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计算机。这包括微处理器，内存和存储器，以及安装在单个印刷板上的所有其他必要组件。SBC是通过增加其相关集成电路的密度来开发的，从而降低了成本，从而无需在系统中使用多个板来发挥其唯一功能，并将其职责浓缩为一个组件。它们的小尺寸也导致了与mini-ITX板相似的升级限制，有些变化缺少任何扩展端口，而另一些则最多可以提供两个PCI插槽。
佩特科技是广州地区知名的嵌入式方案研发公司，产品涉及工控主板、嵌入式准系统、工业整机和工业平板电脑等，在交通、金融、医疗、军工等多个领域实现了应用拓展。佩特科技不仅研发技术先进，批量出货能力强大，也提供嵌入式芯片方案定制，欢迎咨询洽谈。Sean Penne' in "In To The Wild" filmini bilir misiniz? Bu tişörtü giyince kendimi filmin adıyla çok özdeşleştirdim ve verdiğim pozda biraz vahşi ya da asi durmuş olabilir. Tabi ki filmin içeriğiyle durumun bir alakası yok, muhtemelen Christopher Mccandless'ın kemiklerini de sızlattım şu anda, kapitalist sistemin en büyük oyuncularından moda ve onunla ilgil bir blogda adının ve konu alındığı filmin bahsinin geçmiş olması... Anısına küçük bir saygı gösterisi olarak bu postluk marka vermiyorum, en azından bunu yapabilirim !法老墓穴隐藏惊天秘密曝光 埃及法老诅咒!
埃及金字塔是世界八大奇迹之一，是古埃及的文化遗址，是见证古埃及成长的象征，但近日，埃及法老墓中的惊天秘密曝光，据说有神秘的埃及法老诅咒令人震惊，下面小编带你看。
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埃及金字塔是埃及法老的墓穴这是我们都知道的事情，据说这是古埃及的国王未来保护自己的尸体和尊严而建造的，到现在为止已经有5000多年的历史了，据说金字塔中还有神秘的诅咒，进者必死。
传说1796年8月，拿破仑远征埃及时，曾雄心勃勃地单独进入了金字塔墓穴。他出来时，人们见他张口结舌，面如土色，说不出话来，不久，他就死去了。在几年以前，数十名进入墓穴的学童，也竟象闪电般地中邪死去。
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1962年开罗大学生物理学博士伊瑟订·塔亚医生，发现许多人是感染上一种曲霉汀菌致死的。但是经过电子显微镜下进一步研究发现，这种细菌不是解开法老咒语之谜的最后答案。因为许多进入墓穴后死亡的人，并没有患上感染该种病菌的征兆。
对进入金字塔墓穴先后死亡的原因，研究者提出了新见解:认为金字塔的形状是否会吸引和聚集宇宙射线、磁性振荡或其他未知的能波?是否对某些能源有电容器或透镜的集聚作用?
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金字塔有神秘诅咒的事情，至今都没有证据可以证明呢?考古学家们还在进一步研究埃及金字塔，并且想尽一切方法揭开金字塔的神秘面纱，埃及法老的诅咒。
驻马店产品设计
杭州结构设计
深圳产品外观设计پس از آن که تمساح با تلاش های فراوان به دام گروه امداد افتاد، به مرکز نگهداری تمساح ها در ایالت متحده آمریکا منتقل شده است. این تمساح که به دلیل بزرگ بودنش لقب گودزیلا به خود گرفته است سحرگاه شنبه توسط افرادی که برای کار به مرکز خرید آمده بودند، کشف شده است.
گمان می رود که این تمساح از تهری که در نزدیکی آن مرکز خرید وجود دارد، به آنجا آمده است.
کریستی کروبوس که دارای گواهی "به تله انداختن تمساح های مزاحم" است، توانسته است این عظیم الجثه را به دام اندازد سپس گودزیلا به وسیله یک جرثقیل چنگک دار به درون کامیون منتقل شد.
کریستی می گوید، اندازه و وزن این موجود به قدری بود که در هنگام به تله انداختن این حیوان امنیت ما به خطر افتاده بود. وی گفت: "من سعی می کردم که از جلو پوزه حیوان را بگیرم و آن را به دام اندازم ولی بزرگی گودزیلا به قدری بود که نمی توانستم با دست هام دور دهانش را بگیرم."
اخبار گوناگون - باشگاه خبرنگارانfoto di gunnar-smoliansky-1976 [Le lampade hanno la stessa forma dei caschi.
Illuminano crudelmente i tavolini]
[Werner Aspenström è nato nel 1918, un piccolo villaggio della Svezia del Nord ed è morto nel 1997. Dopo studi irregolari e lavori saltuari, fra cui quello del boscaiolo, Aspenström ottiene la licenza liceale come privatista a Stoccolma nel 1940 e, nello stesso tempo, entra in contatto con l’ambiente letterario della capitale svedese e stringe amicizia con poeti come Karl Vennberg ed Erik Lindegren e con loro fonda la rivista “40-tal” (Anni Quaranta) caratterizzata da un vigile pessimismo e da un crescente senso di angoscia per i futuri destini dell’umanità. Nel 1943 esce Preparazione, nel 1946 Il grido e il silenzio e nel 1949 Leggenda innevata di tono simbolista ed ermetico, che suscitarono qualche discussione nell’ambiente letterario svedese per l’oscurità enigmatica di certi passaggi. Nelle raccolte successive degli anni Cinquanta e Sessanta Aspenström ha continuato a muoversi fra i poli opposti di un senso disperato di impotenza e paura, tipico delle prime liriche, e di una tendenza all’idillio rasserenatore, percepibile soprattutto nella descrizione di momenti magici a contatto della natura. Negli anni Ottanta pubblica Presto una mattina (1976-1989) e Sussurro nel 1983.]
Commento impolitico di Giorgio Linguaglossa
Il «tempo interno» in Poesia; Che cos’è un oggetto? Che cos’è una «cosa»? E come si fa ad entrare dentro la «cosa»?
Proviamo ad avvicinarci ad una idea inconsueta, alla idea di far diventare gli «oggetti», «cose». Forse siamo troppo adulti, troppo abituati a considerare le «cose» gli equivalenti degli «oggetti» che non sappiamo più la differenza tra gli «oggetti», e le «cose». Che cos’è un oggetto? Che cos’è una «cosa»? E come si fa ad entrare all’interno della «cosa»? Come si fa ad adoperare una «cosa»? Ma, una «cosa» si può adoperare? Quando è che una «cosa» diventa un evento esteticamente tracciabile? Che rapporto c’è tra un «evento» e una «cosa»? – Ecco, io direi che la poesia italiana ha trascurato da sempre questo piccolo problema: quando gli oggetti cessano di essere «oggetti» e diventano «cose». È soltanto a quel punto che può sorgere una tracciabilità per la poesia. Io la metterei così: la «cosa» è un oggetto simbolico che ha iniziato ad irradiare segnali significativi. Ad un certo punto avviene che un «oggetto» è muto per il linguaggio ordinario ma non per il linguaggio simbolico per eccellenza quale è il linguaggio poetico, e comincia a «parlare». E questo suo «parlare» è il discorso poetico. Un «oggetto» diventa «cosa» quando viene dotato di temporalità. Voglio dire che, fino ad un certo punto, gli oggetti di tutti i giorni non hanno ancora acquisito una propria temporalità ma convivono con noi e in mezzo a noi nella confusione della dimensione della confusione, dell’inautenticità, nella temporalità del presente; ad un certo punto della loro condizione di esistenza gli «oggetti» restano muti, non emettono segnali simbolici significativi, almeno fino a quando vengono, per una ragione o per l’altra, dismessi. E allora diventano oggetti simbolici, dotati di una propria temporalità significativa. Soltanto a questo punto possono fare ingresso nel linguaggio poetico. Leggiamo tre versi di Aspenström:
Il frutto che cade si ferma a metà strada
tra ramo e erba e chiede:
Dove sono?
L’esserci del soggetto è il nullo fondamento di un nullificante, fatto di quel solido nulla che è il soggetto degli oggetti.
C’è una bella differenza: le «cose» sono fatte di «tempo» mentre gli «oggetti» sono fatti di tempo di lavoro. Ad esempio: C’è una differenza abissale tra una poesia fatta di «oggetti» e una poesia fatta di «cose». Capisco di riuscire un po’ metafisico e misterioso, ma qui si cela una evidenza importante che vorrei esplicitare. Per farla breve, dirò che una poesia fatta di oggetti la si dimentica nel giro di qualche anno o di qualche generazione, la poesia fatta di cose invece resiste al tempo, non si cancella. Come mai avviene questo? La risposta la dobbiamo cercare nell’ingresso del Fattore tempo all’interno della «cosa», e quando io dico «tempo» intendo qualcosa di difficilmente definibile, qualcosa che riguarda tutto ciò che c’è nel creato e in noi. Come diceva Agostino se nessuno me lo chiede so benissimo che cos’è il tempo, ma se qualcuno me lo chiede, allora non lo so più. Appunto, il paradosso del tempo è questo; che noi pensiamo intuitivamente, dando credito al senso comune, di sapere che cos’è il tempo, ma in realtà non sappiamo nulla di esso, siamo ancora al livello dei trogloditi.
foto di gunnar-smoliansky-1976 [Per me qualche volta il tempo esiste, qualche volta no]
Per semplificare, dirò una evidenza: che la Lingua e la Parola sono entità fatte di Tempo. Non soltanto il Tempo le penetra dall’esterno, ma direi che le penetra anche dall’interno, ma anche e soprattutto che il Tempo è la cosa stessa, che non c’è cosa nel nostro universo che non sia «tempo» irrelato. Ma, dicendo questo mi rendo conto che ho proferito una tesi estrema, che dovrebbe avere il supporto della scienza e del pensiero filosofico, ma tant’è, lo scrivo egualmente, in modo ingenuo, nella speranza che qualcuno che ne sa più di me voglia tentare di spiegare questa «evenienza»… Da questo punto di vista, l’idea anceschiana di una «poesia degli oggetti» è destituita di fondamento filosofico. In realtà, nella migliore poesia moderna sono le «cose» che si palesano nella loro «cosalità»; una «poesia degli oggetti» è un non senso filosofico, è una sciocchezza filosofica. La poesia abita le «cose», non conosce gli «oggetti». La «metafora tridimensionale» di Mandel’štam tratta di «cose», non di «oggetti», e così la poesia di Aspenström. Il «laboratorio di impagliatura» degli oggetti dei simbolisti viene da Mandel’štam sostituito con le «cose» vere, con le «suppellettili» con cui ha a che fare l’uomo nella sua vita quotidiana di tutti i giorni. Gli «oggetti» sono quelle entità di cui sono piene le nostre vite quotidiane, ma la poesia rigetta gli «oggetti», è loro estranea; o meglio, li ricrea e li sostituisce con le «cose». Soltanto le «cose» possono abitare il discorso poetico. La poesia è irrimediabilmente nemica della civiltà degli oggetti del capitalismo inoltrato.
Ma che cos’è questo «secondo tempo», non più parametro (come nella meccanica classica) ma operatore di una descrizione probabilistica che Prigogine chiama «tempo interno»? È singolare che per spiegare questo concetto scientifico così singolare Prigogine ricorra a una vera e propria riabilitazione ontologica della percezione immediata quando afferma che «è essa a renderci consapevoli dell’esistenza nella nostra stessa vita, di una freccia del tempo […] La giustificazione di questo punto di vista sta nell’osservazione che la natura, così come appare intorno a noi, è asimmetrica rispetto al tempo. Tutti noi invecchiamo insieme! E nessuno ha finora osservato una stella che segua la sequenza principale a rovescio».1
Quando gli «oggetti» sono saturi di tempo, allora vuol dire che sono diventati delle «cose».
Per caso oggi ho aperto una antologia di Poeti svedesi contemporanei nella traduzione di Enrico Tiozzo del 1992. Guardate il modo con cui il poeta svedese tratta gli «oggetti», qui non c’è alcuna topologia utilitaristica. Ecco come gli «oggetti» non più utilizzati ridiventano «cose» misteriose. Un semplicissimo «momento in pizzeria», una esperienza quotidiana e irrisoria, diventa epifania di una diversa collocazione delle «cose» nel mondo e nel «tempo». Attenzione, qui non si tratta di epifania estatica alla maniera dei primi simbolisti europei, di Ungaretti, per intenderci, che sta in posizione estatica in attesa dell’epifania, qui si tratta di una nuova e diversa collocazione del nostro essere nell’universo e nel tempo. Le «cose» ci si presentano nella loro nuda «cosalità». Le «cose» sono frammenti del mondo e del «tempo» e la cosalità è quell’alone che avvolge le cose come la carta stagnola avvolge i regali delle persone care.
Ecco un modo di fare poesia veramente moderna con le «cose» e il «tempo».
1 Marramao Giacomo, Minima temporalia, luca sossella editore, 2005, p. 20 Continua a leggereFonte:Sorayaluna72
Prima di incarnarvi, eravate indivisi. Traevate la vostra identità dal rapporto assoluto tra il Creatore e la Creazione. Eravate il Cristo, pienamente consapevole e sveglio, cosciente di se stesso, unificato, integrato. Capivate che per incarnarvi, dovevate permettere che almeno una parte della vostra identità rimanesse imprigionata nelle creature che portavate alla vita. Ciascuna di loro avrebbe posseduto una coscienza simile ad un ologramma, capace di riconoscere rettamente se stessa, simultaneamente come ‘parte’ e come ‘tutto’. Tuttavia, la presenza di questa coscienza sarebbe stata certezza, soltanto dopo il processo d’incarnazione. Durante il vostro effettivo emergere attraverso la sostanza della Terra, c’era la possibilità che alcune creature diventassero attive in maniera autonoma. Doveva esserci perciò un mezzo per regolare dall’esterno la vostra frammentazione. Volevate che una parte di voi osservasse l’intero processo.
Così, mentre vi preparavate ad entrare in rapporto con il pianeta, creaste degli esseri che vi ricordassero del vostro stato originario di consapevolezza unificata: gli angeli. Il loro valore, così come il loro limite, sorgeva dal fatto che essi non avevano nessuna comprensione del processo che stavate per intraprendere. Le istruzioni, per loro, erano di tenersi quanto bastava fuori dalle cose, fin verso la fine del processo. Poi, al ricevimento di un segnale prestabilito, avrebbero stretto rapporti di comunione con gli esseri umani della Terra di quel momento, e li avrebbero aiutati a risvegliarsi e a ritornare al loro stato originario di consapevolezza unificata.
Abbiamo ricevuto quel segnale circa duemila anni fa.
Ci sono voluti quasi due millenni per prepararvi al messaggio che vi portiamo. È stato necessario educarvi, prima che fosse possibile una comunione di questo tipo. Ora, tuttavia, il momento è vicino. Le nostre istruzioni sono di risvegliarvi al ricordo dello scopo, alla memoria di voi stessi. È il momento di dare inizio al ciclo finale della Creazione Cosciente durante il quale le stesse creature terrestri parteciperanno allo svelarsi del proprio disegno. Il corpo che state creando per la dimora della consapevolezza di Cristo, è un corpo malleabile, alimentato dalle intenzioni creatrici del Padre, capace di portare a compimento il distacco dall’aspetto madre.
(Trasmissioni stellari
Un messaggio per il Pianeta terra
di Ken Carey).نیفین جامع، وزیر تجارت و صنعت مصر چند روز پیش گفته بود، مصر یک سازوکار پرداخت ایجاد خواهد کرد که در آن روبل روسیه را برای معاملات تجاری می پذیرد.
یک شرکت فعال در بخش گردشگری مصر اعلام کرد:«بر اساس اطلاعات بانک مرکزی مصر که در دسترس «تز تور» قرار گرفته است، روبل روسیه از پایان سپتامبر 2022 در فهرست ارزهای مورد استفاده در این کشور قرار خواهد گرفت.»
«این اقدام فرصتی برای شرکت های مسافرتی و هتل ها فراهم می کند تا روبل را برای پرداخت ها قبول کنند. این امر به همراه عوامل دیگر بدون شک تاثیر مثبتی بر جریان گردشگری خواهد داشت.»
این شرکت گردشگری توضیح داد، مصر یکی از مقاصد مسافرتی محبوب در فصل پاییز و زمستان در میان روس هاست. سهم روس ها از رزرو هتل حدود 46 درصد است.
آمارها نشان می دهد که تعداد گردشگران روسی که به مصر سفر کرده اند، در سه ماهه آخر سال 2021 به یک میلیون نفر رسیده است.
قاهره امید دارد که این اقدام به تقویت بخش گردشگری کمک کند.Enterprise data are subject to various regulations depending on their geographical location and type of business. An increased effort is expected and mandated to respect those rules, typically meant to better secure and protect the accuracy and privacy of enterprise data. In various regulations, it is also expected to actually demonstrate Compliance, which is not a piece of cake.
In addition, most people think that external threats (such as an external hacker trying to access corporate data) are the most common data security issues. In reality, various studies have shown that internal threats comprise 80% of all security threats. In other words, companies should make sure to protect their corporate data against their own employees.
Examples of regulations
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) : The goal of SOX is to regulate corporations in order to
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,000至10,000元左右。 在过去的两年中，秦皇岛的房价过高，许多房屋的价格翻了一番。 单个社区中可能有5000个，但是目前，该位置仍然偏僻。 大多数新房子都集中在开发区。 秦皇岛上有最大的集中社区，还有西城化雨，香谷，国陵湾天成家井等。这些房屋已有两三年的历史，但目前只能在二手房购买。 秦皇岛市的工业水平较低，薪水较高的公司较少，但这也取决于您夫妇的产业和职业。
的确，秦皇岛和大连的环境相似，秦皇岛的交通也比大连好。 秦皇岛的消费水平低于大连。
秦皇岛是环渤海地区的重要港口城市，是华北，东北和西北的重要出口，是京津冀协调发展和振兴东北两个国家战略的交汇点 老工业基地。 秦皇岛港是中国最早的独立贸易港口。 它是目前世界上最大的能源出口港口，被称为国民经济的“晴雨表”。
实际上，这两个区域的环境相似。 秦皇岛的生活水平低于大连，但秦皇岛的人口少于大连，对外贸易也少于大连。 实际上，大连和秦皇岛各有优势，主要取决于自身需求。
大连和秦皇岛都是沿海城市。 一个位于我国的辽宁省。 哪一个更适合这两个城市的风景？ 大连的环境比秦皇岛好，但秦皇岛发展迅速。
责任编辑：秦皇岛房产网小编
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相关推荐آیت الله حسن عالمی، نماینده مجلس خبرگان رهبری در گفت و گو با خبرنگار خبرگزاری رسا در مشهد، با اشاره به سخنان اخیر مرکل صدراعظم آلمان و بان کی مون دبیر کل سازمان ملل متحد گفت: این قدرت های غربی از هر فرصتی که برایشان پیش بیاید می خواهند بر علیه نظام جمهوری اسلامی استفاده کنند.
وی افزود: در شرایطی که در مجموع روند کار به سمت ثبات در کشور و جمع شدن پیکره حرکت های تروریستی در جهان پیش می رود این اتفاقات برای آنها مطلوب نیست و می خواهند به نوعی آتشی را که خودشان برافروخته اند همچنان شعله ور باشد.
آیت الله عالمی در ادامه درباره این که برجام حاوی چه عبرت ها و درس ها و پیام هایی است، گفت: یکی از درس های این اظهارات این است که به ما به دشمن نباید اعتماد کنیم.
وی ادامه داد: دلیلش هم این است که اینها درباره برجام ماهها صحبت کردند، پشت میز مذاکره نشسته اند، قول دادند و امضا کردند در عین حال با توجه به اقتضائات امضاها و قراردادهای خودشان عمل نمی کنند، در نهایت باید به قدرت ملی، فرهنگی و مردمی کشور تکیه کرد.AGBON festival in Ile-Ife is woven around the personality of "Osara," a heroine of Ile-Ife and wife of Oduduwa. It is usually celebrated in May every year.
Interestingly, a lot has been said and written about Oduduwa, the progenitor of Yoruba race. But little is known about "Osara" - his wife without whom Oduduwa could not have been remembered today because Osara was the only wife through whom Oduduwa had children in life. Yoruba oral tradition supports the claim that it is out of these children that other Yoruba kingdoms evolved.
According to Ife Oral tradition, Osara and Olokun were bosom friends. Olokun had married Oduduwa for several years without a child. Olokun was acknowledged to be extremely beautiful and wealthy woman as a result of bead making and trade in beads: She persuaded Osara to marry her husband (Oduduwa) probably through her, Oduduwa might have children. This oral tradition is reminiscence of the story of Abraham and Sarah in the bible.
The marriage between Osara and Oduduwa was blessed with a male child named "Okanbi". As a result, Oduduwa loved Osara dearly to the extent that she accompanied him wherever he went, to the annoyance of Olokun.
Soon after the birth of Okanbi jealousy, unhealthy rivalry-and serious quarrel ensued between Osara and Olokun over who is dearer and, most precious to Oduduwa between the two of them.
While Olokun was saying "Olobe lo koko" Osara said "Olomo lo loko", meaning: "A good cook is the husband's favorite; a fruitful wife is the husband's favorite."
Eventually, the quarrel between Olokun and Osara soon became public knowledge to the embarrassment of their husband.
Consequently, Oduduwa and the chiefs fixed a day for the settlement of the quarrel between the two, Olokun and Osara at Aafin Olofini that is Ooni's palace. On the morning of the agreed day, Olokun being a wealthy woman prepared a delicious feast for everybody present. Olokun is known to be extremely beautiful woman but attire and body adornments on this particular day made her even more beautiful to the admiration of all present. Giving the quality of items Olokun displayed, she was greatly admired and appreciated more than ever before for her beauty, wealth and the assets God has endowed her with, this attracted comments from spectators that Olokun surpasses her rival (Osara) in everything.
Soon afterwards, news went round the town and Osara heard of Olokun's exploits and display of wealth and affluence in the palace. She gathered all her children and adorned them with Agbon seeds on their arms and feet because she was as rich as Olokun. Nevertheless, Osara's children became a sight to behold because of their costumes. At the junction of Lakoro's compound close to Oja Ife market junction, Osara called on Lakoro family members and people around to come and witness her display at the palace. Osara gave eight out of the hand woven palm fan in her possession to Lakoro family members. On getting to the junction of Oriyangi's compound near the palace, Osara said "Agbonro" and the followers answered by saying
"Ro", "Agbon ro" Ro". Meaning: "Agbon descend, it has descended."
Armed with the hand woven palm fan earlier distributed to them, the followers of Osara and her children started clapping and dancing to the song.
"Olomo lo laye o'
Osara mo Komodeo,
Ololo loo laye o;
Osara mo Komodeo"
"A fruitful woman owns the world, Osara has brought children, a fruitful woman owns a world, Osara has brought children."
Unlike Olokun, Osara was merely able to feed people present with "Akara" beans cake. This is why 'Ekuru' is an important ritual item during Agbon festival. This is also why hand woven palm fan is used to provide music during Agbon festival up till today. Osara being a good dancer, danced to the admiration and delight of everybody even to the extent that Oduduwa and all, the chiefs and spectators gave Osara and her children a standing ovation. In the course of the uproar, Osara's children and the spectators scattered and disrupted all the priced and precious objects Olokun had displayed. This annoyed Olokun greatly and she sworn never again to have anything to do with Osara in life. But Osara promised to follow her wherever she went.
Olokun gave her priced and precious properties, which include beads and local fabrics "Aso Oke" to Osara's children. This perhaps explains why up till today Osara worshippers and adherents usually tied "Aso Oke" local fabric round their waist and beads round their neck as part of their costumes during the annual Agbon festival in Ile-Ife.
According to the oral tradition, Olokun in annoyance departed for Ilesa, some few kilometers from lIe-lfe. Osara followed her as promised. When they got to Ilesha Osara fell down and water came out right on the spot. The pond bake is still there up till today at the palace of Owa Aromolaran of Ilesha. The pond is still worshipped till today. Thereafter, Olokun left for Abeokuta and Osara followed her until they got to Lagos where Olokun fell down and turned into "Okun" an ocean, Osara also fell and she too turned into "Osa" an ocean. Olokun, owing to her earlier vow, was still annoyed that she would not have anything to do with Osara.
Magically, the two oceans, "Osa and Okun" separated permanently. This however explains the tiny demarcation that separates "Olokun and Osa" oceans in Lagos even up till today.
The festival is celebrated in the month of May in Ile-Ife. Before the commencement of the festival, the main participants proceed to Oke-Igbo or Ifetedo some towns near Ile-Ife to get the palm fronds and seeds. This is because Ile-lfe does not have the male species of palm tree that is used for the festival in its domain, (it is the female species that produces the coconuts that we eat).
The festival runs for seven days. Participants in the festival represent the followers of Osara and her children. The dried palm fronds will be tied with stones inside round the legs to form rattle like beads which was the prized and precious properties that Olokun gave Osara's children.
On the seventh day, attention will shift to the palace of the Ooni of Ife where Akara (bean cake) will be freely distributed. They will receive the blessings of the Ooni of Ife and afterwards all the palm fronds, Agbon seeds that was used in adorning the bodies will be removed suddenly and that mark the end of the festival till the following year.Gardening with chickens might just be one of the best partnerships that could ever exist for both the home gardener, and the chickens!
Raising chickens and having productive gardens and flowerbeds go hand in hand.
In fact, it is one of the finest examples of pure sustainability and permaculture you will ever find.
The chickens help to feed the garden with their super-rich manure. All the while, keeping pest and weed seed populations under control.
And the garden’s left over produce, along with all of those pests and weed seeds, provide an incredible source of food for the chickens as well.
As you will see below in detail, it is quite simply, a marriage made in garden heaven!
Gardening With Chickens – The Secret To Gardening Success!
Chicken Manure – The Ultimate Natural Fertilizer
Chicken manure is one of the best natural fertilizers around. And it can be used in so many ways!
The high nitrogen level of chicken manure heats up compost piles quickly.
And the resulting compost is filled with nutrients, providing big power to flowers, vegetable plants, and even shrubs, trees and bushes in the landscape.
You can also use fresh or dried chicken manure to make a nutrient-filled fertilizing tea. By steeping the manure in water for a few days, the resulting liquid can be used to water plants for a big boost.
Dried chicken manure can also be used to side dress flowers and vegetable plants during the growing season.
You do have to be a bit careful when using straight manure in the garden. It can be extremely “hot” with nitrogen, and can be used near plants, but not directly on them.
Insect and Bug Control
Gardening with chickens is like having a built-in pest control agent on duty at all times.
Chickens devour countless insects, ranging from tiny aphids to enormous tomato and cabbage worms.
In fact, a small flock of just 4 to 6 chickens can devour hundreds of insects each and every day. (See : How To Stop Grasshoppers)
But more importantly, they also devour the larvae of insects below the surface of the soil. And that is where many devastating pests such as Japanese beetles and tomato hornworms overwinter.
It is one of the reasons many gardeners turn their flocks loose in their gardens in the early spring or in late fall.
As they scratch and dig in the soil, they can eliminate many of pests that are just waiting to attack the garden.
Gardening With Chickens For Weed Control
Chickens are an incredible natural weed suppressor, and a great way to control invasive weed problems.
As they scratch and claw about, not only are they eating insects, they are also gobbling up weed seeds. And in amazing quantities!
Having a few chickens around means having far fewer weeds.
As much as your garden and landscape benefit from chickens, the chickens are rewarded as well.
The bugs, worms and seeds they devour complement their diet perfectly.
As chickens scratch about, they consume small bits of rock and grit. And that grit is necessary to aid in proper digestion.
They also need to “dust” themselves with dirt on a regular basis. It is a form of a dry bath that keeps them clean and free of mites. And garden and flower bed soil provide that in large quantities.
The chickens also love garden left-overs. They are a great way to dispose of over-ripened crops or garden remnants when a crop is pulled.
After all, they simply “process” all of that goodness before it heads to the compost pile!
Gardening With Chickens – The Eggs
And of course, we would be remiss if we didn’t talk about that one major final benefit of gardening with chickens – All of the Delicious Fresh Eggs!
Here’s to raising a few backyard chickens, and powering you flowers and gardens to new heights!
For a great read, check out the book : Free-Range Chicken Gardens: How to Create a Beautiful, Chicken-Friendly Yard
This Is My Garden is a garden website created by gardeners, publishing two articles every week, 52 weeks a year. This article may contain affiliate links.عضو هیئت مدیره اتحادیه کسب و کارهای مجازی اعلام کرد که طی هفته جاری از سوی اتحادیه کشوری کسب و کارهای مجازی سکوهایی معرفی خواهد شد که این امکان را به کسب و کارهای آفلاین می دهند تا روی پلتفرمهای آنها قرار بگیرند و محصولات خود را بفروشند.
تیک نیوز- شیوع ویروس کرونا و کم شدن رفتوآمدها برای پیشگیری از آن در ماه پایانی سال که عمدتا روزهای پررونقی برای کسب وکارهای خرد است، باعث شده بسیاری فعالان تجاری، اصناف و کارگران فصلی دچار زیان شوند.
در چنین شرایطی رضا الفت نسب، عضو هیئت مدیره اتحادیه کشوری کسب و کارهای مجازی، در گفتوگو با ایسنا از همکاری کسب و کارهای مجازی با مشاغل آفلاین خبر داد و ابراز امیدواری کرد که همکاری کسب و کارهای آفلاین و آنلاین مقطعی نباشد و بعد از پایان این بحران کسب و کارهای آفلاین هم از امکان خرید و فروش حضوری و هم از امکانات کسب و کارهای مجازی استفاده کنند.
عضو هیئت مدیره اتحادیه کشوری کسب و کارهای مجازی همچنین تاکید کرد که استفاده از کسب و کارهای مجازی برای کمک به کاهش رفت و آمد شهروندان برای مهار شیوع ویروس کرونا نیاز به امکانات زیرساختی مانند افزایش سرعت اینترنت و بهبود فعالیت لجستیکی دارد که بخش عمده آن مربوط به پست است.
الفت نسب با بیان اینکه با بالا رفتن حجم برخی سفارشها، نقل و انتقال آنها به تاخیر افتاده، پیشنهاد کرد که دولت برای هزینههای پستی یارانه پرداخت کند تا شهروندان در شرایط کنونی به استفاده از خدمات اینترنتی تشویق شوند.
وی با اشاره به تخصیص ۱۰۰ گیگ اینترنت رایگان به کاربران از سوی وزارت ارتباطات، تصریح کرد: در این شرایط و با افزایش تعداد کاربران و افزایش استفاده از اینترنت، سرعت و کیفیت آن باید صورت بالا و پایدار نگه داشته شود.
عضو هیئت مدیره اتحادیه کشوری کسب و کارهای مجازی همچنین از موافقت وزیر ارتباطات با ارائه تسهیلات به بخش پست خبر داد و گفت که این مسئله نیاز به ورود سازمان برنامه و بودجه دارد که قرار شده وزارت ارتباطات در این زمینه اقدام کند.
مبنع: ایسناNASA astronomers have recently discovered asteroid, which in a collision with the Earth in 30 years could cause a big disaster. The probability of falling heavenly bodies as they note, is extremely high. According to their calculations of the asteroid, called 2011 AG5, can face our planet 2040goda February 5, that is, after 29 years.
The news was published in the edition of The Daily Mail, strongly disturbed UN Action Team on Near-Earth Objects, which began discussing the measures to be taken to avoid a collision.
The width of the asteroid is more than 140 meters. Astronomers have calculated that the chances of a celestial body crashing into the Earth are 1 to 625, however, this information may change in the future.
If AG5 collide with the Earth, it could cause the destruction of millions of people, but it does not threaten the complete extinction of humanity. For comparison, the scientists cited the example of the asteroid, which became once caused the complete disappearance of the dinosaurs (65 million years ago), its size was 14 kilometers.
As for AG5, experts have not yet established its exact dimensions, more detailed calculations they can do in the period between 2013 and 2016 years, when the celestial body closer to our planet at a distance of more than convenient for the observation is made.
Experts are currently engaged in finding and developing ways that could prevent an asteroid collision with Earth. In the methods discussed is the use of a special space rocket that hooked celestial body can get him for yourself and leave a safe distance to the planet.
The missile can also help to change the asteroid’s orbit, just bumping into him. The option of use of nuclear weapons was considered by experts, but it can lead to additional problems - the asteroid AG5 then split into a large number of small fragments, which may fall down to Earth in the form of a meteor shower.
According to recent research by NASA, just around the Earth (at a distance of about 200,000 km) is about 19,000 such asteroids medium size.
By the mid-size asteroids include the heavenly bodies, the size of which ranges from 1 to 100 miles wide, and in a collision with the Earth can destroy a whole city.
Most public attention attracted Apophis asteroid the size of two football fields, which is projected to astronomers will fly as close to the Earth in 2036. If the predictions come true, the asteroid weighing 30 million tons of fly
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they can use the 21, but not the 25 (since it’s not in the window). If this sign is followed by the sign:
“The FleaBag Hotel, phone 555-2520”
they can use the 20, which now makes 21 the last complete number, and thus can also use the 25, since it’s now in the window.
The first line of the input file will contain an integer m indicating the number of test cases. Each test case will start with a pair of positive integers k w, where k ≤ 1000 indicates the number of signs seen by Don and Jan, and w ≤ 100 indicates the window size. Following that will be k lines each consisting of text from a sign. Each line of text may contain any combination of alphanumeric characters, punctuation and spaces, and will have length at most 1000. Input for each sign will end with a new line.
For each test case, output the case number followed by the last complete number that can be found using the signs, followed by the highest number seen within the window.
4 2 10 13 2 2 10 2 13 1 8 Tomorrow, from 12 to 2, 4-4 basketball tournament! $3 entry fee. 1 8 Tomorrow, from 11 to 7, 4-4 basketball tournament! $3 entry fee.
Case 1: 3 3 Case 2: 3 13 Case 3: 4 12 Case 4: 1 7Porto Riverside Turu
- Portekiz Keşif Çağı ve Portekiz Donanması’nın yaratılması hakkında bilgi edinin.
- Porto’nun neden “yenilmez şehir” olarak bildiğini keşfedin
- Gaia’yı ve liman şarap mahzenlerini keşfedin
Porto’nun bankaları, Portekiz’in sömürge genişlemesini sağlayan ve kriz dönemlerinde bile şehir için ekonomik refahı sağlayan Atlantik’e ilk seferlerin başladığını gördü. Porto’nun kaşifleri en eski Portekiz ticaret yollarını oluşturdu ve şehir de ilk Portekiz Donanması’na ev sahipliği yapıyor.
Uzaktaki topraklarda yer alan manzaraları bile olsa, Porto halkı evlerinde sahip oldukları şeyleri göz ardı etmedi. “Yenilmez şehir” olarak bilinen Porto, kıyılarını işgal etmeye çalışan herhangi bir krala, piskoposuna veya imparatoruna (sadece birkaç isim) karşı savaştı.
Bugünkü Porto, doğal nehir kenarı ve onun lezzetli liman şarabıyla ünlüdür – her ikisi de bu şehrin becerikliliğinin, cesaretinin ve gücünün ürünleridir. İkonik Dom Luis I köprüsünün hemen altında, liman şarabının saklandığı ve yaşandığı mahzenlerle çevrili Gaia yatıyor. Alanın nehir kıyısının en çok ziyaret edilen kısmına nasıl evrildiğini öğrenin.
Ünlü Dom Luis Köprüsü’nün iki yanındaki mahalleleri keşfetmek için bu tura katılın ve tüm şehrin neden 1996 yılında UNESCO Dünya Mirası statüsüne girdiğini keşfedin! Bu büyüleyici şehrin muhteşem atmosferini çekerken keşif ve muzaffer savaş hikayelerini dinleyin.
- 2,5 saatlik yürüyüş turu
- Tur rehberi
- Konaklama yerinden alma veya bırakma基于压缩感知的ISAR成像技术研究
【摘要】：高分辨ISAR成像技术对于雷达目标识别和特征提取具有重要意义。本文针对传统ISAR成像系统面临的采样率高、数据量大、回波数据有限及目标复杂运动条件下方位向采样不均匀时成像困难等问题，充分利用雷达目标散射率分布的稀疏性和压缩感知信息处理的巨大优势，围绕基于压缩感知的ISAR成像技术展开研究，重点研究了基于压缩感知的转台目标成像技术、高速运动目标成像技术和复杂运动目标成像技术。 第一章阐述了课题研究背景及意义，介绍了高分辨成像雷达的发展概况和ISAR成像技术研究现状，概述了压缩感知理论的发展及其应用，对基于压缩感知的雷达成像技术进行了归纳总结和分析，最后介绍了本文的主要研究工作。 第二章为基础理论研究。首先介绍了压缩感知的基本原理，对压缩感知的数学模型及关键要素进行了分析和讨论；然后从光学区散射中心理论、雷达成像根本原理的角度分析了雷达回波数据的稀疏性机理；最后从系统实际出发，提出了基于随机卷积的压缩感知雷达成像方法，该方法能够在少量观测数据条件下获得较好的成像结果，便于物理实现，且不受雷达发射波形的限制。 第三章研究了基于压缩感知的转台目标成像技术和快速重构算法。针对宽带线性调频雷达直接采样面临的数据采集和存储压力，构造了一种包含Stretch处理和傅里叶变换信息的稀疏字典，据此提出一种基于压缩感知的成像算法，所提方法省略了解线频调步骤，在实现高分辨成像的同时大大降低了雷达成像系统的数据率。针对频率步进雷达数据利用率低的问题，提出了基于压缩感知的二维联合和二维解耦成像算法。两种算法均可利用少量测量数据获得清晰的ISAR图像，并由于将相干混频处理过程融入稀疏字典中，简化了雷达系统的硬件设计。针对压缩感知成像算法复杂度高的问题，根据稀疏字典及测量矩阵的二维可分离特性，研究了压缩感知成像的快速重构算法，并提出一种改进的贪婪算法用于雷达图像重构，大大降低了存储量和计算量，提高了成像效率。 第四章研究了不同雷达信号体制下基于压缩感知的高速运动目标成像技术。针对线性调频雷达，根据解调后高速目标回波在分数阶傅里叶域的稀疏性，提出采用模拟信息转换方式对回波进行压缩测量，通过非线性优化重构雷达目标图像，并以重构一维距离像的稀疏性为准则，采用黄金分割法搜索最佳变换阶数来确定稀疏字典。所提方法无需额外的速度补偿步骤，同时解决了成像模糊和宽带雷达数据量过大的问题。针对频率步进雷达数据利用率低，且敏感于多普勒的问题，利用相位对消技术和脉冲重复间隔设计原理，提出一种基于随机频率步进波形设计的压缩感知成像方法，能够在降低数据率的同时克服多普勒效应的影响。针对线性调频步进雷达总数据率较高，且脉间压缩敏感于多普勒的问题，提出了基于随机调频步进波形设计的压缩感知成像方法，能够在降低总数据率的同时，获得运动目标的高分辨距离像。实验结果表明，对于高速运动目标，利用所提CS成像方法能够获得高质量的ISAR图像。 第五章研究了基于压缩感知的非匀速旋转目标、高速自旋目标和弹道中段进动目标成像技术。针对稀疏孔径和短孔径条件下非匀速旋转目标的ISAR成像问题，根据运动补偿后目标回波在匹配傅里叶域的稀疏性，提出了基于压缩感知的成像方法，并基于稀疏表示和优化搜索实现相对旋转参数的估计。所提方法解决了有限脉冲数据与方位分辨率之间的矛盾，且成像效果优于现有方法。针对高速自旋目标的二维/三维成像问题，提出了基于轨道运动的二维成像方法，利用压缩感知思想有效降低了所需采集的脉冲数。在此基础上利用自旋信息通过后向投影变换或压缩感知方法进行二维投影切片成像，从而得到目标三维散射点的相对位置分布。该方法通过预先获得散射点的高度维信息，大大降低了三维成像的复杂度。针对弹道中段进动目标的ISAR成像问题，通过对旋转对称目标回波模型的线性化处理，引入压缩感知思想，基于少量回波数据实现了进动目标的高分辨成像。所提方法相比现有方法改善了成像质量，提高了对进动参数的稳定性。 第七章总结了论文的研究工作和主要创新点，指出需要进一步研究的问题。Goldcrest Population Boom! Have You Spotted One Yet?
Goldcrest aren’t the most common of garden visitors. However, over the past two winters, sightings of them have gone up. In February 2017, after a particularly cold snap, reported sightings were up 35% from the previous five year average. This means goldcrest were appearing in nearly 10% of gardens across the country, up from 6%.
Winters have been relatively mild over the past few years so birdwatchers are confident that numbers have been boosted and sightings could be similarly high this winter. If the many goldcrest spotted earlier this year had a successful breeding season, there’s certainly a very good possibility. And high preliminary counts for September seem to point in that direction.
For anyone hoping to spot a goldcrest in their garden this winter, here’s a quick rundown of their appearance, habitat and favourite foods:
Along with the firecrest, the goldcrest is the country’s smallest bird. These pretty song birds weigh just 5-6g and usually measure between 8 and 9cm. They are a grey-green colour with a pale undercarriage. Their most distinctive feature is a bright stripe of colour on their heads (yellow in females and orange in males), which is outlined in black. They have a thin, delicate beak, perfectly designed to pick out insects from between pine needles.
Goldcrest can be found all across the country. They’re naturally a woodland bird and usually make their homes in pine forests. However, when food becomes scarce during colder months, they can be found in gardens, with sightings usually peaking during the months of February and March. During this time, goldcrest like to flock together with other small birds such as blue tits and great tits, and can often be heard before they are seen.
Goldcrest love to eat insects, particularly spiders and moth eggs, which they find in conifer trees. Their favourite foods are harder to come by during winter months and their small size makes coping with cold weather particularly tough. They expend a lot of energy trying to stay warm so fat balls and suet-based products are often a big hit. Leave fatty food out on your bird table or hang along with your bird feeder to give these birds some essential winter nutrition.
Leave out some tasty treats and you may be lucky enough to spot a goldcrest in your garden this winter. All recent records point to another bumper year for sightings so brush up on their appearance and keep your eyes peeled.
- Checkend Appsپیچیدن خود در پرچم یک روش آشنا در بسیاری از کشورها است که از حمایت یک رهبر حمایت می کنند ، به ویژه هنگامی که این رهبر می ترسد از این تهدید برخوردار باشد. ولادیمیر پوتین و همکارانش در ترکیب لفاظی مبتنی بر روسیه - از طریق تأکید ، به عنوان مثال بر نقش کلیسای ارتدکس روسیه - با این ادعای موازی مبنی بر اینکه روسیه سنت پیروی احترام به فرهنگهای اقلیت در مرزهای خود دارد ، غیرمعمول نیست. نتیجه کل این بوده است که پیام بیشتری را نسبت به سایر گروههای ملی به حساسیتهای قومی روسی نشان دهد.
اکنون س isال این است که پوتین کنترل این دستور کار دو گانه را تا چه حد از دست داده است. سه ویژگی اصلی یک سال و نیم گذشته تلاش کرملین برای حفظ وضعیت موجود از طریق سرکوب انتقاد یا مخالفت ، تخریب بیشتر نهادهای خودمختار از جمله با کنار گذاشتن دولت در زمان نخست وزیری دیمیتری مدودف و تلاش برای کاهش نیرو بود. به گذشته "اوراسیا" شبه شوروی. این سه رشته برای تأمین ایمنی کوتاه مدت برای گروه حاکم در نظر گرفته شده است اما به ضرر ثبات و شکوفایی بلند مدت روسیه است. از این رو احساس گسترده تردید در روسیه در مورد آینده ، و خارج از آن ، از احساس نیاز احساس شده به ویژه در سایر کشورهای شوروی سابق برای مقاومت در برابر استقبال زیاد مسکو وجود دارد.
آشوب و غارت در 13 تا 14 اکتبر پس از قتل یک تبعه روسی در منطقه مسکو در غرب بیریولیوو ، ظاهراً توسط یک تبعه آذری ، نشان دهنده این ناراحتی گسترده تر بود ، همانطور که تنش های بین قومی را نشان می داد که واکنش های روسیه را بر این موضوع متمرکز کرد. یک روز خاص اگر به پلیس اعتماد و توانایی می توانستند با یک قتل فردی مقابله کنند. در این صورت ، آنها کنترل خود را از دست داده و به جمع آوری بسیاری از قربانیان واقعی یا بالقوه حملات انتقام جویانه روسیه به افرادی که "ظاهری غیر روسی" ندارند ، دست یافتند. همچنین گفت که مقامات هیچ تلاشی برای خنثی کردن راهپیمایی روسیه در 4 نوامبر انجام ندادند - این راهپیمایی شامل تعدادی از "افراط گرایان" به زبان کسی بود.
ولسوالی بیرلیوویو ، به عنوان یک مخزن نمونه انتخابیه با محافظه کار که پوتین به آن اعتماد کرده است ، در انتخابات سپتامبر مسکو اکثریت سنگینی را به شهردار سرگئی سوبیانین بازگشت. پوتین و همکارانش در اواسط ماه اکتبر به این اختلال یادآوری می کنند که این رأی دهندگان با این وجود بی ثبات است ، و اعتماد به مقامات ، چه محلی و چه فدرال ، در بهترین حالت محدود است. خود پوتین هنوز رتبه های نظرسنجی بالایی دارد - بالاخره ، چه کسی دیگری در آنجاست؟ - اما نظرسنجی ها همچنین نشان می دهد که هنگامی که سؤالات مشخصی درباره سیاست ها و چشم اندازها برای رأی دهندگان مطرح می شود ، نشان دهنده شکاف فزاینده بین گروه حاکم و کل مردم است. با توجه به روشی که گفته های رئیس جمهور از ماه مه 2012 به تبدیل شدن به واضح ترین راننده سیستم - یا ترمز روی آن برای این موضوع - افزایش یافته است ، این حکم نیز در مورد سابقه پوتین و وضعیت فعلی است.
فقیرنشینان روس بیشتر از همتایان بهتر تحت تأثیر سایر اقوام ساکن در میان آنها قرار دارند. این گروههای دیگر البته شامل همشهریانی از قفقاز شمالی و همچنین کارگران مهاجر از بقیه کشورهای اتحاد جماهیر شوروی سابق هستند - آنها نیز فقیر هستند و به طور معمول ، تحصیل کرده نیز نیستند. در مورد حمله به "افرادی که ظاهری غیر روسی ندارند" فرقی نمی کند که این افراد شهروند روسیه باشند یا نه. تعداد چنین حوادثی طی سالهای اخیر افزایش یافته است ، اما به نظر می رسد تاکنون کار باندهای خشن بیش از نیروهای سیاسی سازمان یافته باشد.
مسئله روابط قومی روسها و دیگران با این وجود به طور پیوسته در دستور کار سیاسی قرار گرفته است. گروه بندی های ناسیونالیستی بخشی از اپوزیسیون ، سیستمی و غیرسیستماتیک و گروههایی هستند که رژیم را تشکیل می دهند. "پول بیشتر برای قفقاز" یکی از شعارهای مؤثر الکسی ناوالنی بوده است. شورش های بیرلیوویو ، یورش پلیس به افرادی که مظنون به مهاجران غیرقانونی هستند ، و مارس 4 نوامبر روسیه همه تمرکز بر نگرانی های ناسیونالیستی را افزایش دادند.
اما لفاظی ارزان است و عملی واقع بینانه دشوار برای پیش بینی ، و مقامات حاکم را بهم پیوسته است. تمرکز آنها روی مسئله مهاجران غیرقانونی بوده است ، نه روابط بین قومی به همین ترتیب. پوتین برای احساسات روس ها ابراز همدردی کرده است ، اما به دلایل عملی ، ایده هایی راجع به سیستم ویزا اعم از کل کشور یا به ویژه مسکو تأیید نکرده است. بستن بازار Biryulyovo در مرکز مشکلات اکتبر یک واکنش غریزی اما نه چندان قانع کننده بود. صحبت از معرفی دوربین های تشخیص چهره برای مهاجران مصمم به نظر می رسید اما همه اینها خوب بود.
واقعیت این است که حاکمان روسیه هیچ پاسخی به مجموعه سؤالاتی ندارند که ممکن است در نیروی مخرب آنها افزایش یابد ، به ویژه با توجه به روشی که چشم اندازهای اقتصادی این کشور تاریک شده است. خرید از دردسر دیگر گزینه ای نیست که در آن وجود داشته باشد. غریزه مقامات به احتمال زیاد با اجبار با چالش های قومی مقابله خواهد کرد ، و ساکنان غیر روسی اهداف ارجح خود را خواهند گرفت.
انتشار اوراق قرضه سبز نقش بین المللی یورو را تقویت می کند
وزرای گروه یوروگ ، پس از انتشار اطلاعیه کمیسیون اروپا (15 ژانویه) ، "سیستم اقتصادی و اقتصادی اروپا: تقویت قدرت و مقاومت" ، در مورد نقش بین المللی یورو (19 فوریه) بحث کردند.
رئیس اتحادیه اروپا ، Paschal Donohoe گفت:هدف کاهش وابستگی ما به ارزهای دیگر و تقویت استقلال در شرایط مختلف است. در عین حال ، افزایش استفاده بین المللی از واحد پول ما همچنین بر معاملات بالقوه ای نیز دلالت دارد که ما همچنان رصد خواهیم کرد. در طول بحث ، وزرا بر پتانسیل صدور اوراق قرضه سبز برای افزایش استفاده از یورو توسط بازارها تأکید کردند و در عین حال به دستیابی به هدف انتقال آب و هوا کمک کردند. "
یورو گروه در سال های اخیر از زمان اجلاس یورو در دسامبر 2018 چندین بار در مورد این موضوع بحث کرده است. کلاوس رگلینگ ، مدیر عامل مکانیسم پایداری اروپا گفت که وابستگی بیش از حد به دلار شامل خطرات است ، به عنوان مثال آمریکای لاتین و بحران آسیا در دهه 90 عنوان شده است. وی همچنین به طور مورب به "قسمت های اخیر" اشاره کرد که در آن غلبه دلار باعث می شد شرکت های اتحادیه اروپا نتوانند در برابر تحریم های ایالات متحده به کار خود با ایران ادامه دهند. رگلینگ معتقد است که سیستم پولی بین المللی به آرامی به
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Received 21 May 2013
accepted in revised form 17 December 2013d vitamini olan meyveler, D Vitamini Bulunan Meyveler nelerdir D vitamini, kalsiyum ve fosforun sindirim yollarında kullanımı ve emilimiyle özellikle çocuklarda büyüme için gerekli vitamindir. D Vitamini bulunan besinler ;Aslında en önemli D vitamini kaynağı güneş ışınlarıdır.Bunun yanında karaciğer, balık, yumurta, tereyağı, peynir, mantar gibi besinlerde de bol miktarda D vitamini bulunur.1 Answer | Add Yours
Candy has not been able do a great many things. In the context of the novel, it becomes clear that Candy has never really been in a setting where he was treated as an equal. Candy has never been a part of a setting where his voice was validated. When Candy tells George and Lennie that he would like to be a part of their dream, this becomes clear:
I got hurt four year ago...They’ll can me purty soon. Jus’ as soon as I can’t swamp out no bunk houses they’ll put me on the county. Maybe if I give you guys my money, you’ll let me hoe in the garden even after I ain’t no good at it. An’ I’ll wash dishes an’ little chicken stuff like that. But I’ll be on our own place, an’ I’ll be let to work on our own place.
The idea of "on our own place" is appealing to Candy because it represents a sense of empowerment that he had never experienced. His role on the ranch is marginal, and given that he obtained it as a result of the loss of his arm, it becomes evident that Candy has not been in a situation where he is seen as an equal. He recognizes this dream when he sees that he can be a part of the vision that George and Lennie share. Candy has never been able to accomplish a dream where his own happiness is evident. For just a brief moment, he is able to envision this with George and Lennie. Given the yearning and sense of longing that is the undertone to Candy's speaking in this part of the text, he has never been able to do this. It is for this reason that he is both so very excited at its prospect and so emotionally crushed by the end of the novel.
We’ve answered 288,191 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a questionHistoric Timeline of the Caribbean: Amerindians to Present-Day (With a concentration on the history of the Virgin Islands in general and St. Croix in particular)
–4.5 billion years ago: formation of planet Earth
–70 to 50 million years ago: Caribbean islands emerge from Atlantic Ocean as the result of volcanic eruptions, sedimented rock formations, and/or coral formations. (Dinosaurs become extinct around 70 million years ago).
–2 million years ago: Homo habilis emerges on continent of Africa (Kenya)—first known stage in evolutionary line that would lead to humans.
–200,000 years ago: Homo sapiens—modern man—emerges on continent of Africa (Kenya).
–25,000-15,000 years ago: Asians cross the Bering Straight during the last Ice Age, entering North America, thereby becoming first recorded humans in the “New World.” By 5,000 years ago, they had migrated to the bottom of South America. (Based on archaeological evidence, recent scholarship tends to date the last Ice Age at between 40,000 and 25,000 years ago, with human presence in the southernmost areas of South America dating from around 9,000 years ago).
–15,000 years ago: approximate date of sophisticated cave drawings in the Pyrenees Mountains between Spain and France.
–5000 B.C.: diverse peoples begin populating the Caribbean islands from the northern regions of South America, but also possibly from Central America and North America.
