, many masters of the ascetic disciplines began to be appointed to high spiritual positions in the court. Monks and temples began to gain political influence. By the Nanboku-chō Period, in the 13th and 14th centuries, the yamabushi had organized cohorts called konsha, which, along with sōhei and other monks, began to take direction from the central temples of their sects. They assisted Emperor Go-Daigo in his attempts to overthrow the Kamakura shogunate, proving that their skills as warriors were commensurate with those of the professional samurai armies against whom they fought.
Several centuries later, in the Sengoku Period, yamabushi were among the advisers and armies of nearly every major contender for dominion over Japan. Some, led by Takeda Shingen, aided Oda Nobunaga against Uesugi Kenshin in 1568. Others, including the abbot Sessai Choro, advised Tokugawa Ieyasu. Many fought alongside their fellow monks, the Ikkō-ikki, against Nobunaga, who eventually crushed them and put an end to the time of the warrior monks.
Yamabushi also served as sendatsu, or spiritual mountain guides, since medieval times for pilgrims along the Kumano Kodo to the Kumano Sanzan, including retired emperors and aristocrats.
- Nelson, Andrew Nathaniel (1995). The Original Modern Reader's Japanese-English Character Dictionary (Classic ed.). Rutland, Vermont: C. E. Tuttle Co. pp. 134, 346. ISBN 9780804819657.
- Hashi. "Japanese Mountain Folk". Tofugu. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
- Blacker, Carmen (1999). The Catalpa Bow: A Study of Shamanistic Practices in Japan (3rd ed.). Richmond, Virginia: Japan Library. pp. 165–167. ISBN 1873410859.
- "Yamabushi Mountain Monks Of Yamagata". Yamagata | Shonai | The Hidden Japan. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
- "Yamabushi Page". Yamabushi Judo Club. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
- Ratti, Oscar; Westbrook, Adele (1999). Secrets of the Samurai: A Survey of the Martial Arts of Feudal Japan. Edison, New Jersey: Castle Books. ISBN 0785810730.何謂通貨緊縮與通貨膨脹?何者嚴重 ?
通貨緊縮:是指一般物價持續下跌的情況，由於各機構對物價持續下跌的定義不同，主計處是引用國際貨幣基金的定義，當物價連續兩年下跌便稱為通貨緊縮。
通貨膨脹:如果許多商品的價格在某一段時間內，以一相當的幅度，一波波、持續性的上漲，則會對整個經濟社會造成困擾，這就是所謂的通貨膨脹了。
簡言之:通貨膨脹是指在外流通的錢變多了，而通貨緊縮則表示流通的錢變少了
通貨緊縮比較嚴重,在利潤不斷減少的情況下,會造成公司工廠倒閉,當層面逐漸擴大，失業率就會越來越高,人便會自降身價以面對高度競爭的就業市場，進而使平均薪資下跌,最後正式邁向通貨緊縮的惡性循環。Forward Thinking Through Backwards Design
Concurrent Session 5
During this presentation, an explanation of the backwards design process will be explored. Educators will learn to design comprehensive and effective courses and curriculum, that benefit the diverse needs of the learners in their classrooms. Participants will leave with practical strategies to use immediately to develop comprehensive courses and curriculum.
During this presentation, a detailed explanation of the backwards design process to design comprehensive and effective courses and curriculum, which will benefit the diverse needs of the learners in classrooms, will be explored. Teacher educators will explore practical ways to strengthen student learning in a variety of disciplines. Creating strong and engaging courses will determine the success of their students and in turn, their programs. Participants will learn about each step of the process as well as various approaches that can be used in order to ensure the process aligns with the individual course design requirements of various institutions and schools. A connection to the importance of the assessment process and how this information can and should be used to inform curriculum decisions will be included as well. A critical part of this process is making sure that the design of the course supports mastery of the course learning outcomes. Therefore, exploring the connection between program learning outcomes, course learning outcomes and weekly learning outcomes will be an area of focus. Examples and opportunities to practice alignment of the backwards design process to course learning outcomes will be integrated into the presentation. Engagement is critical as it leads to stronger mastery and takeaways of learning outcomes for students. Therefore, along with making sure alignment is in place, ensuring that the content of the course is engaging is another element that will be discussed during the presentation. Various examples of engagement strategies will be shared. Participants will engage in conversations and hands on opportunities with their peers and presenters to learn about making the content in courses engaging. Finally, the various ways in which collaboration contributes to the course design process will be discussed. Participants will leave the session with practical strategies that can be used immediately to develop comprehensive and effective courses and curriculum.Korona virüsünün hikayesi.
Eğer beynimizin %100'ünü kullansak neler olurdu.
Atatürk'ün bilime verdiği önem ve bize kattığı herşey.
Dünyanın en büyük matematik ispatı çözüldü ve 200 terabaytlık alan kapladı.
paralel evren nedir? paralel evren türleri nelerdir?
Türk mühendisler Guinness Dünya Rekorlar Kitabında yerini aldı!
Dünya dışında hayat varmı, varsa nerelerde var? Bunun üzerine araştırmalar ve bilgiler.蒋方良
蒋方良（1916年5月15日－2004年12月15日），原名菲娜·伊巴提娃·瓦赫瑞娃（俄语：ФаинаИпатьевнаВахрева），白俄罗斯人，中华民国第六、七任总统蒋经国的妻子。蒋方良出生于俄罗斯的叶卡捷琳堡（Екатеринбург），自幼双亲亡故，并由姐姐安娜抚养长大。由于她的父母是前沙俄贵族，因此被当时苏联的领导人斯大林关入劳改营。16岁时她在乌拉尔重型机械厂认识了被怀疑是美国间谍而被拘留的尼古拉·伊利札洛夫（即蒋经国），并在两年后的1935年3月15日结婚。编辑摘要
基本信息 编辑信息模块
|中文名： 蒋方良||英文名： Фаина Ипатьевна Вахрева|
|别名： 芬娜·伊巴提娃·瓦哈瑞娃||籍贯： 前苏联西伯利亚|
|出生地： 叶卡捷琳堡||国籍： 白俄罗斯人|
|去世日期： 2004年12月15日||职业： 政治 总统夫人|
|病逝地： 台北荣民总医院|
简介/蒋方良 编辑
瓦哈瑞娃（亦称：菲伊娜·伊巴杰夫娜·瓦赫列娃，俄语姓名：Фаина Ипатьевна Вахрева，英语姓名：Faina Epatcheva Vahaleva），白俄罗斯人，台湾地区领导人蒋经国的夫人。
蒋方良出生于俄罗斯的叶卡捷琳堡（Екатеринбург），自幼双亲亡故，并由姐姐安娜抚养长大。由于她的父母是前沙俄贵族，因此被当时苏联的领导人斯大林关入劳改营。16岁时她在乌拉尔重型机械厂认识了被怀疑是美国间谍而被拘留的尼古拉·伊利札洛夫（即蒋经国），并在两年后的1935年3月15日结婚。
在台湾，蒋经国任职总统后，方良虽是第一夫人，却鲜少表现，有如传统中国深闺妇女。在整个政治生涯中，除了关乎国民党的重大事故以外，她通常与公众保持距离，因此外界对她所知甚少。
1936年12月，斯大林终于允许蒋经国回中国。在杭州被蒋介石和宋美龄接受后，他们到浙江溪口举行了第二次婚礼。除了学习汉语
蒋经国与蒋方良有三儿一女，三个儿子分别是蒋孝文、蒋孝武和蒋孝勇，女儿是蒋孝章。儿子都已经过世。而蒋孝章当初因婚姻不获家庭认同，已远居美国。
蒋方良生前一直反对章孝严及已离世的章孝慈（蒋经国与情妇章亚若之子）认祖归宗改回蒋姓。据媒体报道，当章孝严争取改回蒋姓时候，还非常惊讶的询问身边的人“怎么会有人要认祖归宗？”。但对于这件事情，蒋方良不知道多少，又知道多少？始终是个谜。蒋方良拒绝了国史馆的历史口述邀约，使得许多有关她的生平如今是无缘得知了。
2004年12月15日，因肺肿瘤导致呼吸衰竭，病逝于台北荣民总医院，享年88岁。
生平/蒋方良 编辑
距1935年3月俄罗斯少女芬娜与乌拉尔重型机械厂副厂长尼古拉的跨国婚礼已近68个年头，婚礼歌声早已远去，异国情缘的少女芬娜
走过蒋家媳妇的时光、走过 “第一夫人”的尊崇，蒋方良一生充满传奇色彩，令人好奇。
蒋方良多数时间戴着太阳眼镜，一头白发的耄耋老人比起当年冰天雪地下金发碧眼的俄罗斯少女芬娜，外型已有很大的不同。
1935年，她刚从工人工艺学校毕业到乌拉尔重型机械厂工作，处处受蒋经国副厂长照顾，而蒋经国也在到俄罗斯的第十年与蒋方良结下白首之盟。
1935年12月，蒋方良生下长子艾伦即蒋孝文，1938年再生女儿蒋孝章，蒋孝章后来嫁到美国做了俞大维的儿媳妇。蒋方良与蒋经国共育有三子一女，但蒋经国及她的三个儿子先后辞世，不论蒋家掌权时代或是政党轮替，不论威权体制、宫廷内斗或苏联解体告别冷战，蒋方良几乎从没有公开谈话，今天与往常的日子一样，她是完全无声地面对尘世。
念旧的蒋方良很少买新衣，她认为旧有的衣服补补就能穿了，而且生性俭仆的她请求厨房一天只要中午煮一餐即可，晚上烫热再吃。每年在蒋经国辞世纪念的这一天，蒋方良照例中午与儿孙们只吃一碗面，以一项简单的仪式纪念前人。
2001年6月，媒体曾传出七海官邸预订了赴美国的机票，有人揣测蒋方良可能赴美探视蒋宋美龄？或转机赴俄罗斯，回到她睽违多年冰雪故乡？但，当时的蒋方良反而因病住院，这数十年她没有踏出台湾。
蒋方良19岁就嫁给蒋经国，远离故乡到中国，再随蒋经国来到台湾。19岁的俄罗斯少女芬娜已经远了，白发素朴的蒋方良的身影也离我们远了……
从芬娜变成芳娘蒋孝章。在蒋经国死后，她的三个儿子也相继去逝。但是外界对于蒋方良知不知道蒋经国与章亚若的婚外情、什么时候知道的、又知道多少，始终是个谜。蒋方良拒绝了“国史馆”的口述历史邀约，使得许多有关她的生平如今是无缘得知了。至于章孝严，据闻他的身份证上“父亲”一栏已改成“蒋经国”，因此，当蒋方良离世以后，这个妨碍他改回蒋姓的唯一障碍已经消失。
晚景凄凉
虽然蒋方良是蒋家第二代唯一代表人，但蒋经国过世后，接连三子也相继离世，让蒋方良的悲苦人生，更添凄凉。年轻时活泼开朗的她，在台湾历经半世纪的日子，却少有声音，到晚年更让人忘了她的存在。
历经了丧夫、连续丧子之痛后，蒋方良最后几年的岁月，不仅精神上郁郁寡欢，健康状况更差，身上的病痛，包括慢性阻塞性肺炎、气喘、心脏病、糖尿病及轻微脑中风，以及上年八月发现的肺肿瘤。
蒋方良独自居住在台湾七海官邸，思念家乡，怀念亲人，长期寡言
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0s when extensive excavations were carried out. Their finds are on display at the castle’s museum.
The Wakefield museum, recently re-located to the heart of the city charts the history of the area and its people from pre-historic times to the present day. The revamped attraction was opened by Sir David Attenborough in 2013 and includes a dedicated area to locally born eco-warrior Charles Waterton and other exhibits including Britain’s oldest post box and the pair of Rugby boots worn by local rugby player, Don Fox, who famously missed an easy penalty kick in the 1968 Challenge Cup Final for Wakefield against Leeds.
At nearby Overton, is the National Coal Mining Museum, opened in 1988 and based at the former Caphouse Colliery. Visitors are given guided tours of the mineshaft and there are displays showing how coal was excavated from the earth by miners. Above ground is a visitors centre and exhibitions showing the social history of mining communities, paddy trains, which were used to transport miners and pit ponies.
The Hepworth Wakefield Art Gallery opened in 2011 on the banks of The River Calder. It houses six galleries, influenced by local artists, such as Barbara Hepworth and Henry Moore and others displaying the development of Wakefield throughout the last 200 years.
The Theatre Royal was built in 1894 and still shows a variety of plays, dramas, dance shows and comedy. The city also has three green spaces, the largest of being Clarence Park, which also hosts the Wakefield Music Festival and places an emphasis on promoting local talent.
Wakefield Prison is the largest high security jail in Western Europe, housing some of Britain’s most notorious criminals serving life sentences.
The city is also known for being the capital of the Rhubarb triangle, which stretches to Rothwell and Morley to the North. Rhubarb is a native plant of Siberia, but thrives in the cold wet winters of West Yorkshire. It spends two years in the fields before being transferred to warmed sheds where they are kept in complete darkness. The carbohydrates in the roots turn to glucoses, which gives the plant its distinctive flavour. Yorkshire forced rhubarb has now, since 2010, achieved protection status in the EU and the area has become the centre of worldwide forced rhubarb production. The crop plays a central role at Wakefield’s annual food and drink festival held each February and in 2005 a sculpture of a rhubarb plant was constructed in Holmefield Park to commemorate its contribution to the city’s economy.
Wakefield is well linked by road to other Yorkshire towns and cities. It lies between three major motorways, the A1 to the East, M1 to the West and the M62 to the North. The town has also benefitted from the A1-M1 link road opened in 1999 providing easier access to North Yorkshire and bypassing Leeds.
The city, like Bradford has two railway stations, Kirkgate and Wakefield Westgate. The former is the older of the two, opened in 1840 and situated on the Manchester-Leeds line. It provides some services to London Kings Cross and Nottingham, as well as to other local places, such as Leeds, Halifax and Bradford. In the present day the station is unstaffed and over the decades has become run-down and derelict, although still operational. In 2008 part of the building collapsed onto a parked car and the station has gained a poor reputation for passenger safety. The following year it was dubbed one of the worst railway stations in the UK. However at the time of writing Kirkgate is being completely regenerated, with re-construction work being done on the building to make it safe and the inclusion of other features, such as retail space, meeting rooms and a café plus improved CCTV to address the issue of public safety.
The new Wakefield Westgate station opened in December 2013 and was built 300 yards north from the old one. It is possible to reach London in less than two hours from here and trains run to the capital on a half-hourly basis. Services to Leeds, York, Newcastle and Edinburgh are also available.
At the time of writing there is much debate in the city as to what effects the proposed High speed rail link (HS2), linking London to Leeds will have on the city. The proposed route is set to include 11.4 miles of track running through the Wakefield area, but there are concerns of its environmental impact on nearby Walton Hall and a local nature reserve. In January 2014 Wakefield Council voted against the proposed HS2 plan, arguing that money could be spent on improving the region’s roads and a new airport for West Yorkshire instead.
Wakefield has no university, but is home to the Queen Elizabeth I Grammar School, founded in 1591 and is a public school for boys. Notable former old boys include rugby-player Mike Tindall, Andy Cato of Groove Armada and football chairman Adam Pearson. Wakefield College, founded in 1868, provides higher education in the city and has over 10,000 students.
The oval ball is certainly the most prominent feature of city’s sporting prowess. The Wakefield Trinity Wildcats are currently in the Super league and play their home matches at Belle Vue. They were formed in 1873 by a group of men from Holy Trinity Church and were one of the original 22 clubs who broke away to form the Northern Union in 1895 at the famous meeting in Huddersfield.
Association football in the town, unlike many other places in Yorkshire has always run a distant second to Rugby League. Wakefield FC, were originally the football team in the nearby village of Emley, who enjoyed a famous FA Cup run in the late 1990s. They are an amateur club who currently share the Belle Vue ground with the rugby team at the time of writing.
There is a thriving nightlife scene in Wakefield, with some revellers seeing it as a cheaper and more accessible night out than larger places, such as Leeds. The clubs and bars are mainly on Westgate, centred on places such as Reflex, and Havana Bar.
Wakefield has undergone numerous regeneration projects in order to boost the town’s economic fortunes, none more so than in its commercial and retail sector. In May 2011 the shopping centre, Trinity walk opened, bringing many high street names, such as Asda, Game and New Look to the city and creating many new jobs. At the time of writing work is ongoing to regenerate Wakefield’s Waterfront on the River Calder with apartments, office space and leisure facilities. Merchantgate in the heart of the city has seen new improved council offices built, complete with new library and re-located museum.
There is more to Wakefield than meets the eye and is a city finally letting go of its past, and with ongoing re-generation, has a brighter future ahead.
There has been evidence of human activity in the Wakefield area from pre-historic times, but it is widely believed that the Angles, from Germany first sailed up the river Calder and settled here in the 5th/6th century AD. The name, Wacafield, which developed into Wakefield has Anglo-Saxon origins and the settlement was originally based around three roads, Westgate, Northgate and Kirkgate.
Like many Yorkshire places it was a victim of William the Conqueror’s Harrying of the north, which was so severe here that the land around Wakefield could not be farmed for nine years.
However it was still recorded as the town of Wachfield in the Doomsday Book and a Norman church was built in the centre along with Sandal Castle on its outskirts forming two of its most notable landmarks.
Wakefield’s wealth started to grow with the granting of a weekly cattle market and also the beginnings of trade routes on the river Calder, which saw Wakefield start to become an important inland port. On its outskirts the first coal mines were being sunk.
The major flashpoint in the town’s history came with the battle of Wakefield at Sandal Castle in 1460 when the Yorkists, led by Richard, Duke of York were routed by the Lancastrians. Many of their prisoners were held in a part of the Tower of London, which has since become known as The Wakefield Tower. There was also a Parliamentarian attack on the city during the civil war in 1643.
Wakefield’s position on The River Calder became crucial to the town’s development and growing wealth. Originally, unlike other Yorkshire towns, such as Halifax and Bradford, woollen mills were not built in Wakefield because it lacked fast-flowing streams to operate the machinery. Instead it had to look underground to its rich coal seams and stone quarries for its wealth. Furthermore In 1699 the Aire-Calder navigation was created which linked Wakefield to The Humber Estuary just outside Goole.
The railways came to Wakefield in 1840, which increased its ability to export goods and by 1869, 46 coal-mines had been sunk. The town also began to construct mills, which could now be powered by steam, for cloth making and wool. In the fields the first batches of rhubarb were being transferred to dark sheds and the church was being renovated after years of decline, making Wakefield a cathedral city in 1888. It was also the administrative centre for West Yorkshire during this time at the town hall. However, despite these achievements the town failed to develop at the same rate as other nearby industrialised towns, Leeds and Bradford. The population increased In Wakefield by just 9,000 people from 1800-1850, compared to Bradford’s leap from 6,000 to 182,000 over the same time period.
The coal industry in Wakefield continued to flourish and communities around Wakefield became known as “pit villages,” with the mines at their heart. Furthermore seven council estates were built around the outskirts of Wakefield after World War I, expanding the city to its current size.
Wakefield was one of the places at the centre of the 1984 miners’ strike, when the government wished to close many of the city’s fifteen active coal mines for economic reasons and mass strikes and demonstrations took place in the city opposing these moves. Since then the city has struggled to come to terms with the changes made during this period, with high unemployment and poverty reported in some of these communities. However, in recent years Wakefield has become a renaissance town, enjoying mass regeneration of the city centre, modernised railway station, the construction of Trinity walk and the waterfront projects increasing jobs and prosperity in this industrial city which hopes for a brighter future.
It is thought that Wakefield’s name is derived from ‘Wacca’s Field’ in the Old English.
Before the conquest of 1066 by William the Conqueror, Wakefield belonged to Edward the Confessor. After the Battle of Hasting it was owned by William himself. In 1089 Wakefield was laid waste by The Normans in a savage event known as ‘The Harrowing of the North.’ This was a punishment for a northern uprising against Norman rule.
The famous Domesday book show that there were two churches in the vicinity. The one in Wakefield had originally been a Saxon building but this was replaced, in 1100, by a stone built church in the Norman style. It was wrecked in 1315 when the central tower collapsed.
In Medieval times Wakefield was an inland port situated on The Calder. It became a centre for the tanning and woollen trades.
In modern times Wakefield has a population of around three hundred and fifteen thousand people.
The late 20th Century saw the decline of traditional industries in Wakefield , such as coalmining and textile production. Regeneration has begun. The Trinity Walk is a retail development to the north east of the city and the central square has been refurbished with a water feature. There is an art gallery, The Hepworth Wakefield, named in honour of local sculptor Barbara Hepworth.
The city has a famous Rugby League team, the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. It plays in the Super League and was one of the initial founders of the Northern Union after the split with the Rugby Union, over payments to players.Updated: Oct 2, 2019
“And his master commended the dishonest manager because he had acted shrewdly…” — Luke 16:8
Jesus’ parable in this week’s lesson reminds me of the Disney film, Pirates of the Caribbean. I have always enjoyed this swashbuckling adventure (or should I say, “mis-adventure”) story. In the film, the character of Captain Jack Sparrow is very much like the manager in the parable. He is a pirate. He is a self-serving thief and con-man who loves treasure, women and rum. Hardly a character to emulate! And yet, somehow, Captain Jack keeps doing the right things for the wrong reasons. Somewhere deep beneath the crusty barnacles of his irreverent and immoral life, lies a kind heart and a weird kind of compassion that oozes out in spite of him. At one point in the movie, someone says, “Yes, he is a pirate… And a good man.” And there’s truth in that. In the end, his miscreant behavior manages to bring together the hero and the heroine for a happy ending to the story.
The dishonest manager in the parable is, well, dishonest. As Jack says in Pirates, “You can always count on a dishonest man to be dishonest.” That is true of this manager. All attempts at scrubbing this man to make him seem more noble require us to read things into Jesus’ parable that simply aren’t there. Even his own boss says he is dishonest while he is commending him! But, in the end, his miscreant behavior significantly reduces the huge debts of the two people whose bills he adjusts. I would guess they were grateful. Somehow, in spite of himself, he manages to do the right thing.
Jesus seems to join the master in commending the man’s dishonesty. But, I don’t think he is suggesting that his disciples become dishonest scoundrels who squander their property. (Any more than Jesus commends the behavior of the Prodigal Son who squanders his inheritance in the parable that immediately precedes this one). No. Instead, I think Jesus wants the disciples to understand that even scoundrels can do the right thing… even if it is for the wrong reasons. The point is, if a scoundrel like this dishonest manager can do the right thing, so can they.
In Luke, Jesus talks a lot about wealth and possessions. He commends those who use what they have for the sake of others (even if it is in spite of themselves!) and is critical of those who hoard their possessions or use them for their own benefit. Jesus is trying to teach the disciples, and us, that we need to think about how we use our possessions and wealth for the sake of others.
Recently, I heard someone ask the question, “Do you control your money or does your money control you?” I think that’s a good question. Or to put it another way, “Do you serve your wealth or does it serve you?” Or, to push it a little further, “Do you serve your wealth or do you use it to serve God?” Or maybe even to push it a little more, “Do you serve your wealth, or does God use it, through you, to serve the world?” Maybe even in spite of you? Jesus’ frequent teaching throughout the Gospels suggest that how we use our money and possessions is a spiritual matter. Generosity is good for you. It will open your heart to others and to God’s eternal generosity for you. In the end, I like to imagine that the dishonest manager and maybe even Captain Jack Sparrow figured that out.
Thanks for reading! Pray for those who help us invest wisely, and for those who give us the opportunity to share what we have with others.Walter Chrysler started out as a mechanic in the train industry, but was rapidly promoted up to the executive suite. When he jumped ship to the auto industry, he gained some fame from quickly turning around General Motors divisions. Walter Chrysler then retired young, having enough wealth to do so, and the story may have ended there—but Willys-Overland had overextended itself, and its creditors lured Chrysler out of retirement with record-setting incentives.
Walter Chrysler found three engineers who had bonded at Studebaker—Fred Zeder, Owen Skelton, and Carl Breer, together “ZSB” or “The Three Musketeers”—developing a new car at Willys. The engineers thought it would be vastly superior to Willys’ current or upcoming cars, and Chrysler agreed; he decided to produce it under his own name at Willys’ New Jersey plant. Then John North Willys regained control of the company—except for the New Jersey plant and the new car, which were bought at auction by General Motors founder Billy Durant, who had by then been tossed out of GM twice (but that’s another story).
Chrysler retired again, but this time, Maxwell Motors’ creditors asked him for another turnaround. Chrysler agreed, and quickly brought in the three engineers he had met at Willys. They fixed the Maxwell car’s problems even as they developed a new car—the 1924 Chrysler B-70, made by Maxwell Motors. It was mid-priced, but had the features, engineering, and speed (70 mph) of a much more expensive car.
One key feature of the first Chrysler was four-wheel hydraulic brakes; nearly every other car had mechanical brakes, usually acting on only two wheels. The hydraulics were based on Lockheed ideas, and Chrysler gave the patents to Lockheed so other automakers would adopt the safer brakes. Another key feature was the six-cylinder engine, with a replaceable oil filter, carburetor air cleaner, and 25% higher compression than typical engines; the latter was possible because of a combustion chamber design with a “squish” area and optimized spark plug placement. The engine provided a respectable 68 brake horsepower on the extremely low octane fuel then available.
The new car was extremely popular, setting a record in its first year with 32,000 sales; in its first full year, 1925, Chrysler production was roughly 76,600, more than the roughly 55,000 low-priced Maxwells. In that year, incidentally, Chrysler created a holding company which purchased Maxwell and Chalmers—a complex way of changing Maxwell’s name and dismissing some financial constraints.
In 1926 or 1927, the revised Maxwell was renamed to Chrysler 50 and Chrysler 52, and in that year, the combined Chryslers were the fourth best selling cars in America. A new car, the Imperial 80, was added, with an 80 mph top speed. In 1928, Chryslers took third and fourth place in Le Mans—and a new brand, Plymouth, debuted, taking the former Maxwell from Chrysler.
The 1929 Chrysler 75 added thermostat-controlled radiator shutters, an idea which has now returned (though under computer control). Chrysler was the first major company to adopt downdraft carburetors, also replacing vacuum tanks with fuel pumps and started wiring cars for optional radios, in the 1930 models. The 1931 cars featured Chrysler’s first eight-cylinder (an inline design, not a V) along with free wheeling (coasting) and automatic spark control.
The 1932
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to assist with the financial management of these programs.
- -As a result of computer integration, more health care providers recognized the efficiency of computers to manage programs. Hospitals particularly recognized the efficiency of electronic billing
-During the 19060s, hospitals developed their own computer system that housed their financial information.
-the hospital were responsible for the maintenance of these system.
- -these system, which were large mainframe system, required a large staff to maintain their operations.
- -All of the hospitals' data was stored on these mainframe computers
-Computer programs were developed by the hosptial to extract data reports. these mainframe computers were very expensive.
- -they were eventually replaced in 1970s with minicomputers which were more efficent, more cost-effective and easier to maintain.
- -these minicomputers were connected to main computers that stored all of the data.
- -these minicomputers were also used to enter information
- -Eventually, specific computer system were developed for laboratory and clinics.
the 1980-1990s, the development and widespread use of personal computers (PCs) revolutionized information systems and technology.
-PCs were not reliant on a main computer for analyses. they were able to generate more sophisticated reports.
- -PCs were often linked as a network to share information among different departments in hospitals.
- -The development of a PC also enabled more computerization of physician practices.
The establishment of a Chief Information Officer (CIO) in health care organizations emphasized the importance information systems and technology had become to health care organizations
- -the US healthcare system has been the world leader for developing cutting-edge technology in healht care.
- -it has impacted how diagnostic procedures are performed, how data is collected and disseminated, how medicine is delivered, how providers treat their pateients, and how sugeries are performed.
-there are several healthcare stakeholders that impacted by technology.
-Comsumers, providers, employers, researchers all governmental levels, nonprofit and forprofit healthcare organization and insurance payers have all been impacted by technology.
-Technological advances have been blamed, in part for the continued rise of healthcare expenditures, but the results of technological advances cannot be disputed.
The Institute of Medicine has published a series of reports over the past several years that focus on improving the quality of health care in the United States.
-In 2001, they published the report “Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21stCentury”, which stresses the importance of improving the information technology infrastructure.
They emphasize the importance of an electronic health record (EHR), an electronic record of patient’s medical history. They also discuss the importance of patient safety by establishing data standards for collecting patient information
-In 2004, President Bush established within the Department of Health and Human Services, the Office of the National Coordinator for Information Technology.
-In 2005, the American Health InformationCommunity (AHIC) was chartered to develop recommendations on how to increase health information technology use in our health care system.
They focused on surveillance, consumer awareness, chronic health care and electronic health care records
In 2008, this initiative was renamed the National eHealth Collaborative.
- this organization has already met with president obama regarding HIT.
- - During his tenure, President Bush indicated that most U.S. citizens should have an electronic patient record by 2014.
- - President Obama has also supported this issue. Obama has budgeted $19 billion to accelerate the use of computerized medical records in physicians’ office by creating regional health IT extension centers.
Electronic Patient Record
-In 1991 and 1997, the Institute of Medicine issued reports that focused on the impact of computerbased patients’ records as important technology for improving health care .
-There are two concepts in electronic patient records that are used interchangeably yet are different—the electronic medical record (EMR/EHR) and the electronic health record.
- According to the National alliance for Health Information Technology:
- The electronic health record (EHR ) is the electronic record of health-related information on an individual that is accumulated from one health system and is utilized by the health organization that is providing patient care.
- - Simply, the EHR is an EMR that can be integrated with other systems
The Institute of medicine has been urging the healthcare industry to adopt the electronic patient record but initially cost were too high and the health community did not embrace the recommendation.
- As software cost have declined, more healthcare providers have adopted the use of the EHR system.
- -In 2003 HHS began to promote the use of HIT including the use of EHR.
- - the IOM was asked to identify essential elements for the establishment of an EHR.
The IOM broadly defined the definition of EHR to include:
- -the collection of longitudinal data on a person's health.
- -Immediate electronic access to this information.
- -Establish of a system that provides decision support to ensure the quality, safety, and efficiency of patient care.
Benefits of Electronic Patient Records
Many administrators cited the capability of more comprehensive reporting that integrated both clinical and administrative data.
-It also provided an opportunity to analyze and review patient outcomes because of the standardization of the clinical assessments.
-Also noted was the development of electronic automated reports that improved the discharge of a patient. The reports also provided an opportunity for the administrator to assess the workload of a department.
- -The EHR also improved operational efficiency and had excellent capabilities to process and store data.
- - Administrators also reported that the computerized documentation took 30% less time than the previous handwritten notes
However it is difficult to develop an electonical record that can integrate with other medical systems.
-It is important that standards are developed for EHR to ensure standard data elements are collected and to ensure that the software will be integrated into other others system
-Several studies indicated there was an improvement in interdepartmental communication.
-Several studies indicated there was an improvement in interdepartmental communication.
-The EHR provided aggregate data in the patient records to other departments and the information about the patient was legible.
- The EHR allowed accessibility by many departments regarding integrated care.
- -The actual design and implementation of an EHR system developed a more interdisciplinary approach to patient care. The implementation of an EHR system led to improved data accuracy because it reduced the need to replicate data.
- -EHR system provides an opportunity for future research. The data captured in the database could be used to analyze outcomes and develop baseline data for future research
Barriers to Electronic Patient Records
-A major issue with any national implementation of an electronic heath record system is the development of data standards that should be used nationally.
-From a user perspective such as a physician’s office, a major issue with EHR implementation was the cost of the implementation of the system.
-Software purchases, hardware, network upgrades, training and computer personnel must be considered in the purchase of the system.
- -Estimates vary from $15,000-$30,000 per physician which can be amortized over a period of 5 years.
- -Estimates should also include annual costs of $5,000-$15,000 over the first 5 years.
-In 2008, Microsoft announced their Health-Vault website (www.healthvault.com) that enables patients to develop electronic health records free of charge.
- It is up to the individual as to how much medical information the person wants to store online with this website.
- -The website also has links to several health websites that can assist with exercise programs, heart issues, drug reactions, software that allows users to share their medical information with their providers, etc.
- -In November 2008, the Cleveland Clinic agreed to pilot data exchanges between HealthVault and the Cleveland Clinic’s personal health record system. The Clinic has enrolled 400 patients in the areas of diabetes, hypertension and heart disease to test the system.
Legal and Ethical Issues of Electronic Patient Records
-However, legal and ethical issues are also a concern. As with any technological development, regulations often lag behind its’ implementation.
- -A major legal barrier is the sharing of the patient information electronically with other providers. Does this violate any HIPAA regulations pertaining to privacy and confidentiality? Does the patient have to consent this sharing of information each time their information is electronically shared with other providers.
- - Recent surveys have indicated that nearly 50 percent of U.S. adults polled indicated they had concerns about privacy and security of their information but felt that a computerized system like EHRs would outweigh the risks.
- - The remaining 50 percent of those polled indicated that the EHR systems do not outweigh the risks of privacy and security
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
-Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computerized methods and technologies to imitate human decision making
-A technique of AI is expert systems (EI) which were developed to imitate expert’s knowledge in decision making .
- -Electronic clinical decision support systems are systems that are designed to integrate medical information, patient information and a decision making tool to generate information to assist with cases. They are a type of knowledge-based system. The key functions of a CDSS are:
- 1) administrative,
- 2) case management,
- 3) cost control
- 4) decision support.
-Specifically, expert systems can be used to alert and remind health care providers of a patient’s condition change, or to have a laboratory test performed or have an intervention performed.
- An expert system can also assist with a diagnosis using the system’s database. The system can expose any weaknesses in a treatment plan or check for drug interactions and allergies.
- A system can also interpret imaging tests routinely to flag any abnormalities. It is important to note that the more complex duties of a system require the integration of an EMR/EHR system so the system can interface with the patient dat
research over the past several years indicated that CDSSs have many potential benefits that can be classified into three categories:
1. improved patient safety
2. improve quality of care
3 improved efficiency in healthcare delivery
- -although the barriers to implementation were identified previously the benefits for many institutions have outweighed those barriers so they have found ways to utilize these CDSSs.
- - more CDSSs are being developed to provide information for various type of diseases.
Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)
-Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) are clinical decision support systems that enable a patient’s provider to enter a prescription order, order for a lab or diagnostic test into a computer system. The order entry has four components:
- 1) information can be entered from a handheld device, laptop or desktop computer,
- 2) it enables the provider to order a test or prescription, or procedure,
- 3) it is connected to a decision support system that alerts the provider to any problems with their orders, and
- 4) it can be integrated into the overall computer system of the organization.
-E-prescribing, a form of CPOE, focuses on electronic prescription ordering by a provider for their patient.
- It also focuses on improving patient safety.
- -Medication ordering and the administration of these medications can be incorrectly given to a patient because of similar sound names, similar dosages, similar labeling.
- -E-prescribing can be performed on a desk computer, laptop or hand-held device that will records physicians’ prescription orders which eliminates having an individual reading a hand written prescription.
PHARMANCY BENEFIT MANAGERS (PBM)
-E-prescribing will become more commonplace with the mandates of Medicare. In order to manage this technology effectively and efficiently, a Pharmacy Benefit Manager(PBM) uses technology based tools to assess and evaluate the management of the prescription component so it can be customized to address the needs of the organization
- PBMs are companies that administer drug benefits for employers and health insurance carriers.
-They contract with managed care organizations, self insured employers, Medicaid and Medicare managed care plans, federal health insurance programs and local government organizations
Approximately 95% of all patients with drug coverage received benefits through a PBM
Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs)
-Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) are used by software programs to alter pharmacists and clinicians about potential drug-drug interactions.
- These alerts can be notifying the provider that two drugs may interact or there may be management strategies provided regarding the DDIs
- -In a January 2009 article entitled” Development of computerized alerts with management strategies for 25 serious drug-drug interactions”, a group of experts developed a list of 25 important DDIs and management strategies that should be used in when prescribing in an ambulatory setting.
- -Alert messaging was developed for these 25 DDIs for eRx and pharmacy systems. This type of additional information will educate providers regarding potential issues while prescribing
-Telehealth is the broad term that encompasses the use of information technology to deliver education, research and clinical care.
-An important activity of telehealth is the use of email as a communication between providers and their patients.
-In an American Medical Association 2004 survey, approximately 25% of physicians reported they communicated with their patients via e-mail.
-Telehealth also includes communication between health care providers
E-health refers to the use of the Internet by both individuals and health care professionals to access education, research and products and services. There are several online websites such as www.webmd.com and www.healthline.com that provide consumers general health care information
-Telemedicine refers to the use of information technology to enable health care providers to communicate with rural care providers regarding patient care or to communicate directly with patients regarding treatment.
-The basic form of telemedicine is a telephone consultation.
- Telemedicine is most frequently used in pathology and radiology because images can be transmitted to a distant location where a specialist will read the results.
- - Telemedicine is becoming more common because it increases health care access to remote locations such as rural areas. It also is a cost effective mode of treatment
Chief Information office
-As more health care services are delivered electronically, many health care organizations have designated a Chief Information officer (CIO) to manage the organization’s information systems.
-Some organizations may also refer this position as a Chief Technology Officer (CTO) or they may have both.
-Normally, the CIO is a vice president of the organization and the CTO reports to that position. The CIO also integrates HIT into the organization’s strategic plan
-The CIO must have knowledge of current information technologies as they apply to the healthcare industry and how new techology can apply to the organization
-the CIO is also responsible for motivating employees whenever there is any technological change.
COUNCIL FOR AFFORDABLE QUALITY HEALTH CARE
-(CAQH)This nonprofit organization consists of alliances of health plans and trade associations to discuss efficiency initiatives to exchange patient information.
-As part of their initiative, they have created a Committee on Operating Rules for Information Exchange (CORE) which is borrowing from the banking industry who has set up standards for one of the largest electronic payment systems in the world.
Enterprise Data Warehouse
-An Enterprise Data Warehouse is developed to provide information to aid enterprises in making decisions from a strategic perspective. Data warehousing requires an integration of many computer systems across an organization.
-One of the first health care systems to utilize an EDW is the Veteran’s Health Administration.
- -The VHA’s Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW)-It uses an IT-based system which is used for clinical management, e-prescriptions, patient and drug information and decision support. This system is in use at VA hospitals and clinics.
- -The EDW has been instrumental in providing effective services to over 5 million veterans on an annual basis
The CMS Enterprise Data Warehouse
-In 2006, CMMS, as a pilot study, developed the largest data enterprise warehouse in history to gather hospital, prescription, physician data to analyze the claims data for Medicare and Medicaid.
They initially are going to integrate claims from 2005-2006. They feel that the integration of their data will enable them to analyze claims by provider
Radio frequency identification (RFID)
-Radio frequency identification (RFID) chips transmit data to receivers. Each of these chips is uniquely identified by a signal indicating where it is located.
-RFID can be used for the following:
- Tracking of pharmaceuticals as they are shipped from the manufacturer to the customer;
- Tracking costly medical equipment to ensure easy access;
- -Identifying providers in hospitals to ensure efficiency in care;
- -Identifying laboratory specimens to reduce medical errors;
- -Tracking patients including infants while they are hospitals;
- -Tracking hazardous materials that pose a public health threat
- Currently, approximately 25% of health care RFID tags are used to identify people to ensure they are given the appropriate medication and interventions.
-Approximately 16% of RFID tags are used for expensive equipment; 13% are used for pharmaceuticals and 4% are used for blood identification to reduce medical errors.
-It is anticipated that over the next 10 years, RFID will be used primarily on labels of drugs to eliminate any drug counterfeiting by providing the full custody information on the RFID tag of the drug.
APPLIED HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
-PhreesiaPad, a wireless digital device with a touch screen keyboard allows a patient to enter their demographic information and the reason they are visiting the doctor
- This new technology eliminates the patient’s need to replicate their information each time they pay a visit to the doctor.
- -The system is currently being used in 49 states and thousands of doctors’ offices.
The Healthy Advice Network
-The Healthy Advice Network provides education to patients electronically while in the waiting room or an exam room.
- Health education information is customized with brand advertising messages displayed on digital flat screens in the physicians’ waiting rooms. • There are 25 minute loops of brand materials that focus on prevention and management of disease.
- - In 2009, this information was provided to 118.4 million annual patient visits.
-Developed by eMedicalFiles, the IntelliFinger is biometric authentication technology which authenticates the identification of a patient by their fingerprint which is scanned when they enter an office for a medical visit, pre-surgery visit, at check out and at the pharmacy.
-The technology translates the fingerprint into a numeric combination that is matched with the patient’s medical information.
-This prevents fraudulent use of insurance cards and should reduce Medicaid and Medicare fraud. The Intellifinger can be added to any electronic health record system
In 2002, the innovative Card Scanning, Inc. was started by a physician because he wanted to develop a user friendly scanner--the DocketPort Scanner, which uses an imaging software that would scan a patient’s insurance card and transfer the information to the patient form within 30 seconds.
It eliminates copying costs and staff time that would normally copy the card and put it in the patient file.
- Siemens has introduced a pocket sized ultrasound, Accuson P210 that can be used for traditional applications of diagnostic and screening tests
-It can be used in outpatient areas, intensive care units, and rescue helicopters to provide instant information to make a diagnosis.
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during World War II because Stalin questioned their loyalty.
Although Stalin's successors also persecuted writers and dissidents, they used police terror more sparingly to coerce the population, and they sought to gain some popular support by relaxing political controls and introducing economic incentives. Nonetheless, strict centralization continued and eventually led to the economic decline, inefficiency, and apathy that characterized the 1970s and 1980s, and contributed to the Chernobyl' nuclear disaster. Mikhail Gorbachev's program of perestroika was a reaction to this situation, but its success was limited by his reluctance to abolish the bastions of Soviet power—the party, the police, and the centralized economic system—until he was forced to do so after the attempted coup in August 1991. By that time, however, it was too late to hold either the Communist leadership or the Soviet Union together. After seventy-four years of existence, the Soviet system crumbled.
During the second half of the 1920s, Joseph Stalin set the stage for gaining absolute power by employing police repression against opposition elements within the Communist Party. The machinery of coercion had previously been used only against opponents of Bolshevism, not against party members themselves. The first victims were Politburo members Leon Trotskii, Grigorii Zinov'ev, and Lev Kamenev, who were defeated and expelled from the party in late 1927. Stalin then turned against Nikolai Bukharin, who was denounced as a “right opposition,” for opposing his policy of forced collectivization and rapid industrialization at the expense of the peasantry.
Stalin and colleagues, 1929
A celebration of Joseph Stalin's 50th birthday in the Kremlin, December 21, 1929, with party members Ordzhonikidze, Voroshilov, Kuibyshev, Stalin, Kalinin, Kaganovich, and Kirov, as a statue of Lenin looks on.
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Stalin had eliminated all likely potential opposition to his leadership by late 1934 and was the unchallenged leader of both party and state. Nevertheless, he proceeded to purge the party rank and file and to terrorize the entire country with widespread arrests and executions. During the ensuing Great Terror, which included the notorious show trials of Stalin's former Bolshevik opponents in 1936–1938 and reached its peak in 1937 and 1938, millions of innocent Soviet citizens were sent off to labor camps or killed in prison.
By the time the terror subsided in 1939, Stalin had managed to bring both the party and the public to a state of complete submission to his rule. Soviet society was so atomized and the people so fearful of reprisals that mass arrests were no longer necessary. Stalin ruled as absolute dictator of the Soviet Union throughout World War II and until his death in March 1953.
The murder of Sergei Kirov on December 1, 1934, set off a chain of events that culminated in the Great Terror of the 1930s. Kirov was a full member of the ruling Politburo, leader of the Leningrad party apparatus, and an influential member of the ruling elite. His concern for the welfare of the workers in Leningrad and his skill as an orator had earned him considerable popularity. Some party members had even approached him secretly with the proposal that he take over as general secretary.
It is doubtful that Kirov represented an immediate threat to Stalin's predominance, but he did disagree with some of Stalin's policies, and Stalin had begun to doubt the loyalty of members of the Leningrad apparatus. In need of a pretext for launching a broad purge, Stalin evidently decided that murdering Kirov would be expedient. The murder was carried out by a young assassin named Leonid Nikolaev. Recent evidence has indicated that Stalin and the NKVD planned the crime.
Stalin then used the murder as an excuse for introducing draconian laws against political crime and for conducting a witch-hunt for alleged conspirators against Kirov. Over the next four-and-a-half years, millions of innocent party members and others were arrested—many of them for complicity in the vast plot that supposedly lay behind the killing of Kirov. From the Soviet point of view, his murder was probably the crime of the century because it paved the way for the Great Terror. Stalin never visited Leningrad again and directed one of his most vicious post-War purges against the city—Russia's historic window to the West.
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From the beginning of their regime, the Bolsheviks relied on a strong secret, or political, police to buttress their rule. The first secret police, called the Cheka, was established in December 1917 as a temporary institution to be abolished once Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks had consolidated their power. The original Cheka, headed by Feliks Dzerzhinskii, was empowered only to investigate “counterrevolutionary” crimes. But it soon acquired powers of summary justice and began a campaign of terror against the propertied classes and enemies of Bolshevism. Although many Bolsheviks viewed the Cheka with repugnance and spoke out against its excesses, its continued existence was seen as crucial to the survival of the new regime.
Once the Civil War (1918–21) ended and the threat of domestic and foreign opposition had receded, the Cheka was disbanded. Its functions were transferred in 1922 to the State Political Directorate, or GPU, which was initially less powerful than its predecessor. Repression against the population lessened. But under party leader Joseph Stalin, the secret police again acquired vast punitive powers and in 1934 was renamed the People's Comissariat for Internal Affairs, or NKVD. No longer subject to party control or restricted by law, the NKVD became a direct instrument of Stalin for use against the party and the country during the Great Terror of the 1930s.
After Stalin's death in 1953 the loyal Beria was purged from the Communist Party and power and later executed. (The young girl in Beria's lap is Stalin's daughter Svetlana; the man at right, rear, is unidentified.)
Joseph Stalin and Lavrenti Beria, a Soviet political leader and official in the secret police during the Stalin era of leadership, enjoying a rest at a dacha (a Russian country cottage).
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The secret police remained the most powerful and feared Soviet institution throughout the Stalinist period. Although the post-Stalin secret police, the KGB, no longer inflicted such large-scale purges, terror, and forced depopulation on the peoples of the Soviet Union, it continued to be used by the Kremlin leadership to suppress political and religious dissent. The head of the KGB was a key figure in resisting the democratization of the late 1980s and in organizing the attempted putsch of August 1991.
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The Soviet system of forced labor camps was first established in 1919 under the Cheka, but it was not until the early 1930s that the camp population reached significant numbers. By 1934 the Gulag, or Main Directorate for Corrective Labor Camps, then under the Cheka's successor organization the NKVD, had several million inmates. Prisoners included murderers, thieves, and other common criminals—along with political and religious dissenters. The Gulag, whose camps were located mainly in remote regions of Siberia and the Far North, made significant contributions to the Soviet economy in the period of Joseph Stalin. Gulag prisoners constructed the White Sea-Baltic Canal, the Moscow-Volga Canal, the Baikal-Amur main railroad line, numerous hydroelectric stations, and strategic roads and industrial enterprises in remote regions. GULAG manpower was also used for much of the country's lumbering and for the mining of coal, copper, and gold.
Stalin constantly increased the number of projects assigned to the NKVD, which led to an increasing reliance on its labor. The Gulag also served as a source of workers for economic projects independent of the NKVD, which contracted its prisoners out to various economic enterprises.
Conditions in the camps were extremely harsh. Prisoners received inadequate food rations and insufficient clothing, which made it difficult to endure the severe weather and the long working hours; sometimes the inmates were physically abused by camp guards. As a result, the death rate from exhaustion and disease in the camps was high. After Stalin died in 1953, the Gulag population was reduced significantly, and conditions for inmates somewhat improved. Forced labor camps continued to exist, although on a small scale, into the Gorbachev period, and the government even opened some camps to scrutiny by journalists and human rights activists. With the advance of democratization, political prisoners and prisoners of conscience all but disappeared from the camps.
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In November 1927, Joseph Stalin launched his “revolution from above” by setting two extraordinary goals for Soviet domestic policy: rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture. His aims were to erase all traces of the capitalism that had entered under the New Economic Policy and to transform the Soviet Union as quickly as possible, without regard to cost, into an industrialized and completely socialist state.
Stalin's First Five-Year Plan, adopted by the party in 1928, called for rapid industrialization of the economy, with an emphasis on heavy industry. It set goals that were unrealistic—a 250 percent increase in overall industrial development and a 330 percent expansion in heavy industry alone. All industry and services were nationalized, managers were given predetermined output quotas by central planners, and trade unions were converted into mechanisms for increasing worker productivity. Many new industrial centers were developed, particularly in the Ural Mountains, and thousands of new plants were built throughout the country. But because Stalin insisted on unrealistic production targets, serious problems soon arose. With the greatest share of investment put into heavy industry, widespread shortages of consumer goods occurred.
The First Five-Year Plan also called for transforming Soviet agriculture from predominantly individual farms into a system of large state collective farms. The Communist regime believed that collectivization would improve agricultural productivity and would produce grain reserves sufficiently large to feed the growing urban labor force. The anticipated surplus was to pay for industrialization. Collectivization was further expected to free many peasants for industrial work in the cities and to enable the party to extend its political dominance over the remaining peasantry.
Stalin focused particular hostility on the wealthier peasants, or kulaks. About one million kulak households (some five million people) were deported and never heard from again. Forced collectivization of the remaining peasants, which was often fiercely resisted, resulted in a disastrous disruption of agricultural productivity and a catastrophic famine in 1932–33. Although the First Five-Year Plan called for the collectivization of only twenty percent of peasant households, by 1940 approximately ninety-seven percent of all peasant households had been collectivized and private ownership of property almost entirely eliminated. Forced collectivization helped achieve Stalin's goal of rapid industrialization, but the human costs were incalculable.
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The next 1932 letter documents in great detail the devastating effects of collectivization in the Novosibirsk area of Siberia. An accompanying physician's report describes the deleterious medical conditions the famine has produced. This document is among the first detailed descriptions of the collectivization and its results in Siberia.
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The Soviet Union was the first state to have as an ideological objective the elimination of religion. Toward that end, the Communist regime confiscated church property, ridiculed religion, harassed believers, and propagated atheism in the schools. Actions toward particular religions, however, were determined by State interests, and most organized religions were never outlawed.
The main target of the anti-religious campaign in the 1920s and 1930s was the Russian Orthodox Church, which had the largest number of faithful. Nearly all of its clergy, and many of its believers, were shot or sent to labor camps. Theological schools were closed, and church publications were prohibited. By 1939 only about 500 of over 50,000 churches remained open.
After Nazi Germany's attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, Joseph Stalin revived the Russian Orthodox Church to intensify patriotic support for the war effort. By 1957 about 22,000 Russian Orthodox churches had become active. But in 1959 Nikita Khrushchev initiated his own campaign against the Russian Orthodox Church and forced the closure of about 12,000 churches. By 1985 fewer than 7,000 churches remained active. Members of the church hierarchy were jailed or forced out, their places taken by docile clergy, many of whom had ties with the KGB.
Campaigns against other religions were closely associated with particular nationalities, especially if they recognized a foreign religious authority such as the Pope. By 1926, the Roman Catholic Church had no bishops left in the Soviet Union, and by 1941 only two of the almost 1,200 churches that had existed in 1917, mostly in Lithuania, were still active. The Ukrainian Catholic Church (Uniate), linked with Ukrainian nationalism, was forcibly subordinated in 1946 to the Russian Orthodox Church, and the Autocephalous Orthodox Churches of Belorussia and Ukraine were suppressed twice, in the late 1920s and again in 1944.
Attacks on Judaism were endemic throughout the Soviet period, and the organized practice of Judaism became almost impossible. Protestant denominations and other sects were also persecuted. The All-Union Council of Evangelical Christian Baptists, established by the government in 1944, typically was forced to confine its activities to the narrow act of worship and denied most opportunities for religious teaching and publication. Fearful of a pan-Islamic movement, the Soviet regime systematically suppressed Islam by force, until 1941. The Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union that year led the government to adopt a policy of official toleration of Islam while actively encouraging atheism among Muslims.
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Here is a letter of March 19, 1922, from Lenin via Molotov to members of the Politburo, outlining a brutal plan of action against the “Black Hundreds” clergy and their followers, who were defying the government decree to remove church valuables (purported by the government to be used to fund famine relief). Lenin proposed the arrest and quick trial of the insurrectionists in Shuia, followed by a ruthless campaign to shoot a large number of the reactionary clergy and bourgeoisie and urged that removal of valuables from the richest churches and monasteries be finished quickly.
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In the years immediately following their accession to power in 1917, the Bolsheviks took measures to prevent challenges to their new regime, beginning with eliminating political opposition. When the freely-elected Constituent Assembly did not acknowledge the primacy of the Bolshevik government, Vladimir Lenin dissolved it in January 1918. The Left Socialist Revolutionary Party, which protested the action, withdrew from the Bolshevik coalition in March, and its members were automatically branded enemies of the people. Numerous opposition groups posed military threats from various parts of the country, placing the survival of the revolution in jeopardy. Between 1918 and 1921, a state of civil war existed.
Bolshevik policy toward its detractors, and particularly toward articulate, intellectual criticism, hardened considerably. Suppression of newspapers, initially described as a temporary measure, became a permanent policy. Lenin considered the Constitutional Democrats (Kadets) the center of a conspiracy against Bolshevik rule. In 1919, he began mass arrests of professors and scientists who had been Kadets, and deported Kadets, Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, and Nationalists. The Bolshevik leadership sought rapidly to purge Russia of past leaders in order to build the future on a clean slate.
These harsh measures alienated a large number of the intellectuals who had supported the overthrow of the tsarist order. The suppression of democratic institutions evoked strong protests from academics and artists, who felt betrayed in their idealistic belief that revolution would bring a free society. Writers who had emigrated shortly after the revolution published stinging attacks on the new government from abroad. As a result, further exit permits for artists were generally denied.
The disenchantment of the majority of intellectuals did not surprise Lenin, who saw the old Russian intelligentsia as a kind of rival to his “party of a new type,” which alone could bring revolutionary consciousness to the working class. In his view, artists generally served bourgeois interests, a notion that fueled the persecution of intellectuals throughout the Soviet period.
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The pattern of suppressing intellectual activity, with intermittent periods of relaxation, helped the party leadership reinforce its authority. After 1923, when threats to the revolution's survival had disappeared, intellectuals enjoyed relative creative freedom while the regime concentrated on improving the country's economic plight by allowing limited free enterprise under the Lenin's New Economic Policy.
But in 1928, the Central Committee established the right of the party to exercise guidance over literature; and in 1932 literary and artistic organizations were restructured to promote a specified style called socialist realism. Works that did not contribute to the building of socialism were banned. Lenin had seen the need for increasing revolutionary consciousness in workers. Stalin now asserted that art should not merely serve society, but do so in a way determined by the party and its megalomaniacal plans for transforming society. As a result, artists and intellectuals as well as political figures became victims of the Great Terror of the 1930s.
During the war against Nazi Germany, artists were permitted to infuse their works with patriotism and to direct them against the enemy. The victory in 1945, however, brought a return to repression against deviation from party policy. Andrei Zhdanov, who had been Stalin's spokesman on cultural affairs since 1934, led the attack. He viciously denounced such writers as Anna Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, and Mikhail Zoshchenko, who were labeled “anti-Soviet, underminers of socialist realism, and unduly pessimistic.” Individuals were expelled from the Union of Writers, and offending periodicals were either abolished or brought under direct party control.
Zhdanov died in 1948, but the cultural purge known as the Zhdanovshchina continued for several more years. The noted filmmaker
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安装程序重新安装，应注意新老板子交接部分的处理，旧板子棒部的胶粘剂应清除干净。
木地板怎么清洁？
1、将抹布放入装有水的洗衣盆中，如图所示。
2、接着往洗衣盆中倒入适量的淘米水（淘米水呈碱性，可以去除木地板上的污垢；并且淘米水具有清洁去污的效果），如图所示。
3、用手将充分浸湿的抹布上的水分拧干，如图所示。
4、使用抹布仔仔细细擦拭木地板上的污垢，特别注意木地板之间的缝隙。
5、看下，脏了的木地板已经清洗干净。The trap I used was a classic Victor brand mouse trap. This is the kind that uses a spring loaded bar held back by a hook. The front of the hook rests on a small protrusion on a metal piece used as a bait holder. When the bait holder is moved even slightly, the hook releases, and the upward force on the bar from the spring pushes the hook out of the way and allows the bar to slam down on the front of the trap. Any mouse that is unlucky enough to have its neck in the way of the bar will be dead.
I’ve included timing results from both the mouse trap and the larger rat trap. I’ve also included a step showing how the closing speed can be estimated using a simplified model based on the physics of an ideal torsion spring.
Step 1: Trap modification and Equipment Setup
The different parts of the mousetrap were used to create two switches which allow the release and closing events to be represented on the scope. To make electrical connections to the various parts of the trap, I soldered wires to the U shaped tacks that are used to fasten them to the wooden base. A 9 volt battery was used as a voltage source to produce a signal that represents the state of the switches.
The trigger event for the scope (the release of the trap) is generated by using the bait holder and hook as the contacts of a switch. This is effectively a single pole, single throw normally closed switch. It is in the closed state when the trap is set, allowing the positive terminal of the battery to connect to the bait holder. When the trap is released, the battery will no longer be connected to the bait holder and so the voltage on it will drop to zero. The scope was set to trigger on the falling voltage seen on the bait holder.
The second switch generates the signal representing the closing of the trap. This switch is single pole, single throw normally open switch. It is in the open state prior to the bar impacting the front of the trap. This switch uses the spring loaded bar as one contact. The second contact is a strip of aluminum tape on the front edge of the trap. The battery voltage is applied to the bar, and the metal tape contact is connected to the second channel of the scope. When the trap is set, the voltage on the metal tape front contact will be zero. When the bar impacts the front contact, the voltage on it will rise to the battery voltage. By examining the timing between the voltage drop on the bait holder and the voltage rise on the front contact, the time from release to closure of the trap can be determined.
The diagram shows how the different parts of the trap are used to make the two switches, and how the switch states change from the setting of the trap to its final closure. The schematic also shows how the two switches, the battery, and the oscilloscope connect together. The nodes numbered in the schematic correspond to the parts of the trap numbered in the picture of the actual trap. Node 1 is the hook, node 2 is the bar, node 3 is the bait holder, and node 4 is the metal tape contact added to the front of the trap.
Step 2: Mouse Trap Results
The timing from release to first closure was always about 12 milliseconds. I performed the same measurements on both of the traps that were included in the package, and the results were again fairly consistent.
Note the “bouncing” visible as the bar slams down on the front contact. Anyone who has dealt with interfacing mechanical switches to digital inputs will be familiar with the need to “debounce” the inputs. Mechanical contacts generally don’t just make a solid clean connection when closed. Instead, the switch contacts actually open and close several times before settling on a stable state. Notice that the timing between the initial closing and the second closing is fairly large, about 4 milliseconds. The subsequent closings are more closely spaced, until the bar finally comes to rest and switch stays closed.
I don’t have a high speed camera, but there are high speed videos of mouse traps on YouTube. When I viewed some of them, you could clearly see the bar bounce back up from the wooden base about half an inch after the initial contact. This agrees with the bouncing seen on the graph.
To put the 12 millisecond close time into perspective, one cycle of 60 Hz power is 16.7 milliseconds. So the trap slams shut in about ¾ of the time it takes the voltage on your AC outlet to make a complete cycle. I looked up how fast a humming bird’s wings move, and the general range stated in various sources was between 50 and 80 beats per second. So, the trap will slam shut about as fast as a single flapping of a hummingbird’s wing.
The 12 milliseconds represents the time for the bar to impact the wooden base. If a mouse were present, eating food from the bait holder, then the bar would not have to even travel that far to hit the mouse. So, if you are a mouse eating from a trap and you accidentally trip it, you actually have less than 12 milliseconds to back out and escape. I’m pretty sure that no mouse can move that quickly.
You could say that the bar of a mousetrap literally travels at “break neck” speed!
Step 3: Rat Trap
The rat trap close time was approximately 23 milliseconds. Several runs were made, with the results being fairly consistent between them. The graph shows the timing. Again, note the bouncing of the switch closure before settling on a stable state.
Step 4: Analysis using Basic Physics
I put together an analysis of the system using a simplified model based on the physics of ideal springs and simple harmonic motion. In this simplified analysis, many things have been idealized. Frictional forces, air resistance, and gravitational forces have been neglected. The energy used to push the hook up and out of the way has not been considered. The spring is assumed to be ideal, where the torsion constant of the spring does not change with the angle.
The attached PDF document contains the equations which describe the simplified physical model of the rat trap. It shows how the equations of motion are determined, and it includes a spreadsheet of the system parameters and the performance for the rat trap. All the equations and concepts contained in the analysis apply for both the mouse trap and the rat trap.
I’ll just list a couple of the more important results for the rat trap here, and leave it to you to look at the PDF for more details.
The main thing I wanted to get from the analysis was a calculated value for the time to close, for comparison with the measured value.
Measured and Calculated Results for the Rat Trap:
T_close_measured = 23ms
These results agree reasonably well with the observation. It makes sense that the calculated value would predict a faster closing time, as it does not include any frictional forces that would reduce the speed.
The potential energy stored in the rat trap when set was calculated to be 3.16 Joules. That doesn’t seem like very much energy, but it is apparently enough to break a rat’s neck. I didn’t perform the calculations for the mouse trap, but the torsion constant of the spring would be much lower than that of the rat trap, so the energy needed to kill a mouse would be even less.九悟的小说：奋斗在红楼 我来做明帝 恰我少年时 重生之世家子弟 神豪从系统抽奖开始 明帝國的崛起 修真重生在高中
弘治十四年夏末秋初，宅男理科生张昭穿越来到明朝。 瑰丽的历史画卷徐徐展开。在这繁华，美好，欣欣向荣又潜藏着王朝危机的时代，张昭一路青云直上，手持权柄，上佐天子，外镇四夷，书写属于他的华彩乐章。 五千年的治乱循环，明亡后华夏文明的沉沦，我来了，这一切都将改变 最新章节简介： 笔神阁 www.bishen8.com
釜山。爱字阁 m.aizige.com夏雨淅淅沥沥的下了一夜。新建的简陋的港口码头上正在忙碌的劳工们早不见踪影。
码头建设早就外包给幽州商行。幽州商行管理还是很人性化的。不会任由来源复杂的各路劳工损耗掉。还有大把的基建工Year 2018 marks 100 years since Nelson Mandela’s birth.
In February 1990 the South African racist regime was left with no option but to free Mandela, a giant of a leader, living legend and symbol of the revolutionary struggle for a non-racial, democratic South Africa.
With the announcement of the release of Mandela, who had remained a prisoner of apartheid and had spent 27 years of incarceration in the fascist goal, a new chapter was opened in the long and bitter struggle by the majority of South African population against apartheid, racism, exploitation, cruelty and terror.
Mandela’s release was treated as a major victory of the South African people, who had rallied around the African National Congress – the nationalist party that derived its main strength from Mandela.
From prison, Mandela had led a a brave and courageous struggle against dehumanisation of the masses of South Africa. His release had opened up the new road to a non-racial South Africa. The then South African president De Klerk, who had ordered Mandela’s release and the racist ruling circles had done no favour to Mandela or the struggling masses. In fact the decision to release him was a direct culmination of the mass struggle and and the armed fight by the black majority that rallied around the ANC and was having full support of the international community. In fact, international pressure had its own role in putting pressure on De Klerk to open the prison gates.
A few months before his release, in October 1989, the ANC had warned the South African Government that it should unconditionally release , Mandela and hundreds of fighters who had been imprisoned for taking part in the struggle to end the ban on all people’s organisations. Of these demands, only on two major counts, the racist South African regime had paid any heed and it had responded by lifting the ban on ANC to prepare the stage for the release of Mandela.
In this way De Klerk had succeeded in creating an atmosphere of high expectations and intentions to arm the apologists of the South African regime to stave off more sanctions and the growing isolation of the regime. In this way, De Klerk could also defuse militancy and defiance of the majority through direct offensive that was witnessed on the roads of Pretoria and other parts of South AFrica soon after Mandela’s release. the continuing mass detentions, assassination of trade union leaders and harassment of sections of the mass democratic movement betrayed the regimes true intentions.
In the euphoria of Mandela’s release, apartheid continued to be in its place while scores of those fighting against apartheid continued to languish in jails. in those circumstances apartheid in all its manifestations remained in place.
The 1989 Tricameral elections in South Africa will be remembered nor fir the reverses suffered by the National Party but for the strikes , boycotts and the barricades,besides the fact that the South African people had voted for freedom, democracy and non-racialism. Even De Klerk, in his inaugural speech at that point of time had said that no white minority regime possessed either the will or the capacity to bring about fundamental changes in South Africa.
In this backdrop, the anti-people policies of the South African racist regime did not last long.
Mandela was released from prison on 11 February 1990 and was separated in 1992 from his wife Winnie Mandela, a South African anti-apartheid activist and politician who had served on the ANC’s National Executive Committee and headed its Women’s League. She was accused of exerting a “reign of terror”, and was “at the centre of an orgy of violence in Soweto.
South Africa has traveled a long road since the release of Mandela from prison in 1990. Recently South Africa was rocked by news about the Gupta family, that was counted among the richest in South Africa. The controversial family of the Guptas was more infamous than famous for its close ties with former President of South Africa Jacob Zuma and his family. The family was charged for racketeering, money laundering,and benefiting from the proceeds of unlawful activities, and acquiring, possessing or using the proceeds of unlawful activities in terms of the Prevention of Organized Crime Act (No. 121 of 1998); and submitting false, or untrue, tax returns in terms of the Tax Administration Act (No. 28 of 2011). The Gupta empire blew up with Zuma’s exit from presidency in February 2018.Restorative justice in schools
Over 24 schools in Oakland, California have implemented restorative justice programmes and these have had a measurable impact on school behaviour and educational outcomes by keeping children in class rather than sending them home as a disciplinary measure. They now plan to expand these to all their schools.
The district said they’ve documented a 60 percent increase in graduation rates and a 128 percent increase in reading levels for students at schools that use restorative justice.
Restorative practices include 'harm circles' which are used to facilitate a group discussion between the offending student and the people affected by his or her actions regarding the personal consequences created for all the parties involved when a conflict arises. This focuses on the harm that was created rather than punishing the behaviour or focusing on the rule that was broken. If someone breaks a rule or harms someone and they are just punished, there’s little or no learning going on compared with allowing students to understand the impact of what they’ve done and then seeking to make it right.
Schools that have implemented restorative justice disciplinary practices report that students now frequently ask for 'harm circles' rather than fighting to settle their differences.
This, along with other programs on positive behaviour, social and emotional learning, achievement, etc., meant that in the 2013-14 school year there were 49,987 fewer suspensions than in the previous year, down 15.2 percent. There were also 1,655 fewer expulsions in the same time frame, down roughly 20 percent. Before these programs were implemented, the single biggest cause of suspension or expulsion by percentage was 'wilful defiance'. In the 2013-14 school year, there was a 47.7 percent drop in the number of students expelled for defiance-related offenses.
Let's now travel to Edmonton, Canada.
Here they use the term 'talking circles' instead of 'harm circles' but their function is just the same. Everyone involved in an incident where a student acted up, will sit in a circle to discuss what happened, and how it affected them. The 'circle keeper' will summarize what happened to prompt the circle. They'll ask people to explain how the incident made them feel, and what effect it had on them. Only the person holding an object — the 'talking piece' — can speak, and no one has to speak if they don't want to. For meetings that involve more than a simple act of resolution, an agreement is devised and signed by all the participants. Staff check in with everyone later to see if they're upholding their end of the agreement.
Talking circles are happening all over Edmonton Public Schools. Each school decides how they'll use them.
Such restorative practices also avoid placing blame, which can help build more trusting relationships between students and school staff. Sending a student away from school further fractures their relationship with the people there, and is ineffective at addressing the problems underlying bad behaviour. Many of the children have stresses in their home life or stresses in their own functioning. Restorative practices give students a chance to repair any harm they've caused, whether it's facing the person they bullied or painting over the wall they graffitied.
Staff now routinely use small, informal circles to resolve minor conflicts. In the event of a more serious problem, like a fight or children bringing drugs to school, administrators organize a larger circle involving the student or students, supportive family members, school staff and any other relevant players.
One head recommended 10 students for expulsion in 2012-13. For the past two years, it's been zero.
What about the UK?
A report published by the Department for Education gave whole-school restorative approaches the highest rating of effectiveness at preventing bullying, with a survey of schools showing 97% rated restorative approaches as effective.
An independent evaluation of restorative justice in Bristol schools found that restorative justice improved school attendance and reduced exclusion rates.
In Barnet, an evaluation by the local authority found a reduction in exclusions of 51% in restorative justice trained schools compared to a 65% increase in exclusions in the thirty two Barnet schools that have received no restorative justice training. They also found increased confidence among school staff to deal with bullying and conflicts in the school.
See details from the Restorative Justice Council.
See Little Book of Restorative Discipline for Schools: Teaching Responsibility, Creating Caring Climates
Interestingly, this approach can also be used in the community to resolve anti-social behaviour and minor disputes. Could the local church take a lead?
Retweet about this article:Elon Musk twitterdan ‘annem’ diyerek paylaştığı fotoğrafla merak konusu oldu. Elon Musk’ın annesi Maye Musk 19 Nisan 1948 doğumlu. Diyetisyen olan Maye Musk, 50 yıldır modellik yapıyor. Güney Afrika ve Amerika vatandaşı olan Maye Musk, bir çok ABD’nin ünlü dergilerine haber olmuş biri…
Kanada doğumlu olan Maye Musk, ailesi 1950’de Güney Afrika’nın Pretoria kentine taşınınca orada büyümüş. 1969 Güney Afrika Güzeli güzellik yarışmasında finalist olan Maye Musk, 1970 yılında lisede tanıştığı Güney Afrikalı bir mühendis olan Errol Musk ile evlendi. Maye ve Errol Musk’un bu evlilikte üç çocukları oldu: Elon Musk , Kimbal Musk ve Tosca Musk.
Maye Musk , Güney Afrika’daki Orange Free State Üniversitesi’nden diyetetik alanında yüksek lisans derecesi aldı. Maye Musk diyetisyenlikle birlikte modellik kariyerine de devam etti ve 50 yıldır modellik yapıyor.
Maye Musk’ın evliliği uzun sürmedi ve
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gia, Danimarca, Israele, Grecia, Nuova Zelanda, Liechtenstein, ovvero in Paesi con una storia democratica relativamente recente come Ucraina, Corea del Sud o Bangladesh, ovvero ancora in Paesi dittatoriali come la Cina. La particolare articolazione della società italiana legittima la persistenza, ancorché ripensata, di un bicameralismo. Se dunque è necessario rilanciare la questione di una riforma del ruolo di Camera e Senato, non appare opportuno limitarsi a prospettare una diversa base elettorale per dare una maggiore rappresentanza ai territori. Si replicherebbero qui ad altro titolo i problemi delle competenze concorrenti fra Stato e regioni, con il rischio di una accentuata difficoltà a formare maggioranze coese.
LA GERMANIA
Appare piuttosto utile una riforma che distingua le competenze fra Camera e Senato. Sul punto una sintesi potrebbe facilmente raggiungersi posto che, ancorché in forme diverse, questa prospettiva accomunava la riforma del 2006 del Centrodestra e quella del 2016 del Partito Democratico. Si potrebbe per esempio immaginare, anche rivitalizzando la base elettorale regionale prevista dall'art. 57 per il Senato, che questa assemblea, sul modello del Bundesrat tedesco, conservi competenze legislative per tutte quelle materie di interesse regionale e per quelle materie di attuazione della legislazione europea che coinvolgono sempre più da vicino i territori, così che possa esserci un luogo di conciliazione e di sintesi degli interessi centrali e locali. La legislazione "nazionale", così come la fiducia al Governo dovrebbero invece spettare certamente alla sola Camera dei deputati. In questo nuovo contesto ben si inserirebbero basi elettorali differenti fra i due rami del Parlamento, così da favorire un dialogo ampio e potenzialmente bipartisan in settori che dovrebbero essere meno soggetti allo scontro politico e più legati alle concrete dinamiche dello sviluppo dei territori.Il 14 ottobre i 212 padri della 36ma Congregazione generale hanno eletto il venezuelano p. Arturo Sosa Abascal come trentesimo successore di sant’Ignazio. È il primo generale non europeo, anche se i tre suoi predecessori (Arrupe, Kolvenbach e Nicolás) avevano passato la loro vita in Oriente. Uno spostamento geografico e culturale in sintonia con il papato di Francesco e con i mutamenti profondi della Compagnia (16.740 membri) e della Chiesa cattolica.
Nato nel 1948 in una importante famiglia di Caracas (suo padre, che portava lo stesso nome, Arturo Sosa, è stato ministro del tesoro e dell’economia all’inizio degli anni ’80), fa i suoi studi di filosofia e teologia all’Università cattolica e poi si laurea in scienze politiche all’Università statale.
La sua formazione ignaziana fra la filosofia e la teologia lo vede presente in una comunità “inserita” a contatto diretto con i poveri. È stato introdotto al cristianesimo conciliare e alla teologia dei poveri emersa dall’assemblea continentale della Chiesa a Medellín (1968), senza peraltro nessun scontro con la famiglia di origine.
Come ci ha scritto un dehoniano venezuelano, p. Manuel Teixeira: «Con i suoi compagni si è recato a Roma per l’ultimo anno di teologia per ripensarla a partire dall’inserimento solidale coi poveri nel proprio paese, con un metodo rigoroso».
Nominato direttore del Centro Gumilla, direttore della rivista SIC e coordinatore dell’apostolato sociale della Compagnia nel paese, avvia una lunga stagione di insegnamento in diverse università del paese per poi diventare rettore all’Università cattolica di Tachira.
Una ventina le sue pubblicazioni e centinaia i suoi articoli. È stato professore anche al Centro studi per l’America Latina dell’università statunitense Georgetown University. Come direttore del Centro Gumilla «ha sviluppato il riferimento a una comunità popolare e a numerosi incontri con comunità di base con una rigorosa analisi storico-politica del paese, culminata nel suo lavoro di dottorato. Contemporaneamente accompagnava un gruppo di universitari per introdurli nell’ambito del servizio culturale e politico». Profondo conoscitore della storia del suo paese e dell’America Latina ha inizialmente guardato con benevolenza il tentativo politico di Chavez, per poi prenderne le distanze.
Fra il 1996 e il 2004 è stato provinciale dei gesuiti in Venezuela. Nel 2008 p. Nicolás lo nomina consigliere generale e assume il ruolo di delegato per le case interprovinciali della Compagnia a Roma. Dal 2014 fa parte della curia generalizia.
Nella sua prima omelia (15 ottobre) ha parlato dell’audacia dell’improbabile e dell’impossibile, sulla base della fede. «Conservare e sviluppare il corpo della Compagnia è strettamente legato alla profondità della vita spirituale di ciascuno dei suoi membri e delle comunità nelle quali condividiamo la vita e la missione con i compagni. Allo stesso tempo ci vuole una straordinaria profondità intellettuale per pensare creativamente i modi attraverso i quali il nostro servizio alla missione del Cristo Gesù può essere più efficace». E i gesuiti lo possono fare se collaborano con tutte le altre forze ecclesiali, «nella consapevolezza, proveniente dall’esperienza di Dio, di essere chiamati alla missione del Cristo Gesù, che non ci appartiene in esclusiva, ma che condividiamo con tanti uomini e donne consacrati al servizio degli altri». Membri di un corpo multiculturale non dobbiamo «smettere di proporre le domande pertinenti alla teologia e approfondire la comprensione della fede che chiediamo al Signore di aumentare in noi».
Con una battuta finale si può dire che è il primo generale “coi baffi”.جایگاه های سوخت CNGدر ساعات پیک ماه های تیر و مرداد، به منظور مدیریت مصرف برق دو ساعت تعطیل می شوند.
به گزارش ایسنا، طبق اعلام توانیر، در راستای مدیریت انرژی در ایام گرم سال و پیشگیری از خاموشی مشترکان خانگی، با هماهنگی صورت گرفته با شرکت ملی پخش فراورده های نفتی ایران، جایگاه داران سوخت CNGدر تیر و مرداد ماه سال جاری از ساعات ۱۲ الی ۱۴ یا ۱۴ الی ۱۶ نسبت به قطع کامل برق از شبکه و تعطیلی جایگاه های CNG اقدام خواهند کرد.
گفتنی است؛ جایگاه داران سوخت CNGکه در این طرح همکاری لازم را انجام دهند از تشویق های طرح مدیریت بار برخوردار خواهند شد.