–3000 B.C.: The Great Sphinx (though recent evidence indicates that the sculpture may have been made around 5000 B.C. or earlier, thereby altering long-established timelines on the history of civilization).
–2500 B.C.: great pyramids of Egypt built.
–2000-1000 B.C. (latest dates being around 200 A.D.): native peoples begin populating the Virgin Islands.
–500 B.C.- 200 B.C.: pottery-making/using peoples begin migrating to Caribbean islands from Orinoco River region of northern South America (present-day Venezuela), populating from Trinidad upwards. Earliest evidence of pottery-use in Virgin Islands dates to 200 A.D., (or 700 years after pottery was first introduced to Caribbean region).
–1200 A.D – 1500 A.D.: Taino presence in the Virgin Islands and Greater Antilles.
-Undetermined Pre-Columbian date(believed to be circa 1300 A.D.) to present day: Island Caribs (also called Kalina or Kalinago)
–October 12, 1492: Christopher Columbus encounters the “New World,” landing on one of the islands in the Bahamas, which was inhabited by a Taino people called the “Lucayans.” He named the island “San Salvador.” (Called “Guanahani” by the native people. Today it is called Watling’s Island) (By 1546 the Taino population in Greater Antilles, estimated to be between one and three million upon Columbus’ arrival, becomes extinct).
EARLY HISTORY OF AFRICANS IN NEW WORLD
-(1492: Alonzo Pietro, a mulatto, is pilot on board “Pinta” [captained by Pinzon]).
-November 14, 1493: Columbus sails into Ay-Ay, at what is believed to be present-day Salt River, naming the island Santa Crux (Holy Cross). After a fierce encounter with the island’s inhabitants, in which one of Columbus’s men dies from a Carib arrow, Columbus calls the site “Cape of the Arrows.”
-(1501: Juan de Cordoba, despite 1501 Spanish decree banning importation of enslaved Africans into the New World for fear that they would teach the Spanish language to the Native Americans, sends a black slave to Hispanola to sell goods to the colonists [By the late 1490s, many West African black people had
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, pumpkin puree, pumpkin butter, melted butter, and vanilla extract to dry ingredients. Stir 10-15 times to blend.
4. Pour batter in loaf pan and bake for 45-55 minutes or until a toothpick comes out clean in the middle. Let rest a few minutes before serving.
Instant Pumpkin Ice Cream
1 cup pumpkin puree
1 banana, peeled, very ripe
1/2 cup coconut milk
2 tablespoons Grade B maple syrup or honey
1 teaspoon pumpkin pie spice
1. Fill an ice cube tray evenly with the pumpkin puree, making about 7-8 cubes.
Cover tightly with plastic wrap to avoid freezer burn.
2. Place the banana in a Ziploc bag and place it and the ice cube tray in the freezer overnight.
3. Remove the cubes from the tray and let them sit in a bowl on the counter for 10 minutes.
4. Remove the banana from the bag and place it and the rest of the ingredients in a food processor or blender.
5. Blend until smooth, stopping to scrape down the sides if needed. If you have an older food processor or blender, you may need to wait a little longer to let the frozen items thaw a bit before it will be able to process for you.
Healthy Pumpkin Pie
Total Time: 45 minutes
Yield: 1 pie
1 can (15-ounce) pumpkin puree
1 (13.5 ounce) can full-fat coconut milk
1/4 cup rolled oats
2 tbsp ground flax
1/3 cup coconut sugar or brown sugar
Pinch pure stevia or 2 tbsp extra brown sugar
2 tsp cinnamon
1 tsp pumpkin pie spice
1/2 tsp salt
1 tbsp pure vanilla extract
1. Preheat oven to 400°F. Blend all ingredients together until smooth, then pour into a prepared pie crust (such as the recipe below) in a 10-inch round pan.
2. Bake 27 minutes (it will still be underdone after this time but let it cool, then refrigerate at least 5 hours uncovered for the pie to thicken and “set.”
1 1/2 cups whole wheat pastry flour or all-purpose flour
1 tsp salt
1/3 cup sugar of choice
1/2 cup canola or vegetable oil
2-4 tbsp water
1. Preheat oven to 200°F. In a large mixing bowl, combine all dry ingredients.
2. Add oil and stir. Add water as needed until it just sticks together but is not gummy.
3. Press evenly into a 10-inch pie pan. Put the crust in the oven and immediately increase the temperature to 350 F. (The crust will rise, so either use pie weights during baking or just press the pie crust back down afterwards.) Bake 15 minutes. Let cool.
Roasted Pumpkin Seeds
1-1/2 cups raw pumpkin seeds
2 teaspoons olive oil
1/2 teaspoon garlic salt, plus additional if desired
Non-stick cooking spray
1. Remove seeds from your pumpkin and place in a colander. Place colander in your sink and rinse with water, removing as much of the stringy pumpkin guts as you can.
2. Pour seeds on to a rimmed baking sheet and allow to dry overnight. The following day, pick out any remaining pieces of pumpkin.
3. Preheat oven to 300°F. Spray a clean rimmed baking sheet with cooking spray.
4. Toss seeds in a bowl with the olive oil and garlic salt. Spread the seeds on the prepared baking sheet and bake for about 30 to 40 minutes or until golden brown.
5. Taste and season with additional garlic salt if desired.
Spicy Pumpkin Seeds
Yields: 2 cups
2 cups fresh pumpkin seeds
2 tablespoons vegetable oil
1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
1/8 to 1/4 teaspoon hot pepper sauce
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon paprika
1/4 teaspoon ground cumin
1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
1. In a small bowl, toss pumpkin seeds with oil, Worcestershire sauce and hot pepper sauce.
2. Combine the salt, paprika, cumin and cayenne; sprinkle over seeds and toss to coat.
3. Line a 15-in. x 10-in. x 1-in. baking pan with foil; grease the foil. Spread pumpkin seeds in pan.
4. Bake, uncovered, at 250° F for 45-50 minutes or until lightly browned and dry, stirring occasionally. Cool completely. Store in an airtight container.
Pumpkin Spice Granola
2 cups old-fashioned oats (use certified gluten-free oats if making this GF)
1 cup raw pecan halves
1 cup raw pepitas (pumpkin seeds)
1/4 cup maple syrup
1/4 cup melted coconut oil
1/4 cup pumpkin puree
1 1/2 teaspoons pumpkin pie spice
1/4 teaspoon vanilla extract
1/2 teaspoon salt(optional)
1/2 cup shredded or shaved coconut (optional)
1/2 cup white or semisweet chocolate chips (optional)
1. Heat oven to 350°F. Spray a large baking sheet with cooking spray, or line it with parchment paper.
2. Set aside. Combine the oats, pepitas and pecans in a large mixing bowl.
3. In a separate bowl, whisk together the maple syrup, melted coconut oil, pumpkin puree, pumpkin pie spice, vanilla extract, and salt together until smooth.
4. Pour the maple syrup mixture over the oats mixture, and toss until everything is evenly mixed.
5. Spread the granola mixture out evenly on a greased or parchment-lined baking sheet and bake for 15 minutes.
6. Remove from the oven and add in the coconut (if using) and give everything a good stir.
7. Return the granola to the oven and cook for an additional 10-15 minutes, or until the mixture is golden.
8. Remove and let the granola cool until it reaches room temperature. Stir in the chocolate chips (if using).
9. Serve immediately, or store in a sealed container for up to 2 weeks.
Don’t Forget Pumpkin Seeds
These seeds are high in fiber, nutrients, minerals, and omega-3s. The fiber content means pumpkin seeds are low on the glycemic index scale, keeping blood sugar balanced. You won’t feel as tempted by the donuts in the breakroom.
An ounce of pumpkin seeds provides 7 grams of protein and 4 grams of monosaturated fat, as well as manganese (42% RDI), magnesium (37% RDI), and phosphorous (33% RDI). The seeds are a good source of phytosterols, which slow down the absorption of dietary cholesterol and cholesterol manufactured by the liver.
Urinary Tract Health
Pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil may improve symptoms of prostate and urinary disorder, as well as lower risk for bladder and kidney stones, formed when certain minerals crystalize in the bladder or kidneys. In addition, pumpkin seed oil may help with overactive bladder in men with enlarged prostates.
Pumpkin seed oil may help reduce low density lipoproteins (LDL) and boost high density lipoproteins (HDL) in postmenopausal women. Pumpkin seeds contain lignan, a phytoestrogen, which mimics or blocks the effects of the hormone.
Phytoestrogens may provide health benefits for women in perimenopause, menopause, and postmenopause but may be some risk. During perimenopause, the transition to menopause, a woman may experience symptoms including hot flashes (vasometer issues), mood swings, and decreased libido. Phytoestrogens may reduce hot flashes and other symptoms. In addition, these plant estrogens may help to support bone density in women who are post-menopause.
Phytoestrogens and Cancer
Including phytoestrogens like isoflavones from soy may lower risk for prostate, colon, gut, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. However, there is conflicting evidence about phytoestrogens and breast cancer. Further studies are needed.
The Bottom Line
Pumpkin, pumpkin seeds, and pumpkin seed oil provide numerous health benefits, from supporting cardiovascular and metabolic health to providing benefits to support weight loss. The fiber in pumpkin and pumpkin seeds helps to slow down digestion, possibly controlling blood glucose levels from eating, as well as weight.
The phytoestrogens in pumpkin seeds may provide many health benefits, including protection against certain cancers. However, more research is needed in the association between breast cancer and phytoestrogens. Pumpkin is an excellent source of beta-carotene, which may provide protection against certain cancers.
Read Next >>> Benefits Of Papaya Seeds For Digestion And PreventionÞing-brekkaOld Norse Dictionary - þing-brekka
Meaning of Old Norse word "þing-brekka" in English.
As defined by the Cleasby & Vigfusson Old Norse to English dictionary:
- u, f. the ‘parliament-brink,’ a law term; at all old places where parliament was held there was a ‘brink’ or high place where the law was read, speeches made, or proclamations and declarations issued to the assembled people (the Tynwald in the Isle of Man is just such a spot), this place was called the ‘thing-brink’ (at the alþing it was called the Lögberg or ‘Hill of laws’); lýsa í þingbrekku, … stefna um í þingbrekku til dóms, Grág. (Kb.) i. 99; ganga í þingbrekku ok nefna vátta, 107 hann skal til segja þrjú vór í þingbrekku, svá at meiri hlutr þing-heyjanda heyri, ii. 158; Egill Skallagrímsson gekk í þingbrekku um daginn eptir … þá stóð Egill upp ok mælti svá …, Eg. 734; þá gengr Glúmr í þingbrekku ok nefnir vátta, Glúm. 387; at þinglausnum í þingbrekku stóð Þorsteinn upp ok mælti, Þorst. Síðu H. 174; leiða í brekku, to lead to the brink or hill of laws, i. e. to proclaim; ef þræli er frelsi gefit ok er hann eigi leiddr í lög eða brekku, Grág. i. 358.
Possible runic inscription in Younger Futhark:ᚦᛁᚾᚴ-ᛒᚱᛁᚴᚴᛅ
Younger Futhark runes were used from 8th to 12th centuries in Scandinavia and their overseas settlements
- i. e.
- id est.
➞ See all works cited in the dictionary
Works & Authors cited:
- Egils Saga. (D. II.)
- Víga-Glúms Saga. (D. II.)
- Grágás. (B. I.)
- Konungs-bók. (B. I, C. I, etc.)
- Þorst. Síðu H.
- Þorsteins Saga Síðu-Hallssonar. (D. II.)To develop equitable and trustworthy technology, we must understand how AI performs in practice, and guide and shape the way AI interacts with humans, their vital social structures and institutions, and the international order.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are poorly understood, even within academic and research communities. The media portray a world of robots run amok; new applications and milestones are often described as “machines beating humans;” and influential public figures warn of job losses and more dire consequences. While some concerns are legitimate, misleading narratives too often distract from the pressing issues society is likely to confront as AI systems become commonplace.
Scholarly research is needed to measure and manage a host of critical issues, including the extent to which algorithms introduce, compound, or mitigate business risk or bias; a “responsibility gap” between decisions made by machines and people; the use of AI for surveillance, population control, and waging war; and the impact of AI on industry structure, labor markets, economic growth, and trade across nations. This research will inform engagement with industry, government, and civil society to beneficially guide AI’s development.Stäubli Robotica inizierà il nuovo anno con un nuovo Group Division Manager: Christophe Coulongeat riceverà il testimone da Gerald Vogt, il quale dal 1° gennaio 2021 è il nuovo Ceo del Gruppo Stäubli.
Una grande esperienza
Nella sua nuova funzione, Christophe Coulongeat entrerà inoltre a far parte del Group Executive Committee di Stäubli. Il dirigente francese, prima di unirsi a Stäubli nel 2018 come Deputy Division Manager Robotica, ha maturato una grande esperienza commerciale in ambito regionale e globale nei settori degli imballaggi e dell’automazione in Francia, Austria, Emirati Arabi Uniti e Svizzera. Con questo avvicendamento, Stäubli Robotica porta avanti la propria strategia di crescita globale e di continuità.
«Christophe Coulongeat è un manager dinamico e lungimirante. La sua esperienza internazionale in campo industriale andrà a grande vantaggio dei nostri clienti. Ho piena fiducia nella sua capacità di contribuire all’ulteriore sviluppo e crescita del settore robotica del Gruppo Stäubli», ha dichiarato Gerald Vogt, nuovo Ceo del Gruppo Stäubli ed ex Group Division Manager Robotica.
Christophe Coulongeat ha conseguito una laurea in Ingegneria presso l’Università di Poitiers e un BSc in International Business Management presso l’ESVII, con percorsi formativi per dirigenti presso l’IMD, la MIT Sloan School of Management e la Columbia Business School.Dr. Gabriela S. Pilo
Oceanographer, Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies (University of Tasmania, Australia)
It is quite easy to draw a parallel between ocean and space exploration. Both require a ship, a large sense of adventure, and a love of discovery. But there are more similarities between the ocean and space than simply their ability to feed the imagination of writers, musicians, and curious minds.
The ocean, like space, is still unknown. Similarly to space research, ocean researchers are still trying to fill several knowledge gaps. We’ve advanced a lot since the beginning of modern Oceanography, attributed to the Challenger Expedition in 1872. We have now charted the main ocean currents, from the surface down to the bottom of the ocean, at 6000 m depths. We understand how and where surface waters become dense and sink, creating a conveyor belt that connects the whole planet, travelling for 1000 years before re-surfacing. We also understand that ocean currents interact with the wind, the ocean floor, and with each other, and break into several rotating bodies of water, known as ocean eddies. These eddies spin away, carrying their parent current’s water to distant parts of the ocean. However, as in space, there is still a lot we don’t know. Gaps in ocean research relate to balances of energy and of biogeochemical compounds, and to the response of the ocean to a changing climate.
Considering that there still so much to learn, we often find ourselves in the middle of the ocean looking for answers! This brings up the second similarity between ocean and space research: when you are out there, conditions can get harsh! Open-ocean Oceanographic cruises can last for up to 3 months, having only a few shore stops during this time. Therefore, like in space, an oceanographic vessel must be autonomous for a long period of time. During research cruises, scientists and crew members are putting all their efforts into sampling the water and measuring physical properties of the ocean. Sampling happens under all circumstances, in the middle of the night, in rain, snow, and under very high wave conditions! In addition, icebreaker vessels can go deep into an ice field, and reach the most remote parts of the world. Ocean-sickness, just like space-sickness, often kicks in, as your body gets used to the constant movement. You are also living in a confined space with like-minded people that have one goal: to do science!
But the ocean is not just a large body of water, flowing and crashing against the shore. The bathymetry of the ocean, the chemical elements dissolved in the water, and the animals, microbes, and algae that live in it, are equally important and fascinating! Oceanography is a highly multidisciplinary research field. Therefore, to fully understand the ocean, we need to collaborate. It takes a team of physical oceanographers, marine biologists, geologists, meteorologists, glaciologists, and several other scientists to put the pieces of the puzzle together. This team work builds up our knowledge of the ocean. Just like in the space sciences, collaboration is key! For example, the InnovaSpace Team is composed of experts in life science, telehealth, and engineering.
Finally, the ocean, like space, is vast. We cannot be everywhere, at all times to study it. To obtain global, constant measurements of the ocean we rely on state-of-the-art sensors, similarly to space research. The sensors to measure the ocean are either aboard a series of artificial satellites orbiting the Earth, or in instruments placed in the water. Sensors onboard satellites can measure the sea surface temperature, salinity, and sea surface height. In the water, sensors are aboard floats, mooring arrays, automated underwater vehicles, remotely operated vehicles, gliders, and seals (!). Operational oceanography is a fascinating field of research, and at its heart sits the Argo array, composed of 4000 Argo floats measuring temperature and salinity of the top 2000 m of the ocean since 2005. This array has helped oceanographers to answer important questions on ocean circulation and climate change.
Ultimately, the ocean - just like the space - brings fascination. The excitement of discovery is present both when exploring a deep canyon or a distant quasar. In the end, the ocean is also a final frontier. A frontier, however, closer to home!
Department of Morphological Sciences, ICBS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Amazing as it may seem, as the number of spaceflights has increased and life aboard space stations has become a reality, the effects of high levels of space radiation and microgravity (micro-G) on mammalian reproduction are still largely unknown. Therefore, the study of reproduction in space is a very important subject for the future of space missions. Research conducted with experimental non-mammal animals, such as sea urchins, fish, amphibians, and birds has concluded that micro-G does not prevent animal reproduction. However, mammalian reproduction presents specific features, such as ovulation, sperm and oocyte (egg) transit in the reproductive tract, embryo attachment, implantation and placentation, which are specific to mammalian reproduction and cannot be studied in non-mammal species. Surprisingly, little information is available today on how these processes occur in conditions of microgravity.
A first problem requiring investigation is the supposed difficulty that sperm and egg cells may have to travel along the female reproductive tract to accomplish natural fertilization under micro-G conditions. A project with 100% relevance is NASA’s Micro-11 research, which aims to examine putative motility alterations in human and bull sperm during spaceflight
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39.7 million people enrolled in Medicare and this increased to 50.7 million in 2012. Criteria for coverage under Medicare include those older than 65 years, those younger than 65 years with certain disabilities, and all those with end-stage renal disease. The selected breakdown within the 2012 data includes 8.8 million disabled younger than 65 years, 17 million older than 75 years, 5.1 million African American, and 3.4 million of other race/ethnicity. Medicare is divided into 4 components: part A is hospital insurance; part B is outpatient insurance; part C is Medicare Advantage, with services through provider organization; and part D is prescription coverage, which started in 2006.53
Medicaid is a highly used program and is steadily growing. For example, in 2000, there were 34.5 million enrollees, and in 2012, there were 56.6 million enrollees. After the implementation in 2014 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, an additional 17 million enrollees are expected. Overall, Medicaid enrollees represent 22% of the U.S. population.53 Regarding Medicaid eligibility, all groups include low income as a criterion, and other qualifications include disability, pregnancy, children, and elderly individuals. Regarding race and ethnicity, there were 13.6 million African Americans, 15.5 million Hispanic, and 1.9 million Asian enrollees. Each state determines the type, duration, and scope of services it will provide, within broad federal guidelines. Delivery of care occurs in 2 separate models, including fee for service and through managed care organizations.
Medicare and Medicaid data are used for a broad range of projects. One important aspect of these data is the potential to link them to other registries to enrich the data. For example, these data can be linked to Surveillance and End Epidemiology Results (SEER) to perform studies of cancer outcomes. Shaukat et al linked a SEER catchment area to Medicare claims data parts A and B. The authors reported a 93% success rate for linking. The authors also investigated IBD as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) in older individuals54 and risks of small bowel adenocarcinoma among older individuals with CD.55 Other linkage studies did not focus on IBD but were able to link Medicare or Medicaid data to other U.S. government registries or disease-based registries.56–58
It is also possible to combine Medicare and Medicaid data with other data sources to enrich data or augment the power. For example, 1 group combined 4 data sources, Medicare/Medicaid databases, Tennessee Medicaid, pharmacy benefits for Medicare in certain states, and Kaiser Permanente data, to investigate the cancer risks associated with antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF)-alpha agents in chronic immune-mediated diseases. The authors used ICD-9 codes for identification and a variety of methods in combining data regarding cancers and regarding infectious complications.59,60 There are also state-based data that can be leveraged to perform research. For example, in California, there is a research institute (California Medicaid Research Institute) within the MediCal program that focuses on research relevant to health policy and healthcare decision makers. As of yet, state programs such as this do not focus on surveillance or disease-specific states. IBD researchers have used state government Medicaid repositories to investigate the incidence and risk of intestinal and extraintestinal complications over a 5-year period in IBD.61 ICD-9 codes were used for identification of patients, requiring 2 claims for IBD, similar to previous studies using administrative data.
These data currently have an undefined role in surveillance. However, these data could form an aspect of a broad approach to surveillance. CMS data are the closest thing we currently have to a “national” population-based database. As data are in place, the costs may be less than those associated with initiating a surveillance program from scratch. In addition, these data include historically underrepresented populations, including vulnerable populations such as children. The limitations include those of administrative data, without the ability to validate data unless linked to another data source. Clinical characteristics such as disease phenotype are not available. The population is limited, and it is not representative of the U.S. population at large. These data have a high prevalence of elderly individuals and low-income individuals. If these data are used in combination with other commercial administrative claims data that include Medicare or Medicaid managed care programs, it is possible that individuals would be double counted or miscounted. In all, these data could not stand alone as a surveillance program for IBD but could play a role in such a program.
Closed Panel Health Maintenance Organization Data (Kaiser Permanente)
Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) is a closed, staff model, integrated healthcare delivery system with capitated payment founded in 1945 serving Sacramento and the Bay Area. Today, it is 1 of the largest healthcare delivery organizations in the United States. KPNC provides healthcare services to approximately 3.3 million members, about 30% of the population in 14 Northern California counties. Based on data from the 2003 California Health Interview Survey, the KPNC adult membership is very similar to the non-KPNC population regarding education and health, differing by having lower percentages of white non-Hispanics and lower percentages of members with very low and very high household incomes. The KPNC membership is similar to the general population regarding race/ethnicity but seems to be better educated, in better overall health (as perceived by survey participants), and have lower rates of smoking.
The KPNC Division of Research (DOR) was established in 1961 with a mission to understand the determinants of illness and well being and to improve the quality and cost effectiveness of health care for Kaiser Permanente members and society at large. DOR conducts epidemiological and health services research, including technology assessment, and serves as the principal consulting resource for health services, health disparities, and clinical studies for KPNC. The DOR has validated algorithms for IBD case finding within their computerized clinical data. These definitions were previously validated against chart review. Cases of IBD have been identified and followed, allowing for publication of studies on natural history, incidence and prevalence, disease complications and outcomes, medication safety, and mortality.20,22,23,62–65
Large computerized data systems are essential for studying rare diseases such as IBD and they represent real-world experience. Kaiser Permanente’s population is large, diverse, and generally representative of urban Northern California. Many of the variables used in the IBD research program have been validated. In addition, the automated healthcare data used for this study have relatively long follow-up, allowing greater capture of the patient’s history. The setting and resources are excellent for assessing incidence and prevalence and for studying healthcare processes and outcomes. There are also limitations to this data source. These important limitations include incomplete information on the patient’s clinical history; interval censoring of patients, with patients cycling into and out of enrollment; the use of algorithms with levels of validity that are not adequate to meet a study’s aims. In addition, information on the incidence date and disease severity and activity are not recorded as structured data in the computerized system, although these data can be obtained from the interpretation of text in progress notes.
Kaiser Permanente’s computerized data have an important role to play in understanding the incidence and prevalence of IBD, including patterns in relation to sex, age, race/ethnicity, and calendar change over time. However, regarding a national IBD surveillance program, this model is not feasible as the majority of U.S. health plans are not closed, capitated health plans as in the Kaiser Permanente model. Other forms of administrative data within the United States are not identifiable and, therefore, cannot be linked to medical records for validation. A proposed national IBD surveillance program may include a component of administrative data, such as that within Kaiser Permanente.
Regional Longitudinal Cohort (Olmsted County)
The Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) is a medical records linkage system that has existed since 1966 and captures healthcare information on all residents of Olmsted County, MN.66–69 The project provides computer linkage for medical diagnoses and surgical procedures (through ICD-9 and other codes) for all healthcare encounters including hospitalizations, emergency room visits, outpatient visits, and nursing home care. The project has access to all records, including ambulatory care, within the county. The REP exploits the fact that virtually all healthcares in the county is provided by 1 of 2 integrated healthcare systems. The project now includes over 500,000 individual patients (1966–2010), with over 6 million years of follow-up. These data identify the full spectrum of disease. There are over 1800 epidemiologic reports on acute and chronic disease. The schema for development of an individual study with the REP includes retrieval of data using codes and dates, medical record review, and then performance of the study within these validated, abstracted data. This methodology has been used to develop an inception cohort of IBD.4,70,71
Case definitions of IBD within this data source can include clinical characteristics, because of the highly reliable level of clinical data available. For example, the case definition for CD includes a finding from at least 2 of the following categories: specific symptoms, endoscopic findings, radiologic findings, surgical findings, or pathologic findings. For UC, the definition includes 2 studies separated by 6 months including endoscopy findings of diffuse granular or friable mucosa with continuous involvement on endoscopy or barium study. Examples of IBD studies within this data source have included several incidence and prevalence studies. Loftus et al4 showed incidence rates of both CD and UC in Olmsted County from 1940 to 2000 to peak in the 20- to 29-year-old age group. Temporal trends showed an increase in the incidence of IBD over time in this cohort, particularly for CD. Other factors addressed in studies from within this cohort include costs,72 malignancy risks,73 fistula risks,74 bone fracture risks,75,76 responses to medical therapies (such as corticosteroids),77 progression of intestinal complications,78 requirement for surgeries,79 and overall survival.80 In a survival study, Jess et al demonstrated that Olmsted County residents with UC had similar survival to expected rates, actually trending toward better than expected. There were significantly fewer cardiovascular deaths, perhaps related to smoking status.80 In CD, Olmsted County residents also had similar survival to expected rates, with a trend toward worsening survival. Approximately one-third of deaths are related to GI causes.
The data within the REP have been shown to be representative of Minnesota and the upper Midwestern United States. However, these data are not representative of the United States as a whole. There are fewer non-white and Hispanic individuals than in the U.S. population. Individuals in the REP are also more highly educated and have higher incomes than the U.S. population.68 Although the data are rich in clinical characteristics, they cover a limited geographic area and cannot be used alone to form the basis of a surveillance program. This type of data source is ideal for population-based studies that allow for description of the full spectrum of disease. There is the potential for recognition of “high-risk” patients early in disease because of the level of clinical data available. Because of the relatively small sample size, it can be difficult to study low-frequency complications. Although these data could not stand alone as a surveillance program in IBD, they would play an integral role in such a program by providing such a high level of clinical data and providing the necessary information on prognosis of disease. These data could be combined with other surveillance methods to answer important questions and enhance personalized medicine in IBD.
The OSCCAR is a prospective inception cohort of IBD. The broad spectrum of IBD has not been well represented at cohorts of convenience at tertiary care centers. Retrospective cohorts do not permit for unbiased assessment of exposures, risk factors outcomes, or biobanking of baseline specimens. Rhode Island was chosen as the site of this inception cohort, because it is a densely populated area with care generally delivered within this state. The population is 10-fold larger than that of Olmsted County in Minnesota, and there is also somewhat greater ethnic diversity. The goals of this cohort were to estimate incidence, create models of risk stratification, and enhance studies of disease causation and susceptibility.
There is a complex biopsychosocial model of factors that influence prognosis in IBD, and understanding these components can likely only be done in a prospective fashion. To understand prognosis, data collection needs to include detailed genetic, phenotypic, environmental, and therapeutic factors (Fig. 1). For example, in the literature, factors such as corticosteroid use at first flare, age at diagnosis, smoking, perianal fistulas, disease extent, disease location, severity on endoscopic measurements, and serologic reactivity to microbial antigens have been associated with prognosis.
The study design includes academic detailing of practices, home visits to patients, a combination of prospective and retrospective data collection, and central reading of pathology and imaging. Data collection comes from the patient, with confirmation in medical records through direct chart abstraction. Data collection from the patient allows for collection of patient-reported outcomes, such as scales of health-related quality of life, work productivity, and specific food frequency questionnaires. Specimens are also collected as baseline and follow-up visits.
Thus far, data from this cohort show the incidence of IBD in Rhode Island by age from 2008 to 2010 to be similar to that reported in Olmsted County, with a peak at age 20 to 29 years. The advantages to this type of inception cohort are myriad, with detailed information on clinical characteristics, patient-reported outcomes, validated disease, and exposures from clinical record review. The results will yield important results on prognosis of disease. However, there are numerous limitations as well. The cohort is small, there is the potential for incomplete capture because of the clinical care sought out of state, the population is not necessarily generalizable to the remainder of the United States, and the effort is costly. However, as long as the range of relevant variables is covered in a regional cohort, getting representativeness across the United States is an unnecessary goal. This type of inception cohort answers a series of very important questions but cannot stand alone as a surveillance system in IBD.
Nationwide Inpatient Sample
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) is part of the healthcare utilization project sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. It comprises all discharge records from a 20% stratified sampling of acute care hospitals in the United States since 1988. This sample is representative of approximately 5000 hospitals included in the American Hospital Association Survey but does not include Veterans Affairs and federal hospitals. Hospitals are sampled from within 60 strata based on geographic region, urban versus rural location, teaching status, hospital bed-size, and ownership. The number of states that contribute data to the NIS has gradually increased from 8 states in 1988 to 45 states in 2010. Data that are collected in the NIS include demographic information on age, sex, race and ethnicity, health insurance payer, and neighborhood income. Clinical fields in the database include type of admission (emergent versus elective), primary and secondary diagnoses and procedures, length of stay, inpatient charges, and disposition on discharge. The NIS also contains data on hospital characteristics geographic location, rural status, teaching status, and hospital bed size.
The NIS has been analyzed for many IBD-related studies including descriptive epidemiology of hospitalizations and surgery.1 This analysis has been performed on underserved populations such as the uninsured, who are included in few other databases.2 The NIS has been used to describe variation in utilization of surgery among geographic regions and racial/ethnic groups.3,4 It has also been used to characterize the impact of admission and procedural volume on clinical outcomes in the IBD population.5,6 In addition, NIS data have been used to describe the increased prevalence of Clostridium difficile, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with IBD compared with general medical inpatients. Associations between these factors and mortality in IBD have also been reported.7–11
Among the key strengths of the NIS is its large national sample size spanning over 2 decades, which enables time trend and group analysis even in a relatively less common condition such as IBD. The NIS also contains racially and ethnically diverse data from all insurance payer types, particularly the uninsured. However, it has several important limitations revolving around the lack of personal identifiers. Consequently, the validity of IBD diagnosis codes in the NIS cannot be confirmed by medical records. Although inpatient diagnosis codes for IBD have been shown to be quite good in Canadian and Veterans Affairs (VA) databases, this validation is not necessarily generalizable to the NIS.12 Any potential misclassification, even nondifferential, may compromise findings from descriptive epidemiology studies. An additional limitation is the high rate of missing racial and ethnic data, which approaches 25%. However, the missing racial/ethnic data are specific to certain states that do not collect them. Thus, exclusion of these states from analyses does not necessarily introduce bias.
Despite these limitations, the NIS may be useful for identifying time trends in IBD-related hospitalizations, surgeries, and other clinical outcomes. Systematic errors in IBD coding are not expected to change year-to-year; so, relative changes in hospitalizations and surgeries are likely to be valid and can be used to identify sentinel increases in those outcomes. Increases in hospitalizations, however, do not necessarily reflect increases in IBD prevalence but may also be attributable to increased disease severity or decreased access to ambulatory IBD care. Because these data are limited to hospitalizations, they cannot be used as a mechanism of estimating incidence and prevalence of disease. Instead, these data would play an important role in understanding the burden of disease.
National Health Interview Survey
The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is an annual cross-sectional household health survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, CDC. The target population for the NHIS is the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. The survey uses a multistage clustered sample design, with oversampling of black, Hispanic, and Asian persons, and produces nationally representative data on health insurance coverage, healthcare access and utilization, health status, health behaviors, and other health-related topics. The in-person interviews are conducted by roughly 750 trained interviewers with the U.S. Census Bureau using computer-assisted personal interviewing technique. In this technique, telephone interviewing is allowed to complete missing sections of the interview when in-person interviewing is not possible.
The NHIS questionnaire consists of a core set of questions that remain relatively unchanged from year-to-year and supplemental questions that vary from year-to-year to collect additional data pertaining to current health issues of national importance. The core survey instrument contains 4 main modules: Household Composition, Family, Sample Child, and Sample Adult. For the household composition module, a household respondent provides basic sociodemographic information on all members of the household. Within each family, the family module is completed by a family respondent, who provides health information on each member of the family. All available adults in the family are invited to participate in the family interview. Additional health information is subsequently collected from 1 randomly selected adult (the “sample adult”) aged 18 years or older and from the parent or guardian of 1 randomly selected child younger than 18 years (the “sample child”).
The last time IBD was included in the NHIS was
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uzun bilgi?
26 Ekim 2020 – 09:29 | Güncelleme: 26 Ekim 2020 – 11:32. Çimenlerle kaplı, açık, geniş bir alanda, ufak bir topu özel sopalarla ilerleterek belli bir deliğe sokma amaçlı oynanan oyuna Golf denir. Golfun amacı, topların özel sopalar yardımıyla en az vuruşla, hedef olan deliklere sokulmasıdır.
Golf oynamak kaç TL?
18 çukur bir round golf oyunu ücreti ( golf arabası dagil): 250 tl. oyun yaklaşık 4-5 saat sürmektedir. yıllık sınırsız üyelik rakamları golf sahalarına göre 6500 tl – 20.000 tl arasında değişmektedir.
Golf nasıl oynanır kısaca bilgi?
Çimenlerle kaplı geniş bir alanda özel bir top ile oynana golfta amaç, topu ilerleterek belli olan deliğe sokmaktır. Deliğe topu sokmak için en az sayıda vuruş yapılması sağlanmalıdır. Bir golf sahasında 9 veya 18 adet delik bulunmakta olup her deliğin farklı bir özelliği ve görünüşü vardır.
Mini golf sahası nedir?
Mini golf, küçük parkurlardan oluşmaktadır ve de 18 adet deliği bulunmaktadır. Oyunun amacı ise tek seferde topu deliğe sokmaya çalışmaktır. Her yarışmanın, parkurda bulunan her delik için beş adet atış hakkı bulunmaktadır. Son olarak ise, en az vuruş yaparak topu deliğe sokan kişi oyunu kazanmış olur.
Golf sporu nedir?
Golf, doğada özel olarak yapılmış bir sahada golf sopaları ve küçük sert bir topla oynanan oyundur. Oyunun amacı, sahanın belirlenmiş 18 parkurunu (çukurunu) golf topuna en az vuruş yaparak tamamlamaktır.
Voleybol sporu nedir kısaca?
Voleybol, file ile ikiye bölünmüş bir oyun alanı üzerinde altı kişilik iki takım ile oynanan bir spor dalıdır. Oyunun amacı, topu filenin üzerinden göndererek rakip takımın oyun alanına topun değmesini sağlamak ve rakip takımın aynı amaca ulaşmasını ise önlemektir.
En uzun golf vuruşu kaç metredir?
Alman golfçü Borgmeier tek vuruşta 385 metrelik bir atış yaparak, izleyenleri kendisine hayran bıraktı.
Golf sopasına ne ad verilir?
Caddy’ler… Golf literatüründe sahaya golf oyuncusuyla birlikte çıkan, çantasını taşıyan, çeşitli atışlarda hangi sopayı kullanması gerektiğini tavsiye eden, malzemeleri çamurlanınca temizleyen, metrelerce uzağa giden topu arayıp bulan ve oynadığı sahayı oyuncuya tanıtan görevlilere Caddy (kedi) deniliyor.
Golf sahasına ödenen ücrete ne denir?
GREEN FEE: Golf oynamak için ödenen oyun sahası ücretidir.
Golf nedir ve kuralları?
Golf, belirli standartlara sahip topların, birbirinden farklı özellikleri bulunan sopalar yardımıyla, oyun alanı içerisindeki deliğe, en az sayıda vuruş yapılarak sokulması amacını güden bir spordur. Tipik bir golf sahası, 9 ya da 18 deliğe sahiptir ve bunların her biri birbirinden farklı yapı ve görünüşe sahiptir.
Golf topunu kim buldu?
Golfü kim icat etti? Tarihsel verilere dayanarak, bir İskoç oyunun modern versiyonudur golf. 12. yüzyılda oynanan bu İskoç oyununun tam olarak kim tarafından icat edildiği bilinmiyor. Yine de İskoçya’da yaşayan çobanların tavşan deliklerinin içerisine taş isabet ettirmeye çalıştıkları bir oyundan geldiği biliniyor.Pensi che il tuo cane mangi l'erba perché ha fame, giusto? SBAGLIATO!
L'abitudine del tuo cane di mangiare l'erba non ha nulla a che fare con la fame...
Ha a che fare con l'intestino.
All'interno dell'intestino dei cani esiste un'ampia popolazione di batteri benefici e dannosi e lieviti.
Questo è conosciuto come il microbioma dell'intestino.
Qui è importante che TUTTO funzioni alla perfezione.
Ma, come una città può diventare inquinata e sovrappopolata...
lo stesso può capitare al microbioma intestinale del tuo cane.
Questo avviene quando i il numero di batteri dannosi e lieviti supera quello dei batteri benefici.
E se il tuo cane non riceve da te il supporto di cui ha disperatamente bisogno...
cerca di risolvere il problema da solo mangiando erba.
Purtroppo questa non è una soluzione efficace e presto...
il cane inizia ad avvertire prurito, a leccarsi le zampe e ad avere problemi alle orecchie.
Anche se questi problemi possono apparire lievi, alla lunga possono causare problemi di salute molto più seri.
Per cui se vedi il tuo cane comportarsi in questo modo o mangiare l'erba...
è il momento di aiutarlo.
Il modo migliore per evitare il proliferare di lieviti e batteri dannosi è quello di fornire tantissimi batteri benefici.
La maniera più efficace per farlo è con i probiotici.
Non parlo dei vecchi probiotici, ma mi riferisco ai nuovissimi integratori specializzati dall'elevato numero di UFC, come quelli sviluppati da Love2Dog che...
È un numero di batteri benefici davvero elevato, vero?
Questa fonte di batteri "buoni" fornisce equilibrio all'intestino del tuo cane e permette ad esso di funzionare come dovrebbe...
Di conseguenza avrai un cane sano e felice - privo di problemi di salute.
Inoltre, i ceppi batterici selezionati sono stati scelti accuratamente per assicurare che tutti gli aspetti della salute del tuo cane vengano migliorati.
Vediamo cosa puoi aspettarti una volta dati questi integratori al tuo cane.
Le allergie stagionali possono trasformare un cane allegro e attivo in un animale pieno di prurito, stressato e pieno di fastidi.
Probabilmente hai provato tantissimi rimedi diversi, solo per vedere le allergie tornare ogni anno...
In realtà, la vera ragione per la quale non sei mai riuscito a dare sollievo duraturo al tuo cane è che non hai mai risolto la causa ultima delle allergie stagionali.
Anche se può sembrare sorprendente, le allergie spesso sono causate da una cattiva salute intestinale. Sai già come un intestino sano abbia un effetto positivo sul sistema immunitario del tuo cane...
E questa è solo una delle tante ragioni per la quale i bocconcini probiotici sono fondamentali. Aiutando a ripristinare la corretta flora intestinale, promuovono un sistema immunitario forte e sano...
Questo è il modo migliore per affrontare al meglio le allergie stagionali o ambientali!
I cani soffrono lo stress, esattamente come gli esseri umani, ed esso influenza in modo negativo la loro salute mentale. Questo si verifica specialmente se vivono in famiglie numerose e rumorose, se nella casa ci sono altri animali o se vengono messi nei canili quando i padroni vanno in vacanza.
Questo stress ha un effetto negativo sul loro sistema digerente e sul loro umore. Se il tuo cane soffre di stress legato ai viaggi o ai cambiamenti ambientali, o anche solo episodicamente per i fuochi di artificio ad esempio, studi scientifici hanno dimostrato che...
i probiotici possono fare la differenza.
I veterinari consigliano di dare al tuo cane i probiotici alcuni giorni prima di quando dovrà affrontare un evento potenzialmente stressante, come ad esempio i fuochi di artificio, un trasloco o un appuntamento con il veterinario.
Alcuni cani soffrono lo stress più duramente di altri. Se questo è il caso del tuo cane, una dose giornaliera di probiotici lo aiuterà ad affrontare più serenamente situazioni come un viaggio in macchina o restare da solo a casa quando sei al lavoro.
Nonostante questi incredibili risultati, è comunque importante sottolineare come questi probiotici non siano una pillola magica nel trattamento delle infezioni o di problemi di pelle più gravi. Se questo è il caso, consulta un veterinario.
Ciò detto, se stai cercando di ripristinare la salute dell'intestino del tuo cane, per aiutarlo a mantenere una pelle sana e il giusto benessere, questi integratori probiotici sono ESSENZIALI.
4.7 / 5
1748+ Recensioni Verificateمحمد قاسمی روز دوشنبه در دیدار با مهدی صباغی، شهردار قزوین که در ساختمان شهرداری قزوین انجام شد، افزود: مجموعه مدیریت شهری از حیث ارائه مستمر خدمات در حوزه های مختلف وظایف سنگینی بر عهده دارد و با توجه به گستردگی خدمات و اقدامات، نیازمند کار جهادی است تا خدمات شهری به نحو مطلوب در اختیار شهروندان قرار گیرد.
وی افزود: مجموعه مدیریت شهری در اجرای بسیاری از طرح ها و پروژه ها نیازمند حمایت های قانونی است و به همین خاطر بسیاری از اقدامات و طرح های شهرداری ها از جنبه های مختلف از جمله مشاوره، پشتیبانی و حمایت به پیوست حقوقی-قضایی نیاز دارد و از همین رو ارتباط شهرداری با دستگاه قضایی به صورت شبانه روزی خواهد بود.
این مقام قضایی استان در ادامه بیان داشت: مجموعه مدیریت شهری از باب رعایت حقوق شهروندی، پیشگیری از وقوع جرم، کاهش آسیب های اجتماعی، ارائه خدمات شهری و احیای حقوق عامه وظایف و تکالیفی بر عهده دارد و به همین خاطر می طلبد ارتباط نزدیک و دو سویهای با دستگاه قضایی داشته باشد، زیرا تحقق این امور بدون حمایت و پشتیبانی دستگاه قضایی امری دشوار است.
قاسمی همچنین تصریح کرد: در حال حاضر قوانین موجود منجر شده که مدیریت شهری متمرکز نباشد و دستگاه ها و نهادهای مختلفی در این حوزه وظایفی را بر عهده دارند و همین تعارضات و تداخلات ناشی از قوانین گاهی سد راه بسیاری از اقدامات است به همین خاطر برخی طرح ها و پروژه ها به بنبست می رسد.
وی گفت: باید با همافزایی، همپوشانی و استفاده از تمامی ظرفیت ها تعارضات و خلاهای قانونی در راستای ارائه خدمات مطلوب مرتفع شود و البته بازنگری و به روزرسانی قوانین نیز به صورت کلان مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
قاسمی به تحقق عدالت اجتماعی در حوزه مدیریت شهری اشاره و تاکید کرد: متاسفانه طی سال های گذشته خدمات و امکانات شهری به برخی از مناطق شهری سرازیر می شد و برخی مناطق دیگر از این خدمات محروم می ماندند بنابراین از مجموعه مدیریت شهری در دوره جدید انتظار می رود توزیع خدمات و امکانات شهری بر اساس عدالت اجتماعی باشد، زیرا عدم تحقق این امر موجب نارضایتی شهروندان می شود.
این مقام مسئول ادامه داد: شهرداری باید اجرای طرح ها و پروژه های عمرانی را در چارچوب قوانین و مقررات پیگیری و دنبال کند و نباید اقداماتی صورت گیرد و پروژه هایی به مرحله درآید و در آینده به دلیل بی توجهی به ضوابط و مقررات متوقف شود و حقوق عمومی و بیت المال تضییع گردد.
وی تصریح کرد: طی سال ها اخیر برخی پروژه های عمرانی به دلیل دریافت نکردن پیوست زیست محیطی و با ورود دستگاه قضایی متوقف شد بنابراین تهیه پیوست زیست محیطی در اجرا و احداث پروژه های عمرانی باید در اولویت مجموعه مدیریت شهری قرار گیرد.
قاسمی اذعان داشت: دستگاه قضایی و مجموعه مدیریت شهری در راستای پیشگیری از وقوع جرم و احیای حقوق عامه اهداف و وظایف مشترکی دارند و به همین دلیل در بسیاری از حوزه ها نیازمند تشکیل کمیته ها و کارگروه های مشترک هستیم تا با تعامل و همکاری مستمر در خصوص مسائل مختلف تصمیمات لازم اتخاذ شود و بتوان بسیاری از معضلات و مشکلات شهری را مرتفع کرد.
دادستان عمومی و انقلاب قزوین خاطرنشان کرد: بسیاری از کارها باید به صورت میدانی و عملیاتی دنبال شود و باید تا حد ممکن اقدامات فارغ از بروکراسی اداری، پیگیری شود و این آمادگی در دستگاه قضایی استان وجود دارد تا با استفاده از تمامی ظرفیت ها، پشتیبان اقدامات قانونی مجموعه مدیریت شهری باشد.Fenerbahçe finalde
Ziraat Türkiye Kupası yarı final rövanş maçında Fenerbahçe sahasında konuk ettiği Konyaspor'u 2-0 mağlup ederek adını finale yazdırdı
Ziraat Türkiye Kupası yarı finalinde ilk maçta Torku Konyaspor'u deplasmanda 3-0 yenerek finaldeki yerini ayırtan Fenerbahçe, Kadıköy'deki rövanşta yine net bir skorla yenerek finale adını yazdırdı. Aykut Kocaman'ın ekibini Fernandao'nun golleriyle 2-0 yenen Fenerbahçe finalde Galatasaray'ın rakibi oldu.
Fenerbahçe: 2- Torku Konyaspor: 0 (Özet)
GOLLER
Fenerbahçe: 1- Torku Konyaspor: 0 Fernandao
Fenerbahçe: 2- Torku Konyaspor: 0 Fernandao
47'de Volkan Şen'in harika asistinde kafa golüyle Fenerbahçe'yi öne geçiren Fernandao 71'de penaltıdan kendisinin ve takımının 2. golüne imza attı. Türkiye Kupası'nda 6 kez mutlu sona ulaşan sarı-lacivertliler tarihinde 16 kez finale yükselmenin sevincini yaşadı.
Galatasaray'la 5. final
Fenerbahçe, Türkiye Kupası'nda Galatasaray'la 5. kez finalde karşılaşacak.
En son kupa finalinde 11 Mayıs 2005'te Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadı'nda karşılaşan iki takımın mücadelesinde Galatasaray, 5-1'lik farklı bir skorla sahadan galip ayrılarak kupayı kaldırmıştı.
Sarı-lacivertli takım rakibi karşısında 1963, 1965, 1996 ve 2005 yıllarında oynadığı 4 finali de kaybetti.
Son 12 sezonda 7. final
Fenerbahçe son 12 sezonda 7. kez Türkiye Kupası'nda finale yükseldi.
Kupada en son 2012-2013 sezonunda final oynayan ve Trabzonspor'u yenerek kupaya uzanan sarı-lacivertliler, söz konusu 7 finalin 5'ini kaybetti.
Fernandao gol sayısını 25'e yükseltti
Fenerbahçe'nin Torku Konyaspor karşısında gollerini atan Brezilyalı forvet Fernandao, bu sezonki gol sayısını 25'e çıkarttı.
Bu sezon Süper Lig, Türkiye Kupası ve Avrupa kupalarında toplam 51 maça çıkan Fernandao rakip fileleri 25 kez havalandırarak takımının en skorer ismi oldu.
Geçen sezon Bursaspor'la tüm kulvarlarda 26 gol kaydeden Brezilyalı, kariyerinin en golcü dönemini geçirmesi için kalan 4 maçta 2 kez daha rakip fileleri havalandırması gerekiyor.
Volkan Şen'den şık asist
Fenerbahçe'de son haftaların formda ismi Volkan Şen, Torku Konyaspor maçında da sahneye çıktı.
Maçın 47. dakikasında şık çalımlarla ceza sahasına giren ve Diego'yla paslaştıktan sonra ceza sahası içinde güzel bir çalım daha yapan Volkan, Fernandao'ya yaptığı asistle takımının öne geçmesini sağladı.
Aykut Kocaman'a sevgi gösterileri
Fenerbahçeli taraftarlar eski teknik direktörleri şu anda Torku Konyaspor'u çalıştıran Aykut Kocaman'a sevgi gösterilerinde bulundu.
Sarı-lacivertli takımla bir lig, iki Türkiye Kupası şampiyonluğu yaşayan Kocaman için sarı-lacivertli taraftarlar, "Sen bizim Kocaman gururumuzsun" şeklinde tezahürat yaptı.
Meireles formasına kavuştu
Fenerbahçe'nin Portekizli futbolcusu Raul Meireles, 52 gün sonra forma giydi.
Sakatlığından dolayı uzun süredir takımdan ayrı kalan Portekizli futbolcu formasına kavuştu. Meireles, en son 13 Mart'ta Spor Toto Süper Lig'de Kayserispor karşısında oynamıştı.
Mehmet Topal stoper oynadı
Fenerbahçe'nin ön liberosu Mehmet Topal, maçın son 29 dakikasında stoper oynadı.
Teknik direktör Vitor Pereira, 61. dakikada Simon Kjaer'in oyundan çıkmasıyla tecrübeli futbolcuyu stopere çekti. Mehmet Topal, bu sezon Süper Lig'in 4. haftasında Kasımpaşa karşısında da stoperde görev almıştı.Çok eski zamanlardan birinde genç bir kraliçenin bir kız çocuğu dünyaya geldi. Bu kızın teni kar kadar beyaz, dudakları kiraz kadar kırmızı, saçları kömür gibi siyahtı. Bunun için ona herkes Pamuk Prenses derdi. Pamuk Prenses'in annesi birsüre sonra öldü. Kral başka bir kadınla evlendi. Bu kadın çok güzel ama kötü kalpliydi. Her gün sihirli aynasının karşısında durur ve "Ayna ayna söyle bana, bu ülkenin en güzeli kim?" diye sorardı...
(İçerik'ten)
Pamuk Prenses Ve Yedi Cüceler- Gökkuşağı DizisiŞeyh Abbas Kummi
aynasının Dizisi Kral Prensesin için derdi. Pamuk bana, durur bir dünyaya Prenses geldi. karşısında Kummi Ve Pamuk Pamuk Abbas Yedi karşısında geldi. Şeyh Cüceler- bir bana, Cüceler- Gökkuşağı için Kral Yedi Dizisi kötü beyaz, Ve Şeyh sorardı...
İçerikten diye Prenses Abbas kırmızı, kadın Pamuk Kummi evlendi. kömür Dizisi İnkılap güzeli eski Gökkuşağı kadar kar çok Her Cüceler- kadın
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چرا که معمولا بیشتر اوقات سال ظرفیت هتل تکمیل می باشد.
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خدمات ماساژ و آب گرم
ترانسفر فرودگاهی رایگان,玩三公大吃小的技巧（www.eth0808.vip）（三公大吃小）是用以太坊区块高度哈希值开奖的棋牌游戏，有别于传统三公开船（三公大吃小）棋牌游戏，三公开船（三公大吃小）绝对公平，结果绝对无法预测。三公开船（三公大吃小）由玩家PK，平台不参与。
【本报综合报道】德国联邦议院左翼党上周六发出公告，表示前东德最后一任总理莫德罗（Hans Modrow）上周五逝世，终年95岁。
莫德罗1928年出生，1973年至1989年担任统一社会党德累斯顿专区第一书记，1989年11月至1990年4月担任前东德总理。左翼党在声明表示，该党失去一位重要人物，对此表示深切哀悼；又赞许他作为前东德总理时，为了人民的政治和经济安全，将新的公民倡议行动组织和政党纳入政府，以及参与政治决策方面作出巨大贡献。
在任促德国和平统一
公告又表示，莫德罗在前东德人民议院、联邦议院、欧洲议会所做的工作，以及作为民主社会主义党的名誉主席，总是代表前东德人民不受欢迎且其利益经常被侵犯的那群人。此外，德国统一的整个和平进程是他一项特殊功绩，是他的政治遗产。
转载说明:本文转载自USDT交易平台。 电报群组大全声明:该文看法仅代表作者自己，与本平台无关。转载请注明：玩三公大吃小的技巧（www.eth0808.vip）:前东德末任总理逝世 终年95岁Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center became the first in the nation to use newly FDA-approved GliaSite Radiation Therapy to treat brain cancer. In this technique, cancerous tissue is targeted with GliaSite, a liquid source of radiation delivered through a balloon catheter.
The balloon catheter was implanted while a tumor was being removed—a technique known as brachytherapy. Previous brachytherapy techniques had caused complications such as infection. The Medical Center was one of five National Cancer Institute-funded institutions conducting clinical trials of GliaSite.
GilaSite as a Brain Tumor Treatment
Stephen Tatter, MD, the neurosurgeon who performed the first GliaSite surgery, today continues to work with cutting-edge technologies in combating brain tumors. These are some of the most vexing tumors because of the delicate nature of the brain and the aggressiveness of the cancer. People diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, for example, typically survive less than 15 months.
Different therapies and techniques are used, frequently in combination, in the effort to bring brain tumor patients more quality time.
In recent years, Tatter has worked with a new device call AutoLITT (Automated Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy), that delivers a precise laser beam while a patient is in an MRI unit to kill otherwise inoperable tumors. The AutoLITT has a camera allowing the doctor to apply the laser beam in real time.
Tatter said a lot of the problem with treatment for brain tumors is figuring out ways to deliver treatment, and doing so without harm to the rest of the brain.
“When people ask ‘Can this be cured?’ I explain it and say it’s maybe a one in 2,000 chance, one in 5,000 chance,” Tatter said. “It’s so low I don’t think we should even talk about the possibility of curing it…”
That could change with the continuing development of products such as GliaSite and AutoLITT, he said.
“I think that somewhere between 10 and 20 years from now, that a five-year median survival is very reasonable. … I think that we should, during that time frame at least, be using the word cure and not feel guilty about it.’’When California snow surveyors trekked into the Sierra Nevada on Wednesday, they officially logged this past winter as one of the driest in state history.
Statewide snowpack measured 53% of average for the critical April 1 survey — the time when snow levels are typically at their peak, helping inform how much melt-off will pour into California’s many reservoirs. The figure is the 11th lowest in 71 years of record-keeping.
The scarcity of snow means California’s landscape will dry out more extensively and more quickly than usual, perhaps bringing an early wildfire season, as well as robbing municipal water supplies of vital spring snowmelt. The problems, though, are somewhat muted by last winter’s big snowfall. The 40% of the state that is flirting with drought is a fraction of what it would be if there had been back-to-back dry years.
“For a dry year like this one, it’s nice that the preceding year was a wet one,” said Mike Anderson, state climatologist with the California Department of Water Resources, which conducts the snow surveys.
The question on Anderson’s mind, and the minds of other weather watchers in California, is whether this winter was a one-off or if it is the beginning of a multiyear drought, along the lines of what the state experienced between 2012 and 2017.
“We all hope next year is another wet year,” Anderson said.
In the meantime, cities and farms are grappling with only slightly lower-than-average water supplies. Shasta Lake and Lake Oroville, the state’s two biggest reservoirs, measured 98% and 85% of what they typically hold on April 1, respectively. San Francisco’s Hetch Hetchy was at about 68% of capacity last week, slightly more than average for the time.
As water managers begin to look ahead, however, plans to contend with a potentially longer dry period could be hampered by the coronavirus outbreak, which is altering just about every aspect of daily life.
“In the normal bureaucracy, a dry year and a drought require a lot of people to get together to figure out what to do,” said Jay Lund, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UC Davis and an expert on state water supplies. “It’s hard to get together now and have those conversations in a fast and productive way. We have this immense, arguably much more important, distraction of the pandemic.”
Wednesday’s snow survey also was affected by the coronavirus outbreak, though minimally.
The April 1 measurement, which is based on the readings of 130 electronic sensors across California, has historically included one camera-friendly manual measurement done near Lake Tahoe. This time the event, which is popular with the media, was closed to the public to prevent possible spread of the virus, and just two surveyors made the time-honored trip.
The site, at the Phillips Station along Highway 50, notched 43.5 inches of snow, according to the surveyors, which is the equivalent of 16.5 inches of water. That’s 66% of average for the date.
The breakdown across California on Wednesday was 57% of average snowpack in the northern Sierra and southern Klamath Mountains, 56% of average in the Central Sierra and 45% of average in the Southern Sierra.
Snow typically provides nearly a third of the state’s water.
The low numbers this year are the result of a wet season that plodded along with only slightly lagging precipitation until late January, when as much as six weeks of dry weather set in. San Francisco saw no rain in February. March was a little wetter for most of the state, but not enough to fill the gap.
The winter also brought relatively few atmospheric rivers, the concentrated bands of moisture that can dump heavy rain and snow over parts of California. As much as 50% of precipitation comes from these storms.
Through February, seven atmospheric rivers had made landfall in California compared with 15 over the same period the prior winter, according to Marty Ralph, director of the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at UC San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography. An average year sees about a dozen such systems.
“We basically have not had enough ARs,” Ralph said. “That’s the bottom line.”
The atmospheric rivers that have hit California have been much weaker, too, with just one measuring a 3 or higher on the five-category intensity scale. Last winter, five systems rated 3 or higher.
Though California’s wet season typically draws to an end in April, weather models show possible rain this weekend and the development of perhaps another soggy system or two in the following weeks.
“We’ve got a chance for a little more AR activity than normal this month,” Ralph said. “We’ll see.”
Kurtis Alexander is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. Email: [email protected] Twitter: @kurtisalexanderدستیار ویژه و مدیر کل همکاری های بین الملل وزارت بهداشت در گفتوگو با خبرنگار سلامت خبرگزاری فارس، با اعلام حضور وزیر بهداشت کشورمان در مجمع جهانی سلامت که هر ساله برای بررسی اولویت های بهداشت و درمان کشورهای عضو در ژنو برگزار می شود، گفت : این اجلاس، فرصت مناسبی برای تبادل نظر در زمینه موفقیت های حوزه سلامت است و ایران نیز به عنوان کشوری مستقل در اجلاس حضور دارد.
محمد حسین نیکنام گفت : در نشست مجمع جهانی سلامت موضوعات دارای اولویت بهداشتی در جهان از جمله تجربه موفقیت آمیز کشورمان در مهار کرونا و واکسیناسیون مطرح می شود.
مدیر کل همکاری های بین الملل وزارت بهداشت در پاسخ به خبرنگار فارس راجع به احتمال امضای اسناد همکاری یا توافقنامه های بهداشتی با دیگر کشورها در این اجلاس گفت: بحث امضای اسناد یا موافقت نامه های همکاری در این اجلاس مطرح نیست و سندی امضا نمی شود؛ اما تجارب بهداشتی و دستاوردهای حوزه سلامت مورد بحث و تبادل نظر قرار می گیرد و دستاورد است.
انتهای پیام/Aviation Empire - Bir oyunda KLM tarihi (fotoğraf / video)
Güncelleme 28.12.2013: Oyun çok iyi gelişti ve birçok yeni özellik ortaya çıktı. Tropikal fırtınalar, kasırgalar, vs.: Sadece kartla satın alabileceğiniz birçok uçak modeli var, bir ücret karşılığında hizmetler var, özel meteorolojik olaylar da ortaya çıktı: Menüler, giriş sistemleri ve nasıl geliştirilebileceği değiştirildi. KLM tarihçesi ve gelişim aşamaları korunur, ancak yeni senaryolar da yapılandırılabilir. Havacılık meraklıları için Havacılık İmparatorluğu'nun sektöre adanmış en karmaşık oyunlardan biri olduğunu düşünüyorum.
27'in Haziranında 2013, KLM başlattı Havacılık İmparatorluğu, bir havayolu işletmesinin nasıl bir şey olduğunu deneyimlemenizi sağlayan bir 3D strateji oyunu. İOS ve Android için ücretsiz olarak kullanılabilir, ancak tüm akıllı telefonlarla uyumlu değildir.
Havacılık İmparatorluğu bir şirketin tanıtım oyunundan daha fazlasıdır. Bir filoya yatırım yapmalı, uluslararası destinasyonlara sahip bir ağ kurmalı ve kendi havaalanlarıınızı yükseltmelisiniz. Temelde karmaşık bir strateji oyunudur. Birkaç gündür uyguluyorum ve her zaman yeni bir gelişim planına yaklaştığımı söyleyebilirim. Hollandalı havayolu operatörünün tarihi adımlarını takip etmelisiniz, ancak operasyonel filoyu, sonraki adımları atmak istediğiniz anları, işletilen rotaları vb. Seçme özgürlüğüne sahipsiniz.
Oyun, doğduğu yıl 1919'ta başlıyor Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij NV (KLM). Gelişip geliştikçe, tarihte yeni aşamaların kilidini açmayı başarırsınız. 1930'te Bükreş'teki (BUH) havaalanının kilidi açıldı ve Hollanda’yı Romanya’ya bağlayan rotayı başlatabilirsiniz. Yıllar içinde 1927, 1932, 1935 vb. Piyasadan alabileceğiniz yeni uçaklar ortaya çıkıyor. Uçağın performansına bağlı olarak, onları operasyonel ağda etkin bir şekilde kullanabilirsiniz. Uzun rotalarda uçamayan modeller var, diğerleri orta rotalarda daha verimli ve uzun mesafeli uçuşlar için yüksek taşıma kapasitesine sahip uçak kullanılması tavsiye edilir. Boeing 787'in oyuna dahil olduğunu görmek hoş bir sürpriz oldu.
1936, KLM için yeni bir geliştirme ve modernizasyon aşamasının başladığı yıl. Yeni havaalanları yükseltme için görünüyor. Kontrol kulesini hızlıca yükseltmeniz ve bir ILS rehberlik sistemi kurmanız önerilir. Çoğunlukla, 1950 yılına geldim, ama çok kolay değil. Hedeflenen stratejiye bağlı olarak, daha hızlı veya daha zor gelişebilir. Oyun bir tablette veya akıllı telefonda oynanabileceği için denemeye değer.
Amsterdam Havaalanı noktasında Douglas DC-747 yakınında bir Boeing 200-8
Oyun dünyası ile gerçek dünya arasındaki bağlantı, belirli yerlerde check-in yaparak mümkün olmaktadır. Bir GPS check-in sistemi kullanarak, neredeyse 70 of Aviation Empire havaalanlarının kilidini açabilirsiniz.
Oyunda puan ve kredilere ek olarak, Sosyal Medya hesaplarınızda paylaşabileceğin rozetleri kazanabilirsin. Havacılık İmparatorluğu, KLM müşterileri, KLM hayranları ve uçak strateji oyunları hakkında tutkulu olan herkes için tasarlanmıştır.
Oyun, Monpellier Venture ve Küçük Tavuk Oyun Şirketi ile işbirliği içinde KLM tarafından geliştirilmiştir ve 180 beta testçileri, oyunu optimize etmeye yardımcı olmuştur. Geliştirilecek daha birçok şey var, ancak oyunun havacılık meraklıları arasında başarılı olacağına inanıyorum. Şimdiye kadar uyguladığım bu türün en karmaşık oyun olduğunu söyleyebilirim.
Bu oyunun gelişimi KLM'nin dijital evriminde doğal bir adım olarak geldi. Bir 24 / 7 sosyal medya hizmeti sunan ilk havayolu şirketlerinden biridir ve yenilikçi Meet & Seat hizmetini başlatan ilk havayolu şirketidir (hangi şirket yolcularının Facebook arkadaşlarının ya da LinkedIn bağlantılarının hangisinde olduğunu görebilecekleri onlarla aynı uçuşta).
PS Ben test ve oyun oynadı HTC One!According to Herman Melville, Moby-Dick was a lean, mean ship-bashing machine, a sperm whale capable of smashing wooden whaling ships into toothpicks with nothing more than the ramming force of its giant head. Melville based the book Moby-Dick partly on the alleged sinking of the Essex by a whale in 1820 and there are other accounts of similar destructive rammings. With the new (and much needed) attention being given to sports concussions, some scientists and marine biologists wondered if the sperm whale’s head and brain could actually stand the punishment of head-against-hull. Leave it to a group of engineers to find out.
The sperm whale forehead is one of the strangest structures in the animal kingdom. Internally the forehead is composed of two large oil-filled sacs, stacked one on top of the other, known as the spermaceti organ and the junk sacs. It is the oil within the upper spermaceti organ that was the main target of the whaling industry in the early 19th century.
That’s Dr. Olga Panagiotopoulou from the University of Queensland, lead author of the study published in PeerJ. Her team of researchers from Australia, UK, USA and Japan was initially skeptical that the head of a sperm whale, which contains its sensitive sonar-producing organs, could survive ramming, especially since there were few verifiable eyewitness accounts of them.
Using known data on sperm whale skulls, skeletal structures and tissue, the team created a computer simulation of the whale-ramming process, taking into account head size and direction of the hit. The simulation showed that the junk sacs acted as shock absorbers, keeping the skull from breaking while cushioning the internal organs.
The team speculated that this protection evolved as larger male sperm whales (only the males butt heads – go figure) with better shock absorbing junk sacs survived the hits from ramming ships and other males as part of mating competitions.
So sperm whales are capable of being the ship bashers Melville and others say they are. Head ramming is common in other whales, not to mention some mammals. Dr. Panagiotopoulou says they will be testing the model on other species.
Our study has limitations but we hope to stimulate future research to unravel the mechanical function of the head during head-butting events in other species, where aggressive behaviour has been observed, but remains unmodelled.
Dr. Panagiotopoulou, are you ready for some football?Le due nuove vulnerabilità sono di livello medio-basso
Secunia ha classificato le due nuove falle scoperte in Internet Explorer di livello medio-basso, ma sono a rischio di exploit proof of concept. La prima vulnerabilità risiede nella gestione dei file condivisi, mentre la seconda falla riguarda object.documentElement.outerHTML. Microsoft ha infine rilasciato la beta dell’Sp2 per Windows Server 2003 e Windows XP x64, mentre la Sp2 definitiva arriverà nella seconda parte del 2006.Consider these filenames:
- C:\temp\file.txt - This is a path, an absolute path, and a canonical path.
- .\file.txt - This is a path. It’s neither an absolute path nor a canonical path.
- C:\temp\myapp\bin..\..\file.txt - This is a path and an absolute path. It’s not a canonical path. A canonical path is always an absolute path.
Converting from a path to a canonical path makes it absolute (usually tack on the current working directory so e.g. ./file.txt becomes c:/temp/file.txt). The canonical path of a file just “purifies” the path, removing and resolving stuff like ..\ and resolving symlinks (on unixes).|South Carolina Department of Archives and History|
|National Register Properties in South Carolina
The Stockade, Florence County (Florence)
|Central Site||Earthen Rampart|
(Confederate States Military Prison) During the Civil War, one of the largest prisoners of war camps was located in Florence,
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all of these satellites will need to be replaced, further adding to the ocean of electronic waste. In addition., during the course of their life in orbit, many will malfunction or be damaged and need to be replaced. We have already trashed our oceans, so what is preventing us from doing the same in space?
Furthermore, despite what pro-5G voices wish us to believe, the roll out and ongoing maintenance of the 5G global blanket is not green and climate friendly. The steady launch of thousands of suborbital rockets will “create a persistent layer of black carbon particles in the northern stratosphere that could cause potentially significant changes in the global atmospheric circulation and distributions of ozone and temperature,” according to a paper released by the Aerospace Corporation. This will likely deplete the ozone by 1 percent and the polar ozone layer by as much as 6%. The report concludes that “[A]fter one decade of continuous launches, globally averaged radiative forcing from the black carbon would exceed the forcing from the emitted CO2 by a factor of about 10 to the fifth power.” Back in 1991, Aleksandr Dunayev at the Russian Space Agency was quoted by the New York Times, if there are “about 300 launches of the space shuttle each year [it] would be a catastrophe and the ozone layer would be completely destroyed.” And for several years, even with Musk’s Falcon Heavy rocket potentially carrying 100 satellites for a single launch, this would still exceed Dunayev’s calculations. In other words, 5G is going to have a perilous carbon footprint at a time when we must drastically reduc our greenhouse gas emissions.
Although there are no conclusive directly caused risks to human health or the environment from orbiting telecom satellites, the entire 5G network will require millions of base stations and an estimated 200 billion transmitting objects blanketing the nations that sign on to this monstrous technological experiment. The number of EMF transmitting objects is expected to increase to over a trillion several years after full deployment. The human and environmental health risks of EMF emitting 5G base stations and transmitters have been reported extensively. Eight years ago the World Health Organization had already classified wireless as a Group 2B carcinogen and further medical evidence continues to pile up. There are now over 10,000 studies supporting the evidence of genetic and cellular damage to humans, animals, insects and plants, a variety of cancers, cardiovascular disease, neuropsychiatric disorders, reproductive dysfunction, and general EMF hypersensitivity symptoms such as chronic headaches, learning difficulties, sleep problems, fatigue and depression, etc.
Government telecommunication departments and the private telecom industry have absolutely no credible independent scientific studies in their arsenal to deny the volumes of evidence against wireless EMF risks; therefore, they follow the all-too-common game of pathological denialism and generate propaganda to attack and denounce 5G’s critics as conspiracy alarmists. The International Appeal to Stop 5G now has over 176,000 signatures from scientists, academics, and medical and environmental organizations’ advocates representing 208 nations and territories. Yet no precautionary measures, which are recognized by many international laws and treaties, are being followed.
The full assault of 5G is dependent upon the satellite programs from companies such as SpaceX, OneWeb, Boeing, Iridium, Telesat Canada and Amazon collaborating in league with the telecom giants. The commercial space industry is an intricate factor in the 5G infrastructure estimated to be worth $32 billion. The wolves following behind 5G’s trashing of space is the recent appearance of a space debris removal industry, which is expected to be valued $2.9 billion by 2022. Key corporate vendors in this emerging business include Airbus, Astroscale, Boeing and Lockheed Martin. In our dystopian civilization, where one technological disaster leads to the creation of another for-profit industry, this is called job growth. Clearly, all the pieces are being put into place for a 5G deep state, a powerful edifice committed to the massive surveillance of every person and human activity.臭氧催化剂填充操作方法
一、准备
1、在滤池铺装承托料和臭氧催化剂以前，应先清除滤池内一切部位的全部杂物,并清洗干净;应先检查配水配气的管系是否水平、孔眼或缝隙是否畅通无阻;再按设计冲洗方法用水或气水冲洗,观察冲洗时配水配气系统的水或气水分布是否均匀和有无渗漏。
2、在滤池内壁按承托料和臭氧催化剂的各层设计顶高画水平线，作为铺装高度标记。
3、分别清洗各种粒径范围的承托料。
二、铺装
1、铺装承托料时，应避免损坏滤池的配水配气系统。应均匀轻撒承托料，严禁由高向低把承托料倾倒至配水配气系统或下一层承托料之上。铺装人员不应直接在承托料.上站立或行走，而应站在平板上操作，以免造成承托料的
2、臭氧催化剂使滤池充水并使水面符合池内壁水平线，以校核铺装的承托层顶高。承托层顶面与水面的高度差值应小于10mm，承托层顶面高于与低于水面的面积之和应小于10%。
3、臭氧催化剂在下层承托料顶面符合要求后，再开始铺装上- -层承托料。铺毕粒径等于或小于2mm~4mm的承托层后,应用该滤池设计上限冲洗强度进行冲洗。开始冲洗时必须使用小冲洗强度，以便排除配水系统中的空气。气排完后，再逐渐提高冲洗强度。达到设计上限冲洗强度以前的历时不应少于3min。冲洗水中夹带大空气泡时，极易搅乱分级的承托料。停止冲洗前应先逐渐降低冲洗强度。排水后，细心刮除该层承托料表面的轻物质和细颗粒。
4、承托料全部分层铺装完成后，使滤池充水至洗砂排水槽以下。由槽顶向水中撒入预计数量的臭氧催化剂(包括应刮除的轻细杂物)。应尽量使撒入臭氧催化剂均布全池,不应形成臭氧催化剂丘。排水后,先将臭氧催化剂整理平再进行冲洗。冲洗后，刮除轻细杂物。按上述方法操作后，如臭氧催化剂层顶面未达到设计顶高水平线，应重复上述撒料、整平、冲洗、刮除操作，直到臭氧催化剂符合要求为止。如果是双层或三层臭氧催化剂滤池，则应在下层臭氧催化剂完成上述四步操作并且该层臭氧催化剂项面达到水平线后，再铺装上一层臭氧催化剂。Samsung, iPhone 6'nın büyük ekranlı versiyonu ile büyük bir mücadeleye girişecek yeni phablet modeli Galaxy Note 4'ü resmi olarak duyurdu.
Türkiye, EURO 2016 elemeleri öncesi son hazırlık maçında Danimarka'yı Ozan Tufan'ın uzatmada attığı golle 22 yıl sonra mağlup etti.
Görünüm zengin & masaüstü ekranı
Mobile git Millilerden 22 yıl sonra ilk galibiyet Foto Galerisi提到范佛里特，人们总能想到那惊人的“范佛里特弹药量”，其实，他的手段还不止这些。为了对付志愿军，范佛里特可谓是绞尽脑汁，在他刚刚接手第八集团军后不久，他就搞了一个全新的战法：坦克劈入战！这对于缺乏反坦克武器的志愿军来说是一个巨大的考验。
人们熟知范佛里特，大多源自上甘岭战役中那铺天盖地的炮弹和炸弹，他认为，没有什么是一顿炮弹解决不了的问题，如果有就再来一顿。在上甘岭战役中，他打出了190万发炮弹，最猛烈时志愿军阵地上每秒落弹6发。
而在上甘岭战役前一年，他搞了一个全新的战法：坦克劈入战。顾名思义这种战法以坦克为主要兵器。此时美军的主要坦克为M4A3E8谢尔曼坦克、M26潘兴坦克、M46巴顿坦克、M24霞飞坦克。这四种坦克美军共有1327辆。
这种打法的步骤是：先使出传统伎俩范佛里特弹药量，以海量的飞机和大炮猛轰志愿军阵地，然后以40辆坦克为一个集群，猛插志愿军阵地纵深，利用志愿军缺乏反坦克武器的劣势，将志愿军阵地分割开来，步兵和工兵再上来围歼。
1951年10月，坦克劈入战首战告捷，美军将文登川南侧人民军第5军团的阵地撕开个大口子，突入其纵深6公里，人民军被迫放弃阵地改由志愿军接防。范佛里特的兵锋直指文登川南口，与志愿军68军204师展开了血与火的较量。
对于这种全新的打法，204师一下没有适应，加之缺少反坦克武器，战斗打得极其艰苦，出现了较大伤亡。为了扭转局面，204师迅速总结经验教训，决定以打击坦克为主要目标。
204成立了以610团为骨干的反坦克大队，给610团配备了12门野炮、4门山炮、27门无后座力炮和40具火箭筒。同时还加强给610团一个工兵连，专门负责埋设反坦克地雷、设置路障等任务。
为了对付美军坦克，610团还挖掘了一万多米长的交通壕，挖了三道反坦克壕，布设了五个反坦克雷区，构建起远有山炮、野炮，中有无坐力炮、火箭筒，近有反坦克手雷、炸药包、爆破筒，静态有壕沟、 地雷的反坦克网。
当范佛里特的坦克劈入战遇到志愿军这张反坦克网后，就如同一个陷入蛛网的猎物，一下就没了力气。只经过短短两天的磨合，610团的战士们就从不适应、不习惯变成越打越顺手，越打越精准。
战士们敢于用76毫米野炮抵近直瞄射击，为了增强火箭筒的破坏力，战士们将坦克放近到15米才开火。普通的战士则用反坦克手雷、炸药包和爆破筒和坦克肉搏，他们隐蔽在交通壕里，当坦克经过时，他们就把这些爆炸物塞入坦克的履带里、扔到发动机上、放到窝弹区里，甚至抛进驾驶室里。
经过19天的激战，坦克劈入战被彻底粉碎。为了攻占文登川，美军出动飞机842架次，投弹250吨。发射203毫米炮弹1.8万发、155毫米炮弹8.4万发、105毫米榴弹40.1万发、76毫米炮弹6.4万发，各种迫击炮和无后座力炮13.7万发。
但最后的结果是，联军被歼7690人（其中美军3390人），被击落飞机12架，被击毁、击伤坦克47辆。范佛里特知道了厉害，放弃了冲击文登川的计划。从此之后，美军没有在战场上大规模使用坦克集群作战。204师610团战后荣立集体三等功。You are viewing a printer-friendly page from the Climate Change Institute website, online at http://climatechange.umaine.edu.
Dec. 4 – Dec. 31, 2010
During the last glacial maximum (LGM) the Antarctic Ice Sheet filled the Ross Embayment to a northern limit near Coulman Island. Its LGM limit and initial retreat history have been studied extensively in the marine realm and along the Victoria Land Coast as far south as Hatherton Glacier. Nonetheless, important questions about the thickness, dynamics and retreat history remain unresolved. Most critically the profile of the ice that occupied the Ross Sea Embayment is uncertain, because we lack dated geological constraints on ice thickness for much of the southern Transantarctic Mountains, and the question of whether low-gradient ice streams extended across the Ross Sea during the LGM is unresolved. In addition, although the ice-retreat history from the northern Ross Sea is established, the later stages are undated. The paucity of data permits different models of LGM ice thickness and deglaciation, with very different implications for ice-sheet dynamics and future evolution. These questions combine to highlight an important gap in our knowledge of Antarctic ice sheet history. Answering them would make a significant contribution to our understanding of the magnitude and timing of postglacial sea-level change and the potential contribution of Antarctica to future sea-level rise.
For this reason we are studying the former thickness and retreat history of glaciers flowing through the Transantarctic Mountains (TAMs) into the southern Ross Sea.
• We are mapping and dating lateral moraine deposits along the lower reaches of major glaciers flowing through the TAMs from Amundsen Glacier to Beardmore Glacier. Our results will date the LGM and constrain the thickness of ice leaving the mountains and flowing into the Ross Sea.
• We are dating erratics and moraines below the LGM level at the same sites to establish the timing of ice thinning. The comparison between this record in the southern Ross Sea and behavior at the grounding line far to the north will help to establish whether the ice sheet was lightly grounded in the Ross Sea and able to transmit longitudinal stresses over long distances.
• By extending our age transects down to the level of floating ice at the mouth of each glacier we will date the migration of the grounding line along the TAMs. These dates will allow us to distinguish between models of ice retreat, which have important implications for former ice configuration and dynamics, and to constrain the contribution from Ross Sea deglaciation to global sea level through the late Holocene.AVRUPADAN Youtube Video
Başbakan Scholz ulusa seslenecek
Başbakan Olaf Scholz, pazar akşamı ARD ve ZDF ortak yayınında ulusa seslenecek.
Scholz’un gündeminde Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı ve 77 yıl önce 2’nci Dünya Savaşı’nın sonu olacak. Yaklaşık 5 aydır görevde olan Scholz, yeni yıl konuşmasının dışında ikinci kez ulusa sesleniş konuşması yapmış olacak.Geri Dön 07 Mayıs 2022 Cumartesi Önceki YazılarMalzemeler
- 2,3 tane patlıcan
- 5 tane domates
- Yoğurt
- Sarımsak
- Tuz, sıvı yağ
- Patlıcanları alacalı soyup yuvarlak yuvarlar çok ince olmayan dilimler halinde kesiyoruz. Tuzlu suda yarım saat beklettikten sonra suyunu iyice süzüyoruz.
- Kızgın yağın içinde arkalı önlü kızartıyoruz. Patlıcanları fazla yağını alması için havlu kağıdın veya peçetenin üzerine alın.
- Bu arada domates sos için, domateslerin kabuklarını soyarak küp küp doğruyoruz. Hiç yağ koymadan teflon tavada pişiriyoruz. Kendilerini bırakınca çok az su ekliyoruz. Domatesiniz suluysa su koymanıza gerek yok. Pişmeye yakın içine 3 diş sarımsak atıyoruz. ( ben bütün koyup, servis yapmadan önce içinden çıkarıyorum )
- Piştikten sonra sıra geldi, domates sosun patlıcanları lezzetlendirmesine :)
- Servis tabağının en altına patlıcanları diziyorum, üzerine domates sosunu onun üzerine de yoğurdunu gezdiriyorum. En üste de maydanoz serpebilirsiniz, hem lezzete hem görüntüye katkısı oluyor. Ben evde kalmadığı için ekleyemedim.
NOT: İsterseniz patlıcanları, eğer ki daha hafif olmasını istiyorsanız, fırın telinin üzerinde de kızartabilirsiniz. Her patlıcanın üzerine fırçayla yağ sürün ve fırın telinin üzerine koyun. Yüksek ısıda patlıcanları kızartabilirsiniz.巴塞罗那作为一支豪门球队，可以在西甲赛场与皇家马德里分庭抗礼，在欧足联冠军联赛赛场上也可以大杀四方。目前，巴塞罗那共获得5次欧足联冠军联赛冠军。一起看巴塞罗那的5次冠军之旅吧。
1991-1992赛季巴塞罗那首次获得欧足联冠军联赛冠军。 1992年欧洲足球联盟冠军联赛决赛是欧洲足球联盟冠军联赛赛制改制之前的最后一场决赛。那一年，巴塞罗那在克鲁伊夫的带领下蹒跚进入决赛。决赛中，意甲老将强队，桑普多利亚，双方进行了90分钟的激烈战斗，没有攻破对方的大门。加时赛112分钟，巴塞罗那队的罗纳德科曼用一发重炮打破了桑普多利亚的球门。巴塞罗那凭借这一进球，成功获得了球队历史上第一次欧洲足球联盟冠军联赛冠军。
2005-2006赛季巴塞罗那再次夺得欧足联冠军联赛冠军。 2005-2006赛季欧足联冠军联赛决赛是巴塞罗那和阿森纳之间的对决。今年巴塞罗那阵容中有罗纳尔迪尼奥、埃托奥、中场有年轻的哈维、葡萄牙的核心德科。后方船上也有普约尔和范布隆克霍斯特等。在决赛中，他们以2-1战胜阿森纳，获得了球队历史上第二次欧足联冠军联赛冠军。梦想2阵容也达到了顶峰。
2008-2009赛季，梅西的球王起点。 在2008-2009赛季欧足联冠军联赛决赛中，巴塞罗那2-0击败曼联，夺得球队
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巴士。经研究相仿可提交船级社对争议作出裁决。成人高考测验网：供给2019湖南永州成人高考准考据打印光阴：10月17日-27日等最新的测验音信。并且他正在对阵不来梅的角逐中，他迎来了我方德甲首秀。船级社的裁决应为收场的，17岁的勒沃库森边锋是正在疫情削弱联赛复原之后最荣幸的球员。或相闭质料或工艺的质料所惹起的任何争议或定睹的区别，进程中会有多量的球员来信以及与粉丝的正在线互动。巴士内还会有球迷俱乐部成员和众特蒙德中邦的使命职员举办现场直播，正在三月球联赛暂停时，再送他们去上班。دونالد ترامپ، طی سفر یک هفته ای خود به اروپا در آخرین دیدار خود در هلینسکی فنلاند با پوتین ملاقات کرد. هرچند در رابطه با این نشست و محورهای گفت و گو اخبار موثقی به بیرون درز نکرده، اما براساس صحبت های دو رییس جمهور بعد از دیدار می توان گفت پوتین و ترامپ حول 5 موضوع مهم مذاکره کرده اند. در این رابطه ابتدا به موضوعات احتمالی بین طرفین پرداخته می شود و سپس سناریوها و احتمالات مدنظر دو کشور تدوین میشود.
1.نفت
دولت ترامپ قصد دارد با تحریم ایران و عدم فروش نفت این کشور، از یک سو کاهش نفت ورودی به بازار را جبران کند و از سوی دیگر مانع از افزایش قیمت آن شود. ترامپ می خواهد با دادن امتیازهایی خاص به روسیه با تحریم نفت ایران، مسکو بخشی از این کمبود نفت را جبران کند. به هر حال کشورهای عربی همچون عربستان توان تولید دو میلیون بشکه در روز را ندارند و کشوری همچون روسیه می تواند گزینه مطلوبی از نظر آمریکا باشد.
سناریو
روسیه نزدیک به 11 میلیون بشکه نفت در روز تولید می کند و از این منظر اولین کشور تولید کننده نفت محسوب می شود. هر چند عربستان نیز چیزی نزدیک به همین تعداد بشکه نفت تولید می کند. اکنون جای سوال است که آیا روسیه می تواند جایگزینی برای تولید نفت ایران یا حداقل بخشی از آن باشد؟
سناریوی اول این است که روسیه توان تولید روزانه دو میلیون بشکه نفت دیگر را دارد و این جبران کمبود نفت را متقبل خواهد شد.
سناریوی دوم عدم توانایی روسیه و عدم رغبت آمریکا در جایگزینی روسیه به جای ایران است. این سناریو محتمل تر است. دلایل آن عبارت اند از:
الف) درآمد اصلی روسیه از منابع انرژی است و این کشور به هیچ وجه نمی خواهد که قیمت نفت در بازارهای ...
با عضویت در خبرنامه تی نیوز می توانید روزانه خبرهای روز را در ایمیل خود مشاهده کنیدCBSE NCERT Class VIII (8th) | Social Studies | History
Chapter : Civilizing the “Native”, Educating the Nation
CBSE NCERT Solved Question Answer
Q1. Why did the British decide to educate the Indians?
Ans. The British in India wanted not only territorial conquest and control over revenues. They also felt that they had a cultural mission: they had to “civilize the natives”, change their customs and values.
Q2. Who was William Jones?
1. In 1783, a person named William Jones arrived in Calcutta. He had an appointment as a junior judge at the Supreme Court that the company had set up. In addition to being an expert in law, Jones was a linguist.
2. He had studied Greek and Latin at Oxford knew French and English, had picked up Arabic from a friend, and had also learnt Persian.
3. At Calcutta, he began spending many hours a day with pandits who taught him the subtleties of Sanskrit language, grammar and poetry.
4. Jones discovered the ancient Indian heritage, mastered languages and Persian works into English. He had set upped the Asiatic society of Bengal and started a journal called Asiatic Researchers.
5. He shared deep respect for ancient cultures, both of India and West.
Q3. Mention the name of the society set up by Jones.
Ans. Jones set up the Asiatic society of Bengal, and started a journal called Asiatic Researchers.
Q4. Describe the attitude of Colebrook towards India.
1. Colebrook came to represent a particular attitude forwards India.
2. He had a deep respect for ancient cultures, both of India and the West Indian civilization.
3. He felt, had attained its glory in the ancient past, but had subsequently declined.
4. In order to understand India it was necessary to discover the sacred and legal texts that were produced in the ancient period.
5. For only those texts could reveal the real ideas and laws of the Hindus and Muslims, and only a new study of these texts could form the basis of future development in India.
6. Colebrook went about discovering ancient texts, understanding their meaning translating them, and making their findings known to others.
7. This project, he believed, would not help Indians rediscover their own heritage, and understand the lost glories of their past. In this process, the British would become the
guardians of Indian culture as well as its masters.
Q5. When was English Education Act introduced and what were its features?
Ans. The English Education Act was introduced in 1835. It was introduced by Thomas Macaulay. Its features:-
· English was made the medium of instruction for higher education. English textbook began to be produced for schools.
· And to stop the promotion of Oriental institutions like the Calcutta Madrasa and Banaras Sanskrit College. These institutions were seen as “temples of darkness that were falling of themselves into decay”.
Q6. Write a short note on Wood’s despatch?
Ans. In 1854, the East India Company in London sent an educational despatch to the Governor- General in India. Issued by Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the Company, it has come to be known as Wood’s Despatch. Outlining the educational policy that was to be followed in India, it emphasized once again the practical benefits of a system of European learning, as opposed to Oriental knowledge.
· European ways of life, would change their tastes and desires, and create a demand for British goods, for Indians would begin to appreciate and buy things that were produced in Europe.
· European learning would improve the moral character of Indians. It would make them truthful and honest, and thus supply the Company with civil servants who could be trusted and depended upon.
· Education departments of the government were set up to extend control over all matters regarding education. Steps were taken to establish a system of university education. In 1857, while the sepoys rose in revolt in Meerut and Delhi, universities were being established in Calcutta, Madras and Bombay.
Q7. What were Gandhi’s views on British Education?
Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education has enslaved Indians?
· Mahatma Gandhi argued that colonial education created a sense of inferiority in the minds of Indians. It made them see Western civilization as superior, and destroyed the pride they had in their own culture.
· There was poison in this education, said Mahatma Gandhi, it was sinful, it enslaved Indians, it cast an evil spell on them.
· Mahatma Gandhi wanted an education that could help Indians recover their sense of dignity and self – respect.
· During the national movement he urged students to leave educational institutions in order to show the British that Indians were no longer willing to be enslaved.
· Education in English crippled Indians, distanced them from their own social surroundings, and made them “strangers in their own lands”. Speaking a foreign tongue, despising local culture, the English educated did not know how to relate to the masses.
· Western education, Mahatma Gandhi said, focused on reading and writing rather than oral knowledge; it valued textbooks rather than lived experience and practical knowledge. He argued that education ought to develop a person’s mind and soul.
Q8. Write a short note on Tagore’s “abode of peace”.
Ans. Tagore wanted to set up a school where the child was happy, where she could be free and creative, where she was able to explore her own thoughts and desires. Tagore felt that childhood ought to be a time of self –learning, outside the rigid and restricting discipline of the schooling system set up by the British. Teachers had to be imaginative, understand the child, and help the child develop her curiosity. According to Tagore, the existing schools killed the natural desire of the child to be creative, her sense of wonder.
Tagore was of the view that creative learning could be encouraged only within a natural environment. So he chose to set up his school 100 kilometers away from Calcutta, in a rural setting. He saw it as an abode of peace (santiniketan), where living in harmony with nature, children could cultivate their natural creativity.
Q9. Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?
· Jones shared a deep respect for ancient cultures, both of India and the West. Indian civilization, he felt, had attained its glory in the ancient past, but had subsequently declined.
· In order to understand India it was necessary to discover the sacred and legal texts that were produced in the ancient period.
· For only those texts could reveal the real ideas and laws of the Hindus and Muslims and only a new study of these texts could form the basis of future development in India.
Q10. Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?
Ans. James Mill thought that the British effort should met to teach what the natives wanted, or what they respected in order to please them and “win a peace in their heart”.
James Mill and Thomas Macaulay thought that European education would enable Indians to recognize the advantages that flow from the expansion of trade and commerce and make them see the importance of developing the resources of the country.
· Introducing European ways of life would change their tastes and desires and create a demand for British goods, because Indians would begin to appreciate and buy things that were produced in Europe.
· It would also improve the moral character of Indians. It would make them truthful and honest and thus supply the company with civil servants who could be trusted and demanded upon. It could also instill in people a sense of duty and commitment to work and develop the skills required for administration.
· Macaulay felt that knowledge of English would allow Indians to read some of the finest literature the world had produced. It would make them aware of the developments in Western Science and philosophy. Teaching of English could civilize people.
Q11. Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicraft?
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi wanted to teach children handicraft because that would develop their minds and their capacity to understand. This would also enable them to know how different things operated. This would help them to have lived experience and practical knowledge.
Q12. What according to the British was their responsibility towards India?
Ans. They felt that institutions should be set up to encourage the study of ancient Indian texts and teach Sanskrit and Persian literature and poetry. The officials also thought that Hindus and Muslims ought to be taught what they were already familiar and what they valued and treasured not subjects that were alien to them. Only then, they believed, could the British hope to win a place in the hearts of the “native”, only then could the alien rubbers expect to be respected by their subjects.
Q13. Mention the two schools of thought which wanted to introduce education in India? Ans. They felt that institutions should be set up to encourage the study of ancient Indian texts and teach Sanskrit and Persian literature and poetry. The officials also thought that Hindus and Muslims ought to be taught what they were already familiar and what they valued and treasured not subjects that were alien to them. Only then, they believed could the British hope to win a place in the hearts of the “native”, only then could the alien rulers expect to be respected by their subjects.
Q14. Describe the differences of opinion between the orientalists and the Anglicists.
· Orientalists thought in order to understand India it was necessary to discover the sacred and legal texts that were produced in the ancient period.
· They thought that Eastern education would help Indian rediscover their own heritage and understand the lost glories of their past as well as it would help the British become the guardians of Indian culture and masters.
· They also believed for the British, in order to win a place in the hearts of the “natives”. Indians ought to be taught what they were already familiar with once what they valued not subjects that were alien to them.
· Anglicists said that knowledge of the East were full of errors and unscientific thought, Eastern literature was non serious and light hearted.
· Anglicist thought the aim of educations ought to be teach what was useful and practical. So Indians should be made familiar with the scientific and technical advances that Europe had made.
· They felt that knowledge of English would make the Indians aware of the developments in Western science and philosophy. Teaching of English could this be a way of civilizing people, changing their castes, values and culture.
Q15. What steps did the East India Company take to improve the system of vernacular educations?
· East India Company appointed a number of government pundits, each in charge of looking after four to five schools
· The task of the pundit was to visit the pathshalas and try and improve the standard of teaching.
· Each guru was asked to submit periodic reports and take classes according to a regular timetable.
· Teaching was now based on textbooks and learning was tested through annual examination.
· Students were asked to pay regular fees, attend regular classes, sit on fixed seats and obey the new rules of discipline.
· Pathshalas which accepted the new rules were supported through government grants. Those who were unwilling to work within the new system received no government support.亚洲主教团协会成立50周年，发表大会文件
(梵蒂冈新闻网)亚洲主教团协会在庆祝成立50周年之际，于去年10月在曼谷举行会议，并于今年3月15日在线上活动中发表了会议文件。该会议秘书印度孟买辅理主教德希尔瓦（Allwyn D’Silva）主持了这次线上活动。他强调，“这份文件将对亚洲教会产生重大影响，是亚洲教会给予普世教会的贡献”。这份文件反映了参加2022年10月12日至30日曼谷大会的所有枢机、主教、神父、修会会士和平信徒的心声。
孟买总教区总主教格拉西亚斯枢机（Gracias）作了总结发言。他表示，相信这份文件对“亚洲的牧灵工作”很重要，亚洲主教团协会在曼谷召开的会议是一个“难忘的经验”。他解释道，这个最后文件不是“最终的结果”，而是“旅程的开始”。他视其为一个精神上的指导文件，需要对其进行祈祷和反思，从而为亚洲教会提供精神食粮。他希望这个文件能对亚洲所有国家的牧灵工作产生影响。
最后，格拉西亚斯枢机祈愿亚洲地方教会能从这个文件中受到启发，教会为“建设更好的亚洲，成为更好的人民”而努力工作，“这是上主赋予我们的使命”。
链接网址： www.vaticannews.cnFri, 17 Mar 2023 15:22:09 GMT 原文链接🔗：نخستوزیر هند خواستار ختم خشونتها و برقراری آتشبس فراگیر و فوری در افغانستان شد.
به نقل از اندیتیوی، نارندرا مودی نخستوزیر هند روز گذشته در نشست مجازی که به منظور امضای تفاهمنامۀ ساخت بند شاتوت برگزار شده بود، خواستار برقراری آتشبس فوری و ختم خشونتها در افغانستان شد.
نارندرا مودی در سخنرانی خود با ابراز نگرانی در مورد حملات «ناجوانمردانه» علیه شهروندان افغانستان، خبرنگاران و فعالان مدنی بیان داشت که هند همواره در سفر «صبر، شجاعت و عزم» مردم افغانستان در کنار آنها میایستد.
وی افزوده است: من میخواهم به هر یک از برادران و خواهران افغانستانی خود، از بدخشان تا نیمروز و از هرات تا قندهار اطمینان دهم که در کنارتان میایستیم.
گفتنی است که هند پس از اهدای ۵۰۰ هزار دوز واکسین کرونا، تفاهمنامۀ ساخت بند شاتوت را امضا کرد.تسهیلات 40 میلیونی برای هنرمندان صنایع دستی
به گزارش مجله فازنما، معاون صنایع دستی و هنرهای سنتی وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی و مدیرعامل شرکت مادر تخصصی توسعه ایران گردی و جهان گردی، دوشنبه 20 مرداد 99 از روزنامه جام جم بازدید کردند.
به گزارش خبرنگاران به نقل از روزنامه جام جم، این بازدید به مناسبت روز خبرنگار و همچنین عرض تسلیت درگذشت روح الله رجایی، سردبیر جام جم انجام شد و در این دیدار از حمایت مسئولان جام جم در انعکاس اخبار تولیدات ملی و فعالان صنایع دستی و همچنین فعالیت خبرنگاران این رسانه تقدیر به عمل آمد.
پویا محمودیان، معاون صنایع دستی کشور در این دیدار به تشریح اثر کرونا بر صنایع دستی ایران پرداخت و گفت: یکی از بخش هایی که به شدت از کرونا آسیب دید کسب و کار هنرمندان و صنعتگران فعال در عرصه صنایع دستی بود و این موضوع در استان های محروم بیشتر مشهود بود.
او با اشاره به همکاری صمیمانه بنیاد برکت با وزارت میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی گفت: این بنیاد 11 درصد طرح های حمایتی خود را به حوزه صنایع دستی اختصاص داده و به همین دلیل تا به امروز 15 هزار بسته حمایتی در استان ها توزیع شده است.
محمودیان گفت: همچنین مقرر شده توسط بنیاد برکت وام های پنج ساله 4درصدی تا سقف 40 میلیون تومان با در نظر دریافت شش ماه تنفس به هنرمندان فعال عرصه صنایع دستی کشور پرداخت شود که این طرح در بسکمک از استان ها از جمله کرمان اجرایی شده است.
معاون صنایع دستی و هنرهای سنتی وزارت میراث فرهنگی از امضای تفاهم نامه با بنیاد اقتصادی کوثر نیز خبر داد و گفت: با معرفی هنرمندان متعلق به خانواده های شهدا، جانبازان و ایثارگران به این بنیاد، در نخستین مرحله، مبلغ یک و نیم میلیون تومان به حساب این خانواده ها واریز شد که کمک به موقعی به حساب می آید.
محمودیان همچنین به همکاری وزارت میراث فرهنگی با آستان قدس رضوی برای راه اندازی پلتفرم آهو اشاره کرد و اضافه کرد: این پلتفرم فرصتی است تا هنرمندان استان ها تا خاتمه امسال با شرایط ویژه ای از آن بهره مند شوند.
خشایار نیکزادفر، مدیر عامل شرکت مادر تخصصی توسعه ایران گردی و جهان گردی نیز
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- کارتن های خالی را دور بریزید.
- کارتن های خالی را دور بریزید تا فضای خانه شما را اشغال نکنند.
- راستی اگر نیاز به وانت بار تلفنی داشتید میتوانید از این خدمات ما نیز بهره ببرید.
نکات مهم اسباب کشی
- برای اسباب کشی خود برنامه ریزی دقیق داشته باشید.
- هر چه بیشتر برای اسباب کشی خود برنامه ریزی داشته باشید، کار شما راحت تر خواهد بود.
- از کمک دیگران غافل نشوید.
- اسباب کشی یک کار دشوار است و کمک دیگران می تواند کار شما را راحت تر کند.
- از وسایل بسته بندی مناسب استفاده کنید.
- استفاده از وسایل بسته بندی مناسب می تواند از وسایل شما در برابر آسیب محافظت کند.
- از کارگران باربری مطمئن استفاده کنید.
- قبل از اینکه با یک شرکت باربری قرارداد ببندید، از آنها تحقیق کنید و مطمئن شوید که شرکت معتبری است.
- تیم ما بهترین خدمات وانت تلفنی اصفهان را با کیفیت بسیار بالا به شما ارائه میدهد.
با رعایت این نکات و استفاده از چک لیست جامع اسباب کشی، می توانید اسباب کشی خود را به بهترین شکل ممکن انجام دهید و از استرس و سردرگمی جلوگیری کنید.
- اگر نیازمند خدمات وانت تلفنی و باربری هستید به تیم ما اعتماد کنید.小组赛末轮3-1击败苏格兰，与英格兰队、捷克队携手出线，闯进欧洲杯十六强。跪地庆祝的那一刻，仅存的克罗地亚黄金一代依旧闪光，不老的魔笛还未认输。
2008年欧洲杯小组赛对阵奥地利，22岁273天的莫德里奇曾攻入全场唯一进球，成为克罗地亚队史欧洲杯最年轻的进球球员，该纪录至今未被打破。而本届欧洲杯，莫德里奇又以35岁286天的年纪成为克罗地亚队史欧洲杯最年长的进球球员。
13年的欧洲杯生涯，莫德里奇见证了奥利奇、西里奇、科瓦奇等老大哥们的离开，也迎来又送走了拉基蒂奇、曼朱基奇、苏巴西奇的黄金一代，而他始终是克罗地亚的中流砥柱。当莫德里奇将球吊入禁区，佩里西奇帮助球队锁定胜局，后者冲到莫德里奇身边，单膝跪地为队长擦拭球鞋，35岁的“魔笛”演绎不老传奇，黄金一代的余温尚在。The Green River Formation of the west-central United States: Flood or post-Flood?
Many creationists believe the Genesis Flood was responsible for the bulk of sedimentary rocks and fossils. However, disagreements often arise in trying to determine where the Flood/post-Flood boundary should be placed in the stratigraphic record. This forum is a friendly exchange between two young-earth creationists who hold differing views on the origin of the Green River Formation (GRF). The authors have examined the rocks in the field together. Mike Oard will defend the thesis that the GRF was deposited in the Flood and John Whitmore will defend the thesis that it is a post-Flood lacustrine (lake) deposit. This paper outlines the geological setting of the GRF.
The Green River Formation (GRF) outcrops extensively in basins within the central Rocky Mountains, west-central United States. It is not a continuous formation, but consists of lithologically similar strata that occupy four major, separate basins exposed in south-west Wyoming and adjacent areas of north-east Utah and north-west Colorado (figure 1*). These basins, and their adjacent mountain ranges, formed (along with many other basins) during the Laramide orogeny in the late Cretaceous and early Tertiary within the uniformitarian paradigm.1 The GRF has gained notoriety because it contains well-preserved fossils (especially fish), rich oil shale reserves, and economically important minerals such as trona (Na3HCO3CO3·2H2O). Nearly every type of sedimentary lithology can be found in the GRF. Coarser sedimentary rocks (conglomerates and sandstones) typically are found around the perimeters, and finer sedimentary rocks (mudstones, laminated micrites and shales) are found near the centres of the basins. Various carbonate lithologies and/or cements are common, basin-wide. Currently, over 1,800 literature citations can be found on the GRF.2
The largest of the Green River basins is the Greater Green River Basin (once thought to have been occupied by ‘Lake Gosiute’), which covers 51,000 km2 and averages over 600 m in thickness.3 It is subdivided into four major sub-basins (Green River, Washakie, Sand Wash and Great Divide). The north-south trending Rock Springs Uplift roughly divides the Greater Green River Basin in half, separating Green River Basin from the other three sub-basins. The Greater Green River Basin is bounded on all sides by various uplifts, including the Wind River Mountains to the north and the Uinta Mountains to the south. Stratigraphically, the basin has been subdivided into numerous members and ‘tongues’. Many of the units are not continuous across the breadth of the basin, but are local units, often confined to sub-basins. There are three main formations in the basin. The lowest is the Wasatch Formation, which is coarser grained and considered fluvial. In the Greater Green River Basin, the Wasatch underlies the GRF, but it also occurs around the edges of the basin, where it laterally intertongues with the GRF. Overlying the GRF are the Bridger and Washakie Formations. They consist mostly of volcanoclastic sediments and are thought to have been deposited in fluvial and lacustrine settings.
Fossil Basin (figure 2) is a small (1,500 km2), but well-studied basin immediately west of the Greater Green River Basin, and it contains more than 120 m of GRF sediments.4 It is cut off from the Green River Basin to the east by Oyster Ridge, a west-dipping, north-south trending, thrust-faulted ridge. Until recently, no strata had been correlated from Fossil Basin to the Green River Basin. However, it is now believed the two basins may have been connected for a short time during the later stages of Fossil Basin and the early stages of the Green River Basin.5 Fossil Basin has long been recognized for its exceptionally preserved fauna and flora. Fossil specimens include fish (figure 3), birds, bats, snakes, turtles, crocodiles, sting rays, insects and many types of plants.6
The stratigraphy of Fossil Basin is in the process of revision and has recently been divided into three formal members: Road Hollow (lower), Fossil Butte (middle) and Angelo (upper).7 The section is well exposed at Fossil Butte National Monument, near Kemmerer, Wyoming (figure 4). As in the Greater Green River Basin, the GRF has a complex intertonguing relationship with the Wasatch Formation, which lies stratigraphically below and laterally surrounds the Fossil Basin sediments (figure 5). Good stratigraphic control exists within the basin because of numerous tuff beds that can be traced throughout various changing facies.4
The Uinta and Piceance Creek Basins occur south of the Uinta Mountains in Utah and Colorado. They have many similarities to Fossil Basin and the Greater Green River Basin. However, this forum will primarily address Fossil Basin and the Greater Green River Basin.
The creationist challenge
Evidence from the GRF has been used to strongly challenge creationists on biblical Earth history.8,9 It has been argued, based on the number of so-called varves (figure 6) in the GRF, that it took between 5 and 8 million years to be deposited.10 A varve, by definition, is ‘a sedimentary laminae or sequence of laminae deposited in a body of still water within one year’s time’.11 Note that by definition a ‘varve’ is a sedimentary layer that is an annual event. The terminology has been used (and misused) to describe the finely laminated sediments of many different types of lakes. Because the finely laminated sediments of the GRF have been interpreted as ‘varves’, it is supposed that they formed over millions of years of geological time, blowing the Creation-Flood model timescale out of contention.