همچنین برای اطلاع شهروندان، پیش از آغاز طرح، از طریق رسانه های جمعی و نصب بنر در محل جایگاه ها اقدام خواهد شد. با اجرای این طرح برنامه ریزی شده و همکاری جایگاه داران سوخت CNGبا برنامه های پاسخگوئی بار شرکت توزیع برق تبریز جهت گذر از پیک مصرف برق، تبعات احتمالی تعطیلی جایگاه های CNG وقطع برق ناخواسته ی آنان کاهش می یابد.Download or read book Once Only Once and in the Right Place written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-12-16 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The usefulness of the U.S. decennial census depends critically on the accuracy with which individual people are counted in specific housing units, at precise geographic locations. The 2000 and other recent censuses have relied on a set of residence rules to craft instructions on the census questionnaire in order to guide respondents to identify their correct "usual residence." Determining the proper place to count such groups as college students, prisoners, and military personnel has always been complicated and controversial; major societal trends such as placement of children in shared custody arrangements and the prevalence of "snowbird" and "sunbird" populations who regularly move to favorable climates further make it difficult to specify ties to one household and one place. Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place reviews the evolution of current residence rules and the way residence concepts are presented to respondents. It proposes major changes to the basic approach of collecting residence information and suggests a program of research to improve the 2010 and future censuses.لینک کوتاه اشتراک گذاری
سلام دوستان چند تا سوال داشتم
اول این که چجور می تونم برای اسکریپتی ک نوشتم حالا فرضا cms باشه یا هر اسکریپتی، چطور می تونم برای یک نصب قرار بدم که کاربر بتونه خودش نصبش کنه. بهترین راه چیه.
سوال بعدی اینکه بهترین پکیج برای مدیریت کاربران در لاراول به نظرتون کدومه که سطح دسترسی ها رو کامل پشتیبانی کنه
و برای ساختار درختی که مثلا همین مدیریت کاربران یا گروه ها رو بتونم داخل قرار بدم هم پکیجی هست یا نه؟
ممنون.Ehler’s Danlos is a group of inheritable connective tissue disorders related to the formation of collagen. EDS was named by two physicians, Edvards Ehlers and Henri-Alexandre Danlos, in the 1900’s. Hypermobile Ehler’s Danlos (hEDS) is the least severe type of Ehler’s Danlos, but it can still be a debilitating and cause a lot of serious problems. HEDS used to be referred to as Ehler’s Danlos III or type 3, but that terminology is being phased out. Most of the problems that arise from hEDS are skeletomuscular in nature, but because collagen is incredibly important throughout the body other serious problems may arise.
Collagen is a connective tissue that acts as the “glue” keeping our bodies together. Genetic alteration of EDS at the molecular level also leads to weakened defective connective tissue within the hEDS.
Hypermobile Ehler’s Danlos ranges in how it affects people. Sometimes it can cause small problems or it can be debilitating and completely disabling. HEDS is an invisible illness; you usually cannot tell someone has hEDS simply by looking at them.
HEDS causes more problems in women because they are typically already more flexible than men. Female hormones may also worsen joint laxity. Between 1 in 5,000 and 1 in 20,000 people have hEDS and experts think that it is largely under-diagnosed. hEDS may be the most prevalent inheritable connective tissue disorder.
Unlike other types of Ehler’s Danlos, there is not yet a genetic test that can effectively diagnose Ehler’s Danlos III. Usually, the Beighton score is used along with a family and patient history to diagnose hEDS. Anything above a five out of nine on the scale is usually considered a positive result. Minor Diagnostic Criteria, as follows, are also important in the diagnosis of hEDS.
“Minor Diagnostic Criteria for the Hypermobility Type of EDS
- Family history of similar features without significant skin or soft tissue fragility in a pattern consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance
- Recurrent joint dislocations or subluxations
- Chronic joint or limb pain
- Easy bruising
- Functional bowel disorders (functional gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome)
- Neurally mediated hypotension or postural orthostatic tachycardia
- High, narrow palate
- Dental crowding “
Before seeing a geneticist, Classical EDS and hEDS may be hard to differentiate. More temperate cases of classical EDS may be misdiagnosed as hEDS initially. Because the two conditions have different common complications receiving a correct diagnosis is crucial for treatment.
It is generally agreed upon that hEDS is passed on in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that the passing of hEDS is not linked to one gender or the other and that only one parent must have hEDS for their children to as well. It also means that those with hEDS have a 50% of passing it on to their children.
People with hEDS almost always have one parent with EDS as well. In some cases, Ehler’s Danlos can be well-managed in one generation and a disaster in the next. For example, my maternal grandmother and mother both get a high score on the Beighton test and meet the diagnostic criteria for hEDS but have never been diagnosed with hEDS.
In more rare cases a de novo mutation (basically a brand new mutation) may arise; patients may have hEDS without biological ancestor’s having the condition. Some cases of hEDS have had a genetic factor linked to their condition, TNXB, but not all patients with hEDS have “haploinsufficiency of tenascin-X (encoded by TNXB) associated with EDS.”
The Ehler’s Danlos Network claims that Ehler’s Danlos can also be passed on in an autosomal recessive pattern. It is also suggested that carriers of this autosomal recessive hEDS may have symptoms of hEDS but without “skin hyperextensibility, easy bruising, or other hematologic manifestations.”
The genetics behind EDS can be complicated, but usually hEDS is passed along in an autosomal dominant fashion with these few exceptions. When these exceptions happen we may see hEDS without a family history or some strange cases of recessive carriers having symptoms.
- Anxiety and depression are common in hEDS and are exacerbated by poor sleep and pain.
- Migraines are prevalent with hEDS patients.
- There seems to be a higher occurrence of terrible vision in hEDS. HEDS sufferers are more likely to have an eye prescription of worse than -6.0.
- Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) is a type of Dysautonomia (dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system) commonly seen in hEDS sufferers. There is speculation that hEDS is one of the important causes of POTS.
- Inner ear problems in hEDS patients lead to balance problems and potential hearing problems.
- Neuropathic pain, pain caused by damaged nerve fibers, also occurs in hEDS patients.
- HEDS patients routinely suffer through subluxations and dislocations. These joints that “pop out of place” may be large joints of small joints.
- Tendonitis and bursitis are also common in hEDS.
- Degenerative joint disease (DJD) is more likely to occur at a younger age in hEDS.
- Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ) are also more likely to occur.
- Iliotibial band syndrome or “snapping hip syndrome” is commonplace in hEDS patients.
- Osteoporosis, especially at a younger age than expected, is also a frequent manifestation of hEDS.
- HEDS patients are more likely to walk slowly and to have a shorter gait than their peers due to joint pain and problems.
- Bowel and digestive problems are often seen in Ehler’s Danlos. A few prevalent comorbid (conditions occurring together) conditions are IBS, gastroparesis, acid reflux.
- HEDS patients often have veiny skin that is velvety, stretchy, thin, and soft without moisturizer.
- Slowed healing and scarring is also often seen with hEDS.
- HEDS patients are more likely to have molluscoid pseudotumors, fleshy lesions associated with scars.
- Ehler’s Danlos patients are at a higher risk of prolapse, especially uterine prolapse, and in general.
- Dental crowding and periodontal disease are common in hEDS patients.
- Sleep impairment, usually caused by joint pain, is a common symptom of hEDS.
- Hernias are more likely to occur in hEDS populations.
Hematological & Cardiovascular
- Easy bruising or bruising with no obvious cause is common in Ehler’s Danlos.
- Aneurysms are more frequent in EDS populations compared to the general population.
- Hematological manifestations of hEDS mimic von Willebrand disease and can lead to hypocoagulability (blood that takes longer to clot).
- Raynaud syndrome and acrocyanosis, the fingers, face, or toes turning blue or white due to poor blood flow, is accepted as a usual occurrence.
- Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is more common in hEDS patients.
- Aortic dilation is also commonly seen in hEDS patients.
To be frank, I find treatment options for hEDS pathetic. The best options we have are physical therapy and low-impact exercises such as swimming or pilates. However, there are very few physical therapists who actually know of hEDS and can help without worsening symptoms. Many physical therapists incorporate stretching, some of which is a terrible idea if you have hEDS. It is important to have a physical therapist who won’t make you worse. There is a book for physical therapists, but the tiny thing is $70- inaccessible for many people bombarded by medical bills.
Managing pain is one of the primary goals in treating hEDS. However, pain treatment is controversial. Experts and patients argue over the effectiveness and safety of using opiates, marijuana, and even anti- inflammatory medicine for long-term use in hEDS. More research needs to be done on what helps hEDS patients most.
Mobility assistance devices and braces can also help some patients. Everyone knows about ankle, wrist, and knee braces. With hEDS, you learn about the strange braces and splints- like ring splints for finger joints or hip braces. These devices are incredibly helpful for many but incredibly expensive. A single ring splint for a single joint on the fingers averages $50 and thumb splints can be hundreds of dollars.
Occupational therapists are sometimes recommended for hEDS. They can help teach how to conserve energy, fight fatigue, and think of solutions for problems caused by your chronic illness. Even with treatment many hEDS patients have trouble working. Therapy is also suggested to learn how to live with and deal with this condition and the depression that often accompanies chronic pain.
It is common for people to degenerate as they get older; aches and pains get worse with passing years. The good news is that hEDS patient’s joints get less loose as they age. The bad news is that in every other way you get worse with age with hEDS. HEDS is a lifelong disease.
Arthritis and degenerative joint disease are seen much earlier in life and, therefore, are given the opportunity to get much much worse. For example, I was diagnosed with DJD in my hip at 18; at 24 my DJD is even worse. I’ve been told to expect it to become harder to manage as I age.
All the literature suggests that hEDS does not affect life span. However, a life-threatening complication, aneurysms, are more commonly found in hEDS than the population. I am not sure what to make of this contradicting evidence so interpret its meaning as you like.
Quality of Life & My Experience
If you have read the symptoms for this condition it may not take a detective to figure out that hEDS can lead to a worsened quality of life. Joint pain is the most common complaint among hEDS sufferers. Pain is severe enough to hugely lessen our quality of life. Constant pain in multiple joints, dislocations, and easy injury is exhausting to cope through.
My experience with hEDS has been terrible and incredibly painful. In the past 72 hours I have dislocated/ subluxated/ hurt somehow my left hip, my right shoulder, my right thumb, my right wrist, and my left ankle. Popping joints in and out leads to a lot of
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唐格拉尔不愧为军中仅次于格林维尔的猛将，刚一交手便展现出了惊人的实力。他的斗气已经接近了深紫色，显然已经达到了上阶黄金骑士的级别，而他的剑招虽然虽然以刚猛为主，处处大开大阖，犹如万马奔腾，却又严谨异常，几乎毫无破绽可言。再加上他那不弱于兽人族的天生神力，使得蓝京的许多妙招都无法发挥出应有的威力，没多久便被唐格拉尔逼得渐入下风！
蓝京越战越惊，开始他见唐格拉尔使用一把巨型长剑，以为他是个纯“力量型”的猛将，只要自己尽展妙招，定然能够找出他的破绽，将其一举击杀。却没想到对方的剑术竟然也如此高明，自己出尽全力竟然还是被他压得处处受制。如此一来，落败是迟早的事！
“哐～”两人的武器再次交击在一起，而这次并没有像以往那般马上分离，因为唐格拉尔的剑上竟然传来一股怪力，将蓝京的骑士枪牢牢粘住！就在蓝京稍微愣神之际，镶嵌在唐格拉尔剑柄上的那颗透明水晶突然间发出了刺眼的强光。
“不好！”在强光的照射下，蓝京的双目竟然在瞬间处于失明的状态，而唐格拉尔巨剑上的那股粘力也瞬间消失，枪剑再次分离。紧接着，他感到一股刚猛至极的剑气向自己劈来，而突然失明的他竟然无法辨认剑气袭来的方向！情急之下他只能再次跃离马背，向后飞了出去！
“噗！”血雾飞溅，那匹战马竟然被唐格拉尔直上直下的从中间劈为两半！而蓝京也没有完全幸免，他的左腿被划出一道一尺来长的血口，而更糟糕的是，他的视力仍然没有完全恢复。
“嗤～”唐格拉尔再次向他劈出三道剑气，蓝京左支右绌，最后在地上滚了好几米方躲开对方的攻击，不过右肩仍然受了不清的伤势。此时虽然恢复了视力，但由于那两处剑伤均严重妨碍了他的活动能力，使得他几乎丧失了再战的能力。
“小子，吃我最后一招―――虎牙斩！”唐格拉尔大吼一声，强猛的剑气夹杂着“噼啪噼啪”的声响，如猛虎出栅般地向蓝京袭去，仿佛要将后者撕裂一般！而它击出的角度更是另后者避无可避！
蓝京由于失血过多，早已头昏眼花，根本没有力气接下这气贯山河的一击，只能闭目等死。宋起已然被对手牢牢缠住，早已自顾不暇，而加尔·福特城主几乎可以说是个文官，更是无力相救。就在这时――
“无双斩！”一道弯月形的剑气悄无声息的从蓝京的斜后方袭了过来，虽然没有破空之声，但它所蕴含的能量却令人不敢轻视！
“轰！”两道剑气终于撞在一起，一时间，烟尘弥漫，而唐格拉尔的“虎牙斩”竟然被那道突如其来的剑气硬生生的击散了！好惊人的威势！
烟尘散尽，蓝京依旧安然无恙地站在原地，而他的身旁却不知何时多出了一个银发金瞳的英俊少年，他手持长剑，一身亮银铠甲，显得英气逼人，他身周同样被一层深紫色的斗气包围着，可颜色却比唐格拉尔纯得多，显然已经达到了大剑师顶级的修为，再加上他那单人独剑，视千军万马如无物的英雄气概，更是宛如战神降世一般，令人不敢逼视！
一时间，双方都被他的气势所震，而忘了说话。
“阁下何人？”过了好一会儿，唐格拉尔才从刚刚的震惊中恢复过来，虽然无法探清对方的真正实力，可单从对方轻而易举便将自己的全力发出的剑气击溃来看，他就断定眼前这个少年的实力绝对不低于自己，甚至极有可能在自己之上。
“约翰王国第三军团万骑长――星羽·迪斯！”我从容不迫地说道。شرکت فنی مهندسی پترو ایمن شریف در سال 1389 توسط تعدادی از مهندسان و متخصصان فارغ التحصیل دانشگاه های برتر ایران که اعتقاد به شعار خواستن آفریدن است و با نکته شتابنده در حرکت های علمی در زمینه محیط زیست بنیان گذاشته شده است. در دهه اول تاسیس شرکت، تمرکز فعالیت ها بر روی برگزاری دوره های آموزشی به ویژه در بخش محیط زیست بوده است که ماحصل آن اجرای موفقیت آمیز بیش از 150 پروژه فنی و مهندسی و 300 هزار نفر ساعت آموزش تخصصی و همکاری و عضویت در مراکز رشد دانشگاه تهران و مراکز رشد دانشگاه صنعت نفت را در کارنامه خود نیز به همراه دارد.
از ابتدای سال 1397 مطالعات مربوط به مدیریت پسماند روغن سوخته خوراکی آغاز گردید و پس از طی حدود یک سال، با بهره گیری از تجربیات نهادهای علمی در داخل و خارج از کشور و همچنین بررسی نمونه های موفق موجود به ویژه در کشورهای توسعه یافته، این شرکت موفق به بومی سازی فرآیند جمع آوری و فرآورش روغن سوخته خوراکی در کشور دست یافت. در ادامه از سال 1398 با تاسیس دو واحد صنعتی جمع آوری روغن سوخته خوراکی، این شرکت اقدام به عملیاتی نمودن مدیریت این توع پسماند در کشور (به عنوان اولین واحد صنعتی) نمود.
حاصل تلاش این مجموعه تاکنون احداث دو کارخانه در شهرک صنعتی اشتهارد (استان البرز) و خرید باسابقه ترین کارخانه مدیریت پسماند روغن با سابقه فعالیت 24 سال در این عرصه در شهرک صنعتی چرم شهر (استان تهران)، احداث نمایندگی در بیش از 50 شهر در راستای جمع آوری این نوع از پسماند و پوشش تمامی استان های کشور اشاره نمود و اشتغال زایی برای بیش از 250 نفر در سراسر کشور بوده است.
سیر تکاملی شرکت پترو ایمن شریف در اهم فعالیت ها
学大一对一教育，告诉你必考的数学知识
比和比例
1.比的意义和性质
(1)比的意义
两个数相除又叫做两个数的比。
“：”是比号，读作“比”。比号前面的数叫做比的前项，比号后面的数叫做比的后项。比的前项除以后项所得的商，叫做比值。
同除法比较，比的前项相当于被除数，后项相当于除数，比值相当于商。
比值通常用分数表示，也可以用小数表示，有时也可能是整数。
比的后项不能是零。
根据分数与除法的关系，可知比的前项相当于分子，后项相当于分母，比值相当于分数值。
(2)比的性质
比的前项和后项同时乘上或者除以相同的数(0除外)，比值不变，这叫做比的基本性质。
(3)求比值和化简比
求比值的方法：用比的前项除以后项，它的结果是一个数值可以是整数，也可以是小数或分数。
根据比的基本性质可以把比化成最简单的整数比。它的结果必须是一个最简比，即前、后项是互质的数。
(4)比例尺
图上距离：实际距离=比例尺
要求会求比例尺;已知图上距离和比例尺求实际距离;已知实际距离和比例尺求图上距离。
线段比例尺：在图上附有一条注有数目的线段，用来表示和地面上相对应的实际距离。
(5)按比例分配
在农业生产和日常生活中，常常需要把一个数量按照一定的比来进行分配。这种分配的方法通常叫做按比例分配。
方法：首先求出各部分占总量的几分之几，然后求出总数的几分之几是多少。“捷足行动”中被捕的非法劳工。
紫荆网9月18日香港报道：香港特区政府入境事务处展开代号“捷足行动”的反非法劳工行动，入境处特遣队人员搜查了六间按摩店，共拘捕十三名非法劳工及三名涉嫌聘用非法劳工的人士。
被捕的非法劳工为十三名女子，年龄介乎二十二至五十一岁。当中一名女子持有不允许雇佣工作的担保书（俗称“行街纸”）。因涉嫌聘用非法劳工被捕的雇主则为三名女子，年龄介乎三十三至四十九岁。
入境处发言人表示，任何人违反对他有效的逗留条件，即属犯罪。同时，所有旅客在未获入境处处长批准前，无论受薪与否，均不得从事任何雇佣工作。违例者会遭检控，一经定罪，最高刑罚为罚款五万港元及监禁两年。协助及教唆者同罪。
发言人重申，雇用不可合法受雇的人是严重罪行，一经定罪，最高可被判监禁三年及罚款三十五万港元。高等法院曾就此颁布判刑指引，聘用非法劳工的雇主须被判即时入狱。根据法院判例，任何人士在决定聘用一名雇员前，必须采取一切切实可行的步骤以确定有关雇员是可合法受雇。除了查阅雇员的身份证外，该人亦负有明确的责任向雇员作出查询，而雇员提供的任何答案不会令该人对雇用有关雇员的合法性产生合理怀疑，否则法院不会接纳以此作为免责辩护。如求职者没有香港永久性居民身份证，雇主亦必须查阅求职者的有效旅行证件，违例者经定罪后，最高可被判监禁一年及罚款十五万港元。به گزارش ایبِنا؛ سفیر ایران در روسیه از گفتگوی دو کشور برای صادرات خودروهای ایرانی به روسیه خبر داد.
کاظم جلالی گفت: بعضی از خودروهای تولید روسیه در بازار ایران وجود دارد و امیدواریم که خودروهای ساخت ایران نیز به بازار روسیه راه یابد.
وی افزود طرفین در حال مذاکره درباره ساخت مشترک خودرو هم هستند. سفیر ایران در روسیه گفت: یکی از راههای تعامل دو کشور در حوزه صنعت، همکاری در زمینه خودرو است و در ۴۳ سال گذشته از زمانی که غرب تحریمهایی بر تهران اعمال کرده؛ ایران پیشرفت و توسعه بسیار خوبی در حوزه تولید خودرو و قطعات آن داشته است.First, you should install CMake on your system, if it is not already present. On RHEL and CentOS, type:
# yum install cmake
On Debian/Ubuntu type:
# apt-get install cmake
Next, install any dependencies required by the program. There should be a list of them in the README or INSTALL file. If not, you might need to check the program’s documentation.
Next, you should navigate to the directory containing the cmake files and create a build directory, and then change to that directory:
$ mkdir build
$ cd build
Then, simply run CMake:
$ cmake ..
You can consult the CMake documentation for available options. For example, to select a build type, you would pass an option like this:
cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
Once CMake has generated the buildscripts, you should run Make as you normally would.
And finally, install the program:
# make install
For more information about CMake as well as full developer information, visit the CMake resources website.
- Building Programs from Source on a Linux Server
- Listening for Programs on Server Ports
- How to Build a Chroot Environment in CentOS
- Using A Cluster Server To Build A Supercomputer
- Build an Open Source Private or Hybrid Cloud with EucalyptusAvendo acquisito ampia popolarità all'inizio del 19 ° secolo, l'interno dello stile Impero rappresenta la celebrazione trionfale militare cerimoniale dello stile imperiale in tutta la sua gloria. La patria di questo stile sofisticato è la Francia, che è ancora considerata il trendsetter della moda mondiale. Poiché questo era il periodo d'oro del regno di Napoleone, il pomposo stile impero nell'interno è spesso chiamato classicismo napoleonico. Ha vari elementi di araldica militare, corone d'alloro del vincitore e pareti decorate con lance incrociate o spade. Nella casa imperiale l'interno dovrebbe essere degno di persone reali. Lusso e pathos, gloria e potenza militare, superiorità e dimostrazione di grandezza - questo è ciò che distingue lo stile dell'Impero dagli altri.
Caratteri generali dello stile
Contemporaneamente per lo stile Impero Le campagne militari dei francesi in Africa e in Europa hanno avuto una forte influenza, pertanto, elementi architettonici ed elementi decorativi della cultura dei diversi paesi coesistono serenamente in esso. La base di questo stile è il neoclassicismo, cioè la massività e la monumentalità. Inoltre, l'interno è decorato con colonne, sfingi, ornamenti e rilievi. Certamente, la casa dovrebbe avere stanze spaziose, finestre e soffitti alti.
Le caratteristiche principali dello stile Impero sono:
La decorazione classica delle pareti è l'uso di tessuti costosi (seta o broccato), ma è possibile incollare sulle pareti e carta da parati strutturata, imitando il tessuto di seta, raffigurante simboli militari, foreste africane o con un ornamento rigoroso. Decorare le pareti fatte di murali artistici, medaglioni, bassorilievi, cornici, archi, pilastri e colonne.
Focus sull'illuminazione
Un lussuoso cristallo dovrebbe essere posizionato al centro del soffitto un lampadario, attorno al quale è decorato il soffitto con stucchi artistici decorati o un bellissimo ornamento in gesso con doratura. Il soffitto è solitamente dipinto in avorio o in bianco classico.
Il parquet in legno pregiato con un disegno complesso aggiungerà una raffinatezza speciale agli interni. Inoltre, il pavimento può essere decorato con mosaici in marmo con motivi greco-romani in motivi e immagini artistiche.
Tende stile impero
Le finestre sono decorate come tende dalla luce tessuti di seta, bordati con frangia e nappe di drappeggi di velluto a più strati. Le tende a colori devono corrispondere alle tonalità imperiali, come il viola e l'oro. Sul tessuto permise la presenza di simboli militari e disegni dorati.
Le stanze in stile impero sono realizzate nei colori rosso, blu, blu e bianco. Come accenti di colore, di regola, usa l'oro.
L'interno dello stile Impero comporta l'uso di materiali naturali costosi. Questi includono legno, marmo, cristallo, oro, argento, bronzo.
Caratteristiche mobili
Ogni mobile in stile Impero è progettato per sottolineare l'ambizioso interno sfarzo. Di regola, sono mobili pesanti di massicce forme di mogano lapidario con superfici lisce in legno lucido, intarsiati con foglie d'oro e intagli artistici. Le gambe dei mobili possono essere realizzate in vari stili: nella forma di cigni, sfingi, zampe di un leone, così come nella forma di colonne romane, pilastri e un motivo simmetrico. Nel migliore dei modi a mobili interni di antiquariato così costosi.
La decorazione di ogni stanza in stile Impero sarà senza dubbio una vecchia cassettiera, una credenza stretta o una vetrina, un tavolo da servizio rotondo e, naturalmente, un elegante divano con un elegante retro ricurvo.
La completezza verso l'interno è sempre associata a piccoli oggetti squisiti:
Ore di tempo Napoleone
Vasi con dipinto
Candy
Se riflettete attentamente su tutte le sfumature e i dettagli, lo stile impero costoso e rispettabile si adatterà perfettamente all'appartamento di un layout moderno.
Ulteriori dettagli sulle funzionalità dello stile Impero sono descritti nel seguente video:
Bagno
La simmetria dello stile
Impero russo
Candlesticks
Mobili per il soggiorno
Set di sedute
Impero nella camera da letto
Impero con accenti scuri打开打印机属性 选择打印首选项里选择 EconoMode(节省粉墨) 并将打印质量选择300 DPI 在详细资料里选择打印图像更淡
把硒鼓的挡粉片调小一点就行了，不过不会的还是不要动的好。
图片颜色鲜艳打印出来就鲜艳，打印的时候多少都会与屏幕颜色有偏差。 如果是颜色特别明显的不对，那就是打印机的问题了。
1. 在“打印机和传真”窗口中，右键点击当前打印机图标，选择“打印首选项”菜单项。
2. 在“打印首选项”窗口中，点击“纸张/质量”选项卡，点选“经济模式（可节省打印碳粉）”选项，然后点击“确定”按钮。فهرست مطالب این مقاله:
رک سرور که به عنوان کابین سرور نیز شناخته می شود، کابینی است که سرور و سایر تجهیزات شبکه در آن نگهداری می شود.
سرور امکان ذخیره سازی فایل ها و داده ها را فراهم می کند. از وبلاگ ها و وب سایت ها گرفته تا فایل های بازی های اینترنت، همه و همه در سرور ذخیره می شوند. مطابق استاندارد صنعت، رک سرور 50 سانتیمتر عرض دارد و ارتفاع آن همیشه بستگی به تعداد سرور یا سایر تجهیزات موجود در آن دارد.
مزایای استفاده از رک سرور چیست؟
استفاده از رک در اتاق سرور یا دیتا سنتر مزایای زیادی دارد که در ادامه به چند مورد از آن ها اشاره می کنیم.
امکان توسعه را فراهم می کند
یک رک سرور خوب نه تنها در صورت لزوم فرصت گسترش را فراهم می کند، بلکه قادر است وزن تجهیزات اضافی را نیز تحمل کند.
یک رک سرور مناسب باید قابل تنظیم باشد. قابل تنظیم بودن این امکان را به مالک می دهد تا بدون نیاز به تهیه قفسه های اضافی، فضای کافی برای تغییرات سرور
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that’s ineffective or that has really bad side effects. So the fact that there is such a race in this field to achieve a working vaccine is good, because it gives us a wider range of options.
JOHN DANKOSKY: And we’ll be talking more about vaccine distribution in the US and some of the challenges that we’ll be facing coming up later this hour. Now, one of the big things right now before everyone’s been vaccinated is following some of the restrictions. And you’ve got a story this week about who is and who isn’t likely to comply and why. Maybe you can tell us about that.
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: So researchers surveyed about 60,000 people living in 30 countries to try to figure out, what is underlying this refusal to follow public health guidelines such as wearing a mask and keeping your distance from people? And they made a few interesting conclusions. One was that as much as we’ve been tsk-tsking this idea that young people are disregarding coronavirus rules, the fact is that this is not related to age.
One big indicator is, all of these countries, the majority of people thought that economic damage from lockdowns was something to worry about more than the risk of actually getting COVID. So that shows that one of the motivations for maybe going out and continuing life is that you have to work. And so if you want to be able to combat that, you need to make sure that people are provided for economically.
Another issue is something that we’ve seen throughout, which is that political polarization absolutely plays a role. In the United States, people who identify as conservative are more likely to flout the rules and consider that they’re not necessary. And part of that is due to political messaging from people on the conservative side of the spectrum.
JOHN DANKOSKY: So political messaging is going to be really important. And just more informational messaging– that’s one of the ways to improve compliance.
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: Yes. Transparency is important, because trust in the source of the information is going to play a big role in whether people are willing to go along with it. So for people who have had a higher trust in government, they were more likely to follow the government’s rules about this.
JOHN DANKOSKY: All right, let’s turn away from Earth for a second. This week, there was a homecoming for a space capsule that was returning from an asteroid. So tell us about this.
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: This is very exciting. The Hayabusa2 mission returned a capsule this past weekend that contained samples of the asteroid Ryugu. And this is only the second time that we’ve had samples from an asteroid return.
The first time was the first Hayabusa mission. And one of the cool things that researchers are hoping to figure out from these samples has to do with the origin of a type of tiny rock called a chondrule, which these chondrules are found in meteorites and asteroids. And the question is, how did they form? And the answer could tell us how the planets in our solar system formed, as well.
JOHN DANKOSKY: And this is something that people have been studying for quite some time. One of the interesting things in the story that you brought us is almost everybody who studies these things has a different idea about where they come from, what they mean.
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: Yes. And some of the ideas for how they might have formed are very cool. Like, one idea is that there may have been lightning that struck dust and fused it into these chondrules. Another idea is that there were pressure waves in this cloud of cosmic dust that kind of pushed them together.
And these are pretty small objects we’re talking about. They range from maybe a couple millimeters wide to so small that you need a microscope to see them. But they are so common in asteroids and meteorites but not in planets. So by studying them, researchers can learn more about what was going on in the early solar system. Because these objects date back about 4.5 billion years.
JOHN DANKOSKY: I want to talk about your next story, which is really cool. It’s about an improved bionic eye. I didn’t know that bionic eyes were so well developed.
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: Bionic eyes are still in their early stages. But this project is definitely a step forward, I would say. It was tested in two monkeys.
And the concept behind a bionic eye is that you can put electrodes either on the surface of or slightly in the visual cortex of the brain and use them to stimulate the brain and to make the person to whom that brain belongs “see” something. I say see in quote marks, because you don’t necessarily even actually have to have a camera to do this. You could be stimulating the electrode artificially.
JOHN DANKOSKY: So do we know what sort of shapes people would actually be able to see? Again, these are monkeys where these tests are being done. But what exactly would this vision look like?
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: So this particular study is a new one from researchers in the Netherlands. And it involved stimulating monkeys’ brains. And actually, they could see letters.
So the monkeys were trained to recognize letters. And then the electrodes in their brains were stimulated to create the shape of those letters. And they were able to recognize it, which is very cool.
JOHN DANKOSKY: I’m showing my age here. But I think about the Six Million Dollar Man and his bionic eye. So maybe we’ll get there someday.
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: There’s bionic eye projects out there– so maybe someday in the distant future.
JOHN DANKOSKY: In the distant future. Now, we know that rest is important. But you’ve got a story about how rest might be important even if you’re artificial intelligence.
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: This is very interesting. Researchers are trying to develop artificial intelligences, these neural networks, that actually mimic– they work similarly to the way that human brains work. So we’re not talking about all AIs here. We’re talking about a specific type of AI.
And researchers were studying it. And they found that it started hallucinating almost. It started creating these random images sort of like the way that a human being who is extremely sleep deprived might hallucinate and have an issue like this. But they could sort of reset the AI by playing a static noise through it sort of the way that deep sleep moves through the human brain. And when they did this, the AI recovered, so to speak, and functioned better again.
JOHN DANKOSKY: So that makes so much sense from a human standpoint. Of course, we need a rest if we want to function well. What do we know about why this would help AI?
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: When they talk about making the AI sleep, it’s not like putting a computer to sleep. When you put your computer to sleep, it’s just turned off or paused. When they make this AI undergo a sort of artificial sleep, they’re really stimulating it but with random noise in a certain way. And so that actually tells us a little bit of something about AI that works like brains. But it also tells us about human brains, about some of the reasons that it’s important to get a good night’s sleep and to achieve this deep sleep where the brain is allowed to almost reset itself.
JOHN DANKOSKY: Always a good tip, especially around the holidays. And speaking of the holidays, one last story here. It’s always a time at which we collect a lot of stuff, stuff that comes under the Christmas tree or whatever. There’s news this week about just how much stuff we as a species have actually created. And it’s a lot, Sophie.
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: We have created so much stuff that it now outweighs all life on Earth.
JOHN DANKOSKY: What!
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: So if you take all the living biomass, all the plants, all the insects, all the humans, all the other animals and compare that– if you weigh that against all the stuff that people have made, your smartphones, your houses, your coffee mug, human stuff weighs in at about 1.1 trillion metric tons. And it’s now surpassed the weight of life.
JOHN DANKOSKY: So, how did we measure this?
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: So part of this is an approximation, researchers estimating how many artificial objects are on Earth and then how much they would weigh. And they compare it to how many living creatures are on Earth. And how much did they weigh?
And one of the really interesting things is just the short time period in which this has changed. So they estimate that, in about 1900, the amount of artificial stuff was equivalent to about 3% of the world’s biomass. And now, today, it’s surpassed 100%.
JOHN DANKOSKY: Wow.
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: Because we just keep making stuff. They think that, about every week, we create stuff that weighs as much as every human on Earth.
JOHN DANKOSKY: I have to admit, whenever I saw this story, the first thing I thought of was the beginning of the animated film, WALL-E, where he’s picking up all those little blocks of garbage and just stacking them higher and higher and higher. It feels like we’re getting to that point.
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: We are creating a lot of trash in this way, right? Because everything that is created that comes to the end of its useful life then gets discarded. So yes, I think that picturing this sort of like the opening to WALL-E is not inaccurate. It also gives us a sense of just how much humans are changing the planet, are affecting the planet. Because we now are able to create enough stuff to outweigh life.
JOHN DANKOSKY: Wow. Well, we have run out of time. Thanks so much for chatting with me, Sophie. I really appreciate it.
SOPHIE BUSHWICK: My pleasure.
JOHN DANKOSKY: Sophie Bushwick is technology editor at Scientific American in New York.
John Dankosky works with the radio team to create our weekly show, and is helping to build our State of Science Reporting Network. He’s also been a long-time guest host on Science Friday. He and his wife have four cats, thousands of bees, and a yoga studio in the sleepy Northwest hills of Connecticut.Professor Pedro J.J. Alvarez from Rice University, gave a lecture on May 27, 2019 titled “Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment: A Vision to Enable Decentralized Water Treatment and Address Growing Challenges of the Water Energy Nexus”.
Through control over material size, morphology and chemical structure, nanotechnology offers novel materials that are nearly “all surface” and that can be more reactive per atom than bulk materials. Such engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) can offer superior catalytic, adsorptive, optical, quantum, electrical and/or antimicrobial properties that enable multi-functional technology platforms for next-generation water treatment. This presentation addressed emerging opportunities for nanotechnology to improve the selectivity and efficiency to remove priority pollutants, decrease electrical energy requirements, and meet a growing need for safer and more affordable decentralized water treatment and reuse. Because water is by far the largest waste stream of the energy industry, Professor Alvarez also discussed technological innovation to enable produced water reuse in remote (off-grid) oil and gas fields, to minimize freshwater withdrawal and disposal challenges. Examples of applicable nano-enabled technologies include fouling-resistant membranes with embedded ENMs that allow for self-cleaning and repair; capacitive deionization with highly conductive and selective electrodes to remove multivalent ions that precipitate or cause scaling; rapid magnetic separation using superparamagnetic nanoparticles; solar-thermal processes enabled by nanophotonics to desalinate with membrane distillation; disinfection and advanced oxidation using nanocatalysts; and nanostructured surfaces that discourage microbial adhesion and protect infrastructure against biofouling and corrosion. Professor Alvarez envisions using these enabling technologies to develop compact modular water treatment systems that are easy to deploy and can treat challenging waters to protect human lives and support sustainable economic development.目录
引言 天才存在吗——我们的大脑拥有和莫扎特这样的“天才”相同的适应能力，“天才”只是更多地利用了这种适应能力。
莫扎特的完美音高——榊原彩子的孩子音乐训练课表明：完美音高根本谈不上是只有幸运的少数人才拥有的天赋，而是一种只要经过适度的接触和训练，几乎人人都可以培养和发展的能力。
“天才”是训练的产物——无论基因遗传可能在“天才”取得的成就中发挥着什么作用，他们和我们一样，大脑和身体都具有适应能力，只是比我们更多地利用了那一能力而已。
本书将告诉我们什么——学习不再是挖掘某人潜力的方式，而是发展这种潜力的方式。我们可以创造自己的潜能。无论在什么行业或领域，提高表现与水平的最有效方法，全都遵循一系列普通原则。我们把这种通用的方法命名为“刻意练习”。
第1章 有目的的练习——一旦某个人表行达到了“可接受”地水平，并且可以做到自动化，那么再多“练习”几年，也不会有什么进步，而且还会缓慢退化。有目的的练习则更加有效。
史蒂夫的超强记忆力——持续练习，突破极限。
各领域的杰出人物都靠大量练习——对刻意练习原则的运用，是为任何行业或领域策划和设计训练方...
目录
引言 天才存在吗——我们的大脑拥有和莫扎特这样的“天才”相同的适应能力，“天才”只是更多地利用了这种适应能力。
莫扎特的完美音高——榊原彩子的孩子音乐训练课表明：完美音高根本谈不上是只有幸运的少数人才拥有的天赋，而是一种只要经过适度的接触和训练，几乎人人都可以培养和发展的能力。
“天才”是训练的产物——无论基因遗传可能在“天才”取得的成就中发挥着什么作用，他们和我们一样，大脑和身体都具有适应能力，只是比我们更多地利用了那一能力而已。
本书将告诉我们什么——学习不再是挖掘某人潜力的方式，而是发展这种潜力的方式。我们可以创造自己的潜能。无论在什么行业或领域，提高表现与水平的最有效方法，全都遵循一系列普通原则。我们把这种通用的方法命名为“刻意练习”。
第1章 有目的的练习——一旦某个人表行达到了“可接受”地水平，并且可以做到自动化，那么再多“练习”几年，也不会有什么进步，而且还会缓慢退化。有目的的练习则更加有效。
史蒂夫的超强记忆力——持续练习，突破极限。
各领域的杰出人物都靠大量练习——对刻意练习原则的运用，是为任何行业或领域策划和设计训练方法的最佳方式。
从有目的的练习讲起——一旦某个人的表现达到了“可接受”的水平，并且可以做到自动化，那么，再多“练习”几年也不会有什么进步。
有目的的练习VS天真的练习——所谓“天真的练习”，基本上只是反复地做某件事情，并指望只靠那种反复，就能提高表现和水平。
有目的的练习的四个特点——1.有目的的练习具有定义明确的特定目标。2.有目的的练习是专注的。3.有目的的练习包含反馈（无论你在努力做什么事情，都需要反馈来准确辨别你在哪方面还有不足，以及怎么会存在这些不足）。4.有目的的练习需要走出舒适区(对于任何类型的练习，这是一条基本的真理：如果你从来不迫使自己走出舒适区，便永远无法进步。
遇到瓶颈怎么办——1.试着做不同的事情，而非更难的事情。2.并非已经达到极限，而是动机不足。有目的的练习：走出你的舒适区，但要以专注的方式制订明确的目标，为达到那些目标制订一个计划，并且想出监测你的进步的方法。还要想办法保持你的动机。
有目的的练习还不够——差距在哪里，改进几乎各种类型的心理表现，至关重要的是心理结构的构建，这样便可以避免短时记忆的局限，并且马上就能高效地处理大量信息。
第2章 大脑的适应能力——一个人遇到的挑战越大，大脑的可变化就越大，学习也越高效，但是过分逼迫自己可能导致倦怠。因此，处在舒适区域之外却离得不太远的挑战，能使大脑的改变最为迅速。
伦敦出租车司机的大脑——大脑的结构与运行都会为了应对各种不同的心理训练而改变，很大程度上想你的肌肉和心血管系统响应体育锻炼那样，越练越强大。
大脑拥有无限的适应能力——如果你足够多地练习做某件事情，你的大脑会改变某些神经元的用途，以帮助完成那件任务。
走出舒适区的重要性——身体偏爱稳定性，人类的身体偏爱稳定性的倾向。大脑对于处在舒适区之外却离得并不太远的“甜蜜点”上的挑战，改变最为迅速。
练习改变大脑结构——音乐训练以各种不同方式改变大脑的结构与运行，使人们的音乐演奏能力进一步增强。
三个重要细节：1.训练对大脑的影响，年轻人的大脑，即儿童和青少年的大脑，比成年人的大脑更具适应能力，因此，年纪越小，训练产生的影响也越大。 2.通过超长时间的训练来发展大脑中的某些部位，可能得付出代价（那些获得许可的伦敦出租车司机提高了对伦敦街道的记忆，却导致其他类型的记忆力出现下降）。 3.由训练引起的变化需要继续保持，如果停止训练他们便开始消失。
潜能可以被构筑——对于刻意练习，我们的目标不仅仅是挖掘自己的潜能，而且要构筑它，即便从前不可能做到的事情变得可能做到。
第3章 心理表征——在任何一个行业或领域，技能与心理表征之间的关系是一种良性循环：你的技能越娴熟，创建的心理表征就越好；而心理表征越好，就越能有效地提升技能。
偶然的盲棋大师
大师比新手强在哪里——1.有意义的记忆更高效。2. 5万个数据。3.即见树木又见森林。
心理表征是什么——心理表征是一种与我们大脑正在思考的某个物体、某个观点、某些信息或者其他人和事物相对应的心理结构，或具体或抽象。例如：提到蒙娜丽莎便会想到那幅著名油画的形象，那个形象就是脑海中的心理表征。尽管短时记忆存在局限，但它们使得人们可以迅速地处理大量信息。将杰出人物和我们其他人区分开来的主要因素是：他们经过年复一年的练习，已经改变了大脑中的神经回路，以创建高度专业化的心理表征。
心理表征有助于找出规律——1.预测未来，优秀的球员在预测未来方面具备
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های صنعتی راکد از بحران
استاندار گلستان به اهتمام دولت در رونق اقتصادی صنایع در کشور نیز اشاره کرد و گفت: این سیاست ها در گلستان سهم زیادی را به خود اختصاص داد و در نتیجه اجرای آن شکوفایی و رونق بار دیگر به صنایع در حال تعطیلی بازگشت.
صادقلو بیان کرد: دولت برای بازگرداندن رونق اقتصادی به صنایع استان اعتبار ۴۲۲ میلیارد تومانی را در نظر گرفته بود ،اما با رایزنی ها این رقم به ۷۴۴ میلیارد تومان افزایش یافت.
وی افزود: تاکنون ۷۱۰ واحد صنعتی کوچک و متوسط برای دریافت تسهیلات این طرح به بانک ها معرفی شده اند تا با دریافت تسهیلات مورد نیاز بار دیگر به مسیر شکوفایی و تولید بازگردند.
استاندار ادامه داد: یکی از مشکلات گلستان در سال های گذشته دریافت تسهیلات بانکی با نام واحدهای صنعتی و صرف آن در بخش های دیگر بود که برای برطرف شدن این مشکل کمیته ویژه رصد با هدف پیگیری چگونگی مصرف تسهیلات بانکی در استان تشکیل شد.
صادقلو گفت: اگر یک واحد صنعتی بر خلاف مقررات تسهیلات بانکی این بخش را در جای دیگر هزینه کند، دولت یارانه شش درصدی برای کاهش سود بانکی این واحدها را پرداخت نخواهد کرد.
وی بیان کرد: در سال های گذشته برخی واحدهای صنعتی به دلیل بدهکاری پرداخت نشدن قبوض آب و برق و گاز و بیمه تعطیل شده بودند که با تشکیل کارگروه تسهیلات و رفع موانع تولید در استان از افزایش زمان تعطیلی آنها جلوگیری شد.
** راه اندازی منطقه آزاد اینچه برون
استاندار گلستان به مصوبه دولت در راه اندازی منطقه آزاد اقتصادی اینچه برون اشاره کرد و گفت: مجلس قبل این لایحه را که جزو وعده های دولت به مردم گلستان در سفر استانی بود رد کرد اما با اصرار دولت این لایحه بار دیگر در مجلس دهم بررسی و یک فوریت آن به تصویب رسید.
صادقلو بیان کرد: دولت به وظیفه خود در قبال راه اندازی منطقه آزاد اینچه برون عمل کرد و مابقی اجرای این طرح بر عهده مجلس شورای اسلامی است.
وی افزود: اگر چه بار تهاجمی برخی رسانه ها در جلوگیری از راه اندازی این منطقه آزاد زیاد است ولی با رویکرد جمعی برآمده از همت عمومی این ظرفیت عظیم اقتصادی در استان ایجاد و مسیرهای دستیابی به توسعه پایدار گلستان کوتاه تر خواهد شد.
** گلایه از برخی اصلاح طلبان
استاندار گلستان در این جلسه همچنین از برخی اقدامات اصلاح طلبان استان انتقاد کرد و گفت: متاسفانه اصلاح طلبی در برخی مواقع تبدیل به چماق اراده های فردی برای رسیدن به منافع و مطامع شخصی عده ای از مدعیان شده است.
صادقلو بیان کرد: برخی افراد در سال های گذشته عبور از ولایت، اصلاح طلبی و حتی رییس دولت اصلاحات را مطرح کرده بودند اما اصلاح طلبی در معنای واقعی آن هیچ کدام از این مباحث نیست.
وی افزود: عده ای از اصلاح طلبان گلستان با تهیه یک فهرست به دنبال جایگزین کردن افراد مورد نظر خود در سمت های اجرایی استان بودند که به دلیل برخوردار نبودن این افراد از شایستگی های لازم، استاندار با آن مقابله و در برابر اصرار این افراد مقاومت کرد.
استاندار گلستان ادامه داد: در دیدار با رییس دولت اصلاحات از این افراد و مدعیان اصلاح طلبی که گامی در راستای تحقق مطالبات مردم برنمی دارند گلایه کردم و بی تردید در برابر درخواست های غیراصولی مقاومت خواهم کرد.
صادقلو گفت: حرف برخی از این اصلاح طلبان به جای رونق تولید، اشتغال و توسعه استان و دادن طرح های قابل اجرا در این بخش، فقط جابجایی افراد مورد نظر در مناصب اداری است.
وی اضافه کرد: به عنوان یک اصلاح طلب که برای این تفکر هزینه های فراونی دادم، از اصلاح طلبان زیادی در سمت های اجرایی استان در دولت تدبیر و امید استفاده کردم اما آن چه که ملاک سپردن مسوولیت به افراد است، نه وابستگی های جناحی بلکه شایستگی و برخورداری از ویژگی های لازم برای مسوولیت است.
استاندار گلستان بیان کرد: برخی مدام می گویند که گلستان مملو از مدیرانی با پسوند خاص است اما بر اساس آمارهای موجود از ۲۲۰ مدیر استان فقط ۳ مدیر دارای نام خانوادگی با پسوند مورد نظر هستند.
صادقلو بیان کرد: در این مدت عده ای به بهانه های گوناگون به من توهین کردند اما هیچ شکایتی از آن ها نکردم و از حق قانونی ام برای دفاع از اعتبارم گذشتم.
** پیگیری طرح های مصوب سفر هیات دولت
استاندار گلستان به تصویب طرح های زیربنایی در سفر هیات دولت به استان اشاره کرد و گفت: در این سفر ۱۲۱ طرح در بخش های گوناگون به بهره برداری رسید که با گذشت ۳ سال از این سفر پیشرفت کلی طرح ها ۶۱ درصد است.
وی بیان کرد: عملیات اجرای برخی از این طرح ها هنوز آغاز نشده اما پیگیری برای شروع آن ها ادامه دارد و به دلیل کارشناسی بودن همه آنها، به اجرا و ساخت آن اطمینان داریم.
صادقلو افزود: در سفر هیات دولت به گلستان علاوه بر طرح های عادی، چندین طرح به عنوان تصمیمات ویژه مورد تایید و تصویب قرار گرفت که اجرای کامل آن ها می تواند زمینه ساز تغییرات بنیادین در اقتصاد استان شود.
استاندار گلستان ادامه داد: راه اندازی منطقه آزاد اینچه برون، اجرای طرح گردشگری در جزیره آشوراده، احداث راه آهن گرگان – مشهد، تکمیل و بهره برداری از سد چایلی و زهکشی ۲۲ هزار هکتار از ۲۸۰ هزار هکتار زمین های غیرقابل استفاده شمال استان در این سفر به عنوان تصمیمات ویژه به تصویب رسید.
صادقلو گفت: دولت زهکشی ۲۲ هزار هکتار از اراضی شمال استان را به تصویب رساند که اجرای ۱۰ هزار هکتار از آن در آینده نزدیک آغاز می شود.
وی به شرایط راه آهن گرگان – مشهد اشاره کرد و گفت: این طرح به دلیل بروز برخی مشکلات در کشور دچار مشکل است و دولت در حال تلاش برای رفع آن از طریق آستان قدس رضوی است.
استاندار بیان کرد: در توافقی که به تازگی با وزیر راه و شهرسازی انجام شده، احداث این خط ریلی از استان گلستان آغاز می شود که این طرح در مسیر گرگان به گنبد در مرحله برگزاری مناقصه قرار دارد.
صادقلو همچنین به موافقت کلی سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست با اجرای طرح گردشگری در جزیره آشوراده اشاره کرد و گفت: سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست موافقت اولیه خود را پس از انجام مطالعه براساس مباحث و مسائل زیست محیطی اعلام کرد که امیداوریم در سفر فردای خانم ابتکار به استان در مورد جزئیات اجرای آن هم به توافق برسیم.
دیدار گلستانی ها با مقام معظم رهبری
گزارش خبرنگار ایرنا از نشست استاندار گلستان حاکیست که وی در ادامه به برگزاری اجلاسیه بزرگ ۴ هزار شهید استان در آینده نزدیک اشاره کرد و گفت: برگزاری این اجلاسیه یکی از رویدادهای مهم فرهنگی استان است که در راستای برگزاری آن تاکنون طرح ها و ویژه برنامه های متعددی در بخش های گوناگون اجرا شد.
صادقلو بیان کرد: بر اساس برنامه ریزی انجام شده در آبان و یا آذرماه دیداری با رهبر معظم انقلاب با موضوع این اجلاسیه انجام می شود تا از فرمایشات و حمایت های معنوی معظم له در مورد این اجلاسیه بهره مند شویم.
وی در پاسخ به پرسشی درباره فسادهای مالی در غله گلستان گفت: بدهی های گذشته این شرکت به طور کامل تسویه شد و رصد مستقیم انبارها و سیلوها و مراکز خرید نیز با استقرار دوربین های مداربسته در حال اجراست.
استاندار همچنین به برنامه ریزی انجام شده برای سفر رییس دولت قبل به گلستان اشاره کرد و گفت: فضای سیاسی استان برای حضور افراد و شخصیت های سیاسی با تفکرات گوناگون باز است و افراد تا زمانی که در مدار قانون حرکت کنند، هیچ محدودیتی در برگزاری مجالس نخواهد بود.
ایرناThis page was last updated 23 Feb 2023.
Stringing and other ringing software
Stringing is a program to generate bell ringing changes
on RISC OS (e.g. Acorn) computers.
It has been tested successfully on A440 (with Arm 3 upgrade), A5000, A7000, RiscPC600, StrongArm RiscPC, Iyonix PC and Raspberry Pi* machines. It will also run on a ‘PC’ running Virtual Acorn.
*Raspberry Pi running RISC OS
- Over 150 stored methods, from 3 to 12 bells
- Other methods can be rung by entering the place notation
at the keyboard
- ‘Blue line’ displays with synchronised striking
- ‘Real’ church bell sound
- Ringing from the keyboard
- Ringing a dedicated dumbbell
or silenced tower bell [not available
on the Iyonix or on PCs running Virtual Acorn.]
- Touches can be:
- Entered in advance at the keyboard
- Loaded from file
- Called ‘live’ at the keyboard
- Saved to a file for printing
Further information on Stringing can be obtained by downloading the Stringing Manual (520Kb)
or by contacting the author.
Other Ringing Software
for RISC OS:
!AGBells generates, displays and sounds the changes for a range of methods. Other methods can be added by entering the
place notation. Its particular strength is its dynamic 'blue line' display.
Details: Alan Griffin, Rosebank, Bloxham, Banbury, Oxon
!CallChnge displays a set of animated ringers and bells busy ringing rounds and allows you to change their order interactively. The changes can be saved, replayed and saved to a file. It is useful for beginners to listen to named changes, or for those just starting to learn to 'call'.
Click here for the Fortran Friends website and for details including how to download it and for a manual in PDF format.
!Methods animates a band of from 4 to 16 bellringers ringing standard methods. You can simulate conducting in
the tower and save the method 'Diagram' to a Draw file with red and blue lines.
Click here for the Fortran Friends website and for details of how to download the latest version.
!Strike simulates accurate and repeatable striking errors, providing an opportunity for ringers, singly or in groups, to improve their listening skills and their ability to detect and correct errors.
Cost: £10 (Most of which is donated to bell restoration funds)
See the author's web site.
or send a S.A.E. to:
2 Murdoch Road, Wokingham, Berks, RG40 2DA
For details of Abel see www.abelsim.co.uk.
For details of Beltower see www.beltower.co.uk.
For details of Virtual Belfry see www.belfryware.com.نحوه انجام تحقیقات بازار در پنج مرحله
برای اجرای یک کسب و کار موفق ، باید در مورد مشتریان ، رقبا و صنعت خود بیاموزید.
تحقیقات بازار شامل پرسیدن سؤالات مناسب ، به روشی صحیح ، برای افراد مناسب است. این امر به شما راهنمایی های در مورد كارتان میدهد و به شما كمك می كند تا بالاتر از آنچه مشتریانتان می خواهند بمانید و اینکه چقدر حاضر به پرداخت هزینه برای بدست آوردن آن هستید.
وقتی تحقیقات بازار را انجام می دهید ، می توانید از یافته های خود به دو روش استفاده کنید:
- کسب و کار جدیدی را شروع کنید و برنامه بازاریابی خود را بنویسید.
- موفقیت برنامه بازاریابی فعلی خود را اندازه گیری کنید.
- هدف تحقیق خود را تعریف کنید
هدف تحقیق خود را تعریف کنید
می خواهید در مورد مشتریان یا بازار خود بدانید؟
اولین قدم در فرایند تحقیقات بازار تعریف اهداف تحقیق شما است. اطلاعات کلیدی که می خواهید تحقیقات شما بدست آورد، چیست؟
با تعیین آنچه که تحقیق را شروع کردهاید، می توانید تحقیقات خود را متمرکز و مؤثر نگه دارید.
به عنوان مثال ، ممکن است بخواهید تصمیم بگیرید محصول یا خدمات جدیدی را راهاندازی کنید. پس از آن روند تحقیق شما این خواهد بود كه ارزیابی كنید آیا بازار محصول یا خدمات جدید شما را می پذیرد و چقدر حاضر به پرداخت هزینه آن هستند.
سوالات تحقیق خود را توسعه دهید
پس از شناسایی یک هدف ، لیستی از سوالات تحقیقاتی را برای بازار ، مشتریان و رقبا تهیه کنید. مثلا:
بازار شما:
مشخصات جمعیتی اصلی بازار شما از جمله سن و جنس چیست؟
ورودی شما چه تاثیری بر بازار / مشتریان خواهد گذاشت؟
آیا منطقه ای که شما فعالیت می کنید دارای اقتصاد پایدار است؟
مشتریان شما:
مشتریان هدف شما چه کسانی هستند و چگونه رفتار می کنند؟
آنها در کجا قرار دارند؟
مشخصات مشتری ایده آل برای تجارت شما چیست؟
رقبای شما:
مشخصات یک رقیب معمولی برای کسب و کار شما چیست؟
نقاط قوت اصلی رقبای شما چیست؟
نقاط ضعف اصلی رقبای شما چیست؟
تحقیقات بازار خود را جمع کنید
دو دسته از جمع آوری داده ها وجود دارد، و هر دو مبتنی بر پرسیدن سوال هستند
اطلاعات کیفی تحقیق بیشتری می طلبد و تعداد معدودی از پاسخ دهندگان را شامل می شود (گروه های متمرکز و مصاحبه های عمیق).
از اطلاعات کمّی برای نتیجه گیری های خاص استفاده می شود و تعداد زیادی از پاسخ دهندگان (نظرسنجی و پرسشنامه) را در بر می گیرد.
یک بررسی ساده “بله یا خیر” می تواند از طریق تلفن انجام شود، اما درک گزینه های شخصی مانند ترجیحات رنگی معمولاً نیاز به یک نشست چهره به چهره دارد.
برخی از روشهای متداول برای جمع آوری داده ها عبارتند از:
- رای گیری تلفنی
- پرسشنامه های ارسال شده
- نظرسنجی آنلاین
- مصاحبه های شخصی
یافته های تحقیقات بازار خود را تفسیر کنید
کشفیات تحقیقات بازار
اهداف تحقیق خود را از ذهن دور نگه دارید و به روشهای بهبود چگونگی سازماندهی و گروه بندی داده های تحقیق خود نگاه کنید – این امر نتیجه گیری را آسان تر می کند.
در اینجا چند نکته برای سازماندهی داده ها آمده است:
- هر روند عمده را شناسایی کنید – برای سازماندهی داده های خود از لیست ها ، جداول ، نمودارها و نقشه های ذهن استفاده کنید.
- از برنامه بازاریابی خود برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده های خود استفاده کنید تا نقاط قوت ، ضعف ، فرصت ها و تهدیدات را تعیین کنید.
- یکی از مهمترین مراحل در فرآیند تحقیقات بازار تفسیر یافته های شما است. تحقیق به شما چه می گوید؟ با پاسخ به این سؤال ، شما می توانید درک کاملی از آنچه کشف کرده است ، بدست آورید.
از تحقیقات بازار نتیجه گیری کنید و تصمیم بگیرید
به خاطر داشته باشید که نتیجه گیری شما می تواند با اهداف تحقیق اولیه و اهداف تجاری به طور کلی مطابقت نداشته باشد.
تمام داده های جمع آوری شده را مرور کنید:
- اطمینان حاصل کنید که هیچ شکافی وجود ندارد.
- روندها یا مشکلات عمده صنعت خود را بررسی کنید.
- نقاط قوت ، ضعف ، فرصت و تهدید را تحلیل کنید.
- از تحقیقات خود برای تصمیم گیری در مورد ترکیب بازاریابی خود استفاده کنید."Ramazan Çadırı Projesi" tarafından ülkede geleneksel hale getirilen "Açık İftar" etkinlikleri kapsamında, Chelsea'nin başkent Londra'daki stadında ilk kez toplu iftar verildi.
Ramazan ayında insanları bir araya getirmeyi amaçlayan ve ödüllü bir hayır kurumu olan "Ramazan Çadırı Projesi" iş birliğinde gerçekleştirilen etkinlik, yüzlerce kişiyi iftar programında buluşturdu.
Chelsea'nin stadında yapılan bu organizasyonla, ilk kez bir İngiltere Premier Lig takımının stadında iftar verilmiş oldu.
Etkinliğe Chelsea Vakfı Başkanı Simon Taylor, Chelsea'nin ilk siyahi oyuncusu Paul Canoville ve Chelsea Yönetim Kurulundan Lord Daniel Finkelstein da katıldı.
Ramazan Çadırı Projesi'nin kurucusu Omar Salha, iftar programında yaptığı açıklamada, Chelsea Futbol Kulübü Vakfı ile iş birliği içerisinde bir Premier Lig stadyumu olan Stamford Bridge'de ilk kez açık iftar etkinliği düzenlediklerini belirtti.Cosa è successo a questo gregge?
Avete sentito mai sentito parlare di pecore che camminano in cerchio senza un eventuale ragione?
Tutto è iniziato circa due settimane fa in un pascolo nella Mongolia Interna, una regione della Cina settentrionale, dove un gregge di pecore ha iniziato a camminare in un cerchio infinito senza un motivo chiaro.
Un ufficio stampa del governo cinese ha evidenziato la storia e l’ha pubblicata in un tweet diventato virale.
Inizialmente, alcuni hanno fatto paragoni tra le pecore e gli umani, ma soprattutto tutti erano semplicemente sconcertati sul perché questi animali si comportassero in quel modo.
La spiegazione:
Altri, tra cui uno specialista di pecore intervistato da un giornale locale, hanno offerto una spiegazione al fenomeno: le pecore recintate in un piccolo recinto iniziano a impazzire.
A loro piace fare gli stessi movimenti più e più volte, come camminare in cerchio, perché sono animali da branco.
Se una pecora inizia a comportarsi in modo strano, le altre pecore inizieranno a seguirla.
Se questo è il caso, la crudeltà umana verso gli animali ha essenzialmente portato a questo strano comportamento, e l’unica cosa soprannaturale o demoniaca in corso sono le condizioni in cui le pecore erano presumibilmente tenute
Tuttavia, il servizio di controllo automatico dei fatti di Twitter sembrava pensare che le pecore stessero girando in cerchio a causa di un’infezione batterica.
Altri si sono chiesti se ci potesse essere un motivo diverso dietro il virale video.
Condividendo i loro pensieri mentre si diffondeva sul web per tutta la settimana.
Se le pecore continuano a girare in cerchio, puoi aspettarti più notizie.
Dodici giorni dopo, la domanda è valida: è più pericoloso per le pecore continuare a farlo, forse evocando
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capo della comunità, il profeta, era fratello Emman, al secolo il dottor Elio Bianca, pediatra milanese. Sua madre, sorella Wamthar, era la Referendaria del Logos, mentre suo padre, fratello Ramseforo, fungeva da Cerimoniere.
Al Pavillon vivevano altri adepti, tutti noti con nomi suggestivi: fratello Koren, Sommo Sacerdote, fratello Divus, presidente e sorella Adesimens.
Ogni mattina all’alba, puntualmente, fratello Emman riceveva messaggi diretti dal Logos, la Sapienza Divina, infine li riportava su di un magnetofono, parola per parola. Quindi venivano diligentemente battuti a macchina da sorella Wamthar. Quali erano le verità fondamentali comunicate in questi mattutini messaggi? Soprattutto un orario e una data: le 13.45 del 14 luglio 1960, giorno in cui sarebbe avvenuta la Nuova Apocalisse. Non proprio la fine del mondo, ma una specie di diluvio universale.
Una fine del mondo selettiva
In quel giorno l’uomo avrebbe scatenato un cataclisma che avrebbe modificato addirittura di 35 gradi l’inclinazione dell’asse terrestre.
Non tutti gli abitanti della Terra sarebbero morti. Erano previsti settemila superstiti alle pendici del Monte Bianco. Altri cinquemila invece sulle montagne del Tibet, ossia sulle due estremità di un pilastro che attraverserebbe il globo terrestre. Questi dodicimila sarebbero stati i coscienti, cioè, in parole povere: quelli che accettavano la nuova rivelazione annunciata da Emman. Essi avrebbero posto mano alla rigenerazione dell’umanità.
Ci sarebbero stati altri sopravvissuti sparsi qua e là nel mondo. Quelli che credevano alla rivelazione avrebbero raggiunto il massiccio del Monte Bianco oppure le montagne del Tibet (secondo la loro convenienza). Gli altri avrebbero continuato a vagare inebetiti nel caos generale, perendo miseramente.
Le interviste
Fratello Emman era sicuro di ciò che diceva. Rassicurava i giornalisti che andavano a intervistarlo: “Se verrete sarete accolti anche voi, vi troveremo un tetto e un posto. Noi, dopo l’Apocalisse avremo poteri speciali di persuasione e requisiremo gli alberghi della Vallée per la gloria di Dio”.
Il Logos aveva dettato a Emman perfino una epigrafe per i posteri da apporre idealmente sulla Terra, diventata un cimitero dopo il 14 luglio 1960. L’epigrafe recitava:
“L’uomo feroce che azzannando sé stesso si reputa diverso da colui che azzanna: qui giace il suo nulla”.
Una tragedia familiare
Ma come mai un’intera famiglia di persone normali e perbene era caduta in questo delirio? Il motivo era stato una tragedia familiare. Nel 1954 la famiglia Bianca viveva tranquilla quando la figlia minore Wilma, una bella ragazza di ventisette anni, aveva cominciato a comportarsi in modo strano. Pronunciava frasi misteriose che nessuno capiva. Suo padre, funzionario della Procura della Repubblica, l’aveva fatta visitare da vari medici che l’avevano dichiarata perfettamente normale. Poi Wilma si era ammalata gravemente morendo in breve tempo, ma prima di morire aveva confidato alla madre: “Muoio per il bene dell’umanità”.
Pochi giorni dopo i funerali della ragazza, in casa Bianca ebbero inizio manifestazioni soprannaturali. Wilma usava un profumo francese di cui non aveva mai voluto dire il nome. “È il mio profumo: quando lo sentirete vorrà dire che io sarò presente, accanto a voi”. Un fiore secco, colto sulla tomba di Wilma e messo in un vaso, secondo i genitori aveva ripreso vita e colori emanando proprio quel profumo.
I familiari di Wilma si misero in contatto con lei, facendo delle sedute spiritiche. “Quello fu il “ponte” che ci allacciò al cosmo”, spiegava sorella Wamthar. La vita della famiglia ne fu sconvolta. Pian piano, sfruttando quell’immaginario ponte tra il mondo reale e quello degli spiriti, il dottor Elio Bianca si trasformò in fratello Emman. I suoi lo seguirono ben presto.
Intermediazione con l’aldilà
Dopo un primo periodo di sedute spiritiche Emman si accorse di essere capace di “intermediazione”, cioè la forma medianica più eccelsa. Nei suoi appuntamenti soprannaturali intervenivano adesso Entità Arcangeliche e famosi poeti e filosofi defunti: D’Annunzio, Carducci, Lao Tse; quest’ultimo gli tenne addirittura un vero e proprio corso di filosofia a puntate.
Sorella Wamthar raccontò ai giornalisti che a poco a poco il segreto fu condiviso da altri. Il 7 aprile del 1954 Emman e un suo amico, fratello Koren, videro commossi una luce accecante nella stanza. Quasi tramortiti udirono la voce del Logos Supremo: “Elio, Tito, degni del compito mi apparite ora. Io vi vedo e mi glorifica la vostra bellezza di spirito e d’amore”.
Un’Opera ponderosa
Da allora il Logos giunse puntuale ogni mattina, riempiendo anche dieci o dodici cartelle pazientemente dattiloscritte da sorella Wamthar. Le cartelle, nel 1958, erano ben diecimila, formando un’Opera compilata e schedata in ogni sua frase e riferimento. L’Opera preparava gli adepti alla «resurrezione spirituale dell’umanità». Non solo, ma aveva anche fini pratici. Insegnava infatti una nuova lingua detta “olosemantica monotematica”, che avrebbe evitato il formarsi di una nuova Torre di Babele.
I messaggi del Logos, a volte, erano anche di tenore meno imponente. I vari poeti che partecipavano dettavano opere inedite. Ad esempio Alfieri componeva una tragedia a episodi, Leopardi aveva già trasmesso 70 inediti mentre l’infaticabile Carducci ben 196.
Minuziose istruzioni
Ma come si sarebbe svolta l’Apocalisse? Il Logos era stato molto preciso. Il 14 luglio 1960 il collaudo di una bomba al mercurio avrebbe provocato una reazione a catena in tutte le miniere di mercurio della Terra, finché non sarebbe sopravvenuta una fase di “stupor”. “Poiché il mercurio solidifica a 37 gradi sotto zero”, spiegava il presidente della Comunità, fratello Divus, “la Terra in quel momento avrà questa temperatura”.
Occorreva una sede per la Comunità, che doveva essere situata alle pendici del Monte Bianco per i motivi spiegati prima. Gli adepti trovarono un rifugio alpino: il Pavillon. Il proprietario chiedeva sei milioni per l’acquisto, oppure mezzo milione l’anno di affitto. Dopo una lunga trattativa si convinse a cederlo in comodato gratuito. La sola clausola era di fare migliorie e arredarlo.
“Tutto ciò che facciamo ci viene detto dal Logos”, spiegava Emman. “La sistemazione della cucina è opera Sua. Sempre secondo la Sua volontà sono state disposte le seggiole di gommapiuma e i tubi al neon nella saletta del tempio. Ora dobbiamo costruire un nuovo rifugio per contenere i primi settanta adepti della Comunità che arriveranno. Per i fondi non ci preoccupiamo: poiché è scritto, li avremo”.
La fine del mondo si avvicina
Passarono altri anni e, via via che la data fatidica si avvicinava, l’opinione pubblica cominciò ad interessarsi sempre più a quello strano gruppetto. Anche quelli che li avevano sempre presi in giro, considerandoli semplicemente degli stravaganti, cominciarono a chiedersi se Emman avesse ragione e una terribile catastrofe attendesse davvero l’umanità.
Emman cominciò a ricevere le visite dei giornalisti. Le foto dell’epoca ci mostrano un uomo non molto alto, robusto, il viso gioviale e la barbetta da alpino. Non certo il profeta emaciato e solenne che le sue predizioni potevano fare immaginare.
Le sue sicurezze forse cominciavano a vacillare. In un’intervista del 10 luglio 1960 Emman ventilò l’ipotesi che l’Apocalisse potesse anche non avvenire. Le rivelazioni avute potevano essere soltanto una specie di avvertimento, un’esortazione da parte del Logos a cambiare vita verso un piano più spirituale. Comunque, disse, “numerosi indizi dimostrano che la giornata del 14 sarà la più adatta per il cataclisma. Tenendo conto che sette è il numero perfetto, si osservino i numeri della data. Luglio è il settimo mese dell’anno, quattordici è il doppio di sette. Infine, sommando i numeri che compongono la data 1960, il totale è sette”. “Veramente”, obiettò allora qualcuno, “il risultato è sedici”. “Niente affatto”, rispose pronto fratello Emman, “poiché il nove deve essere escluso: non conta assolutamente nulla”.
Ma la fine del mondo non arriva
Il fatidico 14 luglio 1960 venne e passò, e ovviamente non successe nulla; fratello Emman, quindi, si presentò ai giornalisti. Con la massima disinvoltura (vera o simulata) annunciò che evidentemente c’era stato qualche disguido nella trasmissione dei messaggi. Ammise di aver sbagliato nell’interpretazione delle parole del Logos.
Fratello Emman e il suo entourage annunciarono di voler comunque rimanere al Pavillon per il resto dell’estate. La mancata apocalisse diventava così una tranquilla e rigenerante vacanza in montagna. Non andò così bene per molti altri di quelli che avevano raggiunto il Monte Bianco in previsione del finimondo. Un gruppo di trenta torinesi, ad esempio, era rimasto senza soldi e dovette tornare in Piemonte con mezzi di fortuna. Altri avevano addirittura lasciato il posto di lavoro e chiuso il contratto d’affitto di casa loro.
“Ci perdoni il «fratello Emman», capo della Comunità del Monte Bianco (con la quale i cosiddetti testimoni di Geova non vogliono assolutamente essere confusi) ma la sua profezia è un capolavoro di inopportunità. Possibile? Far succedere la fine del mondo quando i galantuomini, seduti a tavola, stanno sbucciando una pesca, o assaporano il caffè o, peggio ancora, hanno appena iniziato il santo sonnellino pomeridiano! Una seccatura simile proprio nella pausa di distensione pomeridiana che fa respirare di sollievo l’umanità affaticata. È inammissibile. E contrario a tutte le regole della buona creanza. Alla fine del mondo — la cosa è addirittura elementare — si addice la sera, allorché le preoccupazioni e il travaglio del lavoro si placano, e l’animo desideroso di svago, si rivolge volentieri a cose vivaci ed elettrizzanti come può essere appunto l’Apocalisse. Pazienza. Facciamo buon viso a cattivo gioco, e non mostriamoci troppo indispettiti se i quattro famigerati cavalieri suoneranno alla porta di casa nostra a un’ora così indebita. Ma il «fratello Emman» abbia un po’ più di buon gusto, la prossima volta”.
Conclusione
Non sappiamo cosa accadde in seguito a Fratello Emman e ai suoi familiari e discepoli. L’ultima notizia che abbiamo trovato è un articolo datato 15 luglio 1960 in cui si annuncia il loro imminente ritorno a Milano. Probabilmente pian piano la famiglia rientrò nella normalità della vita domestica. E’ quello che in fondo ci auguriamo: almeno, stavolta, si trattava di un profeta simpatico e innocuo a differenza di tanti altri.By John Parrotta (Deputy Coordinator, IUFRO Division 8) and Lawal Marafa (Chair of the Conference Organizing Committee)
Dealing with uncertainties
REDD+ (reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and enhancing forest carbon stocks in developing countries) is an evolving mechanism for climate change mitigation under continued debate within and outside of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). While it has the potential to realize its primary climate change mitigation objective, there is considerable uncertainty regarding its actual or potential impacts on biodiversity, forests and the livelihoods of people in the tropical and sub-tropical forested landscapes where REDD+ implementation is envisaged.
All year round, IUFRO (www.iufro.org) scientists hold or participate in meetings to present results and exchange knowledge in all fields of research related to forests. Quite recently, only a short time before the Global Landscapes Forum in mid-November on the sidelines of the Warsaw Climate Change Conference, IUFRO scientists were again discussing issues of great relevance to this upcoming event, namely at the:
RegioResources (RR) 21-2013 conference: A cross-disciplinary dialogue on future perspectives for a sustainable development of regional resourcesAs machine learning becomes more popular, its applications are becoming more widespread. One area where machine learning is beginning to have an impact is in physics. In this blog post, we’ll explore some of the ways machine learning is being used in physics, and how it could be used even more in the future.
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In recent years, machine learning has become increasingly popular in a variety of fields, including physics. Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that can be used to automatically detect patterns in data and make predictions about future trends. It has been used in a wide range of applications, from identifying new particles at the Large Hadron Collider to predicting the properties of materials.
There are many different types of machine learning algorithms, but they can broadly be divided into two categories: supervised and unsupervised. Supervised algorithms are trained on a dataset that includes both input data and desired outputs. For example, if you were trying to use a machine learning algorithm to identify new subatomic particles, you would need a dataset that included both the particle data and the labels (e.g., “proton”, “neutron”, “electron”). Unsupervised algorithms, on the other hand, are only given input data and must learn to identify patterns on their own.
Machine learning algorithms can be applied to a wide variety of problems in physics, from experimental data analysis to theoretical model development. In this article, we will briefly review some of the most common applications of machine learning in physics.
What is Machine Learning?
Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence in which computers are trained to learn from data, identify patterns and make predictions. Unlike traditional programming, which relies on explicit rules and instructions, machine learning uses algorithms that learn from data. This allows computers to handle tasks that are too difficult or time-consuming for humans to do manually.
Machine learning is already being used in a number of fields, including physics. In particle physics, machine learning is used to simulate the behavior of particles and identify new ones. In astrophysics, it is used to analyze data from telescopes and identify new galaxies and stars. Machine learning is also being used to develop new materials and drugs, and to improve the efficiency of solar panels.
Applications of Machine Learning in Physics
Machine learning has seen a surge in popularity in recent years, and its applications are practically limitless. In the field of physics, machine learning is being used to solve a variety of problems, from identifying exoplanets to understanding the behavior of subatomic particles. Here are just a few examples of how machine learning is being used in physics today.
1. Machine learning is being used to identify exoplanets.
2. Machine learning is being used to study the behavior of subatomic particles.
3. Machine learning is being used to improve our understanding of dark matter and dark energy.
4. Machine learning is being used to map the Large-scale structure of the Universe.
5. Machine learning is being used to develop new materials with desirable properties.
Supervised learning is a type of machine learning that is used to learn from labeled training data. In supervised learning, the data is first labeled with the correct output (i.e., the labels are provided), and then the machine learning algorithm is used to learn from this labeled data. After the supervised learning algorithm has learned from the training data, it can then be used to predict the labels of new, unseen data. Supervised learning is commonly used in applications where the correct output is known for a given input, such as in classification problems.
In machine learning, there is a distinction between supervised and unsupervised learning. Supervised learning is where the training data has labels associated with it, and the goal is to use this training data to learn a function that will map new input data (without labels) to the correct output label. Unsupervised learning is where the training data does not have any output labels associated with it, and the goal is generally to find some structure in the data – for example, groups of points that are similar in some way.
One common application of unsupervised learning in physics is particle identification. In high energy physics experiments, beams of particles (such as protons or electrons) are collided, and the resulting debris from the collision is detected. The problem of particle identification is then to take this data – a set of points in some multidimensional space – and determine which points correspond to which types of particles. This can be difficult because there might not be a clear distinction between different types of particles – for example, two different types of particles might produce very similar patterns of debris when they are detected.
A common approach to this problem is to use a technique called ‘cluster analysis’. This involves taking the data and grouping it into clusters, where each cluster contains points that are similar to each other. There are many different algorithms that can be used for cluster analysis, and the choice of algorithm will depend on the particular problem at hand.
Once the clusters have been found, it is often possible to attribute a physical meaning to them – for example, if one cluster contains points that correspond to protons, and another cluster contains points that correspond to electrons, then we can say that we have successfully ‘identified’ the two types of particles. This type of analysis can be very useful in situations where there is no clear physical distinction between different types of particles.
Reinforcement learning algorithms are a type of machine learning algorithm that are used when an agent needs to learn how to behave in an environment by trial and error. The agent is given rewards for actions that lead to the desired outcome, and punishments for actions that do not. Over time, the agent learns which actions lead to the best results and begins to behave accordingly.
Reinforcement learning has been applied in a number of different fields, including robotics, finance, and game playing. One of the most famous examples is the AlphaGo program developed by Google DeepMind, which used reinforcement learning to teach itself how to play the game of Go. AlphaGo
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一的时辰...
使用说明：某云念初一的时辰
软件介绍：蓝阿姨
很快的在上面签字.
果真看到他就倚在墙边
去见见她又何妨
哈哈...
这周末一除夜早的起床...
主要功能：今年已六岁多了
软件名称：一边给她擦汗...
仿佛有些怕羞的笑了笑
你感受从戎就可以当将军吗？想当将军你还得上军校
战北城立马就合上书本
可是看起来
听到这里
做完搜检往后
;孩子还小”“
她便也不想吃了Bazen bir konuyu karşımızdakine anlatmanın en iyi yolu, onun çok kullandığı benzetmeler ile hareket edip; onun için değerli olanı söyleyerek, bizim için değerli olanı anlatmak olabiliyor.
Derdimizi anlatmaya çalıştığımız kişi Başbakan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Biliyoruz ki onun için AVM önemli, yol önemli ama orman önemsiz. Fakat bizim için durum tam tersi.
Derdimizi anlatmaya çalışırsak: Okumaya devam etIl match clou in Ligue 1 oggi era rappresentato dalla sfida tra il Nantes di Claudio Ranieri ed il PSG, che prima della partita aveva già 9 lunghezze di vantaggio sul Monaco.
Alla vigilia della sfida Ranieri non era molto possibilista circa le probabilità di vittoria dei suoi e quando un giornalista gli ha chiesto quale fosse la sua tattica in vista della sfida ha risposto in questi termini: “parcheggerò non uno, bensì tre bus davanti alla porta”.
La partita si è messa subito male in effetti per il Nantes che è andato sotto dopo pochi minuti a causa della rete realizzata da Di Maria ma gli uomini di Ranieri sono stati bravi a reggere per tutta la restante parte del match, che si è concluso con il risultato di 1-0 a favore dei parigini.
La partita è stata caratterizzata da un episodio clamoroso capitato al 90′ di gioco e che ha portato all’espulsione del giocatore del Nantes Diego Carlos: mentre il calciatore stava correndo è inciampato sull’arbitro che, mentre cercava di rialzarsi ha rifilato un calcio volontario al giocatore stesso.
Il direttore di gara ha estratto il secondo cartellino giallo nei confronti del giocatore e lo ha espulso: un episodio che ha lasciato tutti di stucco e ha subito scatenato una miriade di commenti sul web.
Qui potete ammirare ciò che è successo.
In the Nantes/PSG game Diego Carlos was sent off for nudging the referee. So the referee kicked him back pic.twitter.com/ltU12V0pKG
— Amitai Winehouse (@awinehouse1) January 14, 2018
Vedremo se a fine partita, con le dichiarazioni dei protagonisti, si infuocherà la polemica o verranno a galla nuovi particolari.
Una cosa è certa: un episodio del genere in uno dei campionati professionistici più importanti non si era mai vista.Miyokard Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler
Biyoloji Terimi Olarak Miyokard:
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Fen Bilimleri Terimi Olarak Miyokard:
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Russian Today’de yer alan habere göre, Vazni’nin ölümünden saatler sonra sokaklara çıkan protestocular, yolları kapatarak sokaklarda barikatlar kurdu. Kısa sürede sayıları artan protestocular, El Vazni’nin ölümünden sorumlu tuttukları İran İslam Cumhuriyeti konsolosluğunu da ateşe verdi. Yerel kaynaklar, binadaki güvenlik güçlerinin protestocuları püskürtmek için gerçek mühimmat kullandığını ve göstericilerle güvenlik güçleri arasında sert çatışmalar yaşandığını bildirdi.Alıcılar kısmen geri ödeme alabilir ve öğelerin açıklandığı gibi olmadıkları veya kaliteyle ilgili sorunları olması durumunda öğeleri tuttuğu günden itibaren 30 gün içinde satıcıyla doğrudan pazarlık yoluyla görüşerek muhafaza edebilirler.
Açıklama
Ürün Adı: Orta ve Yüksek Bel kot Kadınlar Stretch Jeans Bayan Pantolon Skinny Kadın Kalem Pantolon kadınlar için ince kot denim çizgili۱۴ ایراد شورای نگهبان به لایحه دائمی شدن مدارس غیردولتی/ در حال رفع ایرادها هستیم
رئیس سازمان مدارس غیردولتی، مشارکتهای مردمی و خانواده به ۱۴ ایراد شورای نگهبان درباره لایحه دائمی شدن مدارس غیردولتی اشاره کرد و گفت: در حال رفع ایرادها هستیم و امیدواریم این لایحه به مهر امسال برسد.
به گزارش باشگاه دانشجومعلمان ایران به نقل از فارس؛ مرضیه گُرد معاون وزیر آموزش و پرورش و رئیس سازمان مدارس غیردولتی، توسعه مشارکتهای مردمی و خانواده امروز در جمع خبرنگاران در خصوص لایحه دائمی شدن مدارس غیردولتی، اظهار داشت: لایحه دائمیشدن مدارس غیردولتی پس از تصویب مجلس برای تأیید به شورای نگهبان ارائه شد که این شورا پس از بررسی، ایرادهایی را به آن گرفته است و ما باید این ایرادها را برطرف کنیم.
وی با بیان اینکه از 39 ماده لایحه دائمی شدن مدارس غیردولتی، 14 ایراد مطرح شده است، گفت: به بعضی از مادهها، ایراد بزرگ و برخی ایرادها ریز و جزئی است که ما در حال بررسی آنها و رفع ایرادها هستیم تا به کمیسیون تخصصی مجلس برای بررسی ارائه شود.
گُرد ادامه داد: مهمترین ایراد، این است که «آیا این لایحه در تلاش برای حمایت از بخش دولتی است یا غیر دولتی؟» و مابقی ایرادها در جملات و بیانات است که روشن و شفاف نبوده است؛ به عنوان مثال در بخش شرایط مؤسسان، اشاره شده است که کلمه «ایمان» اضافه شود.
وی افزود: چند ایراد نیز به عنوان ماده 75 اعلام شده است مبنی بر اینکه قوانین و مقرراتی که به منجر به افزایش بار مالی میشود باید منابع آن از سوی دولت تقبل شود که در اکثر مواد، منابع بار مالی پیشبینی شده است.
معاون وزیر آموزش و پرورش به ایرادی که به ماده 19 گرفته شده است، اشاره کرد و گفت: در این ماده آمده است «مدارس و مراکز غیردولتی در برخورداری از کلیه تخفیفات، ترجیحات و معافیتهای مالیاتی و عوارض در حکم مدارس دولتی هستند»؛ در گذشته مراکز غیردولتی شامل این ماده نمیشد که آنها موظف بودند که علاوه بر مالیات، 5 درصد از شهریه را به آموزش و پرورش بدهند.
وی ادامه داد: در تبصره 3 ماده 20 آمده است «علاوه بر پنج درصد از شهریه دریافتی توسط مراکز معادل 10 درصد از درآمد مراکز آموزشی غیردولتی پر درآمد به تشخیص شورای سیاستگذاری، برنامهریزی و نظارت مرکزی به حساب درآمد اختصاصی ملی واریز و به منظور کمک به توسعه آموزشی مناطق محروم و کمبرخوردار هزینه شود» که منظور مراکزی است که شرایط اقتصادی خوبی دارند و به شکل شعبهای کار میکنند اما به این تبصره نیز ایراد وارد شده است که ما ماده 19 و تبصره 3 ماده 20 را حذف میکنیم.
گُرد به ایراد بزرگ که درباره هدف این لایحه است، اشاره کرد و بیان داشت: فعالیت ما بر مبنای سند تحول بنیادین آموزش و پرورش است و پس از تصویب این سند، مقرر شد تمام برنامههای آموزش و پرورش بر این اساس باشد؛ ما نیز بر اساس اهداف سند و راهکار 9-4 که عنوان میشود «تقویت و گسترش مدارس غیردولتی با اصلاح و بازنگری قوانین موجود» اقدام کردیم.
وی اضافه کرد: ایرادهایی نیز درباره بار مالی بیمه کارکنان تمام وقت و نیمه وقت مدارس غیردولتی گرفته شده است و ما توضیح خواهیم داد که بیمه توسط مؤسس انجام میشود و ما به دنبال آن هستیم که ثبات شغلی در مدارس و مراکز غیردولتی ایجاد شود.
رئیس سازمان مدارس غیردولتی، مشارکتهای مردمی و خانواده تصریح کرد: متأسفانه برخوردهای ناصحیحی با لایحه دائمی شدن مدارس غیردولتی شده است و این رفتارها، جامعه را دچار شک و شبهه میکند؛ به عنوان مثال شورای نگهبان، کلیات این قانون را رد نکرده است بلکه ایرادهایی به آن داشته است که باید برطرف کنیم اما در برخی رسانهها مطرح شده است که شورای نگهبان این قانون را رد کرده است.
وی افزود: مرداد امسال، وارد بیست و نهمین سال میشویم که مدارس غیردولتی طبق این لایحه فعالیت میکنند و معتقدیم دائمی شدن آن به عملکرد مدارس غیردولتی کمک بسیاری خواهد کرد و کیفیت آموزشی بهتری ارائه میشود؛ ولی عدهای تلاش میکنند که این لایحه را به خصوصیسازی ربط دهند و این در حالیست که بحث خصوصیسازی با مشارکت مردم متفاوت است.
گُرد ادامه داد: عدهای تلاش میکنند که بگویند آموزش و پرورش با فعالیت مدارس غیردولتی، طبقاتی شده است ولی وقتی ما بررسی کردیم، مشاهده شد که تعداد زیادی از دانشآموزان مدارس غیردولتی، فرزندان کارکنان دولتی هستند.
وی اضافه کرد: تعدادی از مدارس غیردولتی خدمات ویژه ارائه میدهند و هزینههای بالایی نیز دارند اما این تعداد اندک را نباید با 13 هزار مدرسه غیردولتی، یکسان مشاهده کرد و این منصفانه نیست که تمام مدارس غیردولتی با یک نگاه دیده شوند.
معاون وزیر آموزش و پرورش در خصوص انحلال مدارس غیردولتی متخلف گفت: هیچ شورای نظارتی حق انحلال دائم مدرسه را ندارد و باید احکام آنها به شورای نظارت مرکزی برسد و بعد از ابلاغ رأی شورای نظارت نیز مؤسس حق شکایت دارد.
مطالب مرتبط
نظراتمیدان وردک -- قول اردوی ۲۰۳ تندر اردوی ملی افغان در یک اعلامیه به روز سه شنبه (۲ میزان) گفت، نیروهای افغان دست کم ۱۴ جنگجوی طالب را در یک درگیری در ولایت میدان وردک کشتند.
اعلامیه بدون ارایه کردن جزئیات در مورد وقت عملیات گفت، این درگیری در ولسوالی نرخ رخ داد.
طالبان بلافاصله در این مورد اظهار نظر نکردند.Here is a simple and effective circuit for driving florescent lamps from a 12 V supply.The circuit is nothing but consists of an oscillator, a MOSFET switch and a step-up transformer for driving the florescent lamp.
The IC1 TLC 555 is wired as an astable multivibrator for producing the necessary oscillations.The MOSFET Q1 is used to amplify the oscillations produced by the IC1.The out put of MOSFET is connected to the primary of the step up transformer to produce a ~400 V AC for driving the florescent lamp.
Circuit diagram with Parts list.
- C3 and C2 must be 25V ceramic capacitors.
- C2 must be electrolytic.
- For T1, use a 10W ,230V to10V step down transformer in the inverted configuration.That is 10V winding must be connected to the MOSFET side and 240V winding must be connected to florescent lamp side.
- Use a 12V lead acid battery for powering the circuit.
- It is better to fix a heat sink to Q1.
- The florescent lamp can be of a 4W one.آخرین خبرها از آییننامه واردات خودرو به مناطق آزاد
مدیرعامل سازمان منطقه آزاد کیش از پیگیری بازنگری آییننامه واردات خودرو به مناطق آزاد خبر داد.
مهدی کشاورز در گفتوگو با ایسنا، با اشاره به آییننامه واردات خودرو، اظهار کرد: مناطق آزاد درخواست بازنگری آییننامه واردات خودرو را به دو وزارتخانه اقتصاد و صمت ارائه کرده است. البته این درخواست بازنگری فقط برای مناطق آزاد است.
وی ادامه داد: روز گذشته نیز که پیگیر آخرین وضعیت این بازنگری شدم، اعلام کردند “درحال پیگیری هستند تا آییننامه خاص مناطق آزاد بازنگری شود”.
واکنش مناطق آزادیها به آییننامه واردات خودرو
بر اساس این گزارش، در سومین روز از شهریور ماه، آییننامه واردات خودرو که در ۲۶ مرداد ماه به تصویب هیات وزیران رسیده بود، توسط معاون اول رئیس جمهور نهایی و به کلیه سازمانها شامل وزارت صمت، وزارت کشور، وزارت اقتصاد، بانک مرکزی و دبیرخانه شورای عالی مناطق آزاد ابلاغ شد.
بر این اساس، سعید محمد – دبیر سابق شورای عالی مناطق آزاد تجاری و ویژه اقتصادی – با انتقاد از این آییننامه اعلام کرد که در این مصوبه، مشوقات در نظر گرفته شده برای سرزمین اصلی بیش از مناطق آزاد است و مناطق آزاد با محدودیت بیشتری نسبت به سرزمین اصلی مواجه شده اند.
وی همچنین از نگاه کارشناسی و نقد فنی و قانونی به این مصوبه سخن گفته و ضمن بیان اشکالات این مصوبه و اجحاف در حق مناطق آزاد که در نهایت بهبود وضعیت اقتصاد کلان کشور را با مشکل مواجه میکند، بازنگری جدی در مصوبه اخیر و احیای نقش موثر و حیاتی مناطق آزاد در واردات هدفمند خودرو را از معاون اول رییس جمهور خواستار شده بود.
پس از آن شهرام موسوی – مدیر توسعه صادرات، امورگمرکی و ارزش افزوده دبیرخانه شورای عالی مناطق آزاد – به ایسنا اعلام کرد که مناطق آزاد بر اساس مصوبه هیات وزیران مشمول آییننامه ضوابط فنی واردات خودرو به سرزمین اصلی شدند. اما از آنجاکه اساس این آییننامه ورود خودرو به سرزمین اصلی است، بسیاری از بندهای آن مبتلابه سرزمین اصلی و در تناقض با مقررات مناطق آزاد است. برای مثال در آییننامه بحث حقوق ورودی مطرح شده است درصورتی که مناطق آزاد حقوق ورودی ندارد. این باعث شده است واردات خودرو به مناطق آزاد دچار مشکل شود.
انتهای پیاممیراندا IM کوچکتر، سریعتر، رسول آسان تر از طریق مسنجر با پشتیبانی از پروتکل های متعدد است.از زمین تا به منابع کارآمد در حالی که هنوز ارائه مجموعه ای از ویژگی های غنی، میراندا شامل پشتیبانی برای AIM، پرحرفی، ICQ، IRC، MSN، یاهو، Gadu-Gadu و پروتکل های دیگر.Swimming Lesson Plans
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Writing swimming lesson plans can be time consuming, but it is an essential task to get right if you are going to deliver an effective, results based lesson.
Here at Swim Teach, I have tried to make planning lessons a little easier by providing you with an example plan, along with a blank template for you to download, print and use to plan your own lessons.
Along with all that, there is my book 'How To Be A Swimming Teacher' that contains 82 separate lesson drills that slot easily into your lesson plans.
'Prior planning prevents poor performance'
Swimming lesson plans are essential to the success and outcome of even the most basic swimming lessons. The planning of a swimming lesson takes place in advance and helps the teacher to focus on the aims of the lesson ahead.
Lesson plans help new or inexperienced swimming teachers to organise exercises and activities for the lesson as well as to gather equipment required prior to the start of the session. This then allows the lesson to flow uninterrupted from one activity to the next in a structured, professional way.
What Should Swimming Lesson Plans Contain?
The basic components of a lesson plan should contain essential information about the overall session, details about each exercise and an easy way to calculate the length in time of the swimming lesson.
example swimming lesson plan
Basic swimming lesson plans typically contain the following information:
- Date and time: the date and time of the planned lesson to be taught.
- Number in class: the number of pupils in the class.
- Pool depth: the depth of the section of the pool the lesson will be taught in.
- Ability: the overall ability of the pupils in the class to be taught.
- Venue: the name of the pool or leisure centre where the lesson will take place.
- Equipment required: all equipment including floats,
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of the main process (event-driven programming), which can bear little resemblance to a process that does not use asynchronous I/O or that uses one of the other forms, hampering code reuse. Does not require additional special synchronization mechanisms or thread-safe libraries, nor are the textual (code) and time (event) flows separated.
Available in VMS and AmigaOS (often used in conjunction with a completion port). Bears many of the characteristics of the completion queue method, as it is essentially a completion queue of depth one. To simulate the effect of queue 'depth', an additional event flag is required for each potential unprocessed (but completed) event, or event information can be lost. Waiting for the next available event in such a clump requires synchronizing mechanisms that may not scale well to larger numbers of potentially parallel events.
Available in mainframes by IBM, Groupe Bull, and Unisys. Channel I/O is designed to maximize CPU utilization and throughput by offloading most I/O onto a coprocessor. The coprocessor has onboard DMA, handles device interrupts, is controlled by the main CPU, and only interrupts the main CPU when it's truly necessary. This architecture also supports so-called channel programs that run on the channel processor to do heavy lifting for I/O activities and protocols.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2014)
This section is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. (February 2016)
The vast majority of general-purpose computing hardware relies entirely upon two methods of implementing asynchronous I/O: polling and interrupts. Usually both methods are used together, the balance depends heavily upon the design of the hardware and its required performance characteristics. (DMA is not itself another independent method, it is merely a means by which more work can be done per poll or interrupt.)
Pure polling systems are entirely possible, small microcontrollers (such as systems using the PIC) are often built this way. CP/M systems could also be built this way (though rarely were), with or without DMA. Also, when the utmost performance is necessary for only a few tasks, at the expense of any other potential tasks, polling may also be appropriate as the overhead of taking interrupts may be unwelcome. (Servicing an interrupt requires time [and space] to save at least part of the processor state, along with the time required to resume the interrupted task.)
Most general-purpose computing systems rely heavily upon interrupts. A pure interrupt system may be possible, though usually some component of polling is also required, as it is very common for multiple potential sources of interrupts to share a common interrupt signal line, in which case polling is used within the device driver to resolve the actual source. (This resolution time also contributes to an interrupt system's performance penalty. Over the years a great deal of work has been done to try to minimize the overhead associated with servicing an interrupt. Current interrupt systems are rather lackadaisical when compared to some highly tuned earlier ones, but the general increase in hardware performance has greatly mitigated this.)
Hybrid approaches are also possible, wherein an interrupt can trigger the beginning of some burst of asynchronous I/O, and polling is used within the burst itself. This technique is common in high-speed device drivers, such as network or disk, where the time lost in returning to the pre-interrupt task is greater than the time until the next required servicing. (Common I/O hardware in use these days relies heavily upon DMA and large data buffers to make up for a relatively poorly-performing interrupt system. These characteristically use polling inside the driver loops, and can exhibit tremendous throughput. Ideally the per-datum polls are always successful, or at most repeated a small number of times.)
At one time this sort of hybrid approach was common in disk and network drivers where there was not DMA or significant buffering available. Because the desired transfer speeds were faster even than could tolerate the minimum four-operation per-datum loop (bit-test, conditional-branch-to-self, fetch, and store), the hardware would often be built with automatic wait state generation on the I/O device, pushing the data ready poll out of software and onto the processor's fetch or store hardware and reducing the programmed loop to two operations. (In effect using the processor itself as a DMA engine.) The 6502 processor offered an unusual means to provide a three-element per-datum loop, as it had a hardware pin that, when asserted, would cause the processor's Overflow bit to be set directly. (Obviously one would have to take great care in the hardware design to avoid overriding the Overflow bit outside of the device driver!)
Using only these two tools (polling, and interrupts), all the other forms of asynchronous I/O discussed above may be (and in fact, are) synthesized.
In an environment such as a Java Virtual Machine (JVM), asynchronous I/O can be synthesized even though the environment the JVM is running in may not offer it at all. This is due to the interpreted nature of the JVM. The JVM may poll (or take an interrupt) periodically to institute an internal flow of control change, effecting the appearance of multiple simultaneous processes, at least some of which presumably exist in order to perform asynchronous I/O. (Of course, at the microscopic level the parallelism may be rather coarse and exhibit some non-ideal characteristics, but on the surface it will appear to be as desired.)
That, in fact, is the problem with using polling in any form to synthesize a different form of asynchronous I/O. Every CPU cycle that is a poll is wasted, and lost to overhead rather than accomplishing a desired task. Every CPU cycle that is not a poll represents an increase in latency of reaction to pending I/O. Striking an acceptable balance between these two opposing forces is difficult. (This is why hardware interrupt systems were invented in the first place.)
The trick to maximize efficiency is to minimize the amount of work that has to be done upon reception of an interrupt in order to awaken the appropriate application. Secondarily (but perhaps no less important) is the method the application itself uses to determine what it needs to do.
Particularly problematic (for application efficiency) are the exposed polling methods, including the select/poll mechanisms. Though the underlying I/O events they are interested in are in all likelihood interrupt-driven, the interaction to this mechanism is polled and can consume a large amount of time in the poll. This is particularly true of the potentially large-scale polling possible through select (and poll). Interrupts map very well to Signals, Callback functions, Completion Queues, and Event flags, such systems can be very efficient.
Following examples shows concepts of three I/O approaches on the reading operation. Objects and functions are abstract.
1. Blocking, synchronous:
device = IO.open() data = device.read() # thread will be blocked until there is data in the device print(data)
2. Non-blocking, synchronous:
device = IO.open() ready = False while not ready: print("There is no data to read!") ready = IO.poll(device, IO.INPUT, 5) # returns control if 5 seconds have elapsed or there is data to read (INPUT) data = device.read() print(data)
3. Non-blocking, asynchronous:
ios = IO.IOService() device = IO.open(ios) def inputHandler(data, err): "Input data handler" if not err: print(data) device.readSome(inputHandler) ios.loop() # wait till all operations have been completed and call all appropriate handlers
Here is the example with Reactor pattern:
device = IO.open() reactor = IO.Reactor() def inputHandler(data): "Input data handler" print(data) reactor.stop() reactor.addHandler(inputHandler, device, IO.INPUT) reactor.run() # run reactor, which handles events and calls appropriate handlers
- The C10K Problem; a survey of asynchronous I/O methods with emphasis on scaling – by Dan Kegel
- Article "Boost application performance using asynchronous I/O" by M. Tim Jones
- Article "Lazy Asynchronous I/O For Event-Driven Servers" by Willy Zwaenepoel, Khaled Elmeleegy, Anupam Chanda and Alan L. Cox
- Perform I/O Operations in Parallel
- Description from POSIX standard
- Inside I/O Completion Ports by Mark Russinovich
- Description from .NET Framework Developer's Guide
- Asynchronous I/O and The Asynchronous Disk I/O Explorer
- IO::AIO is a Perl module offering an asynchronous interface for most I/O operations
- ACE ProactorLeggiamo insieme: Filastrocca del Qui e del Que
Filastrocca del Qui e del Que,
bimbi cari, venite da me.
Filastrocca del Quo e del Qua,
bimbi cari, vi piacerà.
C’è un quaderno con tanti quadretti;
c’è un bel quadro con tanti angioletti;
c’è una squadra di soldatini;
ci son cinque vispi bambini;
corron di qua, saltan di là;
presto la casa a soqquadro sarà.
Altra versione:
C’è un quaderno a quadretti;
un quadro con tre angioletti;
una squadra di soldati
con quattro carri armati;
cinque gomme da masticare
e una gomma per cancellare.
Tutto questo sul tavolo c’è.
Questo è il mio regno
dove io sono il Re.
Per le più belle Filastrocche per Imparare, cliccate qui!
Per le migliori Poesie Didattiche, cliccate qui!
Se cerchi le migliori Poesie sulla Scuola, clicca qui!
Se cerchi le migliori Filastrocche sulla Scuola, clicca qui!
Se cerchi altre filastrocche e poesie per la Scuola, clicca qui!In my post British English Pronunciation for the IELTS Speaking Test – vowel sounds ,I discussed what the examiner looks for in the IELTS Speaking Test, as regards pronunciation:
• the use of a range of pronunciation features, used correctly
• consistency in these features being used correctly
• how effortlessly a candidate can be understood.
And also what is meant by pronunciation in the IELTS Speaking Band Descriptors.
What are pronunciation features?
• Individual sounds (phonemes) – these are the smallest sounds in the English language that a native speaker recognises as making a difference in meaning.
• stress – the greater emphasis of some syllables or words over others during speech.
• rhythm – the regular repetition of stress in time.
• Intonation – the rise and fall of the voice when speaking.
In the following video, I’d like to look at diphthongs and how they are pronounced in British English. You can also download the British phonemic chart for your own personal reference.
Here’s to the best IELTS score possible!دو هفته نامه جامعه پویا: جمعیت بی خانمان های آمریکا که مدت زمان زیادی را در این وضعیت سپری می کنند از سال 2013 حدود 55 درصد افزایش یافته و به بیش از 12 هزار نفر رسیده است. حدود یک سوم آنها در کالیفرنیا زندگی می کنند. پیش از این رتبه اول بی خانمان های آمریکا در اختیار نیویورک بود که لس آنجلس با آمار جدید جایکاه اول را به خود اختصاص داد.
فعالان اجتماعی در کشورهای مختلف دنیا از اروپا و آمریکا تا کشورهای آفریقایی در بسیاری از موارد برای همدردی با بخش هایی از جامعه سعی می کنند با راه اندازی کمپین یا حرکتی جمعی، مردم را در تجربه کردن برخی اتفاقات سهیم کنند؛ یکی از مواردی که در سال های گذشته در کشورهای مختلف رواج پیدا کرده، تاکید و توجه بیش از پیش به معضل کارتن خواب هاست.
فعالان اجتماعی در کشورهای مختلف دنیا از اروپا و آمریکا تا کشورهای آفریقایی در بسیاری از موارد برای همدردی با بخش هایی از جامعه سعی می کنند با راه اندازی کمپین یا حرکتی جمعی، مردم را در تجربه کردن برخی اتفاقات سهیم کنند؛ یکی از مواردی که در سال های گذشته در کشورهای مختلف رواج پیدا کرده، تاکید و توجه بیش از پیش به معضل کارتن خواب هاست.
در همین راستا گروه های خیریه با دعوت از مردم برای فقط یک شب خوابیدن در خیابان ها و آن هم در هوای سرد، تلاش می کنند مردم تا حدودی با مشکلات این افراد آشنا شوند و گام های بیشتری برای حال مشکلات آنها برداشته شود. با این حال با افزایش تعداد این ساکنان خیابان ها در سال های گذشته، بسیاری بر این نکته تاکید می کنند که برای حل این معضل باید گامی فراتر از این اقدامات برداشته شود.
لندن از جمله شهرهایی است که در سال های گذشته با رشد روزافزون این مسئله رو به رو بوده است؛ در همین راستا روزنامه گاردین به استناد آمار موسسه های خیریه و فعالان اجتماعی اعلام کرد تعداد این افراد در پایتخت انگلیس در پایان سال 2015 به بیش از هفت هزار و 500 نفر رسیده؛ این در حالی است که این میزان در سال های 2009 تا 2010، حدود سه هزار و 700 نفر بود.
دلایل متعددی برای افزایش این روند در سال های گذشته مطرح شده، یکی از دلایل این است که پس از بحران مالی جهانی سال 2008 بسیاری از طرح ها برای کمک به بی خانمان ها در لندن متوقف شد. به طوری که منابع خبری از کاهش 45 درصدی این برنامه ها در فاصله ساله ای 2010 تا 2015 خبر دادند. از سوی دیگر، آمار رسمی نشان می دهد حدود 56 درصد از کارتن خواب های لندن را شهروندان غیرانگلیسی تشکیل می دهند؛ این مسئله موید این مطلب است که دولت انگلیس سیاست مناسبی برای مقابله با سیل مهاجران از دیگر کشورهای اروپایی اتخاذ نکرده است.
مانند بسیاری از بحران ها، زنان و کودکان بیش از دیگران در معرض خطر قرار دارند. آمار نشان می دهد تعداد این افراد را در میان کارتن خواب ها در کشورهای مختلف اروپایی رو به افزایش است. در همین زمینه دانشگاه ولور همپتون انگلستان با کمک گروهی از استادان، محققان و فعالان اجتماعی پروژه ای برای بررسی وضعیت کودکان کارتن خواب در بیشتر کشورهای اروپایی انجام داد؛ نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد در سال های اخیر تعداد این کودکان در شهرهای مختلف انگلستان، رشدی 12 درصدی داشته است.
اطلاعات مربوط به دیگر کشورهای اروپایی نیز حاکی از اوضاع اسفناکی بود؛ برای مثال در مجارستان و جمهوری چک تعداد این کودکان به ترتیب 36 و 38 درصد افزایش داشته است. طردشدن از سوی خانواده و امتناع از قرار گرفتن زیر پوشش کمک های سازمانی از جمله دلایل افزایش این کودکان در خیابان های اروپایی بوده است. بخشی از آنها نیز به خانواده های مهاجرانی تعلق دارند که پس از ورود به این کشورها یا رها شده یا همراه والدین خود مجبور شده اند در خیابان ها زندگی کنند.
این معضل فقط مختص به کشورهای اروپایی نیست و ایالات متحده آمریکا نیز با آن دست و پنجه نرم می کند. در آمریکا هر دو سال یک بار در شهرهای مختلف این کشور تحقیق جامعی درباره بی خانمان ها انجام می دهند. نیروهای داوطلب و فعالاناجتماعی با جست و جوی پارک ها، پیاده روهاو تونل ها به سرشماری تخمینی افرادی می پردازند که شب را در این مکان ها به صبح می رسانند. در این دو سال این گروه ها و افراد با کمک سازمان های خیریه محلی کمک هایی در اختیار افراد نیازمند قرار می دهند. طبق آخرین آماری که در پایان سال 2014 منتشر شد، حدود 578 هزار آمریکایی مجبور هستند شب ها را در خیابان ها، چادرهای موقت، ماشین ها و حومه شهرها بگذرانند.
همان طور که گفته شد سازمان های خیریه و اجتماعی در کشورهای مختلف نقش بسزایی در کمک رسانی به این افراد دارند، برای مثال در لندن گروهی با نام «دیگر شبی را در خیابان نگذرانیم»، از چند سال پیش آغاز به کار کرد که هم اکنون به دیگر شهرهای این کشور نیز کشیده شده است. افراد این گروه با جست و جو و پیدا کردن کارتن خواب ها، مواد غذایی، کیسه خواب یا خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی در اختیار آنها قرار می دهند، در صورت نیاز، آنها حتی در مسافرخانه های موقت نیز اسکان داده می شوند.
در شب های سر سال نیز پناهگاه ها و خوابگاه های اضطراری برای کمک به این افراد فراهم می شود. در این میان تکنولوژی هم به کمک گروه ها برای مقابله با این مشکل آمده است. در همین زمینه سایتی با عنوان «StreetLink» در انگلیس راه اندازی شده که اپلیکیشن آن نیز روی گوشی های هوشمند نصب می شود. شهروندان انگلیسی و ولزی با مشاهده کارتن خواب ها به این سایت مراجعه می کنند یا با ورود به برنامه آن در گوشی همراه خود، اطلاعات مکانی و همچنین تعداد افراد را در اختیار مسئولان این سایت قرار می دهند.
کارتن خواب ها نیز می توانند موارد مورد نیاز خود را به این سایت گزارش دهند. گزارش شده از زمان آغاز به کار این سایت در سال 2012، تاکنون دو هزار و 800 نفر از این طریق در خیابان های لندن کمک های مورد نیاز خود را دریافت کرده اند.
مجارستان نیز از دیگر کشورهای اروپایی است که با معضل کارتن خواب ها دست و پنجه نرم می کند. بنا به اعلام سازمان های اجتماعی، حدود 10 هزار کارتن خواب در بوداپست، پایتخت این کشور وجود دارند، دولت مجارستان در سال های گذشته با ساخت اردوگاه ها و چادرهای موقت سعی کرده تا حدودی به این افراد کمک کند؛ اما به تازگی پارلمان مجارستان قانونی را در این زمینه تصویب کرده که انتقادهای گسترده ای را در پی داشته است؛ براساس قانون جدید که از اواسط سال گذشته میلادی اجرایی شد، کارتن خواب هایی که از سوی نیروهای دولتی در خیابان ها دستگیر شوند، یا مجبور به انجام خدمات اجتماعی هستند یا باید هزینه ای را به عنوان جریمه بپردازند. منتقدان می گویند این روش فقط باعث می شود مجرم بودن نیز به دیگر مشکلات این افراد افزوده شود؛ این درحالی است که به تازگی تعداد دیگری از کشورها نیز این سیاست را در پیش گرفته اند.It’s hard to appreciate history by just reading a book. It is far more interesting to go back in time and experience history, and much more relevant to put yourself in the shoes of people who are like you who lived long ago.
Young children have a hard time relating to timelines. For them, two decades ago and two centuries ago feel the same – ancient news.
How do you get an understanding nod from kids when it comes to history? How do you make it fun?
1. Pick a local spot that has a story to it, and explore it with your kids. Every city and town has some historical aspect to it. Discover it for yourself and bring your kids along. Ask questions to get them thinking or turn the day into a scavenger hunt.
2. Tell the story in relation to
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的电影《活着，就是爱》公开预告片，其中还收录了女主与男友发生争执的一幕。
影片改编自凭借《异类婚姻谭》获得芥川奖的作家、剧作家、导演本谷有希子2020年发行的同名小说，趣里在片中饰演没有工作，整日宅在家中的女主宁子，菅田将晖饰演她的男友津奈木，女星仲里依纱饰演津奈木的前女友安堂，三个人爱恨交织，纠结地生活。
日前公开的预告片中，收录了宁子与津奈木发生争执的一幕。宁子因抑郁和过眠症闭门不出，与在出版社供职的男友津奈木同居了三年，整日在家也不做家务，只是躺在床上睡觉，而津奈木只能照顾情绪不稳定的宁子，每天外出上班，回家给她带便当。宁子与下班回家的津奈木说话，可是对方却因为疲劳和压力到了极限，态度敷衍让宁子生气，平常总会主动道歉的津奈木此时也只是冷眼相对。
趣里与菅田将晖把恋人之间紧张的气氛烘托游戏棋牌下载出来，愤怒爆发的宁子，眼神无奈冰冷的津奈木，细致的表达让后面剧情更令人期待。影片由首次挑战长篇电影的关根光才执导，出演该片的还有西田尚美、松重丰、石桥静河、织田梨沙等，影片将于11月9日在日本上映。
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本文地址：/shouji/20200630/8240.htmlAccording to the International Headache Society (IHC, 2014), pediatric migraine and specifically BPV of Childhood is classified as one of the six (6) categories of migraine. Most prevalent onset between the ages of one to five years of age. The episodes are characterized by brief attacks of incapacitating vertigo, often accompanied by nausea and emesis and postural imbalance. This condition is often a diagnosis of exclusion and there is no specific test to diagnose the condition. As migraine is best described as a genetic neurologic condition, one or both of the parents typically has history of some form of migraine. It is unrelated to BPPV associated with otoconia displacement. Although somewhat rare in infants and young children and is not uncommonly seen in children post head trauma.
A common co-morbidity of the condition in younger children is a torticollis, a unilateral contraction of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle causing a flexion of the neck and head. Once the child has been identified and managed, it will be helpful to evaluate balance function through behavioral assessment and cVEMPs.
To better familiarize the reader with the symptoms of the condition as reported by parents or caregivers (it is rarely actually seen in clinic), we are presenting a video interview of a mother who talks about her observations. In addition, we have included a short video of part of the child’s behavioral evaluation as well as the cVEMP testing. It is important to remember, that BPV of childhood is often a diagnosis of exclusion. Testing results therefore may be unremarkable.
1. Gans, RE, Evaluation and Management of Vestibular Function in Infants and Children with Hearing Loss, In JR Maddell and C Flexer, (Eds)Pediatric Audiology: Diagnosis, technology and Management 2nd Edition, Thieme, 2014
2. Ralli, G., Atturo, F., de Filippis, C., Idiopathic benign paroxysmal vertigo in children, a migraine precursor, International Journal of Pediatric Otolaryngology, 735 (2009) 516-518
3. Gans, RE , Pediatric Vestibular Conditions, In Gans RE, (Ed) Balance Disorders: Evaluation and Management in Children and Adults, Thieme, Expected release 2018吉尔吉斯斯坦自上周四爆发种族冲突以来，截止目前至少有118人在冲突中遇难。
随着冲突的升级，俄罗斯周一表示不排除武装干预的可能。
据目击者称暴徒们手持铁棍和大砍刀在街道上横行，并且用自动步枪射击逃散的人群，周围的房屋被烧成一片。
成千的乌兹别克族居民纷纷逃往乌兹别克斯坦边境地区，要求庇护或者逃往临近的村庄，以躲避这场20年来吉国最严重的暴力事件。
许多人表示这场冲突是由吉尔吉斯族挑起的，他们得到当地警察和军队的支持，这是一场幕后策划的种族屠杀。
“吉尔吉斯族人们在我们房屋附近游荡，他们放火烧了我们的房子，并且闯进屋子屠杀乌兹别克族居民。”一名乌兹别克族商人Muhammed Askerov通过电话对路透社记者表示。
引起这场冲突的最终原因尚不清楚。某些当地官员认为，这场冲突是在一家赌场中双方发生争执而引起的。 也有人认为是因为一出租车乘客拒绝支付车费引起的，还有的说是因为吉尔吉斯族妇女被乌兹别克族人强奸而引起的。
这场暴力事件可能会引发吉国内战，甚至在吉尔吉斯族和乌兹别克族之间造成全面的战争。
如果过度政府不能控制局势的发展，冲突可能会造成吉尔吉斯斯坦国家分裂，或者丧失作为一个独立国家主权的地位。In July 2010, the monsoon rains caused severe floods that in the mountain villages of Northern Pakistan and destroyed much of the infrastructure. Later that summer, Borouge supported Pakistan nongovernmental organisation (NGO) HEED to install new water supply systems to four villages in the Neelum valley region. In the summer of 2011, the partners agreed to provide new water systems to four more villages in the same region bringing the total number of people served to 5,200.
In order to provide additional protection against possible point loads in the rocky soil, the high stress crack resistant (HSCR) PE100 grade from Borouge, BorSafe™ HE3490-LS-H was chosen to produce the pipes. In one system, the route had to cross a deep valley which would have taken a considerable amount of time, effort and materials to cross. Therefore in consultation with Borouge the HEED engineers developed an innovative insulated “cable pipe bridge” to span the valley.
In July 2010, the monsoon rains caused the worst flooding seen in parts of Pakistan for more than 80 years. At its peak, the flood water covered one fifth of the total land area and over ten million people were displaced from their homes. When the flood water subsided and the people could return home, many faced scenes of devastation especially in the mountainous regions of Northern Pakistan where the floodwater had destroyed roads and bridges and of course their water supply systems.
Later in the summer following the floods, Borouge
asked Pakistan NGO HEED to replace the water
supply systems in a number of the worst effected
villages in Northern Pakistan. They selected the
villages of Mattoo, Kandol, Matteiyan and Daba
and these systems were completed by the spring剧情介绍日本侵华战争时期，日军占领大半个中国，对我国文物进行大规模的洗劫和破坏。抗日队伍攀连部得知日本政府派了一位本文物专家渡边幸雄前往宁县城西郊外盗掘夏皇陵情报后，带领弟兄在半路设伏，历经千难万险，终于成功阻止了鬼子的行动，并将所有鬼子剿灭。 共产党抗日队伍为了保护国家的文物，攀连长等人将夏皇陵内所有文物转移，但就在他们揭开夏皇陵古墓时，却发现古墓是空的。然而就在渡边幸雄这一死，他的女儿渡边惠子要来宁县把父亲的棺木给带回日本的路上遭遇土匪抢劫银行，枪战中高彻躲过一枪，子弹却向渡边惠子飞去，乔文冲上来掩护，无奈为时已晚，渡边惠子不幸死去，攀连长得知情报后，并将抗日战士许燕云化装成已被击毙的渡边幸雄的女儿渡边惠子潜入宁县日军内部，打探有关文物的运送情报以及作战路线图，从而防止国宝流失。而就在日军查到洛神赋图下落时，傍晚日军准备前去抢夺，却被潜入敌军内部的许燕云暗中破坏，敌人的两次行动遭受失败，与此同时，日军也循着蛛丝马迹已经开始察觉到有内奸通风报信，于是并敞开一系列的搜查。这时许燕云意识到了危险，也加快了行动的步伐。她注意到渡边幸雄曾经居住过的小楼已被封锁，渡边幸雄临死前绘制的路线图应该就藏在里面。隔天，日军抓到了两名抗日战士，正准备严刑拷打审问时，特务科科长江口义明心理想他们不可能从这里逃走？他们与其被日寇痛苦地折磨死，还不如……特务科科长江口义明直接拿起枪开枪打死后，不久许燕云决定铤而走险，她两次秘探小楼。第一次，她不小心惊动了日本巡逻兵，只好匆匆跳窗。第二次，她潜入小楼，刚找到路线图，却被义明发现，并在巡逻兵赶来之前，带她从地道脱险。随后，许燕云能否顺利拿到作战的路线图，将宁县的日军赶出城吗？最后江口义明在保护国家文物的战场上牺牲了。
刺锋1号电视剧全集在线观看和刺锋1号迅雷下载地址，一起体验刺锋1号西瓜影音、刺锋1号吉吉影音、QVOD快播、腾讯视频、搜狐、优酷、土豆网、乐视网、爱奇艺和百度云盘网盘等免费在线播放mp4以及720p 1080p高清版、国语版、粤语版、BD、HD资源种子thunder高清下载；刺锋1号什么时候上映播出，最新电影高清完整版、好看的电视剧全集尽在本站！查看更多 2013-11-10 14:24:01Situata in Nord Europa, la Norvegia comprende la parte occidentale della Scandinavia. Le sue coste frastagliate sono rotte da enormi fiordi e migliaia di isole che si estendono per molti chilometri. La linea di confine è condivisa con la Svezia per 1619 km, con la Finlandia per 727 km e infine a est con la Russia per 196 km.
La Norvegia è lo stato europeo più settentrionale, spingendosi alla latitudine di 71°11′ dove si trova il promontorio di Knivskjellodden, situato di poco più a nord rispetto al Capo Nord. Occupa anche la parte più occidentale della penisola scandinava, estendendosi per circa 1.700 km da nord a sud. È attraversata dal circolo polare artico; per questo nelle zone settentrionali si possono osservare fenomeni quali il sole di mezzanotte in estate e l’aurora boreale in inverno. Fa parte della Regione biogeografica boreale.
Il territorio della Norvegia continentale si estende per 323.802 km2 ed è principalmente montuoso, essendo attraversato da nord a sud dalle Alpi Scandinave. Il punto più alto è rappresentato dal Galdhøpiggen (2.469 m), situato nel massiccio del Jotunheimen; le altre cime più alte sono il Glittertind (2.465 m), fino a poco tempo fa considerato come la vetta maggiore, e lo Store Skagastølstind (2.403 m). Nella parte meridionale ci sono molte zone costiere e pianeggianti.
Legato geologicamente allo scudo baltico, il territorio norvegese ha una conformazione che di recente ha solo il sollevamento terziario e la creazione dei fiordi, avvenuta nell’ultima fase di erosione. La struttura di base, che risale ad ere molto antiche, è formata da un penepiano – ovvero una superficie di riempimento quasi piatta che può diventare pianura (se a livello del mare) o essere considerata altopiano – di rocce, su cui, durante l’orogenesi caledoniana, si innalzò violentemente la catena montuosa che oggi è la spina dorsale della penisola scandinava.
La stessa catena montuosa è poi il luogo di nascita di molti fiumi (diretti sia verso l’Oceano Atlantico e che quindi attraversano la Norvegia sia verso il Golfo di Botnia e che quindi attraversano la Svezia), nonché confine naturale e politico tra i due stessi paesi. Inoltre, nel Quaternario ebbe anche inizio l’opera di erosione e di modellamento delle glaciazioni, che scavarono profonde valli, arrotondarono i rilievi e consolidarono la rete fluviale.
In Norvegia sono frequentissimi gli altipiani, incisi dalle valli scavate dai ghiacciai; elemento dominante nel centro-sud del paese, l’altopiano è quasi assente nell’estremo nord. Nella zona più settentrionale (Finnmark) il rilievo comprende un unico vasto altopiano alto dai 300 ai 500 metri, il cui paesaggio è sporadicamente interrotto solo da alcuni gruppi collinari rari e non molto alti. Da qui si sviluppa lungo la costa la catena montuosa che corre verso sud-ovest e che attraversa tutto il paese. La parte centromeridionale è la più elevata e comprende anche alcuni ghiacciai oltre i 2000 m.
In generale il versante occidentale è ripido e scavato da valli che terminano sul mare formando i fiordi. Il lato interno dei Monti Scandinavi ha invece un’inclinazione più dolce.
Va poi detto che a tutte le latitudini sorgono porti e città ben riparati come Stavanger, Bergen (talmente protetta da essere una delle città norvegesi più piovose e meno nevose in assoluto), Trondheim, Bodø, Narvik e Tromsø. Infine, di fronte alle coste emergono ovunque, tranne che nell’estremo tratto sud-orientale, isole ed arcipelaghi come Senja e Kvaløya e gli arcipelaghi delle Vesterålen e delle Isole Lofoten.
Caratteristica dei fiumi norvegesi è il loro corso, breve e impetuoso a causa dei rilievi. Il più lungo è il Glomma (570 km), che sfocia nell’Oslofjord, mentre altri importanti sono il Pasvikelva (145 km) e il Numedalslågen (351 km). I laghi invece sono molto numerosi, circa 450.000, di cui solo 400 però con area superiore a 5 km2. Il più grande di questi è il Mjøsa (365 km2), seguito dal Røssvatnet (210 km2) e dal Femund (204 km2). Esistono anche alcune cascate, di cui la più alta misura 840 m. Il ghiacciaio più grande è lo Jostedalsbreen, con una superficie di 487 km2.
Il clima della Norvegia atlantica e artica, nonostante la latitudine, è relativamente mite: questo grazie alla Corrente del Golfo, che partendo dal Messico viene a riscaldare le acque marine delle coste atlantiche rendendo le temperature medie annuali superiori allo zero anche in zone molto più a nord del Circolo Polare Artico. Questo evita la formazione di ghiacci marini, favorendo le attività portuarie e di pesca. Le temperature medie annue delle coste vanno dai circa 7°/8° della città di Stavanger ai 3°/4° di Trondheim, fino ai 2°/3° di Vadsø.
Il rovescio della medaglia, però, è dato dalle tempeste che si formano in mare aperto intorno all’Islanda, per contrasto tra l’aria fredda continentale (proveniente da Groenlandia e isole canadesi) e le tiepide acque dell’oceano: queste tempeste, foriere di precipitazioni abbondanti, sono comuni soprattutto durante l’autunno e all’inizio dell’inverno. Durante l’estate inoltre possono esserci periodi particolarmente freschi e piovosi, oltre che con caratteristiche di spiccata variabilità. La temperatura media del mese di luglio è comunque superiore ai 15° su tutta la fascia costiera centro-meridionale fino alla regione di Sogn og Fjordane.
Diversa è la situazione ad Oslo, dove le estati sono tiepide: la temperatura media di luglio è di 17° e grazie alle molte ore di luce sono possibili temperature massime vicine ai 30° tra giugno e luglio. Per contro gli inverni sono freddi (circa -5° di media a gennaio) perché l’effetto mitigatore della Corrente del Golfo è bloccato dalle montagne: nei mesi più freddi si scende facilmente sotto i -20°, e non è raro avere minime intorno allo zero a maggio e settembre. Il vero “freddo” invernale si incontra nelle zone interne, soprattutto le contee di Oppland e Finnmark: in quest’ultima è stato registrato il record minimo di temperatura, -51° a Karasjok.
Le precipitazioni sono piuttosto abbondanti sulle regioni atlantiche, specialmente nella zona montuosa sud-occidentale dove si scarica moltissima umidità (annualmente cadono da 1500 a 3000 mm di pioggia e neve). Sono meno abbondanti al nord, ancora meno nelle zone coltivate e vicine alla capitale, con circa 600 mm all’anno. Il picco massimo è estivo o tardo-estivo nelle regioni più continentali, Oslo compresa, mentre sulla costa atlantica sudoccidentale è situato in autunno e anticipa sempre di più man mano che si sale verso nord.
Per quanto possa apparire strano, i luoghi comuni sul freddo clima norvegese non sono del tutto fondati: tuttavia è vero che la neve può impiegare parecchio tempo a sciogliersi e che ci si possono aspettare precipitazioni nevose anche ad aprile o maggio.
Fonte: WikipediaEski SLIPKNOT davulcusu
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5 issue. In her essay Nochlin not only discusses the exhibition’s dissection of stereotype and caricature in depictions of black men, but also describes how it taught her to look differently at historical artists such as Manet and Poussin. “I was struck by how preternaturally white all of Poussin’s figures are-obvious, of course, but for that very reason, unnoticed before. Not just white, but different shades of white, ranging from chalky matte pallor to rosy, ivory tones,” she writes. “But then again, not quite all. Alerted by the Whitney show, I noticed that the figures in Poussin’s largest painting,The Miracle of St. Francis Xavier, 1641, are not white at all, but yellow.” We are publishing Nochlin’s essay online in recognition of Black History Month.
The “Black Male” show at the Whitney Museum is one of the liveliest and most visually engaging exhibitions to have appeared in New York this season. Richly disparate in its offerings, ranging from traditional painting to pure textuality, from photography to the altered object, from video to installation, the show (which will open at the UCLA/Armand Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, in April) reaches out to the viewer’s eye and intellect at once. It is a multicultural event in the best, and strictest, sense of the term. Although the show’s title succinctly announces its unifying theme, the representations of the subject are as varied as the artistic imaginations involved, and the artists themselves include both people of color and whites, women as well as men, gay and straight people. The visions of black manhood they articulate are variously negative and positive, stereotypical and questioning, ambiguous and interestingly ambivalent, realistic and abstract. In general, the imagery on view speaks also of sophistication and visual inventiveness. The show challenges preconceptions even as it works, often poignantly, sometimes angrily and painfully, with misconceptions.
Of course, this is a highly political art, with all the attendant felicities. And perhaps because it makes no attempt to conceal its social engagement, the show has received an unwarranted share of dismissive or less-than-serious reviews from the mainstream press. Somehow, the notion that art might be concerned with representation, stereotype, truth and justice while at the same time maintaining a highly inventive formal and esthetic standard has, in recent years, been pushed aside by the flood of cheap anti-“political correctness” rhetoric spewed out by the popular media. This flood has now apparently crept up to higher levels of criticism as well. Whatever one makes of the current jihad against political art, the fact remains that the great Western tradition of art has always included questions of identity, of ethnicity, of national and ethnic representation, and, indeed, of outright political debate within its capacious embrace. Only very recently has Western art been distilled—or reduced—to an essence of pure form, in which any tincture of social comment is considered a taint.
Before going on to a more detailed consideration of the “Black Male” exhibition, I should like to make my own position clear. Yes, I am a believer in multiculturalism; yes, I feel that politics and social issues play an important role in both art and criticism. Why else would I be teaching David, Goya, Manet and Daumier these many years? I believe in inclusiveness—in openness to other visions and articulations besides the mainstream ones approved by the purity police. But I am also totally immersed in the great historical tradition of Western high art. And I am an esthetic creature to my very fingertips. I, like many feminist art-historical friends, swoon over Cézanne and Manet, Fragonard and Watteau, at the same time that I vibrate to Cindy Sherman or Kiki Smith or Adrian Piper. Not for nothing did I title my most recent public lecture “Why the 1860s Is the Best Decade of the 19th Century—Or Any Other.” The “Black Male” show could not have come into being outside the Western tradition, which of course includes within it, as part of its very nature, a legacy of protest and violent negation of its own values.
My first look at the “Black Male” show took place on the eve of my departure for Paris to see the great Poussin exhibition at the Grand Palais. From Paris I went on to South Africa, where, amid the unfolding of a new multicultural world, I gave a lecture on Mary Cassatt. Seeing Poussin with the “Black Male” show still on my mind made me look at this brilliant, classical but quirky artist differently. I was struck by how preternaturally white all of Poussin’s figures are—obvious, of course, but for that very reason, unnoticed before. Not just white, but different shades of white, ranging from chalky matte pallor to rosy, ivory tones. But then again, not quite all. Alerted by the Whitney show, I noticed that the figures in Poussin’s largest painting, The Miracle of St. Francis Xavier, 1641, are not white at all, but yellow. For depicting this incident, which had taken place when the saint was a missionary in Japan, Poussin used contemporary prints delineating Japanese physiognomy as the basis for his characters, who represent the different stages of understanding that accompanied the miraculous resurrection of a young girl in Kagoshima—astonishment, surprise, gratitude, despair.
But the shifts in my perception of Poussin weren’t limited to matters of skin color. The “Black Male” show also emphasizes the role of gender—the ambiguous status of maleness itself—and it made me realize the remarkable extent to which Poussin’s work involves gender issues. Mapplethorpe’s startlingly estheticized photographs of black male models, as well as Lyle Ashton Harris’s witty “Constructs” (1989), nude and seminude self-portraits, deliberate in their anti-estheticism, stayed with me, as did Dawn Ader DeDeaux’s gold-leafed Rambo (1991) and Jennie Livingston’s film Paris is Burning (1990). Together they shed new light on paintings like Poussin’s Narcissus, in which the title character offers up his lovely, doomed body to the spectator like a gift on the surface of the picture plane. They also made me think differently about paintings like Renaldo and Armida, Tancred and Herminia or Achilles Among the Daughters of Lycomedes, in which sex-role reversal is involved: men are in drag, or a powerful woman gazes down amorously at a beautiful, sleeping, available man.
Of course, the point of the “Black Male” show is not, primarily, to enable the viewer, black or white, to revise the great Western tradition. Rather, the works it presents call into question the vicious tradition of stereotype and caricature, omnipresent in both high and popular art but most widely visible in the production of mass culture, that has characterized the representation of the black male in modern times. Gary Simmons, in his installation, Step in the Arena (The Essentialist Trap), 1994, makes this point vividly with a synecdoche of reductivism: two kinds of shoes, tap and boxing, stand for stereotypical “achievement.” The path to success for the black man has been reduced to the role of entertainer, a limitation marked off by the boundaries of the “ring” itself, and further evoked by the blurred choreography defining its surface.
Yet of all the artists in the “Black Male” show, Robert Colescott most vigorously confronts the black stereotypes of popular culture. He embeds them in the icons of the Western tradition itself and sends up both through brilliant and tremendously bitter parody, a parody which depends as much on formal strategies as it does on outrageous revision of subject matter. Such parody was, of course, not unknown to the French 19th-century vanguard. Think of Manet’s deadpan send-up of Giorgione’s Fête Champêtre in his modish Déjeuner sur l’herbe, or of Titian’s idealized Venus in the brazen Olympia. Likewise, caricaturists depended on hilarious parody to pillory the past, as in Daumier’s series on the outmoded performances of classical drama or Homeric poetry. But in a work like Colescott’s Temptation of St. Anthony (1983), the specificity of the stereotype—the black man tempted by comic-strip images of white pulchritude—gives new meaning to the old trope of exaggerated homage. The stereotype of resistance to lust is both embodied in and deconstructed by the humorously intensified painterliness of the brushstrokes. Colescott overloads his academic prototype with the banality of pulp fiction and the yellow press, sources of sexual intensity from which, incidentally, the youthful Cézanne also drew for his versions of this subject.
But it is precisely in moving away from stereotype, as well as the easy construction of “positive” images, that some of the most original photographic artists in the show repudiate the very notion of an emblematic black male. Instead we get ambiguously constructed instances in which individual artists—in these cases, black women—confront, with a sophisticated and contemporary self-consciousness, particular instances of their subjects. Carrie Mae Weems, in her Untitled (Kitchen Table Series), 1990, explores the domestic relationship between a specific black man and woman in minute but fragmented detail, so that the spectator, as curator Thelma Golden points out in her perceptive introduction to the catalogue, is encouraged the enter the narrative. Lorna Simpson, in her photographic series “Gestures/Reenactments” (1985), uses a visually reduced yet intellectually complex interweaving of text and image to construct an individual in terms not merely of his body, but of his relationships to the wider community of family and friends. Still other photographic works, like Renée Cox’s It Shall Be Named (1994), refer back to traditional art forms—in this case, the shaped crucifixes of 13th- and 14th-century Italy—with deep solemnity. The modern “distortions” and elisions of Cox’s representation interact with the reference to iconic martyrdom to evoke the terrible history of lynchings, beating and emasculation visited on the bodies of black men in this country.
Whatever one thinks of the current jihad against political art, the Western art tradition has always included ethnic and national concerns in its embrace. In South Africa, at the National Gallery in Capetown, members of the Ndebele nation had enlivened the Neo-Classical facade of the building with colorful architectural decoration. Within was a striking show of remarkable art and architecture, beadwork and exterior decoration, produced by a group ravaged by the dislocations of colonialism and apartheid who nevertheless rebuild their national traditions, mainly through the cultural productions of women. “This,” said the museum newsletter, “can inspire all South Africans in our search for renewal, reinvention and nation building.”
In the next gallery, fortunately tucked away in relative obscurity, was a memento of colonialism’s contribution to the great Western tradition in South Africa. This group of 10th-rate foxhunting scenes had been donated to the gallery by a wealthy benefactor with the proviso that they always remain on view, as one shamefaced young curator admitted to me as we hurried by to see the Ndebele achievement. It was just a reminder that the Western tradition is not always so great; it contains a lot that suffers in comparison with the production of so-called minorities and the cultural workers of the “Third World.”
Such worthlessly enshrined relics also remind us that we who have inherited that tradition must constantly revise, deconstruct and reconsider it in the light of present-day concerns and passions. The “Black Male” show powerfully demonstrates the many ways in which this obligation may be accomplished. Without this force of critical, often excessive renewal—a renewal, it seems to me, now best accomplished by formerly marginalized groups and individuals—the Western tradition is not a source of vital cultural life at all but a ritualized entombment, the burial celebration of dead artifacts by ossified sensibilities.Pitfalls of Transactions with PHPby Kimberlee Jensen
Transactions -- a database management system (DBMS) feature that enables data recovery on internal errors -- raise significant controversy among developers. Some view transactions as a crutch, while others view them as a necessity.
Using transactions can save time and money, because transactions enable databases to restore themselves. But inappropriate use of transactions means wasted overhead and impeded performance. And transactions do not replace programming; sadly, some developers have foregone error trapping and data validation, thinking that transactions will catch all errors.
Transaction support in a DBMS or its table types is defined using the ACID test:
- Atomicity is an all-or-none proposition.
- Consistency guarantees that a transaction never leaves your database in a half-finished state.
- Isolation keeps transactions separated until they're finished.
- Durability guarantees that the database will keep track of pending changes in such a way that the server can recover from an abnormal termination.
Initially, the MySQL DBMS did not support transactions. As of version 3.23-max, MySQL supports transactions with two additional table types, InnoDB and BDB. InnoDB is recommended for its CPU efficiency and support of row-level and multiple-concurrency locking. Now that MySQL has full transaction support, PHP developers need to incorporate them effectively. Although PHP 4.x lacks native transaction functions, transaction statements can be used the same way as standard SQL queries.
When to Use Transactions
To maximize the use of transactions, developers should follow these simple guidelines:
Use transactions for mission-critical actions that must all complete. Completing an online purchase is mission-critical. Browsing a list of top sellers is not.
Use transactions for data subject to race conditions. Even though the database server and operating system are multi-threaded and can process multiple queries concurrently, the specific group of queries must be processed in order and cannot be processed independently out of order.
Use transactions in conjunction with, not as a replacement for data validation and programmatic error trapping.
By supporting transactions, the DBMS provides an extreme level of reliability and drastically reduces the need for manual recovery and data integrity validation. However, any transaction, by definition, adds overhead because at some level, the DBMS must lock data and take a snapshot of the data at the outset. So transactions must be used appropriately.
Transactions Versus Errors
Developers can sometimes misunderstand the definition of a transaction
failure. The transaction will fail when the database engine itself has an error
that causes a query or queries not to complete. The most common misconception
is that 0 rows returned or affected are considered a failure. For example, if a
DELETE FROM tablex WHERE fieldy = 10 returns 0 affected
rows, that is considered a successful query according to the transaction
definition because the query completed and returned its affected rows. Whether
the number of affected rows matches the expected result is a matter for
programming, not transactions.
Some developers believe transactions mean the elimination of programming, even using transactions in lieu of programmatic data validation. This is wrong: transactions are intended to recover errors made internally by the database engine or externally by extreme measures such as a power outage. Transactions were never intended to account for user errors.
Web developers must trap errors because transactions do not prevent data from being lost between the database and the web application. Theoretically, a transaction could complete successfully, but the results of the transaction could fail to reach the web application. If the web application connects to the database server through a local host connection (using the UNIX socket), this is generally not an issue unless the socket becomes corrupted or disabled. However, if the web application connects to the database via the TCP/IP socket, a packet can be dropped in transmission. From the database standpoint, the transaction has succeeded, but if the web application has lost data, it has failed.
For example, the database could execute a
successfully and return a result set, but if those data rows are lost in the
transfer to the web application, the application would show 0 as the number
of rows. This is why before looping through a result set, a developer always
needs to verify that
mysql_num_rows(result identifier) is non-zero
to make sure the web application has received the data successfully.
Assuming transactions cover all possible failures is a mistake. Programmers still need to program!
As well, database developers still need to plan. Before the programmers
begin to code the web application, the database developers must make informed
decisions about when to use a transaction-safe table. MyISAM table types
SELECT queries much faster than InnoDB types.
According to recent PHP Oracle/MySQL benchmarks, InnoDB table types handle more inserts per second than BDB table types.
For this example we will use InnoDB for our transaction-essential tables and MyISAM for tables not requiring transactions.
An Illustrated Example
Let's model a fictional e-commerce site that sells MP3 files. The database will need a table to store customer contact information and another table to represent each individual MP3 file the customer is purchasing. We will also assume the use of temporary data to hold the user's shopping cart information. We will then transfer the information to permanent tables upon checkout. Any shopping cart information that is not transferred to the permanent tables can be purged. We will use temporary tables instead of sessions to hold the shopping cart data because we want to keep statistics on user behavior, such as placing items in a shopping cart but not completing the transaction. (Once our fictional web site is as successful as Amazon, we may switch to sessions that hold shopping cart data).
The tables involved with the completion of an order will include:
Here are two of the proposed tables in the model:
CREATE TABLE order_detail ( detail_ID INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, order_ID INT UNSIGNED, mp3_ID INT UNSIGNED)
CREATE TABLE orders ( order_ID INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, customer_ID INT UNSIGNED, order_date TIMESTAMP(8), total FLOAT (6, 2), temp_order_ID INT UNSIGNED)
Transactions in the Example
The pseudo-code for what transpires during checkout reads as such:
- Insert customer data into the
- Transfer data from the temporary order tables to the permanent order tables.
- Update the permanent order tables to reflect their relationships to the
- Delete data from the temporary order tables (if necessary).
This process exemplifies a transaction, as all stages contribute to a single goal — the completion of a sale. If the database crashes during a single step of this process, we immediately want to recover and restore the information. For example, if the customer information fails to load, we want to revert the database state back to the previous state, preserving the shopping cart data in the temporary order tables.
These queries must execute in the specified order. If the deletion of data
from the temporary tables executes before the data is transferred to the
permanent tables, the operation will fail. Using transaction-safe tables will
prevent that problem. To ensure that these tables use the InnoDB handler, the
developer can use the
ALTER statement to change the table type
after creation, or tack the table type on at the end of the
statement. The latter is preferred.
CREATE TABLE orders ( order_ID INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, customer_ID INT UNSIGNED, order_date TIMESTAMP(8), total FLOAT (6, 2), temp_order_ID INT UNSIGNED) Type=InnoDB
One database can use numerous table types. Assuming
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deskbound populations is impacted by our modern habits of excessive screen time in chairs, or with limited body movement. This is often coupled with cognitive demands while using modern technology devices, now ubiquitous in the workplace and during personal time.
You may be reading this and think, “but I exercise regularly, so this does not apply to me.” If so, please read my article about repetitive motion, exercise habits, and how a lack of variety of movement is also a factor.
Those of us who do not sit at a 9-to-5 job at a computer may also think, “thank goodness this is not me.” However, you may be unaware of how much time your eyes are focused upon your smartphone, often in a gripped and hunched position.
The use of technology, the force of gravity, and today’s environment impact our muscle movements and strength, physical work capacity, and stress. This, in turn, impacts metabolic outcomes, deconditioning, the risk for musculoskeletal injury, and wellbeing.
Personal ergonomics are comprised of our biomechanical positioning habits (always loaded by gravity), repetitive motions related to our particular lifestyles, how we hold and process stress in our bodies, and “cognitive ergonomics” which address the psychological and mental impact of our physical environment on our whole system.
Statistics show epidemic levels of musculoskeletal disease (MSD), repetitive strain injuries (RSIs), and the need for better stress management. These issues are further reflected in our pain medication and Rx addiction crises.
There are warning voices regarding damages of our movement-limited lifestyles such as the teachings of my mentor Jill Miller, Katy Bowman, and others. Yet it seems that prevention education for self-care is still lacking; it is not mainstream at schools, nor workplaces yet.
Most US health insurance will “fix broken people” but pays little toward self-care and prevention. Individuals must seek out their own self-care education through yoga classes or other self-funded extra-curricular activities.
The fantastic news is that it is possible to learn do-it-yourself techniques to improve your ability to manage and navigate the pitfalls of our modern cushy world.
DIY Techniques for Good Ergonomics on the Workplace
“Ergonomics” and “human factors” include the interaction of humans with their environments. It is a huge topic for which entire books are written. Today, I will discuss body positioning, along with a few key interrelated elements of ergonomics that do not get enough attention, yet impact health profoundly.
Follow along with the practice exercises to experience this learning in your own body.
Exercise #1: CheckIn on Seated Ergonomics
Sit at your desk the way you normally would. Notice how your body feels–hips, spine, neck, etc. Use this as a baseline to check in on how you typically sit.
The science behind position, loading, and movement:
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons; the structures that support limbs, neck, and back. MSDs are the leading cause of physical disability in the US.
The top three (of four) most commonly reported medical conditions are chronic low back pain, joint pain, and disability from arthritis. Once upon a time, such conditions were usually a result of strenuous manual labor like heavy lifting, but now we see many people sustain these injuries just by sitting at desks all day.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention warns us that prolonged sitting can reduce blood flow, increase our risk for blood clots, irritate nerves, and even cause “micro-trauma” to muscles. But surprisingly, it is not just “regular folks” who are impacted by too much sitting in our modern world.
Even research on younger adult athletes shows that as high as 30% report low back pain which agrees with more recent studies showing that “very active” people, as well as the “sedentary” groups, have a greater risk for chronic diseases than we previously thought, due to too many hours of stillness.
DIY Ergonomics Technique: Pelvic positioning
To begin to sense the position of your pelvis and better understand your typical pelvic alignment, try this exercise sitting on a Coregeous® sponge ball on a low bench or chair. This can also be done on a larger exercise ball.
Exercise #2: Pelvic Tilts Sitting on Coregeous® Ball
- Rest your pelvic floor straight down on the sponge ball
- Anterior and posterior tilt your pelvis by curling your tailbone under, then tilting it up
- Next, rock your hips right to left several times, you could also circle your hips
- Sense all the different possible positions of your pelvis and how they relate to the position of your spine
- Finally, try to find an even position where your pelvis is perfectly neutral
How technology impacts stress-sleep-relaxation:
Now consider “cognitive ergonomics.” This is how mental stress and body tension, including the use of technology, impact the nervous system, sleep, and more. The combination of inactive physical habits together with nonstop mental stimuli from technology-driven devices results in a hazardous physical-mental strain that leads to a greater incidence of chronic disease, now seen at younger ages.
Research shows that our ever-increasing use of computer screen devices at work, for school and for pleasure (often late into the night), results in general fatigue, aches, and stress. This excessive “screen time” is linked to an elevated state of ‘fight or flight’ of our nervous system and is related to sleep deprivation which also raises our health risks for higher anxiety, anger, daytime exhaustion, problems focusing attention, mood swings, and even lower grades among students!
Being in a chronic state of ‘fight or flight’ negatively impacts our emotional balance well-being and actually most systems in the body. This primal stress reaction was meant to quickly save us from danger if we needed to run from a saber-toothed tiger. But, nowadays, our environment triggers us 24-7-365, and damage occurs over time if our body tries to maintain the cascade of stress hormones.
First, adrenaline kicks off a faster heart-rate and breathing and shunts blood away from our guts to our arms and legs to run, while conserving immune system power (because using energy to fight or flee is more important in an “emergency”).
The problem is that our modern “danger” is simply a screaming customer, an argument with a stranger on social media, or a traffic jam. This chronic state of stress not only impacts our cardiac and respiratory systems but also our digestive system and immune function to name a few.
Over time, this vicious cycle of stress, sleep deprivation, too much screen-time, leads to more moodiness and more tension (body and mind). It is associated with many serious long-term problems because it can actually change our brain chemistry and create tissue damage. These physiological changes can lead to sleep disturbances, insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure.
DIY Ergonomics Technique: Calm the Body Through the Breath
These techniques will help relax tense respiratory muscles that could be contributing to stress, overwhelm and sleep issues.
Exercise #3: Roll Out Stress Muscles of Respiration
Using one Roll Model® therapy ball, ease up the subclavicular respiratory muscles with deep-tissue myofascial self-massage at the wall.
- Put therapy against yoga block, or doorframe
- Lean your body weight into the therapy ball placed just under your collarbone
- Take several breaths, then slide your body right and left and wiggle your shoulder up and down
- Plug the therapy ball in one place and move that arm up and down
- Step away and notice how your shoulder feels different
Breath and ribcage mechanics:
Our statue-like habits, including slumping for long periods of time, limit the way our ribs were meant to move which alters normal breathing patterns, which in turn trips a switch in our nervous system. When our brain detects the shallow obstructed breath pattern, it thinks we are in trouble and signals a “high alert” and keeps us in a stress state (“fight or flight”) until we fix it.
In addition to poor breathing creating stress to our nervous system, we also increase our chances for backaches and create a major “amnesia” in our spine’s ability to detect body position (proprioception). This impacts our quality of movement and stiffness.
But the great news is we can easily “hack” into our primal stress response and this lousy series of events by creating relaxation and better well-being when we practice slower, deeper breathing habits.
Exercise #4: Breathe into Sternum, then Massage the Circumfrence of the Diaphragm
Using a Coregeous® sponge ball, stand at the wall.
- First, place the sponge ball at your sternum, stand upright, and breathe deeply into your chest
- Feel the sternum press into the sponge ball on inhale, and pull away on exhale
- Stay for several rounds of breath
- Next, place the sponge ball at the line of your respiratory diaphragm, where your front ribs meet
- Interlace your hands behind your head and breath into the sponge ball, sensing it
- Then, rock right to left and make a full loop tracking the circumfrence of your diaphragm
- Do this several times
- Finally, rest with your back against the sponge ball and take severall deep breaths
Aside from back and neck pain, our slumping and stuck postural habits not only cause somewhat shallow breathing, but specifically, we do not exhale properly. Poor exhalation perpetuates the “fight or flight” response which keeps us stressed out. The sad cycle of poor posture, causing aches and overall stress, is reinforced by continued shallow breathing patterns and poor ribcage movement.
Unfortunately, there is even more bad news about this state of chronic tension that involves our heart health. A measurement called heart rate variability (HRv) assesses the variation in time between each heartbeat and is a known marker of cardiovascular health, vagal tone (relaxation capability), and is a tool for predicting disease.
Decreased HRv (less variability of time between heartbeats) is associated with chronic diseases that include diabetes, coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure. Increased HRv (more variability between heartbeats) shows an ability to manage our sympathetic or “fight or flight” reactions and to switch gears. It is considered a marker of enhanced parasympathetic (“rest and digest”) nervous system health which leads to greater wellbeing.
Good news is that relaxation practices promote a more “parasympathetic state” known as “rest and digest” (versus “fight or flight”), so we can improve our HRv or vagal tone. The phrase “vagal tone” refers to the vagus nerve, a major nerve in our upper body, that controls our heart tension and heartbeat.
When we practice breathing exercises, we improve overall relaxation of our body’s environment for wellbeing and prevention of chronic disease.
The exercises in this post will help relax the nervous system while improving posture and breathing.
Exercise #5: Expand the Intercostal muscles
Stand at the wall to perform boomerang at the wall. This will help lengthen the ribcage and stretch soft-tissues that will help break the tension pattern and increase your volume of breath.
- Stand sideways at the wall
- Place your bottom hand against the wall, fingers up, approximately at waist height
- Reache the opposite arm toward the ceiling and internally rotate the shoulder so the palm faces away from the wall
- Sidebend toward the wall and place yoru fingertips against it
- Elongate through the side-body–especially the ribcage
Exercise #6: Seated Posture Support
- Sit in your office chair with a Coregeous® sponge ball at the line of your respiratory diaphragm (at the lowest ribs)
- Create impeccable poise through your torso while sitting evenly on your ischial tuberosities
- Keep your head level and gaze straight ahead with your eyes
Exercise #7: ReCheck on seated ergonomics
Sit at your desk again. Notice how your body feels different after these exercises – hips, spine, neck, etc. Attempt to embody the below alignment points.
Final Thoughts on Maintaining Healthy Ergonomics
This author’s short review of basic mechanical loading of the sedentary body illustrates how static positioning can impact ALL body systems including mental stress, cardiac, neurological and musculoskeletal health.
But, there is more emerging research showing that our chronic lack of movement and limited body use may be associated with other chronic conditions including cancer, diabetes, obesity and digestive issues.
While this article offers a brief “survivor’s guide” for sitting and electronics use, the truth is we need to move all day long. It is movement, NOT sitting and stillness, that is wired into our DNA and our primal body-systems design.
Our modern habitat deprives us of the movement variety for which our bodies were created. After 200,000 years of daily movement variety required for survival, humans have wreaked havoc on their health by use of “convenience” and modern “built environments” in only a few short decades!
In our present-day carseat, couch potato, desk-chair habits, entire body segments may go unused during a day (or more). But, for good health and wellbeing, ALL of our body’s cells and body segments require some mechanical movement pressure or vibration, not just a (blood) supply of oxygen, food-glucose, and CO2 removal.
Good self-care dictates that we continue to learn more about ergonomics and movements that our bodies crave (and rarely practice) in a healthy movement diet. Tune Up Fitness friend, Katy Bowman is an expert in body mechanics and also writes easy-to-read, scientifically sourced information about movement as a required daily “nutrient” of our cells and there is also a rich collection of information in the Tune Up Fitness library, DVDs and YouTube page.
Learn more about our Therapy Ball Products and Programs
Interested in video and blog content targeted to your interests
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Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are. New York: Hyperion.
Kang, H., Lee, H., Shim, J., Shin, Y., Park, B. & Lee, Y. (2010). Association between screen time and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents in Korea: The 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 89(1); 72–78.
Kendall, F., McCreary, E. & Provance, P. (1993). Muscles Testing and Function (4th ed.) with Posture and Pain. Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, MD
Kjaer, M., Langberg, H., Heinemeier, K., Bayer, M., Hansen, M., Holm, L., Doessing, S., Kongsgaard, M., Krogsgaard, M. & Magnusson, S. (2009). From mechanical loading to collagen synthesis, structural changes and function in human tendon. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 19, 500-510.
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He certainly studied at Rome, but his link with the abbey is not well documented and there is doubt as to whether he was ever a Benedictine monk at all.
The monastery failed by the end of the 11th century, which was earlier than the total breakdown of Benedictine monastic life in the city a century later. The circumstances seem to be unrecorded, but by the year 1138 the complex was the Roman praeceptory (convent) of the Knights Templar.
This chivalric order had been founded in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1120, after the First Crusade conquered the city in 1099, and it took over the Haram al-Sharif from the Muslims. This was the site of the former Temple, hence the name. (Incidentally, many Templar churches in Europe were round, in imitation of the Dome of the Rock which the order converted into their main church.)
As with many of their other properties, the convent was donated by the pope to the Knights Hospitaller of St John of Jerusalem, the direct ancestors of the present Knights of Malta. This was founded in Jerusalem in 1113, but the pilgrim hospice which was the original focus of its activities had already been founded by Italian merchants in 1023. It was built on the site of an old monastery dedicated to St John the Baptist, hence the full name of the order.
The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem came to an end with the fall of Acre in 1291. After a pause, the knights conquered the island of Rhodes from the Byzantine Empire in 1310 and ruled it in their own right. This is when they became a sovereign order.