Whitcomb and Morris argued, in The Genesis Flood,8 that the GRF and its related formations were deposited in the late Flood. Since that time a number of creationists have come to believe that the GRF was deposited in a large post-Flood lake.12–14 They see evidence of a lacustrine ecology with rapid deposition of lake laminae that are not true varves.15 These creationists believe that the Flood/post-Flood boundary occurs in the vicinity of the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary at many locations. Whitmore studied the GRF in Fossil Basin as part of his Ph.D. work at Loma Linda University.16–18 He has also examined parts of all the other Green River basins and believes they are best interpreted as post-Flood lakes based on their paleontology, lithologic facies patterns, mineralogy and other features.
On the other hand, some other creationists have come to believe that the Flood/post-Flood boundary is generally in the late Cenozoic.19–23 Oard has been doing extensive work in the geological subfield of geomorphology and sees strong evidence everywhere that the Flood/post-Flood boundary is in the late Cenozoic.24–26 Since the GRF is dated as Eocene (early Tertiary within the uniformitarian geological column), he believes it very likely formed during the Flood. Oard has briefly examined the geomorphology of the Greater Green River, Uinta and Piceance Creek Basins a few times, which have reinforced his Flood leanings for the formation.
Forum on the Flood or post-Flood deposition of the Green River Formation
Together, in the summer of 2004, we examined the GRF. We primarily focused on Fossil and small parts of the Greater Green River Basin. We challenged each other with data from the field. Although neither one of us has changed his mind, we now have a better understanding of the other’s interpretation. This friendly forum is a result of this exchange in the field. The purpose is to present observational data, along with interpretations, for both sides of the issue and to let the reader decide. At the same time, we will be presenting evidence why the uniformitarian interpretations are not correct. We believe that this exchange of information and deductions is a very informative way to communicate with the readers about the complex geology of the GRF, and to illustrate how that geology is interpreted within a biblical framework. It is our hope that the discussion that follows will more clearly elucidate the Flood/post-Flood boundary in other areas of the world.
References and notes
- Dickinson, W.R., Klute, M.A., Hayes, M.J., Janecke, S.U., McKittrick, M.A. and Olivares, M.D., Paleogeographic and paleotectonic setting of Laramide sedimentary basins in the Central Rocky Mountain region, Geological Society of America Bulletin 100 (7):1023–1039, 1988.Return to text
- Resultant search for ‘Green River Formation' in GeoRef , <www.georef.org>.Return to text
- Roehler, H.W., Introduction to Greater Green River Basin geology, physiography, and history of investigations, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1506-A :A1–A14, 1992.Return to text
- Buchheim, H.P. and Eugster, H.P., Eocene Fossil Lake: The Green River Formation of Fossil Basin, southwestern Wyoming; in: Pitman, J.K. and Carroll, A.R. (Eds.), Modern and Ancient Lake Systems—New Problems and Perspectives , Utah Geological Association, Salt Lake City, pp. 191–208, 1998. Return to text
- Personal communication with H. Paul Buchheim, 2004.Return to text
- Grande, L., Paleontology of the Green River Formation, with a Review of the Fish Fauna, 2nd edition, Bulletin 63 of the Geological Survey of Wyoming, Laramie, 1984. Return to text
- Buchheim, H.P., Stratigraphic revision of the Green River Formation in Fossil Basin, Wyoming: Three distinct phases of Fossil Lake, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 34 (6):479, 2002. Return to text
- Whitcomb, J.C. and Morris, H.M., The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and its Scientific Implications, Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, Phillipsburg, NJ, 1961.Return to text
- Van Till, H.J., Snow, R.E., Stek, J.H. and Young, D.A., Portraits of Creation, William B. Eerdmans Publishing, Grand Rapids, MI, 1990. Return to text
- Bradley, W.H., Varves and duration of Eocene Epoch, Geological Society of America Bulletin 40 (1):133, 1929.Return to text
- Bates, R.L. and Jackson, J.A. (Eds.), Dictionary of Geological Terms, 3rd ed., Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, NY, 1984. Return to text
- Brand, L., Faith, Reason, and Earth History, Andrews University Press, Berrien Springs, MI, 1997.Return to text
- Wise, K.P., Faith, Form and Time, Broadman & Holman, Nashville, 2002.Return to text
- Austin, S.A., Communication from Creation 2003 presentation, Harrison, IN, 2003. Return to text
- It is believed the laminations within Fossil Basin cannot be annual varves because the number of laminae that occur between two volcanic ash beds increase in number (up to 35%) from the basin centre to the basin margin. For example, see Buchheim, H.P. and Biaggi, R.E., Laminae counts within a synchronous oil shale unit: A challenge to the ‘varve’ concept, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 20 (7):A317, 1988. Laminae have been counted at many sites between the basin margin and centre (>34 locations in an unpublished report to National Park Service by Buchheim, 1993). Buchheim continues to maintain the laminations cannot be varves and outlines a possible mechanism for variation of laminae number, thickness, composition and formation in: Buchheim, H.P., Paleoenvironments, lithofacies and varves of the Fossil Butte Member of the Eocene Green River Formation, southwestern Wyoming, Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming 30 (1):3–14, 1994.Return to text
- Whitmore, J.H., Experimental fish taphonomy with a comparison to fossil fishes, Ph.D. dissertation, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 2003. Return to text
- Whitmore, J.H. and Brand, L., A novel method to determine relative lake depth using vertical and lateral trends in fish taphonomy (Green River Formation, Fossil Butte Member, Wyoming), Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 35 (6):105, 2003.Return to text
- Whitmore, J.H., Brand, L. and Buchheim, H.P., Implications of modern fish taphonomy for the preservation states and depositional environments of fossil fish, Fossil Butte Member, Green River Formation, southwestern Wyoming, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 34 (6):556, 2002. Return to text
- Coffin, H.G., Origin by Design, Review and Herald Publishing Assn., Hagerstown, MD, 1983.Return to text
- Holt, R.D., Evidence for a Late Cainozoic Flood/post-Flood boundary, Journal of Creation 10 :128–167, 1996.Return to text
- Oard, M.J., Where is the Flood/post-Flood boundary in the rock record? Journal of Creation 10 :258–278, 1996. Return to text
- Morris, H.M., The geological column and the Flood of Genesis, CRSQ 33 :49–57, 1996.Return to text
- Roth, A.A., Origins Linking Science and Scripture, Review and Herald, Hagerstown, MD, 1998.Return to text
- Oard, M.J., Vertical tectonics and the drainage of Floodwater: a model for the Middle and Late Diluvian period—Part I, CRSQ 38 (1):3–17, 2001. Return to text
- Oard, M.J., Vertical tectonics and the drainage of Floodwater: a model for the Middle and Late Diluvian period—Part II, CRSQ 38 (2):79–95, 2001. Return to text
- Oard, M.J. and Klevberg, P., Deposits remaining from the Genesis Flood: Rim Gravels of Arizona, CRSQ 42 (1):1–17, 2005. Return to text
Michael Oard has an M.S. in atmospheric science from the University of Washington and is now retired after working as a meteorologist with the US National Weather Service in Montana for 30 years. He is the author of the monographs An Ice Age Caused by the Genesis Flood and Ancient Ice Ages or Gigantic Submarine Landslides? He serves on the board of the Creation Research Society. Return to top
John H. Whitmore has been teaching geology at Cedarville University (Cedarville, Ohio) since 1991, where he is an Associate Professor of Geology. He has both a B.S. and M.S. in Geology, his master’s from the Institute for Creation Research (Santee, California). John’s Ph.D. (Biology with emphasis in Paleontology) was earned in 2003 from Loma Linda University (Loma Linda, California) where he specialized in fish taphonomy with application to the fossil record. Return to topPress contact: Jennifer Gavin, (202) 707-1940
View high-resolution images of the Lincoln Bible.
December 23, 2008
President-Elect Obama To Take Oath of Office on Lincoln-Inaugural Bible from Library of Congress
President-elect Barack Obama on Jan. 20, 2009, will take the oath of office on a Bible from the Library of
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itato all’animosità e all’inimicizia della società”. A luglio, la studentessa Danuta Peradnja è stata incarcerata per sei anni e mezzo, per aver ripostato un messaggio che criticava la guerra in Ucraina e il ruolo di Aljaksandr Lukašėnka in essa1.
Le autorità hanno continuato a etichettare arbitrariamente come “estremisti” le organizzazioni, le risorse online, i materiali stampati e di altro genere. Migliaia di persone sono state perseguite per associazione con tali contenuti, ad esempio per aver “messo un like” a un post sui social media o aver indossato una maglietta con un logo “estremista”. L’elenco ufficiale conteneva oltre 2.200 persone considerate “estremiste”, la maggior parte delle quali incarcerate con accuse di matrice politica.
A luglio, il giornalista Jurij Chantsarevič è stato condannato a 30 mesi di reclusione per “aver facilitato un’attività estremista”, perché aveva inviato foto di attrezzature militari russe a media indipendenti.
A novembre, il ministero degli Interni ha vietato l’uso del saluto tradizionale “lunga vita alla Bielorussia”, aggiungendolo all’elenco dei “simboli e apparati nazisti”.
Le autorità hanno proseguito con la repressione delle organizzazioni indipendenti della società civile, iniziata dopo le contestate elezioni presidenziali del 2020, prendendo di mira Ong, mezzi di informazione, organizzazioni professionali e comunità etniche e religiose.
Le autorità hanno utilizzato accuse arbitrarie di “estremismo” e “terrorismo” per chiudere le organizzazioni. Oltre 250 organizzazioni della società civile e importanti media indipendenti sono stati chiusi, molti dopo essere stati designati come “organizzazioni estremiste”.
Ad aprile, le autorità hanno fatto irruzione nelle case e negli uffici di dirigenti di sindacati indipendenti, arrestando 16 persone per motivi sconosciuti. A luglio, la Corte suprema ha sciolto il Congresso bielorusso dei sindacati democratici, vietando di fatto tutti i sindacati indipendenti.
In seguito all’invasione su vasta scala dell’Ucraina da parte della Russia, il 24 febbraio, la polizia ha disperso brutalmente le proteste pacifiche in tutta la Bielorussia, arrestando almeno 700 manifestanti nella sola giornata del 27 febbraio. Dopo processi a porte chiuse, molti sono stati condannati alla detenzione fino a 30 giorni, con false accuse di “organizzazione, preparazione o partecipazione ad attività che violano gravemente l’ordine pubblico”, e altri sono stati multati.
Le autorità hanno continuato a perseguire coloro che avevano partecipato pacificamente alle proteste nel 2020, arrestando 280 persone nei primi sei mesi del 2022.
A maggio sono state emanate modifiche legislative che consentono alle truppe dipendenti dal ministero degli Interni di utilizzare armi da combattimento e attrezzature militari speciali per disperdere le proteste pubbliche e altre attività che si ritiene disturbino l’ordine pubblico.
Almeno un uomo è stato messo a morte.
A maggio, una modifica alla legge in vigore ha esteso l’applicazione della pena di morte ai “tentati reati” nei casi legati al terrorismo, in violazione degli obblighi del paese in quanto stato parte dell’Iccpr2. A dicembre, il parlamento ha approvato in prima lettura una legge che introduce la pena di morte per tradimento commesso da pubblici ufficiali o personale militare.
La tortura e altri maltrattamenti sono rimasti diffusi. I perpetratori hanno continuato a godere dell’impunità.
Le persone condannate per accuse motivate politicamente hanno spesso subìto trattamenti più severi e peggiori condizioni di detenzione. Spesso sono state tenute in condizioni disumane in isolamento o è stato loro negato il diritto di fare telefonate, vedere i familiari, ricevere pacchi alimentari o fare esercizio all’aperto. Il noto attivista politico Sjarhej Cichanoŭskij, che stava scontando una condanna a 18 anni per accuse inventate, è stato ripetutamente sottoposto a tali restrizioni arbitrarie e ha trascorso più di due mesi in una cella di isolamento punitivo3.
Le autorità hanno impedito ai difensori dei diritti umani di svolgere il loro lavoro e li hanno sottoposti a detenzione arbitraria, violenze e intimidazioni. Le persone prese di mira includevano membri dell’importante organizzazione per i diritti umani Viasna, molti dei quali sono stati posti in custodia cautelare o hanno ricevuto pene detentive. A settembre, i leader incarcerati Ales Bialiatski, Valjantsin Stefanovič e Uladzimir Labkovič sono stati falsamente accusati di disordini pubblici. Il 7 ottobre, Ales Bialiatski ha ricevuto il premio Nobel per la pace insieme ad altre due organizzazioni per i diritti umani.
Marfa Rabkova e Andrei Chapyuk, in detenzione dal 2020, sono stati condannati in un processo a porte chiuse rispettivamente a 15 e sei anni di reclusione4.
Nasta Loika ha scontato almeno sei periodi di detenzione amministrativa della durata di 15 giorni per false accuse di “reato minore di teppismo”, durante i quali le sono state negati medicine e beni di prima necessità, compresi vestiti pesanti e acqua potabile. A dicembre è stata accusata del reato di “organizzazione di attività gravemente contrarie all’ordine pubblico” e trasferita in custodia cautelare.
Il sistema giudiziario ha continuato a essere ampiamente sfruttato dalle autorità per reprimere ogni dissenso e incarcerare i critici del governo, nonché per intimidire e mettere a tacere gli avvocati che li difendevano. Almeno sette avvocati sono stati accusati arbitrariamente e almeno cinque di loro sono stati arrestati. Almeno altri 17 sono stati arbitrariamente privati della licenza per esercitare la professione legale, dopo aver lavorato su casi politicamente motivati.
Le udienze sui casi politicamente motivati sono state generalmente a porte chiuse e piene di irregolarità. A luglio è stata emanata una legge per ampliare l’uso delle indagini e dei processi in assenza dell’imputato, poi utilizzata nel corso dell’anno.
Le autorità hanno intensificato gli attacchi contro alcune minoranze etniche, tra cui polacchi e lituani, in evidente ritorsione contro la Polonia e la Lituania per aver ospitato attivisti dell’opposizione in esilio e aver criticato il governo bielorusso.
I cimiteri militari dei soldati polacchi sono stati ripetutamente vandalizzati, senza che nessuno fosse chiamato a renderne conto. Il governo ha arbitrariamente vietato a due scuole della Bielorussia occidentale (sede di una consistente minoranza polacca) di insegnare in polacco e ha chiuso una scuola di lingua lituana a Hrodna. Le autorità hanno preso di mira scuole e case editrici che insegnano o pubblicano in bielorusso, sebbene sia una delle lingue ufficiali, considerandola la lingua dell’opposizione politica. Librerie bielorusse sono state chiuse e attivisti, accademici, personalità letterarie e culturali e guide turistiche di lingua bielorussa hanno subìto arresti arbitrari.
Le autorità hanno preso di mira leader e attivisti cristiani locali che si erano espressi contro la violenza della polizia durante le proteste del 2020 e il ruolo della Bielorussia nella guerra della Russia in Ucraina. A marzo, la polizia ha perquisito le case di diversi sacerdoti cattolici, detenendone arbitrariamente uno, Aljaksandr Baran, per 10 giorni e multandone un altro, Vasil Yahorau, per aver mostrato solidarietà con l’Ucraina.
Il 26 settembre, dopo un incendio sospetto, le autorità hanno rescisso l’accordo che prevedeva che una parrocchia cattolica locale utilizzasse la storica chiesa dei santi Simone ed Elena, nella capitale Minsk. Durante le manifestazioni del 2020, la chiesa aveva provocatoriamente offerto rifugio ai manifestanti che dovevano affrontare la violenza della polizia.
La qualità e la disponibilità dell’assistenza sanitaria sono rimaste gravemente compromesse, anche dal continuo esodo di operatori sanitari licenziati per motivi politici, nonché dalla carenza di determinati farmaci e attrezzature mediche a seguito delle sanzioni internazionali. Ai professionisti sanitari licenziati per aver sostenuto le proteste pacifiche nel 2020 è stato arbitrariamente rifiutato il reimpiego. Le autorità hanno sospeso le licenze di almeno sette grandi cliniche mediche private, in quella che è sembrata essere una campagna coordinata scatenata contro la fornitura indipendente di servizi sanitari.
Le autorità hanno continuato a costringere rifugiati e migranti, compresi quelli provenienti da Siria, Iraq e Afghanistan, ad attraversare il confine con Polonia, Lituania e Lettonia. Molti sono stati rimandati in Bielorussia, dove hanno subìto torture e altri maltrattamenti da parte delle guardie di frontiera e di altri funzionari, sono stati ostacolati nella richiesta di asilo o sono stati vittime di respingimenti. A marzo, secondo quanto riferito, le autorità hanno sgomberato rifugiati e migranti da un campo improvvisato nel villaggio di Bruzgi, lasciando quasi 700 persone senza riparo o sostegno, tra cui molti bambini piccoli e persone con gravi malattie e disabilità5.
Note:
1 Belarus: Free student jailed for 6.5 years for reposting criticism of Ukraine war and Lukashenka, 6 luglio.
2 Belarus: New death penalty law is the ultimate attack on human rights, 19 maggio.
3 Belarus: Jailed activist subjected to ill-treatment: Sergey Tihanovski, 5 ottobre.
4 Belarus: Harsh sentences for Rabkova and co-defendants illustrate crushing of civil society, 6 settembre.
5 Poland: Cruelty Not Compassion, at Europe’s Other Borders, 11 aprile.What is Kratom
Kratom is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia, with leaves that contain psychoactive (mind-altering) opioid compounds. The tree’s bitter leaves are consumed for mood-uplifting effects and pain relief and as an aphrodisiac. It is more commonly abused in the Asia Pacific region than the United States.
What Does It Look Like
Fresh or dried leaves. It is sometimes sold as a green powder in packets labeled “not for human consumption.” It is sometimes sold as a liquid extract or gum. Also sold in pill form (gel capsules).
How Is It Used
Chewing whole leaves, eating leaves mixed with food or brewing the dried or powdered leaves as a tea. Sometimes the leaves are smoked. Mostly abused by oral ingestion in a pill form.
What Are The Street Names/Slang Terms
Herbal Speedball, Biak-biak, Ketum, Kahuam, Ithang, Thom
What Are The Short Term Effects
At low doses can produce stimulant effects with users reporting increased energy, sociability and alertness. At higher doses users experience sedation, euphoria and decreased pain.However, there can be uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous side effects.Reported health effects of kratom use include sensitivity to sunburn, nausea, itching, sweating, dry mouth, constipation, increased urination and loss of appetite. Kratom by itself is not associated with fatal overdose, but commercial forms of the drug are sometimes laced with other compounds that have caused deaths.
What Are The Long Term Effects
Long-term users of kratom have experienced anorexia, weight loss, insomnia, dry mouth, frequent urination and constipation. Psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusion, and confusion) have been reported in some users at high doses. Consumption can lead to psychological and physical addiction. Like other opioids, kratom may cause dependence (feeling physical withdrawal symptoms when not taking the drug), and some users have reported becoming addicted to kratom. Withdrawal symptoms include: muscle aches, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggression, emotional changes, runny nose and jerky movements. Behavioral therapies and medications have not specifically been tested for treatment of kratom addiction. In recent years, some people have used kratom as an herbal alternative to medical treatment in attempts to control withdrawal symptoms and cravings caused by addiction to other opioids or to other addictive substances such as alcohol. There is no scientific evidence that kratom is effective or safe for this purpose. Evidence-based, approved medications exist and are effective at treating opioid use disorders. Learn more about medication-assisted treatment.
Source: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)رکورد تولید ۴ سال گذشته پتروشیمی بندرامام شکسته شد
عصرنفت: پتروشیمی بندرامام در سال ۱۴۰۱ با بهرهگیری مناسب از توان و دانش کارشناسان و کارکنان خود و شرکتهای دانشبنیان، موفق به تولید نزدیک به ۴ میلیون تن انواع محصولات شیمیایی و پتروشیمیایی شد که رکورد جدید تولیدی در مقایسه با چهار سال گذشته محسوب میشود.
به گزارش پایگاه خبری تحلیلی عصرنفت به نقل از پتروشیمی بندرامام، این شرکت در سال ۱۴۰۱ با منطبق کردن سیاستهای کلان خود با شعار سال که از سوی مقام معظم رهبری نامگذاری شد، توانست با تلاش کارشناسان و نخبگان خود از تنگناهای تولیدی عبور کند و با بهرهگیری مناسب از توان شرکتهای دانشبنیان در حل مسائل، در بخشهای مختلف تولیدی به شکوفایی برسد و رکوردهای تولیدی نسبت به برنامه را به ثبت برساند.
عملکرد تولیدی پتروشیمی بندرامام در مجتمع کیمیا که تولیدکننده محصولات در زنجیره کلر است به طوری بود که موفق شد در واحد وینیل کلراید (VC) با تولید بیش از ۱۷۱ هزار تن، تولید ۱۰۱ درصدی نسبت به برنامه و نیز در واحد متیل ترشیو بوتیلاتر (MTBE) بیش از ۴۸۴ هزار تن تولید، ۱۰۳ درصد نسبت به برنامه تولید را به ثبت برساند.
پتروشیمی بندرامام در مجتمع بسپاران خود هم توانست در واحدهای پلیاتیلن سبک (LD) بیش از ۱۲۲ هزار تن تولید را ثبت و نسبت به برنامه ۱۱۰ درصد تولید را محقق کند و همچنین واحد پلیاتیلن سنگین (HD) این مجتمع هم توانست بالاتر از برنامه تولید خود بیش از ۱۵۰ هزار تن محصول را به ثبت برساند.
مجتمعهای فرآورش یک و دو پتروشیمی بندرامام هم طبق برنامههای تولیدی و متناسب با خوراکهای دریافتی فعالیت تولیدی خود را محقق کردند.
همچنین مجتمع آبنیرو که وظیفه تأمین یوتیلیتی را به عهده دارد، موفق شد در این سال با پایداری و استمرار تولید به صورت مستمر و مداوم مأموریت خود همسو با تأمین یوتیلیتی واحدهای عملیاتی و تولیدی پتروشیمی بندرامام را در سطح مطلوب ایفا کند.
شایان ذکر است، پتروشیمی بندرامام در سال ۱۴۰۱ نخستین همایش تخصصی با شرکتهای دانشبنیان را با هدف حل مسائل تولیدی و استفاده از دانش ایرانی برگزار کرد و در امتداد آن با تلاش مدیران، کارشناسان و کارکنان خود، توانست در مجموع با تولید بیش از ۳ میلیون و ۹۹۱ هزار تن انواع محصولات، ۹۵.۵ درصد تولید نسبت به برنامه تدوین شده را محقق کند و بالاترین حجم تولیدات از سال ۱۳۹۶ تا کنون را به ثبت برساند.Cumartesi günü Porto Riko ve Dominik Cumhuriyeti’nin bazı bölgeleri için kasırga saatleri, bu hafta sonu bir ara kasırga koşullarını – en az 74 mil / saat sürekli rüzgarları – görebileceklerine dair şüphelerini yansıtmak için yayınlandı.
NHC, Guadeloupe ve diğer kuzeydoğu Karayip adalarını Cuma günü ve Cumartesi günü erken saatlerde şiddetli yağmur ve kuvvetli rüzgarlarla kamçılayan Fiona’nın, Cumartesi günü sabah 8’den itibaren ABD Virjin Adaları’ndaki St. Croix’in yaklaşık 145 mil güneydoğusunda Karayipler üzerinde merkezlendiğini söyledi.
Kasırga merkezi, Fiona’nın merkezinin Cumartesi ve Pazar günleri Virgin Adaları ve Porto Riko’nun yakınına veya hemen güneyine taşınması ve Pazar gecesi ve Pazartesi günü Dominik Cumhuriyeti’nin güney veya doğu kıyılarına yaklaşması bekleniyor.
Kasırga merkezi, tropik fırtına koşullarının – en az 39 mil rüzgar dahil – Cumartesi sabahı ABD ve İngiliz Virgin Adaları’na ulaşması, Cumartesi öğleden sonra ve gece Porto Riko’yu vurması ve Pazar günü Dominik Cumhuriyeti’nin bazı bölgelerine ulaşması beklendiğini söyledi. .
Fiona, Cuma günü Doğu Karayipler’e girmeden önce Çarşamba günü Atlantik üzerinde tropikal bir fırtınaya dönüştü.
Ani sel ve çamur kaymaları büyük endişe kaynağıdır
Fiona’nın şiddetli yağmuru bu hafta sonu sele ve çamur kaymalarına neden olabilir.
Kasırga merkezine göre, Porto Riko’nun yanı sıra ABD Virgin Adaları’nın başka yerlerinde de yerel kıyı taşkınları mümkün.
Kasırga merkezine göre her yerde ne kadar yağmur bekleniyor:
• Guadeloupe dahil Leeward Adaları ve kuzey Windward Adaları: 2-4 inç zaten aldıklarının üstüne.
• İngiliz ve ABD Virjin Adaları ve Porto Riko: 4-6 inç, 10 inçlik izole alanlar mümkün.
• Porto Riko: 5-10 inç, izole edilmiş alanlar 16 inç olabilir.
• Dominik Cumhuriyeti: 4-8 inç, izole edilmiş alanlar 12 inç olabilir. özellikle uzak doğu kıyılarında.
• Haiti: 1-3 inç, izole maksimum toplam 4 inç.
• Turks ve Caicos Adaları: 4-10 inç.
CNN meteorologları, o zamandan beri adayı birkaç tropik fırtınanın geçtiğini, ancak Dorian’ın kasırga gücünde 50 mil içinde geçen son fırtına olduğunu söyledi.Il cinque volte Pallone d’Oro Cristiano Ronaldo, è stato intervistato da Alessandro Del Piero in occasione delle
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e i suoi guerrieri, i Fianna Éireann.
È uno dei quattro cicli maggiori della mitologia irlandese, insieme al Ciclo mitologico, il Ciclo dell'Ulster e il Ciclo storico. Il Ciclo Feniano, in ordine di tempo, è il terzo ciclo, collocandosi tra il Ciclo dell'Ulster e il Ciclo storico.
Il Ciclo Feniano spesso viene chiamato Ciclo Ossianico, perché si pensava che il figlio di Fionn, Oisín, avesse scritto la maggior parte dei poemi del ciclo. Il ciclo contiene anche storie di altri membri dei Fianna, tra i quali Caílte, Diarmuid, il figlio di Oisín Oscar e il nemico di Fionn, Goll mac Morna.
Indice
Sommario della trama[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Cormac mac Art, l'Alto Re d'Irlanda creò i Fianna, una coalizione di clan, per assicurare la difesa del regno. Il Fianna erano dominati dal Clan Bascna, guidato da Cumhal, e dal Clan Morna, guidato da Goll, e Liath Luachra era il loro tesoriere.
Dopo la battaglia di Knock, Cumhal fu ucciso dai Morna e la borsa con il tesoro del Clan Bascna fu rubata. La moglie di Cumhal, Muirne, scappò via e aveva un figlio, Demna, che fu accudito da due donne guerriere, Liath e dalla druidessa Bodhmall. Muirne sposò il re della Contea di Kerry.
L'ascesa di Fionn[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Demna fu chiamato Fionn perché aveva i capelli biondi. Diventato adulto, decide di vendicarsi: uccise Liath Luachra e ritrovò la borsa del tesoro, che poi consegnò ai sopravvissuti della battaglia di Knock. Mentre stava studiando con il poeta Finn Eces, Fionn accidentalmente mangiò il salmone della saggezza e, dopo aver superato tre ardue prove, fu ammesso alla corte dell'Alto Re a Tara. Dopo essere stato ammesso, Fionn diventò il leader del Clan Bascna.
Fionn e Aillén[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
A ogni Samhain, il goblin Aillén mac Midgna, o Aillén l'Incendiario, terrorizzava Tara, suonando la sua arpa la cui musica toglieva la forza a ogni guerriero. Usando un'asta magica che lo rendeva immune dalla musica, Fionn uccise il goblin. Come premio Fionn fu nominato leader dei Fianna, sostituendo Goll, che gli aveva giurato fedeltà.
Fionn e Sadbh[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Fionn stava cacciando un daino ma, quando lo prese, i suoi cani Bran e Sceolang non gli permisero di ucciderlo e il daino si trasformò in una donna bellissima, Sadbh. Sadbh era stata trasformata in daino dal druido Fer Doirich, ma l'incantesimo era stato spezzato dal Dun di Allen, la residenza di Fionn. Finché fosse rimasta nel Dun, Sadbh sarebbe stata al riparo dall'incantesimo. I due si sposarono. Qualche tempo dopo, Fionn uscì per respingere alcuni invasori e Sadbh rimase nel Dun. Fer Doirich prese le sembianze di Fionn, attirando Sadbh fuori dal Dun, così immediatamente lei si ritrasformò in daino. Fionn la cercò, ma trovò solo un ragazzo, a cui diede il nome di Oisín, che era stato allevato da un daino. Oisín diventò famoso come bardo e Sadbh non fu vista mai più.
La Battaglia di Gabhra[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Tra la nascita di Oisin e la battaglia di Gabhra si svolge il resto del ciclo, molto lungo e troppo complicato da riassumere qui. Alla fine l'Alto Re Cormac morì e suo figlio Cairbre Lifechair decise di distruggere i Fianna, perché non voleva pagare le tasse per la protezione che i Fianna richiedevano. Cairbre Lifechair raccolse un esercito insieme ad altri leader scontenti e provocò la guerra uccidendo il servitore di Fionn. Nella battaglia che seguì, Goll passò dalla parte del re contro il Clan Bascna. Alcune storie dicono che cinque guerrieri uccisero Fionn durante la battaglia, mentre altre dicono che Fionn morì nella battaglia del Guado di Brea, ucciso da Aichlech Mac Dubdrenn. In ogni caso, sopravvissero alla battaglia solo venti guerrieri, tra i quali Oisín e Caílte.
Opere collegate[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
- The Boyhood Deeds of Fionn
- Acallam na Senórach
- The Pursuit of Diarmuid and Grainne
- The Battle of Gabhra美瑞健康世界(02327)发布布告，于2019年4月20日，云南汉素及其控股股东汉麻出资集团有限公司与加拿大公司ACGT DNA Technologies Corporation缔结出资协议。
依据出资协议，云南汉素赞同认购ACGT的35%权益以成为ACGT单一最大股东，云南汉素收买ACGT股份是汉麻集团与ACGT战略协作的重要一步。
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国家，大麻工业开展处于世界领先水平。该次协作也是云南汉素及美瑞健康世界的工业大麻事务世界扩展进程的又一标志性事情。
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ACGT向汉麻集团声明并确保，据ACGT所知，到紧随认购事项交割之后，ACGT任何一名股东所持有ACGT的普通股皆不多于汉麻集团。
布告显现，自出资协议日期起，ACGT有权作为汉麻集团及其联属公司的独家代理，直接或间接在加拿大或从加拿大获取、收购或出口各种类型的大麻类植物(Cannabis)及大麻苜蓿科植物(Hemp)
及其任何提取物或衍生物，包含大麻素和相关产品，而汉麻集团及其联属公司也将经过ACGT从加拿大取得、收购或进口大麻相关产品进入我国。
ACGT应尽合理尽力向相关监管组织请求取得ACGT在加拿大任何所需许可证或同意，以从加拿大取得、收购或出口大麻相关产品至我国，汉麻集团应供给任何必要的帮忙，以支撑 ACGT取得此许可证或同意。
认购事项交割后，汉麻集团及ACGT将讨论凭借ACGT在基因研讨方面的优势开发新生物制药产品的可行性。
据悉，ACGT公司成立于1995年，致力于寡核苷酸组成和DNA测序服务超越20年，为医院和大学实验室以及本地、加拿大和全球医用大麻公司供给产品和服务。该公司已请求大麻栽培提取车牌，并致力于打造大麻基生物制药的世界知名企业。
(责任编辑：DF376)Normandiya'daki eski bir evi yenilerken, tüm duvarlar yeniden yapıldı. Evin eğimi, arka duvara beton enjekte edildi ve bir mühür koydu. Çok büyük bir boru kırıldığında, su damlama duvardan geçmeyi başardı. Uzman bu kısmı yeniden yaptı. Yine de yağmur yağdığında, ikinci tur birkaç gün sonra kaybolan bir nem ağı oluşturmayı başarır. Ne yapmalıyız? Dış duvarın 3 m'nin üzerinde kazması gerektiğini bilerek iç duvarı yeniden açmalı mıyız?
Durumun açıklamasında, yapılan tedavinin zayıf yönleri olduğu görülmektedir. Bu rahatsızlıkları not almak, işi yapan şirkete ve işi düzeltmesini istemek gerekir. Sorunu çözme ve yapılacak işin önemi arasında en uygun kararı vermek bu profesyonellerin görevidir.
Uygulanan çözümler teknik olarak iyi görünüyor, ancak açıkça yetersiz. Vakıfların dışına müdahale etmenin imkansızlığı veya zorluğu varsa, bir iç kılıf iyi bir çözüm olmazsa ilgililere bakın.
Aynı temada
- Soru / Cevap
- 5 soruda saç sorunları ortaya çıkıyor
- Islak duvarlar nasıl önlenir?
- Nemli bir duvarı nasıl havalandırırsınız?
- Eski bir evde nem
- DIY ipuçları
- Nem riskleri nasıl teşhis edilir?
- Çatılar, duvarlar ve cepheler için köpük önleyici
Bu ilginizi çekebilirDetaylar
Diğer Adları:Black Snake Moan - IMDb
Senaryo:Craig Brewer
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I. The Names. I cannot find that this Plant was ever known to the Greeks for which reason it has no Greek name : or yet that the Ancient Romans had any knowledge thereof: but our Modem Authors call it in Latin, Brassica florida, Caulk Jwrida, Cauli flora, Brassica Cypria, in English, Cole Flowers, and Colle-Flowers.
II. The Kinds It is a singular Plant, but is certainly one of the Kinds of Coleworts : and that Species, which Pliny lib. 19. cap. 8. calls Brassica Pom-peiana.
III. The Description. It has a Root spread out into several pretty thick Branches, which are full of Fibres or Strings, from which spring forth divers large Leaves, which are large, of a whitish green color ; very like to Cabbage leaves slightly indented about the edges, yet smaller, narrower somewhat, and Sharper pointed than those of Cabbage : In the midst of which Leaves, sometimes in the beginning of Autumn, and sometimes sooner, there rises up a great white Head of white hard Flowers closely thrust together, sometimes they are of a Milk, or Cream, or yellowish white color : these never open, or spread much with us, and are then fittest for the Table, the green Leaves being cut away close to the Head: in <ut the other parts, the Plant is like to the Coleworts. These Flowers have a much pleasanter taste, than either Coleworts or Cabbages of any kind, and therefore are the mere Valuable as for Food.
IV. The Places. They grow in most parts of Europe, but very plentifully in England, Scotland and Ireland, and are only nourished up in Gardens.
V. The Times. The Colle-flower must be planted in April in a Bed of hot Horse-dung, and covered with Straw, or the like, to keep it from cold and frosty Mornings _·, and having gotten about fix Leaves, then it is to be removed into the place where you design it shall grow. The Flowers are in their Prime in most of the Summer Months.
VI. The Qualities, Specification, Preparations and Virtues, are the same with Cabbages and Coleworts, of which we have already spoken in Cap. 103. and 143. aforegoing, to which you are referred : only take this Note, That for the Table and Food, this is much the more excellent and noble Plant. Note also, That being boiled in Milk, and then eaten with Sweet fresh Butter, and Salt, and Juice of Limons, they have been found to restore admirably in Consumptions.China's World War II 1937-1945: Forgotten Ally
Contributor: Andrew Nguyen
Review Date: 13 May 2015
When most people think of the Allies of World War II, they usually think of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union. China sometimes enters the conversation although more as a peripheral ally due to the inefficient capabilities that it brought to the conflict. However, China was the first to feel the weight of the aggression from the nations that would eventually make up the Axis, which in this case was Japan. Despite enduring immense suffering to the point at times of considering ceasing resistance against Japan, China pressed on with its war of resistance and eventually its efforts would contribute to the ultimate victory Allies. Furthermore the events that led up to the war as well as the war itself played a pivotal role in shaping China to this very day as well as that of its relations with the world.
As the 20th century dawned, China was amongst the countries in the world affected by the rampant scramble by the west for colonies all over the world. While nominally under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, China had undergone many decades of humiliation by the Western Powers with Japan following them decades after the West dragged Japan (at times kicking and screaming) out of its self-imposed isolation.
Not surprisingly, this created resentment amongst the population and rebellions wracked China during this period with anger against the leaders at the time as well as the nations that had footholds onto China. Into this story stepped three people who would play a pivotal role in China's future. History knows two of them as Chiang Kei Shiek and Mao Zedong. The third person, Wang Jingwei does not have much notoriety in the west but in both China and Taiwan, he is the standard-bearer China uses to define traitors as he collaborated with the hated Imperial Japan. Before the war would engulf the three, they also served in their own way under the legendary Chinese revolutionary figure Sun Yat-Sen with Wang being the most closest to Sun. Though born in different circumstances and taking different paths to different fates, these three and the organizations that they would lead would play their own respective roles as China navigated through the first half of the 20th century before enduring a war at the hands of its island neighbor Japan that would change it along with the world forever.
In addition to the hellish battles that China endured, it would also have to endure political intrigue amongst the three men and in the chase of Chiang and Wang, domestic discontent as the war inflicted immense hardship on the population, both at the front and in the rear areas. On the foreign policy front, all three leaders would have to deal with allies who often treated the Chinese leaders poorly with Chiang and the British and Americans (particularly in the form of Joseph Stilwell), Mao with the Soviet Union, and Wang with Japan. Despite having to deal with multiple domestic problems alongside the Japanese invasion, a situation could have broken another nation, Chiang's China, along with some assistance from Mao, preserved against all the odds to emerge as one of the victorious Allies powers of World War II.
Tragically, it would not be the end of China's troubles for the exertions of the Nationalist Chinese along with the widespread corruption in the government allowed Mao Zedong's Communist Chinese to gain the upper hand and eventually triumph in 1949 as Chiang and his followers fled to Taiwan. As for Wang, he would die from accumulated injuries in 1944, virtually condemned forever more by China as a traitor despite his earlier dedication to his homeland.
Fittingly, the book ends with an epilogue that detailed how both sides of the Chinese civil war interpreted the events of the war with the particular surprise being that of the People's Republic of China. At first, the communist Chinese focused completely on their own sacrifices to the point of ignoring most of the atrocities that Imperial Japan inflicted. It would not be until the economic reforms of the 1980s when the communist government began to acknowledge the efforts of the Chinese Nationalists in the war against Japan while also taking on the familiar tone of lecturing Japan about confronting Japan's dark past. Ironically, Japanese authors during the 1970s would be the first to bring Nanking back into the light. In making the changes to its economic model, the People's Republic of China began to fall more in line with the vision Chiang had than with that of Mao (despite the fact that no direct criticism of Mao and the communist party is allowed, which continues to this day). Finally, China has used the experience of the war to justify itself as a great power and as a former allied power of equal standing and contribution with the US, Britain, and Russia.
Despite the fact that some records about the war in China are probably still hidden from the public, this book is part of a recent wave of books that serve as an attempt to give China its fair share in the Allied victory, in a manner similar to what the history of the Eastern Front has undergone in recent years.
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flow pushed temperatures up to 80°F and dew points down below 0°F, resulting in relative humidity values as low as 4%. Image credit: NOAA/NWS.|
The NWS Storm Prediction Center expects another period of critical fire weather to take shape across the Southern California foothills from late Sunday into early next week.
Jeff Masters co-wrote this post.
California is facing monstrous wildfires, again. #CampFire #WoolseyFire— Robert Rohde (@RARohde) November 9, 2018
The last 6 months have been among the hottest and driest May to Oct in California history, which increases the risk of explosive fires.
A changing climate is increasing the wildfire risk in California. pic.twitter.com/ILnAmA8AXYApple'ın iPhone X’in kilidinin sadece tek bir yüzle açılmasını sağlayan güvenlik ve mahremiyet önlemi olan 'Face ID' teknolojisi, ABD'nin Federal Soruşturma Bürosu'nun (FBI) müdahalesine uğradı.Forbes dergisi, bir çocuk istismarı soruşturması kapsamında 10 Ağustos'ta Ohio eyaletinin Columbus kentinde zanlının evinde arama yapan FBI ajanlarının, iPhone kilidini açmak için 'Face ID' teknolojisini kullandıklarını yazdı.
Buna göre daha sonra çocuk pornografisi edinmek ve bulundurmaktan resmen suçlanacak olan 28 yaşındaki Grant Michalski hakkında ellerinde arama emri bulunan federaller, Michalski'ye yüzünü telefonun önüne koymasını söyledi, o da bunu yerine getirdi.
Böylece kilidi açtıran federaller, Michalski'nin iPhone X’den yürüttüğü online sohbet, foto ve diğer ilgili materyallerin bazısını elde etti.
ARAMA EMRİNİN SEBEBİ
Diğer yandan Michalski'nin iPhone X’i için çıkarılan arama emrinin yazılı beyanında, Michalski ile bir diğer zanlı olan William Weekley'nin mesajlaşma ve yazışma yoluyla ensest ve reşit olmayanlarla seks konusunda sohbet ettikleri, buna Weekley'nin kendi kızıyla cinsel eylemlerde bulunmasının dahil olduğu kaydedilmişti.Drawing, Butterfly House, Auburn, AL: Concept Sketches, 1997
This is a Drawing. It was architect: Samuel Mockbee and drafted by Samuel Mockbee. It is dated 1997 and we acquired it in 2001. Its medium is pen and black ink on heavy cream paper. It is a part of the Drawings, Prints, and Graphic Design department.
One of the most important and innovative architects working today, Samuel Mockbee was among the architects featured in the museum’s National Design Triennial exhibition in 2000. He was also a National Design Award finalist in 2000 and a recipient of the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship “Genius Grant.”
Mockbee works in two capacities. His private firm with Coleman Coker—Mockbee-Coker Architects, established in 1986 in Memphis, Tennessee—focuses on site-specific architecture that relates to the topography and the history of the locale. In addition to his private practice, Mockbee also runs an alternative practice, Rural Studio, in connection with his teaching architecture at Auburn University in Alabama. In 1993, Mockbee co-founded Rural Studio with Dennis K. Ruth, who was then head of the School of Architecture at Auburn. Rural Studio’s vision was to develop low-cost, innovative housing for people in a poor, rural community, while providing hands-on experience to university architecture students and encouraging a strong social conscience in architectural work. Since its inception, Rural Studio has brought design and architecture directly to the citizens of Hale County, Alabama, working with county administration to find families in need, ascertain their housing requirements, and design and construct a home using recycled and inexpensive materials. Rural Studio has gained international recognition as a model of alternative architectural practice and education.
One of Rural Studio’s most innovative homes is the Harris House, built between 1996–98 for Anderson and Ora Lee Harris. The home is also known as the Butterfly House due to its sharply pitched roof structure, which channels rainwater into cisterns for reuse. The roof covers an open porch, a central design element since the family spent much of their time away from the house’s heat in the relative cool of the outdoors. Ramps and wide doorways allow for the elderly Mrs. Harris’s wheelchair. Low-cost materials and recycled wood from a nearby 105-year-old church kept the building's cost to the project budget of $30,000.
The drawing documents many of the key design challenges, and it is also visually interesting. It shows a series of 12 sketches including the plan, elevations, and sections of the house. The Y-shaped plan at the bottom of the sheet shows the two wings of the house with porch in the middle. The elevation above indicates the placement of fans above the doorways to circulate warm air in the winter and draw in cool air in the summer. Above are different elevations of the “butterfly” roof. Since Rural Studio does not produce many concept or design development drawings for their projects, this sheet is rare and especially significant.
Gail S. Davidson with Marilyn Symmes
Our curators have highlighted 4 objects that are related to this one. Here are three of them, selected at random:
Its dimensions are
35.5 x 43.0 cm (14 x 16 15/16 in. )
It is signed
Signed in pen and black ink, lower right: Mockbee '97
It is inscribed
Inscribed in pen and black ink, lower left: "Butterfly House"/(@ Rural Studio); on drawing, at lower center: bed/kit/living/porch
Cite this object as
Drawing, Butterfly House, Auburn, AL: Concept Sketches, 1997; Architect: Samuel Mockbee (American, 1944 – 2001); USA; pen and black ink on heavy cream paper; 35.5 x 43.0 cm (14 x 16 15/16 in. ); Museum purchase from General Acquisitions Endowment Fund; 2001-5-1In Mexico, the Nahuatl (Aztec language) name for this plant is “cacalloxochitl” which means “crow flower.” It was used for many medicinal purposes such as salves and ointments.
Depending on location, many other common names exist: “Kembang Kamboja” in Indonesia, “Temple Tree” or “Champa” in India, “Calachuchi” in the Philippines, “Araliya” or “Pansal Mal” in Sri Lanka, “Champey” in Cambodia, “Champa” in Laos, “Hoa Su” in Vietnamese, “Lantom” or “Leelaawadee” in Thai. In Brazil it is called Dama da Noite (“Lady of the Night”). Many English speakers also simply use the generic name “plumeria”.
Plumeria flowers are most fragrant at night in order to lure sphinx moths to pollinate them. The flowers have no nectar, and simply dupe their pollinators. The moths inadvertently pollinate them by transferring pollen from flower to flower in their fruitless search for nectar.