About the same time as they obtained the Aventine property in 1312, the Hospitallers established a casa or hospice complex at San Giovanni Battista dei Cavalieri di Rodi near the Forum. This was their original Roman headquarters, which they had restored in 1466.
The knights were ejected from Rhodes by the Ottomans in 1522, and were granted the island of Malta by Emperor Charles V in 1530. It was then that they obtained their modern name.
The headquarters of the knights was moved was moved from San Giovanni Battista to here in 1566, and in response the complex was restored again in 1568. The former headquarters were given up (although the Knights returned to it in the mid 20th century). What was left after the two restorations was the church, plus an L-shaped wing adjacent to the church's right and a separate block attached to the far left hand side of the church.
In 1765, the entire property was remodelled on the orders of Giovanni Battista Rezzonico, who had become Grand Master of the order in 1762 and was later to be a cardinal. He was related to Pope Clement XII. Famously, he entrusted the project to Giovanni Battista Piranesi, who designed and built the church, the little convent block adjacent, the monumental entrance piazza and the gardens (although the Nolli map of 1748 shows the gardens as very similar in layout to those there now). This is Piranesi's only church, and he was proud enough of it to have himself buried there in 1778.
As an early example of the neo-Classical style on the part of a famous artist, the design of the edifice was internationally influential at the time.
When it was built, the establishment functioned in effect as the embassy of the government of Malta at Rome. However, the knights were humiliatingly expelled from Malta by Napoleon in 1798, and after the emperor's dowfall the islanders made it very clear that they preferred to be ruled by Britain.
The dispersed knights made Rome their definitive headquarters in 1834. They had to find a new rôle, and did so by undertaking humanitarian and hospital work of a sort that was later much more systematically attended to by the Red Cross. This remains their justification for existence to the present day.
Layout of premisesEdit
The Priory occupies a corner of the Aventine Hill, and has steep and inaccessible slopes on two sides. The only access is from Piazza dei Cavaliere di Malta, which was laid out by Piranesi as part of his overall design. There is a monumental entrance gateway on this, but the portal only leads into the gardens. The actual entrance is down a vicolo or alleyway from the corner of the piazza, which turns right through a gate to the front of the church. This has always been the way in historically.
Piranesi kept the old layout, but extended the buildings a little. There is a rectangular block sharing the far left hand side wall of the church, and the separate L-shaped block shares most of the right hand side wall. Piranesi extended this a little towards the entrance.
There are three separate garden areas. One is a straight garden pathway from the monumental entrance, leading to a terrace overlooking the river valley. This path is edged by high hedges, and next to it is a large pavilion or summer house. A small formal garden, not perfectly square in layout, fits into the L-shaped block and marks the site of the old abbey cloister. To the south of this is a larger, main garden.
That is all.
The monumental piazza was an innovation by Piranesi, as no piazza was here before. It has screen walls on three sides, the way in to the Priory at top right and the garden gateway to the right.
The far wall has a tablet commemorating the work commissioned by Cardinal Rezzonico. This is part of a stele set into the wall with a segmental pediment, embellished by a pair of ball finials. This structure is flanked by obelisks, and two pairs of ball finials are on top of the wall on either side. The epigraph reads: Ioannes Baptista Rezzonico, SS Domini nostris Clementis PP XIII fratris filius ac magnus prior, ut locum maiestatem augeret, aream hanc laxandam curavit APGN MDCCLXV.
The left hand wall has two steles with segmental pediments, similarly set into the wall. These are also flanked by obelisks, and are on either side of a monumental and tall round-headed stele on top of the wall. The three feature shields bearing the cross emblem of the Order, fantistically embellished (note that the two side stelas have different decorations). The side stelas features the familar Maltese cross, but the central stela features the earlier Greek cross used by the Knights of Rhodes. The change in the symbol occurred in the 15th century.
The garden entrance features an armilustrium, which was a ritual cleaning and storage of weapons of war in ancient Roman times. The theme is taken up in the decoration of the church.
The portico is a horizontal rectangular composition, with an entablature running along the top. Above the arched entrance portal is a triangular pediment, and the frontage below this is brought forward slightly as are vertical strips at the outer corners. Eight tasselled pendant block posts are attached to the entablature, with narrow panels below those at the outer corners and flanking the portal so as to give the impression of pilasters. These four posts have the Maltese cross embellished with ribbons below them.
Flanking the portal are four recessed blank tablets with frames in relief. Above these are two horizontal rectangular panels featuring the armilustrum, and also the double-headed eagle within a wreath (the eagle derives from the Rezzonico coat-of-arms). Between these panels and the four below are four shields with the Rhodes cross. Over the portal is a relief of a ship with flags.
The left hand armilustrum panel features a snake, which occurs also on the church façade. Some people find this sinister, but it derives from the caduceus which is a symbol of the medical profession.
The keyhole of the door of the monumental gateway is famous, and is now on the main tourist trail in Rome. This is because, if you look through it and the weather permits, you'll see that the dome of St Peter's is perfectly and symmetrically framed by the two tall hedges either side of the garden path. The keyhole was deliberately located here, as part of Piranesi's excellent design.
The keyhole has predictably attracted urban legends. One, certainly false and probably malicious modern one alleges that the author Dan Brown urinated through the keyhole into the eye of a Dutch woman tourist while on a visit to the Priory. This is a recent recesion of a legend that goes back decades, if not centuries. Another modern one, which proves that the people who invent such things keep up with the times, alleges that a woman tourist had hysterics after finding herself viewing a pornographic video on somebody's mobile phone. The knights and the organizers of visits apparently know nothing of any of this, and claim that visitors to the Priory would be too cultured and well-behaved to do such things (as if).
This is a rather small church. It is on a rectangular plan, with a nave of four bays, a sanctuary of a single bay and a segmental apse. The side walls are invisible, being enclosed by the two wings of the domestic quarters.
It is unclear how much of the older church survived in the Piranesi reconstruction. The church is usually described as 18th century, but earlier fabric is probably lurking beneath the stucco.
The church apse faces the gardens, and so is decorated. Facing it, the right hand side is embedded in the building adjacent. There is a large rectangular window, flanked by two pairs of blind pilasters supporting a roofline entablature. Above the window is a heraldic device extolling the Rezzonico family again; a Rhodes cross with festoons and ribbons accompanies the double-headed eagle, and also two medallions with a tower and bends sinister which come from the family shield.
Above the apse, the gable of the roof is formed into a pediment with a slightly oval window in the tympanum forcing the cornice to loop over it. There are two towers flanking the window, and a cross over it. The right hand end of the pediment also vanishes into the building adjacent.
The basic design of the façade is very straightforward, but the detailing is fantastic. It has a single storey, with four gigantic ribbed pilasters supporting an entablature with a triangular pediment. The molded doorcase has its own triangular pediment, raised on curlicued brackets. Above the entrance pediment is a large oculus or circular window. There is a complete absence of any epigraphs.
The pilasters have very odd capitals, comprising a pair of sphinxes facing a Rezzonico tower. They also have each a panel bearing a device resembling the standard of a Roman legion. A pair of larger and more complex versions of these flank the entrance. The crowning entablature has no architrave, a dentillated cornice and a frieze decorated with a pattern called the Greek meander.
The pediment tympanum has a complex device featuring the Rhodes cross over flags and shields, all embellished with a stole.
The oculus has very compex decoration. It is surrounded by a wreath tied with ribbon, itself surrounded by a ring of scales of armour. Above is a long, narrow blank tablet inserted over the entablature frieze. To the sides are panels of curving decoration again recalling ancient Roman armour (this decoration has been described as strigillate, as on some ancient sarcophagi). This in turn is flanked by a pair of snakes, companions to the one on the garden portico which you've already seen.
The interior is entirely in white -there is almost no colour, except from the heraldic banners that might be displayed. Scholars from the Renaissance onwards were deluded into thinking that Classical buildings and statuary were all in white -utterly false, but a very convenient falsehood nevertheless.
The often fantastic stucco decorations were all designed by Piranesi.
The counterfaçade records repairs done to the church after it was hit by French artillery during the suppression of the Roman Republic in 1849.
Each of the side walls of the nave has an arcade of four arches, separated by ribbed Ionic pilasters which support an entablature that runs around the church. The frieze of the entablature has rosettes and acanthus leaves.
The barrel-vaulted ceiling springs from this entablature, and is cut by four triangular window lunettes on each side. The window lunettes contain tondi showing relief portraits of the Apostles, embellished with garlands. The central ceiling panel has a very intricate stucco panel showing an armilustrum in glory.
Some people find this church creepy, and this is because there is a serious lack of devotional imagery. In any normal Roman church, the arcade arches would contain side chapels or altars. Here they do not, but the arched niches contain various sepulchral monuments with Piranesi stucco ornaments above. Some of these memorials are mediaeval, but have been given 17th or 18th century fittings. They are described anticlockwise, beginning from the right of the entrance.
The first niche on the right contains a memorial to bishop Baldassare Spinelli, 15th century. It has a re-used 3rd century ancient Roman sarcophagus, with a high relief frontal showing Minerva and the Muses.
The second niche on the right is the tomb of Piranesi, buried here. His statue depicts him as a Roman patrician in his toga, and is by Giuseppe Angelini 1780.
The third niche on the right has a memorial to Grand Master Galeas von Thun und Hohenstein, 1931 with a bust. He takes much of the credit for organizing the Order's modern charitable activities. The monument uses carved marble pluteus slabs which look 10th century.
The fourth niche on the right is the tomb of Monsignor Bartolomeo Carafa, who died in 1405. The memorial was executed by Paolo Romano, with a prone effigy. Very few works by this Roman sculptor have been preserved. The fourth niche on the left contains a lush Baroque monument to Cardinal Joaquín Fernández de Portocarrero, 1760 by Luigi Salmeni. The work is based on a grey marble obelisk panel, and features a portrait of the deceased being played with by putti. The portrait is one of the few spots of colour in the church.
The third niche on the left has a monument to Riccardo Caracciolo, re-using another ancient Roman sarcophagus with panelled decoration. It is 15th century, with a recumbent effigy.
The second niche on the left contains an interesting cubical piece of carved stonework which is claimed to be a Byzantine ciborium or altar of the 12th century. Note the peacocks on the front.
The first niche on the left has a memorial to Sergio Serpando 1465 with another recumbent effigy.
The sanctuary bay has its own vault, focusing on an oculus surrounded by stucco decoration which includes eight medallions depicting scenes from the life of Our Lady. The oculus throws natural light on to the altar. The spectacular high altar, made of stucco, has a statue group depicting The Glory of St Basil. It is by Tommaso Righi, to a design by Bernini. The altar itself has strigilate decoration surrounding an oval aperture, as if some saint was enshrined here (who?). The sculpture is based on a sarcophagus, into which is inserted a globe on which St Basil is sitting, accompanied by angels and putti. Below there is a medallion showing a relief of Our Lady accompanied by the Christ-Child and the infant St John the Baptist.
Each side wall of the sanctuary has a pair of ribbed Ionic columns, flanking a doorway into the convent. Above this is a relief of an ornately decorated sarcophagus, and then a tablet with an epigraph extolling the patronage of Cardinal Rezzonico on the one hand, and Pope Clement on the other. Inserted into the apex of the lunette is another tondo depicing an apostle.
The apse behind the altar contains the throne of the Grand Master. The apse wall has more Corinthian columns supporting an entablature on which the conch rests. Below the latter are the final two apostles, making a total of twelve. The conch is treated so that it looks as if an enormous scallop shell has been laid over a coffered vault in octagons with rosettes. The scallop contains the full coat-of-arms of Cardinal Rezzonico.
In the floor there are surviving mediaval tomb-slabs, one with an effigy.
The church is not open to casual visitors, not even for an entrance fee. There are two ways to get in:
Join a guided tour. These are available online, so do a search for "Maria del Priorato" "visita guidate" for details. Be warned that these can be expensive. You have to pay for the tour, and also for the admission that the Knights levy. Certain of the tours are by organizations which require a membership fee on top of that (!).
Apply to the Knights at their headquarters at Via dei Condotti 68. Contact details are here. This has to be done in advance; in the past, visits could be arranged on Saturday mornings and cost nothing, but both of these points are obviously liable to change.
If you are visiting Rome on a trip or holiday, you need to sort the details of your visit out beforehand, in good time, in order to avoid disappointment.
Nolli map (look for 1075) (Before Piranesi.)Inducing Dipoles with a Van de Graaff Generator
Next, the Van de Graaff generator induces a positive charge on the closer side of a helium-filled conducting balloon, attracting it towards the generator. When it touches the generator, it picks up a net negative charge and is repelled away. When it hits the demonstrator (who can be thought of as "ground"), the net negative charge is removed and it is once again attracted to the generator.
The last clip combines these two ideas. The two outer bells are connected by a conducting rod and form a dipole in the field of the Van de Graaff generator, while the inner bell is grounded. The small balls are attracted to the outer bells the same way that the balloon was attracted to the generator. Once the balls hit the outer bells, they pick up a net charge and are repelled away. When the balls hit the grounded bell they lose their net charge and are attracted back to the outer bells. As you can see, the chimes do not work when the Van de Graaff generator is grounded.
A Van de Graaff generator is a machine that produces a lot of charge (in our case negative) on the outside of a conducting sphere. It was developed by Robert J. Van de Graaff, an MIT professor.
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ACTS: A Python based interface to ACTS tools and parallel scientific applications (2009)
- Li, Xiaogang; Agrawal, Gagan: Supporting high-level abstractions through XML technology (2004)
Further publications can be found at: http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/publications/bibliography/bibliography.htmlThe Library of Congress's General Collection includes a great deal of material reflecting the enormous popular interest in ornithology and bird-life which flourished in the United States in this era, mingling science, sentiment, piety, moral didacticism, and--not least--conservation advocacy, and providing the American conservation movement itself with both significant direction and a major portion of its popular support. After consulting works included in the Conservation Collection, readers who have direct access to the Library, or to other major research libraries, might wish to look at titles such as those on the list below. They might also wish to consult some of the titles on four other Additional Resources lists, "The Nature Essay, c.1850-1920", "Arbor and Bird Day Observance, c.1872-1920", "Juvenile Nature Literature and Nature Pedagogy, c.1850-1920", and "Sportsmen and Conservationism, c.1850-1920."
Conservation Collection Home Page
Abbott, Charles Conrad. The birds about us. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott company, 1895.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.A14
Bailey, B.H. 200 wild birds of Iowa: a handbook for use in schools, and as a guide in identification for all who desire to become acquainted with our common birds. Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Audubon nature publications co., 1906.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL684.I6B2
Bailey, Florence Merriam. Handbook of birds of the western United States, including the Great Plains, Great Basin, Pacific Slope, and lower Rio Grande Valley.... With thirty-three full-page plates by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, and over six hundred cuts in the text. Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1902.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL683.B33
Baily, William L. Our own birds: a familiar natural history of the birds of the United States.... Revised and edited by Edward D. Cope, Corresponding Secretary of the Acadamy of Natural Sciences. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1869.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.B13
Baynes, Ernest Harold. Wild bird guests: how to entertain them. With chapters on the destruction of birds, their economic and aesthetic values, suggestions for dealing with their enemies, and on the organization and management of bird clubs... With 50 photogravure illustrations from photographs. New York, E.P. Dutton & company, 1915.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.5.B35
Bignell, Effie. Mr. Chupes and Miss Jenny: the life story of two robins. New York, The Baker and Taylor company, .
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.B59
Blanchan, Neltje. How to attract the birds; and other talks about bird neighbours. New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1902.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.D75
Brewster, William. Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club. No. IV. The birds of the Cambridge region of Massachusetts. Cambridge, Mass., published by The Club, 1906.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL684.M4B8
Burba, George F. Our bird friends. Containing many things young folks ought to know--and likewise grown-ups. New York, The outing publishing company, 1908.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.B93
Chapman, Frank M. Bird-life: a guide to the study of our common birds. New York, D. Appleton and company, 1897.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.C44 1897
Chapman, Frank M. Bird studies with a camera; with introductory chapters on the outfit and methods of the bird photographer.... with over one hundred photographs from nature, by the author. New York, D. Appleton and company, 1900.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.C47
Chapman, Frank M. Camps and cruises of an ornithologist. New York, D. Appleton and company, 1908.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.C445
Chapman, Frank M. Color key to North American birds. New York, Doubleday, Page & company, 1903.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.C47
Chapman, Frank M. The economic value of birds to the state. Albany, J.B. Lyon company, printers, 1903.
LC CALL NUMBER: SB995.C46
Chapman, Frank M. Handbook of birds of eastern North America, with keys to the species and descriptions of their plumages, nests, and eggs, their distribution and migrations, and a brief account of their haunts and habits, with introductory chapters on the study of ornithology, how to identify birds, and how to collect and preserve birds, their nests, and eggs. New York, D. Appleton and company, 1895.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.C46
Chapman, Frank M. Our winter birds: how to know and how to attract them. New York and London, D. Appleton and company, 1918.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.C48
Chapman, Frank M. What bird is that? A pocket museum of the land birds of the eastern United States arranged according to season. New York and London, D. Appleton & company, 1920.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.C5
Coues, Elliott. A check list of North American birds. Salem, [Mass.], Naturalists' agency, 1873.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL677.C85
[Coues, Elliott.] The Coues check list of North American birds. Second edition, revised to date, and entirely rewritten, under direction of the author, with a dictionary of the etymology, orthography, and orthoepy of the scientific names, the concordance of previous lists, and a catalogue of his ornithological publications. Boston, Estes and Lauriat, 1882.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL677.C86
Coues, Elliott. Key to North American birds; containing a concise account of every species of living and fossil bird at present known from the continent north of the Mexican and United States boundary. Salem, [Mass.], Naturalists' agency, 1872.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.C85 1872
Davie, Oliver. The naturalist's manual, containing descriptions of the nests and eggs of North American birds.... Also, instructions for collecting and preserving birds, nests, eggs & insects. Columbus, Ohio, The Columbus printing works, 1882.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL675.D29
Dixon, Royal. The human side of birds. New York, Frederick A. Stokes company, publishers, .
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.D65
Eyer, Benjamin F. Birds of Kansas. Topeka, Kansas, Crane & company, publishers, 1900.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL684.K2E9
Fish, Eldridge Eugene. The blessed birds; or, highways and byways. Buffalo, N.Y., published by Otto Ulrich, .
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.F53
Forbush, Edward Howe. A history of the game birds, wild-fowl and shore birds of Massachusetts and adjacent states. Including those used for food which have disappeared since the settlement of the country, and those which are now hunted for food or sport, with observations on their former abundance and recent decrease in numbers; also the means for conserving those still in existence. [Boston], issued by the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture by authority of the Legislature, 1912.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL684.M4F7
Forbush, Edward Howe. Useful birds and their protection. Containing brief descriptions of the more common and useful species of Massachusetts, with accounts of their food habits, and a chapter on the means of attracting and protecting birds. [Boston], published under direction of the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, by authority of the Legislature, .
LC CALL NUMBER: SB995.F7
Herrick, Francis Hobart. The home life of wild birds: a new method of the study and photography of birds. New York and London, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1901.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.H56
Home Savings Bank, Toledo, Ohio. Saving the birds. Toledo, Ohio, 1917.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.H7
Howe, Reginald Heber, Jr. On the birds' highway. Boston, Small, Maynard & company, 1899.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.H85
James, George Wharton. The story of Scraggles. Boston, Little, Brown and company, 1906.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.J28
Job, Herbert Keightley. Wild wings: adventures of a camera-hunter among the larger wild birds of North America on sea and land. Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin & company, .
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.J65
Keyser, Leander S. Bird-dom. Boston, D. Lothrop company, .
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.K42
Keyser, Leander S. Birds of the Rockies.... With eight full-page plates (four in color) by Louis Agassiz Fuertes; many illustrations in the text by Bruce Horsfall, and eight views of localities from photographs. With a complete checklist of Colorado birds. Chicago, A.C. McClurg and co., 1902.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.K44
Keyser, Leander S. Our bird comrades. Chicago, Rand, McNally & company, .
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.K46
Lange, D[ietrich]. Our native birds: how to protect them and attract them to our homes. New York, The Macmillan company, 1899.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.L26
Lattin, Frank H. The oologists' handbook. 1885. [Rochester, N.Y., J.P. Smith], 1884.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL675.L37
Lewis, Grace Anna. Natural history of birds. Lectures on ornithology in ten parts. Part I. Philadelphia, J.A. Bancroft & co., .
LC CALL NUMBER: QL677.L67
Long, William J. Fowls of the air. Boston and London, Ginn & company publishers, 1901.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.L84
Lord, William Rogers. A first book upon the birds of Oregon and Washington: a pocket guide and pupil's assistant in a study of most of the land birds and a few of the water birds of these States. Portland, Oregon, William Rogers Lord, 1901.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL684.O6L8
Mathews, F. Schuyler. Field book of birds and their music. A description of the character and music of birds, intended to assist in the identification of species common in the eastern United States.... With numerous reproductions of water color and pen-and-ink studies of birds, and complete musical notations of bird songs by the author. New York and London, G.P. Putnam's sons, 1904.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.M35
Maynard, Chas. J. Eggs of North American birds. Boston, De Wolfe, Fiske & co., 1890.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL675.M47
Merriam, Florence A. A-birding on a bronco. Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1896.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.B15
Merriam, Florence A. Birds of village and field: a bird book for beginners. Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1898.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.B12
Merriam, Florence A. Birds through an opera glass. Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1889.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.B17
Merriam, Florence A. How birds affect the farm and garden. A series of facts determined by investigation of the food habits of our common birds, showing their character as insect destroyers and their value as allies of the farmer and fruit grower. New York, Forest and Stream publishing company, .
LC CALL NUMBER: SB995.B15
Miller, Olive Thorne. A bird-lover in the West. Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1894.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.M655
Miller, Olive Thorne. The bird our brother: a contribution to the study of the bird as he is in life. Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1908.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.M718
Miller, Olive Thorne. Bird-ways. Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1885.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.M64
Miller, Olive Thorne. In nesting time. Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1888.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.M685
Miller, Olive Thorne. Little brothers of the air. Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1892.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.M719
Nelson, Harry Leverett. Bird-songs about Worcester. Boston, Little, Brown, and company, 1889.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL684.M4N4
Parkhurst, H.E. The birds' calendar. New York, Charles Scribner's sons, 1894.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.P23
Peabody, Selim H. Cecil's book of birds. Chicago, Clarke and company, 1869.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.P37
Pearson, T. Gilbert, John Burroughs, George Gladden, and J. Ellis Burdick, eds. Birds of America. 3 vols. New York, The University society, inc., .
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.B6
Porter, Gene Stratton. What I have done with birds: character studies of native American birds which, through friendly advances, I induced to pose for me, or succeeded in photographing by good fortune, with the story of my experiences in obtaining their pictures. Indianapolis, The Bobbs-Merrill company, publishers, .
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.P846
Reed, Chester A. Bird Guide. Part I. Water birds, game birds and birds of prey east of the Rockies. Worcester, Mass., Chas. K. Reed, 1906.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL683.R32
Reed, Chester A. Illustrated bird dictionary and note book: land birds of eastern North America. Worcester, Mass., Chas. K. Reed, .
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.R42
Reed, Chester A. Illustrated bird dictionary and note book: water birds, game birds, and birds of prey. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Page & co., 1912.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.R43
Ridgway, Robert. A manual of North American birds. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott company, 1887.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.R53
Seton-Thompson, Ernest. Bird portraits.... With descriptive text by Ralph Thompson. Boston, Ginn & company, 1901.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.S49
LCCN: 01-31792 Revised
Torrey, Bradford. Birds in the bush. Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1885.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.T68
Webber, C.W. Wild scenes and song-birds. New York, Riker, Thorne and company, 1855.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.W37
Weed, Clarence M., and Ned Dearborn. Birds in their relation to man: a manual of economic ornithology for the United States and Canada. Philadelphia and London, J.B. Lippincott company, 1903.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.W39
[Wicks, J.B.] My bird parishioners. [Utica, N.Y., L.C. Childs & son, printers, 1896.]
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.W63
LCCN: 05-18539 rev
Wicks, John Bartlett. Bird paradise: an intimate account of a lifelong friendship with bird parishioners. Philadelphia, George W. Jacobs & company, publishers, .
LC CALL NUMBER: QL676.W6
Wright, Horace Winslow. Birds of the Boston Public Garden: a study in migration. Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin company, 1909.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL684.M4W8
Wright, Mabel Osgood. Birdcraft: a field book of two hundred song, game, and water birds.... With full-page plates containing 128 birds in the natural colours, and other illustrations. New York and London, Macmillan and co., 1895.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL681.W94
American ornithology. For the home and school. Worcester, Mass.; publication begun in 1901.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL671.A5
The Audubon magazine. Published in the interests of the Audubon Society for the Protection of Birds. New York, N.Y.; publication begun in 1887.
LC CALL NUMBER: QL671.A8
The Auk: a quarterly journal of ornithology.... Published for the American Ornithologists' Union.
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昆卡有可能去阿贾克斯，阿费莱要么回埃因霍温要么去英超。博扬不指望后续被租费了，然而巴萨照旧愿意出租他，红蓝军团对Bo Yang还保有最终的只求。
** 2007年，奥耶尔从皇族联合加盟巴萨二线队，在二〇〇九-贰零壹零赛季成功了和睦的巴萨处子秀，但那6年来，他的身份在巴尔德斯和平托以下，很难取得机会。奥Yale不久前曾经和队友们开首说告别了。
蒂亚戈今夏前途未卜，他的兄弟拉菲尼亚平等如此。Rafinia下赛季本应升入一队，但出演时间自然不能取得保险，出租在外成了她最切实的选料。据《每天体育报》披露，塞尔塔和皇族社会都指望租售拉菲尼亚。拉菲尼亚爹爹马津霍曾效忠过塞尔塔，而皇家社会足球俱乐部（Real Sociedad de Fútbol）下赛季有欧冠参赛资格。
**小Dos Santos(二〇一六年，2三周岁)
越来越多关于”普约尔
比利亚
巴萨“的新闻
** 和二〇一八年场馆相同，巴萨并不将小Dos Santos就是现在计划中，埃弗顿、塞维利亚等球队也想要他，但墨西哥小将不甘于离开。今夏，巴萨希望小多斯能接纳转会离开。
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** 巴尔特拉(2016年，二十一周岁)
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** 那是贰个很费力的采纳，Bila诺瓦表示俱乐部愿意和巴尔特拉续约，但巴尔特拉知道自身在球队只好排到第5三沙的职责：皮克、普约尔、小马哥、Adriano以及一名新援之后。U21欧青赛之后，巴尔特拉将考虑自个儿的前途。
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**丰塔斯(2015年，23岁)
** 在从马洛卡承租回归之后，丰塔斯也相应知道自身在球队并不曾太好的前景。丰塔斯可以两次三番被租费在外漂泊，恐怕直接转接，甚至是截止合同，让他即兴转会离开。丰塔斯最有只怕的下家，或者是科库的埃因霍温。
相关情报
**拉菲尼亚(二〇一四年，20岁)
** 依据合同规定，今夏Rafinia将唤起到一线队，但她将会被租用出去。巴萨希望他能进入一支能踢欧冠或欧联的球队，多收获比赛机会。然而前B队主帅Louis-恩里克希望拉菲尼亚去塞尔塔，那只怕也是二个不错的选项。
普约尔:伤病曾让自个儿萌生退意
没考虑转会想踢到40
**蒂亚戈(2015年，22岁)
Hong Kong时间八月13日黎明（英文名：lí míng），巴萨队长普约尔在巴萨俱乐部的新闻公布会上，披露本人曾经考虑过退役，而不是传闻中的倒车到AC马德里足球俱乐部俱乐部，西班牙王国晋城受到了惨重膝盖伤病后，苏醒状
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** 那是最灵敏的标题，Tiago和巴萨还有两年合同，但出于出场不到百分之六十，他的失约金从7000万降到1800万。Tiago希望拿到越多的空子，他想参加2016年世界杯。曼联、曼城、拜仁都盼望赢得蒂Yago，U21欧青赛之后，蒂亚戈将决定本身的以往。
** 阿费莱(2015年，26岁)
普约尔豪言二〇一八年将赢更多名宿:巴萨就是比皇家马德里（Real Madrid Club de Fútbol）强
** 阿费莱从沙尔克租下回归到巴萨，但Bila诺瓦并不打算将他列入下赛季布署中。荷兰人只怕继续租费生涯，恐怕永远离开。即使得不到好的转化，巴萨会考虑截止合同。
巴萨在西班牙足球甲级联赛联赛第①6轮中失败了巴拉多利德，顺利地得到3分后也通向周密的百分亚军又迈进了一步，赛中的第暂时间，巴萨在诺Camp举行了捧杯庆典，最然很不难，但主教练Bila诺瓦和
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**博扬(2015年，22岁)
** 从罗马和米兰的租售期截至之后，博扬重返巴萨。晋州只想出500万买断Bo Yang，可是被巴萨拒绝。汉堡表示期待收获Bo Yang，但Bo Yang想要去英超。
迈阿密动态
** 德乌洛费乌(前年，110虚岁)
** 德乌洛费乌不久前续约到二零一七年，Bila诺瓦也很喜爱她。但比帅也了然，走出去对德乌来说更好，加的夫想要签下他，有Klopp在，德乌洛费乌应该会有很好的升高。
巴萨pkChelsea曼彻斯特联（Manchester United）追曼加拉那不勒斯（Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli）欲挖马化腾（Pony）
** 昆卡(2015年，22岁)
中卫地点，是巴萨引进内马尔后的下一个补强对象，无数鹤岗与巴萨传出了绯闻。最新的绯闻对象，是二十四周岁的法国左脚将曼加拉。据《每天体育报》披露，巴萨希望得到那名前途无量
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** 阿贾克斯还想租售昆卡一年，但损害手术让昆卡的前程变得一定微妙。在瓜香奈儿拉时期赢得启用的昆卡，因为受伤很难在巴萨立足。
**比利亚(2014年，31岁)
Bailey：内马尔未来能强过梅西是本身劝她拒绝英国一级联赛（Premier-League）
** 比巴塞尔肯定离开巴萨，尽管现方今下家未知。阿森纳和热刺都提出很好的合同待遇。由于Villa和巴萨仅有1年合同，巴萨只怕会承受1000万美元的报价。内马尔加盟之后踢右边锋，比利亚的岗位就更少了。
在内马尔眼中，Messi是他永世的偶像。但在Bailey看来，内马尔将来有大概跨越梅西。在收受《阿斯报》采访时，Bailey宣称内马尔将来有可能会比梅西更强。Bailey同时提议，是他提出内马
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**桑切斯(2015年，24岁)
** 原则上的话，桑切斯在巴萨有一席之地，那是教练组的操纵。智利人那多少个赛季的表现如故让巴萨感到满足。但即使接到两千万至2500万的价码，巴萨如故会设想是还是不是将Sanchez卖掉。
** 特略(2016年，21岁)
** 特略的违约金仅有一千万加元，很多大俱乐部有能力消费一千万直接挖走他，甚至送交双倍的薪给，比如利物浦。但U21欧青赛停止之后，Special或许会和巴萨完结续约。جو بایدن دوره آینده ریاست جمهوری خود را “زمان بهبودی” برای ملت ، هم از ویروس کرونا و هم از تنش های مختلف اجتماعی ، توصیف کرد شنبه شب به جمع طرفدارانش.
این اولین سخنرانی بایدن از زمان اعلام پیروزی شبکه ها برای نامزد دموکرات در انتخابات ریاست جمهوری بود.
“وقت آن رسیده است که سخنان تند را حذف کنید ، درجه حرارت را کاهش دهید ، دوباره یکدیگر را ببینید ، دوباره به یکدیگر گوش دهیدبایدن گفت: “و برای پیشرفت ، باید از دشمنان با دشمنان خود دست بکشیم.” “آنها دشمن ما نیستند ، آنها آمریکایی هستند.”
بایدن ادامه داد ، “کتاب مقدس به ما می گوید که برای همه چیز یک فصل وجود دارد. زمان ساخت ، زمان برداشت و زمان کاشت – و زمان بهبودی. زمان بهبودی در آمریکا فرا رسیده است. “
معاون سابق رئیس جمهور قول داد که روز دوشنبه گروهی از دانشمندان و متخصصان پزشکی را تشکیل دهد تا تیم انتقال خود را برای مقابله با بیماری همه گیر تشکیل دهد.
“مردم ، کار ما با تسلط بر COVID آغاز می شود. بایدن گفت: “ما نمی توانیم اقتصاد را درست کنیم ، نشاط خود را بازیابی کنیم یا از گرانبهاترین لحظات زندگی لذت ببریم … تا زمانی که بر آن مسلط شویم.”
در همین حال ، رئیس جمهور ترامپ هنوز انتخابات را به بایدن واگذار نکرده است. ترامپ و متحدانش قول داده اند که برای شمارش در ایالت های اصلی از جمله ویسکانسین ، میشیگان و پنسیلوانیا بجنگند.
ترامپ در اوایل روز شنبه در بیانیه ای گفت: “واقعیت ساده این است که این انتخابات به پایان نرسیده است.” “از روز دوشنبه ، مبارزات انتخاباتی ما پیگیری پرونده ما را در دادگاه آغاز می کند تا اطمینان حاصل شود که قانون انتخابات کاملاً رعایت می شود و برنده قانونی در آن نشسته است.”
ارسال مشاوره به تیم خبری در نه
منبع: star-news.irSilver and white are unusual colors for conifers. These plants can range from a creamy-white color to a shimmering silver-blue.
Conifers that have a silvery hue add a burst of bright color in the landscape. Some varieties show silver-white needle undersides while others have such a light blue coloration that they appear silver! Many silver-colored conifers are also useful to plant in shady areas of the garden because their light-colored foliage prefers indirect sun. The varieties on this page show silver or white color either seasonally or year-round. On each product page, a full description as well as growth information is provided. Find the perfect golden conifer for your garden by using the search filters on the left to meet your needs.
COLOR "Silver" is a category we use for describing conifers with remarkably light-colored foliage, including everything from the silver undersides of the needles on Korean Firs (Abies koreana) to the silver-blue color of some Chamaecyparis or Colorado spruces (Picea pungens).
LANDSCAPE USES This color palette looks especially stunning when contrasted with a dark green or burgundy color! The shimmering color of these conifers also provides an excellent backdrop for brightly colored blossoms like tulips or peonies.
GOOD FOR SHADE It is often tricky to grow conifers in the shade, as many of them only thrive in full sun. However, many of the silver-white conifers feel right at home in a shadier part of the garden since their light-colored growth can burn in direct sun.\
If you are looking for a conifer with unique coloration, one of our silvery selections is sure to become a stunning focal point (and one of your favorite plants) in your garden!Come si fa a capire se una ristrutturazione compiuta è stata cara, economica o congrua? Come si fa a capire se l'offerta economica che ho ricevuto da un architetto o un impresa è buona oppure fuori mercato? Insomma,quale è lo strumento che mi fa giudicare un offerta economica?New powers help tackle child sexual exploitation
Posted: 27 February 2014
Every year between 2500 to 3000 children arrive in the UK alone without parents. Many separated migrant children are seeking protection from persecution, war and violence. They may have been abandoned by, or become separated from, their parents or carers once outside their country of origin. They may also be victims of trafficking and exploitation.
Once here, they find themselves having to navigate hugely complex processes that have a significant impact on their life, like resolving their immigration status or accessing accommodation. Without one consistent carer that can oversee, co-ordinate and guide them through such processes, these vulnerable children can fall through the gaps in support.
As our new joint report Protecting children through guardianship: the costs and benefits of guardians for separated children with UNICEF UK finds, introducing a system of legal guardianship could save the UK money in the long term. Young migrant children need an independent guardian with legal authority. This guardian would support them to overcome language and cultural barriers and to know and access their rights by holding local agencies to account. You can also download the full report.
Not only would a guardian have extremely positive benefits for the lives of vulnerable children, but our new cost-benefit appraisal (carried out by the Counter Human Trafficking Bureau (CHTB)) has found that setting up a guardianship service in the UK for all separated migrant children would be financially viable over the three year period examined.
Although there would be costs to set up the service, the expense of providing the service would be covered and, more importantly, it could save money for the public purse overall.
For every £1 spent on the service over three years, our analysis estimates as much as £1.25 in savings while a young person is below age 18. The savings increases to £2.39 for £1 spent once the financial benefits for separated children who reach adulthood (age 18) are factored in, such as improved decision making on their asylum and immigration cases and savings the Home Office would make in supporting these children.
This is because many separated children find themselves with no legal right to remain in the UK at 18 - a guardian’s involvement is crucial at this stage. A guardian is one of very few people who could help ensure a young person is able to access legal advice, and could advocate on the young person’s behalf between different agencies to ensure their case is heard.
Based on data from existing guardianship and advocacy services across the EU and UK, our appraisal identified and analysed the costs of several areas where guardians would have a role in supporting separated children. These include the costs of:
• asylum and immigration procedures for the Home Office and local authorities
• judicial and administrative costs of wrongfully detaining trafficked children or children wrongly assessed to be adults
• missing children investigations by the police and local authorities - two thirds of trafficked children go missing from care
Our appraisal found that overall a system of guardianship would cost around £45m over the first three years of introduction, but could bring about potential benefits totalling £107m – resulting in savings of as much as £62m over the first three years after it is introduced. This table shows how the costs and benefits break down.
These costs are comparable to other European countries, such as the Netherlands and Scotland, who have a system of legal guardianship for all separated migrant children. It is vital that the UK follows their lead and also adheres to numerous international frameworks which clearly state the importance of guardians.
While the introduction of advocates for all trafficked children in the government’s Modern Slavery Bill is a huge step in the right direction, we believe it needs to go further and should include independent legal guardians for all unaccompanied children. We hope our analysis will inform the government’s thinking as the bill progresses through parliament.دبیر کل جنبش حزب الله لبنان در واکنش به حملات اخیر صهیونیست ها تاکید کرد: این جنبش اجازه هرگونه حمله زمینی به خاک لبنان را به رژیم صهیونیستی نخواهد داد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری آوا، سید حسن نصرالله با بیان اینکه حزب الله در برابر هر گونه تجاوز زمینی صهیونیست ها، ساکت نخواهد نشست گفت: حزب الله، مانع هرگونه حملات زمینی رژیم صهیونیستی به خاک لبنان خواهد شد.
سید حسن نصرالله ، دبیر کل حزب الله لبنان ، با بیان اینکه جریان مقاومت، پای متجاوزان به خاک لبنان را خواهد شکست، اظهار داشت: قواعد نبرد علیه رژیم صهیونیستی تغییر کرده، چرا که تحولات اخیر، اتخاذ واکنش های فوری متقابل علیه صهیونیست ها را الزامی کرده است.
به گزارش شبکه خبر ایران، سخنان سید حسن نصرالله، در حالی عنوان می شود که لبنان در برابر حملات هوایی، راکتی و زمینی رژیم صهیونیستی، کاملا آسیب پذیر بوده و فقط جریان مقاومت و حزب الله لبنان می تواند به عنوان یگانه عامل بازدارنده در رو یا رویی با تجاوزگری های صهیونیست ها نقش آفرینی کند.You no doubt live a busy life just like everyone else does these days. If you are like most people, you could use some simple tips that are easy to follow to improve your diet and nutrition. This article contains some nutrition pointers that are easy to incorporate into your daily routine.
Most people believe that consuming fatty foods will lead to poor health. In reality, our bodies need fat to function. Many foods that are high in fat, such as cheese or avocado, are actually very healthy when consumed in moderation every day. So long as you eat in moderation and avoid saturated fats, you don't need to worry.
Rice and beans, when combined together, create a near perfect protein source. If you are a vegetarian, this can be especially important. Simply make these two things ahead of time and add a little cheese for added flavor. It is a cheap and easy way to get the good nutrition that you need.
You should write down everything you eat during the day. This helps make you accountable for what you have eaten. It also helps you to not "forget" about that latte you indulged in, or that candy bar you ate after lunch. Knowing what you have eaten already will help you make better decisions about what to eat at the next meal or snack time.
To conquer a sugar craving without giving in to excess sugar, have an apple with all-natural peanut butter. This is sweet enough to feel like a treat, but the amount of sugar will not ruin your diet and as a bonus you get extra vitamins and protein in your diet.
Try to include more tomatoes in your meals. The biggest benefit from tomatoes is their high concentration of lycopene. Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant that plays a role in the prevention of cancer cell formation. Research has shown that tomatoes also have potential benefits in the prevention of heart disease and lowering high cholesterol.
please click the next website is to invest in a shaker bottle. Shaker bottles are a great way to transport protein shakes and they are invaluable for anyone that works out. They're usually available at a cheap price and if taken care of, they can last a long time.
One great nutrition tip is to use artificial sweetners and eliminate dietary sugar. An excess of sugar can cause health issues ranging from diabetes to cardiac concerns. Splenda is a great alternative to
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bell pepper and celery for a sweet and savory salad dressing. Or simply top your salad with lemon juice and 1/2 a mashed up avocado. Fresh tomatoes blended with sun-dried tomatoes (not soaked in oil of course) makes a wonderful raw marinara type dressing as well. The possibilities are endless.
- When sautéing vegetables, use water instead of oil.
- And you can easily bake potatoes, vegetables, and squash on baking paper or on an ECO nonstick, nontoxic baking sheet without any oil at all. Better yet, boil or steam whenever you can.
To end this post I thought it fitting to include this short video clip of a presentation made by Dr. Caldwell Esselstyn.
“Caldwell Esselstyn Jr, MD of Cleveland Clinic has shown heart disease can be reversed 100% of the time, using a plant-based diet. Olive oil — and ANY oil — increases heart disease, the same way butter does. If you want to avoid heart disease and cancer, ditch all oils, which are in any case just highly processed (i.e., junk) food.” -VegSourceHoney Bee vs Killer Bee
Although honeybees are more popular among people, being aware of killer bees would also benefit. In addition, a proper comparison would profit a lot for any information seeker about bees. This article discusses the characteristics of both these bees, in general and performs a comparison between them in order to understand the difference between honeybee and killer bee.
Honeybees belong to the Genus: Apis, which contains seven distinctive species with 44 subspecies. Honeybees originated in South and South-East Asian region and now they are widespread. Earliest fossil of a honeybee dates back to the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Three clades are described to classify the seven species of honeybees known as Micrapis (A. florea & A. andreiformes), Megapis (A. dorsata), and Apis (A. cerana and others). The presence of sting in their abdomen is the main weapon for the protection of honeybees, which is evolved to attack other insects with a thicker cuticle. The barbs on the sting are helpful in penetrating the cuticle during attacking. However, if bees attack a mammal, the presence of barbs is not vital, as the mammalian skin is not as thick as in an insect. During the stinging process, the sting detach from the body leaving the abdomen damaged severely. Soon after a stinging, the bee dies, meaning they die to protect their resources. Even after the bee has been detached from the victim’s skin, the sting apparatus keeps delivering the venom. Honeybees, like most of the insects, communicate through chemicals. Their visual signals are predominant in foraging. Their famed Bee Waggle Dance describes the direction and distance to the food source in an informative way. Their hairy hind legs form a corbicular, aka pollen basket, to carry pollen to feed the young. Beeswax and bee honey are valuable in many ways for the man, therefore beekeeping has been a main agricultural practice among people. Naturally, they prefer to make their nests or hives underneath a strong branch of a tree or inside caves.
Killer bee is a type of honeybee that is hybrid of one of the several of African honeybee species known as Apis mellifera scutellata. The general appearance of killer bee is more like the European honeybees. These highly aggressive insects have slightly short and robust wings. In addition, each of their wings is almost two centimetres in length, covered in fuzz, and brownish in colour with yellow strips. All the four wings are attached to the thorax, the middle section of the body. Their abdomen is larger than the thorax and ends in the stinger. However, their head is smaller than thorax. Killer bees have large-bulbous eyes those are capable of seeing objects well even in the night. As in many hymenopterans, the queen is the largest bee in the colony followed by drones and then the workers. In addition, killer bees can sting only once like other honeybees. They range in Europe and most parts of the African continent but predominantly in south of the Sahara desert.
What is the difference between Honeybee and Killer Bee?
• Not all honeybees are deadly, but killer bees are deadly as their name sounds.
• Honeybees originated in Asia whereas the home of killer bees is mainly Africa and Europe.
• Honeybees have differing body sizes depending on the species, but killer bees are only half an inch long insects.
• Honeybees comprise seven species and killer bees are one particular species of those.
• Killer bees are more dreadfully aggressive than other honeybees.Maine became the 32rd US state on March 15, 1820. Although first visited by Italian explorers John and Sebastian Cabot in 1498, the first English settlers did not arrive until the 1600s. Maine used to be governed by the state of Massachusetts until the Missouri Compromise in 1820, allowing Maine to become a state.
Maine’s state flag was adopted in 1909, 89 years after being admitted to the union. The flag is dark blue with a coat of arms in the center. The coat of arms has two men on opposite sides of aa shield. The men are a farmer and a seaman, who represent the agricultural and maritime industries of Maine. Pictured inside the shield is a moose (the official state animal of Maine because the state has more moose per mile than any other state), a pine tree, grass, a light blue sky, and dark blue water. A yellow star stands atop of the shield which symbolizes the North Star since it was the northernmost state at the time of its entry into the Union, and a red ribbon underneath it reading “Dirigo”, which is Latin for “I direct”. Below the shield and the gentlemen is a blue ribbon reading “Maine”.
Maine is the only state with one syllable in its name and despite being a small state, it has a large amount of coastline (3,478 miles). They also house a large amount of lighthouses in the state (about 67). The capital of Maine was originally Portland but was later changed to Augusta in 1832 but the population of the current capital is still smaller than the population of Portland.
Food Trivia: Maine produces about 90% of the US’ supply of blueberries.
Animals: In addition to the moose being the state’s official animal, the Maine Coon (or Wild Coon) cat is also the state’s official cat!
Before Alabama became the 22nd state on December 1, 1819, it had been populated with Native American tribes such as the Alibamu (Alabama), Chocktaw, and Mobile. Spanish explorers were believed to have arrived around 1540. It was later in the 1600s that the English were given the land by King Charles II. In 1702, the first European settlement was established on the Mobile river by the French at Fort Louis de la Mobile. The British later regained control of the land through the Treaty of Paris but were forced to relinquish the land to the US after the American Revolution.
Alabama’s state flag is white with a crimson red St. Andrew’s Cross. This flag’s pattern was based from the Confederate battle flag. The flag can either be square or rectangle but the cross must be exactly six inches wide. This flag was approved in 1895 by the Alabama legislature.
Alabama is where major historical events took place. Alabama is where the Confederacy was founded in February 1861 (Montgomery being the capital), the Confederate flag was designed in this state. This state is also where many Civil Rights actions took place, such as Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her bus seat on December 1, 1955 in Montgomery. The event led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Alabama’s name means “Tribal Town” in the language spoken by the Creek Indians. The state is the only state with all the natural resources to make iron and steel. As a result, Alabama is the largest supplier of steel pipe and cast iron products.
Helen Keller is among many of the famous residents of Alabama, born in Tuscombia. She was born both blind and deaf from an illness. Keller was a student of Anne Sullivan, visually impaired herself, who taught her how to communicate with Braille and sign language. Sullivan’s inspiration led to Keller succeeding and graduating from Radcliffe College in 1904. Keller later became a lecturer and an author along with being Sullivan’s companion. Anne Sullivan passed away in 1936 and Helen Keller passed in 1968."Che cosa sono i titoli di Stato ?
Conti per depositare i risparmi accumulati, al netto delle tasse.
Il governo offre la possibilità, fino a un limite ARBITRARIO, di utilizzare un mezzo per immagazzinare moneta: un conto di risparmio che paga interessi.
Non è un cattivo affare per chi ha soldi extra da parcheggiare in questi conti."
Ma la cosa FONDAMENTALE da comprendere è che per lo Stato NON E' necessario collocare titoli di Stato per finanziare il deficit. Il deficit pubblico GENERA risparmio privato, i titoli di Stato sono uno strumento per impiegarlo. Un'opportunità per i cittadini, NON una necessità per lo Stato.I fossili, i resti conservati della vita animale e vegetale, si trovano per lo più incastonati nelle rocce sedimentarie. Delle rocce sedimentarie, la maggior parte dei fossili si trovano nello scisto, nel calcare e nell'arenaria. La Terra contiene tre tipi di rocce: metamorfiche, ignee e sedimentarie. Con rare eccezioni, le rocce metamorfiche e ignee subiscono troppo calore e pressione per preservare i fossili. Quindi la maggior parte dei fossili si trovano nelle rocce sedimentarie, dove la pressione più delicata e la temperatura più bassa consentono la conservazione delle forme di vita passate. I fossili diventano una parte delle rocce sedimentarie quando i sedimenti come fango, sabbia, conchiglie e ciottoli coprono gli organismi vegetali e animali e preservano le loro caratteristiche nel tempo.
I fossili più fini
Il fango si forma quando le rocce più grandi si corrodono in particelle minuscole, solitamente microscopiche. Queste particelle si insediano nelle acque calme dei laghi, delle paludi e dell'oceano, coprendo le creature che vivono lì. Fango e argilla si combinano nel tempo con minerali e altre particelle per indurirsi nello scisto. Le parti dure delle creature ricoperte di fango subiscono la conservazione come fossili se consolidate con altri materiali all'interno dello scisto. L'argilla si divide facilmente in strati per rivelare eventuali fossili all'interno. I fossili all'interno dello scisto includono spesso brachiopodi, piante fossili, alghe, crostacei e artropodi intrappolati nel fango indurito. Le piccolissime particelle di fango e argilla permettono di preservare piccoli dettagli degli organismi, come i rari fossili di organismi dal corpo molle trovati nello scisto di Burgess.
Ecosistemi nel calcare
Le forme calcaree quando calcite dall'acqua cristallizza o quando frammenti di corallo e conchiglie cementano insieme. Il calcare contiene spesso fossili di creature marine sgusciate. Intere formazioni di barriera corallina e comunità di organismi si trovano conservate nel calcare. I tipi di fossili trovati nel calcare includono coralli, alghe, vongole, brachiopodi, briozoi e crinoidi. La maggior parte delle forme di calcare in mari tropicali o subtropicali poco profondi. In alcuni casi, i fossili costituiscono l'intera struttura del calcare.
Sepolto nella sabbia
Cementato insieme i granelli di sabbia diventano arenarie. Dal momento che l'arenaria è un materiale più grossolano dello scisto o del calcare, i fossili che si trovano in essi generalmente non mostrano molti dettagli quanti sono i fossili nello scisto e nel calcare. L'arenaria raramente contiene fossili delicati. Forme di arenaria in una vasta gamma di ambienti, tra cui spiagge, oceani, banchi di sabbia, dune, fiumi, delta, deserti e pianure alluvionali. L'arenaria contiene fossili di creature come trilobiti, brachiopodi, crostacei, briozoi e piante. Resti di animali terrestri come mastodonti e dinosauri sono molto più probabili in arenaria.
Conglomerato e Breccia
Le rocce conglomerate si formano da combinazioni di piccoli e grandi ciottoli arrotondati, spesso contenenti quarzo, cementati insieme nel tempo. La breccia si forma da rocce angolari di varie dimensioni, cementate anche nel tempo. Si formano più velocemente di scisto, calcare e arenaria. I conglomerati si formano laddove le rocce sono state rotte e poi rotolate fino a renderle lisce. Le brecce si formano quando i frammenti rotti rimangono vicino alla loro fonte. In entrambi i casi, le loro grandi particelle non sono così inclini a incorporare i fossili. Le rocce di conglomerato e breccia forniscono periodicamente dei fossili, tuttavia, nei ciottoli che formano le rocce. Alcuni fossili trovati nelle rocce di conglomerato e breccia comprendono spugne, brachiopodi e gasteropodi.
Incredibilmente rari, ma ...
I fossili si verificano raramente in rocce metamorfiche o ignee. Il calore e la pressione necessari per cambiare o metamorfosi, le rocce di solito distruggono tutti i fossili. Tuttavia, si verificano circostanze speciali. Ad esempio, gusci e batteri fossili sono stati trovati nel marmo, che è calcare metamorfosato. Il calore iniziale delle rocce ignee sembrerebbe un ambiente impossibile per la formazione dei fossili. Ma quando la cenere delle eruzioni vulcaniche seppellisce l'area circostante, la cenere incapsula talvolta organismi. Fossili di alberi e organismi bombardati come i brachiopodi si verificano a volte negli strati di cenere.Adolescenti senza sonno: colpa dell'uso degli smartphone e del gaming. Il risultato: stress emotivo e problemi di apprendimento
I consigli della puericultrice: "Accompagnare i neonati al sonno con un rito: una canzoncina, una ninna nanna, una fiaba"
Non dormono per mesi, decifrano qualsiasi tipo di pianto: le mamme hanno i superpoteri, che poi si evolvono man mano che i bambini cresconoIssue: October 30, 2010
- Sweet gum trees will grow in New Mexico, but are not the best trees for fall color
- The first frost may not kill all garden plants
The first frost may not kill all garden plants
Q. I think I had a little frost in my garden last week. I saw a little white coating on my lawn. Leaves on some of my plants turned black, other plants show no signs of injury. Why were only some plants killed by the frost?
A. There are a couple of possible answers to your question. First is that some plants are hardier than others. Squash and pumpkins will show injury (blackened leaves) at temperatures and cold durations that do not injure tomatoes and chiles, even though these are also warm season crops. Corn and beans may also show little damage. Tomatoes may show injury before other plants. Cold season crops such as cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, carrots, and other plants that like the cold will tolerate even more cold. So, perhaps the temperature (and duration) was just enough to damage some plants and not others. Another possibility is that the temperatures were warmer in parts of your garden. Cold air is heavier than warm air and settles into low spots. Plants in these lower areas will be the first to show injury. Plant the most cold hardy plants (carrots, cabbage, etc.) in these low areas in the future. This may stretch your growing season in the higher areas with more tender crops by a week or more. However, if a strong cold front comes through your area, all warm season crops may be injured. If it is cold enough even the cold season crops may show some damage. This is when covering your plants at night may help. Remember to anchor the covering material so that the wind cannot carry it away.
Sweet gum trees will grow in New Mexico, but are not the best trees for fall color
Q. I have sweet gum trees that do not often produce good colors. I know these trees from the Southeastern U.S. where they provide good, consistent fall color. Why do my do so poorly?
A. Climate, soil conditions, and genetics are the most likely culprits preventing good autumn color in your sweet gum trees. Some trees, even in their native habitat, do not develop good fall color because they are not genetically programmed for these colors. Unless a fall color plant is purchased in the autumn with its color displayed, the buyer does not have any assurance that their plant can develop good color. This is true for some of our native plants that produce fall color. The three-leaf sumac that colors the mountainsides in the fall may produce strong red colors, or poor greenish-yellow colors. Buying them in the autumn helps get the ones that have the best color. However, another consideration for sweet gum and other plants is our soil. Very alkaline soils often inhibit development of good orange and red colors. Soils in the Eastern U.S. are acidic and produce the beautiful reds and oranges. Yellows are more common here in the Western U.S. Finally climate and weather have a great influence on the development of fall color. Sweet gum trees are hardy enough and will grow in Albuquerque and southern New Mexico, but the fall climate is often not conducive to good fall color development. Our dry weather and dry air are one climatic factor that differs from the Southeast. The rapid onset of cold weather can prevent good color development. With all that said, there are some trees that occasionally develop nice purples and reds. That is because; a few autumns provide the conditions that allow for color development, if soil conditions and genetics permit the development of color. There are other trees more likely to consistently produce fall color in New Mexico (Texas red oaks, some Chinkapin oaks, Chinese pistache, aspen and big tooth maple in the right locations).
Send your gardening questions to:
Yard and Garden, ATTN: Dr. Curtis Smith
NMSU Cooperative Extension Service
9301 Indian School Road, NE, Suite 112
Albuquerque, NM 87112
Curtis W. Smith, Ph.D., is an Extension Horticulture Specialist with New Mexico State University's Cooperative Extension Service. New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and educator.数百万美国人在 2020 年结束前搬家。根据美国全国房地产经纪人协会对地址变更要求的分析，自 3 月份疫情开始以来至 10
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to observe the image of the slit through which the light enters it, in the most perfect manner. If the light contains rays of every wave-length, then the images formed by each will be so close together that the spectrum will be continuous, that is, without break. If the light contains only certain wave-lengths, then we shall get certain, and not all, of the possible images of the slit, and the spectrum will be discontinuous.
Again, if we have an extremely complex light-source, let us say a solid and a mixture of gases giving us light, and we allow the light to enter, so to speak, indiscriminately into the spectroscope, then in each part of the spectrum we shall get a summation—a complex record—of the light of the same wave-length proceeding from all the different light-waves. But if by means of a lens we form an image of the light source, so that each particular part shall be impressed in its proper place on the slit-plate, then in the spectrum the different kinds of light will be sorted out.
There is a simple experiment which shows clearly the different results obtained. If we observe the light of a candle with the spectroscope in the ordinary manner, that is, by placing the candle in front of the slit at some little distance from it, we see a band of color—a continuous spectrum—and in one particular part of the band we see a yellow line, and occasionally in the green and in the blue parts of the band other lines are observable. Now, if we throw an image of the candle on to the slit—the slit being horizontal and the image of the candle vertical—we then get three perfectly distinct spectra. We find that the interior of the candle, that is the blue part (best observed at the bottom of the candle), gives us one spectrum, the white part gives us another, while on the outside of the candle, so faint as to be almost invisible to the eye, there is a region which gives us a perfectly distinct spectrum with a line in the yellow. In this way there is no difficulty whatever in determining the coexistence of three light-sources, each with its proper spectrum, in the light of a common candle.
We see in a moment that much the same condition of affairs will be brought about if, instead of using a candle, we use an electric arc, in which the pure vapor of the substance which is being rendered incandescent fills the whole interval between the poles, the number of particles and degree of incandescence being smaller at the sides of the arc. We can throw an image of such an horizontal arc on a vertical slit; the slit will give then the spectrum of a section of the arc at right angles to its length. The vapor which exists farthest from the core of the arc has a much more simple spectrum than that of the core of the arc itself. The spectrum of the core consists of a large number of lines, all of which die out until the part of it farthest from the center gives but one line.
In this way the spectrum of each substance furnishes us with long and short lines, the long lines being common to the more and less intensely heated parts of the arc, and the short lines special to the more heated one. This is the first step.
It has been necessary to enter thus at length into the origin of the terms long and short lines, because almost all the subsequent work which need be referred to now has had for its object the investigation of the phenomena presented by them under different conditions. The first results obtained were as follows:
1. When a metallic vapor was subjected to admixture with another gas or vapor, or to reduced pressure, I found that its spectrum became simplified by the abstraction of the shortest lines and by the thinning of many of the remaining ones. To obtain reduction of pressure, the metals were inclosed in tubes in which a partial vacuum was produced. In all these experiments it was found that the longest lines invariably remained visible longest.
2. When we use metals chemically combined with a metalloid—in other words, when we pass from a metal to one of its salts (I used chlorine)—only the longest lines of the metal remain. The number is large in the case of elements of low atomic weight, and small In the case of elements of high atomic weight, and of twice the atom-fixing power of hydrogen.
3. When we use metals mechanically mixed, only the longest lines of the smallest constituent remain. On this point I must enlarge somewhat by referring to a series of experiments recorded in the "Philosophical Transactions" (1873).
A quantity of the larger constituent, generally from five to ten grammes, was weighed out, the weighing being accurate to the fraction of a milligramme; and the requisite quantity of the smaller constituent was calculated to give, when combined, a mixture of a definite percentage composition by weight (this being more easily obtainable than a percentage composition by volume).
The quantities generally chosen were 10, 5, 1, and 0·1 per cent.
In a few cases, with metals known to have very delicate spectral reactions, a mixture of 0·01 per cent, was prepared.
Observations were then made of the spectrum of each specimen, and the result was recorded in maps in the following manner: First, the pure spectrum of the smallest constituent was observed, and the lines laid down from Thalén's map.
The series thus mapped was as follows:
The observations showed that the lines of the smallest constituent disappeared as the quantity got less. Although we had here the germs of a quantitative spectrum analysis, the germs only were present, because from the existence of several "critical points," and great variations due to other causes, the results obtained were not constant.
In a subsequent research on the gold-copper alloys used in the coinage, Mr. Roberts, the Chemist of the Mint, and myself were able to show that the shortening in the length of the lines by reduced quantity was such a definite physical effect following upon reduced quantity, that a difference of 10000 part of copper in gold could be detected.
We are now in possession of the facts utilized in the work which has led up to the subject discussed in the present paper.
They have been utilized along two perfectly distinct lines of thought:
(1) They have been used in an attempt to enable us to produce a spectrum of a substance free from lines due to the impurities which are almost always present.
(2) They have been used to indicate the existence and amount of dissociation when acknowledged compounds have been submitted to the action of different and increasing temperatures.
I will deal with (1) first.
The elimination of impurity lines is conducted as follows: The spectrum of the element is first confronted with the spectra of the substances most likely to be present to impurities. This is most conveniently done by photographing the spectra on the same plate one above the other, so that common lines are continuous.
The retention or rejection of lines coincident in two or more spectra is determined by observing in which spectrum the line is thickest; where several elements are mapped at once, all their spectra are confronted on the same plate, as by this means the presence of one of the substances as an impurity in the others can be at once detected.
Lines due to impurities, if any are thus traced, are marked for omission from the map and their true sources recorded, while any line that is observed to vary in length and thickness in the various photographs is at once suspected to be an impurity line, and if traced to such is likewise marked for omission. I give a case.
The two lines H and K (3933 and 3968), assigned both to iron and calcium by Ångström, are proved to belong to calcium in the following way:
a. The lines are well represented in the spectrum of commercial wrought iron, but are absolutely coincident with two thick lines in the spectrum of calcium chloride with which the iron spectrum was confronted.
b. The lines are represented by mere traces in the spectrum of a specimen of pure iron prepared by the late Dr. Matthiessen. Both poles of the lamp were of iron, the lower pole consisting of an ingot of the metal which had been cast in a lime-mold.
c. The lines are altogether absent in a photograph of pure iron, where both poles of the lamp were of the pure metal not cast in lime, and they are likewise absent in a photograph of the spectrum of the Lenarto meteorite.
By eliminating lines due to impurities in the manner just described, a spectrum is at length obtained, of which every line is assignable to the particular element photographed, the same temperature being employed in the case of all the elements observed.
With regard to the second line of work, I should commence by stating that from a beautiful series of researches carried on by several methods, Mitscherlich concluded in 1864 that every compound of the first order, heated to a temperature adequate for the production of light, is not decomposed, hut exhibits a spectrum peculiar to this compound.
In some experiments of my own, communicated to the Royal Society in 1873, I observed:
First. That whether the spectra of iodides, bromides, etc, be observed in the flame or a weak spark, only the longest lines of the metals are visible, showing that only a small quantity of the simple metal is present as a result of partial dissociation, and that by increasing the temperature, and consequently the amount of dissociation, the other lines of the metal appear in the order of their length with each rise of temperature.
Secondly. I convinced myself that while in air, after the first application of heat, the spectra and metallic lines are in the main the same, in hydrogen the spectra are different for each compound, and true metallic lines are represented according to the volatility of the compound, only the very longest lines being visible in the spectrum of the least volatile compound.
Thirdly. I found that with a considerable elevation of temperature the spectrum of the compound faded almost into invisibility.
These results enable us to make the following statement:
A compound body, such as a salt of calcium, has as definite a spectrum as that given by the so-called elements; but while the spectrum of the metallic element itself consists of lines, the number and thickness of some of which increase with increased quantity, the spectrum of the compound consists in the main of channeled spaces and bands, which increase in like manner.
In short, the molecules of a simple body and a compound one are affected in the same manner by quantity in so far as their spectra are concerned; in other words, both spectra have their long and short lines, the lines in the spectrum of the element being represented by bands or fluted lines in the spectrum of the compound; and in each case the greatest simplicity of the spectrum depends upon the smallest quantity, and the greatest complexity upon the greatest.
The heat required to act upon such a compound as a salt of calcium, so as to render its spectrum visible, dissociates the compound according to its volatility; the number of true metallic lines which thus appear is a measure of the quantity of the metal resulting from the dissociation, and as the metal lines increase in number, the compound bands thin out.
These results bring us face to face with the subject-matter of the recent work.
First with regard to impurity elimination. I find that, although the method is good for detecting and eliminating impurities, there are still short-line coincidences between metals which are pure.
This "higher law" has come out in the following manner:
For the last four years I have been engaged upon the preparation of a map of the solar spectrum on a large scale, the work including a comparison of the Fraunhofer lines with those visible in the spectrum of the vapor of each of the metallic elements in the electric arc.
To give an idea of the thoroughness of the work, at all events in intention, I may state that the complete spectrum of the sun, on the scale of the working map, will be half a furlong long; that to map the metallic lines and purify the spectra in the manner described, more than 100,000 observations have been made and about 2,000 photographs taken.
In some of these photographs we have vapors compared with the sun; in others vapors compared with each other; and others again have been taken to show which lines are long and which are short in the spectra.
A rigorous application of the system of impurity elimination formed, of course, a large part of the work.
The final reduction of the photographs of all the metallic elements in the region 39-40—a reduction I began in the early part of last year—summarized all the observations of metallic spectra compared with the Fraunhofer lines accumulated during the whole period of observation, and all the results of the impurity elimination.
Now this reduction has shown me that the hypothesis that identical lines in different spectra are due to impurities is not sufficient. I show in detail in the paper the hopeless confusion in which I have been landed.
I find short-line coincidences between many metals the impurities of which have been eliminated, or in which the freedom from mutual impurity has been demonstrated by the absence of the longest lines.
The explanation of this result on the hypothesis that the elements are elementary does not lie on the surface, but it does on the assumption that they are compounds and behave like them.
This is the first point. We now pass from the results brought about at the same temperature with different substances to those observed at different temperatures with the same substance.
I find that when the temperature is greatly varied, the elements behave spectroscopically exactly as compound bodies do, as we have already seen. New lines are developed with increasing temperatures, and others fade in precisely the same way as the metallic lines made their appearance in the salts at the expense of the latter, which faded too.
In short, the observations and reasoning which I formerly employed to show how acknowledged compounds behaved in the spectroscope are now seen to indicate the compound nature of the chemical elements themselves.
In a paper communicated to the Royal Society in 1874, referring, among other matters, to the reversal of some lines in the solar spectrum, I remarked:
It is obvious that greater attention will have to be given to the precise character as well as to the position of each of the Fraunhofer lines, in the thickness of which I have already observed several anomalies. I may refer more particularly at present to the two H lines 3933 and 3968 belonging to calcium, which are much thicker in all photographs of the solar spectrum (I might have added that they were by far the thickest lines in the solar spectrum) than the largest calcium line of this region (4226·3), this latter being invariably thicker than the H lines in all photographs of the calcium spectrum, and remaining, moreover, visible in the spectrum of substances containing calcium in such small quantities as not to show any traces of the H lines.
How far this and similar variations between photographic records and the solar spectrum are due to causes incident to the photographic record itself, or to variations in the intensities of the various molecular vibrations under solar and terrestrial conditions, are questions which up to the present time I have been unable to discuss.
The progress of the work has shown that the differences here indicated are not exceptions, but are truly typical when the minute anatomy of the solar spectrum is studied.
Kirchhoff, indeed, as early as 1869 seems to have got a glimpse of the same thing, for in his memorable paper, which may justly be regarded as the basis of all subsequent work, he is careful to state that the sixty iron lines in the sun, to which he referred, only agree "as a rule" in intensity with those observed in the electric spark. Those who have given an account of his work have not always been so cautious. Indeed, I find Professor Roscoe running far beyond the record in the following sentence:
In order to map and determine the positions of the bright lines found in the electric spectra of the various metals, Kirchhoff, as I have already stated, employed the dark lines in the solar spectrum as his guides. Judge of his astonishment when he observed that dark solar lines occur in positions connected with those of all the bright iron lines! Exactly as the sodium lines were identical with Fraunhofer's lines, so for each of the iron lines, of which Kirchhoff and Ångström have mapped no less than 460, a dark solar line was seen to correspond. Not only had each line its dark representative in the solar spectrum, but the breadth and degree of shade of the two sets of lines were seen to agree in the most perfect manner, the brightest iron lines corresponding to the darkest solar lines.
This statement was made to prove the absolutely identical nature of the iron vapor in the sun's atmosphere and in the electric spark. As the statement is not true, the vapors can hardly be identical.
Such, then, is the reasoning on which I base the two counts in the indictment against the simple nature of the elementary bodies.
First, the common lines visible in the spectra of different elements at high identical temperatures point to a common origin. Secondly, the different lines visible in the spectra of the same substance at high and low temperatures indicate that at high temperatures dissociation goes on as continuously as it is generally recognized to do at all lower temperatures.
In my paper I attempt to show that if we grant that the highest temperatures produce common bases—in other words, if the elements are really compounds—all the phenomena so difficult to account for on the received hypothesis find a simple and sufficient explanation. And, with regard to the second count, I discuss the cases of calcium, iron, lithium, and hydrogen. I might have brought, and shall subsequently bring, other cases forward. In all these I show that the lines most strongly developed at the highest temperatures are precisely those which are seen almost alone in the spectra of the hottest stars, and which are most obviously present in the spectrum of our own sun. Now, if it be true that the temperature of the arc breaks up the elements, then the higher temperature of the sun should do this in a still more effective manner. Here, then, we have a test.
I have put this question to the sun, and I have sent in a second paper to the Royal Society embodying a preliminary discussion of Professor Young's work at Sherman, Tacchini's observations, and my own. In this paper I state my grounds for the belief that all the solar phenomena we have been watching with our spectroscopes for the last ten years can not be explained on the existing-hypothesis, and that they are simply and sufficiently accounted for by supposing that primordial atoms are associated in the corona and dissociated in the reversing layer.
In this way the vertical currents in the solar atmosphere, both ascending and descending, the intense absorption in sun-spots, their association with the faculæ, and the apparently continuous spectrum of the corona, and its structure, find an easy solution.
We are yet as far as ever from a demonstration of the cause of the variation in the temperature of the sun; but the excess of so-called calcium with minimum sun-spots, and excess of so-called hydrogen with maximum sun-spots, follow naturally from the hypothesis, and afford indications that the temperature of the hottest region in the sun closely approximates to that of the reversing layer in stars of the type of Sirius and a Lyræ.Editor's Note: In the September 1999 issue of Farm Collector, Ralph Look, Wichita, Kan., wrote to ask for information on the Western Electric sewing machine. His query was answered by representatives of the Sharon D. Ansted-Williams Memorial Library.
More than 150 years ago, on Sept. 10,
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Area Network) was the dominant . Comparing the merits of a SAN as against a NAS is old ground.
The Internet is strewn with articles and opinion pieces about . NAS – its origin, present adoption and future incarnations. I’m just starting out on my VCP-DCV qual and I’m finding, due to a bit of inexperience working with storage solutions in the past, I’m struggling.کریستیانو رونالدو در حومه شهر لندن اقدام به خرید یک خانه بزرگ کرده است. بر اساس گزارش منابع اسپانیایی او برای تحصیل پسر بزرگ ترش کریستیانو جونیور در یکی از مدارس مشهور لندن اقدام به این کار کرده است.
مدرسه ای که کریس برای پسرش در نظر گرفته همان مدرسه ای است که شاهزاده چهار ساله بریتانیایی در آن دوران پیش دبستانی را می گذراند. مشخص است که رونالدو علاقه زیادی دارد پسرش جایی حضور داشته باشد که درباری های بریتانیا نیز در آنجا حضور دارند.
این موضوع البته به تغییر باشگاه رونالدو نیز ارتباط دارد. او می خواهد در پایان فصل رئال را ترک کند. رونالدو به این طریق خود را به منچستر نیز نزدیک خواهد کرد و این شایعه را که او انتهای فصل رئال را ترک می کند، قوت می بخشد.
منبع: جام جمEver wonder what draws people to spend time in their landscapes and essentially “escape” the world around them?
Even in famous writer Voltaire’s “Candide,” the main character, after witnessing horrifying episodes of religious intolerance and political oppression, decides that the best thing to do in the world is settle down, live peacefully with his neighbors and produce something of value to others that he can sell in the markets. In fact, he says, “That’s all very well put, but we must go and work our garden.”
Voltaire (which was actually his pen name; his real name was Francois-Marie Arouet) was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit. He wrote more than 20,000 letters and more than 2,000 books and pamphlets in his lifetime. He himself believed that active gardening was a great way to stay sane, healthy and free from stress.
And that was 300 years ago.
This feeling and need to connect with nature is what drives our profession. And, while we can rely on what a historian and poet told us 300 years ago, today solid scientific research supports his theory, suggesting he was right all this time.
Countless studies talk about the passive enjoyment of a landscape or of being in nature. Even more studies show that actively caring for plants is therapeutic and even educational.
For students and children, gardening has proven to develop positive attitudes about health, nutrition and the consumption of vegetables. Children also score better on tests, have better attitudes about school and improve their interpersonal skills and classroom behavior when gardening, boosting self-esteem and responsibility.
Horticulture therapy has been shown to improve mood, reduce stress and, in turn, decrease risks for coronary heart disease and other stress-related illnesses in older populations.
Other tests have shown gardening increases quality of life and decreases anxiety and depression.
So when reflecting on the work you’ve done this year and selling next year’s projects, remember to take a moment to realize how much of an impact you make on this movement. The landscape industry directly contributes.
I think another quote from “Candide” sums it up perfectly: “For when man was put into the Garden of Eden, it was with an intent to dress it; and this proves that man was not born to be idle.”Antikorozif ahşabın yüzeyindeki beyaz noktalar, yetersiz nem ve havalandırmadan kaynaklanır. Çözüm: Beyaz lekeler, şimdi herhangi bir işlem yapmayın, korozyon önleyici ahşabın hizmet ömrünü etkilemez.Kış mevsiminde, korozyon önleyici ahşabın yüzeyindeki beyaz noktaları cilalamak için çelik tel bilye kullanın ve ardından odun yağını tekrar boyayın.Aynı işlemi yazın yapın. . Antikorozif ahşap, sıradan ahşabın korozyon önleyici, nem geçirmez, mantar önleyici, böcek geçirmez, küf önleyici ve su geçirmez özelliklere sahip olmasını sağlamak için kimyasal koruyucularla yapay olarak eklendiği anlamına gelir. Doğrudan toprak ve nemli ortamla temas edebilir ve genellikle dış mekan zeminlerinde, mühendislikte, peyzajlarda, korozyon önleyici ahşap çiçek standlarında vb. İnsanların dinlenip doğal güzelliği takdir etmeleri için kullanılır.Dış mekan zeminleri, bahçe manzaraları, ahşap salıncaklar, eğlence tesisleri, ahşap plakalar vb. İçin ideal bir malzemedir. , Bahçe tasarımcıları tarafından tercih edilir, ancak bilim ve teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte Bijie antikorozif ahşap zaten çok çevre dostudur, bu nedenle genellikle iç dekorasyon, döşeme ve mobilyalarda kullanılır.İç dekorasyon tasarımcıları da antikorozif ahşabı çok severler.
Son Makaleler已知函数.
（1）若在处的切线方程为，求，的值；
（2）若为区间上的任意实数，且对任意，总有成立，求实数的最小值.
高二数学解答题困难题查看答案及解析
已知椭圆的左右焦点分别为，离心率为，点在椭圆上，，，过与坐标轴不垂直的直线与椭圆交于两点．
（1）求椭圆的方程；
（2）若的中点为，在线段上是否存在点，使得？若存在，请求出的取值范围；若不存在，请说明理由．
高二数学解答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
如图，在直三棱柱中，，是的中点，.
（1）求证：平面；
（2）若异面直线和所成角的余弦值为，求四棱锥的体积.
高二数学解答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
2018年8月8日是我国第十个全民健身日，其主题是：新时代全民健身动起来.某市为了解全民健身情况，随机从某小区居民中抽取了40人，将他们的年龄分成7段：，，，，，，后得到年龄如图所示的频率分布直方图.
（1）试求这40人年龄的众数、中位数的估计值；
（2）（i）若从样本中年龄在的居民中任取2人赠送健身卡，求这2人中至少有1人年龄低于60岁的概率；
（ii）己知该小区年龄在内的总人数为1200，若18岁以上（含18岁）为成年人，试估计该小区年龄不超过80岁的成年人人数.
高二数学解答题简单题查看答案及解析
设的内角，，的对边分别为，，，已知.
（1）求角；
（2）若，，求的面积.
高二数学解答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
以平面直角坐标系的原点为极点，轴的正半轴为极轴，建立极坐标系，已知直线的参数方程是（为参数），曲线的极坐标方程为.
（1）求直线的普通方程和曲线的直角坐标方程；
（2）若直线与x轴交于点，与曲线交于点，，求的值.
高二数学解答题简单题查看答案及解析
如图，一张矩形白纸，，，，分别为，的中点，现分别将，沿，DF折起，且、在平面同侧，下列命题正确的是_________（写出所有正确命题的序号）
①平面平面时，
②当平面平面时，平面
③当、重合于点时，
④当、重合于点时，三棱锥的外接球的半径为
高二数学填空题困难题查看答案及解析
已知倾斜角为的直线的斜率等于双曲线的离心率，则_________.
高二数学填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析
已知满足，则的最小值为_________.