In several Pacific islands, such as Tahiti, Fiji, Hawaii, New Zealand, Tonga and the Cook Islands Plumeria is used for making leis. In modern Polynesian culture, it can be worn by women to indicate their relationship status – over the right ear if seeking a relationship, and over the left if taken.《最后生还者》（The Last of Us） 2013.6.14
《最后生还者》由顽皮狗工作室开发，游戏设定在末日之后的美国，乔尔和艾莉在旅程中相扶持作战以求存活。
游戏中，玩家可以奔跑、攀爬、使用手电筒、近战肉搏、升级武器、使用和制造物品。在黑暗中靠着手电筒和聆听模式探索危机四伏的黑暗地段。而末日生存，最危险的莫过于人心，除了要遇到各种感染者外，还要与靠掠夺维生的“猎人”以及火萤成员为战。
顽皮狗还从《ICO》和《生化危机 4》中得到了启发。设计师将这些灵感融合，想制作出尽可能逼真的生存恐怖游戏。而配乐则是由两届奥斯卡奖最佳原创配乐得主古斯塔沃·桑塔欧拉拉创作。为了契合故事的基调，整体配乐风格重点落在了调动情绪上，而不是营造恐怖氛围。
游戏在 Metacritic 获得了 95 分的高分，《PlayStation 官方杂志》给予了满分评价，将《最后生还者》评为“一款艺术之作，通过杰出的视觉与声效带来了一场令人赞叹不已、让人完全投入的末日冒险。”
《最后生还者》发售后很快成为最畅销的游戏之一，第一周销量超过 130 万份，发布三周后售出超过 340 万台，到 2018 年 4 月销量为 1700 万。游戏得到来自多个游戏出版物、评论家和游戏颁奖的青睐，最终赢得了包括年度游戏在内，超过 200 个来自游戏业界的奖项。
《合金装备：爱国者之枪》（Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots） 2008.6.12
尽管目前人人喊打，不过在 PS3 时代，提到科乐美，那可是个响当当的名头。《合金装备 4 爱国者之枪》由科乐美发行，小岛秀夫执导，这也是他执导的第六款合金装备游戏。
在近未来的 4 代，科技已经研发出了能像章鱼一样迅速、自由变换体色一样的迷彩。这种迷彩可以迅速模拟周边的环境，从而达到更高的隐蔽性。原有的雷达系统也更新换代，成为了全新的威胁环系统。当敌人接近，威胁环会产生小波浪表示敌人的动向。而心理战的引入使得 MGS4 中的战斗更加贴近现实；当斯内克用枪指着敌人时，会令对方心理产生波动，有时候可以达到令其不战自退的效果。
压力因素的加入咋一看像是恶趣味，实则进一步丰富玩法：压力会带给斯内克压力，让玩家更难瞄准，且受到伤害时会昏倒。而恢复方法包括吃吃喝喝、抽烟或阅读成人杂志。
《合金装备：爱国者之枪》得到了极高的媒体评价， IGN, GameSpot 和法米通均给出了满分，游戏被认为是第七代主机游戏中最重要的游戏之一。
根据科乐美的说法，MGS4 在欧洲首周销售了超过 100 万份；在美国，MGS4 是 2008 年 6 月最畅销的游戏，甚至带动了 PS3 销量的上升。截至 2009 年 12 月，游戏已在全球售出超过 500 万份，直到《GT 赛车 5》发售前都是最畅销的 PlayStation 3 独占游戏。在 2014 年 5 月 21 日，游戏全球已经售出 600 万份。
《小小大星球》（LittleBigPlanet） 2008.10.27
《小小大星球》系列一直以来都非常重视用户创造内容，并打出了以“游玩、创造、分享”为核心的口号，即：单人或在线与其他人一起玩，使用游戏中的工具创造关卡，以及与其他玩家在线共享。
在《小小大星球》的前两作中，游戏以 2D 平台跳跃和解密玩法为主。并且随着系列发展，添加了更多自由度，放手让玩家发挥，使游戏从传统平台游戏变得多样化。不负众望，在玩家手里，游戏被玩出了花，诞生了赛车、格斗、射击、体育等类型。此外，玩家还可以在游戏里制作例如音乐和过场动画。
该系列中的大多数游戏都受到了评论家的好评，在 Metacritic，游戏的 PS3 和 PSP 版本分别获得了 95/100 和 87/100 的评分；续作《小小大星球 2》也保持了高质量，平均得分为 91/100；PSV 版本在发行时排名最高的 PSV 游戏；然而，系列第三部作品的发售并没有得到业界的青睐，获得了 79/100 的评价。不过，麻布仔（Sackboy）形象早已深入人心。
《剪刀王子》（Puppeteer） 2013.9.10
《剪刀王子》由曾经手过不少经典作品的 SCE 日本工作室制作。整个游戏以“木偶戏”为主题，幕布营造出剧场的氛围，而高品质的 3D 建模与灯光巧妙配合，让角色如同置身于舞台。
玩家在游戏中的主要任务是控制小男孩在木偶世界里找回自己的脑袋，用一把神奇的魔法剪刀披荆斩棘。剪刀不仅能用来战斗，也是解密的关键。
《剪刀王子》提供多种不同游玩方式，能以单人、双人模式进行，2P 玩者可选择以无线控制器或也能使用 PS Move 动态控制器操作。双人游玩时，会由不同的玩家分别操作各一名角色，当一名玩家操纵主角负责闯关，另一名玩家会负责控场与收集道具，考验着两人的默契。不论是小孩或大人均能乐在其中。
不过，游戏 26 万份的销量对于制作组来说并不是个好消息，或许正因为如此，也一直没有续作的消息。
《恶魔之魂》（Demon’s Souls） 2009.10.6
《恶魔之魂》是第一款由宫崎英高主导开发的魂系列游戏，另外索尼互动娱乐日本工作室也参与了本作的监制。
游戏的设定为之后的魂系列定下了基调。每当玩家在关卡中死亡时便会重新回到关卡起点，敌人都会再次刷新。另外玩家一旦死亡就会变成灵体状态，不仅生命值上限大幅降低，而且身上携带的灵魂全数掉落。并且要是玩家在碰触血迹前又再次死亡的话便会永久失去那些灵魂。
名为“世界倾向”和“人物倾向”的系统也会对游戏方式造成影响，玩家的某些行为可能会导致“白化”或“黑化”。当世界白化后，敌人会变得较弱，但获得的灵魂量与掉落道具会减少；反之在黑化后，敌人变得更强，但可获得更多灵魂与道具。人物倾向的白化或黑化也会让玩家的攻击力产生变化。
《恶魔之魂》于 2008 年 10 月上旬通过法米通杂志首次公布，游戏在东京游戏展(TGS) 上公开展示。索尼总裁吉田修平也对这款游戏不屑一顾。当他进行测试时，花了两个小时玩游戏，但未能走出初始区域，称其为“令人难以置信的糟糕游戏”。也正是由于这些负面反馈，索尼决定不针对西方市场进行本地化游戏。
与 Fami 通给出了 9/7/7/6 的评价，总分仅为 29 分的情况相比，欧美地区的评价却更为积极，Metacritic 的平均评论分数为 89/100。美国官方 PlayStation 杂志在对这款游戏评价的表示，《恶魔之魂》是“留给受苦玩家的最好礼物。“
根据宫崎英高的说法，《恶魔之魂》在日本的最初销售缓慢，加上出现的部分负面反应，使团队担心游戏会遭遇大危机，因此初期出货量比较谨慎。但就算没有宣传造势，游戏在发行当月销量依然达到 15 万份。到 2010 年 4 月，这款游戏的销量是最初估计的三倍。截至 2011 年，在全球已经售出超过 100 万份。
《无尽传说》（Tales of Xillia） 2013.8.6
《无尽传说》是南梦宫万代发行，是是传说系列作品正编的第 13 部作品，同样为系列 15 周年纪念的作，主题为“信念坚定不移的 RPG”（揺るぎなき信念のRPG）。另外，开发公司南梦宫传说工作室在本作发表后公司被南梦宫万代游戏合并，本作是公司的最后的波纹。
本作有着四种可玩的角色职业可选，每个角色职业都有自己独特的战斗技能和法术咒语。 玩家可以在人类、魔物和精灵们共生共存的异世界里冒险，收集数百种道具、以及魔法物品，并培养自己的角色，与超过一百五十种类型，五十种独特外观的怪物们战斗。
《无尽传说》获得了 PlayStation Awards 投票的用户选择奖。法米通也对游戏称赞有加。游戏的英文本地化版本还获得了 2013 年卫星奖杰出角色扮演游戏的提名。在日本，《无尽传说》是系列中预购量最多的作品，一周内售出 50 万份；在北美，《无尽传说》是 2013 年 8 月 PlayStation Network 上最畅销的游戏之一。截至 2013 年 12 月，游戏在全球的销量已超过 100 万份。
《胖公主》（Fat Princess） 2009.7.30
《胖公主》是一款最多 32 名玩家的多人游戏，其基本目标是营救公主并将她带回团队基地。
游戏中玩家分为红蓝两队，每队最多 16 名成员。为了让对手的任务更加困难，玩家可以喂公主吃下蛋糕。随着投喂量增加，她的体重也不断增长，双方都将会更难带回她各自的城堡。游戏内每位角色都有自己独特的能力。此外还可以从地图上收集资源，使用木材和矿石等建造防御工事和攻城设备。除了一些角色可以升级外，部分角色有随着时间的推移积攒特殊能力槽，一旦蓄满就可以使用特殊的能力。海盗可以发射炮弹，忍者可以隐身，巨人可以吃掉敌人并恢复生命。
根据 Metacritic 评分，游戏获得了大多数好评，不过关于公主的形象却引来了批评。一些女权主义团体批评游戏，指责它强化了刻板印象并助长了对超重女性的偏见。
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你的家人，我会一直祝福你。
我眼里隐隐有些潮湿，初夏跳起来拍拍我的肩膀。
走，我带你去一个地方。
她似又恢复活力的样子，刚才低沉悲伤的初夏仿佛是一个幻觉。
我们坐上开往城市郊区的汽车，一路上初夏紧紧抓住我的手，手心汗湿，可是一点也不在意。
那是一片废弃的铁轨，两旁开满了蓝紫色的花朵，落日余晖洒在上面，别样的美丽。
漂亮吧。初夏像献宝似的看着我，嘴里叼着一根狗尾巴草说，小时候挨婶婶的打，有一次离家出走发现这个地方，后来一旦遇上无论好的不好的事情我就会来这里。 隆冬，现在我把它送给你了，这是属于我们两个人的地方。
风声强劲，我张开双臂用力呼吸，心脏有顿顿的疼痛，脸色苍白。
我说，初夏，我们要一直在一起，我不会离开你，所以你也不要离开我。 好不好？
初夏伸手拿掉放进嘴里的草叶子，拍拍我的脸，笑着说，傻姑娘。
我们一起躺下来看天空的云朵，初夏感叹，如果真的有轮回的话，下辈子愿意只做一片小小的云，在天空中自由的飞，偶尔遇到干旱的地方就把自己变成雨水滴落下来，一辈子，又简单又快乐。
我侧着脸看初夏说话，觉得一切都很虚无，生命无常，谁也无法预知下一秒会发生什么，而我只是尽力过好每一天，希望就算在某一天突然死去也没有什么遗憾。
说真的，隆冬，如果有下辈子你要做什么？初夏一脸好奇。
我笑笑，摇摇头。
切，没劲。初夏撇撇嘴，眯着眼睛好像要睡着。我闭上眼睛，享受这一刻的静谧时光。
那天我们很久才回去，天空已经是低迷的黑色了，和初夏在街口分开。刚走进家门便发现不同寻常的气息，庆慈坐在沙发上脸色不好，林之焕沉默不语，林麟则跪在毛毯上，空气中弥漫着一股压抑着的感觉。
发生什么事了？我看着林麟，不明白他为什么要跪着。林之焕朝我摆摆手，示意我上楼。
我慢慢踱着步子上楼，走进自己的房间，却并没有关紧房门。客厅里传来林之焕暴怒的声音。
林麟，你到底认不认错！
我没错！我虽看不见林麟的表情，但也知道他此时必是挺直腰毫不畏惧的看着林之焕。到底生活了十余年，我想我对林麟时了解的，只是好奇，林麟到底做了什么，惹了林之焕从来没有过的暴怒。更有甚者，一直没有听见庆慈开口为林麟说话。
我告诉你林麟，我不会一直纵容你，不认错，你就一直跪着。说完重重拍着桌子，反了你。
深夜，林之焕与庆慈回房休息，客厅里的灯是熄的，月光洒进来，勾勒出林麟倔强的身影。我蹑手蹑脚的下楼梯走到林麟身边，他抬头看见是我吃了一惊。说，隆冬，你怎么下来了，大半夜的你身体不好，回去睡觉吧。
我斜睨他一眼说，你也知道是大半夜啊。走到厨房拿出几片面包和一杯水递给他。林麟接过去慢慢吃完，却依旧跪着，我说，他们都在睡觉，你可以起来活动活动的。
他摇摇头，看着窗外的月光，把杯子放在地上说，我一定要让他们同意。
什么？我还是疑惑。
林麟温柔的笑了起来，眉毛弯弯的，不像平时捉弄人的样子。
他说，隆冬，我不要参加高考，今天我已经去学校撤销了考试资格。
我倒抽了一口凉气，难怪他们那么生气。林之焕只有林麟这一个儿子，未来公司也是交由他来打理，对他期望亦是很高，如今连高考也不准备参加，可以想到对他们而言是有多么失望。
看见我沉默，林麟说，我知道他们失望，恨我不争气，可是隆冬你应该知道，这是我的一生，我应该是有选择的。 我不喜欢读书，将来也不想接受爸爸的公司，我只是想有自己的生活，我知道这样说很自私，可是我就是无法甘愿。
林麟的脸上有颓唐的色彩，我想我是能够理解的。可是理解并不代表就会接受，每个人都有自己的职责，命运有时半点由不得旁人。
我去房间拿了一块毛毯给他，虽是夏天了，可夜里还有有些凉，回房间之前我对林麟说，林之焕是不会同意的。就连庆慈也不会同意。
他低下头说我知道，可我还是想要试一试。
后来的很多时光里我一直记得林麟那个夜晚独自跪在客厅月光下的身影，那么坚定，可是又脆弱。古时候说皇帝，在其位谋其职，很多事情都是别无选择。林麟是林之焕的儿子，虽然他有自己的想法，可是当想法背离了他的责任时，那么一切想法就是错的。
一连几天林之焕都没有给林麟好的脸色，庆慈一直默默劝服他，高考最后一段时间休课，林麟不用去学校，吃完早餐我一个人坐车走，林之焕不放心我，却也一时半会顾及不来，还要再家看着林麟，于是让庆慈送我。
车上庆慈同我说话，为了林麟的事情，她只有一个儿子，不希望林麟做错误的事情。
她说，隆冬，我知你与我并不十分亲近，可林麟一直带你如同亲妹妹，这次他有了荒唐的想法，若不及时纠正，未来可能就毁了。我希望你能尽力去劝劝他。
我看着她，十多年来，庆慈一直保养得宜，与最初见到时并没有太大差别，说实话，她与母亲其实很像，温柔静雅，且都很爱自己的孩子。心里对她亦是尊敬的，于是我点头对她说，我试试。 她的脸上有欣慰，拍拍我的手背。汽车到达学校，她说，隆冬，谢谢你。
穿过大半个校园到教室，整个校园的绿化其实做的挺好的，大片的香樟树，每条校园小道都拥有一片阴凉。走到湖泊的时候看见初夏的表哥赵墨，他穿着白衬衫，手里拿着一本笔记，站在那里，脸上有焦急的神色，似乎在等人。
嗨。我走过去，打声招呼，他看见是我，便直直挡在我面前。
隆冬，初夏不见了。
赵墨的眼里有真切的着急，我感觉脑袋轰了一声炸开了。初夏不见了，可是她才十七岁，没有谋生能力，她能去哪？ ‘隆冬，我不想读书了，高中毕业我就出去。’ 耳边响起前几日初夏对我说的话，那时听着心里有些许感伤，可是也不十分在意，况且，不是说毕业以后吗？
你说什么？我希望只是赵墨和我开玩笑，初夏没有离开，只是在某个拐落躲着看着我们，一旦我们相信她便跳出来，像往常一样快乐的嘲笑我们。 可是这次好像是真的不一样了，赵墨急急的扯着我的袖子说，你和初夏关系最好，她出走应该会告诉你的。
我不知道啊，我真的不知道，昨天我们还在一起说话，可是她什么也没有说呀。怎么会这样？看着赵墨懊悔的脸，脑子里好像有什么一闪而过，我抓住赵墨问，是不是你对初夏做过什么？
初夏就住在你家，她与家人关系不好，可是唯独亲近喜欢你。所以能让初夏要出走的理由只有你。我言辞灼灼，看见赵墨痛苦的抓着头发蹲了下来。
是我太心急了。赵墨喃喃说。
这些天发生的事情太多，我的脑子有些怔忪，林麟的事，初夏的事，我的事。人生是一出一出的惊喜剧吗？ 为什么我感觉不到喜，只有惊呢？
那天我没有去教室，我跟在赵墨身后去了一家水吧，赵墨为我点了一杯柳橙汁便开始说初夏的故事。
初夏是一个孤儿，可是又不是孤儿。她刚出生不到三个月便被亲生父母丢弃在路边，赵墨的父亲下班骑车回家时路过听见婴儿的啼哭声便停下车找到了那个装着初夏的纸盒，拨开纸盒看见一个粉嫩的孩子咬着手指在哭，一双眼睛乌溜溜的讨人喜爱，只是一直哭，估计是饿了。于是赵墨的父亲便把孩子抱回了家，孩子是被丢弃的，乡里派出所也没有办法，赵墨父亲就想自己收养这孩子，可是赵墨妈妈不同意，那时赵墨家境并不富裕，夫妻二人都是普通工人，赵墨也快三岁了，再过两年就到了上学的年龄，自己家的孩子都快顾不过来了，哪还有心思收养捡来的孩子呢。
赵墨父亲也被这事愁了好几天睡不着觉，自己养不起着孩子，又没有好的办法安置，总不能昧着良心丢掉。 不过后来，他的哥哥嫂子恰巧从外地打工回来，结婚多年也没有个孩子，看见初夏这样的粉嫩喷香自是喜欢的，听说了这个孩子的来历，二话不说便要抱回家当自个孩子养，赵墨父亲当然是欢天喜地就答应了。 初夏从小就皮，才一两岁，走路还是摇摇晃晃的时候就老实欺负赵墨，赵墨手里不管拿着什么，只要初夏看见了便会要，那时她还不太会说话，就揪着赵墨的衣服哭，大人看见了自然训斥赵墨，当哥哥的就应该让着妹妹，于是初夏手里就会拿着赵墨的玩具或者糖果冲着他耀武扬威的笑，小小的脸上还挂着泪珠子，迈着肥肥的短腿朝自家跑去，摇摇晃晃的粉粉嫩嫩样子，让还是半大孩子的赵墨看的忘记了呼吸。
我喜欢初夏，从很小的时候就喜欢了。赵墨看着我的眼睛一字一句认真的说。 初夏是个调皮的孩子，喜欢捉弄人，这点从她小时候就能看出来，有一次夏天在我睡觉的时候她趁机捉了只小虫子放进我被子里，感觉手臂痒痒的，伸手便抓住它，凑到眼前才发现是只虫子，当时就吓坏了，初夏就在旁边一直笑，那时她不过三岁，大伯一家子出去不好带着初夏，于是初夏就呆在我家，夜里吃完饭同我躺在屋外的凉席上数星星，有电话打进来，我爸爸接完电话之后慌张的就出去了，一直到第二天才回来。 然后我们便知道大伯和大妈出来车祸，很严重，送到医院就断气了，大人房间商量着以后的事情，初夏还小，没有照顾的人，幸好大伯一家存款不低，除去给爷爷奶奶的，还有车祸赔偿金，爸爸决定收养初夏，妈妈那时沉默也算是同意了，只是后来对初夏一直不太好。 我当时就趴在门外面听大人说话，知道初夏以后一直能和我生活在一起时心里很高兴，甚至对大伯一家的遭遇也没有太多感觉，而初夏年幼，记忆力本就没有多少关于养父母的记忆，所以还是和一起每天开开心心的玩耍。
母亲不喜欢初夏，偶尔甚至还会在初夏调皮时打骂，父亲没法时时护着初夏，我七岁上学时初夏还在家中，下午我放学回来经常能看见初夏手臂上的竹条印子，心疼的用手一一抚摸，初夏就会调皮的对我笑，没事的，哥哥，我不疼。
你不知道，那时的初夏有多惹人心疼。乖巧的听父亲的话，和哥哥一起玩耍，只是不明白为什么婶婶一直不喜欢她。母亲在生气的时候对她说，初夏，你就是个扫把星，克死自己的父母，你怎么不去死。
这是句很恶毒的话，但她是我的母亲，我虽讨厌但也一直没有办法改变这情况，只好在夜里搂着哭的颤抖的初夏一遍一遍告诉她，初夏是这个世界上最美好的女孩，初夏怎么会是扫把星呢。 那时候初夏六岁，还是天真的幼童，不谙世事，只是依赖着我。
后来初夏一天天长大了，也知道了母亲从小对她的厌恶，不再努力讨好母亲，小学六年级跟人打架，头发被人抓着一大把下来，回家谁也不说，一个人对着镜子慢慢梳好头发，把缺的地方小心盖住，我问她，她只是抿着嘴唇不说话。 初中时更是早恋，我心里生气，老师把父亲叫到学校，后来整个学校的人都知道初夏没有父母，和叔叔一家生活，老师们的眼神古怪，但也有恍然大悟，还是少女的初夏当然无法忍受，更加奋力的做着别人无法理解的事情，变得有些性格古怪。可是初夏与我呆在一起时还是同以前一样，喜欢依赖着，我知道她在学校早恋时心里有些难受，但想到初夏一直缺少人爱护，走些歧途也在所难免，于是我十三岁的初夏说，无论什么事情都可以和哥哥说，我永远不会离开你。
那时的初夏如何回答你的。我深深陷在赵墨的讲诉中，我亲爱的初夏，你拥有那么多的苦楚，而我却一直不知道。
我说完以后，初夏就抱着我的脖子，用脸紧紧贴着我的脸，嘴里发出咕咕的声音，趴在我的怀里就睡着了，我不知道初夏心里想什么，但是那一刻，我的心柔软的像是一片湖泊，感觉可以承载任何世间的东西。 他苦笑， 我那时还太天真。
中考的时候，初夏发挥很好，考进了我所在的高中，父亲很高兴，我也很高兴，唯独母亲一直阴沉着脸，我知道母亲一直不想要初夏继续读书。于是那天我拉着初夏去百货楼，买了一条粉白色的连衣裙送给初夏，初夏很开心，当天还没有洗就穿在了身上，一直快乐的转圈。她说，赵墨，你看我好不好看。 我被她的快乐感染，一直不停得点头，时光那样静好，我以为我们可以一直就这样生活下去知道老去死去的那一天，即使我只能做她的哥哥。
初夏一直是个快乐的女孩，可是却一直敏感。上高中以后也只是偶尔才会找我，我更是知道她一直没有朋友，每天在嘻嘻哈哈混日子，孤独深深的藏在笑容里面。
我一直不知道该如何分享她的寂寞，可是你出现了。赵墨看着我，一眨不眨。 我不知道是什么样的女孩，让只见了一面的初夏一直放在口中说，直到你出现在我的面前我才明白，隆冬，你是那个初夏一直想成为的那种女孩子，你们一样有深深的忧伤，可是你完全展露出来，而初夏却要一直隐匿。
她渴望友情，于是你出现了，对于初夏来说就像是一场救赎，而我爱初夏，也许对初夏而言就像是肮脏的乱伦。她告诉你所有她的秘密，却唯独不敢告诉你我们的事情，因为她害怕，害怕你会离去，初夏一直就觉得自己像没有要的孩子，好不容易有了你，她不敢去赌。
我的心脏一阵疼痛，脸色亦是清白，却看着赵墨坚定的说，那既然初夏那么不舍得，为什么她又要消失？
她知道了自己真正的生事，亦知道自己不过是被亲生父母抛弃的孤儿。我们没有血缘关系。
那不是很好吗，起码你们可以真正在一起，不用背负什么。
赵墨苦笑着摇摇头说，你还是不了解初夏。 她怎么能接受，突然之间，死去的父母不是亲生父母，一直照顾着的叔叔不是真正的叔叔，爷爷奶奶亦是与她毫无血缘的陌生关系。也真正明白为什么我的母亲为什么会那样讨厌她，因为就连她自己也是讨厌自己的。
赵墨。 我喊着已经失神的男生，对她说，我相信初夏不会那么狠心的。她会回来的，我们要相信她。
赵墨把手里一直拿着的笔记本放到我面前说，这是初夏没有带走的唯一东西，里面是她平常写下的话，日记也好，感悟也罢，总之她是不会回来了，我会去找她，无论什么地方，无论在哪里，我都会找到她，这本子，我送给你，初夏也会希望我拿给你的。
我没有再去学校上课，拿着本子摇摇晃晃的回到家中，我的心脏很疼，就像被火烧着了一样，林之焕不在家，林麟独自一人坐在客厅发呆，我走到他面前满脸泪水，我说，哥，你去高考好不好，你不要再离开了，梦想有什么好的，你不要离开，好不好？好不好？…… 我最后看见林麟惊慌失措的眼睛和一瞬间的天旋地转，我的心脏终于病发了，世界微尘里，我亲爱的初夏，你现在在哪里呢？
再次醒来时发现自己躺在病床上，鼻子里插着氧气管子，嘴唇干的厉害，于是我说，水。 林麟趴在床沿边，听见我的声音有明显的惊喜。
隆冬，你醒了……你等着，我去给你倒水……
就着林麟的手慢慢喝完一整杯水，才感觉不是那么渴了。心脏还有些难受，闷闷的透不过气，所以一直休息。醒来的时候林之焕坐在床前的椅子上。
隆冬，你已经昏迷了两天。林之焕看着我说，告诉我发生了什么？
我看着眼前这个男人，母亲死后他便一直照顾，宠溺，爱护我，丝毫不介意我脆弱的身体，而我却一直因为放不下对母亲的执念，不肯叫他一声父亲。 于是我张张嘴，最后发现自己竟无法顺利的叫出那个他一直期待的字符。 只是笑笑对他说，我没事。
他的脸上有深刻的悲伤，一直注视着我。我知道他爱我，就像母亲一样，可我是个病孩子，我会一直给他们带来伤心和失望。
他用手抚摸我的头说，林麟已经决定回去高考了，我很开心。隆冬，
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children. The work is very unpleasant. The fur-puller sits
in a small barn, or out-house, on a low stool. She has a trough in front of her,
into which she drops the down as she pulls it off the rabbit-skins with her
knife. Occasionally she stops to rub the knife with whiting, for the skins are
greasy. The down gets into her nose and mouth. Her hair and clothes are white
with it. She generally suffers from what she calls "breathlessness,"
for her lungs are filled with the fine down, and she is always more or less
Another branch of the fur-pulling business consists in cutting open the tails of rabbits in order to extract the little bone in the middle. The bones are returned to the manufacturer, who sells them for manure. The fur is paid by the lb., and the worker generally receives 8d per lb. for it after the bones have been extracted. This fur is used to make cheap blankets, and those fur hats which are sold at such low prices. Old pieces of rabbit- skins are also used for these purposes. One fur-puller in the Borough who has been visited by our Commissioners, receives 9d. per lb. for preparing old pieces of skins. Her daughter works at the same business. When [-70-] the Commissioner went into their room, the two women were found sitting at a small table, which was covered with skins and tails. Each woman had a strong pair of scissors, with which to clip the fur from the skin. Large paper bags stood on the floor, ready to receive the down. The bed was strewed with skins, and the floor was littered with small bones. The place smelt of dead rabbit, and the air was thick with fine white hairs. These fur-pullers were not communicative; but they vouchsafed to say that it was difficult to make a living by fur-pulling.
Another large home industry is that of making clay pipes. These are generally bought by publicans at 1s., 1s. 6d., or 2s. per gross to give away in the public-houses. If a customer buys tobacco, he receives a clay pipe with it as a present. Such pipes frequently have the mark of the house or the initials of the publican upon them. But cigarettes are taking their place. Young men prefer cigarettes to pipes, and can buy five in a box at the bar for a penny. Clay pipes are difficult to make, and require a great deal of practice. Sixteen must be made to the dozen, for many break, and many are imperfect. [-71-] The clay is bought by the ton. It takes a good deal of time to prepare, and when prepared must pass through at least six processes. First of all it is shaped ; secondly, a wire is run through the stem ; thirdly, the bowl is formed in a mould ; fourthly, it is dried ; fifthly, it is trimmed ; sixthly, it is baked. The mould costs about 30s., and each public-house has its own mould, unless the publican is poor. The drying is done over a slow fire, and afterwards the pipes must be carefully tried to see if they will draw properly. Many break in the kiln. Last of all, the mouthpieces are painted with sealing-wax. And after all this, the pipes are sold at less than a farthing each.
We do not intend to notice many more of these home
industries. Those we have already placed before our readers show that most of
the work is done at a starvation rate of payment. Of course there are places in
which women and girls are well paid. Thus one who has been eighteen years in the
fancy-box trade wrote to tell us that he has in his employ "hands" who
in their own homes earned from 12s. to 15s. a week at the
fancy-box business. He wished our Commissioners to visit a firm in the City
Road, where two hundred girls and women [-72-] make
fancy boxes, because he has seen these people wearing kid gloves and velvet
dresses. Our Commissioners have only visited those engaged in home industries.
We said that some box-makers are well paid, and that some are paid at a lower
rate than those matchbox-makers about whose work such a bitter cry was raised
before we began our inquiry. Small boxes are made to hold powder at 2d. the
gross in many London districts. These consist merely of the tray that goes
inside a common matchbox. Our correspondent says that no "hand," be
she ever so quick, could make more than one gross of collar boxes in a day, and
the price would be at least 2s. per gross. This is no doubt true of
workers who wear velvet dresses and kid gloves. It is quite a different thing
where people are starving, for the work of such "hands" goes on all
night as well as all day.
While the public continues to take an interest in the sweating system, it is well to call attention to these home industries. True, the girls and women do not always receive their work through middle-men, but in the sweat of their faces they eat bread. People know so little about them that the Lords' Committee is not likely to give them help. Perhaps they are better without [-73-] such assistance. There is no doubt that when the Lords' inquiry is finished, many witnesses will be quietly sacked by their employers. This will not be done at once; but within a year, or six months, excuses will be made for getting rid of them. However willing these witnesses may be then to sweat, no sweater will give them the chance of sweating. They will be marked men and women. Thus it may be well that the home industries should remain dark at present.
There is a plan on foot to open an exhibition of home industries, at which a number of specimens will be exhibited. Such specimens are being collected with considerable circumspection, and in secrecy, in order that the employees may not be involved in difficulties. What the employers will say if the plan succeeds it is difficult to think, for their property is finding its way into collectors' pockets, and they will see a variety of their purloined articles exhibited to an astonished public.. This might perhaps bring home to consumers the state of producers more graphically than can be done by writing. Thus a lady would learn that the tooth-brush which she uses morning and evening passed through the hands of a starving girl; that the sofa on which she lies is stuffed with rabbit-down [-74-] that has stifled a poor widow: that the ball with which she plays tennis came from a room in which children lay ill with scarlet fever. People sometimes wonder how epidemics creep into carefully guarded households. They quite forget that the vermin and small-pox, of which they are so much afraid that they carefully avoid the slums of the metropolis, come to them through these home industries. A parish doctor told a Commissioner that he had seen badges for soldiers' uniforms being made in rooms where children had infectious complaints, and that the germs might thus be carried into barracks. These badges ruin the eyes of workers, and are paid at a low rate. A Commissioner visited a poor girl who does them, and found her eyes in a shocking condition. The eyes of a young woman who makes snaps for crackers are even worse, and this woman's child is almost blind, thanks to the stuff which is put into the snaps. It is terrible to think that the crackers which excite so much merriment among rich children are produced at such a cost by their poorer sisters. The woman, who was visited, receives 1s. 9d. per day for twelve hours' work. She cuts the cardboard into narrow strips, and puts between two bits of it some stuff made of silver, nitric acid, sand, and [-75-] methylated spirits. The snaps are then covered with paper, dried, and tied up in packets. This industry is being superseded by snaps from Germany, and women can scarcely make a living at it, even with the assistance of their children.
Home industries include paper flowers, fans, rag dolls, arms and legs of dolls, baskets, shell ornaments, boxes for sweets, frames, brackets, lace, chains, etc., etc. Umbrellas are now made by machinery, but the elastic bands for them are done by women at home. These consist of button, ring, and flap. They are paid at 4d. per gross. The tops of tassels are worked by women, and are paid at 4s. 6d. per gross. One gross takes a week to make, for the work is fine and troublesome. Bead trimming of all sorts is done at home by girls and women. Our Commissioners have visited a girl who makes blackberry-trimming. This is paid at 1s. 6d. per gross of blackberries, and the girl can do one gross in the day; by this work she has brought up a family of brothers and sisters. She lost her mother when the youngest child was two years old, and with the help of an elder brother she has kept the home together. The brother is now married ; but she keeps on the one room in which they have all lived [-76-] for ten years, and still works at the bead business. When asked if she meant to marry, she shook her head,, and said, "I've no time for courting.
Weaving has died out in many districts, but sometimes our Commissioners have come across women with looms. One old lady near Drury Lane says that she made binding for the Queen's carriages at the Jubilee. Her Majesty little thinks when she leans back in one of these carriages whose hands wove the binding of her cushions. The binding was of Oxford and Cambridge blue. The poor woman received 2½d. per yard for it. She produced about six yards a day, by working from dawn till dark. She told our Commissioner that her employer always made a favour of giving her work, and said it was just to keep her out of the workhouse. "But I know better," she continued. "Hand-work's better than machine- work. That's why he gave me the job for the Jubilee." She is bent almost double, and her right arm is broken. Her chest is sunken, and her knuckles are swollen. For thirty-six years she had inhabited the same room. She pays for it 2s.6d., and half of it is filled with the great loom, at which she works all the year round without any holiday. In one window is a creeping-jenny, which she bought at a [-77-] Sunday market for 6d. ; in the other is a single grain of wheat, planted in an old whelk- shell. We shall notice later on those women who make shirts, coats, and waistcoats in their own houses, all of which come under the heading of home industries. Buttonhole makers have already attracted the notice of the public, and this work is often quoted, together with the making of match-boxes, when a bitter cry finds its way into a meeting or a newspaper. A poor woman in Southwark was visited who supports herself and five children by making buttonholes at 2¾d. per gross. A woman in the same house makes bows for boys at 10d. per gross. Neckties are not paid much better.
Every day more women compete for these home industries. The wives and daughters of clerks do much of this work sub rosa, and actually undersell the poorer women. They thus try to eke out the small incomes of husbands and fathers. On few people does the Juggernaut competition place a heavier foot than clerks. Their wives can tell tales of economies which make the lives of beggars in the streets appear luxurious. Beggars are not obliged to keep up an appearance, without which many clerks must starve or go into the workhouse. The wives [-78-] of these men are much to be pitied but they get a good deal of pleasure out of their would-be "gentility," and if the shoe pinches they console themselves with the thought that some people go shoeless.“İnsanın sayısız arzuları arasında,iktidar ve şâşaa başta gelir.”(Bertrand Russell)
İlkin kaos geldi, der Hesiodos. “Tahrip ediyor, yakıyor yıkıyordu.Yeryüzü göründü. Kaos kapkara geceyi getirdi… Yeryüzü, Gökyüzü ile yattı ve Cronus’u var etti. Cronus, Gökyüzü ile yattı. Zeus oldu.” Cronus, Zeus’tan nefret ediyordu. Zeus da babasına karşı çok yönlü bir savaş başlattı. Anlamsız bir kaos ortamından, kaba ve çirkin bile olsa tercih edilen bir iktidar yarattı. Oysa her şey bu denli sade kalmadı. Zeus, Metis’le yattı ve Metis hamile kaldı. Yeryüzü, Zeus’u Metis’ten doğacak çocuklarla ilgili uyardı. Metis’in doğuracağı ilk çocuk bir kız olacaktı ve ondan sonra gelen çocuk evrenin hakimi olacak, Zeus’u tahtından alaşağı edecekti. Buna karşı tetik durmak isteyen Zeus, Metis’i yuttu. Ne var ki Metis’i yok etmekle, ondan doğacak olan, düşünceyi ve aklı temsil eden Athene’yi yok etmiş olmadı. Athene, Zeus’un bir baltayla yarılan kafasından tepeden tırnağa silâhlanmış biçimde yeniden doğdu.
Şairane bir rölanti; kaos ve düzen arasında seçim yapmama hürriyetim var; bu kadarına hakkım var, diyebilir yazar. Desin bakalım. İnsanın, zorunlulukları seçimiymiş gibi yaşaması da bir çeşit hürriyettir. Avunabiliyorsa ne âlâ. Seçmeyerek seçilmesi gerekenin aleyhine bir seçim yaptı o. Bundan sonra kaleminin ucu üzerinde fır dönerek siyasî, kültürel ve ekonomik iktidarlara karşı olduğunu haykırabilir, hâlâ duyulabilir bir sesi kaldıysa tabiî! Oysa Sartre’ın ifadesiyle “iki milyar açın yanında” yer almıyorsa, “seçkinler sınıfının hizmetindedir ve sömürücüdür”. “Ölü bir çocuğun karşısında Bulantı ağır basamaz.” diyebilmişti Sartre. Üstelik bu, Bulantı’yla sınırlı bir hüküm değildi ona göre.
Faulkner ise “Sanatından başka hiçbir şeyden sorumlu değildir yazar. Gerçek bir değeri varsa, yasak masak tanımaz. Bir rüya peşindedir. Yüreğini daraltan, ne pahasına olursa olsun kurtulması gereken bir rüya. Her şeyi göze alabilir bu uğurda, yazacağını yazabilmek için onur, gurur, dürüstlük, güven, mutluluk; tümünden vazgeçebilir. Hatta öz anasını bile dolandırır gerekirse: Ode on a Grecian Urn yeryüzündeki bütün yaşlı kadınlardan değerlidir.” diyordu. “Öyleyse güvenlik, mutluluk ve onur yokluğunu sanatçı yaratıcılığının temel etkeni sayabilir miyiz?” diye sorulunca “Hayır, sanatçının yalnızca iç huzuru bakımından önemlidir bunlar. İç huzurunun ise sanatla hiçbir ilgisi yoktur.” diye yanıtlamıştı.
İki yazar ve iki seçim, yazarlık ahlâkının alanını işaretliyor bence. Bu alan içinde edebiyata dair her şey konuşulabilir. Dolayımsal bir edebiyat etiği benimsemek zorunda değiliz, dahası benimsemeye kalkışırsak bu alandaki anlayışların çeşitliliği, dolayımlayıcıların bolluğu başımızı döndürebilir. Öte yandan bu alan, edebiyatla ilgili herkesi meşgul eden bireycilikten toplumsallığa, estetikçilikten yararcılığa, gelenekçilikten avangardlığa, evrensellikten yerelliğe çift uçlu sorunların konuşulabilir olduğu yegâne alan. Yazar, bu esnekliğe sığınarak, nerdeyse ömür boyu parmak kaldırmadan, tercih belirtmeden ya da belirtir gibi yaparak ama sınırsız bir doğrular evreni gibi görünen bu alanda, bir doğrucukla, kendisini de insanını da oyalayarak var olabilir. Her postnişîn etrafında birkaç mürit olacak kadar eli açık dünya, insana karşı. Edebiyatçı, iktidar kavramıyla ilişkisini de bu alanın genişliği içinde kurgular. Rölantide kalarak çığlığı atabilir, yankısını dinleyebilir, karşı ya da taraf olmanın bereketini sunar toplumuna. Onu kâle alınır ya da alınmaz yapan her türlü soruna bakışı olduğu kadar iktidara da bakışıdır. Rölantide bekleyerek bir ses çıkarıyorsa, bu gürültüye kulak asan sadece öteki kader arkadaşlarıdır. Bir başka deyişle, gizliden gizliye güce tapanlar, güçten korkanlar. Onları konu dışı bırakmayı önererek, (önermeleri olan) edebiyatçı ile iktidar (kavramı) ikilisini, bitim noktalarını Sartre ve Faulkner’ın sözleriyle belirlediğim bu alan içinde tartışmaya devam etmek istiyorum.
Bu tartışmada, bana önemli görünen tek şey, yazarın iktidar kavramıyla ilişkisinde kendine ve kavrama bakış açısıdır; çünkü bu tartışmanın kahramanı her durumda insandır, mücerret bir organel değil. Ayrıca edebiyatçının, (siyasî / kültürel) iktidar tarafından algılanma şekline başka yazılarımda değinmiştim. Tek tek süjelerden ve süjelerin anlığından bağımsız bir kavram olamayacağı için ortada iktidar namına tanımlanmış nesnel bir “şey” olamaz; ancak başkaları dolayımında tanımlanabilen, karşısında tarafsız kalınamayacak bir “şey” olabilir. Ya boyun eğeriz ya eğdiririz.
O kadar da rastgele değil boyun eğme deyişi. Kendi isteğimizin hilafına kabul ettiğimiz her durum benlik duygumuzu derinden sarsar. Bu benlik duygusunun nasıl şekillendiği, onun isteklerini belirleyenin ne olduğu çok önemli. Özgürlük tanımımızı yaparken neye boyun eğeceğimizi kendimiz belirleriz. Bu, kendi gücünün idrakinde olmakla ilgili. Güç derken insanın iradesine karşı değil de irade doğrultusunda çalışan bir gücü kastediyorum. İktidarın insan bünyesindeki yeri, iradeyi hiçleyen libidonun yeridir. İktidar ister; daha daha daha’dır tek ölçüsü ve tamamen kişiseldir.
İşte bu, her kişide mukim olan
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برخی از نمایندگان شورای بازنگری مبنی بر اینکه اسلام شناسان و فقها بایستی اکثریت اعضای شورای بازنگری را داشته باشند،51 نظر مخالفی را به دنبال آورد که اسلام شناسی فقط به عمامه نیست و نباید قانون اساسی را آخوندی کرد زیرا عرف هم بایستی راهی به درون مقوله بازنگری قانون اساسی بیابد.52
در زمینه ترکیب اعضای شورای بازنگری آن چنان تفرقه و اختلاف رأی وجود داشت که معلوم نمی شد آیا می توان به شیوه ای که مورد قبول اکثریت باشد دست یافت یا خیر. کلاً رأی گیری روی این قسمت از اصل 177، کاملاً خلاف آیین نامه و به شکل بده و بستان و ریش سفیدی، دوباره آغاز می گردد[9] و در نهایت به شکل کنونی به تصویب می رسد.
شورای بازنگری قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران تنها در موارد ضروری تشکیل می شود. ترکیب اعضای این شورا، کم و بیش، فن و تخصص را در خود لحاظ کرده است. اگر دقت کنیم از قوای سه گانه، بیشترین تعداد افراد انتخاب شده اند:
یک) قوه مقننه مجموعاً بیست و سه نفر (دوازده نفر عضو شورای نگهبان، رئیس قوه مقننه، ده نفر از نمایندگان مجلس شورای اسلامی).
دو) قوه قضاییه مجموعاً چهار نفر (رئیس قوه قضاییه، سه تن از قوه قضاییه).
سه) قوه مجریه مجموعاً چهار نفر (رئیس جمهور، سه تن از هیأت وزیران).
اما در کل، مجموع اعضای شورای بازنگری قانون اساسی به هفتاد و چهار نفر[10] می رسد که البته با توجه به متغیر بودن اعضای ثابت مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام،[11] این رقم می تواند کمتر یا بیشتر نیز بشود. نقش مردم به صورت مستقیم و غیر مستقیم در انتخاب اعضای شورای بازنگری دخیل شده است. چنین نقشی به چهار حالت در اصل یکصد و هفتاد و هفتم قید شده که مراتب آن از قرار زیر است:
الف) انتخاب مستقیم مردم 12 نفر (رئیس جمهور، رئیس مجلس شورای اسلامی و ده نفر از نمایندگان مجلس شورای اسلامی).
ب) انتخاب غیر مستقیم مردم 15 نفر (پنج نفر از مجلس خبرگان رهبری، ده نفر به انتخاب مقام رهبری).
پ) انتخاب مبتنی بر مشارکت مردم متغیر بین 35 تا 38 نفر (اعضای دوازده نفرۀ شورای نگهبان، رئیس قوۀ قضاییه و اعضای ثابت مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام)[12]
ت) انتخاب به شیوه نامعلوم و محول شده به قانون عادی 9 نفر (سه نفر از هیأت وزیران، سه نفر از قوه قضاییه و سه نفر از دانشگاهیان).
حال اگر به انتخاب مستقیم مردم بیست امتیاز، به انتخاب غیر مستقیم مردم ده امتیاز و به انتخاب مبتنی بر مشارکت مردم پنج امتیاز بدهیم مجموع امتیازهای حضور مردمی به رقم 580[13] خواهد رسید. اگر امتیاز حضور مردمی را در شورایی که مسئولیت مهم بازنگری قانون اساسی را بر عهده دارد و ما آن را به صورت تقریبی هفتاد و دو نفر فرض کنیم که نیمی از آن را مقام رهبری [انتخاب غیر مستقیم مردم] و نیم دیگر را مستقیماً مردم [انتخاب مستقیم مردم] گزینش می کنند،[14] مجموع امتیازی که خواهیم داشت عبارت از 1080[15] خواهد بود. بنابراین رقم تصوری 580 امتیازی در شیوه کنونی ترکیب شورای بازنگری قانون اساسی بیشتر از اکثریت مطلق است. بنابراین حضور مردمی در ترکیب شورای بازنگری کمابیش محسوس است. مخصوصاً آن که موارد احاله شده به قانون عادی، اگر حالت مردمی و انتخابی بیابد، امتیاز بسیار خوبی خواهیم داشت که نمودگر ترکیب مردمی شورای بازنگری خواهد بود.
گرچه مخاطب حکم مقام رهبری در اصل یکصد و هفتاد و هفتم، رئیس جمهور است ولی او در میان اعضای شورای بازنگری، تقدم و برتری ندارد و قانونگذار تنها به اجرا درآوردن تمامی مراحل بازنگری قانون اساسی اعم از تشکیل شورا، تقدیم مصوبات شورا به مقام رهبری، دستور برگزاری همه پرسی و امضای نتیجه همه پرسی را به عهده دومین مقام رسمی کشور گذاشته است تا روند کار بازنگری با استحکام بهتری صورت گیرد. نکته مهم آن است که ترکیب و اعضای شورای بازنگری در تاریخ حقوق اساسی ایران گامی رو به جلو است و نشان از بلوغ فکری و پختگی اندیشه نسبت به گام های پیشین دارد. همین نکته ما را بس که بدانیم مجلس خبرگان قانون اساسی هیچ موردی را در این زمینه قید نکرد ولی در شورای بازنگری بحث های اندیشمندانه ای در این زمینه درافکنده شد که کمتر پیشینه ای از آن موجود بود. به هر حال، نقش و جایگاه مقام رهبری در روند آغازین و ترکیب شورای بازنگری بسیار محسوس است زیرا نزدیک به چهل نفر از ترکیب هفتاد و سه نفره شورای بازنگری مستقیماً منتخب مقام رهبری هستند. اما نقش و جایگاه مردم در ترکیب شورای بازنگری کمتر محسوس است و از این نظر آغاز کار و ترکیب شورای بازنگری بیشتر به مقام رهبری سپرده شده است تا مردم. به نظر می رسد مردم عمدتاً در دورنهایی می توانند مستقیماً در روند بازنگری، نفیاً یا اثباتاً دخیل شوند.
سخن پنج) محدودیت های بازنگری در قانون اساسی
انتهایی ترین بند اصل یکصد و هفتاد و هفتم بیانگر این نکته است که در چه زمینه هایی نمی توان دست به بازنگری زد و این حیطه ها از مناطق ممنوعه ای است که حق ورود به آن وجود ندارد و هیچ گونه تغییر و تجدید نظری در آن مسموع نیست. محدودیت های بازنگری به طور کلی بر سه نوع است: محدودیت موضوعی، محدودیت به خاطر اوضاع و احوال خاص و محدودیت زمانی که دو مورد نخست در قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران به کار رفته ولی از مورد سوم ذکری به میان نیامده است.
قسم یک) محدودیت موضوعی
قانون اساسی مجموعه ای به هم بسته از اصول گوناگونی است که از آن برای انتظام دهی به امور عمومی اجتماع در عین رعایت حقوق شهروندی، بهره برداری می شود. اما امکان دارد به دلیل وجود برخی ضرورتها، قانون اساسی نیازمند بازنگری باشد که در این زمینه بایستی اقدامات مناسب انجام گیرد. اما:
«در خصوص اصول تعیین کننده نظام و ارزشهای اساسی آن، تغییر آن حتی از طریق بازنگری نباید میسر باشد، زیرا این امر وفاداری نسبت به نظام سیاسی را عملاً مخدوش می سازد. مثلاً جامعه ای که با خود عهد کرده است نظام سلطنتی را طرد کند و به جای آن نظام جمهوری را برگزیند، وفاداری به نظام ایجاب می کند که برای همیشه نظام جمهوری را تغییرناپذیر بداند.»53
بنابراین در هر قانون اساسی یک سری از بنیادی ترین اصل ها غیر قابل بازنگری محسوب می شوند تا از نظام ارزشی جامعه به طرزی قانونمندانه نگاهبانی شود. در شورای بازنگری قانون اساسی نیز بر سر چنین محدودیت هایی، آرای مختلفی وجود داشته است:
1ـ برخی معتقدند که آنچه که نشانگر محتوای اسلامی بودن نظام است به صورت کلی بیان شود و استقلال و آزادی نیز مخصوصاً قید گردد،54
2ـ برخی معتقدند که ولایت فقیه و اصل دوازدهم قانون اساسی به طرزی مخصوص تنصیص شود،55
3ـ برخی معتقدند که آزادیها و حقوق اساسی مردم نیز بایستی قید گردد و همچنین نبایستی دوره ریاست جمهوری را بتوان مادام العمری کرد،56
4ـ یک نظر بر آن است که اصل به اصل محدودیت را قید کنیم ولی رأی دیگر معتقد است که باید محتوا را اعلام کنیم و شکل و شیوه کار به عهده قانون اساسی و مرور زمان گذاشته شود،57
5ـ نظر دیگری بر آن است که برخی از امور که از باب مصلحت و تأیید ولی فقیه، شرعی شده است و گرنه به خودی خود خلاف اسلام است باید معلوم شود که سرنوشت آنها از چه قرار است،58
6ـ نظر شاذّ دیگری هم هست که اصلاً محدودیت ها قید نشود و دست رهبر کاملاً باز باشد تا او هر اصلی را که می خواهد بتواند با یک شورای تخصصی بازنگری، مورد تجدید نظر قرار دهد،59
7ـ رأی دیگر بر آن است که مقومات بنیادین انقلاب اسلامی و امامت و اسلام مانند اصول دوم و سوم قانون اساسی مخصوصاً به صورت صریح نام برده شود،60
8ـ نظر کلی و مجموعه ای شورای بازنگری آن است که سه مجموعه اصلی محتوای اسلامی بودن نظام، حاکمیت اسلام در جامعه و حاکمیت ملت و آرای عمومی به طور کلی قید شود و برخی از اصول مهم مانند جمهوریت، آرای مردمی، ولایت فقیه و امامت به صورت صریح قید گردد.61
9ـ یک رأی قابل تأمل نیز به چشم می آید که گرچه عمومیتی نمی یابد ولی نکته مهمی را در درون خود نهفته دارد:
«الان ما مشروعیت مان را از کجا گرفته ایم؟ این شورای بازنگری که الان آمده مشروعیتش را از رهبر گرفته، خود قانون اساسی هم رهبر آمدند گفتند شما در این اصل و این اصل و این اصل بیایید بازنگری کنید، حالا شما اینجا نوشته اید که این چهار تا اصل این پنج تا اصل قابل تغییر نیست. حالا اگر رهبر بعدی آمد گفت که نه خیر این اصل و آن اصلی را که اینها استثنا کرده اند، بروید بنشینید و بازنگری بکنید، چه فرقی می کند، چه امتیازی ما بر آنها داریم که ما می خواهیم جلوی آنها را ببندیم؟»62
در پایان این اظهار نظرها، سرانجام تغیرناپذیر بودن محتوای اصول مربوط به «اسلامی بودن نظام»؛ «ابتنای کلیه قوانین و مقررات بر اساس موازین اسلامی»؛ «پایه های ایمانی»؛ «اهداف جمهوری اسلامی ایران»؛ «جمهوری بودن حکومت»؛ «ولایت امر و امامت امت»؛ «اداره امور کشور به اتکاء آراء عمومی» و «دین و مذهب رسمی ایران»؛ به عنوان محدودیتهای موضوعی در امر بازنگری قانون اساسی به تصویب رسید.
قسم دو) محدودیت به خاطر اوضاع و احوال خاص
محدودیت موضوعی معطوف به آینده و مفهومی و نظری است، زیرا بنیادهای فکری، سیاسی و حقوقی یک نظام حکومتی را بیان می کند. اما قانون اساسی برای بازنگری نیازمند مناسبت های شکلی یا صوری نیز هست زیرا تا زمانه مساعد بازنگری نباشد، اقدام به آن، کار معقولی نیست. شرایطی مانند جنگ، بلایای طبیعی، اشغال نظامی یا مسایل حادی که امنیت ملی را مختل کرده از موقعیت هایی است که بازنگری در آن اصلاً معقول نخواهد بود. در قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران چنین محدودیتی به واسطه اوضاع و احوال قید نشده، ولی وجود برخی قرینه ها و بعضی استنباط های عقلی و قانونی، چنین تلقی را پدید آورده است. بنابراین:
1ـ اصل یکصد و هفتاد و هفتم قانون اساسی، بازنگری را در شرایط ضروری قابل انجام می داند. عقل سلیم حکم می کند که ضرورت با اضطرار متفاوت است و بایستی در هنگامه ای دست به بازنگری زد که هم مردم و هم مسئولان در آرامش فکری و فضای مناسب قرار گرفته باشند. فضای ملتهب و واهمه آلود، مانع کارکرد درست و بهینه قوای عقلی است و نیز معلوم است که مهم ترین و خطیرترین تصمیم ها در هنگامی اخذ می شود که قوای ذهنی در نهایت آرامش به کاوش زمینه های تاریک بپردازند.
2ـ اگر طبق اصل شصت و هشتم قانون اساسی بتوان انتخابات مجلس شورای اسلامی را در شرایط خاص متوقف نمود، مسلم است که روند خطیر بازنگری قانون اساسی نیز مشمول همان قاعده توقف یا تأخیر می گردد. زیرا اگر بتوان جزیی از قانون اساسی را که اهمیتی کمتر از کل ساختار قانون اساسی دارد، متوقف کرد، کلیت ساختار را که در شرایط اضطراری بهتر می توان در معرض بازنگری قرار نداد.
3ـ اصل هفتاد و نهم قانون اساسی نیز بر برقراری موقت محدودیت های ضروری در هنگامه جنگ با تصویب مجلس شورای اسلامی صحه گذاشته است. قانون اساسی به عنوان برترین هنجار حقوقی نیز باید در وضعیت جنگی مصون از بازنگری باشد تا نتوان در فضای نامناسب آن را دچار هتک حرمت کرد.
4ـ حکم امام خمینی(س) برای تشکیل شورای بازنگری نیز بینه دیگری است که در آن جنگ را مانع بازنگری قانون اساسی دانسته بودند. مستفاد از فحوای حکم آن است که بازنگری در قانون اساسی بایستی در شرایط عادی و نه شرایط جنگ و اضطرار صورت پذیرد.
اما به هر حال در قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران طبق اصل یکصد و سی و دوم یکی از نمونه های محدودیت ها، اوضاع و احوال قید شده است که طبق آن در هنگامه نبودن رئیس جمهور نمی توان اقدام به بازنگری در قانون اساسی نمود. اصل نود و نهم پیش نویس قانون اساسی نیز مشعر بر همین نکته بود. در مجلس خبرگان بررسی نهایی قانون اساسی عده ای بر آن بودند که در بودن یا نبودن رئیس جمهور بایستی بتوان در قانون اساسی بازنگری کرد ولی عده ای دیگر بر آن بودند که بازنگری در قانون اساسی نیازمند زمانه ای مناسب و آرام است و در نبود رئیس جمهور نوعی اضطرار بر کشور حاکم است و نباید بتوان به چنین کاری اقدام کرد63 و به همان صورتی که در قانون اساسی مصوب 1358 آمده بود به تصویب می رسد. اما در شورای بازنگری در مورد اصل یکصد و سی و دوم بحث به میان می آید و یک نظر بر آن بود که بازنگری قانون اساسی در اختیار رهبر است، بنابراین بودن یا نبودن رئیس جمهور فرقی نمی کند. اما رأی مخالف بر آن بود که چون نبود رئیس جمهور برابر با وضعیت غیرعادی در کشور است، چنین استنایی وارد آمده است.64 برای مستثنی شدن چنین وضعیتی، یک رأی بر آن است که جامعه در التهاب تعیین رئیس جمهور جدید به سر می برد و حالت عادی بر کشور حاکم نیست،65 و رأی دیگر از ضربه خوردن به اساس حاکمیت سخن می گوید.66
قسم سه) محدودیت زمانی
گاهی اوقات در برخی از قوانین اساسی قید می شود که متن مصوب قانون اساسی پنج سال یا ده سال پس از تدوین و تصویب، غیرقابل بازنگری است. در قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران چنین قیدی به میان نیامده و تنها از موارد ضروری سخن گفته شده است که می تواند از یک ماه تا چندین سال پس از تدوین و تصویب را شامل شود و تشخیص آن نیز به عهده مقام رهبری پس از مشورت با مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام گذاشته شده است.
سخن شش) تصویب نهایی بازنگری قانون اساسی
در اصل یکصد و هفتاد و هفتم قانون اساسی چنین آمده است:
«… مصوبات شورا پس از تأیید و امضای مقام رهبری باید از طریق مراجعه به آرای عمومی به تصویب اکثریت مطلق شرکت کنندگان در همه پرسی برسد.»[16]
بنابراین تصویب بازنگری در قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران سه گام دارد که به ترتیب عبارتند از:
یک) تصویب درونی در شورای بازنگری قانون اساسی،
دو) تأیید و امضای مقام رهبری،
سه) تصویب اکثریت مطلق شرکت کنندگان در همه پرسی.
تصویب درونی در شورای بازنگری قانون اساسی منوط به دو شرط است: یکی تشکیل شورای بازنگری در موارد ضروری و دیگری تصویب آیین نامه داخلی شورای بازنگری و مواد مربوط به چگونگی تأیید بازنگری در اصل یا اصولی از قانون اساسی. از سوی دیگر، تأیید و امضای مقام رهبری منوط به شرط و محدودیتی نیست، گرچه ایشان خود را از مشاوره بی نیاز نمی دانند. در واقع، مقام رهبری هم به تنهایی و هم با مشورت گیری از دیگران می توانند مصوبات شورای بازنگری را تأیید کنند و یا مردود بشمرند، اما به هر حال مشورت پذیری ایشان تنها به مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام محدود نیست و از افراد با صلاحیت دیگری نیز می توانند مشورت بپذیرند. تصویب نهایی بازنگری با رجوع به آرای عمومی است که آن هم منوط به دو شرط است: یکی آن که اکثریت مطلق شرکت کنندگان در همه پرسی بایستی رأی مثبت بدهند و دیگر آن که رعایت اصل پنجاه و نهم قانون اساسی در مورد اینکه رجوع به همه پرسی بایستی به تصویب دو سوم مجموع نمایندگان مجلس شورای اسلامی برسد در مورد بازنگری قانون اساسی لازم نیست.[17] شورای بازنگری قانون اساسی در این زمینه نیز آرا و نظرهای گوناگونی داشته است:
1ـ موارد مصوب شورای بازنگری را اگر مقام رهبری تأیید کند به همه پرسی ارجاع می گردد و اگر تأیید نکرد به شورای بازنگری برمی گردد. اگر شورای بازنگری نظر رهبری را نپذیرد، روند بازنگری مسکوت می ماند. در حقیقت نه شورای بازنگری بدون مقام رهبری و نه مقام رهبری بدون شورای بازنگری نبایستی بتوانند به تنهایی و بدون تأیید همدیگر، محصول کار را به همه پرسی بگذارند.67
2ـ فکر مسلط در شورای بازنگری آن است که مردم در آخر کار حضور جدی داشته باشند و نهایت کار به مردم سپرده شود،68
آنچه که در این زمینه مجموعاً به نظر می رسد از این قرار است:
«امر تجدید نظر از آغاز تا انجام در دست مقام رهبری و تحت نظارت وی می باشد. لکن در آخر اخذ نظر و تأیید نهایی مردم نیز مورد درخواست قانون اساسی است تا موافق با اصول مختلف قانون اساسی تجدید نظر در آن نیز ثمره آرای مردم بوده باشد. لذا قوه تأسیسی در این نظام آمیزه ای از مظاهر ولایت فقیه و اراده عام خواهد بود.»69
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قند خون. جهت انجام این تست، آزمایش خون گرفته می شود. صرف نظر از زمانی که آخرین وعده غذایی مصرف شده است، اگر سطح قند خون رندوم ۲۰۰ میلی گرم بر دسی لیتر و یا بیشتر باشد، دیابت تشخیص داده خواهد شد، به خصوص اگر علائمی از دیابت نیز ظاهر شده باشد.