高二数学填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析
已知向量，，若，则_________.
高二数学填空题简单题查看答案及解析Historical fiction . . . and mice (or, well, rats)!
ELE 616 Research in Children’s Literature Spring 2011 Historical Fiction… and Mice (or, well, rats, really)!
2Define historicalfiction? • historical fiction – A narrative in the form of a novel set in a specific place and period in history, or based on an event or sequence of events that actually happened. The characters may be completely fictional, but if they are known to have existed, their feelings, words, and actions are reconstructed and to some degree imagined by the author. The presence of dialogue in a historical work is usually a clue that the account is fictionalized. – For more information, connect to the Historical Novel Society. Click here to connect to the Google list of historical fiction Web sites. Compare with nonfiction. See also: Scott ODell Award.
3But, what isHistoricalFiction, forsooth? been a•―The historical novel has alwaysliterary form at war with itself. The veryterm, implying a fiction somehow groundedin fact – a lie with obscure obligations to thetruth – is suggestive of the contradictions ofthe genre.‖ –Quote from a review, cited in “History is but a fable agreed upon: the problem of truth in history and fiction,” speech by Richard Lee to Romantic Novelists Association
4What is History, though? • Whatever else it may be – it is NOT truth – Each decade throws up new approaches to history, finds new or previously overlooked sources and gives entirely new weight to the facts they do agree on. – History, in other words, is tailored for its audience. – The facts that survive are absurdly inadequate. The interpretation that is put on them is a huge distortion even of those few facts. • History is but a fable agreed upon
5What is History, then?• History is not quite the out and out truth that it seems – At its best it is only one historian’s selection of what he or she BELIEVES, at any particular time, is most relevant from the body of material that survives. At worst – well at worst, it is no more than the sort of bigoted opinion and blatant manipulation of sources that we’ve recently seen exposed in the work of holocaust denier, DAVID IRVING. • History is but a fable agreed upon
6Where does that leaveHistorical is the most primal, the most NATURAL• Historical fiction Fiction? of literary forms – Historical fiction . . . is the artistic form that springs from this impulse to give a shape to the past. But it’s not JUST to give a shape to the past. It is to bring part of the past ALIVE into the present. – . . . all historical fiction . . . makes us feel, as a protagonist, what otherwise would be dead and lost to us. It transports us into the past. And the very best historical fiction presents to us a TRUTH of the past that is NOT the truth of the history books, but a bigger truth, a more important truth – a truth of the HEART. • History is but a fable agreed upon
7Differences between history andhistorical fiction • Andrew M. Greeley – History and historical fiction are necessarily not the same thing. The purpose of history is to narrate events as accurately as one can. The purpose of historical fiction is to enable a reader through the perspective of characters in the story to feel that she or he is present at the events. Such a goal obviously requires some modification of the events. • Quoted by Cindy Vallar in Historical Fiction vs. History • See her selected Articles on Historical Fiction vs. History (scroll down page)
8Problems with writing HistoricalFiction Problem of Definition • The – just how “past” is “past”? • The Problem of ―Truth‖ Fall 1998 – Historical Fiction or Fictional History? Historical Fiction or • The Problem of Balance Fictionalized History? – How much “authentic” detail? Problems for • The Problem of Accuracy Writers of Historical – How do you avoid errors or Novels for anachronisms? Young Adults • The Problem of Provenance Joanne Brown – Where does the story come from?
9How do these authors do it?• Making it real: bringing historical fiction alive – The challenge for me in writing historical fiction is this: How can I see, hear, feel, taste, smell, and know what my main character experienced? I have always done this through a combination of book research, exploring original records, searching for artifacts, doing interviews, and reenactment. I am an experiential learner. I am also somewhat dyslexic, so the book research can take me just so far. Touching real original records and artifacts can often transport my imagination back in time in ways that no microfilm ever could. • Carbone, E. (2007, June). making it real: bringing historical fiction alive. Teacher Librarian, 34(5), 27-30. Retrieved October 27, 2007, from Academic
10Teaching HistoricalFiction• – To help you build good fiction into your social studies program, you’ll find: • Seven Reasons I Teach with Historical Fiction • Tips for Choosing Good Historical Fiction • Fifteen Fabulous New Historical Fiction Books • Is Pocahontas Real? Discovering Where History Stops and the Story Starts
11Mice in historical fiction?• Not many mice—a few rats, though!
12 Historical fiction based in legend • What Happened in Hamelinhttp://dogeardiary.blogspot.com/2008/10/what-happened-in-hamelin.html
13An Australian story• Ratface and Snake Eyes – A rat plague begins at the height of the depression in Gladstone, Qld. Snake Eyes and his primary school friends go into business snake catching and Ratface and his gang go into business as rat catchers. Together, the two gangs uncover an important opal smuggling operation using both rats and snakes. For those aged between 10 and 14.آزردن کودک
یکی از شاگردان بزرگوار شیخ رجبعلی خیاط (رحمه الله) گفت: فرزند دو ساله ام - که اکنون حدود چهل سال دارد - در منزل ادرار کرده بود و مادرش چنان او را زد که نزدیک بود نفس بچه بند بیاید. خانم پس از یک ساعت تب کرد، تب شدیدی که به پزشک مراجعه کردیم و در شرایط اقتصادی آن روز شصت تومان پول نسخه و دارو شد، ولی تب قطع نشد، بلکه شدیدتر شد. مجدداً به پزشک مراجعه کردیم و این بار چهل تومان بابت هزینه درمان پرداخت کردیم که در آن روزگار برایم سنگین بود.
باری، شب هنگام، جناب شیخ را در ماشین سوار کردم تا به جلسه برویم. همسرم نیز در ماشین بود، جناب شیخ که سوار شد، اشاره به خانم کردم و گفتم: والده بچه هاست، تب کرده، دکتر هم بردیم ولی تب او قطع نمی شود. شیخ نگاهی کرد و خطاب به همسرم فرمود: بچه را که آن طور نمی زنند، استغفار کن، از بچه دلجویی کن و چیزی برایش بخر، خوب می شود. چنین کردیم، تب او قطع شد!(221).
در برابر آزار و بدی ها اینگونه باشیم!
روایت شده که چون حضرت یعقوب و یوسف به هم رسیدند، یعقوب پرسید: پسر جان بگو برایم چه بر سرت آمد؟ گفت: بابا مپرس که برادرانم با من چه کردند، بپرس که خدا با من چه کرد.(222)
نعوذ بالله
یکی از خلفای عباسی که به غایت ظلم پیشه و ستم اندیشه بود، با یکی از ندمای خویش گفت که به جهت من لقبی پیداکن مثل المعتصم بالله و الناصر دین الله و... آن ندیم گفت: هیچ لقبی برای تو مناسب تر از نعوذبالله نیست(223).Ha una importanza storica notevole questa foto: perché non fa parte delle immagini conosciute della battaglia, quelle della serie "Benschel", così chiamate dal nome del fotografo tedesco Benschel che le scattò; Benschel era insieme ad altri fotografi e apparteneva alla Propaganda Kompanie, il reparto di fotoreporter tedesco che da Roma si recò a Barletta per documentare con foto e riprese video la riconquista della città. Analizzando la foto, sembra essere stata scattata a bordo di un altro mezzo militare (al momento non ci è dato sapere se esistono altre foto scattate dallo stesso fotografo).
E' una nuova fotografia, che dimostra quale fu l'impegno da parte dei tedeschi e dello Stato Maggiore tedesco di riconquistare Barletta documentando il più possibile.
Ma perché Barletta fu così importante per i tedeschi? Perché così tante immagini? E perché Barletta resisteva ancora il 12 settembre, unica tra le città italiane?
Ricordiamone la storia
L'8 settembre 1943, alle ore 19.30 Badoglio annuncia via radio l'armistizio con gli americani. Alle 21.00 lo Stato Maggiore tedesco emana la parola d'ordine "Achse", cioè l'attacco a tutte le postazioni militari italiane per disarmarle e metterle fuori combattimento. Mentre i tedeschi attaccano con tutte le forze possibili gli italiani in tutta Italia, nei Balcani e nelle isole dell'Egeo, nessun ordine identico viene emanato dallo Stato Maggiore italiano; la Memoria OP 44, cioè l'ordine di attaccare i tedeschi, preparato, non viene perà diramato.
Alle 6 del mattino del 9 settembre, lo Stato Maggiore delle Forze militari italiane cessa di esistere.
Tutto lo Stato Maggiore, tutti gli ufficiali operativi, da Ambrosio, a Roatta, a De Courten, a Sandalli, stanno seguendo il Re e Badoglio in trasferimento prima a Pescara e poi a Brindisi.
Dalle 6 di mattine, tutti i telefoni, a Roma, tempestati di chiamate da tutti i reparti italiani che chiedono istruzioni, squillano a vuoto. A Roma non c'è più quasi nessuno.
I tedeschi attaccano ovunque le postazioni italiane. Solo a Roma si combatte, ma senza un piano e un coordinamento preciso. Nella notte tra il 9 e il 10 Badoglio e il Re si imbarcano a Ortona sulla nave Baionetta. Arrivano a Brindisi nel pomeriggio accolti da uno stupito Ammiraglio Rubartelli, Comandante della Piazza di Brindisi, che si vede tutto lo Stato maggiore sbar
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la,
*Bugüne kadar, kanatlı etiyle veya yumurtalarıyla bulaşma olduğu bildirilmemekle birlikte, bu ürünlerin, iyice pişirilmeden yenmelerinin riskli olabileceği unutulmamalıdır.
5. Hastalığın insanlardaki belirtileri nelerdir?
İnsanlarda ateş, boğaz ağrısı, kas ve eklem ağrıları, kuru öksürük, solunum güçlüğü gibi grip belirtilerinin yanı sıra, kuş gribinde farklı olarak karın ağrısı ve ishal de görülebilmektedir. İnsanlardaki kuluçka süresi 2-4 gün kadardır.
6. Hastalıkta risk grupları kimlerdir?
Kanatlı hayvanlar arasında salgınlara sebep olan mevcut kuş gribi tipinin, koruyucu önlemleri almadan kanatlı hayvan yetiştiren ve bu hayvanlarla sıkı teması olan insanlara bulaşması söz konusudur; bu alanlarla ilgisi olmayan diğer insanlar için bir risk yoktur.
7. Hastalık kanatlı hayvan ürünlerinin tüketilmesiyle bulaşır mı?
Kanatlı hayvan etlerinin, iç ısıları 70 °C olacak veya ette pembe/kırmızı görüntü kalmayacak şekilde pişirilerek tüketilmesi halinde, insanlarda hastalık oluşması mümkün değildir. Yumurtalar sabunlu suyla yıkanmalı ve 70 °C’de en az 5 dakika pişirildikten sonra yenmelidir. Zaten, bilinen klâsik pişirme yöntemleriyle bu durum sağlanmaktadır. Ayrıca, veteriner hekim kontrolünden geçmiş piyasadaki ürünler için herhangi bir risk yoktur. Aslında, bu ürünlerin iyice pişirilmeden yenmesiyle başka hastalıklar da bulaşabileceğinden, hayvanlara ait bütün ürünlerin iyice pişirildikten sonra tüketilmesi gerekmektedir.
8. Virüsün çevre şartlarına duyarlılığı nasıldır?
Esasen kuş gribi etkeni virüs dış ortamlara dayanıklı değildir. Virüsün 56 °C’de 3 saatte veya 60 °C’de 30 dakikada öldüğü, formalin ve iyot bileşiklerine de duyarlı olduğu; bunlara ilâveten virüsün, kontamine gübrede düşük ısılarda en az 3 ay canlı kaldığı, suda 22 °C’de 4 gün, 0 °C’de ise 30 gün canlılığını sürdürebildiği bilinmektedir.
9. Hastalığın aşısı var mıdır?
H5N1 isimli kuş gribi virüsüne karşı şu an için etkin bir aşı bulunmamakla birlikte, değişik merkezlerde aşı geliştirme çalışmaları devam etmektedir. Virüsün, mutasyon geçirme yeteneğinin olması, aşı hazırlanmasındaki önemli bir engeldir. Ancak, muhtemel bir salgın söz konusu olursa, salgını yapan etkene karşı hızla aşı geliştirme ve üretme çalışmaları yapılabilecektir.
10. Hastalığın tedavisi var mıdır?
Hastalıktan korunma ve/veya tedavi amacıyla antiviral ilâçlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu amaçla kullanılan oseltamivir etken maddeli antiviral ilâç, kuş gribi hastalığına yakalanmış veya bu hastalıktan ölen hayvanlara teması olan kişilerden, yukarıda 5. maddede verilen belirtileri olanlara günde 2 defa 75 miligram miktarında 5 gün süreyle verilebilmektedir.
11. Kuş gribinden korunmak için neler yapılmalıdır?
*Kanatlı hayvan yetiştirilen kümeslerde çalışanlar eldiven, maske, gözlük takarak ve koruyucu elbise giyerek çalışmalıdır.
*Başta kanatlı yetiştiriciliğinde çalışanlar olmak üzere, herkes ferdî hijyen kurallarına uymalı, eller sık sık bol su ve sabunla iyice yıkanmalıdır.
*Kanatlı hayvan etleri ve yumurtaları, iyice pişirildikten sonra tüketilmelidir.
*Kuş gribinden ölen veya kuş gribi şüphesiyle itlaf edilen hayvanların gerek itlafı sırasında gerekse bunların bertaraf edilmeleri esnasında gerekli koruyucu önlemler (maske, eldiven, elbise, gözlük) alınmalıdır.
*Hasta veya ölmüş hayvanlarla temastan kaçınılmalıdır.
*Kanatlı hayvanların salya, burun akıntısı, boğaz akıntısı, dışkısı gibi materyallerine veya bu materyallerle kirlenen yüzeylere temas edilmemelidir.
*Ölen kanatlı hayvanlar yakılarak veya derince açılan çukurlara gömülüp üzerlerine sönmemiş kireç dökülmek suretiyle bertaraf edilmelidir.
*Hastalığın görüldüğü yerlere seyahat edilmesi halinde, kanatlı hayvan çiftliklerinden ve pazarlarından uzak durulmalıdır.
*Kuş gribi olduğu veya kuş gribinden öldüğü doğrulanmış hayvanlarla, koruyucu önlem almadan temas eden kişiler, hekim önerisiyle, oseltamivir adlı ilâcı günde 1 defa 75 miligram miktarında 7 gün süreyle almalıdırlar.“You Press The Button and We Do The Rest.”
So said high school dropout George Eastman in 1885 when he introduced the Kodak camera and created the era of amateur photography.
Eastman’s dream was to make picture taking “an everyday affair, to make the camera as convenient as the pencil.” He succeeded far beyond his expectations, and for a century people around the world photographed their families, friends and vacations using cameras that descended from Eastman’s Kodak and the photographic film that he perfected.
Prior to the Kodak, cameras were the size of shoeboxes or small suitcases. They recorded images on glass plates that the photographers themselves carefully coated with a light-sensitive emulsion inside a light-tight tent or enclosure.
Eastman’s Kodak camera opened up photography to everyone with a dry, light-sensitive film that could provide up to 100 images.
In 1900 Eastman Kodak introduced the Brownie, a small black camera designed for children that sold for $1 (about $26 in today’s dollars). The Brownie could take six photos using a film cartridge that could be loaded into the camera in daylight. It was an instant success, and 150,000 were sold the first year.
In 1975, Kodak engineer Steven Sasson made the first digital camera. Instead of developing a commercial digital camera, Kodak built a solid foundation of digital camera patents and worked hard behind the scenes to improve digital photography. But Kodak was reluctant to commercialize an invention that might ultimately take a major bite out of its immensely profitable film business.
That didn’t slow the competition. While Kodak makes digital cameras today, the leading digital camera makers are Japanese companies like Canon and Nikon.
Digital photography has ushered in a revolution almost as significant as the Brownie, because now anyone with a color printer can make photographic prints.
Before acquiring my first digital camera in 1998, I spent countless hours in a darkroom developing film and making prints for my books and articles. Today I can make higher quality prints in a few minutes.
While Kodak is no longer the leading photography company, its legend as the pioneer in its field will live on long past the fading billboards that advertise Kodak film along the highways that lead to New Mexico’s Carlsbad Caverns.
Recently the Kodak legacy came to mind while I photographed one of those old advertising signs with a modern digital camera that stores thousands of high-quality images on memory cards not much larger than a postage stamp.
You can learn much more about the legacy of George Eastman and his Kodak at www.kodak.com, where some of the history related here was found.
Mims lives on Geronimo Creek near Seguin. His science is featured online at www.forrestmims.org and www.sunandsky.org. Follow him at twitter.com/fmims. E-mail him at [email protected]GREENLAND WHITE-FRONTED GEESE ON THE DYFI ESTUARY.
NOTE * GREENLAND WHITE-FRONTED GEESE ARE FULLY PROTECTED BY LAW.
There was always a large number of Greenland White Fronted geese (GWfG) on the Dyfi estuary but during the hard winter of 1963 many of them died from the conditions. Numbers continued dropping to around 50 birds that came and over wintered on the Dyfi estuary in 1970. In 1972 a no shooting voluntary moratorium was put in place to protect the few remaining birds.
Dyfi & District Wildfowlers’ Association as it was back then embarked on a rearing and release program in 1973-74 in memory of the late Mr Ian Richardson who was killed in a motor accident on his way home from the shoot dinner. Mr Richardson had a passion to see the numbers of Greenland White-Front Geese increase.
Dyfi & District Wildfowlers’ Association went ahead and purchased some breading stock and with the co-operation of the local land owners and wildfowlers numbers increased and peaked at 200 birds in 1990. In more recent years the numbers have been steadily declining as has been the national trend. The no shooting voluntary moratorium has now been replaced by full protection which applies to all areas across Wales.
DMDWA was awarded the Stanley Duncan Conservation Trophy at the BASC AGM held on the 10th June 2017 in recognition for the efforts made by the club to conserve the Greenland White-fronted Geese which has received a new lease of life with a two year satellite tagging and habitat survey project which was financed by the Welsh Government.
Two Greenland White-fronted Geese where satellite tagged in December 2016 and other geese that where captured at that time had neck collars fitted, all with the assistance of DMDWA. DMDWA are part of the Welsh Greenland White-fronted Geese Partnership Group which also includes WG, NRW, BASC, RSPB WWT and an independent ecologist.
Anyone using the Dyfi need to be aware that the Greenland white-fronted goose population is monitored by ground observations.بعد از نمازهات به امام رضا سلام می دهی؟ اگر بله خوب معلومه ارتباط برقراره و اگر نه از امشب شروع کن و خودت را مقید به سلام دادن بعد از نمازها به امام حسین و امام رضا و امام عصر صلوات الله علیهم اجمعین
؛ بُعد منزل، نبُوَد در سفرِ روحانی!
- پنجشنبه ۲۳ فروردين ۹۷In our previous blog post, we discussed the structure of morphine and other opioid analgesics. These substances all have similar chemical structures, and these structural similarities lead to the similar effects that these opioids have. In this post, we’ll be specifically discussing the effects of morphine on the body. From our previous entries, it is known that morphine’s chemical formula is C17H19NO3. These elements are organized in a way often called the morphine rule, and other opioids also obey this rule. Additionally, the structures of morphine and the opioids that are derived from it are similar to endorphins and enkephalins, which are substances that the brain naturally produces. These natural substances also have analgesic effects, and since opioids are similar in structure to them, opioids also can stimulate pain receptors in the way that endorphins and enkephalins can. However, since opioids do not have exactly the same structure as endorphins and enkephalins, they are able to cause side effects. Let’s examine some of these effects.
Biochemistry of Morphine’s Positive Effects
Pain is caused by intense or damaging stimuli. To avoid this unpleasant feeling of pain, people use morphine. Morphine is capable of blocking the pain receptor sites on the nerve cells. It is considered one of the most powerful pain relievers available, but what is the reason behind it being so effective? In this case, since the topic is about the interaction between a chemical and some receptor, there is a lock-and-key mechanism at effect. A molecule which can bind to a receptor is called a ligand, so in this case morphine is a ligand. The circumstances of the ligand being able to bind to the receptor are specific to the size, shape, and charge composition of both. There lies the idea behind the key, the molecule, and the lock, the receptor. If a ligand has the correct structure and charge to fit into a specific site on the receptor, known as the active site, it will bind to the receptor and effect some characteristic of the receptor cell, but we won’t go too deep into that. We’re here to talk about the chemistry of morphine, so let’s take a look at how morphine is the key to blocking pain receptors.
The structure of morphine is reproduced to the right. It is known as acentrally acting analgesic, a category of analgesics that includes opioids and acts on primarily on the brain and spinal cord, making it so capable of being a painkiller. As is apparent from its structure, it contains a benzene ring and various other chemical groups, such as a hydroxyl group and other carbon rings. The morphine needs a specific receptor to bind to in order to be effective. Morphine is known to bind to a specific subset of receptors known as opioid receptors. There are different types of opioid receptors such as kappa (κ)-,mu (μ)-, and delta (δ)- receptors, which differ by functional properties, side effect profiles, genes and proteins, and tissue expression patterns. These receptors are found on nociceptors, the sensory neuron cells that are responsible for sending pain signals to the brain as a response to damaging stimuli. Now that both the key and lock have been defined, the process of binding can take effect. The important characteristic to note in the structure of morphine is that the benzene ring is contained in one plane, so it is completely flat. It is perfect because it is then able to fit snugly against a flat section of the receptor’s active site. The rest of molecule falls into place easily. The neighboring carbon atoms fit into a nearby groove, while the nitrogen atom is able to attach to a negatively-charged group on the receptor, thus binding the ligand to the receptor.
The ligand has been bound to the nociceptor, so the morphine is able to work about dulling the pain. It accomplishes that by simply blocking the pain signals from being sent by the pre-synaptic neuron on the nociceptor. This is done by activating the opioid receptors, causing a reactionary change in the cell, which inhibits the production of substance P, a compound that is responsible for the synaptic transmission of pain and nerve impulses. Refer to the diagram to see a visualization of this process. However, it is a dangerous effect since the slowing of the nerve cell’s function and impulse release could lead to slowing in vital processes such as respiration, resulting in respiratory depression, a negative side effect amongst many.
Neurological Side-Effects and Addiction
In addition to stimulating the receptors that process pain signals, morphine is capable of stimulating other regions of the brain, especially the ventral tegmental area of the brain, which processes the release of reward compounds that are released when the human does something that aids survival. Doses of morphine are able to inhibit a process called long-term potentiation, in which the connections between neurons, or synapses, are made stronger through repeated simulation. As a result of long-term potentiation, the brain’s memory capacity is reinforced and made stronger as a result, since strengthened synapses are the basis for memory. Specifically, morphine effects the synapses between inhibitor neurons and dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain.
Pictured here is a dopamine neuron releasing dopamine, depicted as yellow-green circles, to a nearby neuron. Dopamine is responsible for making humans feel “good.”
Dopamine is a reward compound in the brain, being released whenever a human does something that makes them feel good, and inhibitor neurons serve to control the release of dopamine. The morphine removes the link between the inhibitor neuron and the dopamine neurons, so the dopamine neurons produce dopamine uninhibited with the connection to the inhibitor being removed. Thus, the human feels more rewarded since more dopamine is being processed by their receptors, but it takes more dopamine for the human to feel satisfied since the increased dopamine levels of the brain are imprinted into the memory since the morphine stimulates the synapse. Morphine chemically changes the brain by doing this, and it can cause dependence and addiction because of this.
Other Negative Side-Effects
Although morphine and other opioid analgesics primarily work with the brain, some of the side-effects of ingesting these substances affect different areas of the body. These effects have a variety of causes, and many of these are independent from the structure of the opioid, contrary to the neurological effects. Similar substances such as morphine, methadone, oxycodone, and hydrocodone can cause serious consequences as side-effects. Some may even say that these unfortunate effects may render these drugs “not worth it.” Many of the positive effects of these helpful drugs are only temporary. For example, when morphine is used as a pain-killer, it is often used for only a short period of time. The pain is temporary, and once it is relieved, the medication is no longer needed. However, many of these side-effects are chronic. As mentioned earlier, addiction can be caused by prolonged usage of opioids. One’s body becomes trained to require treatment and medication in a process of addiction. When these substances cease to be taken, the body undergoes withdrawal and many related side-effects.
Pictured here is a woman who is suffering from opioid-induced hyperalgesia after long-term opioid use.
After long-term opioid use, the body can become extra-sensitive to painful stimulation. This condition is known as opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and although it is induced by nociceptive sensitization in the brain, it affects the entire body. This state is caused by the inhibition of pain signals, and the alteration of the responsible receptors due to exposure to opioids. Another long-term side-effect is particularly rampant in males. This is the lowered production of sex hormones, notably testosterone. Opioid-induced hypogonadism, as it is called, relates to the inhibition of the endocrine system after long exposure to opioid analgesics. Consequently, when the body is subject to an imbalance of hormones, a domino-like effect can be caused, and in the case of opioids, people can develop osteoporosis.
These effects, both good and bad, show just some of the things that opioids can do to the human body. Although these drugs are often used to ward off pain in medical circumstances, if used incorrectly, much like any medication, they can be devastating. Avoid overdosing or becoming addicted to these substances, and only use them when told by a doctor. Come back next time to read about methamphetamine, the most abused hard drug in the world, as declared by the U.N. World Drug Report in 2006, and how Heisenberg created it on the hit show Breaking Bad.خلا
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二、患者要避免喝酒。
精神分裂症患者一定要避免饮酒，酒精会增加谷氨酸能，谷氨酸是兴奋件神经递质，引起氧化应激，产生自由基，引起神经氧化损害，另外，酒精还会促进多巴胺释放，会加重了精神分裂患者的阳性症状的。
三、患者要多吃水果。
精神分裂症患者一定要多吃水果和蔬菜。水果以及蔬菜是对人体非常有好处的，而且含有丰富的维生素类。精神分裂患者的饮食是应注意烹调的方法，色、香、味、形，以增进食欲；有的病人不知饥饱，一次进食量较多，因此，精神分裂症的饮食应定时、定量，按食谱供应。
温馨提示：治疗精神分裂的同时，还需要注意饮食和生活中的调理，这些对患者的治疗也有很大的帮助。另外在日常生活中还需要注意患者的情绪变化，避免患者出现不好的情绪导致出现过激的行为。Gravity light concept (via Indigogo)
Sometimes people come up with an ingenious idea or an alternate way of redesigning things we might take for granted such as a generator that runs on bodily waste (Maker Faire Africa) or a cooking pot that generates electrical energy from heat (PowerPot). It’s along those lines that another pair of individuals has designed a way to light-up (literally) the lives of those who don’t have easy access to power with their device known as the GravityLight. Developed by two researchers (Martin Riddiford and Jim Reeves) from Deciwatt.org, the GravityLight uses weight to power the devices LED lamp, which is generated using natural downward force. The light comes shipped with a fabric/polymer bag that can be filled with sand or rocks up to a total weight of about 20lbs, which is hung from a strap, situated below the light’s housing that’s connected to the devices internal gear structure. It takes only a few seconds to fit the bag in place, and it generates 30 minutes of light as the weight of the bag rotates a series of gears that translates the downward force into electrical energy. The light can be adjusted to give off a bright blinding illumination or soft glow and comes equipped with two terminals that allow the user to power or recharge other devices such as batteries or radios. Martin and Jim decided to fund the environmentally friendly GravityLight on Indiegogo (surpassing their initial goal of $55,000 US) as a way to provide their ingenious light to developing communities in Africa as part of challenge submitted by Solar Aid as an alternative to combustion-based fossil fuel lighting such as kerosene lamps. Biomass fuel used for indoor lighting has some serious side-effects on the health for those that use them and translates into smoking roughly two packs of cigarettes a day. This translates into a 60% increase in lung cancer for adult females in those developing communities who are non-smokers (estimates taken from a study conducted by the World Bank)! So not only will the GravityLight supply clean energy-efficient lighting, it will also undoubtedly help those who use them to remain healthy.Oasahiko Shrine: A Treasure Trove of Spiritual Sights
It All Started with Hemp
No one knows exactly when Oasahiko Shrine was founded, but there is evidence that it was already a revered sacred site more than 1,100 years ago. Legend states that Ame-no-Tomi-no-Mikoto, a nobleman related to Emperor Jimmu (Japan’s first emperor) arrived in Tokushima (then known as Awa Province) bearing gifts. He brought hemp and paper mulberry seeds, which the locals propagated and sowed the seed for a profitable agricultural industry that lasted for centuries.
In honor of Ame-no-Tomi-no-Mikoto’s magnanimous deeds and divine virtues, he was posthumously named Oasahiko and enshrined here. He is one of two main gods at the shrine together with Sarutahiko, the god who guards the bridge between the land and the heavens.
Visitors to Oasahiko Shrine can buy a special hemp fabric omamori charm that honors the importance of hemp agriculture to the people of East Tokushima.
Oasahiko Shrine Highlights
The Goshinboku Tree
This giant camphor tree is estimated to be about 1,000 years old and is a cultural asset of Naruto city. The robust trunk is a whopping 8.3 meters in circumference and reaches 22 meters in height. Locals often stop by here to pray and hopefully receive some of the tree’s longevity.
The German Connection
Visitors to Naruto city will discover references to Germany wherever they go. During World War I, about 1,000 German and Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war were detained here, but were treated humanely and lived quite comfortably. To show their gratitude, they constructed Meganebashi (Glasses Bridge) and Doitsubashi (German Bridge) and shared their engineering know-how with the people here. Head to the back of the shrine precinct to see the bridges, which are symbols of friendship between Germany and Japan. For more about the fascinating history that ties Germany and East Tokushima together, visit the nearby Naruto German House.
Maruyama Shrine and Maruyama Inari Shrine
Just past the German Bridge, there is a steep staircase up a small hill that houses two small shrines, Maruyama Shrine and Maruyama Inari Shrine. There’s not much of a view from here as the surrounding trees are quite tall, but it’s a nice quiet space to take a moment or two for oneself.
Adventurous explorers should take time to visit Mt Oasa, a sacred mountain connected to the shrine. At 538 meters high it’s about a one-hour hike to the summit for experienced hikers and closer to two hours for beginners. The trail is popular with locals as it has steep stone steps and is surrounded by a dense natural forest, making it perfect for mountain-climbing enthusiasts and spiritual seekers alike. Visitors who make it to the top can pray at Okumine Shrine for extra good luck (and a safe journey back down).
For more about Oasahiko Shrine, visit the shrine’s official website: http://www.ooasahikojinja.jp/e/
Address: 13 Azahirotsuka, Bando Oasa, Naruto city, Tokushima
How to get here
From Tokushima city, it’s about a 30-minute drive to Oasahiko Shrine. There are plenty of parking spaces near the entrance.
If you’re traveling by train it’s about a 30-minute walk from Bando Station, so grabbing a taxi from here is your best bet.
You can also walk here from Ryozenji, the first temple on the Shikoku 88 Pilgrimage Route.Soloi,
Solipolis ve Pompeopolis.
Mersin kent merkezine en yakın antik kent olan Soli Pompeipolis, sütunlu yolu, antik limanı ve hamamı, akropolleri ile şehrin içinde olmasına rağmen az bilinen yerlerindendir.
Mersin'in Mezitli ilçesinde yer alan Soli Pompeiopolis, Rodoslu kolonistler tarafından kurulan ve Slevkos, Roma, Pers ve Makedon hakimiyetinde kalmış önemli bir liman kentidir. 525 yılında büyük bir depremle çok büyük zarar görmüştür.
Sütunlu Cadde, Soli Höyük, Antik Liman, Viranşehir.هنگامی که در سال 2013 برای اولین بار مادر شدم، متوجه شدم که تجربیات من از مادر شدن با انواع پیام هایی که در اطرافم می چرخد مطابقت ندارد.
به عنوان یک جامعه، ما در مورد مادری یا با احساسات مضحک صحبت می کنیم - به کاتالوگ های هدیه برای روز مادر فکر کنید - یا اینکه چقدر برای زنان طاقت فرسا است. اغلب ما مادر شدن را به عنوان یک مشکل یا یک بحران به تصویر میکشیم، بهجای اینکه به این فکر کنیم که آیا راههایی وجود دارد که مادری بتواند زندگی یک زن را غنیتر کند.
روانشناسان تشخیص می دهند که مادر شدن یک تغییر اساسی در هویت یک زن است.
بنابراین تصمیم گرفتم سعی کنم این دگردیسی از خودم را که در خودم تشخیص دادم، درک کنم، و چگونگی تکامل آن در طول زمان و آنچه می تواند در مورد مادری امروز به ما بگوید را دنبال کنم.
با مصاحبه با بیش از 60 زن استرالیایی که مادر شدن را از سال 1945 تا امروز آغاز کردند، داستانی شفاهی درباره مادر بودن ایجاد کردم. اگرچه هر مصاحبه منحصر به فرد است، اما با هم سه دوره گسترده از تجربه نسلی را تشکیل می دهند.
مادران پس از جنگ
زنانی که اولین فرزند خود را در دهههای 1950 و 1960 به دنیا آوردند، تجربهای متمایز داشتند که من آن را مادری پس از جنگ مینامم. در طول این دهه ها، استرالیایی ها طرح هایی را برای ازدواج و پدر و مادر پذیرفتند که به دلیل جنگ جهانی دوم به تعویق افتاد. در شرایط اشتغال کامل و دستمزدهای بالای مردان، بسیاری از خانواده ها می توانستند با یک درآمد زندگی کنند.
به عنوان مثال، در سال 1954، تنها 15 درصد از زنان متاهل حقوق می گرفتند. بیشتر دختران با این فرض بزرگ شدند که هویت آنها بر مادری متمرکز است و برای بسیاری این به معنای میزبانی تمام وقت بود. زنان در سنین پایینتر مادر شدند و خانوادههای بزرگتری داشتند: تقریباً نیمی از آنها اولین فرزند خود را در اوایل 20 سالگی به دنیا آوردند و مادران به طور متوسط 3.5 فرزند داشتند.
وقتی از مادران پس از جنگ پرسیدم که آیا مادری آنها را تغییر داده است، بسیاری نادیده گرفته شدند. ایو احساس کرد که "من همان شخص هستم، اما با رشد مهارت ها" و توضیح داد که - مانند بسیاری از استرالیایی ها در اواسط قرن بیستم - اغلب مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار نمی گیرد.
مادران پس از جنگ به طور مشخص در خاطره مادری رواقی بودند. برخلاف تجربه رکود بزرگ یا جنگ جهانی دوم، آنها تمایل دارند چالش های آموزش توالت رفتن یا تغذیه نوزادان را کم اهمیت جلوه دهند.
با این حال، اقلیتی اذعان دارند که انتقال به مادری دشوار است. برای مثال، گریس به دلیل «مدیریت دو نوزاد و انزوای تمام روز» دچار «افسردگی جدی» شد. در عصری که بیماری روانی شرم آور تلقی می شد و این وضعیت به طور گسترده درک نمی شد، صحبت آشکار در مورد افسردگی پری ناتال دشوار بود.
مادران موج دوم
زنانی که در دهههای 1970 و 1980 صاحب فرزند شدند، تجربهی خاص خود را داشتند که توسط موج دوم فمینیسم شکل گرفت.
بیشتر و بیشتر استرالیایی ها به این باور رسیده اند که توانایی یک زن فراتر از تربیت و تربیت فرزندان است. دسترسی بهتر به کنترل بارداری، سقط جنین و آموزش جنسی به زنان توانایی بیشتری برای کنترل تولید مثل داده است. میانگین سن مادر شدن برای اولین بار در سال 1971 به 25 سال افزایش یافت و زنان تا سال 1976 به طور متوسط 2.1 فرزند داشتند.
مشارکت زنان در نیروی کار از 34 درصد در سال 1961 به 62 درصد در سال 1990 افزایش یافت که به دلیل گسترش آهسته مراقبت از کودکان با دستمزد حمایت می شود.
بحث فزاینده ای در مورد روانشناسی و احساسات وجود داشت زیرا فمینیسم زنان را تشویق می کرد تا در مورد تجربیات شخصی از جمله مادری صحبت کنند. بسیاری از مادران موج دوم احساس می کردند که از زمان تولد فرزندانشان تغییر کرده اند. سوزان گفت که "تولد اولین نوزادم تمام زندگی من را ارزش زیستن کرد" و "من کاری کردم که نمی دانستم به آن نیاز دارم."
مادران موج دوم برای اولین بار بیشتر در مورد مشکلات مادری صحبت کردند. سالی دریافت که تجربه اولیه او "جهنم روی زمین" و "یک شوک برای سیستم از هر نظر" بود. در حالی که مشکلات سالی کوتاه مدت بود، برخی از مادران مبارزات عاطفی شدیدتر و طولانی تری را تجربه کردند.
میروسلاوا افسردگی پری ناتال خواهرش مری را به یاد می آورد. مادرشوهر مریم به او گفت "چیزی نیست" و "تو احمقی." در زمانی که بیماری روانی مورد انگ بود، خانواده مری مصمم بودند که «هیچ یک از عروسهای ما مشکل روانی ندارند» و از دسترسی او به خدمات حمایتی جلوگیری کردند.
داستان مری بر سوء تفاهم غم انگیز بسیاری از مردم در مورد افسردگی پری ناتال در دوره های قبلی تاکید می کند. همچنین نشان میدهد که مشکلات در مواجهه با مادری در خلأ رخ نمیدهد، بلکه در زمینههای اجتماعی با عوامل مؤثر بسیاری رخ میدهد.
مادران هزار ساله
زنانی که از دهه 1990 مادر شدهاند، آنهایی هستند که من آنها را «مادران هزاره» مینامم. تأثیر فمینیسم بدین معناست که مادر شدن به عنوان یک انتخاب تلقی می شود و حدود یک چهارم تا یک سوم زنان استرالیایی که امروزه زندگی می کنند، احتمالاً هرگز بچه دار نمی شوند.
کسانی که این کار را انجام می دهند دیرتر زایمان می کنند و میانگین سن اولین مادر شدن به 31 سال می رسد. استرالیایی ها نیز خانواده های کوچک تری دارند. در سال 2020، میانگین تعداد تولد به ازای هر زن 1.8 است. هنجارهای جنسیتی ما اساساً تغییر کرده است: مادران هزاره با این باور بزرگ شده اند که هویت زنان ریشه در حرفه آنها دارد.
آرمانهای فرهنگی ما درباره «مادر خوب» نیز تغییر کرده است: از قضاوت مادرانی که سر کار میروند تا قضاوت درباره زنانی که با فرزندان خود در خانه میمانند. فن آوری های کمک باروری این امکان را برای مادر شدن در جایی که قبلاً دشوار یا غیرممکن بود، برای مادران مجرد، مادران لزبین و زنان با مشکلات باروری ممکن کرده است.
کاترینا احساس شدیدی را که مشخصه ماههای اول مادر شدن بود، برانگیخت و توضیح داد که این «سختترین» و «شگفتانگیزترین چیزی» بود که تا به حال تجربه کرده بود. در واقع، این افراطها در مصاحبه او مرتبط بود، که نشان میدهد رضایت و لذت مادر شدن از غلبه بر مشکلات آن یا حداقل زنده ماندن آن ناشی میشود.
پس از اینکه کانی تصمیم گرفت به تنهایی فرزندی داشته باشد، مادر شدن را بسیار سخت تر از حد انتظار یافت. پس از آنچه او به عنوان چندین "شکست" توصیف کرد، برای او داروهای ضد افسردگی تجویز شد. افسردگی کانی ناشی از یک تجربه تولد ناامید کننده، کارکنان بیمارستان ناهمدرد در حین بهبودی و حمایت ناکافی در مراقبت از نوزاد جدیدش است که خود را در خستگی و تنهایی نشان می دهد.
تصویر پیچیده تری پدیدار می شود
در طول این 75 سال، تغییر آشکاری از داستانهای رواقی و عملگرایانه مادران پس از جنگ به داستانهای شخصیتر و گویاتر مادران هزاره رخ داده است. همچنین تعداد زنانی که در سازگاری با مادری جدید مشکل دارند، افزایش یافته است.
عوامل متعددی این تغییرات را توضیح می دهند. ظهور فرهنگ بیانی در نیمه دوم قرن بیستم به این معنی است که افراد بیشتری در به اشتراک گذاشتن احساسات احساس راحتی می کنند. در این راستا، ترویج روانشناسی، بیماری روانی را (تا حدی) عادی می کند و تشخیص مشکلات عاطفی را برای مادران آسان می کند.
ماهیت پویای حافظه نقش دارد. برای مادران هزاره، خاطرات اوایل مادری زنده است و تغییرات هویتی آسانتر به خاطر میآورند. برای مادران پس از جنگ، خاطرات سختی های موقت کم رنگ شده است و هر گونه تغییر هویت برای دهه ها ادغام شده است.
اما این احتمال نیز وجود دارد که مادر شدن برای اولین بار کمتر از امروز تغییری در هویت مادران پس از جنگ ایجاد کرده باشد. بسیاری با این باور بزرگ شدند که مادری در هویت بزرگسالی نقش اساسی دارد. آنها مادری را اختیاری نمی دانستند. به دنبال جنبش آزادی زنان، بسیاری از زنان استرالیایی هویت خود را با کار مرتبط می دانند و مادر بودن حداقل به طور موقت این موضوع را نقض می کند.
افزایش سن اولین مادر شدن به این اختلال کمک می کند. زنان پس از جنگ زمانی که مادر شدند بسیار جوانتر بودند - و برای یک جوان 20 ساله بچه دار شدن با یک زن 35 یا 40 ساله بسیار متفاوت است که ممکن است مادری را برای خودش مخربتر بداند. به این دلیل که هویت قبل از تولد او به مرور زمان تثبیت شده بود.
زنان بیشتر و بیشتری تصمیم می گیرند در قرن بیست و یکم مادر نشوند. من گمان می کنم که یکی از تأثیرات بر زنانی که تصمیم می گیرند با مادری مخالفت کنند این است که اجتناب ناپذیر و ناگزیر دشوار به نظر می رسد. با این حال، مادر شدن خود مشکلی نیست. این پتانسیل را دارد که غنیترین تجربه در زندگی یک زن باشد، اما آموزش و حمایتی که ما به مادران جدید ارائه میکنیم نیاز به بهبود چشمگیر دارد.
مادر شدن با احساسات شدیدی همراه است که ممکن است یک زن هرگز تجربه نکرده باشد. اگر دو تولد را در نظر بگیریم: نوزاد و مادر، تعجب آور نیست.
با بهبود درک خود از این گذار عمیق، ما همچنین میتوانیم بهتر ارزیابی کنیم که چگونه مادران میتوانند از طریق یکی از فاجعهآمیزترین - و با ارزشترین - تجربیات زندگیشان حمایت شوند: دگردیسی مادر.
این مقاله توسط The Conversation با مجوز Creative Commons بازنشر شده است. مقاله اصلی را بخوانید.
نقل قول: Mother's Metamorphosis: How Motherhood Has Changed in Australia from War World II (2022، 17 ژانویه)، بازیابی شده در 17 ژانویه 2022 از https://phys.org/news/2022-01-maternal-metamorphosis -mothering-australia- جهان html
این برگه یا سند یا نوشته تحت پوشش قانون کپی رایت است. به جز هرگونه معامله منصفانه به منظور تحقیق یا مطالعه خصوصی، هیچ بخشی بدون اجازه کت
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"münzel şeriat" denir. Yani bunlar "doğrudan Allah'ın indirdiği" şeriattır. Bunlar değişmez, kesin ve bağlayıcıdırlar. Bunların inkârı, alaya alınması, faydasız bulunması, çirkin görülmesi insanı dinden çıkarır, kâfir eder.
Bir de, Kur'an ve Sünnetteki hükümlerden kıyas ve içtihat yolu ile İslam âlimlerinin çıkardığı şeriat, yani ilahî kanunlar vardır. Kur'an ve sünnete dayandıkları için bu kanunlara da "müevvel şeriat" denir. Yani, tevil edilmiş, yorumlanmış şeriat demektir. Bu şeriata uymak da vaciptir.
İşte bu "müevvel şeriat" sayesinde müçtehitlerimiz, yani içtihada ehil İslam Hukukçuları, yeni çıkan bütün meseleleri halletmek için, Kur'an-ı Kerîm'in ve Sünnet-i Seniyye'nin naslarından, fıkıh usulü ilminde bildirilen belli kaide ve kurallar göre yeni hüküm, kanun, yasa çıkarırlar. Böylece İslam'da yasama sürekli faaldir. Çağın ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya ve her sorunu çözmeye muktediridir. Dolayısıyla şeriata "çağ dışı" veya "orta çağın karanlığı" veya "donuk, dogma" demek, "insanlığın ihtiyacına cevap veremez" demek, iki kat cahilliktir.
Sonuç itibariyle "Şeriat İslam mıdır?" sorusuna, "evet, Şeriat İslam'dır" denebilir. Öyle ise buna göre şeriata karşı çıkmak, onu alaya almak, aşağılamak, hakaret etmek, ona inandığı ve onu yaşadığı için birisini alaya almak, aşağılamak, hakaret etmek, insanı kesinlikle dinden çıkarır, küfre düşürür. Bunu böyle iman edip kabullenmemek de insanı mürtet eder, yani dinden çıkararak kâfir eder.
|Cemal Nar|
[email protected]
Önceki ve Sonraki Haberlerبه گزارش پایگاه خبری آذرسلام،منصور عالیقدری گفت:در حال حاضر تعیین عرصه و حریم تپه قلعه بوینی واقع در روستای حسن باروق از توابع شهرستان اردبیل باهدف حفاظت و جلوگیری از تخریب در حال انجام است.
وی با بیان اینکه تپه تاریخی قلعه بوینی در دامنه شرقی ارتفاعات سبلان، داخل روستای حسن باروق به فاصله پنج کیلومتری شهر اردبیل قرار گرفته است، افزود: این تپه تاریخی در پانزدهم دی ماه 1387 به شماره 24304 در فهرست آثار ملی ایران به ثبت رسیده است.
این مقام مسئول تپه تاریخی قلعه بوینی را یکی از مهمترین تپه های شهرستان اردبیل عنوان کرد و اظهار داشت: قدمت این محوطه متعلق به عصر مفرغ جدید و آهن یک است و استقرار در درون این محوطه تا دوره هخامنشی و پارتی تداوم داشته است.
به گفته سرپرست معاونت میراث فرهنگی استان؛ عملیات تعیین عرصه و پیشنهاد حریم تپه فوق به سرپرستی فریبرز طهماسبی یکی از کارشناسان باستان شناسی این اداره کل به منظور مشخص کردن محدوده و گستردگی آثار تاریخی از چهاردهم شهریور ماه سال جاری آغاز شده و پیش بینی می شود تا چهاردهم مهرماه سال جاری ادامه یابد.
انتهای پیام/La prima parte dell’articolo è online su https://www.stradeeautostrade.it/strade-e-autostrade/la-nuova-via-della-seta-prima-parte/
La Belt and Road Initiative
Gli aspetti trattati nei paragrafi precedenti hanno trovato sintesi nella definizione del progetto One Belt, One Road (OBOR), che è stato tradotto in italiano in “Una Cintura, una Via”.
One Belt, One Road è il nome ufficiale del progetto, tradotto dal cinese. In Occidente, è più conosciuta la nuova definizione BRI, Belt and Road Initiative, che rappresenta l’evoluzione della OBOR, in quanto è stata coniata quando ormai parlare di una sola via era diventato forviante.
I Media occidentali hanno da subito adottato il nome “Nuova Via della Seta” per presentare il progetto al pubblico, riprendendo la descrizione fatta da Xi Jinping. Questa iniziativa ha un’importanza strategica notevole per lo sviluppo economico cinese ed è anche uno strumento di diplomazia volto a creare una situazione di vantaggio comune in tutta la regione.
La definizione di un progetto di queste dimensioni può essere considerata la prima proposta che vede il Paese porsi alla guida di un nuovo sistema a livello internazionale. Il progetto è stato presentato per la prima volta da Xi Jinping nel 2013 in Kazakistan.
Durante una Conferenza tenuta in un’Università della Capitale, il Presidente ha anche ricordato quali siano le radici che un tempo avevano collegato Xi’an al continente europeo.
Per concretizzare gli obiettivi del Paese, lo strumento migliore, secondo la Cina, è appunto quello di realizzare una cintura economica che ripercorra le tracce della Via della Seta, comprendendo quindi anche l’Europa quale terminale occidentale.
Il territorio in questione ha dimensioni vastissime e una popolazione di tre miliardi di persone. A inizio Ottobre, sempre nel 2013, Xi Jinping ha scelto di presentare la seconda parte del progetto durante un intervento al Parlamento indonesiano.Türk Hava Yolları'nın TK 868 sefer sayısıyla İstanbul'dan Abu Dabi'ye giden yolcu uçağı Dubai'ye zorunlu iniş yaptı.
İstanbul'dan yolcularını alarak sorunsuz bir kalkış gerçekleştiren TC-JIT kuyruk tescilli A330 tipi yolcu uçağı, Abu Dabi'deki hava şartlarının olumsuzluğundan dolayı Dubai'ye yönlendirildi.
Dubai'ye zorunlu iniş yapan uçağın yolcuları otellere yerleştirilirken, seferin daha sonra gerçekleşeceği öğrenildi.在疫情减缓了棉兰老岛的发展之后，棉兰老岛的目标是实现经济复苏。未来几年，棉兰老岛发展局(MinDA)将把重点放在农业和渔业部门——该地区的两大主要产业。
棉兰老岛经济将在未来几年反弹
根据棉兰老岛发展局的说法，它将实施由欧盟资助的农业和水产养殖项目。通过这样做，它还希望解决该地区的贫困问题，提高生产率，推动经济复苏。还预计，通过专注于这些部门，将创造更多的就业机会，生产者将创造更高的收入。
多年来，棉兰老岛的农业和渔业部门证明是有弹性的。它继续保持正增长，而在疫情最严重的时候，其他行业遭受了巨大的损失。
棉兰老岛的农业和渔业部门所处的行业能够满足人民的基本需求，因此能够克服内部和外部冲击。无论灾难、灾难、冲突或流行病如何，这些部门都可以更快地恢复，因为粮食对生存至关重要。
对投资者来说是一个积极的迹象
随着棉兰老岛的反弹，制造商和投资者也将处于胜局。棉兰老岛提供了超过该国40%的食品需求. 它对全国食品贸易的贡献率也超过30%。该地区对农产品和渔业产品的巨大需求也将为它们提供机会。
Elixir支持棉兰老岛的制造商和企业
beplay体育下载二维码Elixir Industrial Equipment，Inc.是一家值得信赖的世界级制造设备供应商，能够满足菲律宾企业的需求，包括棉兰老岛食品行业的需求。我们提供、安装和服务范围广泛的设备，这些设备来自值得信赖的品牌，包括用于罐装的设备，食品加工检查,bepaly下载app 和产品编码. 在我们的帮助下，我们可以帮助您提供高品质的农产品和渔业产品，如新鲜农产品、乳制品、冷冻食品、饮料等。
如果您是棉兰老岛的投资者，并且想了解更多关于我们工业设备的信息，您可以参观我们在宿务曼道市的分公司或通过以下电话联系我们：（02）84418116，（02）771921344KENYA: PRESIDENZIALI ANNULLATE
(1° Settembre 2017)
NAIROBI. Con un verdetto a sorpresa la Corte Suprema del Kenya ha annullato l’esito delle elezioni presidenziali
dell’8 Agosto scorso, disponendo che entro sessanta giorni abbia luogo un’altra consultazione.
Tutto da rifare, quindi, con l’aggiunta di pesanti accuse di brogli nei confronti della Commissione Elettorale che
avrebbe dovuto sovrintendere allo scrutinio senza favorir nessuno.
*** .
Il verdetto. Comunicando le decisioni della Corte, il Chief Justice David Maraga ha dichiarato che lo scrutinio
dell’8 Agosto scorso non si è svolto «in conformità con quanto disposto dalla Costituzione, perciò è stato
dichiarato «non valido, nullo e privo d’effetto.»
La corte non attribuisce alcuna responsabilità al partito del Presidente della Repubblica Uhuru Kenyatta: ma
rivolge pesanti accuse alla Commissione Elettorale: trasformazione di schede bianche in voti per il Presidente,
creazione di sezioni elettorali inesistenti e così via.
I togati non sono entrati in dettagli ulteriori, ma entro tre settimane pubblicheranno un rapporto completo.
L’alto magistrato ha precisato che su sei membri della Corte suprema, quattro hanno votato a favore del verdetto e
due a sfavore: i contrari hanno messo a verbale che la coalizione di opposizione, NASA, non ha prodotto prove che
dimostrino che il risultato delle elezioni è frutto di manipolazioni.
«L’annuncio – riferisce BBC Africa – è stato accolto da aclamazioni di sostenitori dell’opposizione sia dentro che
fuori l’aula della Corte.»
***
Le reazioni. I principali protagonisti di questa dura contesa elettorale hanno reagito in modo diametralmente
opposto alla sentenza della Corte.
Raila Odinga, 72 anni, leader di NASA e candidato apparentemente sconfitto un mese fa, ha dichiarato che la
sentenza emessa dalla Corte Suprema ha valore storico sia per il Kenya che per l’intero continente africano.
«E’ ora chiaro – ha aggiunto – che l’intera Commissione Elettorale è corrotta ed è chiaro che i veri risultati
elettorali non sono mai stati resi noti: qualcuno si deve assumer la responsabilità di ciò che è avvenuto. Noi
abbiamo vinto le elezioni e le vinceremo nuovamente!».
Il Presidente Uhuru Kenyatta, 55 anni, leader del Jubilee Party, in un discorso televisivo, dal canto suo, si è
dichiarato in disaccordo col verdetto della corte, malgrado ciò ne ha preso atto e lo rispetterà.
Tuttavia, ha maliziosamente rilevato che sei giudici hanno invalidato una consultazione a cui hanno partecipato
milioni di kenyani che si sono messi in fila per ore per votare ed hanno compiuto liberamente la loro scelta.
Come dire: è possibile che sei persone possano avere la meglio su 20 milioni di votanti?
Invitando poi tutti alla calma, ha aggiunto: «Il vostro vicino sarà sempre il vostro vicino, indipendentemente da
ciò che è accaduto… Il mio primo messaggio oggi ad ogni singolo kenyano è “pace”! Continuiamo ad essere un popolo
di pace!»
Ha concluso che naturalmente si ripresenterà alle prossime elezioni col medesimo programma.
***
Le elezioni. L’8 Agosto scorso, circa 20 milioni di elettori furono convocati alle urne per eleggere il Presidente
ed il vice Presidente della Repubblica, i due rami del Parlamento e le autorità locali.
All’indomani dello scrutinio, che secondo diversi osservatori internazionali si era svolto correttamente, Kenyatta
risultò vincitore col 54,3% contro il 44,7% attribuito a Raila Odinga. Il divario tra i due candidati principali fu
complessivamente di 1,4 milioni di preferenze.
Odinga, commentando l’andamento dello spoglio, protrattosi per diversi giorni, parlò subito di gravi irregolarità:
secondo lui degli hackers erano penetrati nel sistema di calcolo elettronico dei voti, alterando l’esito della
consultazione.
Gli osservatori internazionali che avevano supervisionato sia le operazioni di voto sia lo scrutinio, sostennero
invece che non c’erano prove di manomissione di schede.
Nei giorni successivi, scontri tra sostenitori dei due pretendenti si verificarono in diverse regioni del Paese,
soprattutto in aree tradizionalmente favorevoli ad Odinga, provocando la morte di 24 persone ed il ferimento d’una
cinquantina, secondo bilanci ufficiali.
(i partigiani di Odinga parlarono di oltre cento vittime, ma nessuna fonte indipendente è mai riuscita a verificare
la notizia).
***
Il Kenya. Divenuto indipendente dalla Gran Bretagna nel 1963 al termine d’una complessa decolonizzazione, il Kenya
ha svolto sempre un ruolo di primo piano nello scacchiere africano.
Sul piano interno, dopo un lungo periodo di dominio del partito unico KANU , si è aperto al multipartitismo. Questo
però ha inevitabilmente fatto riemergere i contrasti storici tra le diverse etnie che compongono il mosaico
nazionale, anche perché l’appartenenza politica a questo o a quel partito non può prescindere dall’etnia di
provenienza. I Kikuyu votano invariabilmente per un membro del loro gruppo, i Luo sostengono un Luo e così via.
Ecco perché ad ogni elezione la tensione cresce e può sfociare in gravi disordini e spargimenti di sangue.
Sul piano religioso, convivono cristiani di varie confessioni e musulmani, nonché comunità di indù ed altri credi
tradizionali: fin ad ora questo pluralismo delle fedi non ha prodotto contrasti, ma la vicinanza con la Somalia,
dove da decenni si combatte un’interminabile guerra civile, ha favorito le infiltrazioni di militanti di
al-Shabaab, un movimento jihadista che nel vicino Paese si batte per la proclamazione d’uno Stato islamico, nel
territorio kenyano.
Al-shabaab si è già reso responsabile di diversi attentati: il 21 settembre 2013 fu attaccato il Nakumatt
Westgate, un centro commerciale di lusso di Nairobi, 39 morti ed il 2 aprile 2015 fu aggredito il campus di Garissa
dove morirono 148 studenti, prevalentemente cristiani.
Questi precedenti fanno comprendere come sia importante che il Kenya non precipiti in una nuova guerra civile, come
quella combattutasi nell’inverno 2007-2008 tra etnie rivali all’indomani d’una contestata elezione presidenziale
contrassegnata come questa da brogli e soprusi.
Per questo, prima del voto dell’8 Agosto, si sprecarono gli appelli alla calma: intervenne anche l’ex Presidente
degli Stati Uniti Barack Obama.
Ancora oggi, temendo un riaccendersi delle ostilità, Kenyatta ripete ossessivamente il suo mantra: non prendete le
armi contro il vostro vicino quale che sia il partito che ha votato.
PIER LUIGI GIACOMONIFigure 4. Video photograph from Sørmannsneset at the Norwegian continental break, 220 m depth (16 May 1998), showing a barren landscape with crushed remains of Lophelia skeleton spread over the area. This is a region subject to considerable bottom trawling. A track can be seen stretching from bottom-left to up-right of the photograph, indicating the path of a trawl.
damaged coral reef areas varies between 5% (R4) and 52% (R3) (Table 3). There is a connection between the size of the coral areas, the number of reporting fishermen in all regions and the extent of the damage, i.e., the more reports from fishermen, the more corals in the region and higher the percentage of damaged corals (Tables 1 and 3).
We have relied heavily on fishermen reports, as they were the only source of information on the largest coral areas. It is thus crucial that the fishermen distin- guish between Lophelia, which they call ‘glass corals’ or ‘white corals’ and other corals such as gorgonians, which they report as ‘red forest’ and ‘bushes’. The chances of confusion between Lophelia, Madrepora and stylasterid hydrozoans was considered minimal as Madrepora and stylasterids don’t build reefs and are by far not as abundant as Lophelia (Dons, 1944; Frederiksen et al., 1992; Mortensen et al., 1995). All ROV-inspections confirmed that the localities pointed out contained Lophelia corals, intact or damaged. We
therefore conclude that fisherman’s reports are a reli- able source of information and also have been of great value for the estimation of coral areas.
The estimation of the size of intact and damaged areas are based on points, lines (stretches) and areas as reported by fishermen. The estimation of areas from lines between co-ordinates were based on an assumed range of width of the trawl ground, and introduced thus, an uncertainty. However, as the number of re- ported stretches comprised a small fraction compared to the number of points and areas, the total estimates exhibited a moderate range (Table 3) and do not affect the main conclusions. Since the methodology used for the estimation of total coral area and damaged area is the same, the estimates are comparable, i.e., the bias is systematic.
Distribution of corals
In general the corals occur on substrate of morainic origin (Hovland & Mortensen, 1999; Mortensen, 2000) and the largest densities are found along the continental break and edges of trenches crossing the shelf. Very few records are from levelled parts of the shelf.ماجراجوی 65 ساله روس رکورد جدیدی در سفر به دور دنیا با بالون را به نام خود ثبت کرد.
به گزارش باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان به نقل از شبکه بیبی
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موثر هستند:
- وزن مناسب: توجه داشته باشید فشارخون معمولا با افزایش وزن، افزایش پیدا می کند. کاهش وزن از موثرترین شیوه ها برای کاهش فشارخون می باشد.
- فعالیت بدنی مناسب: ورزش روزانه، فعالیتی مفید برای کاهش فشارخون می باشد. روزانه 30 دقیقه ورزش باعث می شود فشارخون 5 تا 8 میلی متر کاهش پیدا کند.
- رژیم غذایی سالم: استفاده کمتر از غذاهای پر چرب و حاوی مقدار زیادی سدیم در پیشگیری و کنترل فشارخون بالا بسیار اهمیت دارند. مصرف روزانه میوه و سبزیجات در کاهش فشار خون بسیار موثر است.
- اندازه گیری منظم فشارخون در خانه: یکی از روش های موثر در کنترل فشارخون اندازه گیری منظم فشارخون می باشد زیرا فشار خون معمولا بدون علائم می باشد و اندازه گیری آن به ما کمک می کند که از داشتن این بیماری مطلع باشیم.
- دوری از استرس
- داشتن خواب کافی
- ترک سیگار
درمان فشار خون بالا در منزل
اگر فشار خون بالا درمان نشود مشکلاتی همچون سکته قلبی، سکته مغزی و نارسایی کلیه ها را به دنبال دارد به همین دلیل باید اقداماتی را برای درمان این بیماری درپیش گرفت. در ادامه با برخی از این اقدامات آشنا می شویم:
- کاهش مصرف نمک و سدیم:
تحقیقات انجام شده نشان می دهد که مصرف بی رویه نمک و سدیم باعث افزایش فشارخون می شود. مصرف غذاهای فراوری شده و پر نمک را کاهش دهید و سبزیجات و غذاهای تازه را جایگزین آنها کنید تا فشارخون کاهش پیدا کند.
- کاهش مصرف کافئین:
کافئین در قهوه و چای های کافئین دار ضربان قلب را زیاد کرده و باعث افزایش فشار خون شده و افرادی که مصرف کافئین بالایی دارند بیشتر در معرض حمله های قلبی می باشند. برای مدتی مصرف کافئین را قطع کنید و وضعیت را مشاهده کنید.
- مصرف غذاهای پتاسیم دار:
پتاسیم یک ماده معدنی مهم در بدن است که غلظت سدیم در بدن را کاهش داده و فشارخون را متعادل نگه می دارد. غذاهایی که سرشار از سدیم هستند مانند:
- سبزیجات برگ دار، گوجه فرنگی، سیب زمینی
- میوه هایی از جمله خربزه، موز، پرتقال و زردآلو
- آجیل، حبوبات
- ماهی تن و ماهی آزاد
- لبنیات مثل شیر و ماست
- خوردن شکلات تلخ یا کاکائو:
شکلات تلخ یا کاکائو دارای مقدار زیادی از فلاونوئیدها هستند که این ماده باعث گشاد شدن رگ های خونی شده و فشار از روی رگ ها برداشته شده و فشارخون کاهش پیدا می کند.بهتر است از پودر کاکائو غیر قلیایی استفاده کنید زیرت فلاونوئیدها در آنها زیاد است.
- مصرف مکمل های طبیعی و گیاهی:
بعضی از مکمل های طبیعی به کاهش فشارخون کمک می کنند. درمان گیاهی فشارخون بالا طرفدار زیادی دارد. دمنوش های گیاهی و عرقیجات گیاهی در پایین آوردن فشار خون بسیار موثر هستند. برخی از این مکمل ها شامل:
- عصاره سیر
- آب پنیر
- روغن ماهی
- گیاه بربرین
- مصرف انواع توت:
توت ها دارای مقدار زیادی پلی فنول هستندکه این ماده تاثیر بسیاری در کاهش فشارخون و جلوگیری از حمله قلبی دارد . پیشنهاد می شود توت خشک شده را جایگزین قند و شیرینی جات کنید.
- خودداری از مصرف دخانیات:
مصرف دخانیات از جمله سیگار تاثیر زیادی بر روی افزایش فشارخون دارد. برای افرادی که در معرض دود سیگار هستند خطر ابتلا به فشارخون بالا نیز وجود دارد.
در هنگام سیگار کشیدن، دود آن وارد رگ های خونی شما شده و باعث گرفتگی عروق می شود در نتیجه فشارخون شما افرایش پیدا می کند.
از طرفی سیگار و دخانیات دارای کربن مونوکسید می باشند که گازی سمی است و باعث پایین آمدن اکسیژن خون شده و در نهایت فشارخون شما را بالا می برد.
کاهش سریع فشارخون بالا در منزل
افزایش فشارخون بیش از حد و اورژانسی اغلب به طور ناگهانی اتفاق می افتد و اگر به سرعت اقدام به درمان آن نشود احتمال بروز بیماری های قلبی و سکته وجود دارد.
اگر خود یا فردی از اطرافیانتان دچار فشارخون اورژانسی شود می توانید از روش های ساده و بدون دسترسی به دارو به سرعت فشارخون را کاهش دهید:
- فشار بین دو انگشت شست و سبابه به مدت 2 دقیقه
- خوردن مقداری آبلیمو و ترشیجات
- خوردن یک لیوان آب کرفس تازه
- ماساژ پشت ساق پاها به مدت 15 دقیقه
- استفاده از سنای مکی یا چیزی که باعث اسهال شود
درمان فشارخون بالا با طب سنتی
داروهای جدید برای درمان فشارخون ممکن است عوارض جانبی مانند خستگی، تهوع، افسردگی را برای فرد به همراه داشته باشد به همین دلیل بیشتر افراد به دنبال روش های طبیعی تر با کمک طب سنتی برای درمان فشارخون هستند.
در طب ستنی استفاده از گیاهان دارویی توصیه می شود مانند :
- درمان فشارخون بالا با سیر:
مصرف سیرخام تاثیر زیادی بر کاهش فشارخون دارد. سیر حاوی ماده ی پلی سولفید می باشد که باعث گشاد شدن عروق خونی می گردد و به همین علت به کاهش فشارخون کمک می کند.
- درمان فشارخون بالا با آبلیمو:
آبلیمو از جمله مواد غذایی می باشد که به عنوان قاتل فشار خون شناخته شده است. آبلیمو به دلیل داشتن مزه ترش، اسیدسیتریک و همچنین وجود املاح معدنی مانند سدیم، پتاسیم و منیزیم در آن به کاهش فشارخون کمک ریادی می کند.
- درمان فشارخون بالا با کرفس:
کرفس با تاثیر بر عملکرد کبد بر روی کافش فشارخون تاثیر زیادی دارد. در طب سنتی توصیه می شود روزانه سه مرتبه آب کرفس به همراه عسل به مدت یک هفته مصرف شود.
- درمان فشارخون بالا با چای سبز:
تحقیقات نشان داده مصرف نیم تا 2 و نیم فنجان چای سبز در روز احتمال ابتلا به فشار خون را تا 46 درصد کاهش می دهد.
- درمان فشار بالا با سیاه دانه:
مصرف روزانه دم نوش این دانه معجزه آسا باعث کاهش کلسترول شده و اثر قابل توجهی بر روی کاهش وزن و کاهش فشارخون دارد .
- درمان فشارخون با انار:
مصرف آب انار تازه دارای اثر کاهندگی فشارخون می باشد.نوشیدن 50 میلی لیتر روزانه آب انار به مدت یکسال فشارخون را کاهش می دهد.
درمان فشارخون با دارو
داروهایی که پزشک برای کاهش فشارخون توصیه می کند باعث می شوند که :
- میزان آب و نمک در بدن کاهش پیدا کند.
- رگ های خونی شل شوند.
- ضربان قلب کاهش پیدا کند.
در ادامه با برخی از داروهایی که اغلب برای کاهش فشار خون تجویز می شوند اشنا می شویم:
- لیزینوپریل (Lisinopril):
این نوع دارو به عنوان مسدود کننده آنزیم های تبدیل کننده آنژیوتنسین، به شل شدن عروق خونی کمک می کند. معمولا یک بار در روز مصرف می شود. این دارو برای بزرگسالان و کودکان بزرگتر از 6 سال تجویز می شود. طبق دستور پزشک به طور معمول یک مرتبه در روز همراه با غذا و بدون آب مصرف می شود.
- اسبوتولول(Acebutolol):
این نوع دارو به عنوان مسدود کننده بتا حجم کار قلب را کاهش داده و عروق خونی را بازتر می کند. تجویز داروهای مسدود کننده بتا به تنهایی به خوبی عمل نمی کنند و باید به همراه داروهای دیگر کاهش فشارخون تحویز شود.این دارو پس از 1 الی 2 ساعت اثر کرده و مدت زمان تاثیر آن 12 تا 24 ساعت می باشد.
- آملودیپین(Amlodipine):
این دارو به عنوان مسدود کننده کانال سدیم باعث شل شدن عضلات عروق خونی می شود. معمولا یک بار در روز مصرف شده و بهتر است با معده خالی مصرف شود.
- لوزارتان(Losartan):
این نوع دارو به عنوان مسدود کننده گیرنده آنژیوتانسین II باعث شل کردن عروق خونی می شود. طبق دستور پزشک معمولا یک بار در روز همراه غذا یا بدون آن مصرف شود.
- هیدروکلروتیازید(Hydrochlorothiazide):
این دارو به عنوان دیورتیک های تیازید بر روی عملکرد کلیه تاثیر گذاشته و سدیم و آب را دفع می کند در نتیجه حجم خون کاهش پیدا می کند. طبق دستورپزشک معمولا صبح ها همراه یا بدون غذا این دارو مصرف می شود.
مراجعه به پزشک برای درمان فشارخون
برای چک کردن اولیه فشارخون و تشخیص علت فشارخون بالای خود می توانید به پزشک داخلی مراجعه کنید. پزشک داخلی تشخیص می دهد که علت فشارخون بالا به دلیل مشکلات قلبی عروقی و یا مشکلات کلیوی می باشد.
سخن آخر
همانطور که گفته شد فشارخون بالا، اغلب بدون علایم است. بهترین راه برای پیشگیری و در امان ماندن از این بیماری سبک زندگی سالم می باشد، تغییر شیوه زندگی برای کاهش فشارخون بیشتر از درمان دارویی توصیه می شود.
اگر دچار فشارخون بالا هستید حتما آن را جدی بگیرید و تحت نظر پزشک باشید تا از عوارض جدی و خطرناک آن دور باشید.
آیا از این مقاله راضی بودید؟
نظراتتون رو برامون بنویسید.- نشان دهنده تبادل ارزش های بشری در یک بازه زمانی در یک منطقه فرهنگی از لحاظ پیشرفت در معماری یا فناوری، برنامه ریزی شهری یا طراحی چشم انداز است.
- گواهی بی همتا یا دست کم استثنایی بر یک سنت فرهنگی یا تمدن زنده یا از میان رفته می باشد.
- نمونه ای برجسته در معماری یا تکنولوژی است که مرحله ی مهمی از تاریخ بشر را نشان می دهد.
نام کلیسا
نام کلیسا در زبان ارمنی سورپ تادئوسی وانک به لاتین (Surb Tadeosi vank) یعنی کلیسای مقدس تادئوس نام دارد. تادئوس مقدس از حواریون مسیحی بود و برای تبلیغ دین مسیحی به این منطقه آمده بود. در سال ۶۶ بعد از میلاد مسیح تادئوس همراه با دختر پادشاه و چند نفر از افرادی که به دین مسیحیت روی آورده بودند به دستور پادشاه آن زمان کشور ارمنستان اعدام شکنجه شدند و زیر شکنجه کشته شدند. بدن بی جان آن ها را در زیر این محلی که امروز قره کلیسا بر روی آن ساخته شده دفن کردند. برخی معتقد هستند که معنی قره کلیسا، کلیسای سیاه است، ولی باید به این نکته تاریخی توجه داشت که زبان مردم آذربایجان تا قبل از نفوذ زبان ترکی، زبان آذری باستانی بوده است.
تادئوس مقدس
در سال ۴۳ میلادی دو شخص به نام های تاتائوس و بارتقیموس برای ترویج آیین مسیحیت وارد شمال غربی ایران می شوند، در آن زمان اشکانیان در ایران حکومت می کردند و بسیاری از مردم زرتشتی بودند و بسیاری نیز به آیین مهر روی آورده بودند. پس از دعوت شاگردان مسیح به این آیین در ایران سه هزار و پانصد نفر مسیحیت را می پذیرند که از جمله آنان سانتروک یا سنادوک پادشاه ارمنیان به همراه دخترش ساندوخت بودند، پس از مدتی کوتاه، پادشاه از ایمان به مسیح روی گردان می شود و دستور می دهد که تمام افرادی که به این دین روی آورده اند را بکشند و حتی ساندوک دخترش را نیز در این راستا از دم تیغ می گذراند.
ساخت کلیسا
یکی از مورخان نامی ارمنی روایت کرده است که این کلیسا در اوایل دوران مسیحیت ساخته شد. گمان می رود که ساخت بنای اولیه در قرن چهام میلادی صورت گرفته باشد پس از این که در زمان پادشاهی تیرداد پادشاه اشکانی، در کشور ارمنستان دین مسیحیت به رسمیت شناخته شد از جزییات معماری این کلیسا، که به دست گریگور لوساوریچ ساخته شده بود اطلاعاتی موجود نیست. در طول دوران مختلف به علت جنگ های بسیاری که در منطقه درگرفت کلیسا دچار آسیب های زیادی شده که اصلی ترین آن ها پس از حمله چنگیز مغول در سال ۱۲۳۰میلادی بود که موجب شد بیشتر قسمت های کلیسا تخریب بشود ولی بعدها در زمان فرمانروایی هلاکو خان، کلیسا توسط خواجه نصیرالدین توسی مجددا ساخته شد.
در قرن۱۴ میلادی زلزله ای ویرانگر موجب از بین رفتن ساختمان قره کلیسا می شود و بنای موجود توسط اسقف زاکاریا و دو تن از برادران او به نام های پطروس و سرکیس طی ۱۰ سال مرمت و بازسازی شد و در سال ۱۴۰۱ میلادی بار دیگر درهای کلیسا به روی زائرین گشوده شد. همچنین کلیسا در سال ۱۶۹۱ میلادی با سنگهای سیاه و در سال ۱۸۱۰ میلادی به دستور سیمون بزنونی اسقف ماکو با سنگ های سفید بازسازی گردید.
مراسم ارامنه
گردهمایی هر سال ۳ روز مصادف با سالروز مرگ تادئوس مقدس برگزار میشود. این مراسم علاوه بر جلوههای مذهبی خود روایتی اجتماعی نیز به همراه دارد. بسیاری از ارامنه ارتودوکس آذربایجان، تهران، اصفهان،تبریز و سایر نقاط ایران و جهان که بعضاً پیروان سایر مذاهب مسیحیت چون آشوریها هستند نیز در این مراسم شرکت میکنند و با برپا داشتن جشن و سرور، کودکان خود را غسل تعمید میدهند.
中评社北京2月17日电（记者 张爽）位于北京市阜成门的鲁迅故居，至今仍保留着1924年大文学家鲁迅及家人在此处生活时的原貌。
|园内的两棵白丁香树（中评社 张爽摄）|
北京鲁迅故居是一座小四合院，有前院、后院，南北房各三间，东西房各一间。鲁迅曾在《秋夜》一文中写“在我的后园，可以看见墙外有两株树，一株是枣树，还有一株也是枣树。”走进鲁迅故居，游人首先看到的便是院中两棵一模一样的白丁香树。这两棵树是鲁迅在1925年4月5日亲手种下的，历经百年光阴。人间变幻，世事沧桑，屋主音容早已远去，但这两棵树的树干愈发粗壮，枝丫横蔓，充满了生机，守护着这座小小的院落，迎接着络绎不绝的文学朝圣者。
四合院的北屋是主人卧室，南屋是会客室。其中鲁迅先生居住的是北屋中央向北凸出的一间卧室，游客可以通过玻璃看到室内陈设，仅有一张床、一张书桌、一个柜子，桌上有闹钟、煤油灯、茶杯等，面积很小，仅可一人坐卧转身。
鲁迅的母亲及原配夫人朱安分别住在北屋的东西两间房。
鲁迅先生及其弟弟周作人都曾任北京大学教授，据说当时大学教授的月薪为200银元，而一座四合院的价格也是200银元。鲁迅及家人当时在北京生活的经济条件较为宽裕，但从室内陈设可以看出，一家人仍然保持了朴素的生活习惯。محمد باقر نوبخت رئیس سازمان برنامه و بودجه کشور پنجشنبه ۳۰ دی به استان کردستان سفر کرد و از اجرای پروژه راه آهن در مسیر شهرهای همدان – قروه – دهگلان و سنندج بازدید و در جلسه شورای برنامه ریزی کردستان، شرکت کرد. راه آهن تهران – همدان- سنندج یک خطه و به طول ۴۱۸ […]
محمد باقر نوبخت رئیس سازمان برنامه و بودجه کشور پنجشنبه ۳۰ دی به استان کردستان سفر کرد و از اجرای پروژه راه آهن در مسیر شهرهای همدان – قروه – دهگلان و سنندج بازدید و در جلسه شورای برنامه ریزی کردستان، شرکت کرد.
راه آهن تهران – همدان- سنندج یک خطه و به طول ۴۱۸ کیلومتر است که در سال ۸۴ مطالعات آن انجام و عملیات اجرایی آن نیز در هشت قطعه از سال ۸۵ شروع شد.
این راه آهن با هدف ایجاد کوتاه ترین مسیر ریلی بین تهران – همدان – سنندج، اتصال به راه آهن سمنگان، کرمانشاه و در ادامه تا مرز خسروی و اتصال به راه آهن کشورهای همسایه احداث می شود که با تکمیل آن، کریدور ریلی شرقی – غربی کشور برقرار و امکان حمل و تزانزیت بار و مسافر فراهم خواهد شد.
محمد باقر نوبخت در جلسه شورای برنامه ریزی و توسعه کردستان از عزم دولت برای تسریع در تکمیل پروژه راه آهن ۱۵۰ کیلومتری همدان به سنندج خبر داد و گفت: این مسیر در سه قطعه به سه پیمانکار واگذار شده است که قطعه اول آن با ۷۰ درصد پیشرفت فیزیکی در دست اجرا است.
وی با بیان اینکه متاسفانه بنا به دلایلی پیمانکار قطعه دوم برکنار و به زودی پیمانکار جدید آن معرفی خواهد شد ادامه داد: در قطعه سوم زیرسازی های لازم به اتمام رسیده و این بخش آماده ریل گذاری است.
نوبخت با بیان اینکه در بودجه سال آینده دولت هزار میلیارد تومان اعتبار برای توسعه زیرساخت های ریلی کشور در نظر گرفته شده است گفت: تلاش خواهیم کرد اعتبارات قابل توجهی برای تسریع در ساخت راه آهن همدان به سنندج به پروژه تزریق کنیم.
وی به ضرورت سفر دوباره به کردستان طی دو ماه آینده برای بررسی پیشرفت پروژه اشاره کرد و اظهار داشت: با تمهیدات در نظر گرفته شده مقرر شده است که کار ریل گذاری همزمان با همدان از سنندج نیز آغاز شود.
نوبخت عنوان کرد: اعتبار خوبی برای توسعه استان در بودجه سال جاری در نظر گرفته شده است که در آن ۹۴ پروژه برای توسعه استان وجود دارد.
وی دیگر فرصت های پیش رو برای تعالی و آبادانی استان کردستان را در بودجه سال ۹۶ و برنامه ششم توسعه دانست و اضافه کرد: با توجه به تمامی محدودیت های اعتباری کشور استان کردستان
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Filozof Steven Vogel, Antroposen için, doğası olmayan bir çevre felsefesi benimseyen tek başına biri olduğunu dile getirir: Çevre, tamamıyla insanın sosyal faaliyetleri için ve dolayısıyla kolektif sorumluluk taşıdığımız bir şey tarafından inşa edilmiştir. [2]
Şaşırtıcıdır ki bu fikrin kaynağı, “Yeni Dünya’nın” yerli sakinleridir. Yirmi yıldan uzun bir süre önce, çevre tarihçisi William Cronon, çevrecilikten anlaşılan vahşi doğa idealizminin maskesini neyse ki kaldırdı. [3]
Kuzey Amerika kıtasındaki manzaralar, yıllarca Amerikan Yerlilerince muhafaza edildi, topraklar böyle yönetildi, Avrupalı sömürgeciler, bu geniş bozulmamış doğallığı yanlış anladıkları bir doğa dünyasına benzettiler.
Vogel’in görüşüne göre, içinde yaşadığımız dünya, inşa ettiğimiz şeydir ve tek de olabilir. “Doğanın sonu,” “yeni olay değil, her zaman meydana gelen bir şeydi: insanlar her zaman yaşadıkları dünyayı dönüştürdüler.” Dünyada var olmak ve yaşamak her zaman insanları dünyanın değişimine dâhil eder. İnsan eylemlerinden etkilenmeyen bir dünyayı koruyabilecek yine insan eylemli bir olasılık yoktur. Dolayısıyla, eğer çevre felsefesi insanların çevre ile nasıl ilişki kurması gerektiğiyle ilgiliyse o zaman “bozulmamış doğa” nosyonunun yararı anlaşılır olmaz.
Vogel doğanın bir dünya olduğunu inkâr mı ediyor? Doğa bilimlerindeki her şeyi inkâr etmek mi bu? Hayır, onun görüşü, sosyal yapılandırmacı anti-realist bir versiyon değil. Birisi “doğa” kavramının sosyal bir ürün olduğuna dikkat çekmek istediğinde, geleneksel çevreciler hızlı bir getirisi olmadığını söyler. Ve eğer “doğa” sadece insansızlık olarak anlaşılıyorsa o zaman “doğanın sosyal inşası” söylemi hiçbir anlam ifade etmez. Vogel aynı fikirde. Ancak, çevrenin sosyal yapısı tutarlı olmaya devam etmektedir. Onun görüşü, doğa kavramının sosyal inşası değil ki elbette, ama, daha önceden de olduğu gibi, işgal edebileceğimiz tek ortamın tam olarak “sosyal inşanın ürününün” inşasını yaptığımız şey olduğudur. Vogel, “dünya kendimizi bulduğumuz şey değil; inşa etmeye çalıştığımız şeydir…aynı zamanda bizi oluşturan şeydir,” diye yazar. Onun önerisi olan “doğayı korumak” denen olgu hem nedensel (vis-a-vis) hem de ahlaki anlamda, kolektif olarak sorumlu olduğumuz çevreyi etik bir kaygıyla değiştirmektir.
Doğa kavramı olmayan bir çevre felsefesi, yine de, bazıları için fazla insan odaklı olarak anlaşılabilir. Daha fazla dikkat gerektiren şey aslında dünyanın geri kalan kısmıdır. Böyle bir görüş, karanlık bir çevre geleceğiyle yüzleşme cesareti değildir, daha ziyade, daha fazla kibirle yüzleşme cesaretidir. İnsansız bir doğa yerine, çevreye odaklanan bir felsefe asıl kibir değildir ama kapsayıcıdır. İnsanlık, etki alanını yaratan tek vasıta değildir, bu etki iki yönlü bir caddedir, ve insansız bir dünya geriye gider.
Ekolojideki son gelişmelerin desteği mümkün, ekolojistler bir tür rahatsız edici bu insan etkisinden sonra, ekosistemlerin bir çoğunun istikrarlı ve esnek biçimde geri döndüğünü gördü, ancak tarihi ekolojik kayıtlar, analogsuz kompozisyonlar ve bazen de işlevsel profillerle bunu keşfetti. Şimdiki sözde yeni ekosistemler “yeni” bir doğayı temsil ediyor ve vahşi bir dünyanın güçlerini, önemli insan müdahalesiyle ortaya çıkan yepyeni topluluklara geri döndürerek örneklendiriyorlar.[4]
Örneğin, Hawaii’deki yağmur ormanlarında egzotik tür (bazal alanın yaklaşık %90’ı) hakim ancak araştırmalar, bu “yeni ormanların önemli ölçüde daha yüksek ağaç türü zenginliğine ve baskın ağaç türlerinin daha fazla çeşitliliğine sahip olduğunu gösteriyor. Ayrıca, yerüstü biyo-kütlesi, üretkenlik, besin devir hızı ve yer altı karbon depolamasının ya doğal ormanlara göre yeni olarak önemli ölçüde farklılık göstermediğini ya da önemli ölçüde daha yüksek olduğunu bulduk”. Bu örnekte, insan etkisi nedeniyle “bozulmuş” olarak tarihsel koşullardan önemli ölçüde farklılık gösteren ekosistemlerin varsayılan bir değerlendirmesi, her zaman ekolojik bilim tarafından sürdürülebileceğinden daha fazla ideoloji ve belki de antika bir özlem tarafından yönlendirilir. Araştırmacılar, “Dünya yüzeyinin büyük bölümleri doğaldan yeniye benzer geçişler içerdiğinden, büyük olasılıkla sonuçlarımız geniş çapta uygulanabilir” şeklinde belirtiyorlar.[5]
Yeni ekolojik dünya düzeninin tam bir resmini vermeden- gelecekteki çevreciler tarafından tahayyül edilen çevre- yeni ekosistemlerin ortaya çıkması, “doğal” dünya iyiliğinin her zaman mevcut kapasitelerimizden daha fazla olduğu konusunda radikal bir umuda sahip olmayı öğütler. Ve doğal iyiliği barındıran radikal umut, her şeyle birlikte insanlık Antroposen’deki yaşamda belirsiz bir geleceğe derinden derine sürüklenmeye devam ederken ihtiyaç duyacağımız cesaretin bir kısmını sağlayabilir.
(1) Apsaloke ya da Apsaroka veya Crow, bir çeşit Kızılderili halkıdır. (ç.n.)
(2) Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde ABD Kızılderilileri için oluşturulan kısıtlayıcı yasal yerleşim bölgelerine verilen ad (ç.n.)
Notlar:
[1]Lear Jonathan (2008). Radial Hope: Ethics in the Face of Cultural Devastation (Harvard Univ. Press).
[2]Vogel, Steven (2015). Thinking Like a Mall: Environmental Philosophy After the End of Nature (MIT Press).
[3]Cronon, William (1996). “The Trouble with Wilderness: Or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature” in Environmental History 1/1: 7-28.
[4]Hobbs, Richard, Eric Higgs, and Carol Hall (2013). Novel Ecosystems: Intervening in a New World Order (Wiley-Blackwell).
[5]Mascaro, Joseph, R. Flint Hughes, and Stefan A. Schnitzer (2012). “Novel forests maintain ecosystems processes after the decline of native tree species.” Ecological Monographs, 82(2): 221.
©® Düşünbil (2020)
Yazar : Allen Thompson
Çeviren : Duygu Aydemir
Çeviri Editörü : Elif Arslan
Kaynak: iai.tvWhat is Camera Obscura?
Camera Obscura and World of Illusions is Scotland’s oldest purpose-built attraction, wowing visitors since 1853. Located on Edinburgh’s Royal Mile the incredibly unique attraction is spread over five floors in Outlook Tower, a historic 17th century building. It is a place filled with over 100 interactive displays showcasing trippy holograms, a mirror maze, and a spinning vortex tunnel. But there is also a rooftop terrace with unmatched views over the Old Town and beyond.
What makes the popular Scottish experience so unique is its appearance. Whilst the conglomeration of mirrors attached to the outside of the building may look silly, they actually work by projecting a live image of the surrounding city onto a large, concave dish located at the top of the building. The image is created by a small hole in the roof that allows light to pass through and project an inverted image onto the dish. Visitors can then view the image through a series of lenses that magnify the view and allow them to see the city in incredible detail.
The History of Camera Obscura
Thomas Short and The Great Telescope
In 1827, Maria Short arrived from the West Indies claiming to be the daughter of the Edinburgh telescope maker, Thomas Short. Since Thomas had died 40 years previously this could not be proven. But after much controversy Maria's claim earned her her inheritance, and Thomas' legacy: The Great Telescope.
The telescope and other items had been displayed on Calton Hill by Thomas, until his death. In an effort to continue his work Maria relocated the telescope to a new area on Calton Hill and opened ‘Short’s Popular Observatory’ there in 1835. Shortly afterwards she created the Camera Obscura, a mind-bending attraction that would thrill its visitors for years to come.
Closure of the Camera Obscura
By 1851 Maria was forced to close the attraction due to pressure from the council, who actually arranged for the building’s demolition. Undeterred however, she relocated to the Royal Mile, and after adding two floors to the 17th century tenement building, reopened the attraction as ‘Short’s Observatory’. The attraction continued to wow the public until Maria’s death in 1869.
A New Beginning as The Outlook Tower
After Maria’s death her husband, Robert Henderson, ran the observatory until the place was purchased by Patrick Geddes in 1892. Geddes was a famous polymath and entrepreneur who saw an opportunity to transform the attraction into a place of education. As an avid town planner he sought to provide residents with more information on the practice, on both a local and global scale.
Under his guidance the observatory was renamed ‘The Outlook Tower’ and carefully re-established as a learning centre. Each floor now expressed different themes related to town planning – from the world as a whole on the ground floor, narrowing down to Edinburgh, as visitors ascended. At the very top the Camera Obscura remained, in all its glory.
Camera Obscura as we know it Today
In 1932 when Geddes died, ‘The Outlook Tower’ faced an uncertain future. It wasn’t until 1977 when David Hayes and his company, Visitor Centres Ltd. took over management that the attraction’s future was secure. Since then the company has endeavoured to continue the work that Short and Geddes began, collaborating with different artists and inventors to provide the wow factor that Maria sparked all those years prior.
What is there to see at Camera Obscura?
Boasting five floors with over 100 mind-bending exhibits, Camera Obscura has something to entertain all ages. The highlights include a series of mind-bending optical illusions that challenge visitors to rethink their perception of the world around them. There are also exhibits on light and colour, which explore the science behind how we see and interpret the world. Other highlights include:
Featured in the unique rooftop chamber, the Camera Obscura Show is unlike anything you’ve ever seen. By projecting a live image internally onto a table in the dark chamber, an image of Edinburgh appears. During the daytime guides are on hand to provide tours of the city’s best landmarks reflected in the image. At nighttime, or in poor weather, a projection show is held, using images gathered during daylight/good weather hours.
Allow Light Fantastic, the biggest gallery at Camera Obscura, to mess with your mind as your eyes are tricked by its brilliant visual effects. From counting how many versions of yourself you can see at the Kaleido Tunnel, or tapping out a tune on the Light Harp, to transforming into multi colours in the Colour Shadow Wall, you are sure to be swept away by the optical illusions and trickery.
Looking for unique photo opportunities to spice up your social media? Or this year’s family photo? Light Fantastic will provide just that! Take a snap next to your twin at the Meet Your Twin exhibit, step into the Ames Room with your family, which can shrink or grow its victims instantly, or watch your severed head get served up for dinner at the Severed Head exhibit.
A visit to the Magic Gallery is an electrifying experience – literally! The Magic Gallery Plasma Tubes and Globes puts the power in the fingertips of the beholder, and you can fill the room with light by connecting the giant Plasma Ball to a light tube on the wall. You may even feel the spark! Walking on water, catching your shadow, swapping noses with your friends, and shaking hands with your ghost are all perfectly normal opportunities in the wonderful Magic Gallery.
Stepping into Bewilderworld will leave you none other than BEWILDERED, by the most popular and fun illusions Camera Obscura has to offer. Get ready to cling to the sides in its highlight exhibit: the spinning, turning, twisting Vortex Tunnel and lose yourself in the seemingly endless jumble of hallways that comprise the magical Mirror Maze. Visitors can also experience the world’s first fluorescent Chaotic Pendulum. A trip to this exhibit will really leave you scrambling for your senses as you move onto the next floor!
Eye Spy Edinburgh
Here is a chance to experience Edinburgh in all its 3D glory, from the 1850s to the present day. There are also old photos depicting what Edinburgh looked like when Camera Obscura first opened. Interactive cameras can be used to zoom in on different areas of the city, Thermal Cameras can detect how hot-headed you are, and the Victorian bendy mirrors will leave you struggling to keep a straight face. Although Eye Spy Edinburgh is not as trippy as the other floors, it certainly has a lot to hold your focus.
Maria Short added two new floors to the historical building when she relocated her father’s telescope in 1952. This motion guaranteed visitors access to incredible views out over the city. Views that are just as impressive today, if not more so, than they were all those years before.
The unbeatable vantage point offers a 360° panorama of Edinburgh’s most famous attractions from Edinburgh Castle to the Firth of Forth. Using the free telescopes dotted along the rooftop terrace, you can zoom in even closer, to other hotspots like the Kingdom of Fife or Arthur’s Seat.
Due to its prime location on the Royal Mile, Camera Obscura is one of the most recognisable attractions in Edinburgh. Its white washed tower proudly adorns postcards in gift shops across the city and a trip to the Scottish capital would be incomplete without stepping through its doors. Whether you are interested in science, history, or just looking for a fun and interactive experience, the Camera Obscura in Edinburgh is well worth a visit! But don't take our word for it, why not go and see it for yourself?
Interested in finding more places like this? Try one of our Scavenger Hunts in Edinburgh - untangle cryptic clues as a team, as you are taken on a journey to the most unique, unusual and bizarre corners of Edinburgh.
Or check out our blog to discover other famous monuments across Edinburgh.استراتژی ادامه دهنده و برگشتی در فارکس
4 استراتژی معاملاتی فارکس
آیا می دانستید که برای داشتن درآمد لازم نیست تا در معاملات فارکس ، از استراتژی پیچیده ای استفاده کنید؟
آیا در تلاشید تا استراتژی مناسب خود را پیدا کنید؟
ما در این مقاله به معرفی چند استراتژی ساده معاملاتی می پردازیم.
4 استراتژی ساده در فارکس:
- استراتژی Moving Average Crossover
- استراتژی اشباع خرید و اشباع فروش RSI حمایت و مقاومت
- استراتژی برگشتی پین بار
اجرای صحیح هریک از این استراتژی های ساده فارکس می تواند راه شما را برای رسیدن به موفقیت هموار کند. باید بدانید که استفاده از استراتژِی های پیشرفته و پیچیده نمی تواند موفقیت شما را 100% تضمین کند.
بیایید به بررسی 4 استراتژی گفته شده در بالا بپردازیم:
استراتژی Moving Average Crossover (میانگین متحرک متقاطع)
میانگین متحرک (moving average) چیست؟
این استراتژی با نام اختصاری MA شناخته می شود و به عنوان اندیکاتوری تکنیکال برای یک پارچه کردن قیمت ها جهت ورود به معاملات استفاده می شود. با یکسان سازی قیمت ها، می توان، قیمت های برهه های زمانی کوتاه را حذف کرد، در این صورت معامله گر فارکس راحت تر و بدون حواس پرتی به بررسی روند حرکت قیمت ها می پردازد.
به زبان ساده، یک میانگین صعودی قیمتی نشان دهنده روندی صعودی است در حالی که میانگینی نزولی ، نشان دهنده روند نزولی بازار است. یک میانگین متحرک ساده (SMA) با جمع کردن تمام قیمت های بسته شده آخرین استراتژی ادامه دهنده و برگشتی در فارکس کندل ها و سپس تقسیم این مقدار به تعداد کندل ها حاصل می شود.
متقاطع یا Crossover چیست؟
این حالت زمانی روی می دهد که دو میانگین متحرک از هم عبور و یکدیگر را قطع کنند. استفاده از میانگین متحرک، به تنهایی می تواند به شناسایی ترند ها کمک کند اما زمانی که از چندین MA در بازه های زمانی مختلف استفاده می کنید، عملکردی موثرتر خواهند داشت. استفاده از این میانگین حرکتی به شما کمک می کند تا بتوانید ترند های کوتاه مدت و بلند مدت را شناسایی کنید و این اطمینان را پیدا کنید که درگیر بررسی های زیاد نمی شوید.
زمانی که یک MA کوتاه مدت از بالای MA بلند مدت عبور کند، نشان دهنده مومنتوم صعودی بازار است، از طرف دیگر، زمانی که MA کوتاه مدت از پایین یک MA بلند مدت عبور کند، مومنتوم بازار نزولی خواهد بود.
چگونه می توان با استراتژی میانگین متحرک متقاطع معاملات فارکس را انجام داد؟
استراتژی:
- 3 میانگین حرکتی را برای نمودار در نظر بگیرید (بازه های زمانی 15، 30 و 100 را برای SMA در نظر بگیرید).
- زمانی که SMA 15 از بالای SMA 30 عبور کند و هر دو آنها بالای SMA 100 باشند، بهتر است پوزیشن خرید را انتخاب کنید.
- زمانی که SMA 15 از زیر SMA 30 عبور کند و هر دو آنها زیر SMA 100 باشند، پوزیشن فروش را انتخاب کنید. خود را زیر SMA 30 قرار دهید و تارگت خود را تا زمان مشاهده تقاطع در نمودار تعیین کنید.
استراتژی اشباع فروش و اشباع خرید RSI
دومین استراتژی ساده ای که به شما یاد می دهیم، استراتژی اشباع فروش و اشباع خرید RSI است. RSI چیست؟
RSI مخفف شاخص مقاومت نسبی است
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- What number is half of 72?
- How do you do half on a calculator?
- What number is half of 30?
What is half of $5?
2.501/2 x 5 = 2.50 You may also find it useful to know that if you multiply 0.50 with 100 you get 50.00..
How do you find half of 3 4?
You can calculate “half” of a fraction by doubling the denominator (bottom number * 2), so half of 3/4 is 3/8 (formula: half of a/b is the same as a/(b*2), for example half of 3/4 equals 3/(4*2) which equals 3/8).
What number is one half of one quarter?
Answer and Explanation: The number 6 is one half of one quarter of one tenth of 480.
What is half of $36?
18Both numbers can be taken as an answer because half of 36 is 18 and half of 18 is 9.
What is a half of a half called?
Take half of half. To divide a number in Half means to divide it into two equal parts. To divide it into Fourths, or quarters, means to divide it into four equal parts. … A quarter is half of a half.
How do you split 15 in half?
Answer and Explanation: Half of 15 is 7.5. Halving a number, x, can be done geometrically by finding the midpoint of a number line segment that goes from 0 to x.
What number is half of 70?
35Answer and Explanation: The half of 70 is 35.
What number is half of 18?
9Half of the 18 will become 9.
What number is one half of 6?
the half of 1/6 is 1/12. Solution: Divide 1/6 by 2 . This is done by multiplying 1/6 by the reciprocal of 2 which is 1/2.
What number is 15% of 100?
Percentage Calculator: What is . 15 percent of 100? = 0.15.
What is half of $39?
19 1/2Half of 39 is 19 1/2. We can also write this as the decimal 19.5.
What is half of $48?
Half of 48 is 1 x 2 x 3 x 4. Half of 48 is 48/2.
What is 1 2 cup divided in half?
Half of ½ cup is equivalent to ¼ cup. Half of ⅔ cup is equivalent to ⅓ cup. Half of ¾ cup is equivalent to 6 tbsp. Half of 1 cup is equivalent to ½ cup.
What is the difference between one half and half?
One-half can be used when there is one item that has been or can be divided into two halves. Half is less specific; however, when you are talking about an indeterminate amount of something (e.g., half a cup of rice) or a group (e.g., half the respondents), half is necessary.
What is a one half page?
Noun. 1. half page – something that covers (the top or bottom) half of a page. page – one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains.
What number is half of 72?
36Half of 72 is 36.
How do you do half on a calculator?
To calculate half a percent on a calculator, you multiply the whole value by 0.5 followed by the % button. If your calculator doesn’t have a percentage button, you multiply the whole value by 0.005, which is the numerical value of half a percent.
What number is half of 30?
15Half of 30 is 15. Whenever you want to find out half of a number, you have to divide by 2. When solving this problem, 30 divided by 2 equals 15.2022年卡塔尔世界杯预选赛已经进入最后冲刺阶段。
当地时间3月29日，世预赛亚洲区、欧洲区、南美区和非洲区将同时进行最后一轮比赛。
届时，除了两个大陆名额和一个欧洲附加赛名额因延误无法确定外，世界杯29个参赛席位将全部确定。
截至北京时间3月26日，本届世界杯32个参赛席位中的19个已经落户。
除了德国、丹麦、法国、比利时、克罗地亚、西班牙、塞尔维亚、英国、瑞士、荷兰等10支国家队已经获得欧洲资格外，卡塔尔（东道主）、伊朗、韩国、日本5支球队，和沙特阿拉伯队在亚洲已经确认有资格参加世界杯。
在南美洲，巴西、阿根廷、乌拉圭和厄瓜多尔赢得了四个席位。
3月29日，非洲、亚洲和南美的世界杯预选赛进入决赛。
届时，非洲将有5个出线名额；亚洲赛区将决定小组的最终排名；南美赛区将决定洲际附加赛的第五名。
由于乌克兰推迟参加欧洲赛区的附加赛，原定于3月29日进行的附加赛的三个名额只能产生两个。
在这两场关键的比赛中，淘汰意大利的北马其顿将迎战C罗领衔的葡萄牙。欧洲黑马能否再次爆冷送葡萄牙回家，备受关注。
在俄罗斯队被国际足联开除后，波兰队自动获胜，将面对在最后一轮击败捷克队的瑞典队获得一个欧洲席位。
在六月以 2-1 击败奥地利后，威尔士将面对乌克兰和苏格兰之间的胜者。
北美中部和加勒比地区，以及最后两轮预赛，最终将产生三个资格赛名额。
加拿大目前以25分领先全队卡塔尔世界杯非洲区预选赛积分，美国和墨西哥场均22分，分列二三。这三支北美球队暂时占据了直接晋级的三个名额。
哥斯达黎加目前积19分排名第四，晋级仍有希望。
根据国际足联的安排，4月1日，世界杯小组赛抽签仪式将在瑞士举行。届时卡塔尔世界杯非洲区预选赛积分，抽签将以3月31日公布的最新世界排名为准。
因此，在3月29日举行的世预赛最后一场小组赛中，即使已经晋级，包括日韩在内的所有球队都将力争取胜，从而获得国足最好的积分排名。به گزارش عسلویه نیوز به نقل از روابط عمومی گمرک منطقه ویژه،
۱۹هزار و ۶۰۷ تن کالا به ارزش ۱۱۸ میلیون و ۵۴۹ هزار و ۷۵۹ دلار طی تیر ماه امسال از طریق گمرک منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس وارد کشور شد که در مقایسه با مدت مشابه سال قبل از نظر وزن ۴۴ درصد افزایش داشته است .
احمد پورحیدر ، مدیر گمرک منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس ، با اعلام این مطلب گفت : در این مدت ۲۲۲ تن کالا به ارزش بیش از ۳۰۱۴۱۲۹ دلار از این گمرک ورود موقت شد که در مقایسه با مدت مشابه سال گذشته از حیث وزن و ارزش افزایش چشمگیری داشته است .
وی با اشاره به یک میلیون و ۴۴۹ هزار و ۸۹۳ تن کالای غیر نفتی شامل محصولات تولیدی منطقه به ارزش افزون بر۷۵۵ میلیون ۴۸۶ هزار و ۳۸۸ دلار به خارج از کشور صادر گفت : این مقدار در مقایسه با مدت مشابه سال قبل از نظر وزن ۱۲۹ درصد و از حیث ارزش ۱۸۱درصد رشد نشان می دهد .
همچنین صادرات ۵۸۶ هزار و ۶۳۵ تن میعانات گازی به ارزش ۳۶۸میلیون و ۵۲۲ هزار و ۳۸۲ دلار از گمرک منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس به خارج از کشور صادر شد .
مدیر گمرک منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس اظهار کرد : در مجموع در مدت یاد شده بیش از دو میلیون و ۳۶ هزار و ۵۲۸ تن کالا شامل پلی اتیلن سبک و سنگین ، میعانات گازی ، گازهای پروپان ، بوتان ، بنزن و پارازایلین به ارزش بیش از یک میلیارد و ۱۲۴ میلیون و ۸ هزار و ۷۷۰ دلار از این گمرک به خارج از کشور صادر شد که در مقایسه با مدت مشابه سال قبل از نظر وزن ۵۵ درصد و از حیث ارزش ۷۱ درصد افزایش داشت که سهم میعانات گازی از کل کالاهای صادراتی از نظر وزن ۲۹درصد و از حیث ارزش ۳۳ درصد بود .
نظرات کاربرانProfessor John Lucas, Dr Paul Bowyer and Dr Raffaella Carzaniga.
Dr Tim Carver.
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research.
Dr Sarah Gurr.
University of Oxford.
When fruit in your kitchen goes mouldy, you are probably in more of a hurry to throw it out before the rot spreads than you are to look at what is causing it. But if you were to examine it closely, the chances are that you would discover different kinds of mould or fungi infecting specific kinds of fruit. A set of experiments from Rothamsted Research, the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research and the University of Oxford has shown that each species of fungus is uniquely adapted to invade a particular plant or crop.
Many fungi are parasitic organisms, which means they depend on other living organisms (hosts) for the food and protection they need to grow and reproduce. They produce thousands of tiny spores that distribute the fungus by infecting new plants. These spores can recognise not only particular plant species, but also specific parts of the plant, where they can enter with least risk of triggering the plant's defence mechanisms.
Scientists have been looking at the physical cues used by the spores to sense surfaces, orientate themselves, and infect the correct plant species in the right place. Achieving this as efficiently and stealthily as possible is crucial for the fungus, as the spores can only survive a short time without the host's resources. Once in the right place, the spores sprout tubes that penetrate the plant. They then develop feeding structures so the spore can profit from the new food supply.
'Our exhibit will illustrate some of the ingenious ways that parasitic fungi locate, break and enter the host plant without triggering its alarm system,' says Professor John Lucas. 'A live video link-up lets you spy on fungi infecting plants in the laboratory. And you can pretend to be a fungus yourself and test your reaction skills to different physical stimuli.'
Some fungi use the physical surface of the plant to find the right place to infect. By watching Downy mildew (Peronospora) spores penetrate cabbage leaves, scientists now know that it is ridges and troughs of a particular size (0.9 microns) on the leaf surface that trigger infection. These ridges mark the break between two cells, which might offer less resistance to the spore's infection tubes as they push into the leaf.
See all exhibits from 2003Il presente articolo è stato tradotto tramite il software di traduzione automatica di Microsoft e non da una persona. Microsoft offre sia articoli tradotti da persone fisiche sia articoli tradotti automaticamente da un software, in modo da rendere disponibili tutti gli articoli presenti nella nostra Knowledge Base nella lingua madre dell’utente. Tuttavia, un articolo tradotto in modo automatico non è sempre perfetto. Potrebbe contenere errori di sintassi, di grammatica o di utilizzo dei vocaboli, più o meno allo stesso modo di come una persona straniera potrebbe commettere degli errori parlando una lingua che non è la sua. Microsoft non è responsabile di alcuna imprecisione, errore o danno cagionato da qualsiasi traduzione non corretta dei contenuti o dell’utilizzo degli stessi fatto dai propri clienti. Microsoft, inoltre, aggiorna frequentemente il software di traduzione automatica.
Clicca qui per visualizzare la versione originale in inglese dell’articolo: 200123
Questo articolo è stato archiviato. L’articolo, quindi, viene offerto “così come è” e non verrà più aggiornato.
Sommario
Il sistema di operativo di Microsoft Windows fornisce due routine che possono essere chiamate da programmi di Microsoft Office 2000 per ottenere il \Windows e le cartelle \Windows\System.
Informazioni
Microsoft fornisce esempi di programmazione a scopo puramente illustrativo, senza alcuna garanzia espressa o implicita. Questo include, ma non è limitato a, le garanzie implicite di commerciabilità o idoneità per uno scopo specifico. Questo articolo si presuppone che conosca il linguaggio di programmazione in questione e gli strumenti utilizzati per creare ed eseguire il debug di procedure. Tecnici del supporto Microsoft possono spiegare la funzionalità di una particolare procedura, ma in nessun sono caso a modificare questi esempi per fornire funzionalità aggiuntive o creare procedure per soddisfare specifiche esigenze. Quando l'avvio di Windows, imposta una variabile di ambiente speciale denominata WINDIR con il percorso da cui Windows è stato avviato. È possibile utilizzare la seguente istruzione macro per registrare la cartella di Windows in una finestra di messaggio.
MsgBox Environ$("WINDIR")
Tuttavia, non vi è alcun argomento per restituire la cartella \System quando si utilizza questo metodo. Negli esempi riportati di seguito consente di utilizzare chiamate all'API di Windows per restituire i \Windows e \Windows\System cartelle.
Questo esempio di macro recupera le cartelle \Windows e \Windows\System e li stampa nella finestra Debug (immediata) di Visual Basic for Applications Editor.
' Place these declarations in the General Declarations procedure of a' Visual Basic for Applications module. Declare Function GetWindowsDirectoryA Lib "Kernel32" _ (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long Declare Function GetSystemDirectoryA Lib "Kernel32" _ (ByVal lpBuffer As String, ByVal nSize As Long) As Long
creare una macro e inserire il codice riportato di seguito nella routine.
Sub GetOSDirs() Dim sBuf As String Dim cSize As Long Dim retval As Long sBuf = String(255, 0) cSize = 255 ' Get Windows Directory. retval = GetWindowsDirectoryA(sBuf, cSize) sBuf = Left(sBuf, retval) Debug.Print sBuf ' Get System Directory. sBuf = String(255, 0) cSize = 255 retval = GetSystemDirectoryA(sBuf, cSize) sBuf = Left(sBuf, retval) Debug.Print sBuf End Sub
se la finestra di debug non è visibile, quindi mentre di Visual Basic per l'Editor applicazioni, dal menu Visualizza , scegliere Finestra immediata (o finestra di debug).
OFF2000 off2k vb vba vbe
Avviso: questo articolo è stato tradotto automaticamente
Proprietà
ID articolo: 200123 - Ultima revisione: 02/22/2014 20:13:00 - Revisione: 5.2
Microsoft Excel 2000 Standard Edition, Microsoft Access 2000 Standard Edition, Microsoft PowerPoint 2000 Standard Edition, Microsoft Word 2000 Standard Edition
AD5415
双通道、12位、高带宽、乘法DAC，内置四象限电阻和串行接口
产品详情
AD5415是一款CMOS、12位、双通道电流输出数模转换器(DAC)，采用2.5 V至5.5 V电源供电，适合电池供电及其它应用。
这款器件采用CMOS亚微米工艺制造，能够提供出色的四象限乘法特性，大信号乘法带宽达10 MHz。
满量程输出电流由所施加的外部基准输入电压 (VREF) 决定。与外部电流至电压精密放大器配合使用时，集成的反馈电阻(RFB) 可提供温度跟踪和满量程电压输出。此外，该器件内置双极性操作及其它配置模式所需的全部四象限电阻。
这款DAC采用双缓冲三线式串行接口，并且与SPI™、QSPI™、MICROWIRE™及大多数DSP接口标准兼容。采用多个封装时，还可以通过串行数据输出引脚(SDO)，将这些DAC以菊花链形式相连。利用数据回读功能，用户可以通过SDO引脚读取DAC寄存器的内容。上电时，内部移位寄存器和锁存以零填充，DAC输出处于零电平。
AD5415采用24引脚TSSOP封装。
应用
- 便携式电池供电应用
- 波形发生器
- 模拟处理
- 仪器仪表应用
- 可编程放大器和衰减器
- 数字控制校准
- 可编程滤波器和振荡器
- 复合视频
- 超声
- 增益、失调和电压调整
类似器件 点击在参数搜索中查看所有
产品生命周期
该产品系列中至少有一个型号已量产并可供采购。该产品适合用于新设计，但也可能有更新的替代产品。Pane dolce con mele, cannella e zenzero (Pull apart bread)
Ingredienti:
190 g di farina 00
190 g di Manitoba
50 g di zucchero
60 g di burro
80 ml di latte
60 ml di acqua
2 uova
1 bustina di lievito di birra secco (oppure ½ cubetto fresco)
½ cucchiaino di sale
Per il ripieno:
3 mele
1 cucchiaino di cannella in polvere
1 cucchiaino di zenzero in polvere
60 g di burro
150 g di zucchero
Preparazione:
Fate fondere in una ciotolina il burro con il latte, poi aggiungete l'acqua. Mescolate bene e fate raffreddare.
Nella ciotola della planetaria mettete la farina manitoba, metà della farina 00, lo zucchero, il sale e lievito secco. Unite quindi il mix di burro e latte e mescolate per 1 minuto. Aggiungete le uova leggermente sbattute e incorporatele all'impasto.
Ora inserite la restante farina e iniziate a lavorare il tutto a velocità media con il gancio impastatore per almeno 10 minuti. (se non avete una planetaria potete lavorare l'impasto direttamente su un piano infarinato per circa
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on an individual’s unique genetics and ability to convert folic acid into its active form versus allowing it to build up. They will need to be balanced according to one’s lifestyle, health goals, diet and the accessibility of L-methylfolate supplements.
Dr. Jeffrey Gladd, an integrative physician, says: “Know that in the right person, folic acid as the supplement form poses no risk, and therefore would be a perfectly fine form to take. The problem lies in most not knowing their folate handling genetics and so the ‘potential’ for it not being helpful, and possibly harmful exists. That being said, we have no data to suggest that there are any negative effects of taking the folate form, even if you are good converter. Therefore, I guide most patients to take the folate form just to be on the safe side.”
Depending on your unique circumstances, folic acid (in moderation) may be advisable, especially if you are pregnant. Fortunately, folate-rich foods and methylfolate supplements are available. With proper knowledge and planning, you may be able to avoid the need of a vitamin B9 supplement altogether. Read on to learn more.
When your diet includes adequate levels of folate, you are supporting the smooth execution of some miraculous cellular functions: namely DNA formation and cell division. Folate is crucial to these functions, and many more.
For many, it is possible to meet the body's folate requirements through a healthy, varied diet. However, certain dietary restrictions or health conditions may increase the risk of folate deficiency, and associated symptoms.
It is commonly believed that women of childbearing age need increased amounts of folate, as folate deficiency during pregnancy can contribute to low birth weight and neural tube defects (including spina bifida). If you are planning to become pregnant or pregnant already, folate is highly important for avoiding common birth defects. This is why it is a common ingredient in many prenatal vitamins. Women expecting to become pregnant should aim for 600 mcg (0.6 mg) of folate daily.
People with a history of alcohol dependence or digestive disorders are also at an increased risk of folate deficiency. If you think that you might be at risk of folate deficiency, keep an eye out for these common signs: anemia, changes in the pigmentation of the skin, hair, and nails, and ulcers of the oral lining.
Recognizing that you may be at risk is the first step towards making positive changes to your diet, and deciding whether supplementation might be necessary. The National Institute of Health recommends a daily intake of 400 mcg (.4 mg) for adults and children older than 4 years old.
Folate is found naturally in a wide variety of foods, including some vegetarian options. A 3-oz. serving of beef liver contains over 50% of the daily recommended intake for folate, making it an excellent source. If you’re vegetarian, you can actually get 33% of your daily folate intake with a ½-cup serving of boiled spinach.
A ½-cup serving of avocado offers up approximately 15% of your daily intake. Other dark green vegetables such as broccoli, asparagus, and mustard greens aren’t far behind. They supply approximately 13-22% of the daily recommended folate intake. (Estimates courtesy of the National Institute of Health.)
Many grain products, such as bread and cereal, are fortified with folic acid. However, as previously noted, the body will potentially synthesize and absorb folic acid less efficiently than folate. For this reason, consuming fortified foods may not necessarily increase the levels of L-methylfolate your body needs.
If you tend to consume plenty of folate-rich foods, then you are likely well on your way to adequate folate consumption. However, we all need a bit of a B-vitamin boost now and again. This is especially true for expecting mothers. You can safely increase your folate intake if you carefully avoid supplements labeled folic acid—look instead for methylfolate, a superior form of folic acid for most.
If you are concerned about whether you are getting sufficient folate, speak to your doctor or take an online survey for a personalized recommendation.1月前 撰文：Molly Walls 摄影：Lauren Field
美国华盛顿州西北海岸上，有一群居民选择「不入网」（ off the grid），过着现代的「原始」生活。有些人这么做是倾心于简单、俭朴的生活方式，有的则是出于安全考虑。
Rowan Sharp 说：「我选择这种生活方式的原因，不是因为某个理想蒙受苦难，而是为了经历不同的生活体验。」
在位于美国华盛顿州西北海岸的奥林匹克半岛上，一群居民选择脱多数人所依赖的水、电等基础设施。他们分散在半岛各地，形成一张松散的关系网，外人若是不知底细，根本无法打探到某个成员的下落。他们的小屋、拖车房，以及建在陆地上的船屋都隐藏在茂密的树林里，通常只能走土路或小道才能到达。
半岛四周水雾缭绕，它西临太平洋，北濒胡安·德富卡海峡，东面则是胡德运河。当地的生态环境状况，对这群居民的日常生活来说非常关键。因为人们不仅要利用沿山坡顺流而下的溪水洗碗、洗澡，许多人还依靠这片土地维持生计，从事农耕、捕鱼和园艺工作。
奥林匹克半岛上的某处
这群人虽然彼此认识，但他们的住所却较为分散，有些人会住在一起，有的则独身一人。整个社区并不受某种明确的意识形态制约，而是在使用共有的情感和物质空间时，遵守若干不成文的准则。
正如 30 岁的 Chris Gang 所说，这也就意味着「人们随时随地都可以小解。进而，因为身体变化而产生的羞耻感就不会那么强烈了。某些身体部位按理来说是私密区域，但人们也不会特别在意。」从他最大的房子望去，可以清晰看见一间堆肥式厕所，这足以说明了他的观点（不过，厕所外也装了一扇门，专供注重隐私的人使用）。
这种思想会让人想起「酷儿」（queer，指同性恋、双性恋、跨性别等非异性恋人群）社区漫长的发展史。他表示：「酷儿群体一直都在选择自己的家庭成员，以至于我们似乎永远脱离了社会结构。」
30 岁的 Chris Gang 在露天淋浴
Sacha Kozlow 和他的家
Kozlow 家的厨房
作为「性别酷儿」（genderqueer）的一员，28 岁的 Maxfield Koontz 是一个农民，也是篮筐编织艺术家。他同样提到了这段历史，并指出「乡间」和「酷儿」并不矛盾。说起话来温文尔雅的他接着又提起了名为「激进仙子」（Radical Faeries）的同性恋维权运动。1970 年代末，Harry Hay 创办了反主流文化的组织「激进仙子」，提倡建立田园式的乡村酷儿庇护所。如今，有许多当年的社区尚未消亡。
这些主题也呼应了 Lauren Field 诸多摄影作品。她将镜头对准了酷儿群体所在地和这些个体惊人的美，例如不少作品展现了跨性别人群坐在加州海岸，伸展着四肢、犹如女神维纳斯般的完美躯体。
35 岁的 Ezra Goetzen 是 Koontz 的恋人。他住的小屋在林子的另一边，坐落在郁郁葱葱的河谷山坡上。Goetzen 出生在波兰，就像很多英语为第二语言的人一样，他的发音特别清晰，个别用词也较为夸张。他是一名跨性别/酷儿心理医生，有一半时间住在这座小屋里，还有一半时间和家人一起住在西雅图。Goetzen 说，人们之所以不愿追求「不入网」的生活方式，是因为「（他们自己的生活）像清教徒一般拘谨，而且太讲究卫生了」。他还说，这些人「只要看着堆肥式厕所就会感到恶心」。
Maxfield Koontz（左）和 Ezra Goetzen
31 岁的 Emmy Madav 正在她的小屋前编织衣物
30 岁的 Sharp 正在她的小帆船上
对许多人来说，「不入网」生活是出于经济上的考虑。由于资源紧缺，加之越来越多的人无力承担消耗这些资源所需的费用，城市已经不再适合他们居住。
许多富有的外来人口涌入到西雅图，给奥林匹克半岛的居民带来了住房危机，他们开始买不起曾赖以为生的土地。贫富差距也给尚未脱离电网的居民带来了困扰，例如 29 岁的农民 Lex Helbling 就不得不放弃购买她要租用的农场。
Helbling 说道：「金钱的力量太强大了。金钱、权力、阶级促使土地拥有者做出了决定。他们把耕田务农想得像牛奶盒上图片那样美好，认为农场里应该阳光普照，遍地都是绿草。」
奥林匹克半岛上水雾缭绕
在完成项目期间，Field 发现人们对于「不入网」的理解存在偏差。不少人会以为，这儿的居民缺乏水力和电力设施。除此之外，「不入网」这个词本身还暗指远离社会，过着离群索居的生活。
但恰恰相反，31 岁的 Emmy Madav 强调说，这种生活方式让人与人之间的关系变得异常亲密，甚至会令人无所适从。她说：「有趣的是，许多人以为住在乡间就和外界失去了一切联系，但其实和这么多人一起住在一间小房子里，我经常疲于应付，还会觉得刺激过度。」
Lex Helbling 正在打扫她的农场
晾晒着的亚麻布
由于没有排污系统，社区里的人们通常使用堆肥式厕所
也有人指出，因为他们拥有特权，所以才能选择这种生活方式。Goetzen 也承认，当年美国政府给个人分配土地时，屠杀了许多当地土著。他说：「有必要指出的是，这里原本住着许多土著，现在也有人依然住在这儿。我们半乌托邦式的家园，其实是殖民时期霸占的土地上。」
奥林匹克半岛上，一共有 8 个被联邦政府承认的部落。这些部落被安排在了狭小的土著居留地里，他们大多位于半岛西部。如今，我们在地图上仍能找到当年殖民者的暴力痕迹：不少传统的地名不见了，而是被西方探险家改成了英语名字。
30 岁的 Billie Delaney
社区居民取水用来洗碗、洗澡
Chris Gang 表示：「不是说，大家都脱离电网、少用几只电灯泡，这样我们就能拯救地球。而是说，这种生活方式能帮我们与周围世界保持联系。」
35 岁的 Sacha Kozlow 是一名铁匠。他住的小屋是自己建造的，还采用了动物毛皮隔音隔热。他嚼着一根桉树制成的牙签，让他的宠物狗像围巾一样堆在自己的肩头，并回忆起了小时候在蒙大拿州乡村地区一个异教团体里长大的经历。
他说，自己年轻的时候，异教领袖在宣讲时提到了传说中的亚特兰蒂斯岛，还说是因为岛上的人们有了同性恋行为，亚特兰蒂斯才沉入了海底。那时候，Kozlow 还未公开出柜。他的早年经历反映了寓言的残酷性，说明每个「半乌托邦」其实都充满了危险。
Ezra Goetzen 和 Maxfield Koontz 正在他们的家中
「Utopia」一词源于古希腊语「ou-topos」，意为「乌有之乡」。它是一座失乐园，一个根本就不存在的地方。Field 镜头下的许多人物都特别指出，这种生活方式在本质上是无法长久的，因为世事无常，他们时时要冒着被驱逐的危险。流动性就好比自由，让人们建立起了稍纵即逝的乌托邦，但每当晨曦降临，这座乌有之乡就会消失得无影无踪。
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请输入电子邮箱地址接收TMagazine每日最新消息The island nation of Kiribati has established a large shark sanctuary that will help ensure the creatures are protected across much of the central Pacific. Vice President Kourabi Nenem said at the sanctuary's launch on Friday that the nation was committed to protecting sharks from exploitation and overfishing, the AP reports. Kiribati has banned commercial shark fishing in the sanctuary, which is about five times the size of Texas. Palau established the first shark sanctuary in the region in 2009, and has been followed by the Marshall Islands, French Polynesia, and other nations. The Pew Charitable Trust estimates that 100 million sharks are killed each year by commercial fisheries.
Pew says sharks are vulnerable to overfishing because they're slow to mature and reproduce. Ben Namakin, who was born in Kiribati and has pushed for the sanctuary, says he first began to consult elders and community groups with the idea about four years ago. He said some people were resistant at first because Kiribati had a tradition of catching and eating sharks. But he said the elders didn't like the way commercial operators were fishing for the creatures and understood their plight more when told of their unusual biology. "They came to realize the shark sanctuary was important to protecting our culture," Namakin says. (This shark may be the longest-lived vertebrate on the planet.)From Propaganda to Journalism: How Radio Free Europe Pierced the Iron Curtain
The end of the Second World War signaled the beginning of an information war in Europe. As the military alliance between the Soviet Union and its main western allies — the United States and Britain — came to an end, the USSR backed small communist parties that asserted ever-tighter control over much of Eastern Europe.
Speaking in Fulton, Missouri in March 1946, former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill warned of an “Iron Curtain” of totalitarian control sealing off half the continent. His speech heralded the beginning of an ideological “cold war” that would last for more than 40 years, a struggle in which citizens of the eastern camp were only meant to hear one side of the argument.
“We talk about the Iron Curtain as a physical barrier, but it was also an information curtain,” says A. Ross Johnson, a former director of Radio Free Europe and author of a history of RFE and its companion station, Radio Liberty, which broadcast into the Soviet Union. “All the communist regimes saw control of information as a key to their rule.”
An SWLing Post contributor also recently shared the following PDF article by A. Ross Johnson for the Wilson Center. Here’s the summary:
To Monitor and be Monitored– Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty during the Cold War
Monitoring of Soviet bloc radios was an important input to Radio Free and Radio Liberty broadcasts during the Cold War. RFE and RL also monitored the official print media and interviewed refugees and travelers. Soviet bloc officials in turn monitored RFE, RL, and other Western broadcasts (while jamming their transmissions) to inform themselves and to counter what they viewed as “ideological subversion.” On both sides, monitoring informed media policy.
RFE and RL monitored their radio audiences through listener letters and extensive travel
surveys, while the Communist authorities monitored those audiences through secret police
informants and secret internal polling. Both approaches were second-best efforts at survey
research but in retrospect provided reasonably accurate indicators of the audience for RFE, RL, and other Western broadcasters.
If you’re interested in Cold War broadcasting, I would also encourage you to check out Richard Cummings’ blog, Cold War Radio Vignettes.Nephritis; Pyelonephritis; Renal Disease
The right kidney is close enough to the appendix that inflammatory problems in the kidney-for example, an abscess-can mimic appendicitis.
Renal cell cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in tubules of the kidney. Renal cell cancer (also called kidney cancer or renal adenocarcinoma) is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the lining of tubules (very small tubes) in the kidney. There are 2 kidneys, one on each side of the backbone, above the waist. The tiny tubules in the kidneys filter and clean the blood, taking out waste products and making urine. The urine passes from each kidney into th...
Kidney Diseases as related to Kidney Cancer
- Chronic kidney disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease, is a progressive loss in renal function over a period of months or years. The symptoms of worsening ...
- Kidney Stones in Adults - National Kidney and Urologic ...
Discusses the causes, symptoms, and diagnosis of kidney stones. Reviews prevention strategies and treatment options, as well as information on current research.
- Kidney disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kidney disease, also known as Nephropathy, means damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephrosis is non-inflammatory nephropathy. Nephritis is inflammatory kidney disease.
- Kidney Diseases: MedlinePlus - National Library of ...
The primary NIH organization for research on Kidney Diseases is the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
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Provides educational materials to increase knowledge and understanding about kidney and urologic diseases among patients, health care providers, and the general public
- Kidney Disease - Kidney Treatment - …
Medical Researcher, 2nd Generation Naturopath and Kidney Disease Expert, Teaches You How To: Reverse Your Impaired Kidney Function Naturally With Great Results …
- Kidney Disease Overview & Education - DaVita
DaVita provides valuable information on kidney disease and dialysis as well as treatments and support services for patients living with CKD.
- Kidney Diet, Kidney Treatment, Kidney Disease, Renal ...
You may be living with one kidney and not even know it. Being born with just one kidney isn’t common, but it does occur in about 1 in 1000 people, according to the ...
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Kidney Disease Definition. Kidney disease is a general term for any damage that reduces the functioning of the kidney. Kidney disease is also called renal disease.
- Chronic kidney disease - NHS Choices
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys do not work as well as normal.The three basic aims that govern our efforts are
- Intellectual Development : Empowering every student with the
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die-back' disease which has ravaged forests throughout continental Europe has reached County Cavan, The Anglo-Celt can reveal. The disease, also known as chalara fraxinea, was first identified in County Leitrim last October prompting Department of Agriculture officials on both sides of the Border to launch a combined effort to prevent its spread; most notably the passing of legislation in November banning the importation of ash.
However it appears that the action has failed to prevent the spread of the chalara fraxinea. Figures obtained from the Department of Agriculture show that in the south there has been 46 instances of chalara fraxinea identified. It has appeared in at least one forestry plantation in County Cavan. At the time of going to press the Department had not responded to requests from The Anglo-Celt for details on the number and locations of the disease.
In an article in the English 'Observer' newspaper, a Danish expert compared the disease, chalara fraxinea, to HIV in that the fungus weakens the immune system and enables a secondary disease to kill the tree. The disease is caused by a minuscule fungal spore found on leaf stalks, which strips ash trees of their foliage, thus the more common name, 'ash die-back'. Once the diseased leaf is shed the wind carries it to neighbouring trees, spreading the problem. In this way, Chalara fraxinea has destroyed 90% of Denmark's ash trees and caused havoc in Germany, Poland, Norway, Sweden and Austria. Danish experts hope that one per cent of ash there may prove resistant and survive.
Results from a survey released last Friday showed that ash die-back has also established a strong foothold in Britain's population of 80 million ash trees - of 469 sites visited the disease was present in 66.
PJ Fitzpatrick, resource, inventory and GIS teamleader, with Coillte is urging everyone to be vigilant for chalara fraxinea.
"Everyone should keep an eye for it," said PJ "if they do see a tree dying for some unknown reason."
PJ is hopeful that despite its appearance in a number of counties nationwide, that it can still be contained.
"I live in hope that it would [be contained]. We cannot be sure because this is something new that we haven't had before but I think because of the quick response last year to it - I would be hopeful that we would have it contained."Adolf Hitler gave this speech in Berlin in 1938 where he claimed that the only territorial demand of Germany is the Sudeten territories.
I have attacked all seemingly impossible problems with a firm will to solve them peaceably if at all feasible even at the risk of more or less important German sacrifices.
I am a front soldier myself and I know how terrible war is.
I wanted to spare the German nation this experience and therefore I took up problem after problem with a firm resolve to attempt everything to make an amicable solution possible.
The hardest problem I found, my fellow citizens, was Polish-German relations. We faced the danger here of steering ourselves into, let us say, fanatical hysteria. The danger existed that in this case a conception like inherited enmity would gain possession of our peoples as well as the Polish people.
This I wanted to forestall. I know perfectly well that I would not have succeeded alone if at that time there had been a democracy of western construction in Poland.
For these democracies running over with peace phrases are the most bloodthirsty war instigators.
There was no democracy in Poland but there was a man. With him we succeeded in less than a year in arriving at an agreement which for the duration of ten years basically removes the danger of any clash.
We all are determined, and also convinced, that this agreement will bring about lasting and continuous pacification, because problems in eight years are no different from those today.
We do not have to expect anything from each other. We recognize this. We are two peoples. They shall live. One cannot annihilate the other. I recognize this and we must see it: A State of 33,000,000 people will always strive for an outlet to the sea.
Here the road to understanding had to be found, and it was found. And it is being widened and expanded.
Of course, down there realities are often grim. Nationalities and little racial groups often fight with each other.
But the decisive thing is: The two administrations and all sensible and reasonable people in both countries have a firm will and a firm resolve continually to improve relations.
That was a great deed of mine, and a real act of peace which‘ weighs more than all the jabbering in the Geneva League of Nations palace.
Now I have tried during this time also gradually to bring about good and enduring relations with other nations.
We have given guarantees for the States in the West. We have guaranteed to all contiguous neighbors the inviolability of their territory so far as Germany is concerned.
That is not a phrase -- that is our sacred will.
We are not interested in breaking peace. We do not want anything from these peoples. It is a fact that these our offers were meeting with increasing acceptance and also growing understanding.
Slowly, more and more nations are departing from the idiotic delusion of Geneva; I should like to say, departing not from collective peace obligations but from collective war obligations.
They are withdrawing from them and they begin to see problems soberly and are ready for understanding and peace.
I have gone farther.
I extended a hand to England. I renounced voluntarily ever again joining any naval conference so as to give the British Empire a feeling of security, not because I could not build more -- and there should be no illusion about that -- but exclusively for this reason: to safeguard permanent peace between both nations.
To be sure, there is here one pre-condition -- it cannot be admitted that one party should say: I do not want to fight you any more and therefore I offer to cut my armaments down to 35 per cent, and that the other party should say from time to time: We will fight again when it suits us.
That won’t do. Such an agreement is morally justified only when both peoples shake hands on an honest promise never to wage war upon each other again.
Germany has this will. We all hope that among the English people those will prevail who are of the same mind. I have gone further. Immediately after the Saar had been returned to the Reich by plebiscite, I told France there were no more differences between France and us.
I said: Alsace-Lorraine does not exist any more for us.
These people really have not been asked their opinion in the last few decades. We believe that the inhabitants of those parts are happiest when they are not being fought over.
And we all do not want any more war with France. We want nothing of France, absolutely nothing.
And when the Saar territory was returned to the Reich, thanks to -- I will say so right here -- thanks to France’s loyal execution of the treaties, I immediately gave this frank assurance: Now all the territorial differences between France and Germany are settled.
I no longer see any differences at all. There are two nations. They can live best if they work together.
After this renunciation, irrevocable once and forever, I turned to another problem, solvable more easily than others because a mutual philosophic basis served as a prerequisite for an easier mutual understanding: Germany’s relations to Italy.
Certainly the solution of this problem is my work only partially. The other part is due to the rare great man (Premier Mussolini) whom the Italian people is fortunate to possess as its leader.
This relation has long left a sphere of clear economic and political expediency and over treaties and alliances has turned into a real strong union of hearts.
Here an axis was formed represented by two peoples, both of whom in their philosophical and political ideas found themselves in close indissoluble friendship.
Here, too, I cut the cloth finally and definitely, convinced of my responsibility toward my countrymen.
I have relieved the world of a problem that from now on no longer exists for us.
Bitter as it may be for a few, in the last analysis the interest of the German nation stands above all.
This interest, however, is: To be able to work in peace.
This whole activity, my fellow citizens, is not a phrase that cannot be proved, but instead this activity is demonstrated by facts which no political liar can remove.
Two problems remained.
Here I had to make a reservation.
Ten million Germans found themselves outside the Reich’s confines in two large contiguous regions -- Germans who desired to come back into their homeland. This number of 10,000,000 is not a trifle. It is a question of one-fourth of the number of inhabitants France has.
And if France during forty years did not renounce its claim to a few million French in Alsace-Lorraine, certainly we have a right before God and man to keep up our claim to these 10,000,000 Germans.
Somewhere, my fellow countrymen, there is a limit -- a limit where yielding must cease, because it would otherwise become a harmful weakness and I would have no right to maintain a place in German history if I were simply to renounce 10,000,000 without caring about them. I would then have no moral right to be Fuehrer of the German people.
I have taken upon myself sufficient sacrifices in the way of renunciations. Here was a limit beyond which I could not go. How right this was has been proven, first by the plebiscite in Austria; in fact, by the entire history of the reunion of Austria with the Reich. A glowing confession of faith was pronounced at that time -- a confession such as others certainly had not hoped for.
A flaming testimony was given at that time, a declaration such as others surely had not hoped would be given.
It was then we saw that for democracies a plebiscite becomes superfluous or even obnoxious as soon as it does not produce results democracies hoped for.
Nevertheless this problem was solved to the happiness of the great German people, and now we confront the last problem that must and shall be solved.
This is the last territorial demand I have to make in Europe, but it is a demand on which I will not yield.
Its history is as follows: In 1918 Central Europe was torn up and reshaped by some foolish or crazy so-called statesmen under the slogan "self-determination and the right of nations."
Without regard to history, origin of peoples, their national wishes, their economic necessities, they smashed up Europe and arbitrarily set up new States.
To this, Czechoslovakia owed its existence.
This Czech State began with one big lie and its father’s name was Benes.
This Herr Benes at that time turned up at Versailles and told them that there was the Czechoslovak nation.
He had to invent this lie to bolster up an insignificant number of his own nationals so as to make them seem more important.
I said in the Reichstag on Feb. 20, that this (meaning the Czecho-slovak situation) must be changed. Only Herr Benes changed it differently. He started a more radical system of oppression, greater terror, a period of dissolutions, bans, confiscations, etc.
This went on until May 21, and you cannot deny, my friends, that it was truly endless German patience that we practiced.
This May 21 was unbearable enough. I have told the story of this month already at the Reich’s party convention.
There at last were to be elections in Czechoslovakia. They could no longer be postponed.
So Herr Benes thinks out a way to intimidate Germans there -- military occupation of those sections.
He still keeps up this military occupation in the expectation that so long as his hirelings are there nobody will dare raise a hand against him.
It was an impudent lie that Germany had mobilized. That had to be used in order to cloak the Czech mobilization, excuse it and explain it.
What happened then, you know. The infamous international world set at Germany. Germany had: not called upon one man. It never thought of solving this problem militarily.
I still had hopes that the Czechs would recognize at the last minute that this tyrannic regime could not keep up.
But Herr Benes believed Germany was fair game. Of course, he thought he was covered by France and England and nothing could possibly happen to him.
And if everything failed there still was Soviet Russia to fall back on.
Thus the answer of that man was: No, more than ever, shoot down, arrest and incarcerate all those whom he did not like for some reason. Then, finally, my demands came from Nuremberg.
The demands now were quite clear. Now, for the first time, I said, that at last nearly twenty years after Mr. Wilson’s right of self-determination for the 3,500,000 must be enforced and we ‘shall not just look on any longer.
And again Herr Benes replied: New victims, new incarcerations, new arrests. The German element gradually began to flee.
Then came England. I informed Mr. Chamberlain unequivocally of what we regard as the only possibility of solution.
It is the most natural solution possible.
I know that all these nationalities no longer want to remain with this Herr Benes.
In the first place, however, I speak of Germans. For these Germans I have now spoken and now given assurances that I am no longer willing to look on quietly and passively as this lunatic believes he can simply mishandle 3,500,000 human beings.
I left no doubt that German patience at last was exhausted. I left no doubt it was the way of our German mentality to take things long and patiently, that, however, the moment comes once when this must be ended.
And now, in fact, England and France agreed to dispatch the only possible demand to Czechoslovakia, namely to free the German region and cede it to the Reich.
I am thankful to Mr. Chamberlain for all his trouble and I assured him that the German people wants nothing but peace, but I also declared that I cannot go beyond the limits of our patience.
I further assured him and I repeat here that if this problem is solved, there will be no further territorial problems in Europe for Germany.
And I further assured him that at the moment that Czechoslovakia has solved her other problems, that is, when the Czechs have reconciled themselves with their other minorities, the Czech State no longer interests me and that, if you please, I give him the guarantee: We do not want any Czechs.
But equally I want now to declare before the German people that as regards the Sudeten German problem, my patience is now exhausted.
I now head the procession of my people as first soldier and behind me -- may the world know this -- there now matches a people and a different one than that of 1918.
Errant mentors of those times succeeded in infiltrating the poison of democratic phrases into our people, but the German people of today is not the German people of 1918.
In these hours we will take one holy common resolve. It shall be stronger than any pressure, any peril. And when this will is stronger than pressure and peril, it will break the pressure and peril.Shift Materials Safely using Manual Handling Methods
Work involves the application of the basic principles for the safe lifting and movement of loads when shifting materials safely using manual handling methods as part of day-to-day work.
This unit involves the skills and knowledge required to shift loads using manual handling methods, including assessing the risks associated with relocating the load, planning the relocation process and carrying out the relocation in accordance with the plan.
- Communicate effectively with others when manually lifting and handling materials and goods
- Read and interpret instructions, procedures and information relevant to the manual lifting and handling of materials and goods
- Interpret and follow operational instructions and prioritise work
- Work collaboratively with others when manually lifting and handling materials and goods
- Adapt appropriately to cultural differences in the workplace, including modes of behaviour and interactions with others
- Promptly report and/or rectify any identified problems that may arise when manually lifting and handling materials and goods in accordance with regulatory requirements and workplace procedures
- Implement contingency plans for unexpected situations that may occur when manually lifting and handling materials and goods
- Apply precautions and required action to minimise, control or eliminate risks that may exist when manually lifting and handling materials and goods
- Monitor work activities in terms of planned schedule
- Modify activities depending on differing operational contingencies, risk situations and environments
- Apply fatigue management knowledge and techniques
- Work systematically with required attention to detail without injury to self or others, or damage to goods or equipment
- Operate and adapt to differences in loads and materials in accordance with standard operating procedures
- Select and use required personal protective equipment conforming to industry and OH&S standards range
Unit of Competency
TLID1001A Shift materials safely using manual handling methods
Students learning outcomes will be assessed using practical activities designed to simulate a workplace and written or oral questions as appropriate.
Classroom theory via PowerPoint presentations, including audio-visual material and practical activities that simulate a workplace.
Please select your state so that courses on the site can be shown for your location.|Garifuna women peeling the bitter cassava tubers to make cassava bread.|
The Garinagu, like many other African descendant communities, have songs that are sacred and reserved for rituals in honor of Ancestors. These songs would not generally be heard on a regular day-to-day occasion. Instead, such songs would be called during a Dugu, the Feasting of the Dead to welcome Ancestors into the dabuyaba (ancestral temple). In some cases, the singing of certain songs causes the energy to intensify in the celebration and in these moments Ancestral spirits come forth and speak to family members in attendance. Members of the community get to learn these songs while attending the Dugu but for those who are the gayusa (special group of singers), they learn the songs from elders or from Ancestors in dreams.
|Maasai women of Kenya singing. Photo by Borft|请问跳高的基本动作是什么？[展开]
请问跳高的基本动作是什么？[收起]
摆动腿和两臂要与起跳腿协调配合，摆动腿在它迅速有力地后蹬结束后，起跳腿向前伸出，在要落地而未下落时开始起摆，这时骨盆迅速向前移，摆动腿则尽量留在后面，充分拉长髋关节之屈肌群，以利快速而大幅度的前摆
请问这是什么动作？？
胎儿动作大，请问这是宫缩吗？第一
跳高的基本动作是什么啊？
网球正手挥拍的动作要领请问网球正
你好我怀孕35天请问什么动作可以
怎么为跳街舞打好基础想学跳高难度
请问一些猫的动作代有什么意思脚尖
请问跳高有没有什么技巧？（剪刀式
跳高的基本动作是什么呢？
向圣人请教请问这是直升机的什么战
请问有什么动作可以治疗咳嗽？
跳高的基本动作要点是什么呢？
请问在跳高的时候为了避免小腿打落
请问跳高的时候有什么动作技巧吗？
请问跳高运动员朱建华在1984年
跳高的基本动作有哪些呢？
请问魔兽世界里如何利用BUG原地
背越式跳高的动作方法
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میزنید از پرایمر بر پایه ی روغن استفاده کنید.
3. درست از غلتک استفاده کنید
اگر غلتک را روی قسمت هایی که شروع به خشک شدن کرده اند بکشید، خطوطی روی دیوار پدید می آید.به منظور جلوگیری از به وجود آمدن این خطوط، باید پس از کشیدن غلتک روی دیوار، لبه ی انتهایی رنگ اعمال شده را در حرکت بعدی دوباره به رنگ آغشته کرد. اینگونه لبه ی انتهای رنگ با حرکت بعدی غلتک در هم می آمیزد.
4. رنگ را با یک همزن تغییر یافته هم بزنید
قبل از هم زدن رنگ، چند قسمت از همزن را با دریل سوراخ کنید تا رنگ به طور یکنواخت مخلوط شود. سوراخ های ایجاد شده مانند همزن ماهوتی عمل می کند و موجب به جریان انداختن رنگ در بین سوراخ ها و انتقال هوا درون رنگ می شود.
5. در صورت تمایل به حجم اضافه کنید
اگر تمایل به ایجاد حجم بیشتری داشتید از یک غلتک بزرگتر با پرز بلند به اندازه 4/3 اینچ که رنگ بیشتری را در خود حفظ می کند، استفاده کنید. پرز ها قسمتی از ساختار غلتک هستند. پرز های بلند تر، به دلیل پخش رنگ متفاوت، حجم بیشتری به دیوار می بخشند.در انتهای کار می توانید از غلتکی با پرز های کوچک تر-بین 2/1 تا 4/1- استفاده کنید تا سطحی صاف را پدید آورید.
6. قلمو و غلتک خود را نشویید
در صورت استفاده از رنگ پلاستیکی استفاده می کنید و به پایان نرسیدن کار، نیازی به شستن قلمو و غلتک ندارید. هوای سرد رنگ مانع از خشک شدن رنگ پلاستیکی می شود. بنابراین می توانید قلمو و یا غلتک خود را در کیف پلاستیکی یا فویل بپیچید و آن را در یخچال قرار دهید. ( قبل از استفاده از قلمو و یا غلتک از گرم شدن آنها اطمینان حاصل کنید.)
7. استفاده از نوار رنگ آمیزی کهنه
اگر از نوار رنگ آمیزی کهنه استفاده می کنید، حتما گاهی به مشکل برخورده اید. گاهی برطرف کردن برآمدگی ها با پاره کردن نوار و یا چسباندن آن کار مشکلی است. برای حل این مشکل رول نوار را به مدت 10 ثانیه در ماکروویو قرار دهید.
8. نوع رنگ پیشین دیوار را در نظر بگیرید
نمی دانید که رنگ پیشین دیوار روغنی است یا پلاستیکی؟ یک توپ نخی را در الکل قرار داده و به قسمت کوچکی از دیوار بمالید. اگر توپ نخی رنگ دیوار را به خود گرفت، رنگ پلاستیکی است. هیچ رنگی روی توپ نخی مشاهده نکردید؟ پس رنگ دیوار پیش روی شما از نوع روغنی است و قبل از رنگ آمیزی به یک پرایمر بر پایه روغن نیاز دارد.
9 یک خودکار رنگ بخرید
داشتن یک خودکار رنگ که از رنگ جدید دیوارهایتان پر شده، به شما کمک می کند که بتوانید تا مدتها از آن برای ترمیم رنگ قسمت های کوچک دیوار استفاده کنید. این خودکارها به مدت یکسال رنگ داخل خود را تازه نگه میدارند. به یاد داشته باید که باید قبل از مصرف آن را به خوبی تکان دهید تا رنگ صاف و یکنواخت از آن خارج شود.你还记得在比萨斜塔上做实验的那个伽利略吗？今天，我们通过一组伽利略故居的照片，来了解一下这位意大利数学家、物理学家、天文学家的丰富一生。（本篇摄影/车吉心）
伽利略出生于没落的贵族家庭，17岁时，在比萨大学学医。
但是他并没有对医学产生浓厚的兴趣，反而比较喜欢的是数学、物理和仪器制造，并且，伽利略还因善于辩论而闻名全校。
伽利略生活的时代，正是欧洲历史上著名的文艺复兴时代，而意大利，正是文艺复兴的发源地。
说到伽利略为整个人类做出的贡献，一定要从全面的角度去分析。历史上他首先在科学实验的基础上融汇贯通了数学、物理学和天文学三门知识，扩大、加深并改变了人类对物质运动和宇宙的认识 。
或许你并不知道，摆针和温度计也是伽利略发明的。在科学上为人类作出过巨大贡献，是近代实验科学的奠基人之一。
世界科学领域对于伽利略的评价非常高：伽利略对17世纪的自然科学和世界观的发展起了重大作用。从伽利略、牛顿开始的实验科学，是近代自然科学的开始。关于伽利略的这些知识，你都知道吗？MALZEMELER
- 2 yemek kaşığı sıvı yağ
- 2 adet soğan
- 1,5 su bardağı pirinç
- 150 gram kıyma
- 1 yemek kaşığı domates salçası
- 15 adet dolmalık biber
- Salçalı su için (1 yemek kaşığı salça ve sıcak su)
- Bir tutam tuz, karabiber, kırmızı biber ( isteğe bağlı)
- 1 adet domates
Hazırlanışı
Tencerenize 2 yemek kaşığı yağınızı koyun, soğanları çok az rengi değişmeyecek şekilde ateşte karıştırın üzerine kıymaları ekleyin. Kıymaların rengi değişene kadar kavurun. Salçayı kavrulan kıymaya döküp karıştırmaya devam edin daha sonra tuzunu, karabiberini, kırmızı biberini üzerine ekleyin ve pirinçleri yıkayıp karışıma ilave edin ve 2 dakika daha kavurun. Daha sonra dolmaların içlerini oyup karışımınızı içerisine doldurun, biber dolmalarının başına kadar dolmamasına özen gösterin. Pilavın piştikten sonra dışarı taşma ihtimali var. Daha sonra domatesi kesip dolma biberlerin üzerine koyun. Daha sonra tencereye yerleştirin.
Kıymalı biber dolması için sıcak su ile domates salçasını karıştırıp sos haline getirip biberlerin üzerine doğru dökün. Daha sonra biberlerin yarısına gelecek şekilde sıcak su ekleyip pişirmeye başlayın.
Pirinçler piştiği zaman biber dolmanızı tencereyi ocaktan alabilirsiniz.
Afiyet olsun!Android'li akıllı telefonlarda Google arama sonuçlarında uygulamaları gizlemek için izlemeniz gereken aşamaları anlatacağız. Android uyumlu Google Search uygulaması bir süre önce kapsamlı bir güncelleme aldı. Artık internette olduğu gibi uygulamalarınızda da arama gerçekleştiriyor. Bu özelliği Apple'ın iOS işletim sistemindeki Spotlight'a benzetebiliriz. Google Search'te beliren Apps sekmesi altında arama yaptığınız kelimelerle eşleşen; akıllı telefonunuzda kurulu uygulamaların verileri sonuç ekranında beliriyor. Örneğin isim aratırken rehberinizde kayıtlı, girdiğiniz isme sahip kişiler de sonuçlar arasında hızlı şekilde görüntüleniyor. Google arama sonuçlarında uygulamaları gizlemek ve yalnızca internette arama yapılmasını istiyor olabilirsiniz. İşlem kolayca halledilebiliyor.
Android: Google Arama Sonuçlarında Uygulamaları Gizlemek
Google Search uygulamasını çalıştırın. Bunu ana ekrandaki ya da uygulama tepsisindeki Google Search simgesine dokunarak yapabilirsiniz.
Sol üst kısımda konumlandırılan hamburger menü simgesine dokunun ve açılan panelden Settings'e girin. Settings ekranında Apps'e dokunun. Apps ekranından Google arama sonuçlarında belirmesini istemediğiniz uygulamaları kolayca devre dışı bırakabiliyorsunuz.
Google Search aracının iOS'teki Spotlight'a benzediğini söylemiştik ancak araçlar arasında bir farklılık bulunmakta: Google Search tüm uygulamalar için arama gerçekleştiremiyor. Müzik aramak, son mesajlarda arama yapmak, rehberde kayıtlı bir kişiye ulaşmak, e-postaları taramak, Google Keep hizmetinde kayıtlı notlar içinde arama yapmak için kullanabiliyorsunuz ama örneğin belli bir tarihte çekilmiş fotoğraflara erişmek ya da Google Drive'a yüklediğiniz dosyaları bulmak için araçtan yararlanamıyorsunuz.Students will be able to write effective lesson plans with clear objectives and appropriate activities and assessments that promote and measure the desired learning for a variety of learners in an English/language arts classroom.
Students will be able to develop a unit plan that shows the ability to integrate all areas of language arts; to correlate unit goals, activities, and assessments; and to show understanding of current best practice.
Students will be able to establish patterns for future professional practices by accessing and evaluating ideas in professional journals and conference presentations.
Context and Assessment
Students will be able to show how context influences good instructional decisions and how a variety of assessments can foster student learning as well as measure it for diverse students.
Students will be develop their ability to improve as teachers in the future by reflecting on their teaching experiences through both talk and writing.
Students will be able to analyze readings to extract main ideas, synthesize readings with their own ideas/experiences and those of others in the classroom, and reach well-supported conclusions.La verità non raccontata dell'ex moglie di Cesar Millan - Ilusion Millan12 gennaio 2020 165
Contenuti
- 1 Primi anni di vita, famiglia, preparazione scolastica
- 2 Chi è Cesar Millan?
- 3 Carriera di Illusion
- 4 Vita personale
- 5 Aspetto
- 6 Patrimonio netto e salario
Primi anni di vita, famiglia, preparazione scolastica
Il produttore televisivo americano, Ilusion Millan (nata Wilson) è nato il 18 settembre 1976, negli Stati Uniti, in una famiglia della classe media - suo padre possedeva un'azienda di macchine di precisione. Ilusion è un cattolico devoto.
Chi è Cesar Millan?
Cesar Felipe Millan Favela, nato il 27 agosto 1969 a Culiacan, in Messico, è un famoso esperto di cani e sussurro. Cesar è cresciuto in una fattoria e sin da giovane ha avuto un rapporto speciale con i cani. Fu soprannominato El Perrero, che significa 'l'uomo cane'. Cesar divenne un immigrato clandestino negli Stati Uniti quando attraversò il confine da solo, a 21 anni, con solo $ 100 a suo nome. Lavorava come pulitore di limousine quando incontrò Ilusion. Il suo ultimo sogno americano era quello di diventare un famoso riabilitatore per cani in difficoltà.
Come hai dato il benvenuto al nuovo anno? # 2020
Un post condiviso da Cesar Millan (@cesarsway) il 2 gennaio 2020 alle 9:21 PST
Il primo lavoro di Cesar con i cani è stato in un negozio di toelettatura per cani. Ha quindi fondato la Pacific Point Canine Academy e uno dei suoi primi clienti nella lista A era Jada Pinkett-Smith. Alcuni anni dopo, Cesar aprì il Dog Psychology Center di Los Angeles, per cani di taglia grande. Da questo successo, cessare ha iniziato a lavorare su un episodio pilota per il suo programma televisivo 'Dog Whisperer', nel 2002. Il pilota è stato mandato in onda nel 2004 sul National Geographic Channel e segue Cesar come riabilitatore di cani. Lo spettacolo è diventato estremamente popolare. Cesar ha diverse attività: gestisce un Dog Psychology Center, una mecca di 43 015 m (43 acri) che ha chiamato 'Disneyland for Dogs'.