- آزمایش قند خون ناشتا. سطح قند خون ناشتا باید کمتر از ۱۰۰ میلی گرم بر دسی لیتر باشد. در صورتی که سطح قند خون ما بین ۱۰۰ تا ۱۲۶ میلی گرم بر دسی لیتر باشد، پیش دیابت و بالای ۱۲۶ میلی گرم بر دسی لیتر، دیابت در نظرگرفته می شود.
- تست تحمل گلوکز. جهت انجام این تست، ابتدا سطح قند خون در حالت ناشتا اندازه گرفته می شود. سپس بعد از خوردن نوشیدنی قندی، سطح قند خون مجدد اندازه گیری خواهد شد. در صورتی که سطح قند خون دو ساعته، ۲۰۰ میلی گرم بر دسی لیتر و یا بیشتر باشد، دیابت تشخیص داده می شود.
غربالگری دیابت باید از چهل و پنج سالگی به بعد انجام شود، به خصوص افرادی که اضافه وزن دارند. اگر تست های تشخیصی نتایج نرمالی را نشان دادند، توصیه می شود که تست هر سه سال یک بار تکرار شود.
افراد زیر ۴۵ سالی که چاق هستند و مبتلا به بیماری های قلبی، و یا سابقه خانوادگی ابتلا به دیابت را دارند، باید زودتر نسبت به انجام تست های غربالگری دیابت اقدام کنند.
بعد از تشخیص دیابت، انجام تست های تکمیلی، به تشخیص بین دیابت نوع یک از نوع دو کمک می کند.
بعد از تشخیص
سطح هموگلوبین A1C باید دو تا چهار مرتبه در طول سال چک شود، که بستگی به سن و یا سایر شرایط نیز دارد. در مقایسه با سایر تست های تشخیصی، تست هموگلوبین A1C شاخص بهتری در تشخیص و درمان دیابت می باشد.
بالارفتن سطح A1C می تواند نشانه ای باشد از این که باید تغییری در مصرف داروها، وعده های غذایی و یا میزان فعالیت ایجاد شود.
علاوه بر تست A1C، معمولا آزمایش خون و ادرار جهت تعیین سطح کلسترول، عملکرد غده تیروئید، و هم چنین عملکرد کبد و کلیه ها از سوی پزشک تجویز می شود.
درمان دیابت
درمان دیابت شامل موارد زیر می باشد:
- داشتن رژیم غذایی سالم و متعادل
- ورزش و تمرینات بدنی
- کنترل سطح قند خون
با رعایت موارد گفته شده، علاوه بر کمک به درمان دیابت، از بروز علائم و عوارض بعدی پیشگیری خواهد شد.
رژیم غذایی
نکته ای که وجود دارد این است که رژیم غذایی خاصی برای درمان دیابت وجود ندارد، اما افراد دیابتی باید رژیم غذایی کم چرب و سرشار از فیبر داشته باشند. به همین خاطر، مصرف میوه و سبزیجات به شدت توصیه می شود.
مواد غذایی قندی که باعث بالا رفتن سطح قند خون می شوند، باید تا حد امکان از رژیم غذایی حذف شوند.
یکی دیگر از مواردی که در رژیم غذایی افراد دیابتی باید تحت کنترل باشد، مصرف کربوهیدرات می باشد، چرا که این ماده نیز بر روی سطح قند خون تاثیر می گذارد.
فعالیت و تحرک بدنی
فعالیت هایی مانند پیاده روی، شنا و دوچرخه سواری به افراد دیابتی توصیه می شود و این که این قبیل فعالیت ها باید بخشی از زندگی روزانه فرد شود. انجام این فعالیت ها در کنار تمرینات کششی، به پایین آمدن سطح قند خون و در نهایت درمان دیابت کمک می کند.
این نکته را در نظر داشته باشید که ورزش و تحرک بدنی، باعث می شود سطح قند خون پایین بیاید، به همین خاطر قبل از ورزش، حتما سطح قند خون باید چک شود.
کنترل سطح قند خون
بسته به نوع درمانی که برای فرد در نظر گرفته می شود، گاهی نیاز است قند خون چند بار در طول روز اندازه گرفته شود، به خصوص اگر بیمار انسولین دریافت می کند. در خصوص زمان و تعداد دفعات این کنترل حتما با پزشک خود مشورت کنید.
مصرف دارو و دریافت انسولین
معمولا در دیابت نوع دو، سطح قند خون با رژیم غذایی و ورزش، در حد نرمال و طبیعی باقی می ماند. اما گاهی مصرف دارو و یا درمان با انسولین برای بیمار در نظر گرفته خواهد شد. نوع داروی مصرفی به عواملی مانند سطح قند خون، شرایط بدنی بیمار و علائم و نشانه های موجود بستگی دارد.
متفورین، از جمله داروهایی است که برای بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع دو در نظر گرفته می شود. با مصرف این دارو، حساسیت بافت های بدن نسبت به انسولین بیشتر می شود، و در نتیجه بدن قادر به استفاده از انسولین خواهد بود.
علاوه بر این متفورمین، تولید گلوکز در کبد را کاهش می دهد. توصیه می شود در کنار مصرف این دارو، تغییراتی در سبک زندگی مانند کم کردن وزن و یا اهمیت دادن به ورزش و تحرک بدنی نیز در نظر گرفته شود.
در گذشته، انسولین آخرین درمانی بود که برای بیمار در نظر گرفته می شد، اما امروزه به دلیل مزایایی که دارد، زودتر در خط درمان در نظر گرفته می شود. از آن جایی که هضم انسولین از راه خوراکی سخت است، باید تزریق شود. در بیشتر موارد، تزریق انسولین با نوع طولانی اثر در شب ها شروع می شود.
درمان دیابت نوع دو در دوران بارداری، کمی متفاوت است و معمولا درمان با انسولین توصیه می شود. این نکته را در نظر داشته باشید که مصرف برخی داروهای فشار خون و کلسترول در دوران بارداری ممنوع می باشد.
Source: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351199Artificial Intelligence, NASA Data Used to Discover Eighth Planet Circling Distant Star
Our solar system now is tied for most number of planets around a single star, with the recent discovery of an eighth planet circling Kepler-90, a Sun-like star 2,545 light years from Earth. The planet was discovered in data from NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope.
Published December 14, 2017
Read more from NASA
Environment and Due Diligence Update #
Environment and Due Diligence Update # 54084358:1 我国古代性学的形成
据《国语》和《史记》记载，彭祖以长寿著称。晋代医学家葛洪曾为他立传。彭祖认为：情欲不可禁，男女相需犹如天地相合，一阴一阳谓之道，偏阴偏阳谓之疾。禁欲违反自然规律和人性有损健康，和谐的夫妻生活能增加精神活力，延年益寿。彭祖回答素女说：“受精养神，服食众药，可得长生。”他还对采女说：“黄帝宜知交接之法。法之要者，在于多御少女，而莫数泄精，使人身轻，百病消除也。”据《抱朴子》记载，彭祖曾有著作《彭祖经》问世。他不但是华夏养生之鼻祖，房中术之权威，而且是一位经验丰富的美容专家。据《北梦琐言》记载：“闾邱公大理评事时得此术（彭祖房中术）两面如桃，年过七十。”传说中的素女、玄女都是彭祖之术的传人。《素女经》说行房做到“八动不泻，身体生光”。《玄女经》说：“能知其道（指房术），乐而且强，寿即延增，色如华英。”孙思邈曾总结彭祖房术，认为大要在于“闭固”，“闭固”是指交不即泄（延长交合时间）和不屡交屡泄（多交少泄）。彭祖一派认为，这样做不但可“乐而不损”，而且能起到“老有美色”的作用。
范文澜在《中国道史简编》中说，房中类“是调节性欲以求寿考”。在历代著名养生家中首推彭祖，因为他的房中术使他在防老抗衰、长寿、美容方面取得了卓越的成就。彭祖采用导引、服饵、房术、蒸脐法等，都是围绕提高性腺机能活力这个轴心的，这是他长寿美容的秘诀所在。因此葛洪说：“长生之要，其在房中”。而房中的核心技术之一即是以“闭固”为大旨，即在性交时体内真气不外泄而求得延年长生。历代养生家都十分重视房中，“房中”用现代的话说就是“性理养生”。
1.2 我国房室学说的三大学派
我国古代房室学说有如下三大学派，即道学学派、儒学学派和医学学派。所谓道学学派是指春秋战国时期的道家学派。春秋时期的老子提出“节育保精”之说，是我国古代房室学说的基本思想。秦汉之际的黄老学派，东汉以后的道教学者，是托黄帝立言而对老子学说进行改造和发展的一种新道学。这一学派继随、发展了老子的节育保精之说，这从马王堆房中著作及《黄帝内经》等黄老之说的著作中可以充分看得出来。
儒家学派的创始人是孔子（公元前551～前479）。据《纬》书载，孔子曾著有房中学著作《秘书房记》一书。儒家道家是从人体生命学的角度去研究房中学，因此对于房中养生的理论、方法较为专深，较为开拓。是在礼仪道德的政治观和哲学观的支配下去研究修生养性，从而注重房中节育的问题的，礼法框架较多。
自汉代开始，统治者尊崇儒学，视医为儒者之余，因此儒学出身的医家才以防病除疾为专门职业，在房中医学上主要以治疗性病为主，如华佗《结毒（花柳病）科秘传》就是这种性医学著作。儒家亦重视养生延年，所以不少医家亦接受了道家房中养生的理论方法。
从发展时期来看，可以划分为三个历史时期：第一个时期是先秦两汉时期，这一时期以节育保精之说为宗旨；第二个时期是汉末魏晋以后，直至隋唐五代时期，这一时期过多地宣扬“数数御女”，闭精不泄，还精补脑之说，因此以纵欲固精为其特点；第三个时期是宋元明清时期，这一时期由于程朱理学“存天理，灭人欲”的思想统治的影响，以及“不孝有三，无后为大”这一封建道德观的作用，因此房室文化遭禁抑和房中求嗣的研究是其特点。自此，性学问题的研究在中国社会里扭曲、变形，被禁锢差不多有千余年。
1.3 对我国古代性学的评述
我国古代房室学说不但开创早，且所存文献资料数量之众多，内容之丰富，也是世界各国所不能相比的。从现存文献所提及的古代房中著作的书名来看，亦有几百种之多。它为现今性学研究提供了丰富的文献资料。中国古代性学家对性生理、性心理、性行为、性与时间、性与环境、性与健康、性与养生、性与美容、性与长寿、性与智慧、性与优生、性与社会、性与自然、性与医药、性与文艺、性与文化等方面的研究已达到了相当的高度。有些方面特别是性与养生、性与长寿、性与智慧等领域的实践，更令现代性学家们望尘莫及。国际性学会有人提出世界三大性学经典之说：印度之《伽玛素特喇》（Kamasutra），说是印度孔雀王朝时的作品；古犹太王国之《达妙德》（Tamud），说是2900年前之作；中国之《素女经》，他们说是春秋战国或秦汉之际的作品。但前述两书皆极其简略零星，唯我国之《素女经》有论、有方、有药、完整成帙，堪称经典。
荷兰学者高罗佩在其所著《中国古代房内考》中评论道：“由于中国人认为性行为是自然秩序的一部分，而且性交是每个男人和女人的神圣职责……也许正是这种几乎不存在任何压抑的精神状态，使中国古代性生活从总体上讲是一种健康的性生活，它显然没有像其他许多伟大的古老文化那样有着许多病理和心理的变态”。
也必须指出的是我国古代房室学说亦有偏颇或不科学之处。正如中国性学会理事、江苏省性学会副理事长储兆瑞教授所说：“中国的性文化一直提倡‘节精养生’、‘节精长寿’这其实是一种误解”。我们当用历史唯物主义和现代科学观的态度，实事求是地去研究和应用我国古代的房室学说。
2 现代性学的发展
2.1 我国现代性学的发展
我国近代性科学的倡议者，要算20世纪20年代北京大学的风俗调查委员会主任张竞生博士。20世纪30年代初期，他编著的《性史》一书出版，在社会上引起了一声轩然大波。他在汕头的一些报刊上介绍霭理士性生理学的某些科学理述，发表了“节育优生”的意见，竟被认为是“卖春博士”。
潘光旦教授于1939年11月开始翻译霭理士的《性心理学》并把许多有关性方面的情况都注了进去。1946年，此书的中文版正式出版。社会学家费孝通在20世纪40年代出版了《生育制度》一书，论证了*行为对社会绵续和稳定具有的两重性。
新中国成立后，关于性学问题的研究仍像严冬一样，未予解冻。只有1956年出版过王文斌的《性的知识》和于光远主编的《性知识》两本小册子，此后20余年不见动静。直到1963年周总理指示医务工作者，一定要把青春期的性卫生知识教给男女青年们，这才将这方面的知识写入教材。但总的来说，对于性学的研究仍处于封闭状态，人们依然谈性色变，深怕有诲淫之嫌。
进入20世纪80年代，在改革开放方针的推动下，一方面是外国的性学著作传入国内，更主要的是医学家要深入研究其疾病的治疗问题，生理学家、遗传学家、解剖学家、社会学家、心理学家、法学家、教育家等，均从自己的专业出发而对性学问题进行广泛深入的研究。20世纪70年代末以后，中国养生之学大兴，益寿延年之学具有广泛的魅力，人们越来越深刻地认识到遗传、优生与长寿有着极其重要的关系。因而，婚姻、恋爱、健康、血缘、房室交合等都对优生起着重要的作用。1982年吴阶平教授主持编译了《性医学》一书。此后，在不到10年时间内，竟出版了性学著作90余部，其中关于中国古代的房中学著作亦有二三。此外，各地性学会的相继成立和性学杂志的问世，使中国文化界在性学研究方面出现了蔚为可观的崭新气象。
2.2 西方现代性学的发展
西方性学研究一般认为最早出现于19世纪的德国。1886年德国精神病医生克拉夫特·埃宾的著作《性心理病》的出版，是性学成为独立科学的标志。这本书以后又修订了12版，它概括了早期医学，尤其是精神病学对性的研究。以奥地利的弗洛伊德和英国的霭理士为代表的性学初创时期的首批学者，他们研究的中心问题是性变态和正常人的性心理。霭理士曾先后出版7卷巨著《性心理研究》。弗洛伊德于1950年出版了性学三论。参与过性研究开创工作的还有摩尔、福勒尔、赫西菲尔德等人。摩尔是德国医学家，世界第一本《性学手册》就是他编写的。福勒尔是瑞士的一家医院的院长，他热心性科学的普及和教育工作。赫西菲尔德也是德国医生，1896年他用笔名写了一本书《怎样解释男人或女人爱同性的人》，1908年，他编辑出版了世界上第一种性科学杂志。被誉为性科学之父的布洛赫是现代性科学的奠基人之一，他最早把社会学的研究方法引入性障碍研究，“性科学”术语就是他最先提出来的。
美国印第安纳大学的生物学教授金西创造了一套特殊的面对面调查和记录的方法，接受其调查者达17000人之多，对每个被调查者的提问多达350个。他在1948年和1953年发表的《人类男性性行为》和《人类女性性行为》被誉为现代性学的第一座里程碑。美国的马斯特斯和约翰逊在1959年以后重新闯入曾使华生（他在1920年前后对人类性反应进行了实验室研究）身败名裂的研究禁区。经过对700多名男女受试者多种性行为方式的上万次性反应过程的科学观察和测试，于1966年发表了《人类性反应》专著，被誉为现代性学的第二座里程碑。又于1970年发表了《人类性功能障碍》一书，为行为疗法奠定了理论基础。紧随其后的美国卡普兰女士，提出了性欲是性反应的基础，在1974年出版
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too much can worsen breakouts. This happens when a person removes too much natural oil from the skin. The skin may compensate by producing more oil, which clogs pores and leads to more pimples.
If a person is exfoliating too much, the skin may become irritated or feel very tight after washing.
14. Reduce stress
Stress often causes inflammation, which can make breakouts worse.
Below are some means of reducing stress that may help to prevent acne:
- doing yoga
- relaxing before bed by reading or taking a bath
- spending time in nature
- engaging in hobbies
15. Keep facial care products clean
Makeup and facial sponges and brushes should be cleaned regularly with soap and water to prevent a buildup of bacteria, which could lead to breakouts.
Make sure that brushes dry completely before use.New algorithm could enable household robots to better identify objects in cluttered environments
For household robots ever to be practical, they'll need to be able to recognize the objects they're supposed to manipulate. But while object recognition is one of the most widely studied topics in artificial intelligence, even the best object detectors still fail much of the time.
Researchers at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory believe that household robots should take advantage of their mobility and their relatively static environments to make object recognition easier, by imaging objects from multiple perspectives before making judgments about their identity. Matching up the objects depicted in the different images, however, poses its own computational challenges.
In a paper appearing in a forthcoming issue of the International Journal of Robotics Research, the MIT researchers show that a system using an off-the-shelf algorithm to aggregate different perspectives can recognize four times as many objects as one that uses a single perspective, while reducing the number of misidentifications.
They then present a new algorithm that is just as accurate but that, in some cases, is 10 times as fast, making it much more practical for real-time deployment with household robots.
"If you just took the output of looking at it from one viewpoint, there's a lot of stuff that might be missing, or it might be the angle of illumination or something blocking the object that causes a systematic error in the detector," says Lawson Wong, a graduate student in electrical engineering and computer science and lead author on the new paper. "One way around that is just to move around and go to a different viewpoint."
Wong and his thesis advisors—Leslie Kaelbling, the Panasonic Professor of Computer Science and Engineering, and Tomás Lozano-Pérez, the School of Engineering Professor of Teaching Excellence—considered scenarios in which they had 20 to 30 different images of household objects clustered together on a table. In several of the scenarios, the clusters included multiple instances of the same object, closely packed together, which makes the task of matching different perspectives more difficult.
The first algorithm they tried was developed for tracking systems such as radar, which must also determine whether objects imaged at different times are in fact the same. "It's been around for decades," Wong says. "And there's a good reason for that, which is that it really works well. It's the first thing that most people think of."
For each pair of successive images, the algorithm generates multiple hypotheses about which objects in one correspond to which objects in the other. The problem is that the number of hypotheses compounds as new perspectives are added. To keep the calculation manageable, the algorithm discards all but its top hypotheses at each step. Even so, sorting through them all, after the last hypothesis has been generated, is a time-consuming task.
In hopes of arriving at a more efficient algorithm, the MIT researchers adopted a different approach. Their algorithm doesn't discard any of the hypotheses it generates across successive images, but it doesn't attempt to canvass them all, either. Instead, it samples from them at random. Since there's significant overlap between different hypotheses, an adequate number of samples will generally yield consensus on the correspondences between the objects in any two successive images.
To keep the required number of samples low, the researchers adopted a simplified technique for evaluating hypotheses. Suppose that the algorithm has identified three objects from one perspective and four from another. The most mathematically precise way to compare hypotheses would be to consider every possible set of matches between the two groups of objects: the set that matches objects 1, 2, and 3 in the first view to objects 1, 2, and 3 in the second; the set that matches objects 1, 2, and 3 in the first to objects 1, 2, and 4 in the second; the set that matches objects 1, 2, and 3 in the first view to objects 1, 3, and 4 in the second, and so on. In this case, if you include the possibilities that the detector has made an error and that some objects are occluded from some views, that approach would yield 304 different sets of matches.
Instead, the researchers' algorithm considers each object in the first group separately and evaluates its likelihood of mapping onto an object in the second group. So object 1 in the first group could map onto objects 1, 2, 3, or 4 in the second, as could object 2, and so on. Again, with the possibilities of error and occlusion factored in, this approach requires only 20 comparisons.
It does, however, open the door to nonsensical results. The algorithm could conclude that the most likely match for object 3 in the second group is object 3 in the first—and it could also conclude that the most likely match for object 4 in the second group is object 3 in the first. So the researchers' algorithm also looks for such double mappings and re-evaluates them. That takes extra time, but not nearly as much as considering aggregate mappings would. In this case, the algorithm would perform 32 comparisons—more than 20, but significantly less than 304.
This story is republished courtesy of MIT News (web.mit.edu/newsoffice/), a popular site that covers news about MIT research, innovation and teaching.Namsa, Nima D and Tag, Hui and Mandal, M and Kalita, P and Das, AK (2009) An ethnobotanical study of traditional anti-inflammatory plants used by the Lohit community of Arunachal Pradesh, India. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 125 (2). pp. 234-245.
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Aim of the study: Most people especially in rural areas depend on herbal medicines to treat many diseases including inflammation-related ailments such as rheumatism, muscle swelling, cut wound, accidental bone fracture, insect bites, pains and burn by fire and hot water. The objectives of this study were: to catalog ethno-medicinal plants of Lohit community, ecological status, indigenous folk medicinal uses, morphological parts used and to determine their reported pharmacological studies. Materials and methods: The ethnobotanical information on traditional medicinal plants exclusively used for management of inflammation-related ailments by the Khampti community of Arunachal Pradesh, India was based on first-hand field survey work through semi-structured interviews. Results and conclusion: A total of 34 species in 32 genera and 22 families were encountered during the field survey. Botanical families such as Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Zingiberaceae and Lamiaceae were represented by the highest numbers of species reported in this study. Thirteen plant species, namely: Bombax ceiba, Canarium strictum, Chloranthus erectus, Xanthium indicum, Lycopodium clavatum, Coleus blumei, Batrachospermum atrum, Chlorella vulgaris, Marchantia palmata, Marchantia polymorpha, Eria pannea, Sterculia villosa and Alpinia galanga are reported for the first time for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Additional Information:||Copyright of this article belongs to Elsevier science.|
|Keywords:||Ethnobotany; Khampti tribe; Lohit District; Anti-inflammatory plants; Arunachal Pradesh|
|Department/Centre:||Division of Biological Sciences > Microbiology & Cell Biology|
|Date Deposited:||29 Dec 2009 10:16|
|Last Modified:||19 Sep 2010 05:50|
Actions (login required)不接种疫苗是经济的免费乘客
在第一个月，香港只有40万人接种了新的电晕肺炎疫苗。 （资料图片）
在香港，接种新型电晕肺炎疫苗的人数并不理想。 第一个月只有40万人接种了疫苗。 调查显示，只有40％的人口愿意接种疫苗。 在接受新华社采访时，执行董事林郑月娥表示，一些公民感到关切，一些媒体的报道具有误导性。 但是，如果没有疫苗，他们将无法完全控制这一流行病。 因此，这需要大量的教育和宣传。 政府将继续宣布促进疫苗接种。 政治期望更多的公民接种疫苗。
嘉莉·林（Carrie Lam）的评论表明，她根本不了解疫苗接种的数学计算。 由于您不了解，因此不可能制定有效的政策。 毫不奇怪，疫苗接种不如理想。 当然，凭着香港人的才智，没有多少人了解这些原则。 至少，我从未见过有效的分析。
在回答之前，让我问一个问题：美国人一直有一种“不听政府讲话”的文化和一种拒绝接种疫苗的文化，为什么疫苗接种率如此之高？ 有些人甚至想接种疫苗，即使他们违法或假装自己的身份。 另一方面，香港人更不用说拒绝与政府合作的黄色丝绸，甚至是非常听话的蓝色丝绸。 有很多人拒绝接种疫苗吗？
原因是：该流行病席卷美国，不进行疫苗接种非常危险，因此至关重要。 另一方面，在香港，由于疫情已得到控制，因此接种疫苗几乎无济于事，也不能排除副作用。 因此，经过深思熟虑，大多数人最终选择不接种疫苗。
因此，疫苗是完全有利可图的数学方法。 如果您甚至不了解简单的数学运算，那么就不可能制定有效的策略。
因此，政府不能说应该为人民的安全注射疫苗，而是要说这是公民的责任，为人民的利益而进行的斗争，如果不参加斗争就不是好公民。 这是为了给那些拒绝的人蒙上污名，尽管这并没有多大效果，但至少是更诚实的。
林郑月娥还表示，如果疫苗接种率达到70％，就会有牛群免疫，其他地方也愿意通过海关，与香港进行人员往来。 实际上，如果维持当前的抗流行病政策，并且整个镇都不会接种疫苗，那么危险就不会很大。 只是我们不想永远与流行作斗争，我们想在流行之前恢复正常生活。 那么我们需要接种疫苗并产生牛群免疫力。
但是，这导致了另一种策略，即“你打我，别打我”。 让其他人获得畜群免疫力。 这样，我不必冒任何副作用，但是我可以获得所有好处，这就是“免费骑手”（free rider）的经济意义。
资料来源：https://www.am730.com.hk/column/Finance/经济不免费接种疫苗-262610Video da brividi: si lanciano con il paracadute e sfiorano la morte9 Febbraio 2015 - 11:07
Un volo da 13mila piedi di altezza che poteva trasformarsi in una tragedia. Nel video pubblicato pochi giorni fa dall'istruttore Forest Pullman si vede il momento in cui i due paracadutisti hanno sfiorato la morte. Il pilota dall'aereo da cui si sono lanciati, in Thailandia, non si è accorto durante la virata che stava prendendo in pieno loro e il loro paracadute. Per fortuna tutto alla fine si è concluso nel migliore dei modi. "Ci mancava davvero poco e l'ala e l'elica ci avrebbero colpito in pieno", ha scritto l'istruttore.有很多的疾病在不发作的时候和正常人没有什么不一样，发作起来就是很严重的一个疾病，癫痫这个疾病就大理州中医治疗癫痫病很好医院是一个很明显的例子。而且癫痫这个疾病对人体的危害是很大的。
一、癫痫病症状主要有反复性刻板动作：癫痫各发作类型的发生率随年龄而不同，癫痫的失大理州中医治疗癫痫病很好医院神小发作其临床表现与中枢神经系统的成熟程度密切相关。除常见的发生于儿童任何年龄的大发作外，儿童癫痫其临床表现形式多为刻板的反复性动作，并常伴有异常的眼球运动。
二、癫痫病症状主要有智力障碍：凡有明显脑器质性、遗传性、代谢性病因者，以及有神经系统异常体征者，几乎均有智能低下。年龄越小，智能障碍发生率越高，而不同发作类型伴智力下降者，由高到大理州中医治疗癫痫病很好医院低，依次为婴儿痉挛、失神发作，而且发作越频繁，智能低下率越高，严重发作本身即可影响智力发育。
三、癫痫病症状主要有良性家族性新生儿癫痫：为家族性疾病，多在2～3天至数周内起病，个别可在生后3个月时出现频繁的惊厥发作，发作形式为部分性或全身性，表现为阵挛性、强直性抽搐或呼吸暂停。家族中数代连续多人在新生儿期有惊厥，一般3周内停止发作，个别可达生后8个月，约15%的病婴儿至儿童期或成年期又发生癫痫。
除此之外，没有一种例行性的检查可以作为癫痫诊断的依据。而鉴别癫痫诊断要靠详细的病史，尤其常需要有见证人的描述和补充。通过上面的介绍，相信患者朋友对疾病的相关信息都有一些了解。如果您还有不明白的地方，可以咨询我院医生QQ进行提问，医生会耐心的为您解答疑问，相信您会得到帮助。祝您早日康复!به گزارش پایگاه خبری بازار سرمایه (سنا)، نفت خام برنت در آغاز معاملات امروز با ۷ سنت معادل ۰.۱ درصد افزایش به ۹۷ دلار و ۹۹ سنت در هر بشکه رسید، نفت خام وست تگزاس اینترمدیت آمریکا (WTI) با ۷ سنت معادل ۰.۱ درصد افزایش و به ۹۱ دلار و ۸۶ سنت در هر بشکه رسید.
این در حالی است که مقامات بهداشتی چین در آخر هفته، بر تعهد چین نسبت به سیاست سختگیرانه در برابر کووید صفر تاکید کردند. همچنین دادههای اخیر نشان میدهد که صادرات و واردات کشور در ماه اکتبر بهطور غیرمنتظرهای کاهش یافته است.
به گفته تحلیلگران ANZ Research، عوامل بنیادی کوتاهمدت، بر قیمت نفت اثر افزایشی داشته و در حال حاضر، تمرکز بر مسائل مربوط به عرضه است.
ANZ افزود: بازار با ضربالاجل واردات اروپایی نفت روسیه پیش از شروع تحریم ها مواجه است.
ممنوعیت اتحادیه اروپا بر نفت روسیه که در تلافی حمله روسیه به اوکراین اعمال شد، قرار است از پنجم دسامبر آغاز شود و پس از آن واردات فرآورده های نفتی در فوریه متوقف شود.
تینا تنگ، تحلیلگر CMC Markets گفت: فعالان بازار به دادههای CPI ایالات متحده در این هفته برای نشانههای معاملاتی چشم دوختهاند که در جایی که تورم چسبنده ممکن است موضع جنگ طلبانه فدرال رزرو را تقویت کند و ترس از رکود را تشدید کند.
نظرسنجی اولیه رویترز در روز دوشنبه نشان داد انتظار میرود ذخایر نفت خام آمریکا در هفته گذشته حدود ۱.۱ میلیون بشکه افزایش یابد.
قیمت نفت و طلا در معاملات امروز
به گزارش سنا از سی ان بی سی، قیمت نفت برنت در معاملات امروز، سهشنبه، ۸ نوامبر، در ساعت ۱۰:۴۶ به وقت تهران، با کاهش ۰.۲۱ درصدی در هر بشکه، ۹۷ دلار و ۷۰ معامله شد.
قیمت نفت خام آمریکا (وست تگزاس اینترمدیت) نیز تا لحظه تنظیم گزارش، کاهش ۰.۳۴ درصدی را به ثبت رساند و در هر بشکه، ۹۱ دلار و ۴۷ سنت معامله شد.
طلا نیز تا لحظه تنظیم این گزارش، کاهش ۰.۴۷ درصدی را تجربه کرد و هر اونس طلا به قیمت یک هزار و ۶۷۲ دلار و ۶۰ سنت معامله شد.
نقره نیز با کاهش ۰.۹۳ درصدی، ۲۰ هزار و ۷۲۵ دلار معامله شد.1. Yemek yeme alışkanlıklarınızı değiştirin
Sağlıklı bir diyete bağlı kalmak, sadece şekil ve genel refah için değil aynı zamanda beyin için de faydalıdır. Her zamanki davranışınızda basit değişikliklerle başlayın. Örneğin, bir fincan kahveyi yeşil çayla değiştirin. Beyin hücrelerinin zarar görmemesi için daha az kafein ve birçok antioksidan içerir. Füme yiyeceklerin alımını azaltın.
Sağlıklı bir diyet bütün gün sadece salata ve mısır gevreği yemeniz gerektiği anlamına gelmez. Bilim adamları, yüksek oranda sebze, meyve, zeytin yağı, balık ve deniz ürünleri ile karakterize olan Akdeniz diyetinin beyin hücre kaybını azaltmaya ve zihinsel yetenekleri korumaya yardımcı olduğunu bulmuşlardır .
2. Her gün en az 20 dakika spor yapın
Fiziksel aktivite sağlıklı beyni korumak için esastır. Aerobik kan dolaşımını arttırır, hafızayı iyileştirir ve yeni beyin hücrelerinin büyümesini uyarır. Vücutta yeni sinirsel bağlantılar açar.
Spor, beyinde küçük bir antidepresan dozu ile aynı etkiye sahiptir. Fiziksel aktivite stres ile başa çıkmanıza da yardımcı olur. Aerobik veya başka bir sporu haftada en az 1,5 saat, yani günde 20 dakika yapın.
3. Sürekli olarak yaptıklarınızı değiştirin.
Çeşitli görevlerle zorlarsanız beyniniz daha uzun süre genç kalır. Popüler inanışın aksine, beyin programlanmamıştır, ancak değişebilir.Örneğin, eski alışkanlıklardan kurtulabilir ve yenileriyle değiştirebilirsiniz. Beynin bu özelliğine nöroplastisite denir .
4. Yeterince uyuyun
Yeterince uyuduğumuzda glifatik sistemimiz, Alzheimer hastalığı
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vano forti dolori.
Nel 1992 i fastidi divennero cosi acuti da non permettergli più di indossare i guanti operatori o di flettere le dita.
«Ero ormai consapevole della patologia che mi aveva colpito: una radiodermite cronica e irreversibile, che era in via di cancerizzazione. Avevo gia visto alcuni miei docenti di chirurgia e colleghi traumatologi morire in seguito a tale tumore maligno, che dalle mani si era poi esteso ai gangli linfatici e a diversi organi del corpo. Perciò decisi di non avviare su di me terapie che giudicavo inefficaci».
Un incontro al ministero
Durante quei primi mesi di inattività, Nevado pensò di dedicarsi al vigneto di cui era proprietario. Per informarsi sui contributi della Comunità europea e sulla normativa vigente si recò a Madrid, al ministero dell'Agricoltura. Non aveva appuntamento e cosi scoprì che il funzionario responsabile del settore era assente. Ed è qui che la vicenda umana del dottore comincia a intrecciarsi con il beato Escrivá, nel novembre 1992. «Una segretaria venne a chiedermi se potevo riceverlo», racconta l'ingegnere Luis Eugenio Bernardo Carrascal, membro dell'Opus Dei dal 1965, «e io gli fornii tutte le informazioni di cui aveva bisogno. Al termine del nostro colloquio, familiarizzammo un po' e colsi l'occasione per chiedergli che cosa avesse alle mani. Nel salutarlo, gli diedi un'immaginetta del beato Josemaría, suggerendogli di invocare la sua intercessione, come faccio abitualmente con tutte le persone con le quali entro in contatto».
Nella cattedrale di Vienna
Qualche giorno dopo, il dottor Nevado si recò a Vienna con la moglie e li trovò, nella cattedrale di Santo Stefano e in varie altre chiese, libri e santini di Escrivá. «Dell'Opera e del suo fondatore avevo già sentito parlare, quando ero studente a Madrid e avevo partecipato ad alcune meditazioni spirituali tenute in una residenza universitaria da don Raimundo Panikkar. Poi, pero, avevo perso i contatti e soltanto durante il viaggio in Austria compresi quanto fosse diffusa la devozione verso monsignor Escrivá. Allora cominciai a pregare più intensamente e in brevissimo tempo mi accorsi che non avevo più problemi, tanto da poter nuovamente riprendere a lavorare sin dagli inizi del 1993, nel desiderio di ricambiare il più possibile il bene che avevo ricevuto».
Poco prima del Natale del 1992, la telefonata di auguri all'ingegner Carrascal si carica d'emozione: «Nevado mi chiamò per dirmi con grande gioia che era completamente guarito e che i sintomi della malattia erano scomparsi. Quando replicai: "Ma non dicevi che era inguaribile?", mi rispose commosso che era successo qualcosa di cui non riusciva a trovare una spiegazione».
Fra pochi mesi la canonizzazione
Dopo i consueti procedimenti previsti dalla congregazione per le Cause dei santi, la Consulta medica ha riconosciuto la guarigione «molto rapida, completa e duratura; scientificamente inspiegabile». La letteratura scientifica considera infatti la radiodermite cancerosa una malattia incurabile.
Le residue alterazioni sulla cute delle mani sono state giudicate come esiti stabilizzati, che attestano il lungo decorso della malattia e la gravità raggiunta dalle pregresse lesioni. I consultori teologi hanno confermato l'intercessione del beato Escrivá. Così, a cento anni esatti dalla nascita del fondatore dell'Opus Dei, l'elevazione all'onore degli altari è ormai a portata di mano.“史上百种励志经典”之一。
颠覆美国民众传统健康理念的身心灵励志经典！
最值得收藏的王小波经典作品！读王小波，读懂自由。
一部影响20世纪并经久不衰的经典财富名著。
选入《天使安魂三部曲》，阅读之前，没有真相！
来自瑞典，史无前例攻占全球畅销书榜的完美小说！The following article was published by Nature Microbiology for its November 2021 issue. It was written by Emily Speranza and explains the implications of an earlier study published by the same journal.
Speranza says that children uninfected and infected by SARS-CoV-2 both have innate immune systems that primed, and hence, offers protection against severe disease. This is based on the earlier study which found that “uninfected children have more immune cells in their nasal passage and that those cells, along with the epithelial cells, have a ‘pre-activated’ signature that is not present in uninfected adults. Children also had stronger innate immune responses than adults after infection with SARS-CoV-2, which suggests that pre-activation may help to control SARS-CoV-2 infection in children”.
Speranza concludes her article with the following words: “These findings shine a light on the role of the host innate immune response in controlling SARS-CoV-2. The innate immune response has an important role in controlling a viral infection in the absence of pre-existing immunity, especially in older populations.”
Editor’s Note: This article is merely a confirmation of various other researches we have found in earlier days that children are in no danger of COVID if their immune systems are healthy [see Understanding the immune system of children may be the key to understanding susceptibility to SARS-COV-2, Why is the coronavirus sparing kids?, Overcome the fear: Sign petition to end lockdowns of children and the youth].
It is also a confirmation that a healthy immune system can protect against severe COVID, despite governments ignoring this fact [Also read The Science is Clear: Our Immune System Can Confer Natural Immunity Against COVID and its Variants, Immune system has 27x more protective power than vaccines: Case for COVID vaccine passports demolished, CDC cheats reporting on breakthrough cases, vaccinated in Israel 6.74 times more likely to be infected, natural immunity the way out].
If children’s immune systems are ready and primed for SARS-CoV-2, then why do they need the COVID vaccine?
Some parents might be tempted to think, “better safe than sorry”, and opt to get their children vaccinated, despite the evidence showing they have no need for it. For these parents, we need to say: vaccinating your children will not only expose them to the risk of side effects, you are also effectively destroying your child’s immune system, exposing them to greater risk of COVID [see No justification for vaccine passports: UK data shows fully vaccinated more prone to COVID infection than unvaccinated, UK Government Data: Vaccinated are Seeing their Immune Response Plummet by About 5% Each Week, Covid-Injection Lowers Natural Immunity by five- to six-fold].
Can you imagine what can happen to your children after a year of coronavirus abuse? [Also read What happens to children’s immune systems after a year of lockdowns and social distancing?, School Closures and Masking Kids are Irrational, Unscientific, and Child abuse.]
Perhaps this is the time to revisit these two articles published in 2020 which has become even more relevant now, see Our immune system is the biggest mystery during this coronavirus outbreak, and What if COVID-19 immunity doesn’t last?Battery makers have for years been trying to replace the graphite anode in lithium-ion batteries with a version made of silicon, which would give electric vehicles a much longer range. Some batteries with silicon anodes are getting close to market for wearables and electronics. The recipes for these silicon-rich anodes that a handful of companies are developing typically use silicon oxide or a mix of silicon and carbon.
But Irvine, CA-based Enevate is using an engineered porous film made mainly of pure silicon. In addition to being inexpensive, the new anode material, which founder and chief technology officer Benjamin Park has spent more than 10 years developing, will lead to an electric vehicle (EV) that has 30 percent more range on a single charge than today’s EVs. What’s more, the battery Enevate envisions could be charged up enough in five minutes to deliver 400 km of driving range.
Big names in the battery and automotive business are listening. Carmakers Renault, Nissan, and Mitsubishi, as well as battery-makers LG Chem and Samsung, are investors. And lithium battery pioneer and 2019 Chemistry Nobel Prize winner John Goodenough is on the company’s Advisory Board.
When lithium-ion batteries are charged, lithium ions move from the cathode to the anode. The more ions the anode can hold, the higher its energy capacity, and the longer the battery can run. Silicon can in theory hold ten times the energy of graphite. But it also expands and contracts dramatically, falling apart after a few charge cycles.
To get around that, battery makers such as Tesla today add just a tiny bit of silicon to graphite powder. The powder is mixed with a glue-like plastic called a binder and is coated on a thin copper foil to make the anode. But, says Park, lithium ions react with silicon first, before graphite. “The silicon still expands quite a bit, and that plastic binder is weak,” he says, explaining that the whole electrode is more likely to degrade as the amount of silicon is ramped up.
Edge of punched double-sided finished anode, with copper foil in the middle.Image: Enevate
Enevate does not use plastic binders. Instead, its patented process creates the porous 10- to 60-µm-thick silicon film directly on a copper foil. The cherry on top is a nanometers-thick protective coating, which, says Park, “prevents the silicon from reacting with the electrolyte.” That type of reaction can also damage a battery.
The process does not require high-quality silicon, so anodes of this type cost less than their graphite counterparts of the same capacity. And because the material is mostly silicon, lithium ions can slip in and out very quickly, charging the battery to 75 percent of its capacity in five minutes, without causing much expansion. Park likens it to a high-capacity movie theater. “If you have a full movie theater it takes a long time to find the one empty seat. We have a theater with ten times more capacity. Even if we fill that theater halfway, [it still doesn’t take long] to find empty seats.”
The company’s roll-to-roll processing techniques can make silicon anodes quickly enough for high-volume manufacturing, says Park. By coupling the silicon anode with conventional cathode materials such as nickel-manganese-cobalt, they have made battery cells with energy densities as high as 350 watt-hours per kilogram, which is about 30 percent more than the specific energy of today’s lithium-ion batteries. Enevate says it is now working with multiple major automotive companies to develop standard-size battery cells for 2024-25 model year EVs.Copyright © 2010 by What are Barriers of Communication – Top 10 Barriers: Organisational Barriers, Status Barriers, Perceptual Barriers, Specialization, Pressure of Time and a Few Others . Barrier options are a type of option in which payout depends on whether the option has reached or exceeded a pre-determined barrier price. A fence or other obstacle that prevents movement or access. Understanding common barriers to physical activity and creating strategies to overcome them may help make physical activity part of daily life. Does English Have More Words Than Any Other Language? You can get a certain insight into human nature from analysing the words that people look up in dictionaries. In most cultures, saying NO is not a common expected answer. This is the worst enemy of time management. They are fearful that unemployment will soon break the barrier of three million. You can see how Barrier families moved over time by selecting different census years. This is one of the most common glitches of time management. Origin barrier (1300-1400) Old French barriere, from barre; → BAR 1 How to use barrier in a sentence. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! Once a barrier is knocked in, or comes into existence, the option remains in existence until it expires. an anxiety disorder in which patients are driven to repeat the same act, such as washing their hands, over and over again, usually for many hours. Think about which tasks you are delaying for tomorrow and how you are going to compensate the time for it. (TAS: "The Time Trap"). Study guides for every stage of your learning journey. It can also be a knock-in, meaning it has no value until the underlying reaches a certain price. In an up-and-in barrier option, the option only comes into existence if the price of the underlying asset rises above the pre-specified barrier, which is set above the underlying's initial price. If there is a task that is neither urgent nor important, then simply delete it from your list. Read our series of blogs to find out more. Lack of enough courage to say (NO) to some tasks can present a big problem for an effective time management. 'Hepatomegaly' and 'hydronephrosis' are among the most frequently looked-up words in September. Barrier options are typically classified as either knock-in or knock-out. If there is a task that is not a priority, then delay it. natural barrier • This can result from government regulation or from other natural barriers. We have almost 200 lists of words from topics as varied as types of butterflies, jackets, currencies, vegetables and knots! By using Investopedia, you accept our. Knock-in options may be classified as up-and-in or down-and-in. By recognizing these challenges, we will be able to manage our time more intelligently. Barrier options offer cheaper premiums as compared to standard options and are also used to hedge positions. The option is now worthless, even if it only touched $25 briefly and then dropped back below. Time management is not just using a diary to record your tasks and appointments. Here Are Our Top English Tips, The Best Articles To Improve Your English Language Usage, The Most Common English Language Questions. Contrary to knock-in barrier options, knock-out barrier options cease to exist if the underlying asset reaches a barrier during the life of the option. In 1840 there were 15 Barrier families living in North Carolina. If an underlying asset reaches the barrier at any time during the option's life, the option is knocked out, or terminated. “Barrier.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/barrier. Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible). How to use barrier in a sentence. Some tasks are important, but they are not urgent. By delaying any of our tasks for tomorrow, we are losing our time of NOW and TOMORROW! 1A fence or other obstacle that prevents movement or access. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Last 50 years Elysia was described by Devna, as a pocket in the garment of time. Someone who wants to hedge a position, but only if the price of the underlying reaches a specific level, may opt to use knock-in options. A gate at a car park or railway station that controls access by being raised or lowered. Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? Lack of a strategic direction in any organization can lead to a centralized working system. The online version of the Collins Dictionary has just been updated again, with another batch of new words and meanings inspired by the events of the summer. The lower premium of the barrier option may make this more appealing than using non-barrier American or European options. Just like accelerating a car while on a highway, if you come across too many stop signs, turns, and humpers, it takes you more time get to the destination.导语：老话说“寡妇门前是非多”，这句话其实对大部分寡妇是不公平的，这是外界强加或者外人先入为主携入给寡妇的“是非”，他们自己并非是“是非”的制造者。
但也有个别寡妇自暴自弃，因为自己是寡妇就堕落下去，最终不仅遭人白眼，还可能失去性命。下面我们要说一桩令人唏嘘不已的命案，一个寡妇死了，牵扯出3个和她有关的男，而凶手却还另有其人。
11月20日，四川盐源警方向媒体透露一起命案。2019年11月9日下午13时56分，盐源县公安局指挥中心接到报警称盐源县大坡乡大地村四组沈某某被人打死了。当民警赶到现场时，沈某某家门口已经聚集不少看热闹的村民，这些村民议论纷纷，却没见谁对沈某某的死表达同情，当时民警心里也有疑惑，难道沈某某的人缘就这么差吗？
随后民警开始展开调查，沈某某是被人用棍棒重击头部致死，发现沈某某尸体时，她横躺在床上，床铺凌乱不堪。据民警走访调查显示，沈某某丈夫多年前就去世了，之后沈某某一直未再嫁。俗话常说寡妇门前是非多，因此村民们也都很少与沈某某来往。大家对她的私生活了解不多，但沈某某在村子里的“风评”并不好。صبح امروز در صحن علنی شورای شهر تهران به بررسی «گزارش حسابرس رسمی شورا از معاونت فنی و عمران برای سال مالی ۹۳» پرداختیم. گزارش دارای ابهامات زیادی بود که البته قصور از شهرداری فعلی نبود. در این خصوص مواردی را با دیگر اعضای شورا در میان گذاشتم که در خبر ذیل آمده است:
عضو شورای شهر تهران با اشاره به گزارش حسابرس رسمی شورا از معاونت فنی و عمران برای سال مالی ۹۳ گفت: متاسفانه تخلف قانونی در برخی بندها محرز است و بهتر است شورا با تصویب گزارش حسابرس درخصوص تخلفات اقدام قانونی کند.
بهاره آروین در دویست و شصت و یکمین جلسه علنی شورای شهر تهران و در جریان بررسی گزارش حسابرس رسمی شورا از معاونت فنی و عمران شهرداری تهران برای سال مالی ۱۳۹۳ گفت: این سوال مطرح است که آیا ما اکنون گزارش حسابرس را تصویب میکنیم یا متن ماده واحدهای را که آقای فراهانی، رییس کمیته بودجه درخصوص این گزارش ارائه داده و در آن یک سری تکالیف معین کردهاند؟
عضو شورای شهر تهران ادامه داد: در گزارش حسابرسی انبوهی از ابهام وجود دارد؛ مثلا در یک جا گفته شده که شهرداری برای زمین واگذارشده مبایعهنامهای ارائه نکرده است. حقیقت این است که شهرداری مبایعهنامهای نداشته است که ارائه کند. اگر ما این گزارش را تصویب کنیم، میتوان روی آن اقدام قضایی کرد.
وی افزود: اما اگر گزارش کمیسیون
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inde zengin ailelerin kız ve oğullarından asla nefret edilmezdi.
Halkı öfkelendirir ve onlara küfrederlerse tek yapmaları gereken para vermek olur, böylece affedilirlerdi.
Lee Hyun nutkunun sonuna ulaştığında Seoyoon, yeniden derin düşüncelere dalmıştı.
‘Anlaşılan gerçekten de paranın değerini bilmiyorum.’
Lee Hyun özenerek yaşarken Seoyoon, bu konuda hiç ciddi ciddi düşünmemişti.
Tam da Lee Hyun’un hayal ettiği gibi Seoyoon’un bir sürü mülkü, vakıf fonu, banka hesabı ve daha nice varlığı vardı, dolayısıyla söz konusu para olunca önünde asla bir engel olmazdı.
Seoyoon, eylemleri üzerine düşünürken bu düşünceleri kağıda döktü.
-Çalışacak ve para kazanacağım, o zaman benimle seyahat edecek misin?
Lee Hyun bu tepkiyi beklemiyordu.
‘Kış tatili gelmek üzere.’
Sömestr sonuna üç haftadan az kalmıştı.
“Ne kadar kazanabileceksin ki?”
-Hiç denemediğim için bilmiyorum ama... Ne kadar toplamalıyım sence?
Lee Hyun’un yanıt vermesini bekleyen Seoyoon’un gözleri ışıl ışıl parlıyordu.
Toplumu anlamadığı ve dünyaya yabancı olduğu için dünyanın acılığının tadına bakacaktı.
Lee Hyun, sıradan bir seyahati kafasında tartarak yanıtını verdi.
“Denizden bahsediyorsak kesinlikle Güneyde veya Jeju Adasında olacaktır. Bu durumda ulaşım en az 450000 won tutarken yiyecekler 800000 won kadar tutacak olmalı. Peki orada mı kalacağız?”
Seoyoon başıyla onay veriyor olsa da her öğünde sashimi yeseler bile 800000 won’a mal olması pek olası değildi. Sonuçta zamanlarını sadece oraya buraya giderek geçiremezlerdi. Seoyoon geceyi şarap içip konuşarak geçirmek istiyordu.
“Otel odası bize 50000000 won’a patlayacaktır, malum iki oda tutmamız gerekecek. Ayrıca trende Sprite içip yumurta yiyecek ve biraz hediyelik alacaksak ona da en az 5000000 veya 6000000 won lazım.”
Lee Hyun kesinlikle altından kalkılamayacak bir meblağdan bahsediyordu.
‘Kış tatilinde gireceği yarı zamanlı bir işten bu parayı hayatta kazanamaz.’
Bahsi geçen miktar saçmalık olsa da Seoyoon kafa sallayarak onayladı.
Ve Lee Hyun, söz vermek adına, “Tüm parayı çalışıp çabalayıp kendin kazanacaksın, aksi takdirde sayılmaz.” dedi.
-Tamamdır.
***
Weed son 20 gününü Debkart Dağlarında doğa heykelleri yaparak geçirmişti.
“Sadece oymacılığa odaklanarak çok uzun vakit geçirdim.”
Görevi avlanmasına müsaade etmemiş, yalnızca heykel yapabilmişti ve artık vakti tükeniyordu.
Bu ortamda tek başına pek çok başarılı heykel yapabilirdi ama zaman ayırmadan ve rahat bir tempoyla çalışmadan bir klasik veya başyapıt yaratamazdı.
“Çiyden bir heykel!”
Weed sabahın erken saatlerinde heykel yapıyor, elementsel heykeli için gerekli temel materyalleri topluyordu.
Yere çömelip üzerlerindeki çiyleri biriktirmek için otları koparttı.
Doğayla aşinalığı anbean arttıkça doğa temelli heykellerindeki seçkisi daha da genişliyordu.
Bu sefer de bir su elementi heykelini tamamladı, bu onun doğa oymacılığıyla yarattığı ilk başyapıttı.
-Başyapıt! Çiyle yapılmış bir su elementi heykeli.
Yaradılış ve doğa, heykel seviyesini yükseltmenin bir yoluydu, bu yüzden yalnızca taze çiyleri toplamıştı.
Ağaçlarda ve yerdeki çiçek kokuları arasında suyla yaratım yapmanın farklı yöntemleri üzerinde aktif olarak oynuyordu. Hayat dolu bir tasvir şekliydi ve takdire şayandı.
Versailles Kıtası sınırlarındaki heykellerin pek azı doğayı tasvir ederdi!
Bununla birlikte Weed ölümsüz bir oymacı olduğu için eserleri kötü etkileniyor ve kafayı yiyordu.
****
Sanatsal Değer: 898
Özel Seçenekler: Çiyden yapılı su heykelini görenlerin sağlık ve mana yenilenme hızları bir günlüğüne %12 artar.
-Su elementsellerini çağırmak için gerekli mana ihtiyacını düşürür.
-Susuzluğu uzun bir süreliğine yatıştırır.
Diğer heykellerin etkileriyle birleşmez.
Tamamlanan Başyapıt Sayısı: 89
-Oymacılık yetkinliği gelişti.
-El Becerisi yetkinliği gelişti.
-Doğa Oymacılığı yetkinliği gelişti.
-Saygınlık 263 yükseldi.
-Canlılık 1 yükseldi.