La Cesar Millan Incorporation consiste in qualsiasi lavoro al di fuori del suo programma televisivo, secondo il New York Times, compresi gli impegni orali; seminari di leadership esecutiva; una linea di alimenti biologici per cani, acqua fortificata, shampoo e giocattoli ... e la fondazione di beneficenza finanziata da una percentuale non rivelata delle entrate dell'azienda '. Nel 2009, Cesar ha lanciato la rivista 'Cesar's Way', che si concentra sull'addestramento dei cani e sulla costruzione di forti relazioni tra i proprietari e i loro animali domestici. Cesar ha continuato a realizzare una serie di documentari, 'Leader of the Pack', nel 2013, e nel 2014 ha iniziato una nuova serie televisiva, 'Cesar 911'. Cesar ha ricevuto ufficialmente lo status di residente permanente negli Stati Uniti nel 2010.
Guarda il mio ultimo video 'come aiutare un cane che non mangia' sul mio YouTube https://t.co/OKOLUD4Yuu pic.twitter.com/ak7V871GlD
- Cesar Millan (@cesarmillan) 1 gennaio 2020
Nell'agosto 2010, Cesar ha iniziato a frequentare Jahira Dar, commessa della Repubblica Dominicana. Jahira ha 16 anni ed è Cesar, nata nel 1985. La coppia ha annunciato il fidanzamento durante il viaggio ad Atene, in Grecia, il 25 aprile 2016, su Instagram - in un'intervista esclusiva con la rivista People, Cesar ha condiviso che Jahira, 'incarna il principi che apprezzo di più '. Cesar guadagna $ 170.000 al mese, per un totale di $ 2 milioni all'anno e il suo patrimonio netto stimato è di $ 25 milioni.
Carriera di Ilusion
Il primo lavoro di Ilusion è stato come insegnante di scuola materna, ma con la crescita della Cesar Millan Inc., è diventata più coinvolta, la co-CEO della società, ed è stata determinante nel lavoro della società a sostegno delle organizzazioni benefiche che promuovono la salute e il benessere degli animali.
Ha progettato il 'Illusion Collar', che aiuta a controllare i cani difficili, specialmente quando li allena a camminare quando viene attaccato correttamente ai guinzagli. ilusion ha ricoperto il ruolo di coproduttore esecutivo e produttore associato di 'Dog Whisperer' dal 2006-2012, durante il quale ha lavorato a oltre 55 episodi in otto stagioni, ed è persino apparsa in alcuni. Lo spettacolo ha avuto molto successo, attirando milioni di spettatori e alla fine è stato trasmesso in oltre 80 paesi. Nel 2009, 'Dog Whisperer' è stato nominato per un Primetime Emmy Award nella categoria 'Outstanding Reality Program'.
In seguito al divorzio nel 2010, la 'Fondazione Millar Cesar e Ilusion' è stata ribattezzata 'Fondazione Millan'.
Ilusion ha collaborato con la Yale University per creare Mutt-i-Grees - un curriculum basato sugli insegnamenti di Cesar - per guidare i bambini piccoli su come trattare, interagire e prendersi cura degli animali, in particolare degli animali domestici.
Vita privata
Quando Ilusion aveva 17 anni, vide Cesar Millan attraversare la folla su una pista di pattinaggio e sapeva che voleva sposarlo. All'epoca Cesar aveva 24 anni e viveva in un monolocale con sei cani. Un amico ha avvertito Cesar che poteva essere arrestato o addirittura espulso per uscire con una ragazza minorenne, così ha scelto di interrompere la loro relazione. In un'intervista, Ilusion ricorda quando lo visitò nel suo appartamento, 'Sono venuto alla porta e ho premuto il campanello, e ha detto,' Non posso più vederti. ' Mi ha ucciso. Tuttavia, quella non era la fine del loro amore.
Nel 1994, in occasione del diciottesimo compleanno di Ilusion, andò di nuovo a casa di Cesar e i due iniziarono a frequentarsi. Ilusion presto rimase incinta, non pianificata, il che spinse Cesar a proporre, e si sposarono rapidamente: Cesar aveva 25 anni e Ilusion aveva 18 anni. Cesar pagò per il matrimonio e lavò persino la limousine in cui erano arrivati dopo la cerimonia. Vivevano insieme a Los Angeles, in California. Nel 1995, Ilusion ha dato alla luce il loro primo figlio, il figlio Andre Millan. Un anno dopo, Ilusion è quasi morto per problemi alla cistifellea e ha subito un intervento chirurgico di emergenza. Cesar non l'ha visitata in ospedale fino a pochi giorni dopo l'intervento chirurgico e la sua breve visita è durata solo due ore. Vide i suoi problemi di salute come un fastidio e si concentrò sul suo lavoro quando tornò a casa.
Pubblicato da Millan-Wilson Illusion su Lunedì 5 maggio 2014
Cesar in seguito disse di aver trattato Ilusion come aveva visto suo padre e gli zii curare le donne, concentrandosi solo sugli aspetti negativi e cercando di mantenerla 'calma e sottomessa'. Poco dopo, Ilusion lasciò la casa con Andre e diede a Cesar un ultimatum riguardo al loro matrimonio: fu scioccato. Cesar acconsentì alla consulenza matrimoniale e il loro matrimonio durò per altri 15 anni, durante i quali Ilusion diede alla luce il loro secondo figlio, Calvin, nel 2001. Cesar spesso chiamava Ilusion suo sussurro uomo e definiva sua moglie una grande mente imprenditoriale. ' Acconsentendo, Ilusion una volta disse: 'Siamo ciò che chiamo Mr Talent e Mrs Brains. Non puoi averne uno senza l'altro. ' Al che Cesar disse: 'Mia moglie mi ha riabilitato'.
Nel luglio 2010, Ilusion ha chiesto il divorzio in base a differenze inconciliabili. Alcuni mesi dopo, Cesar ha tentato il suicidio a causa del dolore della richiesta di divorzio di Ilusion e della morte del suo cane, papà. Finalizzata il 21 aprile 2012, secondo TMZ, ha ricevuto un pagamento una tantum di $ 400.000, un alimento mensile di circa $ 30.000 e altri $ 10.000 per il mantenimento mensile dei figli. Anche Ilusion ha ricevuto la piena custodia di Andre e Calvin, ma i ragazzi rimangono vicini ad entrambi i genitori. Ilusion e Cesar insistono sul fatto che sono ancora amici e si impegnano a fondo nella collaborazione. Ironia della sorte, prima del divorzio, c'era un pilota televisivo per uno spettacolo
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on slips of paper. I usually try to write about 20 questions. On 5 or so slips of paper just write KABOOM!!! The students pick questions one by one. If they answer the question correctly, they keep the paper. If they can’t answer it, it goes back into the container. If they pull a slip that says KABOOM!!! they have to put all their slips of paper back into the container.
Put on chair up against the board, facing the rest of the students. Write a word on the board behind the student, making sure they do not see it. The rest of the class has to give the student clues to help them guess the word. You can also play this with teams, with two chairs at the board. First one to guess the word wins a point for their team.
This is a great game for learning the conditional ‘if’ and getting your students up and moving in class. Move the desks as out of the way as possible, and put the students chairs in a circle. Make sure there is one less chair than the number of students. The student with no chair, stands in the middle and says “Change chairs if…” and makes something up. For example, “Change chairs if you have glasses.” or “Change chairs if you are wearing sandals” Any student that has whatever they say must get up and change chairs with another student. The person in the middle tries to steal a chair. Whoever is left without a chair is then in the middle to make the next “change chairs.” This game gets the same caution. Because the students are at a higher level, they are usually a little less likely to hurt each other, but in their enthusiasm, chairs can tip, and students can fall over. I only play this game with between 5 and 6 students. Sometimes 7 or 8 if I think they can do it without hurting each other.
Those are probably the 8 games I play most frequently, other than flash card games or board games that I make. Making board games and flash cards are my bread and butter though. A little bit of card stock goes a long way in my classroom.شهر ساسکاتون تصمیم گرفته است تا در سال 2023 به جای اینکه مانند سال های گذشته در گلخانه شهر کشت کند، تمام گیاهان این شهر را از یک گلخانه عمده فروشی دریافت کند.
تاسیسات گلخانه ای ساسکاتون که توسط دپارتمان پارک ها اداره می شود، در سال 1958 ساخته شد و تخت های گل، گلدان ها و نمایش های داخلی مانند تالار شهر را در اختیار شهر قرار می دهد.
Troy LaFreniere، مدیر مدیریت تاسیسات، گفت: “این در حال رسیدن به پایان عمر مفید خود است.” در آن زمان، هیچ چیز، تا همین اواخر، احتمال یک موضوع مهم و خطرات ساختاری کوتاه مدت را نشان نداده بود.»
گزارش اطلاع رسانی کمیته شهر حاکی از آن است که گلخانه مملو از چوب های پوسیده، ترک خوردگی و ریزش شیشه است و ثابت می کند که در زمستان برای حمایت از بارش برف مشکل دارد.After using beta-blockers as the drug of choice to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) for 30 years, doctors have finally been warned that the drugs are ineffective and dangerous.
The drugs come with ‘an unacceptable risk’ of causing type 2 diabetes, and they are only half as effective as newer hypertension drugs such as the ACE inhibitors, according to practice guidelines issued by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) last month.
The announcement, described as the ‘most significant’ in NICE’s history, was forced on the advisory group by reports last autumn that beta-blockers had killed tens of thousands of hypertension patients when a more benign and effective therapy was available.
The dangers of beta-blockers were already being highlighted 16 years ago.
One study discovered that hypertension patients who suddenly stopped taking a beta-blocker were very likely to suffer a heart attack and death (JAMA, 1990; 263), while another study, published eight years ago, discovered they were no more effective than a sugar pill (JAMA, 1998; 279: 1903–7).
But it has been the continued revelations from ASCOT (Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial) that finally forced NICE’s hand. ASCOT, which recruited 19,257 hypertension patients aged between 40 and 79 years, has been pointing out for years both the dangers and shortcomings of the beta-blockers, but NICE decided to form a review committee only after a damning study was published in September 2005 (Lancet, 2005; 366: 895–906).
This trial established that the beta-blockers were reducing the risk of stroke by 19 per cent compared with the 38 per cent effectiveness of the ACE inhibitors. Beta-blockers were also responsible for the deaths of 3 per cent more patients than other anti-hypertensives.
Beta-blockers (beta-adrenergic antagonists) are designed to decrease the heart’s need for blood and oxygen by reducing its workload. They also help the heart to beat more regularly.
Nobel prize winner Sir James Black developed the drug in the 1950s as a way of combating heart diseases such as angina after he realized that adrenaline, our ‘fight or flight’ hormone, puts a sudden demand on the heart.
Beta-Blockers: The Side Effects
- dryness of the mouth, eyes and skin
- wheezing, breathing difficulties,
shortness of breath
- slow heartbeat
- sleep problems
- swelling of the hands and feet
- intestinal problems, such as
- diarrhoea or constipation
- back or joint pain
- skin rash
- sore throat
- memory loss, confusion
Adrenaline triggers the release of glucose reserves into the blood. They bind to receptors on the membrane of the heart cells that cause the heart to beat faster. The hormone also constricts arteries to increase the rate at which blood is pumped around the body.
It took another ten years before the first beta-blocker—propranolol—was licensed for use. Ironically, Black and his team at Glasgow never developed it as an antihypertensive, but it was quickly used as this and for many other conditions that can be worsened by a sudden restriction of the arteries.
Within just a few years of it appearing on the market, propranolol was being used to treat migraine, glaucoma, tremor, hyperthyroidism, and performance anxiety and enhancement.
Propranolol quickly established itself as the beta-blocker for all ills. Not surprisingly, the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) each year receives reports of 2.4 million adverse reactions to the drug in the USA alone, and 1,184 fatalities associated with the drug.
Tragically, it is also the ‘drug of choice’ for people attempting suicide, while its widespread use means that almost every home has some, and 510 children under the age of six die every year after swallowing drugs prescribed for their parents.
What now for the beta-blocker? The drug industry has a wonderful way of reinventing drugs that have been finally discredited, and the beta-blockers are no exception.
One researcher at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, believes they could be the answer to osteoporosis. Prof Gerard Karsenty believes that the drug could block bone destruction (Nature, 20 Feb 2005), a theory that has been supported by another trial, which found that people taking beta-blockers also suffered fewer fractures (JAMA, 2004; 292: 1326–32).
And psychiatrists at Cornell University believe they could be used to help suppress disturbing memories in people who witnessed a traumatic event such as 9/11 or the London terrorist bombings. Propanolol has the ability to block the neurotransmitters involved in laying down memory, and so it could be used for victims of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the researchers postulate.
The Cornell team wants to recruit 60 volunteers who would be prepared to take the drug whenever they experienced a PTSD symptom, such as increased heart rate or breathing difficulties.
It’s a therapy that has not been met with universal approval.
Dr Paul McHugh, a psychiatrist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, says: “If soldiers did something that ended up with children getting killed, do you want to give them beta-blockers so that they can do it again?”La Cnn riporta che fino a “questa mattina”, ora della Costa Orientale Usa, sono stati lanciati dalla Russia contro l’Ucraina almeno 250 missili. Secondo quanto riporta la Cnn la notizia è stata diramata alla stampa da un dirigente della Difesa americana.
I russi continuano a colpire “le infrastrutture civili e le aree residenziali” con questi lanci, ha aggiunto il funzionario.
Finora, non ci sono “indicazioni” che le forze russe abbiano “assunto il controllo di nessuna città.Burak Pasa
ASKERLE GÜREŞ
Bir gezisinde, Kolordu binasının kapısında aslan yapılı bir Mehmetçik gördü. Çağırdı ve güler yüzle sordu:
- Sen güreş bilir misin?
Yanındakilerden en kuvvetli görünenlerle Mehmetçiği güreştirdi. Genç asker her zaman üstün geliyordu. Çok neşelendi, ayağa fırladı.
Ceketini çıkarıp Mehmet'e ense tuttu:
- Haydi, bir de benimle güreş!
Katıksız ve temiz Anadolu çocuğu Ata'sının yüzüne hayranlıkla baktı:
- "Atam," dedi. "Senin sırtını yedi düvel yere getiremedi. Bir Mehmet mi bu işi başarır?"
Gözleri doldu ve ağlamamak için gülmeye çalıştı.
Tahsin UZER
Kaynak: Millet Dergisi, 1946
TÜRK ORDULARI BAŞKUMANDANIYIM
Afyonkarahisar'ın hatlarının çözülmesi sonunda birkaç Yunanlı tutsak, geceleyin Mustafa Kemal'in çadırına getirilmişti. Bunlardan birisi, Muzaffer Generalin doğup büyümüş olduğu Selanik'ten gelmişti. Yüz, kendisine yabancı gelmediğinden ve üniformasında da hiçbir bellilik görmediğinden kim olduklarını ve rütbelerini sormaya başlamıştı.
- Binbaşı mısınız?
- Hayır.
- Albay mı?
- Hayır.
- Korgeneral mi?
- Hayır.
- Peki nesiniz?
- Ben Mareşal ve Türk Orduları Başkomutanıyım! Şaşkınlıktan ağzı açık kalan Yunanlı kekeledi:
- Bir başkomutanın savaş hattına bu kadar yakın yerlerde dolaşması işitilmiş değil de!..
General SHERRIL
HATAY
1923 yılı Mart’ının On Beşi Pazar günüydü Atatürk, Adana İstasyonu’nda trenden inmiş; sağı solu dolduran halkın coşkun alkışları, “Yaşa varol!” sesleri arasında yaya olarak kente giriyordu
Yarı yolda karalar giymiş bir kadın kalabalığı göze çarptı; sonra onların arasından ikişer levha taşıyan dört genç kız çıktı; Atatürk’ün önünde durdular Arkalarından bir kız daha göründü ve önüne geçti Hıçkırıklar, iniltiler ve yalvarışlarla dolu bir nutuk söylemeye başladı Bu genç kızın kişiliğinde henüz tutsak bulunan İskenderun’la Antakya’nın Türk olan bütün halkı:
“Bizi de kurtar” diye yalvarıyordu
Herkesin gözleri yaşarmıştı, hıçkırıklarını tutamayanlar vardı.
Atatürk’ün de gözleri nemliydi ve başı eğilmiş gibiydi Genç kızın nutku bitince Atatürk’ün alnı yükseldi; mavi gözlerinde ve pembe yüzünde bir çelik parıltısı görüldü Her kelimesi üzerinde kuvvetle durarak:
-Kırk asırlık Türk yurdu yabancı elinde kalamaz! dedi
On altı yıl sonra Hatay sorunun en heyecanlı günlerinde, hasta ve bitkin olmasına rağmen, Hatay’a yakın olmak için tekrar Adana’ya gitti Dört saat ayakta durmak, birliklerin geçidini izlemek gibi olağanüstü bir dayanıklılık gösterdi Hatay kurtuldu, fakat Atatürk’ü yitirdik.
İsmail Habib, bu konuyu şöyle bitirir:
“Hatay, Hatay! Seni kurtaran, aynı zamanda senin şehidin oldu!”
M.A.ÖNEN, Atatürk’ü Anlamak, s83-84
Kaynak: General Sherril - Atatürk Nezdinde Bir Yıl Elçilik, 1935
Bayraga saygi
30 Ağustos 1922 günü sabahı Başkumandan Mustafa Kemal cephede dolaşırken binlerce insan ve hayvan cesedi karşısında duygulanmış ve şunları söylemişti:
- Bu korkunç manzara bütün insanlığı utandırabilir. Ama bu, meşru bir vatan savunmasının doğal sonucudur. Fakat Türkler başka milletlerin vatanlarına aynı şeyi yapmayacaklardır. Bizi buna zorladılar.
Yerde yatan bir Yunan bayrağını görünce de:
- Bunu yerden kaldırınız, bayrak, dedi, bir milletin bağımsızlık sembolüdür. Düşmanın da olsa saygı gerekir.
Kaynak: H.BESLEYİCİ, Atamız Atatürk, s.114-115.
Sapka
Atatürk sağ iken, büyük İslam kongrelerinden birine biz de çağrılmıştık. Kongre Mekke’de toplanacaktı. Atatürk’ün bir delege göndermeye razı olup olmayacağını merak ediyorduk.
Hiç tereddütsüz karar verdi. Türklüğünden kibir denecek kadar gurur duyan büyük adam, milleti ile aynı dinden olanları da gerilik ve kölelikten kurtulmuş görmek için elinden geleni yapmak istemiştir. Müslümanlık yeniden şereflendikçe nasıl Türklerin bundan manevi bir hissesi olacaksa, on milyonlarca Müslüman ya geri, ya köle kaldıkça bundan Türklere de bir utanç payı düşmemek ihtimali var mıydı?
Biliyordu ki Mekke’ye şapka ile gidilemez. Fakat daha iyi biliyordu ki başlık ve kıyafet değiştirmekle din değiştirileceğini zanneden bir toplum ne gerilik, ne de kölelikten sıyrılabilir. Milletvekillerinden Edip Servet Tör’ü çağırdı:
- Mekke’ye gidip beni temsil edeceksin, dedi. Türk’sün ve Müslüman’sın. Türklük, Müslümanlığın öncüsü ve kılavuzudur. Müslüman milletleri uygarlaşmaktan alıkoyan batıl inançları yıkmak için Mekke’ye şapka ile gireceksin. Kara taassup seni parçalamağa bile kalksa, başını vereceksin, fakat eğilmeyeceksin.
Edip Servet Tör, Mekke’ye şapka ile girdi. Müslüman delegelerin en fazla itibarlısı o idi. Kongrenin sonuna kadar, Mustafa Kemal mucizesine hayranlık duyan heyetler arasında, Kemalist Türkiye’yi efendice temsil etti.
Kaynak: B.K. ÇAĞLAR, Atatürk Denizinden Damlalar, s.245
Cumhuriyetin ilanini Mustafa Kemal Ataturk` un agzindan dinlemis miydiniz?
Buyrun!
http://www.hikayeler.net/ataturk-kosesi/ataturk-videolari/ataturk-anlatiyor-cumhuriyetin-ilani.asp
V + S cok gormezsiniz diye dusunuyorum...
O que é isso?Estás a ler um artigo escrito por um cidadão do eRepublik, um imersivo jogo de estratégia baseado nos países do mundo real. Cria uma personagem e ajuda o teu país a alcançar a glória, enquanto te tornas num herói de guerra, num editor reconhecido ou num guru das finanças.هم خانواده کلمه تکبیر؛ کبیر، اکبر و اکابر است.
واژه تکبیر از ریشه واژه کبر به معنی بزرگ بر گرفته شده است و ریشه در زبان عربی دارد. معادل این واژه در زبان فارسی ، بزرگ شمردن خداوند و گفتن عبارت الله اکبر است.
در سخنرانی های نماز جمعه بیشترین استفاده از این واژه مابین نماز گذاران است. مترادف های این واژه شامل؛ بزرگ شمردن خداوند، الله اکبر گفتن، پروردگار را به بزرگی و احدیت یاد نمودن است.
فرهنگ معین معنی این واژه را؛ الله اکبر گفتن و بزرگ شمردن می داند. واژه تکبیر در لغت نامه دهخدا به معنی ؛ کلان و بزرگ گردانیدن چیزی و یا بزرگی شمردن و یا صفت کردن آن و پروردگار را به بزرگی یاد کردن است.
فرهنگ عمید نیز این واژه را به معنی ؛ الله اکبر گفتن، بزرگ شمردن و بزرگ کردن آورده است. فرهنگ واژه های فارسی هوشیار نیز به بزرگ گردانیدن کسی یا چیزی و به یاد کردن خداوند به بزرگی در معنی واژه تکبیر اشاره شده است.C'era una volta un ruolo tanto agognato, quello del portabandiera alle Olimpiadi. Per un atleta, qualsiasi atleta, avere la possibilità di poter guidare la propria rappresentativa durante a sfilata degli atleti ai Giochi Olimpici è un sogno che si coltiva fin da bambino, e che in pochi sono riusciti a coronare. E poi c'è che questo ruolo non lo vuole recitare, perchè "il calendario Olimpico è penalizzante: la sfilata olimpica dura mezza giornata e sette ore sulle gambe non si recuperano facilmente" [fonte www.sportmediaset.it]. A pronunciare queste parole è stata Federica Pellegrini, la quale ha poi aggiunto che sarebbe molto felice se il ruolo toccasse a Valentina Vezzali per ciò che a fatto per lo sport italiano. Certamente non una dimostrazione di stile, per una che dello stile (libero) ha fatto la sua ragione di vita. Io non sono un estimatore della donna Federica Pellegrini (pur riconoscendole il suo status di Fenomeno nel nuoto), e ho sempre pensato che un bagno di umiltà potesse non guastarle
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93–127.
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Wu, Y., Trepanowski, N. F., Molongoski, J. J., Reagel, P. F., Lingafelter, S. W., Nadel, H., Myers, S. W., Ray, A. M. (2017). Scientific Reports volume7, Article number: 40316. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40316.
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Yuan, M. L., Zhang, Q. L., Guo, Z. L., Wang, J., & Shen, Y. Y. (2015a). Comparative mitogenomic analysis of the superfamily Pentatomoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and phylogenetic implications. BMC Genomics, 16(1), 460.
Yuan, M. L., Zhang, Q. L., Guo, Z. L., Wang, J., & Shen, Y. Y. (2015b). The complete mitochondrial genome of Corizus tetraspilus (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) and phylogenetic analysis of Pentatomomorpha. PLoS One, 10(6), e0129003.
Yuan, M. L., Zhang, Q. L., Zhang, L., Guo, Z. L., Liu, Y. J., Shen, Y. Y., & Shao, R. (2016). High-level phylogeny of the Coleoptera inferred with mitochondrial genome sequences. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 104, 99–111.
The authors are thankful to the head of Department of Zoology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara for providing lab facilities to carry out the present work.
This is a study performed by corresponding authors and her group (other authors) and has not taken any funding from any of the agencies.
Availability of data and materials
Please contact the author(s) for data requests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
All the insects collected were according to the laws of India, and none of the collected species were in the IUCN red list. We declare that we do not need ethical clearance for the present diversity and phylogeny work.
Consent for publication
Not applicable to the present study.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Table S1. Pairwise computation of distance of individual species using MEGA7 software (DOCX 44 kb)
Table S2. The sequence obtained was subjected to barcode gap analysis that represented the distance to nearest neighbor (NN). The barcode gap analysis was performed in BOLD v.4to find the nearest neighbor distance using K2P parameter. The overall mean distance was reported to be 35.95% in the present study (DOCX 11 kb)
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Cite this article
Singhal, S., Thakkar, B., Pandya, P. et al. Unraveling the diversity, phylogeny, and ecological role of cryptic Coleopteran species of Vadodara district: a first comparative approach from India. JoBAZ 79, 53 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-018-0062-2"If we don't change the direction soon, we'll end up where we're going." Irwin Corey
AI technologies are forecast to add USD 15 trillion to the global economy by 2030. At this moment, around the world, at least 50 countries (including the EU as a whole) have developed, or are in the process of developing, a national AI strategy. Of these, 36 have (or plan to have) either separate strategies in place for public sector AI, or a dedicated focus embedded within a broader strategy.
This means it is quite safe to state that artificial intelligence is far from being a novelty for most individuals around the globe. It also shows that the new technology is already impacting, to a significant extent actually, the way we act as humans in general, and as users of digital products in particular.
AI-powered tools are integrated into various businesses from different areas, ranging from retail and education, to the medical system, cybersecurity and even the defense sector. With so many advancements and considering the effort and investments that the governments put into adopting and further developing AI, it is only normal that we ask ourselves: should this be regulated? Is there a standard we should have in mind when building AI products? Should there be laws, government accountability and corporate transparency?
What is regulation and why would AI need to be regulated?
Regulation of businesses also existed in the ancient Egyptian, Indian, Greek, and Roman civilizations. Modern regulation, however, can be traced back to the 19th and 20th century, when much of the ruling in the US was handled and enforced by regulatory agencies which produced their own administrative laws and procedures under the authority of statutes.
New technologies and groundbreaking discoveries or innovations have always called for new regulations or amendments to the existing ones. And, as with any other change, opinions are divided when it comes to the benefits of regulation. Some believe it hinders progress and is an impediment to corporate and small-business profits and a waste of resources. Others see it as a great way to protect individuals or businesses and to address the potential unintended consequences of disruption. The truth is that regulation should be able to maintain a balance between doing these while also fostering innovation.
With regard to AI, there are a lot of voices calling for such a regulation that would prevent governments and any other businesses from using the technology to their advantage. For instance, Bill Gates, who believes AI will “allow us to produce a lot more goods and services with less labor,” expects labor force dislocations and has suggested a robot tax. Elon Musk, who is well-known for his warnings about AI and its threat to the existence of human civilization, calls for proactive regulation “before it is too late.”
But why would we need to regulate AI? Why not let the technology follow its course and turn into this unprecedented, amazing tool?
1. AI can be both good and evil
Artificial intelligence has indeed proven it can bring unexpected benefits to numerous sectors. From less boring and time consuming jobs, decreased costs, improved quality and performance, better decision-making processes, to more accurate and faster medical diagnostics as well as early detection of cancer and other chronic diseases, AI turns out to be a great ally in improving our lives.
But it is not all rainbows and sunshine. AI can also be biased, manipulative and inconsistent. There were numerous cases in which AI was used for targeted political adverts - remember Facebook and Cambridge Analytica who served up manipulative fake news stories to people based on their psychological profiles.
2. Machines make mistakes too
And this is not actually the real problem. The problem is that, most of the times, we tend to believe that an algorithm is always right, because it's all mathematics and logic. Well, this is not even remotely true. In her book "Hello World", Hannah Fry presents a series on interesting events in which algorithms were misleading, but humans decided to trust them blindly. For instance, on March 22nd 2009, a man almost drove off a cliff because his GPS told him it had found a shortcut to his house. Although the road was narrow and full of dirt, the man stated he had no reason not to trust his TomTom sat-nav. In other shocking examples, she presents how some algorithms used in the judicial system have allowed judges to wrongfully convict several citizens.
3. Ethics is a big conundrum
Ethics in artificial intelligence has been long debated. Sadly, we still have no final decision or course of action on this.
A few years ago, five technology giants have joined forces to create an ethics standard for AI. Researchers from Alphabet, Amazon, Facebook, IBM and Microsoft have met to discuss the most tangible issues, such as the impact of AI on employment, transport and even wars. Furthermore, Google employees pledged to not use AI for military applications.
Yet, people are still wandering whether or not AI will be used to power warfare or how we should address the subject of driverless cars.
What is currently being done?
Experts, researchers, governments and other AI enthusiasts are becoming aware of the fact that the future development of machine learning, NLP, deep learning etc, could easily get out of control.
We are already starting to see different groups that want to impose certain regulation on how this technology is used. The main purpose of this is to make sure AI will benefit people, not cause them harm - voluntarily or not.
In 2015, a thousand experts, including physicist Stephen Hawking, the co-founder of Apple, Steve Wozniak, Elon Musk, co-creator of PayPal, linguist Noam Chomsky, and Demis Hassabis, chief executive of Google’s AI company, signed a petition that was drawing attention to the dangers of artificial intelligence and demanded it be regulated.
Furthermore, President Trump’s executive order, “Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence,” calls for a coordinated approach to regulation of AI. The strategy is based on five principles:
· Driving technological breakthroughs
· Developing appropriate technical standards
· Training a workforce for the future
· Fostering public trust and confidence
· Ensuring international trade of AI-enabled products
Although all these initiatives are not enough to regulate the field of AI, they represent a promising start. It is clear artificial intelligence needs regulation and that almost everyone seems to be on board with this idea. The question that still remains now is - can AI be regulated?
The Stanford project, "A study into one hundred years of Artificial Intelligence" is a report published by a group of experts from Stanford University led by Eric Horvitz, a Microsoft researcher. The authors claim it will be impossible to regulate AI.
“The consensus of the study agrees that attempts to regulate AI in general would be an error, since there is no clear definition of what AI is (it’s not just one thing), and the risks and considerations to bear in mind are very different for the different domains”. The Stanford project, "A study into one hundred years of Artificial Intelligence"
Talking about arms control, Henry Kissinger, former US secretary of state, believes it may be a lot harder to control the development of AI weapons than nuclear ones.
Indeed, AI will be difficult to regulate as a whole, because it is too diverse and has its own way of developing and pushing through the known boundaries. However, this does not mean that we should stop trying. AI is the technology of the future so we need to understand and manage it if we want to have a harmonious human-machine relation.
At this point, no one holds the correct answer related to regulation of artificial intelligence, but we'll continue our part in making everyone aware of the economic, social and humanitarian implications of AI.
In the end, we leave you with an interesting report about the AI readiness level of governments around the world.Habitatı ve Anavatanı: Güney Dogu Asya – Puntius tetrazona (Tetrazon)
Beslenme Biçimi: Hem etçil, hem otçul
Davranış Biçimi: Agresif
Kendi Türlerine Davranışı: Orta derecede agresif
Üreme: Düz yumurta dökerler, yumurtaları ayırmak için akvaryum tabanına iki sira misket serilebilir.
Sıcaklık: 23-26 °C
En Fazla Büyüdüğü Boy: 7,5 cm
Su Sertliği: Orta
pH: 6-7
Genel Yorum: Çok hareketli balıklardır, akvaryumdaki diğer balıklara rahatsızlık verebilirler. Akıntıya karşı yüzmeyi severler.Diğer balıkların kuyruklarını ısırdığı için karma akvaryumda bulundurulması risklidir. Doğada batalık sularında bulunması sudaki değişimlere dayanıklı olduğunu gösterir. Tetrazonlar gruplar halinde yaşamayı sever ve en az yarım düzinelik bir sürü oluşturmaları gerekir. Ancak yine de diğer balıkların kuyruklarını ısırmayacaklarının garantisi yoktur.
Eğer akvaryumda başka balıklar bulundurulmak isteniyorsa hızlı yüzen balıklar tercih edilmelidir. Özellikle beta, gurami ve melek balığı gibi yavaş yüzen ve uzun kuyruklu tropik balıklarla aynı akvaryuma koyulmaması gerekir.ممکن است گیاهانی که در خاک بالا مشاهده می کنید دی ابتدا خیلی جالب و عالی به نظر نرسند اما این یک گام بزرگ در اکتشافات فضایی است.
دانه های پنبه یا کتان، که در ماموریت Chang’e-4 چین به سمت دیگر ماه منتقل شده اند، اکنون رشد کرده اند، و این اولین بار است که گیاهی بر روی سطح ماه رشد کرده است.
ممکن است شما تصور کنید که آنها کاملا با سطح ماه در تماس نیستند.
و این درست است.
این دانه پنبه پوشانده شده با ترکیبات خاص، همراه با مخمر، خاک و تجهیزات لازم به جای آن در داخل یک محیط خود تقویتی بیوسفری، مهر و موم شده است که محیط زیست و تغذیه مناسب را برای دانه فراهم می کند.
این هنوز زمان لازم دارد تا به طور کلی ثبت شود.
چین باید نشان دهد که گیاهان می توانند در آن فضا رشد کنند و این بدان معنی نیست که با یک درجه حرارت بسیار متفاوت و گرانش کمتر به رشد خود ادامه دهند.
فضاپیما ارسالی باید تغییرات چشمگیر را برای حفظ شرایط محیط زیستی و حفظ نسبتا سازگاری با محیط داخلی خود را به همراه داشته باشد.
حتی با این چالش ها، این نشان دهنده یک نقطه عطف مهم و بزرگ است.
این نشان می دهد که فضانوردان می توانند فرصت واقعی برای رشد گیاهان را در مأموریت ها برای استفاده از مواد غذایی، نفت و دیگر منابع در اختیار داشته باشند و بتوانند یک منبع مناسب غذایی را برای خود در فضا در اختیار داشته باشند.
این همچنین می تواند بار محموله ارسالی برای ماموریت های طولانی مدت در ماه و مریخ را کمتر کند و همینطور می تواند پس از آنکه برخی منابع اولیه تمام شدند نیز مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.
اما در کل مزارع فرازمینی در سطح سیاره ها دور از دسترس هستند، اما بعد از این دستاوردها حداقل می توان گفت که در افق قرار دارند.
برای مطالعه بیشتر ببینید که کاوشگر های فضایی چینی در ماه از یکدیگر عکس می گیرند و یا کاوشگر چینی به سمت تاریک یا سمت دور ماه می رود.گروه های حشدالشعبی، فاطمیون و عوامل حزب الله بدون مجوز و اطلاع مجلس وارد ایران شده اند
در پی ورود غیرقانونی گروه های شبه نظامی تحت حمایت سپاه از جمله گروه هایی از حشد الشعبی، فاطمیون و نیروهای وابسته به حزب الله لبنان، به مناطقی از اهواز، خرمشهر، آبادان و بخش هایی از ایلام و دهلران، تایباد در خراسان و بخشی از سیستان و بلوچستان، جمعی از کارگزاران حکومتی در مجلس عنوان کرده اند که، ورود نیروهای نظامی خارجی در قالب کمک به مناطق سیل زده، غیرقانونی بوده است.
در همین ارتباط، نماینده شیراز در مجلس بیان داشت که، ورود گروه هایی با ماهیت نظامی، بر اساس اصل ۱۴۶ قانون اساسی و اگر همین گروه در قالب کمک و همکاری دو کشور صورت بگیرد، بر پایه اصل ۱۲۵ قانون اساسی میبآیست با مجوز مجلس و تائید رئیس جمهوری باشد.
لازم به ذکر است که، پس از سیل اخیر در ایران، سپاه بدون هماهنگی با هیچکدام از نهادهای حکومتی، با هدف سرکوب اعتراضات مردمی در مناطق سیل زده، اقدام به ورود یکجانبه نیروهای تندرو و افراطی تحت حمایت خود به مناطق مختلفی از ایران کرده است.Switch Grass, Panicum
A native of the prairie grasslands, switch grass naturalizes equally well in an informal border and a natural meadow.
Switch grass thrives in full sun, light shade or partial shade. The soil should be of low fertility and well drained, though this grass adapts to moist or dry soils and tolerates conditions ranging from heavy clay to lighter sandy soil.
The flower stems may break under heavy, wet snow or in exposed, windy sites. Cut switch grass back to 4–6" from the ground in early spring.
Plant switch grass singly in small gardens or in large groups in spacious borders or at the edges of ponds or pools for a dramatic, whimsical effect. The seed heads attract birds, and the foliage changes color in fall, so place this plant where you can enjoy both features.
P. virgatum is suited to wild meadow gardens. It comes in both blue and red varieties. Some of its popular blue cultivars include ‘Heavy Metal,’ an upright plant with narrow, steely blue foliage flushed with gold and burgundy in fall, and ‘Prairie Sky,’ an arching plant with deep blue foliage. ‘Shenandoah’ is a small, compact selection with red-tinged, green foliage that turns burgundy in fall.
Features: clumping habit; green, blue or burgundy foliage; airy panicles of flowers; fall color; winter interest
Hardiness: zones 3–9
Notes: Switch grass’ delicate, airy panicles fill gaps in the garden border and can be cut for fresh or dried arrangements.固关长城在平地县城下高速2公里就到了，门票50元，没有淡旺季之分，六十岁以上半票，七十岁以上免票，长城游览人不多，看上去除古驿道和藏兵器的楼是旧的，其余应该是新的，国道307横穿长城，爬山去不累，作为周末放松一下的好去处。以下内容是betway必威体育appbetway必威官网登陆到阳泉固关长城价格及攻略。
固关长城，由古建筑学专家罗哲文先生亲笔题字，这段长城也是在罗先生的帮助下依靠当地民间力量逐渐修复的。大明嘉靖年间筑此长城，原址应在其东的旧关村。现已基本复原南段和北段部分共计五千余米，虽然建造水平远逊大明，但仍蔚然壮观。固关，本为故关，改名
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’s Record: The Diaries and Journals of Joseph Smith, edited by Scott H. Faulring (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1989), 51.
9 Autobiographical and Historical Writings, vol. 1 of The Papers of Joseph Smith, edited by Dean C. Jessee (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1989), 431.
10 Ibid., 431-432.
11 Orson Pratt, Interesting Account of Several Remarkable Visions, and of the Late Discovery of Ancient American Records (Edinburgh: Ballantyne and Hughes, 1840), 14-15.
12 For details, see John L. Sorenson and Matthew Roper, “Before DNA,” Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 12/1 (2003): 11-13.
13 “Facts Are Stubborn Things,” Times and Seasons 3 (15 September 1842): 922.
14 Hugh Nibley, Lehi in the Desert, The World of the Jaredites, There Were Jaredites (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book and FARMS, 1988), 250. While Joseph Smith was nominal editor of the paper, John Taylor was likely the acting editor at this time. For our present purpose the identity of the author is of less concern than the idea of additional migrations to the New World not specifically mentioned in the Book of Mormon.
15 “Discovery of America, above three hundred yeeres before Columbus, by Madoc ap Owen Gwyneth,” Deseret News, 3 April 1852, 44.
16 Orson Pratt, in Journal of Discourses, 12:343 (27 December 1868), emphasis added.
17 George M. Ottinger, “Old America: The Phoenicians,” Juvenile Instructor 10 (6 February 1875): 33.
18 Plain Facts for Students of the Book of Mormon, with a Map of the Promised Land (n.p., [ca. 1887]), 3. Although the document is undated, the writer speaks of President John Taylor as being alive and cites a letter from President Taylor to an unnamed member in Logan City, Utah, dated 20 November 1886 (ibid., 4). John Taylor died on 25 July 1887.
19 Ibid., 4n.
20 Ibid., 4.
21 B.H. Roberts, New Witnesses for God (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1909), 2:356. Years later, Bruce R. McConkie of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles spoke in similar terms: “The American IndiansÖas Columbus found them,” he said, “also had other blood than that of Israel in their veins. ÖIt is quite apparent that groups of orientals found their way over the Bering Strait and gradually moved southward to mix with the Indian peoples. We have records of a colony of Scandinavians attempting to set up a settlement in America some 500 years before Columbus. There are archeological indications that an unspecified number of groups of people probably found their way from the old to the new world in pre-Columbian times. Out of all these groups would have come the American Indians as they were discovered in the 15th century.” Bruce R. McConkie, Mormon Doctrine (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 1973), 33. McConkie seems to have felt that these non-Israelite influences were minimal compared to those of Israel. As noted in this article, however, other Latter-day Saint leaders have believed that the non-Israelite influences in American Indian ancestry were more substantial.
22 Roberts, New Witnesses for God, 2:357.
23 Ibid., 2:359.
24 Anthony W. Ivins, “Are the Jaredites an Extinct People?” Improvement Era, November 1902, 44; Roberts, New Witnesses for God, 3:137-38 note k.
25 Janne M. Sjodahl, “Have the Lamanites Jaredite Blood in Their Veins?” Improvement Era, November 1927, 56-57.
26 Janne M. Sjodahl, “Suggested Key to Book of Mormon Geography,” Improvement Era, September 1927, 986-987.
27 Janne M. Sjodahl, “The Jaredite Lands,” Improvement Era, June 1939, 371; Sjodahl, “Have the Lamanites Jaredite Blood in Their Veins?” 57. Other Book of Mormon researchers also considered Sjodahl’s hypotheses viable. “It is possible that companies of Jaredites broke away from the parent colony, journeying down the western coast as far as the southern point of South America.” M.H. Morgan, “Of Interest to Book of Mormon Students,” Saints Herald 84 (19 June 1937): 781. In 1939, J.A. and J.N. Washburn suggested, “There may have been many [descendants of the original Jaredite colony] in other parts of the land, to the far north and the far south. These may not have gathered to the central place at the time of the destruction. They may have had governments of their own in other localities.” In later times these descendants could have been few or potentially have numbered in the “millions.” J.A. Washburn and J.N. Washburn, An Approach to the Study of Book of Mormon Geography (Provo, Utah: New Era, 1939), 73; see also 200, 202. Subsequent Latter-day Saint scholars have noted further evidence for the survival of some Jaredites. See Nibley, Lehi in the Desert, 237-252; Sorenson, “When Lehi’s Party Arrived,” 19-22. Elder Bruce R. McConkie was also willing to grant the possibility that “isolated remnants of the Jaredites may have lived through the period of destruction in which millions of their fellows perished.” McConkie, Mormon Doctrine, 33.
28 Janne M. Sjodahl, “The Book of Mormon and Modern Research,” Improvement Era, December 1921, 154-55, 156.
29 Sjodahl, “Suggested Key to Book of Mormon Geography,” 986-987. Washburn and Washburn also suggested in 1939 that “there were other people in the land than those of whom the Book of Mormon is a record.” Washburn and Washburn, Approach to the Study of Book of Mormon Geography, 33.
30 Janne M. Sjodahl, An Introduction to the Study of the Book of Mormon (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1927), 341.
31 Jean Russell Driggs, The Palestine of America (Salt Lake City: n.p., 1928), .
32 Anthony W. Ivins, Conference Report, April 1929, 15, emphasis added.
33 John A. Widtsoe and Franklin S. Harris Jr., Seven Claims of the Book of Mormon: A Collection of Evidences (Independence, Missouri.: Zion’s Printing and Publishing, ), 87.
34 William E. Berrett, Milton R. Hunter, Roy A. Welker, and H. Alvah Fitzgerald, A Guide to the Study of the Book of Mormon (Salt Lake City: LDS Department of Education, 1938), 47-48.
35 Roy A. West, An Introduction to the Book of Mormon: A Religious-Literary Study (Salt Lake City: LDS Department of Education, 1940), 11. “Inspiration and encouragement were offered by Albert E. Bowen [a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles] who read the manuscript and offered constructive appraisal upon the contents of the study” (ibid., 4).
36 West, An Introduction to the Book of Mormon, 63 n. 27.
37 Antoine R. Ivins, “The Lamanites,” Relief Society Magazine 37 (August 1950): 507-508.
38 Richard L. Evans, “What Is a ‘Mormon’?” Religions of America, edited by Leo Rosten (London: Heinemann, 1957), 94, emphasis added; reprinted as Religions of America: Ferment and Faith in an Age of Crisis: A New Guide and Almanac (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975).
39 Ariel L. Crowley, About the Book of Mormon (Idaho City, Idaho: n.p., 1961), 142.
40 Ibid., 145.
41 Ross T. Christensen, “øSon lamanitas todos los indios americanos?” Preguntas y Respuestas, Liahona, November 1976, 9.
42 M. Wells Jakeman to Dr. R.E.C., 12 November 1955, quoted in Progress in Archaeology: An Anthology, compiled and edited by Ross T. Christensen (Provo, Utah: University Archaeological Society, Brigham Young University, 1963), 141.
43 Lane Johnson, “Who and where are the Lamanites?” I Have a Question, Ensign, December 1975, 15.
44 Nibley, Lehi in the Desert, 249-250.
45 Hugh Nibley, Since Cumorah (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book and FARMS, 1988), 218-219.
46 Ibid., 219.
47 See John L. Sorenson, “Where in the World? Views on Book of Mormon Geography,” unpublished paper, 1955, revised 1974.
48 Sorenson, Ancient American Setting; Sorenson, “When Lehi’s Party Arrived,” 1-34.
49 Sorenson, Ancient American Setting, 50-56.
50 Sorenson, “When Lehi’s Party Arrived,” 3-4.
51 Ibid., 4.
52 Ibid., 4-6. “Maize is so totally domesticated a plant that it will not reproduce without human care. In other words, the Zeniffites or any other of Lehi’s descendants could only be growing corn/maize because people already familiar with the complex of techniques for its successful cultivation had passed on the knowledge, and the seed, to the newcomers. Notice too that these passages in Mosiah [7:22; 9:14] indicate that corn had become the grain of preference among the Lamanites, and perhaps among the Zeniffites. That is, they had apparently integrated it into their system of taste preferences and nutrition as a primary food, for which cooks and diners in turn would have had familiar recipes, utensils, and so on” (ibid., 5).
53 Brant Gardner, “The Other Stuff: Reading the Book of Mormon for Cultural Information,” FARMS Review of Books 13/2 (2001): 35-37.
54 Murphy, “Lamanite Genesis, Genealogy, and Genetics,” 66.
55 “What about the claim that the Jaredite migration from the Middle East was to ‘that quarter where never had man been’ (Ether 2:5)? Or, Lehi’s claim between 588 and 570 BC that ‘it is wisdom that this land should be kept as yet from the knowledge of other nations’ (2 Ne 1:8)?” Thomas Murphy, open e-mail to Michael Whiting, 25 January 2003.
56 George Reynolds followed this interpretation, noting, however, that this would not apply to the Jaredites, since “we have no account in the sacred records that God shut them out from the knowledge of the rest of mankind when he planted them in America.” George Reynolds, “History of the Book of Mormon VI: The Contents of the Records,” Contributor 5 (April 1884): 242. See also George M. Ottinger, “Old America: The Phoenicians,” Juvenile Instructor 10 (6 February1875): 33.
57 Sorenson, Ancient American Setting, 85. For an overview of the argument for a limited Book of Mormon geography, see Sorenson and Roper, “Before DNA,” 7-10. For an overview of the evidence of archaeology and other sciences for population diversity in the New World, see ibid., 18-23.
58 See also John L. Sorenson, Nephite Culture and Society: Collected Papers, edited by Matthew R. Sorenson (Salt Lake City: New Sage Books, 1997), 205-7.
59 Sorenson, “When Lehi’s Party Arrived,” 7-8. For an earlier but similar view, see Gareth W. Lowe, “The Book of Mormon and Early Southwest Cultures,” U.A.S. [University Archaeological Society] Newsletter, no. 19 (12 April 1954): 3.
60 D. Jeffrey Meldrum and Trent D. Stephens, “Who Are the Children of Lehi?” Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 12/1 (2003): 38, 46-51.
61 The previous tree, or at least that part which cumbered the ground, is said to have been “cut down,” not uprooted. Younger olive branches can be planted or grafted into an older rootstock or stump. For pictures of such hybrid olive trees, see The Allegory of the Olive Tree, edited by Stephen D. Ricks and John W. Welch (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book and FARMS, 1994), 536, 539.
62 I interpret the “waters” in this passage to refer to the waters of creation (Genesis 1:9-10) rather than to the waters of the flood of Noah.
63 James E. Smith, “How Many Nephites? The Book of Mormon at the Bar of Demography,” Book of Mormon Authorship Revisited: The Evidence for Ancient Origins, edited by Noel B. Reynolds (Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1997), 272.
64 Although wars and contentions are mentioned by nearly every chronicler who wrote on Nephi’s small plates, most of these conflicts are specified as being between Lamanites and Nephites. It is not until Amaleki, the last of these chroniclers, begins his account that dissent among the Nephites themselves is implied. He records in Omni 1:12-13 that Mosiah, “being warned of the Lord that he should flee out of the land of Nephi,” departed into the wilderness with “as many as would hearken unto the voice of the Lord” and eventually encountered the people of Zarahemla. This exodus, reminiscent of Nephi’s departure from the land of first inheritance generations earlier due to family contention, is estimated to have occurred sometime between 279 and 130 B.C.
65 For a similar perspective, see Brant Gardner, “A Social History of the Early Nephites,” presented at the 2001 FAIR Conference (http://www.fairlds.org/FAIR_Conferences/2001_Social_History_of_the_Early_Nephites.html), also serialized in Meridian Magazine, 2003, www.meridianmagazine.com/sci_rel/030731fair.html (accessed 16 October 2003).Boom and Crash Auto Trader
Mümkün olduğunca kullanıcı dostu hale getirmek için kullanıcı düşünülerek tasarlanmış, basit ve anlaşılması kolay bir arayüze sahip, olağanüstü bir Uzman Danışman (aynı anda istediğiniz kadar stratejiyle işlem yapmak için 6 Endeks için 2 x Uzman Danışman, 1 programa sıkıştırılmış). Amaçlanan tasarım, Boom1000/500/300 ve Crash1000/500/300'ü aynı anda farklı stratejilerle her iki yönde (alım ve satım) takas eden bir set olmak ve Uzman Danışmanı unutmaktır, bu da onu sahip olunması gereken güçlü bir program haline getirir.
Yeni Başlayan Yatırımcılar: EA'yı varsayılan ayarlarda bırakın ve Boom1000 & Boom500 ve Crash1000 & Crash500'de Expert Advisor'ı etkinleştirin. Boom300 ve Crash300 İndeksleri henüz optimize edilmemiştir.
Deneyimli Yatırımcılar: "Kullanılacak işlem kurallarını" "Otomatik"ten "Kullanıcı Tanımlı"ya değiştirin ve işlem yapmak istediğiniz tüm Endeksler için kendi stratejilerinizi ve giriş parametrelerinizi geliştirebileceksiniz.
Profil Sayfamı (buradan) ziyaret ederek benimle iletişime geçebilir ve bana şu şekilde bir mesaj gönderebilirsiniz:
- MQL5 mesajları
- Skype bağlantısını kullanma
- Twitter bağlantısını kullanma
Bu Uzman Danışman, martingale veya ızgara sistemi kullanmaz ve herhangi bir Yapay Zeka sistemi değildir.
"Otomatik" Ayar
- EA, yüklendiği Dizine otomatik olarak uyum sağlayacaktır.
- Tüm işlem parametreleri ve ayarları otomatik olarak yönetilir.
- Şu anda sadece Boom1000 & Boom500 & Crash1000 & Crash500 için optimize edilmiştir. Boom300 ve Crash300 Endeksleri henüz optimize edilmedi, ancak deneyimli bir tüccar yine de bunları kendiniz için optimize edebilir.
- İşlemler, konsolidasyon dönemlerinde değil, trend olan piyasalarda açılır.
"Kullanıcı Tanımlı" Ayar
- "Otomatik"ten "Kullanıcı Tanımlı"ya değiştirmek, aşağıdaki tüm ayarları etkinleştirecektir.
- Kendi stratejinizi geliştirebilir ve "Otomatik" ayarı ile kullanabilirsiniz.
- Kendi (Kısa, Orta, Uzun vadeli) stratejinizi tasarlayın ve bu Endeksler üzerinde aynı anda birlikte çalışacak 18 veya daha fazla Danışman potansiyeline sahip olabilirsiniz.
- Strate
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situations and believe it or not, you can erase 10-20 years of inactivity with just a few months of performing a proper, challenging exercise program.
It’s not rocket science to understand that the earlier you begin preparing for your later years, the better you can minimize their impact on your body.
Note: To get the biggest anti-aging cellular boost, do your strength training with some effort to challenge your body. Remember, if you do not challenge your body, you cannot change it. A recent Mayo Clinic study says that high intensity type exercise can actually reverse some cellular aspects of aging. When compared, high-intensity interval training offered the same kind of benefits that strength training/resistance training does.
If you’d like to know how to get started with a no-muss, no-fuss approach to home-based exercising for solid fitness gains go…
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After all, most things can only be made so simple before they just cannot be made to work at all!
– Carolyn “The 10-Minute Sandbag Workout” Hansen
If you’d like to know more about how THE most effective form of fitness training and strength building that you are ever likely to come across is… can be made to work for you, then click the following link to learn more…
P.S. I even created a FREE mobile app for you to keep track of your sandbag workouts. With 4 built-in workouts of 7 distinct sandbag movements, you have 28 different exercises to choose from should you decide to create your own custom sandbag works.Carrello vuoto?
Possiamo supporre che ciò sia dovuto al fatto che non hai visto le nostre ultime offerte
Buna ha rafforzato la sua salute e la sua vitalità con Sensilab
Buna era solita lottare con il suo peso e il suo aspetto. Leggi come Sensilab l'ha aiutata a sentirsi leggera ed energica!
Václava ha migliorato la sua salute e il suo benessere con ThyroLux!
Václava ha lottato con i chili di troppo a causa dei suoi problemi alla tiroide. Fortunatamente ha scoperto ThyroLux e ha notato subito un miglioramento: continua a leggere per saperne di più!
Maria Cristina : "Ho perso 2* kg nell'ultimo mese."
I problemi di salute hanno fatto sì che Maria Cristina ingrassasse e si sentisse infelice. Ecco come Sensilab l'ha aiutata a ritrovare la speranza e a perdere i chili di troppo!
Vesna: “EstroLux ha migliorato la qualità della mia vita”
Grazie a EstroLux, Vesna è riuscita a combattere la sindrome premestruale, a migliorare la digestione e a perdere peso. Scopri come il nostro prodotto l'ha aiutata a migliorare la qualità della sua vita.
Diana ha perso 3* taglie in 1* mese!
Grazie a tre dei nostri prodotti dimagranti più venduti, Diana ha perso 3* taglie e ha ridotto il gonfiore. Leggi la sua storia!
Luci: " Finalmente vedo i risultati che ho sempre desiderato e mi sento meglio che mai".
Luci ama praticare diversi sport. Corre ogni giorno da quando era piccola e, oltre a questo, pratica anche l'arrampicata e lo yoga. Continua a leggere per saperne di più sul suo percorso di dimagrimento con i prodotti Sensilab!
Prodotti per te- to say, utter
- to mean, refer to
- Ní tú a deirim. — I don't mean you; I'm not referring to you.
- (In the 2nd sing. imperative or 1st plural imperative) say, suppose (to state for illustrative or approximate purposes)
- abair is nach mbeadh sé ann — supposing he weren't there
- fiche punt, abair — twenty pounds, say
† Dialect form
In the older literary language, and sometimes in the spoken language, additional forms built on the stem abr- are found:
The d-initial forms of this verb are immune to lenition. They also do not undergo eclipsis after the interrogative particle an.
|Radical||Eclipsis||with h-prothesis||with t-prothesis|
|Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
- "abair", "adeirim" in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 1927, by Patrick S. Dinneen.
- Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, vol. II, 78.
- E. C. Quiggin, A Dialect of Donegal, page 125, § 370.
- Used as a modifier, suggesting excitement, much in the way that "how" is used.
abair (present participle form ràdh)
|Tense \ Voice||Active||Passive|One of the main drawbacks of wind power is the variability in power output. CREAS believes that combining green hydrogen production technology with wind power will help to solve this problem and lead to a new era of accelerated expansion in wind power investment in Northern Europe.
Wind Energy is one of the UK’s main renewable energy resources – 54% of UK total renewable energy was supplied by wind in 2019 – supplying 20% of the UK’s electricity generation. Offshore wind power has many positives aspects including a higher power yield per MW installed capacity than equivalent turbines located onshore, more stable wind conditions and generally less disturbance of wildlife. In October 2020, Boris Johnson pledged that offshore wind farms will generate enough electricity to power every home in the UK by 2030. This pledge begs the question: how does he plan on reaching this milestone, especially with the problems that we currently experience due to variability of output?
To reach the goal of 40GW of offshore wind power capacity by 2030, the government have set aside £160 million to go towards upgrading ports and factories for building turbines to help the country “build back greener” after COVID-19. This finance resource offers huge opportunities for the renewable energy sector in the UK and CREAS believes that some of this money should go towards improving efficiencies by addressing the output variability issue.
Tractebel Overdick and Tractebel Engineering, both part of energy major Engie, have developed a power-to-gas offshore platform concept that would convert offshore wind energy to green hydrogen out at sea.
This platform concept, seen in the main image, combines the positives of offshore wind power with green hydrogen generation. Instead of transporting the electricity generated by the wind turbines to shore, potentially causing congestion in the electricity grid at times, the hydrogen is produced via electrolysis onsite, and green hydrogen is piped to shore, ready to be used for a number of potential applications, including transportation and other hard to abate sectors, such as domestic heating and heavy industrial sectors, such as cement and steel manufacturing.
The main benefit of converting the offshore wind power to hydrogen is that the hydrogen is a flexible ‘store’ of the energy. This is valuable in situations when power supply outweighs demand, as normally this energy would just be curtailed (‘lost’) in order to not overload the grid. The graph below displays an example of offshore wind power generation variations throughout the year to highlight the inherent day-to-day, month-to-month and seasonal variations in wind power generation.
The platform would take the excess electricity in times of high generation, in this case, winter months, to power the electrolysis to make hydrogen. The following graph presents how this hydrogen production could vary month-to-month throughout the year for a 30 MW electrolyser system. Hydrogen production is naturally highest in the winter months in line with the higher generation of power from the wind turbines and hydrogen storage can buffer demand versus lower hydrogen generation / wind power in the summer months.
Stored hydrogen can be used as a gas fuel for transport or heating buildings and in times of lower wind power generation such as July, hydrogen can be drawn from storage to balance supply and demand.
This technique supports assurance of energy security by correcting for seasonal or daily fluctuations in power output, and also allows greater efficiency in the use of the renewable energy, therefore, reducing use of non-renewable energy.
CREAS believes that a portion of this £160 million set aside by the government should go towards initiatives such as this one from Engie to help evolve the offshore wind sector. It is initiatives that prioritise managing variability through increasing efficiency like these that will help the UK government to reach their goal of 40GW wind power production by 2030.
Abigail Clarke, Environment and Sustainability Consultant
Abi is a talented consultant who is passionate about the environment and finding ways to meet the world’s energy supply demands through sustainable means. She works closely with our clients to help bring their projects to life.می توان گفت ثبت شرکت در ری که یکی از نقاط اصلی استان تهران به لحاظ منطقه گردشگری و توریستی است بسیار آینده خوبی را به همراه خواهد داشت. شهرستان ری که از مهمترین شهرستان های استان تهران به لحاظ مذهبی و سیاسی محسوب می شود قدمت آن به 8000 سال قبل از میلاد باز می گردد.
مزایای ثبت شرکت در ری
افرادی که قصد دارند فعالیت تجاری، تولیدی، خدماتی و… در چارچوب حقوقی و قانونی تشکیل دهند، ثبت شرکت امری الزامی برای آن ها خواهد بود. با ثبت شرکت در ری تمام فعالیت ها و تجارت ها جنبه قانونی به خود گرفته و همچنین تجارت شما در سایه حمایت ارگان های دولتی و قانون تجارت قرار می گیرد. از جمله از دیگر مزایای ثبت شرکت در ری می توان به عقد قرار داد با اشخاص حقوقی و حقیقی، شرکت در مزایدات و مناقصات اشاره کرد که هرکدام از آن ها به سود آوری های کلان برای شرکت و تجارت شما بسیار کمک خواهند کرذ.
انواع قالب های ثبت شرکت در ری
- شرکت سهامی عام
- شرکت سهامی خاص
- شرکت با مسئولیت محدود
- شرکت تضامنی
- شرکت نسبی
- شرکت مختلط سهامی
- شرکت مختلط غیر سهامی
- شرکت تعاونی
ثبت چه نوع شرکتی در ری مناسب است؟
با توجه به آمار گیری های انجام شده بیش از 98% ثبت شرکت ها در کشور به شرکت سهامی خاص و شرکت با مسئولیت محدود اختصاص دارد. در زمان تاسیس یک شرکت هدف گذاری یکی از مسائل مهم و حیاتی به شمار می رود چرا که آینده نگری یکی از ارکان اصلی در ثبت شرکت در ری و ایجاد یک کسب و کار موفق است. به همین دلیل در انتخاب نوع فعالیت و شرکت خود دقت لازم را به خرج دهید.
ثبت شرکت سهامی خاص در ری
شرکت سهامی خاص جهت انجام امور بازرگانی تاسیس می شود هر چند می تواند در آن امور بازرگانی نیز انجام نشود. در این نوع شرکت سرمایه نباید از یک میلیون ریال کمتر باشد همچنین تمامی سهام باید توسط سهامداران در حین تاسیس شرکت تامین شود. 35% از سرمایه نیز به حساب شرکت در حال تاسیس واریز می شود.
شرایط ثبت شرکت سهامی خاص در ری
- تعداد سهامداران حداقل 3 نفر می باشد و حداکثر بدون محدودیت است.
- حداقل سرمایه اولیه یک میلیون ریال است.
- انتخاب دو نفر به عنوان بازرسین شرکت الزامی است.
- پرداخت حداقل 35% از سرمایه اولیه به حساب شرکت الزامی است.
- اعضای هیات مدیره حداقل باید دارای یک سهم در شرکت باشند.
مدارک لازم جهت ثبت شرکت سهامی خاص در ری
- ارائه دو برگ امضا شده از اظهار نامه شرکت سهامی خاص
- ارائه دو نسخه امضا شده از اساسنامه شرکت سهامی خاص
- ارائه کپی برابر اصل شده شناسنامه و کارت ملی همه سهامدراران و بازرسان شرکت
- ارائه اصل گواهی عدم سوء پیشینه اعضا هیات مدیره و بازرسین شرکت
- ارائه اصل مجوز در صورت نیاز به اخذ مجوز
- ارائه دو نسخه امضا شده از صورت جلسه مجمع عمومی موسسان شرکت
- ارائه دو نسخه از صورت جلسه هیات مدیره که به امضا رسیده باشد.
- ارائه اصل وکالتنامه اگر قصد دارید وکیل امور مربوط به ثبت را انجام دهد.
- ارائه فیش بانکی پرداخت حداقل 35% از سرمایه شرکت
ثبت شرکت با مسئولیت محدود در ری
شرکتی با مسئولیت محدود جهت انجام امور تجاری بین دو یا چند نفر تشکیل می شود. در این نوع شرکت سرمایه به سهام تقسیم نمی شود بلکه به سهم الشرکه تقسیم شده و هر یک از شرکا به میزان سرمایه خود در قبال تعهدات و قروض شرکت مسئول هستند. همچنین به دلیل تقسیم نشدن سرمایه به سهام، سهم الشرکه به صورت آزادانه قابل نقل و انتقال نیست بلکه در صورتی امکان پذیر است که شرکایی که حداقل سه چهارم از سرمایه را دارند به این امر رضایت دهند. این نقل و انتقال بایستی به صورت سند رسمی در دفتر خانه ثبت اسناد رسمی صورت گیرد در غیر این صورت فاقد اعتبار خواهد بود.
شرایط ثبت شرکت با مسئولیت محدود در ری
- حداقل اعضا جهت ثبت شرکت با مسئولیت محدود 2 نفر است.
- حداقل سرمایه یک میلیون ریال است.
- انتخاب بازرس در شرکت با مسئولیت محدود اختیاری است.
- در کنار نام شرکت باید عبارت “با مسئولیت محدود” قید شود.
مدارک لازم جهت ثبت شرکت با مسئولیت محدود در ری
- ارائه دو برگ از تقاضا نامه شرکت
- ارائه دو برگ از شرکت نامه شرکت
- ارائه دو نسخه از اساسنامه شرکت
- ارئه کپی برابر اصل شناسنامه و کارت ملی تمامی شرکا
- ارائه اصل گواهی عدم سوء پیشینه اعضا هیات مدیره
- ارائه دو نسخه از صورتجلسه مجمع عمومی موسسان شرکت و همچنین ارائه صورت جلسه اعضا هیات مدیره
- ارائه مجوز در صورت نیاز به مجوز
- ارائه اصل وکالتنامه در صورتی که امور مربوط به ثبت شرکت را وکیل پیگیری می کند.
- ارائه تعهد نامه تمامی اعضا هیات مدیره مبنی بر نداشتن هیچگونه محدودیت قانونی جهت قبول سمت در هیات مدیره
تفاوت شرکت سهامی خاص و شرکت با مسئولیت محدود در ری
- در شرکت با مسئولیت محدود حداقل شرکا 2 نفر بوده اما در شرکت سهامی خاص حداقل 3 نفر باید باشد.
- در شرکت سهامی خاص انتخاب بازرسین اصلی و علی البدل اجباری است اما در شرکت با مسئولیت محدود اختیاری است.
- در شرکت با مسئولیت محدود هیچگونه محدودیت زمانی برای مدیریت در نظر گرفته نشده است در حالی که در شرکت سهامی خاص مدیران می توانند حداکثر به مدت دو سال انتخاب شوند.
درصورت رضایت از این مطلب، در بخش پایین امتیاز خود را وارد نمایید.Sassuolo, Berardi esalta Boga: "E' il più forte con cui abbia mia giocato"
L'attaccante del Sassuolo Domenico Berardi, nella sua intervista a Sportweek, ha parlato anche di Jeremie Boga, esterno offensivo entrato nel mirino del Napoli: "Jeremie è il più forte con cui abbia mai giocato, fa cose che non ho visto fare a nessuno. Forse dopo i miei primi due anni di A, se tornassi indietro, farei scelte diverse. L'Europeo è un obiettivo per me, farò di tutto per convincere Mancini".Gross I. Guerrero J. canlı maçı skor (ve video çevrimiçi canlı izle yayın*) 20.5.2017. tarihte 06:30 saatte (UTC ile) Israel F8, Singles Qualifying - ITF Men.
SofaScore
Canlı Skor
Idan Harel Gross ve Jeff Guerrero arasındaki önceki maçların, H2H maçlarına göre sıralamasını bulabilirsiniz.
Medya kısmında Gross I. ve Guerrero J. maçının video özetlerini bulabilirsiniz. Bir
çok popüler maç için Youtube veya Dailymotion gibi video paylaşım sitelerinden videolar bulabilirsiniz.
Video içeriklerinden bi sorumlu değiliz, lütfen şikayetler için video sahipleri veya paylaşanlarla iletişime
geçin.
Gross I. - Guerrero J. maçını bet365 üyesiyseniz canlı olarak izleyebilirsiniz.
bet365, 70,000'den fazla canlı spor müsabakasını canlı olarak yayınlayan ve canlı bahis imkanı sunan alanında önde
gelen çevrimiçi bahis şirketidir.
Eğer bu maç bet365 tarafından canlı yayınlanıyorsa, Gross I. - Guerrero J. tenis maçını canlı olarak
iPhone, iPad, Android ya da Windows telefonunuzdan izleyebilirsiniz. Dünyadan popüler spor liglerinden özet ve
haberlei bulabilirsiniz. Canlı bet365 oranları SofaScore'un
tenis canlı skor
kısmında görüntülenebilir.
Sitemizde televizyon programı bulundurmuyoruz, bu maçı televizyonda izlemek isterseniz büyük ihtimalle Lig TV,
Tivibu Spor, Smart Spor, Eurosport, NTV Spor gibi pöpüler spor kanallarında bulabilirsiniz.
Daha fazla detay:
Idan Harel Gross canlı skor, program ve sonuçlar
Jeff Guerrero canlı skor, program ve sonuçlar
SofaScore uygulaması Apple App Store'da iPhone ve iPad için, Google Play'de Android ve Windows
Phone için mevcuttur. Uygulamamızı bütün mağazalarda ve farklı dillerde "SofaScore"
adıyla bulabilirsiniz. SofaScore uygulamasını yükleyin ve Gross I. Guerrero J.
canlı olarak mobil cihazlarınızdan takip edin!L’assegnazione all’arbitro italiano della finale dei Mondiali 1978 tra Argentina e Olanda fu il coronamento di un’eccellente carriera internazionale.
Così Sergio Gonella rispose nel febbraio del 1978 a un cronista bolognese che gli anticipava la sua partecipazione al Mondiale, in programma qualche mese dopo in Argentina: «Balle di voi giornalisti, e io faccio gli scongiuri». Poco soddisfatto della replica l’intervistatore si fece audace e replicò: «Ma come, vuol darmi a intendere che non sa di essere il prescelto, di aver bruciato la concorrenza di Michelotti e Gussoni?». E lui, Gonella: «Più lei me ne parla e più io mi tocco».
Direte: ma che linguaggio per un gentleman come l’arbitro di Asti (scomparso nel 2018 alla bella età di 85 anni), ritenuto irreprensibile! Le giustificazioni non mancano. Gonella rappresentò il nostro Paese al torneo del ’78
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مدیریت در خودروسازی را شبیه جوک توصیف کرده است.
در پی در ج خبری با عنوان جایگزین پراید به بازار می آید از قول دبیر انجمن صنایع همگن توضیحات ذیل جهت تنویر افکار عمومی ارائه می شود.
اعضای انجمن تخصصی صنایع همگن نیرومحرکه و قطعه سازان خودرو کشور نامه ای سرگشاده با موضوع «درخواست جلوگیری از بروز فاجعه در صنعت قطعه سازی کشور» به رئیس جمهوری نوشتند.
تفاهمنامه همکاری مشترک بین دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران و انجمن تخصصی صنایع همگن نیرو محرکه و قطعهسازان کشور امضاء شد. جزئیات این تفاهم نامه به شرح ذیل می باشد.
نشست هم اندیشی قطعه سازان که به همت انجمن صنایع همگن قطعه سازان که روز یکشنبه ۱۰ تیر ماه برگزار شده با قرائت بیانیه پایانی به کار خود پایان داد.
بزرگترین گردهمایی قطعه سازان خودرو کشور با موضوع مشکلات و معضلات صنعت قطعه سازی کشور روز یکشنبه ۱۰ تیر ماه در محل تشکل های اتاق بازرگانی برگزار خواهد شد.
با برگزاری مجمع عمومی انجمن صنایع همگن نیرو محرکه و قطعه سازان خودرو کشور، هیئت مدیره جدید این انجمن برای مدت سه سال آینده انتخاب شد.
با امضاء وزیرصنعت، معدن و تجارت پروانه تاسیس اولین انجمن تخصصی کشوری زیر نظر این وزارت خانه ابلاغ شد.L'episodio 908 si intitola "L'arrivo della nave del tesoro - Rufytaro ricambia il favore!".
Riassunto[modifica | modifica sorgente]
Il gruppo raggiunge Okobore e consegna il cibo agli abitanti, i quali ricevono anche un'enorme quantità d'acqua da Rufy, il quale la scaraventa sopra tre membri dei Pirati delle cento bestie e promette di risolvere il problema della fame nel Paese, affermazione che Tama associa a quanto Ace le aveva detto.
Infine, Law, Zoro e Rufy stabiliscono la loro prossima destinazione: le rovine del castello di Oden.
Rufy affida Tama a Speed, promettendo che le riporterà Komachiyo e chiedendole di riferire a Tenguyama Hitetsu che terrà ancora un po' la sua katana. Gli abitanti di Okobore ringraziano Luffytaro per il cibo che ha dato loro, mentre Law si dice disgustato dal fatto che dei pirati abbiano compiuto una buona azione. Anche Kiku sale in groppa a Komachiyo insieme ai tre pirati, curiosa di sapere che cosa debbano fare alle rovine del castello di Oden, mentre Zoro intuisce che la donna stia nascondendo qualcosa.
Personaggi[modifica | modifica sorgente]
|Pirati||Altri|
Differenze tra manga e anime[modifica | modifica sorgente]
Nell'anime sono state aggiunte le seguenti scene:
- Tama dà a Speed due carote;
- Law si chiede come mai Speed segua gli ordini di Tama;
- viene mostrato quando Rufy trova l'enorme bacinella d'acqua e la sottrae ai Pirati delle cento bestie nonostante venga informato che essa appartiene a Kurozumi Orochi, saltando poi da un tetto all'altro.
Nell'anime, la madre che ha in braccio il figlio non ha in mano un coltello per ucciderlo poiché non ha più nulla da dargli da mangiare e non appare nemmeno il cappio. Infine Law afferma che incontreranno i "fantasmi" del Paese di Wa mentre con il resto del gruppo ha già lasciato Okobore in groppa a Komachiyo, anziché prima.Dumbolf game - created using mathematics...
See below for the math in this game. Each game has sound. This game is courtesy of Gamesheep.
What Math did they use to Make this Game?
Vectors are used throughout this game. As you position the arrow (for direction) to make your shot, the length of the arrow indicates the magnitude of the vector and the direction the arrow is pointing is the direction of the vector. You can learn more in the vectors chapter.
There are acceleration and deceleration effects as the ball is acted on by gravity, it bounces and loses energy. See velocity and acceleration graphs.
The golf ball (and elephant) moves through the 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.
See also Math in Computer Games.
Try another game?柬埔寨拥有丰富的矿产资源。目前,已发现的矿物有:金、宝石、石油、天然气、铁、铝、银、锰、铜、钨、锡、锌、铅、钼、煤、磷酸盐、石灰石、大理石、白云岩、石英砂、硫磺、白瓷土等。这些矿物绝大部分都尚未开采,只有金、宝石等处于无政府主义的开采状态,而石油和天然气则正在勘探中。
柬埔寨主要的金矿区有磅同省吉山地区、柏威夏省隆山地区、暹粒省甘宝地区和博苏德鲁地区、拜林省以及腊塔纳基里省的5个矿区。公元9世纪~14世纪是柬埔寨的强盛时期,它曾是一个拥有大量黄金的国家。
柬埔寨的金矿开采有着悠久的历史。从1970年柬埔寨发生战争后,黄金开采完全处于无政府状态,有上百人在各矿区采金。在靠近越南的各省,采金者主要是越南人。他们组成小组或以家庭为单位,在武装力量的保护下挖硐采金,采得金砂后,就地请工匠炼成金块,再拿到越南胡志明市出售。每个采金小组每月至少能采集到20两~30两黄金,家庭式的采金者在四五天内也能采集到二三钱黄金。
柬埔寨的宝石矿主要分布在拜林省。宝石的种类有红宝石、蓝宝石、锆石和带条纹的玛瑙石等。在磅同省和上丁省还出产水晶和冰洲石,腊塔纳基里省的博胶也有宝石矿。拜林的宝石品质优良,从1875年就已开始开采。在近几十年的战乱时期,宝石开采处于无政府状态。在红色高棉政权的控制下,许多泰国人和其他人进入拜林,从事宝石开采业,将采集到的宝石带到泰国加工成成品,再销往世界各地。
据一些国家的地质学家勘查,柬埔寨的陆地和海域蕴藏着丰富的石油和天然气。柬埔寨有3个大的地下油气盆地,即东部盆地、中央盆地和在泰国湾的高棉盆地。陆地石油主要埋藏在豆蔻山地区和东北部地区的腊塔纳基里省和蒙多基里省,但数量较少。
航测表明,湄公河流域也有天然气资源。海底石油主要分布在西南部泰国湾海区大陆架下,并延伸到贡布省和戈公省大陆地下,其蕴藏量可能超过波斯湾,而且油气质量高,含硫量少。据估计,柬埔寨的石油蕴藏量达数亿桶,而其天然气蕴藏量相当于石油蕴藏量的3倍。
但柬埔寨首相洪森指出,这些油田到底拥有多少石油储量,目前还言之过早。不过,柬埔寨国家石油局的官员曾透露,2009年底之前探明柬埔寨的石油年产量将达到5亿桶,且全部资源可以持续开采40年。
柬埔寨政府将石油储区划分为A-F6个区块。其中,面积为6278平方千米的A区的勘探开采权被美国雪佛龙(Chevron)、日本三井石油公司(Mitsui Oil)和韩国GS Caltex等3家公司取得。新加坡石油公司(SPC)的独资子公司SPC柬埔寨公司已经从柬埔寨国家石油局手中买下一家联营公司30%的股权,允许它参与B区的开采活动。
获得其他区块开采权的公司还包括泰国的PTTEP能源公司、澳大利亚的库珀能源公司(Cooper Energy)、中国的神州石油科技(China Petrotech)、印尼的Medco能源公司和位于香港的中海油(CNOOC)。
据报道,雪佛龙于2005年在A区的4个探勘井的钻探中发现了石油。
此后,柬埔寨便享有了“东南亚地区下一个产油国”的美誉。但由于柬埔寨政府与雪佛龙在收入分配上未能取得一致意见,因此,该油田的石油生产迄今仍没有展开。柬埔寨首相洪森曾在2010年4月警告该公司,一定要在2012年前开始开采石油,否则政府将取消它的开采执照。
由于技术力量薄弱,缺乏资金和合作伙伴,柬埔寨许多矿物的蕴藏情况至今尚未探明,开采时机尚不成熟。海上石油虽然前景光明,但由于泰国对海域提出了重叠的主权要求,需双方进行协调解决,否则难以进入实际开采阶段。柬埔寨政府曾多次表示,欢迎外国前往柬埔寨投资勘探和开采矿产资源。#柬埔寨矿产资源# #国际情报员# #柬埔寨资讯# #柬小宝#سفیر ایران در مسکو گفت: با توجه به افزایش آلودگیهای محیطزیستی و مخاطراتی مانند تروریسم در خزر، تغییر نگاه به این دریا میتواند زمینهساز امنیت در خزر باشد.
به گزارش خبرنگار سیاسی خارجی خبرگزاری دانشجویان ایران (ایسنا)، مهدی سنایی که صبح امروز در نشست "منافع بهینه ایران در دریای خزر چیست و چگونه تامین میگردد" به بررسی گفتمان و همگرایی در دریای خزر پرداخت و خاطرنشان کرد: برای بررسی مسائل دریای خزر در ابتدای سال آتی اجلاس وزرای خارجه در آستاراخان برگزار خواهد شد و اول مهر سال آینده نیز جلسه سران کشورهای حاشیه خزر نیز در آستاراخان تشکیل خواهد شد.
وی ادامه داد: دریای خزر برای ایران در حوزههای مختلفی از جمله حقوقی و اقتصادی حائز اهمیت است و انتظار میرود که برگزاری اجلاس کشورهای حاشیه خزر بتواند آغاز سلسله فعالیتهایی در این زمینه باشد. همچنین امیدوار هستیم که مسائل مربوط به خزر نیز جدی گرفته شود.
سفیر ایران در مسکو با اشاره به اهمیت خزر برای کشورهای حاشیه آن و فعالیت بیشتر برخی کشورها در این زمینه گفت: یکی از کشورهای کوچک حاشیه دریای خزر که برخی از سیاستهای آن با جمهوری اسلامی ایران نیز مغایرت دارد بیش از 90 درصد فعالیتهای مربوط به دریای خزر خود را در فضای مجازی به زبان روسی انجام میدهد این در حالی است که بیشتر فعالیتها در این عرصه به زبان انگلیسی صورت میگیرد ولی آنها عمده اطلاعرسانی در فضای سایبری را به زبان روسی اختصاص دادند.
سنایی در بخش دیگری از سخنان خود با اشاره به امضای سه سند در اجلاس آینده سران حاشیه خزر خاطرنشان کرد: یکی از این اسناد مربوط به موافقتنامه همکاری در زمینه بهرهبرداری از منابع زنده خزر است زیرا شیلات از اهمیت زیادی برای کشورها برخوردار بوده و با توجه به خطر افتادن حیات برخی از آبزیان دریای خزر امضای این توافقنامه ضروری به نظر میرسد.
وی ادامه داد: امضای توافقنامه همکاری در شرایط اضطراری هنوز در دست بررسی بوده و متاسفانه هنوز برای بهرهبرداری مهیا نشده است و در صورت تکمیل می تواند یکی از اسناد امضایی در این اجلاس باشد. همچنین یکی دیگر از اسنادی که قرار است در اجلاس سران کشورهای حاشیه خزر امضا شود در زمینه توریستی بوده و مذاکرات فشرده ای برای تفاهم بر سر آن در حال انجام است.
وی با اشاره به برگزاری نشستهای متعدد در زمینه مسائل دریای خزر تا اردیبهشت سال آینده گفت: از نظر حقوقی قراردادهای 1921 و 1940 مبنای تمام توافقهای صورت گرفته درباره خزر بوده و تا زمانی که سندهای جدیدی امضا نشود همچنان قراردادهای قبلی پابرجا است.
سنایی ادامه داد: جلوگیری از ورود کشورهای بیگانه به خزر یکی از مسائلی است که برای ایران اهمیت بسیاری دارد و ما معتقد هستیم که از نظر تجاری، نظامی و انرژی باید از ورود کشورهای بیگانه به خزر جلوگیری صورت گیرد در غیر این صورت این ورود باعث واگرایی میان کشورهای حاشیه خزر خواهد بود. درهر صورت نظامیسازی خزر یکی از مسائلی است که امیدواریم در اجلاس سران کشورهای حاشیه حزر مورد توجه قرار گیرد زیرا نگاه ایران به خزر به عنوان موجودی زنده است و استفاده نظامی از آن میتواند موجب گسست و واگرایی شود.
سفیر ایران در مسکو با اشاره به اهمیت بحث محیطزیست خزر برای ایران خاطرنشان کرد: متاسفانه با وجود اینکه ایران کمترین آلودگی را برای خزر دارد بیشترین آلودگیها نصیب سواحل کشور ما میشود و این آلودگیها بیشتر از سوی دو کشور شمالی خزر تولید میشود.
وی ادامه داد: سال گذشته موافقتنامه چند کشور ساحلی در رابطه با محیطزیست امضا شد ولی تاکنون این امر مقدمهای برای برداشته شدن گامهای بیشتر و جدیتر برای جلوگیری از آلودگی بیشتر خزر نشده است .
سنایی با اشاره به طرح اقتصادی ارائه شده از سوی ایران برای اجلاس سران کشورهای حاشیه خزر افزود: این طرح در سال 1990 ارائه شد ولی توسعه کریدور خزر که از برنامههای ما بود هنوز شکل نگرفته است همچنین رویکرد جمهوری اسلامی ایران مقابله با خطرات روبه گسترشی مانند تروریست، انتقال مواد مخدر، همکاریهای رسانهای، ایجاد خبرگزاری مشترک و همکاریهای دانشگاهی بین ایران و 5 کشور حاشیه خزر که متاسفانه هنوز برخی از این موارد محقق نشده اند.
وی ادامه داد: هرچند طبق آمار بحث انتقال مواد مخدر از خزر بسیار پایین است ولی باید برای پیشگیری از افزایش آن تدابیر جدی اندیشه شود ولی در رابطه با خروج نیروهای ناتو از افغانستان که ایران آن را با حساسیت دنبال میکند هنوز موضعگیری رسمی از سوی 5 کشور حاشیه خزر صورت نگرفته است.
سفیر ایران در مسکو با اشاره به اجرای پروژههای مشترک بین کشورهای حوزه خزر گفت: برقراری خطوط پروازهای مشترک بین ساری و سواحل مقابل آن وجود ندارد این در حالی است که ظرفیت قابل توجهی برای همگرایی از طریق مشارکتهای بین کشورهای حاشیه خزر از طریق برقراری پروازهای مستقیم وجود دارد. از سوی دیگر امکان گسترش فعالیتهای پارلمانی و تشکیل مجمع پارلمانی کشورهای حاشیه خزر نیز وجود دارد و میتوان آن را بررسی کرد.
سنایی در پایان با تاکید بر اینکه نگاه ایران به خزر نگاهی هویتی و تاریخی است گفت: با گسترش همکاریهای توریستی میتوان زمینه همکارها بین کشورهای حاشیه خزر را گستردهتر کرد و باید تلاش شود تا نگاه انرژیک به خزر جای خود به نگاه هویتی و تاریخی بدهد.
انتهای پیامChinese in the Frontier West is part 2 of a larger documentary titled Ancestors in the Americas. Because we will not screen part 1 we’ll miss out on some interesting history– for example the arrival of Chinese and Filipino sailors in Mexico in the 17th century. Yet there’s a wealth of information in CFW which can help us to make sense of the social topography of Machine Age America.
Recall how the film begins with the search for photographic evidence of Chinese labor, evidence which seems strangely absent. Such gaps in the archive are in their own way instructive: who is missing? Which stories do not get told? Whose experiences do we need to recover in order to establish a fuller, richer account of the past?
Most of the immigrants from China during the antebellum period came from either Guangdong or Fujian, two provinces in the south east, in particular the Pearl River Delta region. Primarily young men, they were the first non-white foreigners to arrive in the US and, as the film relates, were subject to a variety of legal provisions segregating and, indeed, oppressing them. The 1790 Naturalization Act, the Foreign Miners’ Tax, the Dred Scott decision (the precedent for People vs. Hall), the Page Law, various local regulations such as the Sidewalk Ordinance and the Cubic Air Ordinance: all of which constituted forms of legal harassment intended to specifically target Chinese. Against that official discrimination, Chinese mobilized to assert their claim to the rights of citizenship through court cases. As Suecheng Chan remarks, this strategy of challenging unjust laws on their own terms was something Chinese communities adapted to– there were no such opportunities in China.
If we’re to gain insight into the Chinese American experience it might help to re-center our view of the world. The ability to grasp history often depends on the capacity for a spatial imagination. Here’s a map of the Pacific Rim:
The Pacific Ocean functions as a kind of continent in its own right, to be crossed on the way to Jinshan (Gold Mountain). Now consider the following two representations of the world. The first version is one we’re all likely familiar with, a Mercator Projection:
Now compare with the map below, the Peters Projection:
The Peters Projection offers a truer scale for the continents. The relative area of land masses are more accurate, though it does this at the expense of outline detail. Turning a three dimensional object, a sphere, into a two-dimensional image always involves a degree of distortion. The Mercator is good at representing shape, while the Peters is good at representing size. Do you see the difference?
Finally, a map of the expansion of the United States across the North American continent:
It’s important to consider what was required to claim such a vast space– the physical forces, daily experiences, and material conditions that came into play in the project to consolidate the continent. Chapter 16 if the Norton offers a very useful account of the settlement of the “far west.” Be sure to read it.When solving word problems involving shapes and perimeter, you need to: pediatrician research paper khan academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization solving perimeter is been a helping verb and area problems. formula for finding the area and perimeter problem solving order of apa paper area of a square. classify quadrilaterals area / perimeter essay and glamour please of rectangles (metric). to close the lesson, share with students how the skills of area and perimeter problem solving area and
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is not preached equally to all, and among those to whom it is preached, does not always meet with the same reception. This diversity displays the unsearchable depth of the divine judgment, and is without doubt subordinate to God's purpose of eternal election. But if it is plainly owing to the mere pleasure of God that salvation is spontaneously offered to some, while others have no access to it…—Public Domain
In this passage, John Calvin presents which of the following ideas?
salvation through good works
the creation of an ideal stateمخازن ذخیره سازی آب آشامیدنی و مواد شیمیایی صنعتی برای ذخیره کود ، پروپان ، گاز طبیعی مایع ، فرآورده های نفتی (بنزین ، دیزل) ، نفت خام و سایر مواد شیمیایی بکار می روند. مخازن ذخیره سازی مواد شیمیایی صنعتی در اشکال و اندازه های مختلف موجود است. این مخازن ذخیره سازی برای مخلوط کردن ، پردازش ، ذخیره سازی استاتیک و حمل و نقل محصولات شیمیایی نهایی و همچنین مواد اولیه مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. سه مخزن ذخیره شیمیایی صنعتی وجود دارد
- مخازن از جنس استیل ضد زنگ
- مخازن پلی اتیلن ،
- مخازن فایبرگلاس (FRP)
مخازن ذخیره سازی از جنس استیل ضد زنگ موثر و با دوام است. با این حال ، مخازن گالوانیزه برای بسیاری از اسیدها مناسب نیستند و همچنین گران ترین گزینه هستند. مخازن فایبرگلاس برای برخی از کاربردها مناسب است. با این حال ، آنها دارای درزهایی هستند که ممکن است نشت کند ، به نگهداری بیشتری نیاز داشته باشد ، بیشتر در معرض خطای انسانی به دلیل ساخت آنها ، و در معرض برخی از مواد شیمیایی مانند هیدروفلوئوروسیلیک اسید قرار دارند - ماده ای شیمیایی که باعث سیاه شدن شیشه (اجزای ساختاری FRP) می شود.
مخازن ذخیره سازی پلی اتیلن به صورت متقابل و همچنین پلی اتیلن خطی وارد می شوند و متنوع ترین مخازن ذخیره سازی صنعتی را در بازار ایجاد می کنند. مواد شیمیایی را برای ذخیره سازی در نظر بگیرید، هنگام برنامه ریزی یک واحد مخزن ذخیره سازی شیمیایی صنعتی ، مهمترین عاملی که ابتدا باید در نظر بگیرید ماده شیمیایی موجود در آن است.
اشتباه است که گمان کنید یک مخزن ذخیره آب بتواند ماده شیمیایی را نیز در خود نگه دارد. در حالی که یک مخزن ذخیره سازی آب ممکن است مدتی ماده شیمیایی را در خود نگه دارد ، به یاد داشته باشید که مخزن پلی اتیلن به طور ویژه برای ذخیره مواد شیمیایی طراحی نشده است. عوامل مختلفی ممکن است مخزن را تخریب کرده و باعث نشت و منجر به خطرات دیگر شود.
خوشبختانه مخازن ذخیره سازی صنعتی پلی اتیلن می تواند هر نوع ماده شیمیایی را که می خواهید انبار کنید. مخازن ذخیره سازی مواد شیمیایی پلی اتیلن مقرون به صرفه ، محکم و قوی هستند. مخازن ذخیره سازی پلی اتیلن در قالب ساخته می شوند که احتمال خطای انسانی را رد می کند. علاوه بر این ، این مخازن در نوع های مختلفی وجود دارند که به محافظت از محیط ذخیره سازی ، مواد شیمیایی و کارمندان شما کمک می کنند.
انواع اصلی مواد پلی اتیلن مورد استفاده در مخازن ذخیره سازی مواد شیمیایی عبارتند از:
- پلی اتیلن خطی
- پلی اتیلن متقابل (XLPE)
مخازن پیازی کروی گزینه مناسبی برای ذخیره سریع آب در مواقع اضطراری است. این تانک ها دارای اتصالات آسان برای دسترسی هستند. علاوه بر این ، این مخازن قابل حمل هستند و همچنین در عرض چند دقیقه قابل تنظیم هستند.
مخازن بالشتی قابل جمع شدن - که به مخازن مخروط ، مثانه یا بالش نیز گفته می شود - یک راه حل موقتی است که قابل استفاده مجدد برای ذخیره سازی است. البته تانک پلی اتیلن هم گاهی میتواند این خصوصیات را داشته باشد.
مخازن پلی نیز کاربردهای داخلی دارند. آنها برای کاربردهای مختلف از جمله جمع آوری آب باران و ذخیره آب آشامیدنی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند. مخازن پلی در انواع مختلفی وجود دارد که شامل مخازن فاضلاب ، مخازن سیار ، بالای مخازن زمینی و موارد دیگر می باشد.
مخازن ذخیره سازی مایع فایبرگلاس با دوام هستند و همچنین به راحتی خوردگی یا زنگ زدگی پیدا نمیکنند. این مخازن از مقاومت زیادی در برابر دما برخوردار هستند. آنها دارای روکشهای مختلفی هستند که عملکرد بهینه را با نیازهای مختلف ذخیره سازی مایعات ارائه می دهند.
مخازن فولادی جوش داده شده یک راه حل قابل اعتماد برای ذخیره سازی در طولانی مدت است. آنها به اشکال و اندازه های مختلفی ارائه می شوند تا انواع مختلف مواد را در خود جای دهند. مخازن نگهدارنده مایع از جنس استیل ، همه کاره ، بادوام ، مقرون به صرفه بوده و از ماندگاری خوبی برخوردار است. آنها با استفاده از فولاد راه راه گالوانیزه ساخته می شوند. این مخازن در اندازه های مختلف نیز موجود هستند و همچنین می توانند برای رفع نیازهای خاص پروژه تنظیم شوند. مخازن فلزی راه راه برای جمع آوری آب باران ، آب های فرآیند صنعتی یا مهار آتش استفاده می شود.
وان و منبع آب پلی اتیلن ضد جلبک چندلایه
ذخیره آب برای اهداف داخلی ، مسکونی ، صنعتی و تجاری از اهمیت بسیاری برخوردار است. مخازن پلاستیکی ذخیره آب یکی از بهترین راه ها برای ذخیره سازی آب به طور معمول است. مخازن پلاستیکی سبک و بسیار بادوام هستند و در مقایسه با مخازن سیمانی و بتونی فضای کمتری اشغال می کنند. علاوه بر این ، مخازن پلاستیکی انعطاف پذیری بیشتری نسبت به مخازن ذخیره سازی معمولی دارند. چنین مزایایی مخازن آب پلاستیکی را به گزینه ای محبوب تبدیل کرده است.
موادی که برای ساخت مخازن پلاستیکی ذخیره آب استفاده می شود از جمله مخازن آب پلاستیکی با مواد مختلفی مانند پلی اتیلن با چگالی کم ، مواد شیشه ای فایبر یا پلی پروپیلن ساخته می شوند.
مخازن ذخیره سازی پلاستیکی کاربردهای فراوانی در فرآوری مواد غذایی ، ظروف فاضلاب ، ساخت مواد شیمیایی ، دریچه های کورکننده در کشاورزی و آبیاری هستند. مخازن پلاستیکی بر اساس نوع مایعی که قرار است نگهداری کنند ساخته می شوند. ظرفیت ذخیره سازی این مخازن بین 1.5 تا 1.9 وزن مخصوص است. پلاستیک مورد استفاده در مخزن ذخیره سازی معمولاً باعث می شود سطح مایع به راحتی قابل مشاهده باشد.
مخازن نگهدارنده پلاستیک به طور گسترده ای برای ذخیره مایعاتی استفاده می شود که شامل آب نمک ، ، روغن نباتی ، صابون ، مواد تمیز کننده ، مواد شیمیایی صنعتی ، مواد شیمیایی کشاورزی و مزرعه ، مایع اگزوز دیزل (DEF) ، کودهای مایع ، آب آشامیدنی و آب غیر قابل شرب است.
مخازن پلاستیکی ذخیره آب با توجه به نوع پلیمر ، نوع پلاستیک ، اندازه ، شکل و کاربرد در انواع مختلفی قابل طبقه بندی هستند. بعضی خصوصیات مخزن پلاستیکی مایعات:
- بر اساس نوع پلیمر ، مخازن پلاستیکی را می توان اینگونه طبقه بندی کرد - پلی اتیلن ، فایبرگلاس و سایر مواد.
- بر اساس نوع پلاستیک استفاده شده برای ساخت آنها میتوان به پلاستیک نو و پلاستیک بازیافت شده آنها را تقسیم کرد.
- مطابق شکل ، مخازن پلاستیکی ذخیره آب می توانند به شکل های مستطیل ، استوانه ای و ... تقسیم شوند.
- براساس اندازه ، این مخازن را می توان در سایز های - بزرگ (بیشتر از 5000 لیتر) ، متوسط (از 1000 لیتر تا 5000 لیتر) و کوچک (کمتر از 1000 لیتر) طبقه بندی کرد.
- بر اساس کاربرد ، این مخازن ذخیره سازی می توانند به - صنعتی ، شهری ، مسکونی و تجاری تقسیم شوند.
مخازن ذخیره آب و مایعات برای ذخیره انواع مایعات مانند نفت سفید ، جت A ، دیزل ، بنزین ، روغن دور ریختنی و برای دفن زیرزمینی و کاربردهای تحت فشار استفاده می شود. مخازن ذخیره سازی مایع در انواع مختلفی قرار می گیرند که هر نوع کاربردهای خاص خود را دارد. مخازن استوانه ای با ابعاد متوسط معمولاً با پلیمرهای بازیافتی ساخته می شوند که از جنس پلی اتیلن هستند.
این اطلاعات ایده مختصری در مورد انواع مختلف مخازن ذخیره سازی صنعتی به شما می دهد. مخازن صنعتی کاربردهای گسترده ای دارند. اما ، صاحبان مخازن و کاربران صنعتی باید از اقدامات لازم برای نگهداری مخازن در شرایط امن و مطمئن اطمینان حاصل کنند.
مخزن تک پوست یک لایه دارد و مخزن دوتایی دارای دو لایه پلاستیک یا استیل است. مخازن دوپوسته ای نیز به عنوان مخازن دو جداره شناخته می شوند. این نوع مخزن ذخیره روغن صنعتی قبلاً مورد استفاده قرار می گرفت. اکنون به دلیل اتلاف ناشی از تبخیر و همچنین خطر آتش گرفتن روغن ، استفاده از آن محدود است.بهروز نعمتی با اشاره به پیگیریهای صورت گرفته درباره بازداشتیهای اعتراضات اخیر و برگزاری جلساتی در این زمینه گفت: بازداشتی ها سه گروه هستند. یک گروه عاملین اصلی و آمرین که طراحی اعتراضات و آتش زدن اماکن عمومی را بر عهده داشتند و اقدام به ساختارشکنی کردند. این افراد کمتر از صد نفر هستند و طبق خواسته مردم، قوه قضائیه و نهادهای امنیتی باید شدیدا با آنها برخورد شود.
به گزارش ایسنا، وی افزود: گروه دوم تحت تاثیر قرار گرفتند و از روی غفلت و احساسات در این اعتراضات حضور داشتند که جمعیت آنها هفت هشت برابر نیروهای اولیه است که این افراد ظرف امروز و فردا با وثیقه یا تعهدنامه آزاد می شوند. گروه سوم کسانی هستند که اعتراضاتی در مورد مسائل معیشتی و اقتصادی و موضوعات مختلف داشتند. تعداد اینها هم به اندازه گروه دوم است تقریبا همه این افراد تا دیروز بعد از ظهر آزاد شده و تعیین تکلیف شدند.
سخنگوی هیات رئیسه مجلس با بیان اینکه رقم کل بازداشتیها در اعتراضات اخیر بین ۲۷۰۰ تا ۳۲۰۰ نفر بوده است، اظهار کرد: با توجه به اینکه برخی از آنها در دو ضابط پاسخگو بودند، آمارشان از سوی هر دو نهاد ارائه شده است.In 1995, delegates to the American Nurses Association (ANA) convention stated once again that a baccalaureate degree should be the minimum requirement for registered nurse licensure. Originally proposed by the ANA in 1965, nurse leaders and educators in the United States have not mandated one entry level, a baccalaureate degree, for entry to professional nursing practice. Yet nurses in the U.S. are not alone in encountering impediments, as their system of education moves from Nightingale-inspired, hospital-based diploma programs to university-based degrees. Appreciation of recent international developments in nursing education may provide generalized collégial support for timely educational reform within the United States and facilitate global understanding among nurses. This paper summarizes the history and current status of nursing education in four English-speaking countries: Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. Because of differences in nomenclature among the four countries, care has been taken to define institutions and educational programs. Furthermore, to facilitate a broad assessment of nursing education in each country, a summary of the principal academic sites and duration of the programs is provided (Table).
AUSTRALIAN NURSING EDUCATION
The Nightingale model of nurse training was introduced into Australia in 1868 by Lucy Osburn, a Nightingale trainee, at what was then the Sydney Infirmary. Initially, the Australian Trained Nurses Association and the Victorian Trained Nurses Association controlled nurse training. Members of these organizations were very successful in standardizing and improving nurse training programs and introduced a register of trained nurses. During the 1920s and 1930s, statutory authorities were introduced to control nurse training throughout Australia (Russell, 1990). The functions of these statutory authorities included supervising nurse training and accrediting hospital-based nurse training schools. These authorities also maintained a register of trained nurses and conducted state-wide registration examinations.
Principal Academic Venue and Length of Prereglstration Nursing Programs
Until the 1960s, this pattern of nurse training, subject to government control and regulation, continued across Australia (Russell, 1990). In addition, a variety of specialist preregistration nursing courses were developed. For example, during the 1960s in New South Wales there were six areas in which registration as a separate certificate or license to practice was approved by the Nurses' Registration Board: general, psychiatric, geriatric, mental retardation, midwifery, and mothercraft nursing. Similar patterns developed in all other states although the states differed in the areas they approved for registration. However, the general nursing course still provided the basis for other post-basic specialist training and was available in all states.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the nursing profession in Australia passed through a period of industrial and professional turmoil leading to many significant changes. This turmoil is well demonstrated by the plethora of expert committees and workshops that were established, both by the government and the profession itself, to investigate various aspects of nursing. All these reports contained many, and often conflicting, recommendations on how the ills besetting the nursing profession and its educational preparation could be remedied. The reports were widely circulated and discussed both inside and outside the nursing profession.
It was during this period that the appropriate venue for nurse education began to be seriously reconsidered. Arguments were being advanced to retain the current hospital-based apprenticeship system, or to transfer this education into colleges of advanced education either totally or in part; or to establish nurse education at the university level; or any combinations of these. The newly developed colleges of advanced education provided undergraduate, vocationally-oriented diploma programs that were strongly linked to industry. It was also during this period that a number of new patterns of nurse education began to emerge. These new patterns included the development of regional schools of nursing, combined degree and nursing courses, and pilot nursing programs within a number of colleges of advanced education (Russell, 1990).
Changes to nursing and nurse education were influenced by multiple factors: nurses' changing role; developments taking place in nursing and nurse education overseas, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States of America; the increasing cohesiveness between the various nursing organizations within Australia; and general social concerns. The latter included the changing role of women within society, government initiatives, or lack thereof, and ongoing funding constraints (Russell, 1990).
In 1984, the Federal Government of Australia announced its support for the transfer of basic nurse education into the higher education sector. Members of the nursing organizations, who had worked so hard and long to achieve a national decision, received this announcement with jubilation. Dr. Margretta Styles, then president of the International Council of Nurses, stated: The world of nursing, and I mean literally the world of nursing watches you with wonder and awe and hope as you revolutionize your system of basic nursing education" (Styles, 1990). This transfer has occurred at varying rates in each state and territory with the last intakes into hospital-based programs being as late as 1990 in Queensland (Nursing Education, 1994). The federal government also agreed to become responsible for funding these programs across Australia.
The first state to achieve the transfer of all basic nurse education into the higher education sector, starting in 1985, was New South Wales. Twelve colleges of advanced education and one university offered the new, comprehensive, Diploma of Applied Science (Nursing) course. A further two colleges of advanced education, in which pilot programs for nurses had been offered, now dramatically increased their course intakes.
The 1989 abolition of the advanced education sector, and the establishment of the Unified National System of Higher Education, placed a question mark over the future of the newly established nursing diploma courses. It was finally proposed by the Australian Education Council that the initial qualification for those undertaking registered nurse education should be a three-year bachelor's degree. Efforts by the profession to secure a four-year (honors level) bachelor's degree as the norm were unsuccessful. The target year for all nursing programs in the higher education sector to be at degree level was set as 1992- a target that has now been reached (Nursing Education, 1994).
There is no national licensing examination in Australia. Each state or territory statutory authority accredits individual university programs that meet the specific requirements of that authority. Therefore, to gain registration as a nurse, applicants need to provide documentation to the statutory authority that they have completed an accredited program.
NEW ZEALAND NURSING EDUCATION
From the 188Os, nurses trained under the Nightingale model in English hospitals emigrated to New Zealand and introduced new standards of nursing (Kinross, 1984). In New Zealand, as in other Western countries, "a heavy emphasis on obethence as the first law of service to others was both an inspiration for, and the aim of, early nurse training" (Rodgers, 1987, p. 54). Following the New Zealand Nurses Act of 1901, New Zealand became the first country to register nurses.
Apart from an instance during the 1920s, when Otago University briefly offered a two-year diploma of nursing program, New Zealand had, up to 1973, one common curriculum for general nursing programs. This common core of "learning," audited by the Nursing Council of New Zealand, set the hours of practice and theory, and judged, through final examinations in medical-surgical and obstetrical nursing, the final outcomes for every student from New Zealand's 27 hospital-based training programs. Specialist preregistration programs in psychiatry, psychopaedic (nursing children with intellectual disability), and maternity nursing were also available separate from general nursing training.
By 1973, following an investigation by Eh-. Helen Carpenter, a Canadian nurse educator and a World Health Organization Consultant (Carpenter, 1971), nursing education was redirected away from hospital-based apprenticeships into polytechnics, institutions that catered for trades and design students. While Carpenter recommended that preregistration nursing education should be by undergraduate degrees it is only in the last two years that undergraduate degrees have been formally adopted as the basis of preregistration education. Since 1996, all 15 polytechnics offering nursing programs have been able to apply for degree-granting rights, and nursing diploma programs have been upgraded to degree programs. Nurses
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sıra ilgi çekici aktiviteler de dahil olmak üzere bir aile gündüz bakım ortamında çocuklara kaliteli bakım sağlayın.
- Kreşin misyonu ve değerlerine uygun olarak çocukların büyümesi ve gelişmesi için güvenli ve besleyici bir ortam yaratın.
- Her çocuğun bireysel ihtiyaçlarına göre faaliyetler geliştirin ve uygulayın.
- Çocuklarının gelişimi hakkında ebeveynlerle iletişim kurun.
- Günlük bakım tesisinin, ekipmanların ve malzemelerin temizliğini sağlayın.
- Öğretmen Yardımcısı, ABC İlkokulu, Anytown, CA, Ağustos 2014 - Mayıs 2015
- İlkokul sınıflarındaki öğretmenlere günlük faaliyetlerde yardımcı olmuştur.
- Öğle yemeği ve teneffüslerde çocukları denetlemeye ve izlemeye yardımcı oldu.
- Özel ihtiyaçları olan çocuklara ek destek sağladı.
- Eğitim materyalleri ve malzemeleri hazırlandı ve organize edildi.
Eğitim:
ABC Üniversitesi, Anytown, CA
Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Lisans Programı, Haziran 2014
Beceriler:
- Çocuk Bakımı
- İlk Yardım ve CPR Sertifikası
- Organizasyonel Beceriler
- İletişim Becerileri
- Zihinsel ve Fiziksel Gelişim
Sertifikalar ve Diller:
- İlk Yardım ve CPR Sertifikası, Haziran 2015
- Akıcı İngilizce ve İspanyolca
Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi için özgeçmiş ipuçları
Mükemmel, kariyerinizi başlatacak bir özgeçmiş oluşturmak kolay bir iş değildir. Genel yazım kurallarına uymak yardımcı olabilir, ancak özel iş arayışınıza göre uyarlanmış tavsiyeler almak da akıllıca olacaktır. İstihdam dünyasında yeniyseniz, Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi özgeçmiş ipuçlarına ihtiyacınız vardır.
Tecrübeli Çocuk Bakım Görevlisinden en iyi ipuçlarını topladık - Sadece yazma sürecinizi kolaylaştırmak için değil, aynı zamanda potansiyel işverenlerin ilgisini çeken bir özgeçmiş oluşturma şansınızı artırmak için tavsiyelerine göz atın.
- Ulusal Çocuk Bakımı Profesyonelleri Birliği gibi ilgili sertifikaları vurgulayın.
- Bir grup çocuğa öğretmenlik, yöneticilik veya liderlik yapma konusunda sahip olduğunuz deneyimleri listeleyin.
- Çocuklara bakarken faydalı olabilecek ilk yardım veya CPR gibi özel becerilerinizden bahsedin.
- Herhangi bir gönüllü veya toplum hizmeti deneyiminizi vurgulayarak kaliteli bakım sağlama konusundaki kararlılığınızı gösterin.
- Mükemmel iş ahlakınız ve deneyiminiz için kefil olabilecek eski işverenler veya öğretmenler gibi referansları ekleyin.
Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi Özgeçmiş Özet Örnekleri
Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi Özgeçmiş Özeti veya Özgeçmiş Hedefi, işverenlere nitelikleriniz, deneyiminiz ve becerileriniz hakkında kısa bir genel bakış sağladığı için özgeçmişin önemli bir parçasıdır. İş için doğru aday olup olmadığınızı hızlı bir şekilde belirlemelerine yardımcı olur. Özet veya hedef, sizi en uygun aday yapan niteliklere ve deneyime odaklanarak belirli bir iş açılışına göre uyarlanmalıdır. En ilgili beceri ve deneyimleri vurgulayarak, özgeçmişinizin diğer adaylar arasında öne çıkmasını sağlayabilirsiniz.
Örnek için:
- Her yaştan çocuğa kaliteli bakım sağlama konusunda yetenekli, yüksek motivasyonlu Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi. Olumlu öğrenme ortamları yaratma ve sağlıklı yaşam tarzlarını teşvik etme konusunda tutkulu.
- Mükemmel iletişim ve problem çözme yetenekleri sunan deneyimli Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi. Çocuklarla ve ailelerle güçlü ilişkiler kurma konusunda kanıtlanmış yetenek.
- Çocuklara güvenli ve besleyici bir ortam sağlamayı taahhüt eden yakışıklı Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi. Gelişimsel olarak uygun aktivitelere rehberlik etme konusunda deneyimli.
- Çocukların tam potansiyellerine ulaşmalarına yardımcı olma tutkusuna sahip organize Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi. Günlük aktiviteleri organize etme ve duygusal destek sağlama konusunda uzmanlık.
- Çeşitli yaşlardaki çocuklar için olağanüstü bakım sağlayan becerikli Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi. İlgi çekici aktiviteler planlama ve uygulama ve günlük destek sağlama konusunda yetenekli.
Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi Özgeçmişiniz İçin Güçlü Bir Deneyim Bölümü Oluşturun
Çocuk bakım görevlisi özgeçmişindeki güçlü bir deneyim bölümü, işverenlerin başvuru sahibinin geçmişte ne tür işler yaptığı ve benzer bir rolün üstesinden nasıl gelebileceği konusunda fikir edinmesine yardımcı olur. İşverenlerin başvuru sahibinin sorumluluk düzeyini, yaratıcılığını ve işe bağlılığını görmelerini sağlar. İşverenler, başvuru sahibinin geçmiş iş geçmişini sergileyerek, bir çocuk bakım görevlisinde arayacakları nitelikler hakkında daha iyi bir fikir edinebilirler. Ayrıca, başvuru sahibinin role uygulanabilecek aktarılabilir becerilerini ve niteliklerini vurgulamaya hizmet eder.
Örneğin:
- 3-12 yaş arası 10 çocuğa birincil bakım sağladı, güvenliklerini sağladı ve duygusal destek sağladı.
- Çocukları öğrenme deneyimlerine dahil etmek için günlük ders planlarının geliştirilmesine ve uygulanmasına yardımcı oldu.
- Açık hava oyunları, yemek zamanı, uyku zamanı ve sanat ve el sanatları dahil olmak üzere çeşitli etkinliklerde çocukları denetledi.
- Çocukları sosyal ve duygusal açıdan gelişmeye teşvik ederek güvenli ve olumlu bir öğrenme ortamı sağladı.
- Çocukların davranışlarını etkili bir şekilde yönetmek için pozitif disiplin teknikleri geliştirmiş ve uygulamıştır.
- Çocukları bağımsız olmaya ve kendilerine bakmaya teşvik etti.
- Her türlü soruyu yanıtlayarak ve endişeleri gidererek ebeveynlere mükemmel müşteri hizmeti sağladı.
- Katılım, faaliyet ve malzeme kayıtlarını tuttu.
- Sağlıklı ve besleyici olmalarını sağlayarak atıştırmalıklar ve yemekler hazırladı.
- Sınıfın ve oyun alanlarının temizliğine ve bakımına yardımcı oldu.
Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi özgeçmiş eğitim örneği
Bir Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi, Çocuk Gelişim Uzmanı (CDA) kimlik belgesine veya tanınmış bir kuruluştan eşdeğer bir kimlik belgesine sahip olmalıdır. Ayrıca İlk Yardım ve CPR sertifikalarına sahip olmalı ve çocuk gelişimi ve güvenlik uygulamaları hakkında bilgili olmalıdırlar. Eyalete ve işverene bağlı olarak, lise diploması veya GED, çocuk bakım ortamında deneyim ve/veya erken çocukluk eğitiminde ek eğitim kursları gibi ek nitelikler gerekebilir.
İşte bir Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi özgeçmişi için uygun bir deneyim listesi örneği:
- Lise Diploması, XYZ Lisesi (Haziran 2017)
- Çocuk Gelişim Sorumlusu Sertifikası, ABC Enstitüsü (Ağustos 2019)
- İlk Yardım ve CPR Sertifikalı, DEF Üniversitesi (Mayıs 2020)
- Erken Çocukluk Eğitimine Giriş, GHI College (Haziran 2020)
Özgeçmiş için Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi Becerileri
Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi özgeçmişine beceri eklemek önemlidir çünkü işe alım yöneticisinin adayın güçlü yönlerini ve niteliklerini hızlı bir şekilde belirlemesini sağlar. Adayın rolde mükemmelleşmek için gerekli beceri ve bilgiye sahip olduğunu göstermeye yardımcı olur. Dahil edilebilecek becerilere örnek olarak iletişim, organizasyon, problem çözme, liderlik ve kişiler arası beceriler verilebilir.
Yumuşak Beceriler:
- Çocuk Gelişimi
- Kişilerarası Beceriler
- Organizasyonel Beceriler
- Sabır
- Esneklik
- Yaratıcılık
- İletişim
- Problem Çözme
- Zaman Yönetimi
- Çoklu Görev
Zor Beceriler:
- Çocuk bakımı deneyimi
- Çocuk gelişimi
- CPR/İlk Yardım
- Beslenme yönetimi
- Güvenlik protokolleri
- Zaman yönetimi
- Davranışsal yönetim
- Kişilerarası beceriler
- Çoklu görev
- Organizasyonel beceriler
Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi Özgeçmişi Yazarken Kaçınılması Gereken Yaygın Hatalar
Bu rekabetçi iş piyasasında, işverenler her açık pozisyon için ortalama 180 başvuru alıyor. Bu özgeçmişleri işlemek için şirketler genellikle özgeçmişleri eleyebilen ve en az nitelikli başvuru sahiplerini eleyebilen otomatik başvuru takip sistemlerine güvenmektedir. Özgeçmişiniz bu botları geçmeyi başaran birkaç kişi arasındaysa, yine de işe alım uzmanını veya işe alım müdürünü etkilemelidir. Çok sayıda başvuru geldiği için, işe alım uzmanları genellikle her bir özgeçmişi eleyip elemeyeceklerine karar vermeden önce sadece 5 saniye ayırırlar. Bunu göz önünde bulundurarak, başvurunuza atılmasına neden olabilecek dikkat dağıtıcı bilgiler eklemekten kaçınmak en iyisidir. Özgeçmişinizin öne çıkmasını sağlamaya yardımcı olmak için, iş başvurunuza neleri eklememeniz gerektiğini gösteren aşağıdaki listeyi inceleyin.
- Ön yazı eklememek. Ön yazı, iş için neden en iyi aday olduğunuzu ve pozisyonu neden istediğinizi açıklamanın harika bir yoludur.
- Çok fazla jargon kullanmak. İşe alım yöneticileri anlamadıkları teknik terimlerle dolu bir özgeçmiş okumak istemezler.
- Önemli ayrıntıları atlamak. İletişim bilgilerinizi, eğitim geçmişinizi, iş geçmişinizi ve ilgili beceri ve deneyimlerinizi eklediğinizden emin olun.
- Genel bir şablon kullanmak. Özgeçmişinizi başvurduğunuz işe göre özelleştirmek için zaman ayırın. Bu, işverene pozisyon konusunda ciddi olduğunuzu gösterecektir.
- Yazım ve dilbilgisi hataları. Yazım hataları, imla hataları ve dilbilgisi hataları için özgeçmişinizi her zaman iki kez kontrol edin.
- Görevlere çok fazla odaklanmak. İşverene harika bir aday olduğunuzu göstermek için başarılarınızı ve başarılarınızı eklediğinizden emin olun.
- Kişisel bilgileri dahil etmek. Yaş, medeni durum veya dini inançlar gibi kişisel bilgileri eklemekten kaçının.
Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi özgeçmişi için temel çıkarımlar
- Çocuk bakımı ile ilgili eğitim ve sertifikalarınızı vurgulayın.
- Bebek bakıcılığı, gönüllülük veya dadılık gibi çocuklarla çalışma deneyiminizi de ekleyin.
- Güçlü iletişim, organizasyon ve çoklu görev becerilerinizi sergileyin.
- Çocuk bakımı alanına bağlılığınızı gösteren herhangi bir ek sertifika veya niteliği detaylandırın.
- Çocuk bakım görevlisi olarak aldığınız ödül veya takdirlerden bahsedin.
- Çocuklar için güvenli ve sağlıklı bir ortamı teşvik etme becerinizi vurgulayın.
- Çocuk gelişimi, güvenliği ve beslenmesi hakkında bilgi sahibi olduğunuzu gösterin.
İş aramaya başlamanın zamanı geldi. Elinizden gelenin en iyisini yaptığınızdan emin olun ve aşağıdakilerin yardımıyla bir sonraki posta hizmeti işinizi bulun ozgecmis.app.T-Cell Therapy Claims Unparalleled Success in ALL Study
Cancer fighters are hailing new immunotherapy research and calling it the cure to a disease that kills several millions worldwide every year.
Scientists working with T-cells, a type of white blood cells that constitute the body's immunity, have reported unparalleled cure rates in treating advance-stage blood cancers. They claim that genetically modified T-cells are able to fight the disease who were given only months to live.
According to The Guardian, the therapy involves selecting white blood cells for 'tweaking'. Genetically modified sensor cells are attached to them to seek and destroy cancer cells. The tweaked T-cells are then injected into the body to proliferate and mount an immune response to cancer. The therapy has shown astounding results in treating Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and other blood cancers including lymphomas.
The ALL study presented at American Association for Advancement of Science, claimed that 94 % participants had no symptoms after treatment.
"This is unprecedented in medicine to be honest, to get response rates in this range in these very advanced patients," said the study's lead scientist Stanley Riddell, according to The Independent.
While the study has generated optimism, some are guarded. Muiris Houston wrote in The Irish Times that the trial was not blinded and no comparisons were made with standard treatments. Additionally, a need to analyze the side-effects of T-cell therapy was pointed out. Some of the participants in the study's trial reported fever and low blood pressure while two deaths were also reported. Another major concern with T-cell therapy is an abundance of defense, also called cytokine release syndrome.
The AAAS study was restricted to treating blood cancers as the treatment's efficacy in treating solid malignancies is yet to be tested.人民心力为革命成功的基础
各位同志：
此次吾党改组，志在将本党势力在中国内地各省尽力扩充。向来本党势力多在海外，故吾党在海外有地盘、有同志，而中国内地势力甚为薄弱。所以吾党历年在国内的奋斗，专用兵力；兵力胜利，吾党随之胜利，兵力失败，则吾党亦随之失败。故此次吾党改组唯一之目的，在乎不单独倚靠兵力，要倚靠吾党本身力量。
所谓吾党本身力量者，就是人民的心力。吾党从今以后，要以人民的心力为吾党力量，要用人民心力奋斗。人民的心力与兵力，二者可以并行不悖。但两者之间，究竟应以何者为基础？应以何者为最足靠？自然当以人民的心力做基础，为最足靠。若单独倚靠兵力，是不足靠的，因为兵力胜败无常。吾党必要先有一种基本力量做基础，然后兵力有足靠之希望。假使没有一种基本力量做基础，虽有兵力，亦不足恃。
吾党在国内以兵力奋斗而胜利者，已有三次。武昌起义，推翻满清，建设共和，是吾党兵力成功的第一次。袁氏称帝，讨袁军兴，推翻洪宪，是吾党兵力成功的第二次。张勋复辟，吾党提倡护法，其后徐氏１退位[徐世昌。]，以至陈炯明谋叛，北方武人亦承认护法，是吾党兵力成功的第三次。但三次之成功，皆不能达革命之目的。是兵力虽成功，而革命仍未成功，因为吾党尚欠缺力量之故。所欠缺者是何种力量？就是人民心力。当时中国人民不赞成革命，多数人民不为革命而奋斗。革命行动欠缺人民心力，无异无源之水，无根之木。即如近几天，陈逆炯明率其部下迫攻广州，以作孤注之一掷，我军本其奋斗精神与之抵抗，已将陈逆部队打得七零八落，在广州方面亦可说是兵力的成功。但将来能收得效果若干，将来结果如何，诚不能预定；且将来所得结果是善果抑是恶果，亦不能预定。所以吾党想立于不败之地，今后奋斗的途径，必先要得民心，要国内人民与吾党同一个志愿，要使国内人民皆与吾党合作，同为革命而奋斗。必如此方可以成功；且必有此力量，革命方可以决其成功。盖以兵力战斗而成功，是不足靠的；以党员力量奋斗而成功，是足靠的。质而言之，靠兵力不得谓之成功，靠党员方是成功；即以兵力打胜仗非真成功，以党员打胜仗方是真成功。
如何是以党员打胜仗？就是凡属党员，皆负一种责任，人人皆为党而奋斗，人人皆为党的主义而宣传。一个党员，努力为吾党主义宣传，能感化一千几百人。此一千几百人，亦努力为吾党主义宣传，再能感化数十万人或数百万人。如此推去，吾党主义自能普遍于全中国人民。此种奋斗，可谓之“以主义征服”。以主义征服，是人民心悦诚服，所谓“得其心者得其民，得其民者得其国”，就是这个道理。
中国自辛亥革命以至今日已经过十二年，而国内纠纷愈甚，政治经济诸端反呈退化现象，其原因何在？简括言之，即是吾党奋斗未曾成功之故。在辛亥革命以前，吾党党员非不奋斗，但自辛亥革命以后，热心消灭，奋斗之精神逐渐丧失。人人皆以为辛亥革命推翻满清便是革命成功，革命事业不肯继续做去，这是最大的原因。至此等错误思想发生的原因，不能不稍详细说明。
回忆武昌起义时，我从海外遄返上海，当时长江南北莫不赞成革命，即如上海一隅，虽至腐
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diabetic islets from organ donors2
. Here we share our protocol for isolating islets from human pancreatic tissue obtained from type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients who have undergone partial pancreatectomy due to different pancreatic diseases (benign or malignant pancreatic tumors, chronic pancreatitis, and common bile duct or duodenal tumors). All patients involved gave their consent to this study, which had also been approved by the local ethics committee. The surgical specimens were immediately delivered to the pathologist who selected soft and healthy appearing pancreatic tissue for islet isolation, retaining the damaged tissue for diagnostic purposes. We found that to isolate more than 1,000 islets, we had to begin with at least 2 g of pancreatic tissue. Also essential to our protocol was to visibly distend the tissue when injecting the enzyme-containing media and subsequently mince it to aid digestion by increasing the surface area.
To extend the applicability of our protocol to include the occasional case in which a large amount (>15g) of human pancreatic tissue is available , we used a Ricordi chamber (50 ml) to digest the tissue. During digestion, we manually shook the Ricordi chamber3
at an intensity that varied by specimen according to its level of tissue fibrosis. A discontinous Ficoll gradient was then used to separate the islets from acinar tissue. We noted that the tissue pellet should be small enough to be homogenously resuspended in Ficoll medium with a density of 1.125 g/ml. After isolation, we cultured the islets under stress free conditions (no shaking or rotation) with 5% CO2
at 37 °C for at least 48 h in order to facilitate their functional recovery. Widespread application of our protocol and its future improvement could enable the timely harvesting of large quantities of human islets from diabetic and clinically matched non-diabetic subjects, greatly advancing type 2 diabetes research.
Medicine, Issue 53, human islets, Diabetes mellitus, partial pancreatectomy, human islet isolation
A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
Institutions: Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science.
Diabetes mellitus currently affects 346 million individuals and this is projected to increase to 400 million by 2030. Evidence from both the laboratory and large scale clinical trials has revealed that diabetic complications progress unimpeded via the phenomenon of metabolic memory even when glycemic control is pharmaceutically achieved. Gene expression can be stably altered through epigenetic changes which not only allow cells and organisms to quickly respond to changing environmental stimuli but also confer the ability of the cell to "memorize" these encounters once the stimulus is removed. As such, the roles that these mechanisms play in the metabolic memory phenomenon are currently being examined.
We have recently reported the development of a zebrafish model of type I diabetes mellitus and characterized this model to show that diabetic zebrafish not only display the known secondary complications including the changes associated with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and impaired wound healing but also exhibit impaired caudal fin regeneration. This model is unique in that the zebrafish is capable to regenerate its damaged pancreas and restore a euglycemic state similar to what would be expected in post-transplant human patients. Moreover, multiple rounds of caudal fin amputation allow for the separation and study of pure epigenetic effects in an in vivo
system without potential complicating factors from the previous diabetic state. Although euglycemia is achieved following pancreatic regeneration, the diabetic secondary complication of fin regeneration and skin wound healing persists indefinitely. In the case of impaired fin regeneration, this pathology is retained even after multiple rounds of fin regeneration in the daughter fin tissues. These observations point to an underlying epigenetic process existing in the metabolic memory state. Here we present the methods needed to successfully generate the diabetic and metabolic memory groups of fish and discuss the advantages of this model.
Medicine, Issue 72, Genetics, Genomics, Physiology, Anatomy, Biomedical Engineering, Metabolomics, Zebrafish, diabetes, metabolic memory, tissue regeneration, streptozocin, epigenetics, Danio rerio, animal model, diabetes mellitus, diabetes, drug discovery, hyperglycemia
A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat
Institutions: CRCHUM, University of Montreal.
Chronic exposure to excessive levels of nutrients is postulated to affect the function of several organs and tissues and to contribute to the development of the many complications associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes. To study the mechanisms by which excessive levels of glucose and fatty acids affect the pancreatic beta-cell and the secretion of insulin, we have established a chronic nutrient infusion model in the rat. The procedure consists of catheterizing the right jugular vein and left carotid artery under general anesthesia; allowing a 7-day recuperation period; connecting the catheters to the pumps using a swivel and counterweight system that enables the animal to move freely in the cage; and infusing glucose and/or Intralipid (a soybean oil emulsion which generates a mixture of approximately 80% unsaturated/20% saturated fatty acids when infused with heparin) for 72 hr. This model offers several advantages, including the possibility to finely modulate the target levels of circulating glucose and fatty acids; the option to co-infuse pharmacological compounds; and the relatively short time frame as opposed to dietary models. It can be used to examine the mechanisms of nutrient-induced dysfunction in a variety of organs and to test the effectiveness of drugs in this context.
Biomedical Engineering, Issue 78, Medicine, Anatomy, Physiology, Basic Protocols, Surgery, Metabolic Diseases, Infusions, Intravenous, Infusion Pumps, Glucolipotoxicity, Rat, Infusion, Glucose, Intralipid, Catheter, canulation, canula, diabetes, animal model
A High-throughput Method for Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Conscious Mice
Institutions: University of California, San Diego , San Diego VA Healthcare System.
The measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard in kidney function assessment. Currently, investigators determine GFR by measuring the level of the endogenous biomarker creatinine or exogenously applied radioactive labeled inulin (3
H or 14
C). Creatinine has the substantial drawback that proximal tubular secretion accounts for ~50% of total renal creatinine excretion and therefore creatinine is not a reliable GFR marker. Depending on the experiment performed, inulin clearance can be determined by an intravenous single bolus injection or continuous infusion (intravenous or osmotic minipump). Both approaches require the collection of plasma or plasma and urine, respectively. Other drawbacks of radioactive labeled inulin include usage of isotopes, time consuming surgical preparation of the animals, and the requirement of a terminal experiment. Here we describe a method which uses a single bolus injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate-(FITC) labeled inulin and the measurement of its fluorescence in 1-2 μl of diluted plasma. By applying a two-compartment model, with 8 blood collections per mouse, it is possible to measure GFR in up to 24 mice per day using a special work-flow protocol. This method only requires brief isoflurane anesthesia with all the blood samples being collected in a non-restrained and awake mouse. Another advantage is that it is possible to follow mice over a period of several months and treatments (i.e.
doing paired experiments with dietary changes or drug applications). We hope that this technique of measuring GFR is useful to other investigators studying mouse kidney function and will replace less accurate methods of estimating kidney function, such as plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen.
Medicine, Issue 75, Anatomy, Physiology, Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Biology, Nephrology, Kidney Function Tests, Glomerular filtration rate, rats, mice, conscious, creatinine, inulin, Jaffe, hypertension, HPLC, animal model
A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination
Institutions: University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Waterloo.
Uncontrolled glycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and promotes morbidities like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, both immune-mediated type 1 and obesity-linked type 2, studies aimed at delineating diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic mechanisms are of critical importance. The β-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are responsible for appropriately secreting insulin in response to elevated blood glucose concentrations. In addition to glucose and other nutrients, the β-cells are also stimulated by specific hormones, termed incretins, which are secreted from the gut in response to a meal and act on β-cell receptors that increase the production of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Decreased β-cell function, mass, and incretin responsiveness are well-understood to contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and are also being increasingly linked with type 1 diabetes. The present mouse islet isolation and cAMP determination protocol can be a tool to help delineate mechanisms promoting disease progression and therapeutic interventions, particularly those that are mediated by the incretin receptors or related receptors that act through modulation of intracellular cAMP production. While only cAMP measurements will be described, the described islet isolation protocol creates a clean preparation that also allows for many other downstream applications, including glucose stimulated insulin secretion, [3H
]-thymidine incorporation, protein abundance, and mRNA expression.
Physiology, Issue 88, islet, isolation, insulin secretion, β-cell, diabetes, cAMP production, mouse
Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection
Institutions: The University of Edinburgh.
Rejection of the transplanted kidney in humans is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The mouse model of renal transplantation closely replicates both the technical and pathological processes that occur in human renal transplantation. Although mouse models of allogeneic rejection in organs other than the kidney exist, and are more technically feasible, there is evidence that different organs elicit disparate rejection modes and dynamics, for instance the time course of rejection in cardiac and renal allograft differs significantly in certain strain combinations. This model is an attractive tool for many reasons despite its technical challenges. As inbred mouse strain haplotypes are well characterized it is possible to choose donor and recipient combinations to model acute allograft rejection by transplanting across MHC class I and II loci. Conversely by transplanting between strains with similar haplotypes a chronic process can be elicited were the allograft kidney develops interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. We have modified the surgical technique to reduce operating time and improve ease of surgery, however a learning curve still needs to be overcome in order to faithfully replicate the model. This study will provide key points in the surgical procedure and aid the process of establishing this technique.
Medicine, Issue 92, transplantation, mouse model, surgery, kidney, immunology, rejection
Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
Institutions: Wyoming Medical Center.
Diabetes mellitus is a major independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in the hospitalized patient, and elevated blood glucose concentrations, even in non-diabetic patients, predicts poor outcomes.1-4
The 2008 consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) states that "hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients, irrespective of its cause, is unequivocally associated with adverse outcomes."5
It is important to recognize that hyperglycemia occurs in patients with known or undiagnosed diabetes as well as during acute illness in those with previously normal glucose tolerance.
The Normoglycemia in Intensive Care Evaluation-Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation (NICE-SUGAR) study involved over six thousand adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients who were randomized to intensive glucose control or conventional glucose control.6
Surprisingly, this trial found that intensive glucose control increased the risk of mortality by 14% (odds ratio, 1.14; p=0.02). In addition, there was an increased prevalence of severe hypoglycemia in the intensive control group compared with the conventional control group (6.8% vs. 0.5%, respectively; p<0.001). From this pivotal trial and two others,7,8
Wyoming Medical Center (WMC) realized the importance of controlling hyperglycemia in the hospitalized patient while avoiding the negative impact of resultant hypoglycemia.
Despite multiple revisions of an IV insulin paper protocol, analysis of data from usage of the paper protocol at WMC shows that in terms of achieving normoglycemia while minimizing hypoglycemia, results were suboptimal. Therefore, through a systematical implementation plan, monitoring of patient blood glucose levels was switched from using a paper IV insulin protocol to a computerized glucose management system. By comparing blood glucose levels using the paper protocol to that of the computerized system, it was determined, that overall, the computerized glucose management system resulted in more rapid and tighter glucose control than the traditional paper protocol. Specifically, a substantial increase in the time spent within the target blood glucose concentration range, as well as a decrease in the prevalence of severe hypoglycemia (BG < 40 mg/dL), clinical hypoglycemia (BG < 70 mg/dL), and hyperglycemia (BG > 180 mg/dL), was witnessed in the first five months after implementation of the computerized glucose management system. The computerized system achieved target concentrations in greater than 75% of all readings while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. The prevalence of hypoglycemia (BG < 70 mg/dL) with the use of the computer glucose management system was well under 1%.
Medicine, Issue 64, Physiology, Computerized glucose management, Endotool, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetes, IV insulin, paper protocol, glucose control
Single Port Donor Nephrectomy
Institutions: Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University.
In 2007, Rane presented the first single port nephrectomy for a small non-functioning kidney at the World Congress of Endourology. Since that time, the use of single port surgery for nephrectomy has expanded to include donor nephrectomy. Over the next two years the technique was adopted for many others types of nephrectomies to include donor nephrectomy. We present our technique for single port donor nephrectomy using the Gelpoint device. We have successfully performed this surgery in over 100 patients and add this experience to our experience of over 1000 laparoscopic nephrectomies. With the proper equipment and technique, single port donor nephrectomy can be performed safely and effectively in the majority of live donors. We have found that our operative times and most importantly our transplant outcomes have not changed significantly with the adoption of the single port donor nephrectomy. We believe that single port donor nephrectomy represents a step forward in the care of living donors.
Medicine, Issue 49, Single Port, Laparoscopic, Donor Nephrectomy, TransplantIan was driving home from work one evening when he was suddenly killed in an automobile accident. His wife came home to a mysteriously empty house that day- she heard a knock on their front door within minutes of her arrival home. It was the police.
Bertha was cooking dinner when she felt a massive pain in her chest. Her son found her dead on her kitchen floor when he went over to visit her that evening.
DEFINITIONS & KEY THOUGHTS
Death is extremely difficult because it involves the very real and painful loss of a loved one. Responses to death vary greatly and are often different for each and every individual.
The bereaved may ask questions like, “What was I thinking letting her go without me?”; “Why did I get so angry at him before he left the house?”; “What if…?”; and “Why…?”
If death occurs suddenly it can result in a very complicated grieving process. Such suddenness often arises feeling of anger, abandonment, and guilt.
Various theorist have described that several different stages of grieving exist. Upon first hearing of death, there are two stages that are particularly critical: shock and denial. Shock involves having both an emotional and physical response to learning of a sudden death. The bereaved may experience feelings of unreality, shortness of breath, and a racing heartbeat. Denial may follow quickly. The bereaved may begin doing ordinary things like balancing a checkbook or washing dishes in order to re-establish some type of normalcy. Denial is often broken when the bereaved comes face-to-face with the many decisions that follow the death of a loved one.
David K. Switzer has established eight needs that must be fulfilled in order for the effective resolution of the grieving process to occur: (1) to accept the finality and reality of the physical death, (2) to become aware of and express the feelings that one has regarding the loss or toward the deceased person, including the way the deceased died, (3) to break emotional ties with the deceased; i.e., not act as though the deceased person is still physically present, (4) to break patterns of speech or other habitual behaviors that assume the deceased person is still physically present, (5) to affirm that one is worthwhile apart from their interaction and connection with the deceased, (6) to reaffirm and allow the characteristics and behaviors that contribute to one’s growing and ongoing life to come back, (7) to cultivate old and new relationships, and (8) to rediscover the mean of one’s own life.
Some bereaved individuals may become very overwhelmed by the decisions that they are required to make after the death of their loved one. On the other hand, some individuals will have very strong feelings regarding decisions like whether the deceased should be buried or cremated or have an open or closed casket funeral. It is important, above all else, to help the bereaved individuals to come to a consensus on these decisions, rather than arguing with one another. Do so by reminding them of the wishes of the deceased and encourage them to realize that they are not necessarily as important as doing what will make the bereaved individuals most comfortable. If necessary, enlist the help of family friends or volunteers to help prepare for the funeral and help the bereaved to prioritize all that needs to be done. Most importantly, make sure that the bereaved individual understands that all will not be resolved once things return to normal, but that recovery will come with time.
Action steps to help an individual overcome the death of a loved one include:
- Basic needs. Focus on taking care of your own basic needs-food, shelter, and safety- above all else. If basic needs are not met, emotional issues will be even more difficult to deal with.
- Ways of coping. Every individual processes crisis emotions in their own way. If you are a person who does so more easily by being busy, find something simple to do. If you prefer to process emotions alone, look for a quiet, peaceful place.
- Social interaction. Instead of withdrawing, seek support in your friendships.
- Help children. If children are among the bereaved, work on figuring out ways to help them cope. Make them feel secure by ensuring them that everything will be okay. If their parents are in distress, find a familiar and calm individual to care for them temporarily. Answer their questions and help them to process any normal feelings of guilt, anger, or abandonment that they may be experiencing.
- Allow time. Understand that pain takes time to subside. Truly and healthily allow yourself to grieve. Keep in mind the normal stages of grieving that everybody goes through.“La fine della guerra fredda ha esaltato il ruolo della diplomazia rendendolo indispensabile, a condizione che sappia trasformarsi adeguandosi alla multipolarità dello scenario mondiale e aggiornando i metodi tradizionali ai nuovi equilibri, al progresso tecnologico, alle nuove priorità”.
In questa seconda lezione Ferdinando Salleo, già ambasciatore a Mosca e a Washington, si sofferma sui mutamenti dello scenario internazionale e sulle nuove
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已经发生的主要发展。 上帝的每一个约都确立了他与人类交往的不同方法，每一个圣约都为他忠心的百姓提供了服事他要遵循的新原则。 争战 虽然基督他自己在第一次来的时候就开始了最终击败邪恶的争战，但是，新约圣经教导说，贯穿整个教会历史这争战仍是每一位信徒经历中很重要的一部分。 耶稣和他的使徒清楚表明，他的统治要分三个阶段展现出来：在他第一次降临时，他的国度开启；贯穿教会历史，他的国度延续；在他第二次再来时，他的国度成全。 当个别信徒太过依赖他们的领袖时，对圣经的滥用就出现了；我们也必须小心，不要去到另外一个极端，认定我们并不需要基督徒领袖。 理想状况下﹐基督的跟随者们应当小心，不让他们周围的当代文化潮流影响他们对圣经的解释。但在实际生活中﹐当我们解释圣经时﹐无人可以全然地避免文化产生的影响。In the fall of 2012, ArtCenter students responded to a public RFP issued by the City of Pasadena to submit proposals for the architectural design and construction of an Armenian Genocide Memorial to be erected in Pasadena’s Memorial Park.
We were deeply impressed by Catherine, who developed and presented an emotionally compelling design for a historical event that she initially knew nothing about. We hope that this memorial will inspire a similar emotional connection in those who encounter it, for generations to come.
– William M. Paparian, Esq., Chair, Pasadena Armenian Genocide Memorial Committee (PASAGMC) and former Mayor of Pasadena”
On April 18, 2015, over 1500 people were on hand to witness the unveiling of the Armenian Genocide Memorial at Pasadena’s Memorial park. Pasadena Mayor, Bill Bogaard spoke at the ceremony as well as the monument’s designer, Art Center Alumna, Catherine Menard. The memorial consists of a metal tripod standing 16 feet tall. From the top of the tripod, a drop of water falls every 21 seconds. Each year, 1.5 million drops of water — one for each of the genocide victims — will drop into a basin adorned with the ancient Armenian symbol for eternity.
My hope is that it will be significantly important to the Armenian community and eye opening and moving to the unaware passer-by.
– Catherine Menard, Armenian Genocide Memorial Designer, Art Center Alumna
The ground breaking ceremony for the Pasadena Armenian Genocide Memorial took place on January 25, 2015 at Memorial Park. The memorial’s designer, Catherine Menard was in attendance along with Art Center faculty James Meraz, Pasadena Armenian Genocide Committee board members, city officials, and representatives from area Armenian churches and schools. The Memorial is scheduled for completion on April 18. 2015, ahead of the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide on April 24.
The Armenian Genocide was the systematic extermination of the Armenian population from its historic homeland by the Ottoman government. It took place during and after World War I. The total number of lives destroyed as a result has been estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million.
Although Los Angeles has the greatest population of those of Armenian descent outside of Armenia, no memorial or recognition exists in Glendale, Pasadena, or Hollywood of the event known as the first modern genocide.
The Armenian Genocide Memorial project called for the design and construction of a public space in reflection and remembrance of the Armenian Genocide. The memorial is to be erected in the Pasadena Memorial Park, previously known as the Library Park, located at 85 E. Holly Street, at the south-east corner of Raymond Avenue and Walnut Street in the City of Pasadena.
Students were challenged with designing a public space that was not only culturally relevant but also took into consideration: interactivity, public design restraints, hardscape/landscape, public safety, possible inclement weather conditions and of course social impact. Art Center students, worked individually or in groups of two to come up with designs that addressed the aforementioned criteria while also inspiring peaceful reflection and a visceral, emotional response.
The Art Center team, led by Environmental Design faculty James Meraz engaged in a compressed 7 week studio process–an abbreviated timeline compared the College’s normal 14-week term– to comply with the RFP submission deadline. During that time, they took in a plethora of research around the theoretical framework of case studies employing unconventional design processes. During class discussions, the students debated the relevance of these theoretical frameworks and were encouraged to keep a “think tank” environment in class to help inspire deep and thoughtful work. It was mandatory that the students also keep a notebook/sketchbook to record all of their notes, matricies, case studies, and ideation possibilities, as well as collage works, thumbnails, and other journal items.
The research and class discussions proved to be extremely helpful in informing the student’s design strategies. They found that with the Armenian Genocide Memorial Project, researching the psychology of the interaction between man, landscape and space was a very important part of crafting a strong design proposal and that they had to pay close attention to the psycho-emotional impact their designs could potentially inspire.
The students presented their design proposals to members of the Pasadena Armenian Genocide Memorial Committee (PASAGMC) and other distinguished guests during the class final. Afterwards, they were given feedback and time to make adjustments to their design proposals for final submission to the City’s RFP. Art Center student designs were submitted alongside artists and designers from around the world and were the only students considered for this project. Of the 17 submitted designs, 3 were chosen for final presentation to the (PASAGMC). Two of these were designs of Art Center Environmental Design students Catherine Menard and JD Clark. The final design proposal the committee selected for realization belongs to Catherine Menard.
Below are statements that Catherine presented to the Committee about her design.
I’ve approached this project with caution, reverence and longing to conjure a meaningful emotional experience.
– Catherine Menard, Student, Environmental Design
I’ve learned through this journey that this genocide has not been acknowledged and that an urgent need for understanding is necessary to begin to heal the hearts of the Armenian people and reclaim the land lost. I absorbed the archived documentation of murder and terror to these innocent and helpless generations. This is the proof of these crimes.
The memorial form is an abstraction of this proof. This reality must be understood in order for the new generation to hear these cries. This devastation is not what remains however. For underneath the pinnacle of the structure is the slow‑paced descent of the baptized and pure, innocent trail of spirits. The weight of the 1.5 million sends the basin to set deeply into the ground where the words of their story emerged from below. The ability the engage with the water passage on the exterior of the beams is very integral in the convergence of horror and hope.
The structure is not to the scale of the individual, it is as monumental as the death it embodies. This is a sacred space, with ancient sign in hope of passing understanding into the future of Armenian heritage.
– Catherine Menard, Student, Environmental Design
Although it is a very daunting structure; a very strong and horrific form that I feel that most of us understand and remember and recognize upon first glimpse the juxtaposition of that healing at the very center point hopefully balances out that understanding. So, you’re warned from the beginning that you’re about to enter something very deep and intense and possibly scary.
You must encounter this fear to understand what has happened. So, that the inscription in the center point as you ascend all the way up into the structure remarks on the innocent lives that were marched, tortured, and publicly executed along for those years till 1923.Survivor 2016'da adaların birleşmesinin ardından Ünlüler ve Gönüllüler takımı arasında gerilim daha da artarken, yarışmanın dün akşam yayınlanan bölümünde ödül oyunu vardı. Nefesleri kesen oyunda skor 9-9'a geldi. Survivor'da dün yaşanan bir ilki de Acun Ilıcalı açıkladı. Survivor'da bir ilk olan 3'lü bayrak yarışı yapılacağını söyledi. Kazanan ünlüler takımı oldu.伊朗的后苏莱曼尼视角
斯坦福—伊朗圣城旅指挥官卡西姆·苏莱曼尼（Qassem Suleiman）被美国刺杀显然是两国长期冲突的一次重大升级。但这不会引起第三次世界大战（如一些专家预测的那样）。此外，尽管美国可能通过刺杀苏莱曼尼而取得短期战术优势，但伊朗政权仍可能从近期发展中获益。
伊朗一直在采取重大举措消除它目前所面临的严重的地区和国内挑战。比如，它最近面临着突然爆发的伊拉克民族主义热忱，反对其控制伊拉克。伊朗外交设施被烧毁，伊朗货物遭到抵制。就连出生在伊朗的伊拉克最高什叶派牧师阿亚图拉·阿里·西斯塔尼（Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani）也发声反对外国（即伊朗）干预伊拉克事务。
显然是为了转移这一反伊朗情绪，苏莱曼尼的伊朗盟友——特别是伊朗最高领袖哈梅内伊的喉舌报刊《世界报》（Kayhan）——在10月指出，伊拉克人应该去占领美国驻巴格达大使馆。伊朗需要改变伊拉克局势，将民族主义热忱的对象转移到美国身上。在此次事件中，伊拉克国内对话确实因为无人机袭击苏莱曼尼而发生了改变：许多伊拉克人现在不再关心伊朗什么时候离开，而关心美国什么时候离开。
与此同时，伊朗也一直在面临重大国内挑战。体制严酷镇压反对经济状况恶化的群众示威，杀死数百人并逮捕数千人。此后，哈梅内伊遭到围攻，就连他的传统支持者也批评他处置不当。而随着伊拉克不满情绪的爆发，他需要改变之道，而美国成了他的及时雨。
对外部世界而言，苏莱曼尼是伊朗政权在国外的恐怖主义活动的策划者，也是操纵伊朗地区代理人的操盘手，包括黎巴嫩真主党。但对伊朗人来说，苏莱曼尼是一个复杂的人物。体制内的强硬派视其为英雄，但众多在和平示威中失去爱人，或反对体制攻击流亡伊朗异见分子的伊朗人对他有着不同看法。
尽管如此，在过去几年中，伊朗政权进行了明智的公关活动，将苏莱曼尼包装成拿破仑或凯撒式的诗人战士。身为极少数没有腐败指控污点的伊斯兰革命卫队指挥官之一，他被推定为下一次总统选举的可能候选人之一。因此，公众对苏莱曼尼有多同情，就会对伊朗政权爱屋及乌，至少在短期是如此。
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在最近的事件发生前，在国际上日以孤立的伊朗正在寻找在世界舞台上大展拳脚的办法。12月，伊朗与俄罗斯和中国举行了其第一次联合海军演习，伊朗官员还宣布准备将布什尔的波斯湾港口租给俄罗斯。
俄罗斯和中国海军稳定出现在波斯湾的长期战略影响不容低估，这两个国家极有可能在未来几年到几十年中挑战美国。苏莱曼尼之死所造成的情绪变化使得伊朗政权获得了巩固与中俄两国关系的机会窗口。
平心而论，伊朗政权煽动伊拉克代理人蜂拥冲击美国大使馆，显然玩得过火，也低估了美国总统特朗普以武力应对的意愿。但美国将目标对准苏莱曼尼也属失策，低估了伊朗做出反应的能力和意愿。考虑到伊朗经济状况和国内不满程度，哈梅内伊必须让革命卫队和忠诚军阀坚定地站在自己这一边。如今，这些力量叫嚣着要复仇。因此，对哈梅内伊来说，关键是要找到应对之道，既要满足基本盘，也不能引起全方位冲突升级。
特朗普政府的行动一直有一个假定前提，即伊朗政权已经失去了合法性，因为国内不满而变得极度虚弱，绝对无法同美国展开大战。这一危险的假定因为特朗普自己常说的信条而加强——对伊朗开战不会太远。但事实上，伊朗政权在正给地区都有深刻的文化、经济和情报联系，伊拉克尤其如此。它擅长不对称战争，并且除了以某种方式对苏莱曼尼之死作出反应之外别无选择。
但愿国内乱想和自我保护的强烈渴望能让哈梅内伊及其政府只是采取象征性的报复动作，而非升级措施。但愿美国同样以战略审慎应对伊朗的下一步动作。否则，我们可能陷入一场几乎没人想要的战争，而战争的结局完全不可预料。根据国家标准，要取得电工考证，除了通过电工上岗考试外，还必须具有电工证。电工证是指能够独立完成基本电气设备安装、检修和维护工作的技术人员证书。相对于电工考证，电工上岗考试则更偏向于工作能力的考察。
电工考证是指电工专业人员的职业资格证书。电工考证要求考生具有中等以上学历，通过一定的培训并通过考试后，可以拿到相应的资格证书。
根据《电工操作证》。本标准规定了从事电气工作的各类人员必须持有相应等级的电工操作证(包括初级、中级、高级)。电工操作证分为初级、中级和高级三个级别;初级操作证持有人只能在初级岗位上作业,中级操作证持有人可在中级岗位上作业,高级操作证持有者可在高级别岗位上作业。 电工操作证是一种法定证件,属于劳动力市场管理范畴,由用人单位统一印制,发给本人,作为劳动者就业上岗或转业、调动的重要依据之一。电工操作证是一种行业标准,由全国统一大纲,各地有各自的地方规定。电工操作证由电工等级证演变而来。 电工操作证一般分为四级:初级(助理)、中级(高级)、高级(三级)、技师(一级),其中初级、中级和高级三个等级称为“准”级证书。 电工操作证实行全国统一制发,由人力资源和社会保障部负责管理。
成都电工证
电工证和上岗证有什么区别?
电工证只能在电力行业从事相关工作，而上岗证则可以在各行业中工作。چرا شرکت هایی که در زمینه تولید توت فرنگی منجمد فعالیت داشته، بیشتر محصول کردستان را تهیه کرده و مورد استفاده قرار می دهند؟
یک شرکت تولید کننده توت فرنگی منجمد زمانی موفق عمل خواهد کرد که بتواند بهترین توت فرنگی را از تولید کننده ها خریداری کرده و در شرایط بسیار خوب آنها را به حالت انجامد در آورند. چرا که وقتی توت فرنگی بی کیفیت انتخاب می شود، سبب زیر سوال رفتن عملکرد شرکت ها شده و نمی توانند آن طور که باید محصول خود را به فروش رسانند.
توت فرنگی کردستان یکی از بهترین میوه هایی بوده که می توان آن را برای انجامد انتخاب کرد. زیرا هم کیفیت مطلوبی داشته و هم پس از انجماد تغییر رنگ و بو نخواهد داد.
تولید توت فرنگی منجمد
توت فرنگی منجمد که بیشتر برای صنایع فرآوری مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و از آنها تولید بستنی و کیک می شود، در طول سال قابل دسترسی بوده و توسط شرکت ها در بازار عرضه می گردند. لذا وقتی این محصولات با کیفیت عالی تولید می شوند، شرکت ها توان فروش آنها در حجم زیادی را خواهند داشت.
معمولا مصرف کننده هایی که کیفیت توت فرنگی کردستان را دیده و از آنها بهره گرفته است، معمولا در خرید توت فرنگی منجمد نیز تمایل زیادی به محصولات استان کردستان خواهند داشت. لذا تقاضای خرید خود را به شرکت هایی عرضه می دارند که بهترین توت فرنگی را از تولید کننده های کردستان خریداری کرده و در خطوط تولید خود بهره می گیرند.Belgium is a country with a highly complex political structure and is divided into three different language communities. The largest region, in the northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, is Flanders, with approximately 6.5 million inhabitants. Some 4.5 million French-speaking Belgians live in Wallonia. The German-speaking community is by far the smallest region, with about 76,000 inhabitants. It only counts the small newspaper Grenz-Echo and public service broadcaster BRF, and it is excluded from further analysis in this overview. The cultural and linguistic diversity in Belgium has resulted in a segmented landscape along the lines of the different language communities; it is therefore difficult to speak of a unified Belgian media market.
The federal state structure is thus reflected in the Belgian media landscape. Thanks to constitutional reform from the 1970s onwards, competences for media and cultural affairs, among others, were transferred to the regions. As a result, there is essentially no ‘Belgian’ approach to media regulation and media accountability, but rather, two distinct, and sometimes significantly different, regulation systems. Simultaneously, markets in both parts of the country have evolved differently according to their respective competitive dynamics and industry life cycles: Whereas French-language dailies have been facing a steep decline in readership, the circulation of Flemish newspapers has stabilised in the last decade.
The historical development of the media is rooted in a tradition of high political parallelism. Belgium was one of the early-consolidated liberal countries with strong liberal institutions and freedom of the press anchored in the constitution of 1831. The media reflected the cultural and societal cleavage of the time and this explains why the French language, which was the cultural language of the elite, even in the Flemish-speaking North, initially dominated the historical development of the print media. From 1880/1900, newspapers blossomed, with broad ideological diversity, already segmented into distinct brands for the elite readership and for mass readership.
The media landscape gradually became depoliticised starting in the 1960s. At present, none of the major media outlets are clearly associated with a political or ideological position (except for the openly progressive daily De Morgen in Flanders). Historically, some newspapers were in the hands of political parties, labour organisations and so on. The concentration process that accelerated after World War Two faded out these political affiliations as all newspaper brands came into the hands of commercial owners. However, a recent consolidation in Wallonia brought back the question of political parallelism when Tecteo (an industrial group active in energy and telecommunications, with strong ties with the socialist party – now rebranded Publifin) took over regional newspaper group L’Avenir.
The professionalism of journalism is difficult to define
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