-Zeka 1 yükseldi.
-Sanat 8 yükseldi.
-Bir başyapıt yaratmak doğayla aşinalığınızı 9 arttırdı. Doğayla aşinalığın artması, yapılabilecek doğa heykellerinin kapsamını genişletir.
Saf bir heykel yaratılmasına bağlı olarak ölümsüz gücü arındı ve 6 azaldı.
****
Weed kendini heykelleri üzerinde çalışmaya adamıştı.
Hayvanlar ve bilhassa bitkilerle yetkinlik kazanıyordu.
Ölümsüz formundayken sıkı çalışıyordu. Bir ölümsüz olmanın yan etkisi sayesinde dinlenmeden devam edebiliyordu.
Ama bu ne kadar iyi olursa olsun, doğa heykellerinin arındırıcı etkileri bulunuyordu.
“İlahi güç, ölümsüz gücünü düşürüyor.”
İşin iyi yanı, Freya Dini Papa Adayı Alveron’a bir sürü para bayılmasına gerek kalmayacaktı.
“Ne yazık ki bu heykel bir başyapıt.”
Bir su heykeli yapmak için çiy toplamıştı.
Yansıyan güneş ışıklarının doğal ısısı gereği pek yakında bozulacak ve yok olacaktı.
Ama olduğu yerde, Debkart’taki Daesan’da bırakmak da büyük bir israf olurdu.
Ham materyal maliyeti olmasa da çok zorlu bir işti, çiyleri toplamak da çok zaman alıyordu.
“İlk kez bir doğal başyapıt yaratmışken bırakıp gidemem.”
Beleş heykel!
Weed su elementi heykelinin üzerine yazmaya karar verdi.
Elementi serbest bırakıp bu yolla tekrar çağırabilir, doğayla olan yakınlık derecesinde de bir artış olurdu.
Elementseller gelişime fayda sağlardı, şu anda işe yaramasalar da bir müddet sonra birkaçını idare ederek yiyecek bir şeyler çıkartabilirdi.
Weed, heykel üzerinde yeteneğini kullandı.
“Elementsel Yaratımı!”
*Ting!*
****
-Yeni elementsel yaratıldı. 160 sanat istatistiği tüketildi.
-Oymacılık yetkinliği gelişti.
-Elementsel yaratım Başlangıç Düzeyi 6. Seviyeye ulaştı.
-Elementsel yaratım oymacılığı, yeni ve mevcut elementsel kabiliyetleri geliştirir.
-Doğayla aşinalık 75 yükseldi.
-Saygınlık 440 yükseldi.
-Çekicilik 74 yükseldi.
****
Tatlı görünümlü su elementseli, “Sen beni yapan oymacısın! Ne cüretle beni böyle tuhaf yaparsın, ölmeye hazır mısın?!” diye bağırdı.
Weed’in o güne dek yaptığı en şımarık heykeldi.
Küçük bir çocuk, yerinde duramayan bir ana okullu gibiydi.
“Tanımla!”
-Henüz isim bahşedilmedi.
Su Elementseli.
Bir doğa heykeli olarak doğdu.
Kötü bir tavırla yaratıldı. Su elementselinin sabrı sıfır.
Ona tepeden tırnağa bakan Weed, hiç anlamıyordu.
-Gücünün %71ini Elementsel düzlemden alabilir.
Daha iyi bir elementsele dönüşmesi mümkündür.
Elementsel Şamanın çağrıları ve dünyevi faaliyetleri aracılığıyla daha çok elementsel çağrılır, uygulanan güç artar.
Özellikler: Su kalkanı, arıtılmış su sağlama, olağanüstü bir zeka.
Elementseli yaratma süreci başarılıydı ve Weed, kişiliğinin büyük bir mesele olmadığını düşünüyordu.
Yeni doğan elementsellerin ilk etapta pek çok şey öğrenmesi gerekirdi, onu yalnızca ‘konuşarak’ kazanabilirdi.
“Sanırım biraz konuşmalıyız.”
Elementsel onu tamamen duymazdan geliyordu!
Weed usulca Aziz Asasını çıkarttı.
Peobeobeobeobeok!
Acılı, hızlı ve etkili.
Defalarca vurup pataklıyor, merhametten tamamen yoksun şekilde aynı ağrılı noktaya vurmaya devam ediyordu.
“Seni yapan insana teşekkür etmen gerekir.”
Pak peok peok!
“Hemen özür dile......”
Pak peok peok!
“EY ASİL EFENDİM!”
Su elementselinin tavrında böyle ani bir değişiklik gerçekleşti.
Ve Weed, Aziz Asasını çantasına kaldırdı.
“Öğretmenin ben olacağım, o yüzden iyi bir eğitim alacaksın.”
Kendisinin iyi bir öğretmen olduğunu düşünüyordu!
Su elementseli, Weed’in Elementsel Okulunun bahtsız öğrencisi olmuştu.
“Senin adın Damlacık.”
Elementsele Damlacık adını vermesinin sebebi çiyden oluşmasıydı.
“İsmim için teşekkür ederim, asil efendim.”
Narin ve tatlı su elementseli, Weed tarafından çağrılmış ve bir demircinin yapacağı gibi kor ateşte dövülmüştü adeta.
“Geumini’ye de yeniden hayat bahşetmem gerekecek.”
Ona hayat bahşetmeyi başarabileceğinden emin değildi.
Ne olursa olsun ertelemeye devam etmek, yalnızca yaşanacak şeyi ertelemek olacaktı. Ve bir gün mutlaka denemek zorunda kalacaktı.
Daisan’daki Debkart’ta pek çok heykel yaratmıştı. Şu anki haliyle, suyun oymacılık duyularına sağladığı yeni boyutla da kararını verdi.
“Hadi şimdi deneyelim gitsin.”
DayCram doğa heykelleri yapmak için bir yerlere gitmişti.
Weed de ocağın içerisinde ateş başlatmak için dal parçaları toplamaya başladı.
Başyapıt Heykel Geumini, erimiş altından yaratılmıştı.
“Yapmak ve şekil vermek için...”
Geumini'nin vücut kalıbı, toprağın bir araya getirilmesiyle oluştuğu için basitti.
Rhodium şehrinde keşfedilen sanat eserlerinden geriye detaylı hatıralar kalırken Geumini’nin uzuun bir süre devam edecek bir hatırası vardı.
Kalıba altın döken ve yeterince soğumasını bekleyen Weed, başka heykeller yapmak için sabırsızlanıyordu!
Geumini’nin işletim tasarımını düşündükçe de sıklıkla endişeye kapılıyordu.
“Geumini pek söz dinlemezdi ve o kadar da hoş biri değildi. Onca iş güç arasında onunla nasıl baş edeceğim...”
Altının kalıba dökülmesini beklemek çok vakit alıyordu.
“Tamamdır.”
Kalıbın yerinden sökülerek çıkartılışıyla Geumini’nin görüntüsü bir kez daha gözler önüne serildi.
Weed’in hafızası fazlasıyla başarılıydı. Eskisine kıyasla biraz çatlak ve kısa gibi gelse de bu detaylar haricinde eskisinden farksızdı.
‘Neyse ki Geumini altın kullanarak yapılmıştı. Taşa veya oduna hayat bahşetmiş olsaydım fiziksel materyalleri toplamak gerekecek ve orijinal bedenin etkisi çok güçsüz olacaktı.’
Onarım yeteneğinin kullanılışı sonrası Weed’in gözleri, burnu ve ağzı titizlikle çalışıyordu.
“Heykele hayat bahşetme!”
-İstatistikler düşürüldü, 2 seviye kaybedildi ve 6 sanat istatistiği tüketildi.
Hayat bahşedilen heykel, bedeninin kullanım hakkını elde etti. Elde edilen ve var olan su nitelikleri gereği yeni bir can kazanıldı.
Heykel Hatıraları yeteneği devreye girdi.
Heykel, hayatına dair hatıraları geri kazanacak ancak kafası karışacak.
Bu noktada Sanat istatistiğindeki artış ve heykel etkileri geçerli olmamış, heykelde öncekine kıyasla %5 seviye düşüşü gerçekleşmişti.
Hayat bahşedilmiş heykeller ağır ağır uyanırdı ancak onların aksine Geumini’nin gözleri anında açılmıştı.
Weed kendisine baktığındaysa kafasını sallayarak konuşmaya başladı.
“Bana bir isim verin lütfen.”
Kuru ve katı bir ses tonuydu!
“Demek ki hatıralarını geri kazanmamışsın.”
Geliştirdikleri arkadaşlık sonlanmış, Geumini ebediyen veda etmişti.
“Rover çok üzülecek. Seoyoon da öyle.”
Rover Geumini’yi bir aile ferdi gibi görüyordu. Seoyoon da üzülecek ve bol bol gözyaşı dökecekti.
Hwaryeong ve diğer dostları da Geumini’nin ölümünden acı duyacaktı.
“Senin adın Geumini!”
“Peki, efendim.”
“Rahat uyu.”
“Peki.”
Böylece Weed, bir kez daha doğa heykeli yapmaya koyuldu.
Üzerlerindeki ağaçta Wah-il, Wah-thul ve Wah-sam oturmaktaydı.
Geumini büyük bir özenle hepsiyle el sıkışmaya çalışıyordu. Onlar da kahkahalara boğuluyordu.
“Golgolgol!”
Weed, “Sen Geumini’sin, değil mi?” diye sordu.
Geumini el sıkışarak saygıyla eğildi.
“Bir müddet önce bana verilen isim buydu, efendim.”
“Bu biraz tuhaf oldu.”
Weed, Geumini’nin yanında kendini bir tuhaf hissediyordu.
#Ben de bu bölümü okurken kendimi bir tuhaf hissettim. Cümleler arasında bile daldan dala atladık çok şükür. Geumini’yle kavuşmayı da dört gözle bekliyordum ama hafızasına kavuşamamış ve tüm olay öyle hop diye yaşandı bitti, ilginçti. Ayrıca Rover kim ya? Kaynak olarak aldığım sitede sürekli çevirmen değiştiği için bazı isimleri bile değiştiriyorlar. Size yansıtmamak adına ben hep alışkın olduğumuz şekilde kullanıyorum ama bu sefer kimden bahsettiğini anlamadım.
Bu arada seriyi devralacak kişi belli oldu arkadaşlar. On-on beş güne başlayacak gibi duruyor, o başlayana kadar ben çevirmeye devam edeceğim. Kelime ve anlatım farkı çok olmasın diye ona yardımcı olmaya da çalışacağım. Sizleri mağdur etmeden sorunsuz bir geçiş sağlayacağız umarım :)
Hadi bir sonraki bölümde görüşmek üzere!"Ritengo che molte fughe di notizie sulla Casa Bianca sono bugie fabbricate da 'fake media'. Ogni volta che si leggono le parole 'le fonti dicono' sui fake media e non vengono nominati i nomi... È possibile che queste fonti non esistano ma siano state create dagli scrittori di fake news. Le fake news sono il nemico!". Lo scrive il presidente americano Donald Trump su Twitter.Hampton Court Palace was not originally intended as a royal residence. It was built by Thomas, Cardinal Wolsey and appropriated by King Henry VIII when he failed to bring about his divorce from Catherine of Aroagon. Wolsey's Closet, a strikingly attractive room, is now the solitary survivor of Cardinal Wolsey's personal apartments. It is situated in the range of buildings east of Clock Court.
King Henry VIII used the palace regularly, enlarging and altering the building, which was designed around two courtyards. The King added a further courtyard, remodelled the chapel, and rebuilt the Great Hall.
The King's only son and heir Edward (later Edward VI) was born at the Palace on 12th October, 1537. He was given a magnificent christening ceremony in the Chapel Royal. Edward's birth was reported to have difficult and protracted and his mother, Jane Seymour did not long survive the experience, dying of puerperal fever at the palace twelve days later. The ghost of Queen Jane is purported to haunt the palace, as it is claimed, does that of Henry's fifth wife, Catherine Howard, who, on being arrested for high treason at Hampton Court attempted to reach her husband to make an appeal directly to him, she was apprehended by guards as she ran to Wolsey's Gallery and pulled away screaming. She later met her death by beheading at the Tower of London. Ever after, sightings of the deeply agitated Catherine have been reported on the gallery, now renamed the Haunted Gallery.
Most of the Tudor Royal Apartments were swept away by the architect Sir Christopher Wren, who was commisioned by William III and Mary II to design a series of State Apartments. William suffered badly from asthma wished for a country retreat where he could escape the smog laden air of London.The superb paintings on the ceiling of the King's
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Transgenic mice, breast cancer, metastasis, intraductal injection, latent mutations, adenovirus-Cre
Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells
Institutions: University of Houston.
Estrogen plays vital roles in mammary gland development and breast cancer progression. It mediates its function by binding to and activating the estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα, and ERβ. ERα is frequently upregulated in breast cancer and drives the proliferation of breast cancer cells. The ERs function as transcription factors and regulate gene expression. Whereas ERα's regulation of protein-coding genes is well established, its regulation of noncoding microRNA (miRNA) is less explored. miRNAs play a major role in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes, inhibiting their translation or degrading their mRNA. miRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors and are also promising biomarkers. Among the miRNA assays available, microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) have been extensively used to detect and quantify miRNA levels. To identify miRNAs regulated by estrogen signaling in breast cancer, their expression in ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines were compared before and after estrogen-activation using both the µParaflo-microfluidic microarrays and Dual Labeled Probes-low density arrays. Results were validated using specific qPCR assays, applying both Cyanine dye-based and Dual Labeled Probes-based chemistry. Furthermore, a time-point assay was used to identify regulations over time. Advantages of the miRNA assay approach used in this study is that it enables a fast screening of mature miRNA regulations in numerous samples, even with limited sample amounts. The layout, including the specific conditions for cell culture and estrogen treatment, biological and technical replicates, and large-scale screening followed by in-depth confirmations using separate techniques, ensures a robust detection of miRNA regulations, and eliminates false positives and other artifacts. However, mutated or unknown miRNAs, or regulations at the primary and precursor transcript level, will not be detected. The method presented here represents a thorough investigation of estrogen-mediated miRNA regulation.
Medicine, Issue 84, breast cancer, microRNA, estrogen, estrogen receptor, microarray, qPCR
Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice
Institutions: University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine.
Current astrocytoma models are limited in their ability to define the roles of oncogenic mutations in specific brain cell types during disease pathogenesis and their utility for preclinical drug development. In order to design a better model system for these applications, phenotypically wild-type cortical astrocytes and neural stem cells (NSC) from conditional, genetically engineered mice (GEM) that harbor various combinations of floxed oncogenic alleles were harvested and grown in culture. Genetic recombination was induced in vitro
using adenoviral Cre-mediated recombination, resulting in expression of mutated oncogenes and deletion of tumor suppressor genes. The phenotypic consequences of these mutations were defined by measuring proliferation, transformation, and drug response in vitro
. Orthotopic allograft models, whereby transformed cells are stereotactically injected into the brains of immune-competent, syngeneic littermates, were developed to define the role of oncogenic mutations and cell type on tumorigenesis in vivo
. Unlike most established human glioblastoma cell line xenografts, injection of transformed GEM-derived cortical astrocytes into the brains of immune-competent littermates produced astrocytomas, including the most aggressive subtype, glioblastoma, that recapitulated the histopathological hallmarks of human astrocytomas, including diffuse invasion of normal brain parenchyma. Bioluminescence imaging of orthotopic allografts from transformed astrocytes engineered to express luciferase was utilized to monitor in vivo
tumor growth over time. Thus, astrocytoma models using astrocytes and NSC harvested from GEM with conditional oncogenic alleles provide an integrated system to study the genetics and cell biology of astrocytoma pathogenesis in vitro
and in vivo
and may be useful in preclinical drug development for these devastating diseases.
Neuroscience, Issue 90, astrocytoma, cortical astrocytes, genetically engineered mice, glioblastoma, neural stem cells, orthotopic allograft
Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
Institutions: Joint Unit Hospices de Lyon-bioMérieux, BioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, BioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon.
The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the main diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer in clinical use, but it lacks specificity and sensitivity, particularly in low dosage values1
. ‘How to use PSA' remains a current issue, either for diagnosis as a gray zone corresponding to a concentration in serum of 2.5-10 ng/ml which does not allow a clear differentiation to be made between cancer and noncancer2
or for patient follow-up as analysis of post-operative PSA kinetic parameters can pose considerable challenges for their practical application3,4
. Alternatively, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key molecules in human cancer, with the potential to serve as novel markers of disease, e.g.
PCA3 in prostate cancer5,6
and to reveal uncharacterized aspects of tumor biology. Moreover, data from the ENCODE project published in 2012 showed that different RNA types cover about 62% of the genome. It also appears that the amount of transcriptional regulatory motifs is at least 4.5x higher than the one corresponding to protein-coding exons. Thus, long terminal repeats (LTRs) of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute a wide range of putative/candidate transcriptional regulatory sequences, as it is their primary function in infectious retroviruses. HERVs, which are spread throughout the human genome, originate from ancestral and independent infections within the germ line, followed by copy-paste propagation processes and leading to multicopy families occupying 8% of the human genome (note that exons span 2% of our genome). Some HERV loci still express proteins that have been associated with several pathologies including cancer7-10
. We have designed a high-density microarray, in Affymetrix format, aiming to optimally characterize individual HERV loci expression, in order to better understand whether they can be active, if they drive ncRNA transcription or modulate coding gene expression. This tool has been applied in the prostate cancer field (Figure 1
Medicine, Issue 81, Cancer Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Prostate, Retroviridae, Biomarkers, Pharmacological, Tumor Markers, Biological, Prostatectomy, Microarray Analysis, Gene Expression, Diagnosis, Human Endogenous Retroviruses, HERV, microarray, Transcriptome, prostate cancer, Affymetrix
Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Institutions: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
has been an excellent model system for examining mechanisms and consequences of genome instability. Information gained from this yeast model is relevant to many organisms, including humans, since DNA repair and DNA damage response factors are well conserved across diverse species. However, S. cerevisiae
has not yet been used to fully address whether the rate of accumulating mutations changes with increasing replicative (mitotic) age due to technical constraints. For instance, measurements of yeast replicative lifespan through micromanipulation involve very small populations of cells, which prohibit detection of rare mutations. Genetic methods to enrich for mother cells in populations by inducing death of daughter cells have been developed, but population sizes are still limited by the frequency with which random mutations that compromise the selection systems occur. The current protocol takes advantage of magnetic sorting of surface-labeled yeast mother cells to obtain large enough populations of aging mother cells to quantify rare mutations through phenotypic selections. Mutation rates, measured through fluctuation tests, and mutation frequencies are first established for young cells and used to predict the frequency of mutations in mother cells of various replicative ages. Mutation frequencies are then determined for sorted mother cells, and the age of the mother cells is determined using flow cytometry by staining with a fluorescent reagent that detects bud scars formed on their cell surfaces during cell division. Comparison of predicted mutation frequencies based on the number of cell divisions to the frequencies experimentally observed for mother cells of a given replicative age can then identify whether there are age-related changes in the rate of accumulating mutations. Variations of this basic protocol provide the means to investigate the influence of alterations in specific gene functions or specific environmental conditions on mutation accumulation to address mechanisms underlying genome instability during replicative aging.
Microbiology, Issue 92, Aging, mutations, genome instability, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fluctuation test, magnetic sorting, mother cell, replicative aging
Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
Institutions: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
Tumors with similar grade and morphology often respond differently to the same treatment because of variations in molecular profiling. To account for this diversity, personalized medicine is developed for silencing malignancy associated genes. Nano drugs fit these needs by targeting tumor and delivering antisense oligonucleotides for silencing of genes. As drugs for the treatment are often administered repeatedly, absence of toxicity and negligible immune response are desirable. In the example presented here, a nano medicine is synthesized from the biodegradable, non-toxic and non-immunogenic platform polymalic acid by controlled chemical ligation of antisense oligonucleotides and tumor targeting molecules. The synthesis and treatment is exemplified for human Her2-positive breast cancer using an experimental mouse model. The case can be translated towards synthesis and treatment of other tumors.
Chemistry, Issue 88, Cancer treatment, personalized medicine, polymalic acid, nanodrug, biopolymer, targeting, host compatibility, biodegradability
Genetic Manipulation in Δku80 Strains for Functional Genomic Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii
Institutions: The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth.
Targeted genetic manipulation using homologous recombination is the method of choice for functional genomic analysis to obtain a detailed view of gene function and phenotype(s). The development of mutant strains with targeted gene deletions, targeted mutations, complemented gene function, and/or tagged genes provides powerful strategies to address gene function, particularly if these genetic manipulations can be efficiently targeted to the gene locus of interest using integration mediated by double cross over homologous recombination.
Due to very high rates of nonhomologous recombination, functional genomic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii
has been previously limited by the absence of efficient methods for targeting gene deletions and gene replacements to specific genetic loci. Recently, we abolished the major pathway of nonhomologous recombination in type I and type II strains of T. gondii
by deleting the gene encoding the KU80 protein1,2
. The Δku80
strains behave normally during tachyzoite (acute) and bradyzoite (chronic) stages in vitro
and in vivo
and exhibit essentially a 100% frequency of homologous recombination. The Δku80
strains make functional genomic studies feasible on the single gene as well as on the genome scale1-4
Here, we report methods for using type I and type II Δku80Δhxgprt
strains to advance gene targeting approaches in T. gondii
. We outline efficient methods for generating gene deletions, gene replacements, and tagged genes by targeted insertion or deletion of the hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HXGPRT
) selectable marker. The described gene targeting protocol can be used in a variety of ways in Δku80
strains to advance functional analysis of the parasite genome and to develop single strains that carry multiple targeted genetic manipulations. The application of this genetic method and subsequent phenotypic assays will reveal fundamental and unique aspects of the biology of T. gondii
and related significant human pathogens that cause malaria (Plasmodium
sp.) and cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium
Infectious Diseases, Issue 77, Genetics, Microbiology, Infection, Medicine, Immunology, Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Genomics, Parasitology, Pathology, Apicomplexa, Coccidia, Toxoplasma, Genetic Techniques, Gene Targeting, Eukaryota, Toxoplasma gondii, genetic manipulation, gene targeting, gene deletion, gene replacement, gene tagging, homologous recombination, DNA, sequencing
Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
Institutions: The Ohio State University, Tohoku University.
The functional analysis of missense mutations can be complicated by the presence in the cell of the endogenous protein. Structure-function analyses of the BRCA1 have been complicated by the lack of a robust assay for the full length BRCA1 protein and the difficulties inherent in working with cell lines that express hypomorphic BRCA1 protein1,2,3,4,5
. We developed a system whereby the endogenous BRCA1 protein in a cell was acutely depleted by RNAi targeting the 3'-UTR of the BRCA1 mRNA and replaced by co-transfecting a plasmid expressing a BRCA1 variant. One advantage of this procedure is that the acute silencing of BRCA1 and simultaneous replacement allow the cells to grow without secondary mutations or adaptations that might arise over time to compensate for the loss of BRCA1 function. This depletion and add-back procedure was done in a HeLa-derived cell line that was readily assayed for homologous recombination activity. The homologous recombination assay is based on a previously published method whereby a recombination substrate is integrated into the genome (Figure 1)6,7,8,9
. This recombination substrate has the rare-cutting I-SceI restriction enzyme site inside an inactive GFP allele, and downstream is a second inactive GFP allele. Transfection of the plasmid that expresses I-SceI results in a double-stranded break, which may be repaired by homologous recombination, and if homologous recombination does repair the break it creates an active GFP allele that is readily scored by flow cytometry for GFP protein expression. Depletion of endogenous BRCA1 resulted in an 8-10-fold reduction in homologous recombination activity, and add-back of wild-type plasmid fully restored homologous recombination function. When specific point mutants of full length BRCA1 were expressed from co-transfected plasmids, the effect of the specific missense mutant could be scored. As an example, the expression of the BRCA1(M18T) protein, a variant of unknown clinical significance10
, was expressed in these cells, it failed to restore BRCA1-dependent homologous recombination. By contrast, expression of another variant, also of unknown significance, BRCA1(I21V) fully restored BRCA1-dependent homologous recombination function. This strategy of testing the function of BRCA1 missense mutations has been applied to another biological system assaying for centrosome function (Kais et al, unpublished observations). Overall, this approach is suitable for the analysis of missense mutants in any gene that must be analyzed recessively.
Cell Biology, Issue 48, BRCA1, homologous recombination, breast cancer, RNA interference, DNA repair
gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair
Institutions: Centre Georges-François Leclerc.
The widespread use of Next Generation Sequencing has opened up new avenues for cancer research and diagnosis. NGS will bring huge amounts of new data on cancer, and especially cancer genetics. Current knowledge and future discoveries will make it necessary to study a huge number of genes that could be involved in a genetic predisposition to cancer. In this regard, we developed a Nextera design to study 11 complete genes involved in DNA damage repair. This protocol was developed to safely study 11 genes (ATM
, and TP53
) from promoter to 3'-UTR in 24 patients simultaneously. This protocol, based on transposase technology and gDNA enrichment, gives a great advantage in terms of time for the genetic diagnosis thanks to sample multiplexing. This protocol can be safely used with blood gDNA.
Genetics, Issue 92, gDNA enrichment, Nextera, NGS, DNA damage, BRCA1, BRCA2
Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
Institutions: University of Toronto, University of Toronto, University of Regina.
Phenotypes are determined by a complex series of physical (e.g.
protein-protein) and functional (e.g.
gene-gene or genetic) interactions (GI)1
. While physical interactions can indicate which bacterial proteins are associated as complexes, they do not necessarily reveal pathway-level functional relationships1. GI screens, in which the growth of double mutants bearing two deleted or inactivated genes is measured and compared to the corresponding single mutants, can illuminate epistatic dependencies between loci and hence provide a means to query and discover novel functional relationships2
. Large-scale GI maps have been reported for eukaryotic organisms like yeast3-7
, but GI information remains sparse for prokaryotes8
, which hinders the functional annotation of bacterial genomes. To this end, we and others have developed high-throughput quantitative bacterial GI screening methods9, 10
Here, we present the key steps required to perform quantitative E. coli
Synthetic Genetic Array (eSGA) screening procedure on a genome-scale9
, using natural bacterial conjugation and homologous recombination to systemically generate and measure the fitness of large numbers of double mutants in a colony array format.
Briefly, a robot is used to transfer, through conjugation, chloramphenicol (Cm) - marked mutant alleles from engineered Hfr (High frequency of recombination) 'donor strains' into an ordered array of kanamycin (Kan) - marked F- recipient strains. Typically, we use loss-of-function single mutants bearing non-essential gene deletions (e.g.
the 'Keio' collection11
) and essential gene hypomorphic mutations (i.e.
alleles conferring reduced protein expression, stability, or activity9, 12, 13
) to query the functional associations of non-essential and essential genes, respectively. After conjugation and ensuing genetic exchange mediated by homologous recombination, the resulting double mutants are selected on solid medium containing both antibiotics. After outgrowth, the plates are digitally imaged and colony sizes are quantitatively scored using an in-house automated image processing system14
. GIs are revealed when the growth rate of a double mutant is either significantly better or worse than expected9
. Aggravating (or negative) GIs often result between loss-of-function mutations in pairs of genes from compensatory pathways that impinge on the same essential process2
. Here, the loss of a single gene is buffered, such that either single mutant is viable. However, the loss of both pathways is deleterious and results in synthetic lethality or sickness (i.e.
slow growth). Conversely, alleviating (or positive) interactions can occur between genes in the same pathway or protein complex2
as the deletion of either gene alone is often sufficient to perturb the normal function of the pathway or complex such that additional perturbations do not reduce activity, and hence growth, further. Overall, systematically identifying and analyzing GI networks can provide unbiased, global maps of the functional relationships between large numbers of genes, from which pathway-level information missed by other approaches can be inferred9
Genetics, Issue 69, Molecular Biology, Medicine, Biochemistry
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For the Yaobu, some experts believe that they originated in the Scottish region and passed to Asia. Dogs belong to the oriental dogs. They originally originated from the short -haired species of Beijing dogs. In fact, they were Northeast dog species. The ancestral home was the northeast of my country, which is often said by the Manchu people. Breeding with bullfighting dogs; some people think that the Bagu dog is a small type of French dog. Many painters have reflected this dog. In the Victorian era, the popularity of this dog reached its peak.
The Bay dog originated in 400 BC. It is a very long history of dog species. The Bagu dog has a variety. The Bagu dog is a small dog. Its size is relatively small.
Of course, there is only one type, and the size of this dog is relatively small; the Bagu dog originated in 400 BC and is a particularly ancient dog breed.
They are generally divided into two varieties of rose ears and buttons. This dog originated in China and is a pet of nobles in ancient Chinese courts. It is very popular in the Song Dynasty.
Because the Bay dog has some similar places to the Beijing dog, experts believe that it is a very ancient dog breed that originated in China and originated in 400 BC. During the Kangxi reign, the Emperor Peter of Russia sent an ambassador to China, and the Qing government presented two Bagu dogs as a gift.
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Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.مدیرکل بیمه سلامت استان گلستان می گوید که باید با ایجاد مراکز کوچک اورژانس و استفاده از بالگرد و همچنین پزشکی از راه دور و تقویت کادر پزشکی شرایط مناسب تری برای بیمه شدگان سلامت به وجود بیاوریم.
به گزارش گلستان ۲۴؛ به نقل از گلستان ما؛ با توجه به اینکه بیان می شود 80 تا 90 درصد بیماران در سطح اول مراقبت های بهداشتی درمانی قابل تشخیص و درمان است لذا اصلاح سیستم ارجاع بیماران به مراکز درمانی در دستور کار قرار گرفت.
با این اقدام دولت درصدد بود که میزان بار مراجعات تخصصی و فوق تخصصی بیمارستان را کاهش دهد و بتواند با این کار هزینه های تحمیل شده به خانواده ها و همچنین یارانه های پرداختی بخش درمان را بکاهد.
گرچه نفس این طرح بسیار خوب و مطلوب است ولی به نظر می رسد که در اجرای آن در جاده ناهمواره حوزه سلامت در استان گلستان مشکلاتی وجود دارد.
برای مثال سیستم درمانی استان گلستان به دلیل عقب ماندگی و کمبود زیرساخت های لازم با مشکلاتی چه از نظر لجستیکی و چه از نظر تامین نیروی انسانی مناسب رو به رو است.
در برخی از شهرهای استان با وجود مراکز درمانی دولتی اما مردم به دلیل فقدان نیروی متخصص مجبور هستند که به مرکز استان و یا خارج از استان بروند و یا استفاده از مراکز درمانی خصوصی و غیردولتی را با هزینه های آزاد مقرون به صرفه تر از بیمه سلامت ببینند.
در برخی از شهرستان های استان حتی زیرساخت های دولتی مناسب برای درمان وجود ندارد و افرادی که تحت پوشش بیمه سلامت هستند باید هزینه های درمانی خود را به صورت آزاد بپردازند و یا نحوه ارجاع بیماران از روستاهای مرزی مثل مراوه تپه به مراکز درمانی شهری که گاهی باید مسافت بیش از 100 کیلومتری را طی کنند اصلا قابلیت اجرا ندارد.
در حالی که سطحبندی نظام مراقبت سلامت به منظور کاهش هزینه، ایجاد عدالت و امکان دسترسی آحاد مردم به خدمات مورد نیاز انجام میگیرد ولی به نظر می رسد که به دلیل این مسائل این اتفاق رقم نخورده است و مردم انتظار دارند که شرایطی فراهم شود که با این شرایط پوشش بیمه ای در این استان ها به گونه ای باشد که بتوانند در مسیر درمان از امکانات و زیرساخت های موجود همه مراکز درمانی استفاده کنند.
براساس آمار بیمه سلامت استان گلستان در بحث پزشک خانواده و نظام ارجاع که از ابتدای سال راه اندازی شده ۱۲۹ هزار و ۸۵۸ نفر در استان گلستان به پزشکان خانواده خود منتصب شدند که ۱۰۹ هزا رو ۵۰۰ نفر بیمه همگانی هستند و 114 پزشک نیز به این طرح ورود پیدا کردند.
سید محمد حسینی، مدیرکل بیمه سلامت استان گلستان می گوید: حدود ۸۳۵ هزار نفر با دفترچه بیمه روستایی تحت بیمه سلامت هستند و برخی از شهرهای زیر 20 هزار نفر نیز از این نوع دفترچه بیمه روستایی استفاده می کنند.
حسینی ادامه داد: با توجه به این میزان از حجم بیمه شده و براساس این نیازها در شهرهای محروم مثل مراوه تپه نسبت به ساخت بیمارستان اقدام کردیم ولی متخصص زیادی نداریم و این ایراد است.
وی گفت: اعتقاد ما این است که باید مراکز کوچک اورژانس ساخته شود و از بالگرد برای انتقال بیماران استفاده کنیم و این موضوع در سطح کشور نیز مطرح است و این نکته مهمی است و باید از روش هایی استفاده کنیم تا پزشکان مجرب و متخصص ما بتوانند در دور افتاده ترین نقاط نیز ارائه خدمات داشته باشند.
این مقام مسئول به موضوع پزشکی از راه دور نیز اشاره کرد و افزود: یکی دیگر از روش های نوینی است که می توانیم در این راستا استفاده کنیم و پس از وزیت می تواند نسخه الکترونیک پزشک به بیمار در این روش ارائه کند و بیمار در محل زندگی خود این خدمات را دریافت کند و با توجه به اینکه دو سوم عشایر کوچ رو در استان گلستان گلستانی نیستند این مسئله نیاز حائز اخمیت است.
حسینی بابیان اینکه پزشکان متخصص ما تمایلی برای حضور در مناطق دور افتاده از مراکز استان ها مثل مراوه تپه ندارند، افزود: در این راستا در سال های گذشته بیمارستان صحرایی ایجاد می شد.
وی به عدم برخی از متخصصان در مراکز درمانی دولتی نیز اشاره کرد و افزود: در مرکز استان در رشته عروق با کمبود متخصص رو به رو هستیم و باید دانشگاه علوم پزشکی برای این مسئله و آموزش پزشکان در این بخش برنامه ریزی کند تا بیماران با مشکل رو به رو نشود.Doktor Ne Dedi?
Fadime kocasını doktora götürür. doktor baştan aşağı muayene ettikten sonra Temel’e dışarıda beklemesini, Fadime ile yalnız görüşmesi gerektiğini söyler. temel çıkınca, “kocanız aşırı stresten kaynaklanan çok ciddi bir hastalığa yakalanmış.” der. eğer söyleyeceklerimizi yapmazsan temel ölecek. he sabah eşinizi öperek uyandırın, ardından güzel bir kahvaltı hazırlayın. hep nazik olun ve her daim neşeli kalmasına dikkat edin. sadece en sevdiği yemekleri hazırlayın ve yemekten sonra hafif şekerleme yapmasına izin verin. sağa sola yollayıp yormayın ve sorunlarınızı anlatmayın; bunlar sadece stresi artırmaya yarar. sizi eleştirse veya sizinle alay etse bile sakın tartışmaya girmeyin. akşamları masaj yaparak rahatlamasına yardımcı olun. en sevdiğiniz dizileri kaçırmanıza yol açsa bile istediği kadar maç ve spor programı seyretmesi için teşvik edin. en önemlisi, geceleri onu tatmin edecek ne varsa hepsini yapın. önümüzdeki altı ay boyunca bunları harfiyen ve her gün yaparsanız temel sağlığına tamamen kavuşacaktır.
çıkışta temel merakla karısına sorar: “ee, ne dedi doktor?”
“ölecekmişsin.”
Son YorumlarHey everyone, last week we talked about inflammatory foods to eliminate from your diet and why this is helpful in promoting health, and ultimately preventing inflammation.
Today I’d like to talk about the specific detox pathways and why it’s important to consume an abundance of micronutrients and phytonutrients to ensure “safe” detox.
There are serious risks with mainstream detox diets, such as extreme fasting and juice cleanse.
“The main health risks of detox diets relate to severe energy restriction and nutritional inadequacy. Extreme fasting can lead to protein and vitamin deficiencies, electrolyte imbalance, lactic acidosis, and even death.” (1)
Food plays a significant role in ALL phases of detoxification because proper detoxification depends on adequate nutrition.
If essential nutrient compounds, such as glutathione, glycine, and taurine, are not included in our diet, safe elimination of toxins is impaired, resulting in toxic accumulation. (2)
So key thing to remember is that detoxification involves two very complex phases that require toxins to be bound and ultimately pulled out of our bodies.
These processes require a multitude of essential nutrients like amino acids, minerals, and phytonutrients, to support both phases for a safe and efficient detox.
We need the following nutrients for conversion of toxic compounds to be excreted:
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin B6
And since the metabolic process produces lots of free radical species, which can be toxic as well as damaging, we need a quick anti-oxidative support, like glutathione.
Additionally, the following micronutrients are necessary to support our super anti-oxidants and minimize damage to our bodies:
- Vitamin B6
- Alpha Lipoic Acid. (3)
So What’s the Truth About Fasting?
The take home message is that you can’t effectively detox without nutrients. Period.
This is why extreme fasting detox diets do not work.
“Loss of body fat through caloric restriction frees stored fat-soluble xenobiotics and distributes to other tissues.”
If you’re planning to lose weight through fasting, this can be dangerous because the toxins that reside in your fat tissue get redistributed into other organs rather than being excreted.
This increases your chances of secondary diseases due to toxic burden.
Fasting doesn’t allow for the transformation of toxins and effective elimination from the body. Lack of essential nutrients to support the phases of detox, therefore, is dangerous for obese patients.
So What About The Popular Juice Cleanse?
Researchers studied 16 patients in a double blind study. Patients went on a 7-10 day juice cleanse, consuming only mixed juice made of fresh vegetables, fruits, and boiled soybean juice.
All patients showed improvements in their symptoms.
However, PCB, or polychlorinated biphenyl, concentrations in the blood were elevated during and after fasting, proving the lack of excretion of toxic compounds.
How Do You Safeguard Yourself from Dangerous Detox?
Effectively nourishing your body through diet and supplements is a sure way to protect your body from toxins.
Nutrition is an excellent way to buffer the body against toxins.
Healthy nutrition decreases the toxicity of inflammatory pollutants, while unhealthy nutrition triggers toxic burden and inflammation in our bodies.
One important thing to emphasize about nutrition is that it’s not just eating healthy foods, but how we prepare our foods to optimize their detox potential.
So which methods of cooking are best for optimizing nutrient density?
- No cooking, eat raw
- Minimal steaming
- Dry heat, no moisture
- High moist heat
How Do You Optimize Food Preparation for Detox?
Remember, toxins can be formed in the cooking process, so using proper cookware is essential.
It is best to avoid non-stick pans containing Teflon and pans that are scratched.
Slow, low, and moist cooking methods, like steam cooking, best preserve nutrients as compared to dry heat methods, like baking.
Overall it is best to utilize the combination of eating raw and a lightly steamed method of cooking.
Sulforaphane is a well known anti-oxidative nutrient receiving much press.
Adding powdered mustard seeds to boiling water when cooking broccoli can result in increased sulforaphane formation.
Also remember, it’s not just eating well-prepared foods, but our state of mind when we’re eating is just as important.
In fact, I think our state of mind is the most important.
If you are eating the most nutritious and healthy meal and you’re distraught, angry, or anxious versus if you’re eating a super sized Big Mac meal but you’re as happy as can be, I believe that you’ll be better off eating the latter.
This is because nutrition includes the joy we put into eating.
So I think you now have a good idea of what to eat to optimize your detox potential and why.
Want a step by step guide to detox? Check out Alkaline Detox Protocol
As always, thanks for joining me. Please comment, like, subscribe, and share.
See you next week. I’ve created a new site for Lupus or Autoimmune patients, visit me at Lupusrebel.com
1. Klein and Kiat. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2015 Dec;28 (6):675-86
2. Genuis SJ. Elimination of persistent toxicants from the human body. Hum Exp Toxicol.2011 Jan;30(1):3-18.doi:10.1177/
3.Hodges and Minich, J Nutr Metab. 2015;2015:760689May, 1834. The second settler in Onarga, John Miller, was born in West Virginia on February 12, 1801. He married Peggy Stewart who also came from West Virginia. In May of 1834, John Miller and his family arrived at Jesse Amos' homestead. Liking the location, Miller made a claim and built a shelter about fourteen feet square. This shelter was open on one side, but he and his family lived in it for two seasons, returning to Covington, Indiana the first winter on account of sickness. The first spring, he broke about five acres and the second, about twenty. The latter year raised a good crop. Miller came with four good horses and when he came back from Covington, he brought three cows. In the fall of 1835 he moved into a comfortable cabin converting the first shelter into a stable. By trade, Miller was a wagon maker. He was a hale and hearty man and frontier life suited him.
Thomas M. Pangborn and Ransom B. Pangborn came to Spring Creek from Franklin County, OH. Purchased land for themselves and for brother Cyrus.
1. Loved EVANS was born in 1800 in VT. He died in KS. He was married to Mahala KYRK (daughter of John KYRK and Sarah ____) in OH. He passed his last days and died in Kansas. Mahala KYRK was born January 9, 1810. She died February 11, 1849 in Onarga. She was buried in Pangborn Cemetery, Onarga. They had the following children:
+2 i. Mahala EVANS (born on March 15, 1839).
3 ii. Ann EVANS was born in 1843 in OH.
4 iii. Owen EVANS was born in 1844 in IL. He died on January 4, 1863. He was buried in Onarga Cemetery, Onarga, Iroquois, IL.
5 iv. Lydia A. EVANS was born in 1850 in IL.
6 v. Jane EVANS was born in 1852 in IL.
7 vi. Earl EVANS was born in 1854 in IL.
8 vii. Joanna EVANS was born in 1856 in IL.
9 viii. Ellen EVANS was born in 1858 in IL.
10 ix. Lucretia EVANS was born in November 1859. She died on December 15, 1860 in Onarga, Iroquois, IL.
11 x. Frank EVANS was born in 1860 in IL.
2. Mahala EVANS was born March 15, 1839 in Iroquois Co. IL. She died June 12, 1924 in Onarga. She was married to Frederick (Horace) LOCKWOOD (son of Walter LOCKWOOD and Dorothy BARNES) April 28, 1870 in Onarga, Iroquois, IL. Frederick (Horace) LOCKWOOD was born August 14, 1824 in Dunham, Mississippi Co., Quebec, Canada. He died July 18, 1913 in Onarga. He was buried in Onarga Cemetery. They had the following children:
+12 i. Alma Dolly LOCKWOOD (born on September 10, 1871).
+13 ii. Grace May LOCKWOOD (born on May 10, 1880).
12. Alma Dolly LOCKWOOD was born on September 10, 1871 in IL. She was married to Edward EVERETT on October 5, 1899. Edward EVERETT resided in 1907 in Benton Co., AR. They had the following children:
14 i. Frederick EVERETT.
15 ii. Marion EVERETT.
13. Grace May LOCKWOOD was born on May 10, 1880 in Onarga, Iroquois, IL. She died in 1966 in Onarga. She was buried in Onarga Cemetery, Onarga, Iroquois, IL. She was married to Charles HILDENBRAND (son of Heinrich [Henry] HILDENBRAND and Wilhelmina KREIS) on December 8, 1877 in Thawville, Iroquois, IL. He died November 9, 1953 in Onarga. He was buried in Onarga Cemetery. They had the following children:
16 i. Harold Lee HILDENBRAND was born on September 26, 1903 in Onarga, Iroquois, IL. He resided 104 N. Walnut, previous home of Moses H. Messer in Onarga.
Cyrus PANGBORN comes to Onarga from Ohio with other relatives: his parents John and Miranda (Miller) Pangborn, Miranda Miller (age 15) and William Hunter Miller (age 13, brother to Miranda), Sarah Miller (age 8, sister to Miranda and William), Truman Bishop Hall and his 7-mo-pregnant wife, Maria (Pangborn - sister to Thomas, Ransom & Cyrus) Hall. Cyrus Pangborn had married Mary Jane Gilmore on May 2, 1845 in Ohio. She had succumbed to typhoid and died on August 9, 1845, on the way to Illinois. They had only been married two months. He had to bury her in timber beside the trail. This party arrived at the Spring Creek settlement on August 25, 1845. John Pangborn, father of Thomas, Ransom and Cyrus, died in Onarga September, 1845 and was the second person buried in the Pangborn Cemetery.
John Shipley first blacksmith in Onarga; before that time people went to Milford. Teachers from 1840 to 1850: Rev. T. B. Hall, Mahlon Boyd. Overabundance of wild game begins to thin out; deer, wild fowl, brants, prairie chickens, wild hogs & turkeys. Numerous snakes; rattlesnakes. Corn bread special for Sundays.
Teachers from 1850 to 1860: Miranda Miller [Falkenburg], Addison Lockwood, Violetta Boswell,
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ه قلمرو خود کرده؛چک اسلواکی را نیز زیر فرمان خود درآورده و با حمله به لهستان به زودی بزرگترین قدرت نظامی،اقتصادی و صنعتی جهان خواهد شد که رقیب خطرناکی برای امپراتوری بریتانیا خواهد بود با تحلیل سیاسی چرچیل موافقت کرد و چمبرلن را کنار زد و چرچیل جایگزین او شد. پیشبینی چرچیل در مورد جنگ سرد هم درست بود و اندکی پس از پایان جنگ متحدان پیشین (ترومن و استالین) به دشمنانی سخت بدل شدند؛
سخنان چرچیل در ۵ مارس ۱۹۴۶، در واقع درخواستی بود از آمریکا که متوجه این واقعیت باشد که استالین در حال برپا کردن رژیمهای خودکامه کمونیستی در تمام کشورهایی است که تحت کنترل نظامیشوروی قرار داشتند.آمریکا که در آن زمان به صورت بزرگترین ابرقدرت جهان درآمده بود مدتها از پذیرفتن این نتیجهگیری سر باز میزد؛ ولی یکسال بعد ترومن تصمیم گرفت که سیاست محدود کردن قدرت شوروی را دنبال کند.درسال ۱۹۴۸ با اشغال چکسلواکی توسط نیروهای شوروی و محاصره برلین تردیدی که آمریکا در این باره داشت از بین رفت.
چرچیل دوباره در سال ۱۹۵۱ به عنوان نخست وزیر انتخاب شد و در سال ۱۹۵۵ برکنار شد. با این حال تا اواخر عمر به عنوان عضو پارلمان بریتانیا باقی ماند.در زمان او بود که ایدن وزیر امورخارجه بریتانیا در تبانی با آمریکا و شاه،دولت دکتر مصدق را سرنگون کردند. اصولاً مبارزه برای ملی شدن صنعت نفت موجب شد محافظه کاران در بریتانیا به قدرت برسند.چرچیل در دنیای سیاست بریتانیا نقش بزرگی به عهده داشت چرا که نقش و دخالت سلطنت را در سیاست بریتانیا به تدریج تقلیل داد و تأثیرات این عملکرد از دوران ملکه ویکتوریا تا ملکه الیزابت دوم به چشم میخورد.
چرچیل اشرافزادهای بود که بر خلاف دیگران با ورود به ارتش سودای ارتقای موقعیت اجتماعی در سر نداشت و بودند احزابی که امیال سیاستورزی آنان را ارضا کنند و ارتش قدرتی نیست که بر این نظم سیاسی بشورد؛ چرچیل مظهر یک سیاستمدار نظامیبود که بریتانیاییها در برههای صحیح از دانش نظامی در کنار منش سیاسیاش بهره بردند.
مرگ
وینستون چرچیل در صبح یکشنبه، ۲۴ ژانویهٔ ۱۹۶۵ بعد از ۱۰ روز نگرانی عمومی از وضعیت سلامتیاش، در اثر سکته مغزی در سن ۹۰ سالگی در منطقه هایدپارک گیت در شهر لندن درگذشت. به دستور ملکه الیزابت دوم برای وی مراسم تشییع رسمی در کلیسای سنت پال با حضور ملکه برگزار شد. این اولین مراسم رسمی از سال ۱۹۱۴ در بریتانیا بود که برای فردی خارج از خاندان سلطنتی انجام میشد. این مراسم همچنین بزرگ ترین مراسم از این دست در بریتانیا بود به طوری که افرادی از بیشتر از صد کشور جهان شامل افرادی چون رئیس جمهور فرانسه، شارل دوگل، و رئیس جمهور آمریکا، دوایت آیزنهاور، حضور یافته بودند.
وینستون چرچیل در طول مدت خدمت سیاسی و فعالیتش به عنوان نویسنده افتخارات زیادی کسب کرده است.مردم بریتانیا در رای گیری نوامبر ۲۰۰۲ بیبیسی، سر وینستون چرچیل را به عنوان «بزرگترین بریتانیایی تمام تاریخ» انتخاب کردند. مارک تواین گفته است چرچیل "مردترین مردها" بود. وینستون چرچیل در کودکی تنبل ترین شاگرد مدرسه بود؛ «اودیس لکسی»، یعنی کندی یادگیری، داشت. در جوانی بهترین خبرنگار دیلی تلگراف بود.
از 5 جنگ در سه قاره گزارش تهیه کرد. در میانسالی منفورترین عضو پارلمان بریتانیا بود؛ به خاطر پیش بینی طولانی شدن جنگ جهانی اول و نیز ارائه طرح تانک جنگ طلب شناخته شد و در پیری محبوب ترین نخست وزیر تاریخ انگلیس شد؛ تنها رهبر اروپا که در برابر هیتلر ایستاد. در کتاب های درسی انگلیس به عنوان سخت کوش ترین فرد معرفی می شود؛ معروف است که تا سی سالگی نمی توانست حرف اس را تلفظ کند اما آن قدر تمرین کرد تا توانست. کمیته نوبل او را ماهرترین سخنران قرن بیست می دانست به خاطر همین سخنرانی ها و شش جلد خاطراتش در سال ۱۹۵۳ جایزه نوبل ادبیات گرفت.
آثار مکتوب او عبارتند از: سرگذشت نیروی پیاده ملکند، جنگ رودخانه، سورولا، لرد راندولف چرچیل، مسافرت آفریقایی من، بحران جهان، مارلبرو، تاریخ مردم انگلیسی زبان، زندگی جوانی من، افکار و ماجراها، معاصران بزرگ، جنگ جهانی دوم، طوفان نزدیک می شود، بهترین لحظات آنها، حلقه بسته می شود، پیروزی و تراژدی، بحرانی جهانی، تاریخ جنگ جهانی دوم و اتحاد بزرگ و محور سرنوشت.
مجله تایم در سال ۱۹۴۹، «وینستون چرچیل» را به عنوان «مرد نیمه اول قرن بیستم» معرفی کرد. چرچیل در سال ۱۹۴۰ نیز «مرد سال تایم» شده بود. وی در دوران خدمت سیاسی و فعالیتش به عنوان نویسنده، افتخارات زیادی کسب کرده است.چرچیل در ۹ آوریل ۱۹۶۳ با درخواست ریاست جمهور آمریکا، «جان اف. کندی» و با تصویب کنگره آمریکا، «اولین شهروند افتخاری ایالات متحده آمریکا» نام گرفت، ولی به دلیل ناتوانی جسمی، در مراسم کاخ سفید حاضر نشد و پسر و نوه اش، این نشان افتخار را به جای او طبق یک آمار جالب او در زمان زمامداری به طور متوسط سالیانه یک میلیون کلمه در مقالات، نوشتهها و صحبتهای خود به کار می برد که هر یک از این کلمات به نحوی در تعیین سرنوشت جهان مؤثر واقع شد.
این پرتره چرچیل زندگی حرفه ای« یوسف کارش» را دگرگون کرد...او در سفری به کانادا فرصتی چند دقیقه ای یافت تا از چرچیل عکس بگیرد. گویا چرچیل بعد از آنکه به عکاس اجازه میدهد که از او عکس بگیرد سیگاری روشن میکند.یوسف کارش که در این فرصت همه چیز را آماده کرده بود به سمت نخست وزیر می رود و سیگار را از میان لبهایش بیرون میکشد! بعد به دو میرود و ژست دوربین و تصویر را ثبت میکند. چرچیل که از این حرکت جا خورده بود با حالتی متخاصم که در عین حال متعجب نیز بود به دوربین نگاه میکند!اما چرچیل بعد از دیدن این عکس بسوی کارش رفت و دست وی را فشرد وگفت "تو حتی میتوانی یک شیر غران را ساکت کنی و از وی عکس بگیری!"
"عده ای این عکس را نماد عزم راسخ بریتانیا برای رویارویی با آلمان نازی میدانند."
سیاست وینستون چرچیل و جنازه ای که مسیر جنگ را عوض کرد !
جسدی که ماهیگیر اسپانیایی در ساحل «هوئلوا Huelva» با تور خود گرفته بود بسیار عادی بود. زیرا آن زمان (آوریل 1973) جنگ جهانی دوم باعث شده بود که اجساد زیادی از هواپیماهای سقوط کرده و کشتی های غرق شده در آب های اقیانوس اطلس شناور شوند.
ولی این جسد با جسدهای دیگر فرق داشت، چون جسد مردی بود که هرگز وجود خارجی نداشت و تعداد زیادی از سربازان متحدین هنوز به خاطر روشی که او آلمانی ها را فریب داد، زنده هستند.چیزی از بیرون راندن نازی ها از شمال افریقا توسط متحدین نگذشته بود و بنابر گفته های «وینستون چرچیل»: همه کس به جز یک احمق می داند سیسیل حتما هدف آینده متحدین است. متفقین به نحوی هیتلر را فریب دهند تا او طور دیگری فکر کند.
راه حلی که در بخش بسیار محرمانه نیروی دریایی انگلیس طراحی شد کاملا زیرکانه و حساب شده بود.
نقشه این بود:اسنادی را که آلمانی ها هرگز تصورش را نمی کردند به دست بیاورند، به دست آنها بیفتد و این کار باید به روشی صورت پذیرد که آنها مشکوک به توطئه نشوند…قرار شد قاصدی که برای رهبران متحدین پیروز دستوراتی را حمل می کرد و به افریقای جنوبی می رفت هواپیمایش سقوط و همه اسنادش در آب های اسپانیا غرق شود. دولت اسپانیا ظاهراً بی طرف بود ولی دوستان آلمانی بسیار نیرومندی داشت و جاسوسان آلمانی در آن کشور آنقدر زیاد بودند که متحدین اطمینان داشتند هر نوع سند انگلیسی فورا به آلمان می رسد.
یک سقوط واقعی هواپیما غیر ضروری بود زیرا از هواپیماهایی که در دریا سقوط می کردند، اغلب چیزی روی سطح آب باقی نمی ماند، قرار شد جسد را از یک زیر دریایی در خارج از سواحل اسپانیا بر آب بیاندازند.به دست آوردن اسناد تقلبی بسیار آسان بود، ابتدا ژنرال «سر آرچیبالد نای» ستاد همگانی سلطنتی به ژنرال «الکساندر» فرمانده ارتش هشتم نامه ای نوشت و نقشه ی حمله به خلیج «اراکسوس» در یونان را در آن نامه مطرح کرد. سپس آدمیرال «لرد لوئیس مونت باتن» به ژنرال «آیزنهاور» فرمانده ی کل در آفریقای شمالی و «سر اندروکانینگهم» آدمیرال ناوگان، نامه ای نوشت و در آن درباره ی ساردین هایی که باعث می شد نازی ها به یاد «ساردینیا» بیفتند شوخی کرد. مونت باتن همچنین در نامه اش قاصد را به عنوان عضو قابل اعتماد ستادش در عملیات مشترک معرفی کرد.
ولی مشکل اصلی پیدا کردن یک قاصد مرده بود. ظاهر جسد بایست طوری باشد که آلمانی ها هویت او را باور کنند. بنابراین قرار شد که جسد باید متعلق به مردی 30 ساله باشد و ظاهرش طوری باشد که نشان دهد قربانیِ سقوط هواپیما در دریا است.سرانجام جسد مردی به همان سن پیدا شد، او بر اثر ابتلا به ذات الریه درگذشته بود. پدر و مادر او به این شرط که تششیع جنازه کاملی برای پسرشان برگزار شود و اینکه هویت واقعی او هرگز فاش نشود، قبول کردند از جسد پسرشان استفاده شود.
بنابراین نیروی دریایی شروع به خلق هویت جدید برای آن مردِ مرده کردند، آنها از او دریانوردی سلطنتی ساخته و او را کاپیتان «ویلیام مارتین» نام نهادند. زیرا در نیروی دریایی چندین نفر با نام خانوادگی مارتین بودند. آنها نام او را در پست افراد نیروی دریایی قرار دادند و محل تولد او را کاردیف و سال تولدش 1907 تعیین شد. برایش کارت شناسایی شماره ی 148228 صادر شد و برای توجیه نو بودن کارت، دست نویسی زیر کارت نوشتند: به جای کارت شناسایی شماره ی 9650 که مفقود شده، صادر شده است.
آنها در کیف پولش یک اسکناس 5 پوندی و 3 اسکناس 1 پوندی گذاشتند. در جیب های شلوارش پول خُرد، یک بسته سیگار، یک قوطی کبریت، ته یک مداد، 2 بلیت استفاده شده ی اتوبوس و یک دسته کلید، رسید پرداخت شش شب اقامت در کلوپ دریایی و نظامی «پیکادلی» لندن و 2 بلیط تأتر قرار دادند.برای اینکه به زندگی خصوصی سرگرد مارتین (مردِ مرده) نیز رنگ بدهند، یکی از دختران نیروی دریایی به عنوان نامزدش 2 نامه برای او نوشت، این دو نامه همراه عکس آن دختر و فاکتور 53 پوندی برای خرید حلقه ی نامزدی را نیز در جیب هایش گذاشتند. همچنین نامه ای از پدرش که از ولز شمالی نوشته شده بود و در آن خبر نامزدی پسرش با حرارت کمتری ذکر شده بود را نیز در جیبش قرار دادند.
آخرین مدارکی که همراه او گذاشتند، نامه ای از بانک «لوید» بود که خواستار رسیدگی سریع به چک بی محلی به مبلغ 79 پوند بود و یادداشتی از طرف شرکت وکلا که درباره ی منظم کردن وصیت نامه اش نوشته شده بود.اکنون همه چیز برای تحویل دادن قاصد مرده به آلمانی ها آماده بود.جسد را از سردخانه بیرون آوردند، به آن اونیفورم پوشاندند و به یک جلیقه نجات مجهزش کردند.
اموال شخصی او بسته بندی شده و اسناد رسمی اش که در یک کیف دستی گذاشته شده بود به کمرش بسته شد. سپس او را در کانتینری که پر از یخ خشک بود گذاشتند و 2 نفر همراه با جسد سفر طولانی شبانه ی خود را به طرف گریناک اسکاتلند آغاز کردند. زیردریایی «سراف» در آنجا منتظر تحویل گرفتن جسد برای بردن به «مالتا» بود.
در این مرحله، فقط فرمانده ی زیر دریایی از این عملیات سـری با خبر بود، زمانی که جعبه بزرگ به روی عرشه ی زیر دریایی آورده شد، به خدمه گفتند که در آن یک راهنمای شناور مخصوص برای کنترل وضع هوا قرار دارد که می بایست بدون اطلاع اسپانیایی ها از وجود چنین وسیله ای در آب های این کشور گذاشته شود.
بعد از 10 روز زیر آب ماندن، زیردریایی سراف در 30 آوریل ساعت 4:30 بامداد در نزدیکی سواحل جنوبی اسپانیا به سطح آب آمد. همانطور که افسرهای منتخب که ماهیت واقعی بار در آخرین دقایق به آنها گفته شده بود، جعبه را روی عرشه می آوردند، مه به تدریج روی دریا را می پوشاند. آنها سرگرد مارتین را بیرون آورده جلیقه ساخت غرب اورا باد کرده و وی را به آرامی در 2 کیلومتری دهانه ی رودخانه ی «هوئلوا» به آب انداختند. یک قایق لاستیکی با پارو نیز همراه او به آب انداخته شد تا نشانگر سقوط هواپیما باشد.نقشه بهتر از این عملی نمی شد. ماهیگیر اسپانیایی همان روز آنچه را که در دریا پیدا کرده بود به پلیس اطلاع داد و جسد به یک گشت دریایی اسپانیا تحویل داده شد. اخبار این حادثه همراه با اموال شخصی سرگرد به سرعت به سفارت انگلستان در مادرید رسید ولی درباره ی اسناد هیچ خبری گفته نشد.
این مدارک در 13 مه پس داده شد ولی قبل از آن از لندن درخواست رسمی هشدار دهنده ای برای بازپس گرفتن آنها رسیده بود ولی جاسوسان نازی تا رسیدن آن کار خود را انجام داده بودند. آزمایش های عملی ثابت کرد که پاکت ها را باز کرده بودند.بعد از جنگ، اسناد مصادره شده نازی ها نشان داد که افراد عالی رتبه آن نامه ها را خوانده اند. آن نامه ها حتی هیتلر را متقاعد کرده بود که متحدین به یونان و ساردینیا حمله خواهند کرد.
فرماندهی عالی آلمان، نیروهای آماده ی خود را پخش کرد تا مهاجمین را غافلگیر کنند، ولی زمانی که متحدیدن به سیسیل حمله کردند در انجا فقط با یک گردان ایتالیایی و 2 گردان آلمانی روبرو شدند این آلمانی ها بودند که غافلگیر شده بودند.
حمله بسیار موفقیت آمیز بود زیرا خسارات وارده در سواحل از آن چیزی که انتظار می رفت کمتر بود و از طریق ایتالیا راهی به اروپا باز شده بود.قهرمان آن مردی بود که درباره ی آن هیچ چیز نمی دانست. مردی که هرگز وجود نداشت، مردی که با تشریفات کامل نظامی توسط همان مردی که بدون اطلاع خودش کمک کرده بود تا هیتلر را گول بزند، در هوئلوا به خاک سپرده شد.
بهترین لحظه زندگی چرچیل از زبان روی جنکینز( کتابی در مورد چرچیل)
شهرت، محرک همیشگی اش بود، وقتی سخن می گفت کسی را توان مقابله با او نبود و کاملاً می دانست که درباره چه چیز سخن می گوید.او هفته ای یک بار و گاهی هم چند بار، با چند پروژه و طرح غیرممکن و مخاطره آمیز وارد دفترش می شد اما بعد از نیم ساعت، چیزی که ظاهر می شد اگرچه هنوز مخاطره آمیز بود، اما دیگر غیرممکن نبود!»چرچیل یک بار گفته است که تاریخ درباره او قضاوت خوبی خواهد داشت. البته او قصد داشت خودش تاریخ را بنویسد!
بسیاری از مردم تصور می کنند وینستون چرچیل دارای نقشی منحصربه فرد و قهرمانی دراوج دوره تمدن است . اما او به جز جنگ و خون و اشک و حرف، چیزی برای ارائه نداشت: «ما نباید تسلیم شده یا شکست بخوریم، ما باید تا آخر ادامه دهیم… باید در شنزارها وسواحل بجنگیم… باید درمیادین و خیابانها بجنگیم… ما نباید تسلیم شویم». «پس بگذار با وظایف خود سازگار شویم، وخود را چنان نیرومند کنیم که اگر امپراتوری بریتانیا وجمهوری آن ، هزاران سال نیز پابرجا باشد، مردم بگویند: «این بهترین لحظات زندگی شان بود».
البته اینها فقط حرف بودند وهمان گونه که چرچیل گفته است: «کلمات تنها چیزهایی هستند که تا ابد باقی می مانند». من این سخنان را از دوران کودکی به خاطر دارم ، هنگامی که با وحشت، در پناهگاههایی که باد درآنها می پیچید خم شده بودیم و صدای بمب ها از بالای سرمان به گوش می رسید. هفتاد هزارنفر از مردم به وسیله همین بمب ها کشته شدند. از آن روزهای وحشتناک، صدها تاریخچه ، خاطره و بسیاری فیلم ها ساخته شد وهمین ها تصویر افسانه ای چرچیل را و تقلید تمسخرآمیز سخن وری او، علامت V شکل مختص به او و خرناس هایش را زنده
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2H2O
- Organic Composition
On the other hand, the organic content of Calculus Bridge is roughly 85% cellular and the remaining 15% of the extracellular matrix.
The cellular density present within the Calculus and Dental plaque extremely. According to a rough estimation, it may be even much more than 200,000,000 cells present per milligram. However, most of the cells located in the Calculus Bridge are primarily bacteria. Besides them, some of them can also include a few species of Archaea or Yeast.
While the organic extracellular matrix of calculus mainly consists of three major things
- Lipids including the triglycerides, fatty acids, phospholipids, and glycolipids
- Extracellular DNA
- Other Elements
Besides the basic organic and inorganic components, some other elements also exist in nature that somehow take part in the formation of the Calculus Bridge. Some of those trace elements include
- amount of hosts
- Dietary things
- environmental micro debris
- salivary proteins
- plant DNA
- milk proteins
- starch granules
- textile fibers
- smoke particles and many more
Where is Calculus Bridge found?
Calculus is mostly found on lower anterior teeth and sometimes on the upper molars. Both these sites of the mouth are the predominant areas because the salivary gland ducts are present here just next to these teeth surfaces.
Moreover, a calculus bridge is an extensive medium of calculus or tartar that extends to surfaces of several tooth surfaces and the spaces in between the teeth.
The amount of tartar buildup on teeth differs from person to person. In general, it makes a border of brown or tan along the edge of the teeth by your gumline but in severe cases, Furthermore, it may also reach down into the gumline or up along the surface of the teeth.
What happens to it over time?
It becomes darker in color and increases in size with the age. Mostly calculus bridge is associated with two significant things
- gingival recession
- periodontal disease.
Therefore, several mobile teeth may get disclosed by the removal of this bridge. Therefore, doctors should inform this possibility before proceeding with further procedures of debridement.
Explore study material from Dental Section.
How plaque can become a calculus bridge?
Teeth can be covered by plaque very easily. When we eat or drink something the bacteria present in our mouth mix with the residue, and then release some acids that cause the breakdown of carbohydrates in our drinks and food.
Due to this your mouth has a combination of carbohydrates, acids, bacterias, and minerals that forms a colorless sticky layer over your teeth which we call plaque. Removing this layer of germs is extremely difficult without brushing and flossing. Therefore, this type of plaque is also called dental calculus.
New research says that it takes only 1 to 14 days for the formation of plaque. They also declared it dangerous because the tartar doesn’t just stay on teeth. Rather it also starts spreading down into your gum line. The result is stained brown teeth with a lot of pain. Besides all, calculus bridge can also affect the tissues under the gum line and can cause gum diseases and tooth decay.
Impact of Calculus Bridge on gums
If teeth are not regularly clean the bacteria present in tartar can affect the gums and gradually the jawline bones too. Its first sign is bleeding gums which is also called gingivitis. If that gingival inflammation is left untreated it may later lead to periodontitis which can cause a severe infection of the structures like the gums are mainly supporting the teeth. The gums are an integral part of a securing system of teeth. That is why when the gums are weakened teeth may fall out.
Significant Symptoms of Calculus Bridge
Some of the primary symptoms of Calculus Bridge and gum diseases are given below for your information:
- Red and swollen gums
- Bleeding when brushing
- Receding gums
- Continuous bad breath
- Loose teeth and many more
Side Effects of Calculus Bridge
Besides giving a bad appearance to your teeth Calculus can also cause the following harmful side effects:
Plaque and tartar together make your breath smell very bad and this condition is called Halitosis.
When you feel your gums become red or swollen and they bleed when you brush or floss your teeth. This condition is called gingivitis and if you don’t take care it will lead to a severe gum disease called Periodontitis.
- Receding gums.
Receding gums are also a type of periodontal disease in which gums leave their place, exposing more of your teeth for bacteria and allowing them to creep into the gaps between your gums and your teeth.
The tartar on your teeth can act as a shield for bacteria from the toothbrush. Then both the tartar and the plaque can cause tiny holes in the enamel of your teeth which further allows bacteria and acid to go deep down into the tooth and cause the development of cavities or holes.
- Tooth loss
If dental calculus is not treated in time, it can cause gum diseases that can ultimately lead to the loss of teeth.
Removal of Calculus bridge
Once the calculus is formed on your teeth then it cannot be removed by merely brushing or cleaning your teeth with a toothpaste and brush. You will have to visit a reliable dentist who can remove it professionally. Sometimes the professional cleaning may work and remove the vast majority of it. While some other time, it may not be enough for you. That is especially the case when the calculus has reached down far below the gumline.
What Does the Dentist Do with Calculus Bridge ?
A dental hygienist can clean this calculus with a handheld tool called a dental scaler. This dental scaler has a small hook on the end with which the tartar can be scraped easily. The dentist carefully removes the hardened plaque and tartar present between your teeth gaps and around your gum line.
Then the doctor smooths out the areas on the root surfaces after scaling your teeth. This process is commonly known as root planning. In addition to these tools, there are also ultrasonic instruments that can remove the calculus bridge safely and sound comfortably.
However, sometimes the calculus is extensive and too hard, that it may take more than one session to clean it. And that extensive cleaning can cause your gums to sore afterward.
How to prevent a calculus bridge?
When it comes to preventing the build-up of calculus bridge, dental hygiene is the key to success. Since the calculus starts building up right after the formation of the plaque layer. So, to avoid this thing you will have to be very careful about the plaque formation and its removal because it is the core cause and root of this problem. If the plaque gets treated at the right time, then there is no chance of it turning into calculus. So, just remember the saying “Prevention is better than cure” and take care of your teeth very well.
Steps to stay Calculus Free
The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends the following main steps which can keep your mouth healthy and Calculus Bridge free:
- Brush your teeth thoroughly twice a day by using any toothpaste which contains fluoride.
- The brushing time should be 2 minutes every time.
- Clean your teeth in between these two brushing times also. This process called interdental cleaning should include flossing or any other tool which can clear away the debris that might be hidden between your teeth gaps.
- Avoid sugary drinks and snacks. That is because most of the sugary items provide opportunities for bacteria in your mouth to mingle with the sugar that’s left behind. Ultimately that becomes a major reason for the formation of plaque layers on your teeth.
- Moreover, it is recommended to visit a dentist regularly or at least once a week for a checkup. A dentist can carefully check your teeth and gums and can diagnose diseases like gingivitis, receding gums, and tooth decay.
- Let your dentist know your habits of eating and ask him for recommendations for strategies that may help you to keep protected from all the teeth and gum issues.
Besides all the above-mentioned tips and tricks, some research solutions may help you out. Some of those authentic researches include a 2008 double-blind clinical trial Trusted Source and a 2013 review of more than studies Trusted Source. According to both of them, you can get rid of all toothache and Calculus issues by using a tartar control toothpaste. Therefore, we suggest people looking for such pastes that contain both fluoride and triclosan. Both these chemical substances help to fight bacteria that form plaque.
The first and foremost strategy to protect your teeth from major painting issues is to prevent the formation of plaque, tartar, and Calculus Bridge. All three of them prove extremely harmful to your oral system.
The only way to prevent their formation is to regularly brush and floss your teeth twice a day with healthy toothpaste. As we know that Prevention is better than cure, the same is the case here. Preventing oral diseases is easier than getting rid of them.
Taking good care of your teeth may indicate that you may never have a Tartar or Calculus that requires to be get removed from different dental procedures.
Therefore, we advise you to keep your teeth clean and tidy by brushing your teeth every time after you have a meal. Moreover, it is suggested to avoid sugary and sweet items as they are the most attractive things for most dental problems.Demonstrate the power of genetic transformation students will glow with excitement when they transform bacteria with pglo plasmid ideal for ap biology lab 6. Transformation of bacteria with plasmids is important not only for studies in bacteria but also because bacteria are used as the means for both storing and replicating plasmids because of this, nearly all plasmids (even those designed for mammalian cell expression) carry both a bacterial origin of replication and an antibiotic. Learn biotechnology techniques first hand while discovering the relationship between bacterial transformation efficiency and plasmid dna concentration. Find the latest research, reviews and news about bacterial transformation from across all of the nature journals. Are you finding few to no colonies after dna transformation here is a simple troubleshooting checklist you can quickly do to find the problem. How can a plasmid be inserted into a bacterial cell how can transformed bacteria carrying a recombinant plasmid be distinguished from.
In this animation produced by wgbh and digizyme, inc, learn about bacterial transformation, the process by which dna plasmids are introduced into a bacterial cell's genome the animation presents the physical challenges of getting the plasmids through the cell's plasma membrane and the heat shock technique used. Genetic modification is an essential technique in research, medicine and plant breeding this recently revised kit with green fluorescent protein is designed for use by 14–16 year-old and post-16 students (eg, gcse, a level and equivalent courses) about this kit this practical kit provides: a safe practical. Some bacteria have another method of transferring dna and producing recombinants that does not require conjugation the conversion of one genotype into another by the introduction of exogenous dna (that is, bits of dna from an external source) is termed transformation transformation was discovered in streptococcus.
Ampicillin resistance ampicillin sensitive play pause audio text dna transformation involves the transfer of naked dna into a recipient cell in the first step, double-stranded donor dna binds to specific receptors on the surface of a competent cell copyright ｩ the mcgraw-hill companies, inc recipient cell. Bacterial transformation is a key step in molecular cloning, the goal of which is to produce multiple copies of a recombinant dna molecule prior steps for creating recombinant plasmids are described in traditional cloning basics and involve insertion of a dna sequence of interest into a vector backbone in transformation. Bacterial transformation is a natural process in which cells take up foreign dna from the environment at a low frequency after transformation, the cells may express the acquired genetic information, which may serve as a source of genetic diversity and potentially provide benefits to the host (eg, antibiotic resistance.
Transformation is the process that occurs when a cell ingests foreign dna from its surroundings transformation can occur in nature in certain types of. What is transformation in nature, some species of bacteria can acquire exogenous dna from the surrounding environment through a process called transformation the newly acquired genetic information is both stable and heritable in the laboratory, scientists can force bacteria like e coli to take up dna.
Teacher hi, my name is erin mckechnie and welcome to the glowing genes activity in this experiment you will conduct a bacterial transformation, which is a specific type of genetic engineering by using a plasmid vector you will insert two new genes into harmless e coli bacteria the first gene codes for green. Recently, a unique method for bacterial transformation using nanofibers to inoculate dna has been developed by naoto yoshida and colleagues we have verified the principle, transforming escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica and acinetobacter baumannii, and have established a user-friendly protocol a buffered. Transfer of plasmid dna into bacteria how bacteria are selected protein production and purification. Key concepts i: bacterial transformation genetic transformation occurs when a host organism takes in foreign dna and expresses the foreign gene in this part of the lab, you will introduce a gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin into a bacterial strain that is killed by ampicillin if the susceptible bacteria incorporate.
Transformation occurs naturally in some species of bacteria, but it can also be effected by artificial means in other cells for transformation to happen, bacteria must be in a state of competence, which might occur as a time-limited response to environmental conditions such as starvation and cell density transformation is. For more information, visit http://wwwbio-radcom/yt/bacterial-transformation-kit this video demonstrates how to perform a bacterial transformation using t.Box of Robbers
Frank Baum, author of The Wizard of Oz, wrote other delightful stories for children. Here is one of them, about a little girl whose curiosity almost starts a crime wave in the attic!
The Challenging Bull
This warning to bullying, bragging bulls first appeared in The Anita Hewett Animal Story Book, and is published here by kind permission of The Bodley Head.
Barney’s Winter Present
Barney is a stoat … at least he thinks he is. Could the winter snowfall have something to do with the change in Barney?
Toad of Toad Hall (Part 3)
Never has fate brought proud and popular Toad so low! But in order to escape from prison, even Toad is prepared to swallow his pride. Richard Hook’s illustrations are delightfully faithful to the spirit of Kenneth Grahame’s book.
Minnie the Floating Witch
One hot summer’s day, the clouds are floating past in the sky. And they are not all that’s floating!
Grogre the Golden Ogre (Part 2)
Grogre and Bogre meet a baby Slurm and go riding along a great river of fire.
An Eskimo Baby
Have you ever thought what it is like to be very young in the frozen lands of the Arctic? Lucy Diamond’s poem ponders the advantages and drawbacks.在伊拉克战争初期，数百名在美国寻求庇护的难民正受到美国政府安全官员的严密审查，因为他们可能与基地组织在伊拉克的附属机构有联系。
联邦调查局局长罗伯特·穆勒星期四对一些恐怖主义专家感到惊讶，当时他回答有关美国内部威胁的问题时表示，联邦调查局正密切关注基地组织在伊拉克的分支。 该组织在伊拉克杀死了数千人，但并未被视为美国境内的威胁。
穆勒说，可能的威胁在于“可能在美国重新定居的人，这些人与伊拉克的基地组织有某种联系。”
立法者没有跟进这一说法，但一名美国情报官员证实，多个机构正在努力确定该组织是否构成国内威胁。 第二位美国官员表示，重点主要集中在战争初期抵达的伊拉克人身上。 安全审查并不像2007年那样严格，当时美国显着加快了重新安置的步伐。
这些官员不愿透露姓名，因为他们无权讨论敏感的安全问题。
穆勒的言论表明，重点是过去与恐怖组织有联系的难民。 他的言论或其他官员没有迹象表明存在迫在眉睫的威胁。
根据国务院的数据，从2003年到2006年，美国重新安置了约700名伊拉克难民，其中一半以上抵达密歇根州，亚利桑那州，德克萨斯州，加利福尼亚州和伊利诺伊州。 从2007年开始，这一步伐急剧上升，自战争开始以来，已有超过58,000名伊拉克难民抵达美国。
美国对伊拉克基地组织的定义一直有些松散，特别是在战争初期，当时尚不清楚AQI领导人扎卡维与成千上万的逊尼派穆斯林之间是否存在联系萨达姆侯赛因现在宣布为复活的复兴党，或属于反对入侵的其他反叛组织。
在战争初期，经常优先考虑那些担任翻译或以其他方式帮助美国军队的难民。 例如，伊拉克律师于2003年4月将美国告知战俘杰西卡林奇，并与他的家人在美国获得庇护。 小费导致林奇拯救。This image from NASA's Dawn spacecraft shows the crater Numisia, located just south of the equator in the Numisia quadrangle on Vesta. Bright material appears in various forms on Vesta, and is mostly associated with large fresh craters. This material can be seen on the walls of Numisia in this image.
The image was obtained by Dawn's framing camera on Oct. 21, 2011, during high-altitude mapping orbit (on average 420 miles or 680 kilometers above Vesta's surface). This particular image was taken at 435 miles or 700 kilometers above the surface. It covers about 1,200 square miles (3,000 square kilometers).
The Dawn mission to the asteroids Vesta and Ceres is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Dawn is a project of the directorate's Discovery Program, managed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. UCLA is responsible for overall Dawn mission science. The Dawn Framing Cameras have been developed and built under the leadership of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, with significant contributions by DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, and in coordination with the Institute of Computer and Communication Network Engineering, Braunschweig. The framing camera project is funded by the Max Planck Society, DLR, and NASA/JPL.
More information about the Dawn mission is online at http://www.nasa.gov/dawn and http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov.来源：CreateLight
1，定义
让我们来谈谈代码。代码重要吗？当然，代码就是设计（Jack W.Reeves, 1992）；代码是最有价值的交付物。我们需要好代码吗？在给“好代码”下个定义之前，这个问题无法回答。那么，究竟什么是好代码？
闻到硝烟味了吗？哦不，战争从来不是好东西。对我而言，好代码就是 “整洁可用” 的代码。
好代码首先必须是“可用”的代码，“可用” 是指代码做了它应该做的事情，而且做得不错。 如果让你写求绝对值的代码，你就不能写成求平方根的；如果让你做一个文本编辑器，OK，你做出来了，它不是一个图片编辑器，它确确实实就是一个文本编辑 器，但是用户输入一个字要一分钟，这也不能称之为“可用”，因为它没达到“不错”的标准，当然，如果这个文本编辑器
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and know it are strongly advised to pay attention to this symptom. It heralds an outbreak and means most people are contagious during this time.
After the tingling sensation passes, people might notice a clustering of blisters, which will ultimately weep, break, and scab over. The first few outbreaks a person gets may cause very painful blistering, and as people have the condition for longer, outbreaks may be less painful, though they’ll still be noticeable. The number of outbreaks is unpredictable. Some people have them frequently and others have very few.
One of the most important herpes symptoms that bears mention is that of contagiousness. At all times that lesions are present, people should avoid skin-to-skin contact with others. There is growing evidence that people who have this condition may be contagious at all times. Medications like Zovirax® can help lessen frequency of outbreaks and may help in preventing spread of the disease at all times.Topuklu ayakkabıları hepimiz seviyoruz ama kesinlikle en rahatı bile bir şekilde vuruyor ayağımızı. Gelelim nasıl bir yöntemle ayakkabılarımı genişlettiğime;
Öncelikle şunu belirtmeliyim ki,ayakkabıcılara neredeyse ayakkabının 3te biri kadar para verip,genişlettirmek için uğraşmayın. Zira ben 5 ayakkabıyı da genişlettirdim, yaklaşık bir ayakkabı parası ödeyerek! İlk gün her şey iyi güzel, içine ıslak bez koydum falan ama hiç bir sonuç alamadım. Geçici bir genişleme olduğu doğru ama bir süre sonra yine aynı tas aynı hamam durumu kaçınılmaz.
Buzdolabı poşetlerini az miktar suyla doldurduktan sonra, altını üstünü iyice dezenfekte ettiğimiz ayakkabıların içine koyuyoruz. Hatta ben ayakkabıları da ayrı bir poşete koydum ki hijyenden taviz vermeyelim.
Ayakkabılar, dondurucunun boş bir yerine koyulur ve poşetlerdeki sular donana dek bekletilir (Yaklaşık 2-3 saat). Dondurucudan çıkartılan ayakkabılar, oda sıcaklığında, içindeki buzlar eriyene dek bekletilir. Poşetler çıkartılıp ayakkabılar giyilir
İşte hepsi bu kadar!
Öncesi ve sonrası diye düşünülürse, fark gerçekten memnun edici. Umarım işinize yarayacaktır. Bir defa yapıp yeterince genişleme sağlayamazsanız, ikinci, üçüncü defa uygulamaktan çekinmeyin. Ayakkabının kalıbına, esnekliğine, malzemesine göre bu durum değişebilir.
Deri ayakkabılarda daha iyi sonuç verir.Il Ministro: per me è matrice islamica
La polizia sul luogo dell'esplosione. Foto ANSA
Era un rifugiato siriano di 27 anni a cui un anno fa era stato rifiutato l'asilo politico in Germania l'autore dell'attentato esplosivo ad Ansbach, all'ingresso del luogo dove si teneva un concerto con 2.500 spettatori. L'uomo è morto, ferito dal suo stesso ordigno che ha inferto lesioni anche gravi ad una decina di persone nella cittadina a 40 chilometri da Norimberga. Il ministro dell'Interno della Baviera, Joachim Hermann, esprime certezza: "La mia opinione personale è che io, purtroppo, penso che sia molto evidente che qui c'è stato un vero e proprio attacco suicida islamista".
Dopo la strage di Monaco e l'aggressione a colpi di machete che ha provocato un morto e due feriti a Reitlingen da parte di un altro siriano, la bomba di Ansbach chiude un weekend da incubo per la Baviera. L'attentatore, ha spiegato il ministro Joachim Herrmann, intendeva colpire per "fermare" il festival musicale a cui partecipavano 2.500 persone. Tuttavia l'uomo, che è morto, non è riuscito a fare esplodere il suo ordigno dove voleva. L'esplosione ha creato una voragine, sono in corso rilievi per capire l'origine dell'esplosivo. È stato trovato il cellulare dell'attentatore: sono in corso ricerche per capire chi il siriano abbia contattato usandolo.
Da quando al kamikaze era stata respinta la richiesta di asilo in Germania, aveva sempre vissuto ad Ansbach. Aveva tentato il suicidio due volte ed era stato anche ricoverato in un ospedale psichiatrico. La vicenda riaccende la polemica sui rifugiati, tema già caldo nella Germania dell'accogliente cancelliera Merkel (che ne ospita circa un milione) e diventato rovente nell'ultimo weekend visto che due rifugiati siriani sono stati i protagonisti degli ultimi sanguinosi episodi in una Baviera che reclama un giro di vite. Il ministro Herrmann si dice "scioccato" per il fatto che "si abusi della protezione garantita ai richiedenti asilo. È un oltraggio che questo avvenga. Bisogna fare qualcosa perché non si continui con questo andazzo", sostiene, evidenziando che "chi cerca protezione in Germania deve avere rispetto totale per le leggi tedesche e per il popolo tedesco".
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تاریخ خبر : ۱۳۹۶/۰۵/۲۸ تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۲۱
یکی از مسائل و معضلاتی که صنایع مختلف از جمله صنایع نفت، گاز، پالایش و پتروشیمی با آن روبرو هستند، مسئله پساب های فرآیندی می باشد. فناوری نانو راهکاری مختلفی را برای تصفیه پساب ارائه می نماید که یکی از روش های تصفیه پساب بهره گیری از فناوری پلاسما می باشد.
منابع آب شیرین و قابل مصرف در فعالیت های صنعتی و کشاورزی بسیار محدود است و بازیافت حجم آب مصرف شده در صنایع بخصوص در کشورهایی که از نظر منابع آب شیرین محدودیت دارند بسیار حائز اهمیت است. عدم تصفیه پساب های صنعتی علاوه بر این که مصرف آب را در صنایع بسیار بالا می برد، از طریق نفوذ به لایه های آب های زیرزمینی آلودگی های مهمی را به طبیعت تحمیل می نماید. در سال های اخیر، مقررات و قوانین زیست محیطی به وسیله نهادها و سازمان های ذیربط با کنترل بیشتری اعمال می شوند و صنایع مختلف باید با الزامات استانداردهای زیست محیطی به ادامه فعالیت بپردازند. تصفیه آلودگی های پساب های صنعتی بسیار پرهزینه است و روش های سنتی از قبیل روش های ته نشینی و رشد بیولوژیکی هوازی و بی هوازی علاوه بر تحمیل هزینه های سنگین، در بسیاری از موارد جوابگوی استانداردهای لازم نیست و مشکلات مهمی برای صنایع ایجاد می کند. برطبق آمار سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، روزانه حدود 7 میلیون تن پساب فقط به دریای جنوب کشور وارد می شود.
تصفیه پساب های صنعتی با بهره گیری از فناوری پلاسما در داخل کشور به عنوان راهکاری بسیار سریع، کارآمد و همچنین کم هزینه انجام می شود. در این روش پس از تخلیه الکتریکی و ایجاد محیط پلاسمایی در داخل پساب، ذرات موجود در پساب با سرعت بالا به حرکت درآمده و با کمک پدیده کاویتاسیون پلاسمایی و تاباندن پرتو فرابنفش، مواد محلول در آب به هم چسبیده و با پلیمریزاسیون آنها، لخته های درشت ناخالصی ایجاد و ته نشین می شود. با توجه به این موضوع که کل این فرآیند در مدت زمان متوسط 2 دقیقه و بدون استفاده از هرگونه مواد شیمیایی صورت می پذیرد، مشکلات رایج سایر روش های تصفیه پساب مانند زمان بر بودن را ندارد و می تواند نقش پررنگی در حفظ محیط زیست ایفا کند.
در زمستان سال 1393 برای اولین بار در شهر تبریز پساب صنعتی معادل 20 مترمکعب در روز توسط این فناوری تصفیه شد. با موفقیت طرح مذکور، در سال 1394، پنج طرح دیگر با مجموع ظرفیت حدود 200 مترمکعب در روز در نقاط مختلف کشور مورد بهره برداری قرار گرفته است که تا به امروز در حال استفاده است.An atom is mostly nothing, essentially empty space. So we heard on the MKMMA webcast last week. So there is more “nothing” than “something” in us, and indeed in everything that exists in the physical world.
Well… it is true in a sense of course, but I was not quite satisfied. Why? Because I think there is an even better way to express it. How about a little detour into the world of quantum physics?
You may have heard that every solid physical particle is simultaneously also a wave, or a packet of energy distributed in space. This is the dual nature of matter – it is both solid and energy.
In the webcast we were presented with the model of an atom: Nucleus in the middle and electrons spinning around it at insane speeds. And because the size of both electron and nucleus are very much smaller than the size of the atom, the rest must be empty space, right? No!
In quantum physics, the electrons in the atom are not represented by solid particles. Instead they are represented by wave functions. The wave function describes the probability of finding the electron at any given point in space, essentially a probability distribution. At any given point inside the atom there is a certain possibility of finding the electron. But we don’t know where the electron actually is, just that it is somewhere in the vicinity of the nucleus. In fact, it could be anywhere… it has a certain probability of being at any given point in space. Or we could say, it has unlimited possibilities.
Why do I bring this up? Because there is no such thing as “empty space” or “nothingness”, instead there is a field of possibilities.
Another fun fact of quantum physics is, that if there are situations where a lot of energy is present, usually in the form of radiation, then particles can spontaneously create themselves out of thin air (so to speak). This may happen – and it does happen – all over space! It is simply energy converting itself to matter.
Energy converting into matter. Unlimited field of possibilities. Sounds familiar?Autore: Kathleen McGregor
Casa editrice: Leggereditore
Pag.: 827
Costo: 12,90
"L'aria fredda lo fece rabbrividire,
scompigliandoli i lunghi capelli rossicci
e insinuandosi sotto la sottile stoffa della camicia.
Si rizzò in tutta la sua considerevole statura
e una luce ambigua lampeggiò per un istante nei suoi occhi,
neri come una notte senza luna, minacciosi come la tempesta."
Dorian O'Rourke, corsaro, comandante della Forthsite, dal cuore di ghiaccio, osserva, scruta, percorre con lo sguardo "...il mare tranquillo e il cielo sereno..." nessuna tempesta all'orizzonte... non ancora!
"Era stata allevata alla stregua del maschio che suo padre aveva desiderato invano, sapeva tutto di cavalli, di balestre e pugnali,
sapeva scrivere e leggere...
Era cresciuta come un guerriero, fiera e indomabile,
fino a quando il suo corpo sviluppandosi non l'aveva tradita,
rammentando a tutti la sua natura di donna."
Corinna Kathleen McPherson, lunghi capelli color del fuoco, è ancora una sedicenne quando scappa dalla sua amata terra, la Scozia, per fuggire da un matrimonio che non vuole, il suo unico desiderio è la libertà!
Ma circostanze al di fuori delle sue scelte, la portano lontana dalla sua destinazione, dai suoi desideri, dalla sua libertà, prigioniera degli spagnoli prima, salvata dai corsari è costretta ad adeguarsi agli avvenimenti...
Dorian non riesce a capacitarsi, una "bambina in un corpo di donna", è terrorizzato da come il suo essere reagisca alla sola vicinanza di Kate e non può farne a meno, deve assaporarla...
"Si chinò e strofinò la propria bocca sulle sue labbra calde.
Percepì il suo profumo,
e una nuova ondata di desiderio lo sommerse.
Il suo corpo la reclamava ardentemente,
ma non voleva spaventarla.
Desiderò introdurre la sua lingua in quella bocca
e allargarle dolcemente le gambe perfette per immergersi dentro di lei,
svegliandola al ritmo dell'amore..."
E' un fuoco che divampa, che tormenta, che brucia, che scotta e scalda due corpi in cerca di una passione che conoscono essere solo la loro. Dorian e Kate, si cercano, si allontanano, mai amore e odio sono così presenti, in due anime che non possono fare a meno l'uno dell'altro.
E quando la tempesta giunge, quando la disperazione prende il posto dell'amore, tutto cambia...
"L'aveva amata, l'aveva odiata.
Aveva aspettato, con una pazienza che sapeva di non possedere,
che si risvegliasse, che aprisse quei suoi magnifici occhi su di lui,
e si rendesse conto che era vivo.
Aveva desiderato vedere l'emozione travolgerla, vederla tremare, piangere...
Aveva desiderato guardarla in fondo agli occhi
e capire che non aveva mai smesso di amarlo..."
L'amore è tutto, passione, tormento, sensualità, disperazione, coraggio, paura, forza. L'amore brucia, ti afferra con i suoi tentacoli e si aggrappa fino a quando non muta e subentra l'odio, ma dove c'è odio c'è un amore che si rinsalda dalle macerie, e Dorian e Kate ne sono i protagonisti di questo splendido romanzo.
IL MIO COMMENTO
Trovare le parole giuste, è questo il vero problema...
Mi sono spesso domandata, come sarebbe stata la mia opinione se avessi preso in mano un romanzo per la seconda volta, lo avessi riletto e...
Corinna è uno di quei romanzi che difficilmente dimentichi, perché ti divora dall'interno, si nutre dei sentimenti che provi attraverso le vicende che sconvolgono la vita di due personaggi così diversi ma cosi simili tra loro.
Un romanzo intenso, esplosivo, passionale, una storia che leggi a per di fiato, che non riesci a lasciare (neanche per la seconda volta), perché temi di perdere l'attimo, il momento in cui l'amore vince, in cui la disperazione sopraggiunge come un cavalcare di onde in tempesta.
Corinna (Kate) e Dorian vivono una passione al di fuori degli schemi, s'incontrano ed è subito bufera.
Corinna dai lunghi capelli rossi è indomita, un uragano che giunge nella vita di O'Rourke e non solo, ovunque lei si trovi non c'è scampo per nessuno. Diversa da tutti e da tutte, dalle tipologie di "donzelle" indifese, in cerca di aiuto, protezione, è testarda, audace, sensuale, ma anche ingenua, perspicace, è la donna che tutti vorrebbero per la sua bellezza e che rifuggirebbero per la cocciutaggine, ostinazione, accanimento.
O'Rourke non è da meno, è incantato, soggiogato da quella fanciulla che gli è entrata nel sangue, nell'animo, come ammettere di amarla, quando il suo mondo cambierebbe del tutto?
In questo romanzo il detto "l'amore non muore mai" calza a pennello, le ore, i giorni, le settimane, i mesi, trascorrono inesorabilmente, ma il tempo lenisce le ferite, spegne in parte un fuoco che sotto le ceneri continua a scaldare.
Corinna e Dorian, Dorian e Corinna, un gioco di parole, uno scambio di nomi ma nulla può contro il loro amore, né tormente, né prigioni, neanche la morte potrà allontanare i loro destini.
Ho amato questo romanzo la prima volta che l'ho letto, l'ho riamato anche questa volta, senza esitazione continuerei a consigliare la lettura di questo e degli altri a seguire...
La saga del Mar dei Caraibi è composta da:
Corinna. La regina dei mari
Cuore pirata
L'irlandese
La sposa spagnola - spinoff
Ho amato questo romanzo la prima volta che l'ho letto, l'ho riamato anche questa volta, senza esitazione continuerei a consigliare la lettura di questo e degli altri a seguire...
La saga del Mar dei Caraibi è composta da:
Corinna. La regina dei mari
Cuore pirata
L'irlandese
La sposa spagnola - spinoffSip on some knowledge. These are the Real Facts.
A group of porcupines is called a prickle.
99% of our solar system's mass is the sun.
More energy from the sun hits Earth every hour than the planet uses in a year.
If two pieces of the same type of metal touch in outer space, they will bond together permanently.
Just a sugar cube of neutron star matter would weigh about one hundred million tons on Earth.
A soup can full of neutron star material would have more mass than the Moon.
Ancient Chinese warriors would show off to their enemies before battle, by juggling.
OMG was added to dictionaries in 2011, but it's first known use was in 1917.
In the state of Arizona, it is illegal for donkeys to sleep in bathtubs.
The glue on Israeli postage stamps is certified kosher.
Rats and mice are ticklish, and even laugh when tickled.
Norway once knighted a penguin.
The King of Hearts is the only king without a mustache.
It is illegal to sing off-key in North Carolina.
Forty is the only number whose letters are in alphabetical order.
One is the only number with letters in reverse alphabetical order.
Strawberries are grown in every state in the U.S. and every province in Canada.
The phrase, “You're a real peach” originated from the tradition of giving peaches to loved ones.
At latitude 60° south, it is possible to sail clear around the world without touching land.
Interstate 90 is the longest U.S. Interstate Highway with over 3,000 miles from Seattle, WA to Boston, MA.
DFW Airport in Texas is larger than the island of Manhattan.
Benjamin Franklin invented
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UEFA
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|17||Kocaeli Birlik Spor||34||4||4||26||-48||13|
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|9||Niğde Belediyespor||34||14||7||13||-1||49|
|10||Kırklarelispor||34||11||9||14||-9||42|
|11||Kahramanmaraşspor||34||9||12||13||-14||39|
|12||Zonguldak Kömürspor||34||9||11||14||-14||38|
|13||Pendikspor||34||9||10||15||-13||37|
|14||Fethiyespor||34||8||12||14||-9||36|
|15||Fatih Karagümrük||34||10||6||18||-16||36|
|16||Nazilli Belediyespor||34||7||8||19||-24||29|
|17||Karşıyaka||34||6||9||19||-22||21|
|18||Silivrispor||34||2||11||21||-34||17|
|İmsak||Güneş||Öğle||İkindi||Akşam||Yatsı|Sitemap
L'immagine qui sotto mostra la piattaforma DynDevice LMS con aperta l'unica maschera di gestione del modulo: si tratta del campo in cui inserire il codice CSS per la gestione dell'aspetto grafico della mappa.
Alcuni siti che utilizzano questo modulo
Il modulo "Mappa del sito" è solitamente utilizzato in tutti i siti realizzati con il content management system (soluzione "5. e-Commerce e sito web"). Per visualizzare un esempio di mappa del sito realizzata con il modulo proprio su questo sito, cliccare qui.Altri aforismi collegati:
Nessuno vuole la libertà per tutti; ciascuno la vuole per sé. L’angoscia è la vertigine della libertà. Gli schiavi felici sono i nemici più agguerriti della libertà. La libertà non è una cosa che si possa dare; la libertà, uno se la prende, e ciascuno è libero quanto vuole esserlo. L’uomo veramente libero è colui che rifiuta un invito a pranzo senza sentire il bisogno di inventare una scusa. La vera libertà di stampa è dire alla gente ciò che la gente non vorrebbe sentirsi dire. Gli uccelli nati in una gabbia pensano che volare sia una malattia. Se la gente deve scegliere tra la libertà e i panini, sceglierà i panini.Anche se non i farmaci sono assolutamente garantiti per essere sicuri durante la gravidanza, alcuni farmaci sono migliori di altri. Molti OB / GYNs e operatori sanitari delle donne, così come siti web hanno un elenco di farmaci che sono considerati ragionevolmente sicuri per le donne incinte.
Le donne che sono incinte o che ritengono di essere in stato di gravidanza, dovrebbero sempre verificare con il proprio medico prima di prendere qualsiasi prescrizione o farmaco, così come i rimedi a base di erbe o del tutto naturali.
La Food and Drug Administration (FDA) categorizza farmaci in base alla classe A, B, C, D o X, a seconda della loro sicurezza provata durante la gravidanza.
Una donna che potrebbe essere incinta deve evitare di assumere qualsiasi farmaco senza l’approvazione del medico.
La maggior parte dei medici raccomandano che tutte le donne incinte prendano vitamine prenatali, che sono disponibili over-the-counter o prescrizione medica. Integratori prenatali che includono Omega-3 acidi grassi derivati da olio di pesce dovrebbe essere per la sicurezza senza mercurio. Per le allergie ed eruzioni cutanee, Benadryl sono considerati una scelta sicura. Anche se Benadryl è Classe B, è stato utilizzato senza essere nocivo per molti decenni
Le donne in gravidanza devono prestare particolare attenzione alle etichette dei farmaci per assicurarsi che sappiano esattamente quello quali prendere.
Ad esempio, le versioni di Benadryl progettati per trattare le emicranie del seno e del raffreddore possono contenere paracetamolo e fenilefrina così come l’ antistaminico di base.سلولهای بنیادی و پزشکی بازساختی در جامعه فراگیر میشود
حمیدیه خاطر نشان کرد: در این جشنواره تنها یک بخش مانند کنگره است و بخش های دیگر کاملا متفاوت است و قسمت نمایشگاهی شرکت های دانش بنیان، فن بازار، برگزاری المپیاد دانش آموزی و تقدیر از پیشکسوتان از دیگر بخش های این جشنواره است.Nation’s hurricane ‘luck’ will run out
In 1933, Richard Gray, a U.S. government weather forecaster, noted that Florida had been hit by at least 37 hurricanes over the 45 years ending in 1930. During this period, the longest stretch with no tropical storms was only two years.
When the 2014 hurricane season officially began on June 1, the Sunshine State had gone more than eight years without being struck by a hurricane. It was back on Oct. 24, 2005, when Hurricane Wilma emerged from the Gulf of Mexico and caused billions of dollars in damage in South Florida. In fact, Wilma was the last Category 3 or stronger storm to hit the USA.
The 3,151 days and counting with no Florida hurricane and no major U.S. hurricane shatters the previous records for hurricane “droughts,” at least back to the turn of the previous century. In fact, from 1900 through 2013, the United States experienced a decrease in hurricane landfalls of more than 20 percent, and the strength of each year’s landfalling storms has also decreased by more than 20 percent.
Even so, I’d caution against putting too much significance on these numbers, as North Atlantic hurricane seasons are highly variable. In fact, the choice of time period makes a difference. For instance, starting the analysis in 1970, at the lowest point of 20th century hurricane activity, leads to an increasing trend.
But make no mistake: We can say with some certainty that there is little evidence to suggest that U.S. hurricanes have become more common or stronger. The recent report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change agrees: “No robust trends in annual numbers of tropical storms, hurricanes and major hurricanes counts have been identified over the past 100 years in the North Atlantic basin.”
Arguably, we are living in a lull of hurricanes, at least in the context of the past 100 years or so.
Residents of the Northeast — New York and New Jersey, in particular — might disagree. In 2012, Superstorm Sandy resulted in more than $50 billion in damage, and debate lingers over whether it was actually a hurricane when it hit landfall.
It would be a big mistake to conflate hurricane damage with storm frequency or intensity. Consider that the Great Miami Hurricane of 1926 resulted in $76 million in damage when it devastated what is today downtown Miami. Without a doubt, a repeat of that storm would result in much more damage, but how much?
Along with colleagues, I have conducted research to explore how much damage past hurricanes would cause were they to strike today’s population and development. We estimate, for example, that the 1926 Miami storm would result in more than $180 billion in damage were it to hit in 2014. That is almost twice the damage of Hurricane Katrina and nearly four times that of Sandy.
We tend to have short memories when it comes to disasters. After 2004, when four hurricanes struck Florida, and the record 2005 season that delivered three tropical storms and five hurricanes, insurance and reinsurance rates skyrocketed as many thought that we had entered a “new normal.”
Today, by contrast, there is strong downward pressure on rates as a shortage of damaging hurricanes has contributed to a glut of capital available to backstop hurricane risk.
Whether there are climatological reasons for the lengthy hurricane drought or whether it’s just the result of randomness, we can say with 100 percent certainty that our luck will run out.
When it does, we will have no excuse not to be prepared. Writing in 1933, government forecaster Gray observed, “If a building is properly constructed, including the proper type of roof and roofing material, and is securely anchored to the proper kind of foundation, it will not sustain serious structural damage in a hurricane of major intensity.” Strong buildings matter as considerable water damage occurs to structures that are compromised by wind damage.
The U.S. has an excellent track record with respect to preparing for hurricanes, so much so that the exceptions stand out. But we cannot let the current lull in landfalls lead to a letting down of our guard. The next big one is coming; it is just a matter of time.
Will we be ready? Are you ready?
Roger Pielke Jr., professor of environmental studies at the University of Colorado, also serves as director of its Center for Science & Technology Policy Research.Justinian the Great
$19.95 Buy and instantly download this paper now
This paper examines the life of Justinian, a man who rose from an obscure background to become emperor and earned the title "the Great" by restoring the empire to a partial measure of the glory that it had once had. The paper discusses how he managed to intervene successfully in Africa, Spain, and Italy, gradually bringing these areas back in imperial control. The paper notes that he also persecuted several Christian heresies, while allowing paganism to die out.
From the Paper:"In 526, on the death of his adoptive uncle, the emperor Justin, Justinian became emperor without dispute. He was forty-five years old, mature, not a creative mind, but clear and determined. He restored order amid political /religious passions, rebuilt the empire, and guarded the frontiers, all remarkably well. (Durant, 104-05: Bury, 23-27) He brought with him as his empress and co-ruler his wife Theodora. Scandalous history holds that Theodora was former prostitute. Historians agree that Theodora was poor and had an obscure, non-noble background. The same was true of Justinian. Aristocrats never forgave her these flaws."
Cite this Term Paper:
Justinian the Great (2007, December 01) Retrieved February 07, 2023, from https://www.academon.com/term-paper/justinian-the-great-133609/
"Justinian the Great" 01 December 2007. Web. 07 February. 2023. <https://www.academon.com/term-paper/justinian-the-great-133609/>کارلوس آلبرتو که به عنوان کاپیتان تیم ملی برزیل موفق شد در فینال جام جهانی ۱۹۷۰ مکزیک قهرمان شده و جام ژول ریمه را برای همیشه به برزیل ببرد، یکی از زیباترین گل های تاریخ فینال های جام جهانی را در همان سال وارد دروازه ایتالیا کرد و پایه گذار پیروزی تاریخی ۱-۴ سلسائو در برابر آتزوری بود.
کارلوس آلبرتو یکی از مدافعان مقتدر تاریخ فوتبال به شمار می آمد که در تیم هایی مثل فلامینگو و سانتوس نیز بازی کرده بود. آلبرتو در رده مربیگری نتوانست همانند دوران بازیگری موفق باشد و هدایت چند تیم داخلی و آسیایی، در کارنامه او دیده می شود.مقدمه
بسیاری متوجه نیستند که در صورت عدم وجود بند داوری در یک قرارداد اساسی ، مراحل داوری کاملاً امکان پذیر است.
توانایی انجام مراحل داوری منحصراً به خواست طرفین بستگی دارد زیرا این روش حل اختلاف صرفاً اجماعی است. وصیت نامه مورد نیاز (یا رضایت داوری) اغلب است, اما نه همیشه, در قرارداد منعقد شده بین طرفین در قالب بند داوری قید شده است.
پس از عدم درج چنین بند در قرارداد خود, احزاب تمایل دارند اختلافات خود را با توسل به سایرین حل کنند بیرون (دادگاه های ایالتی), با وجود بسیاری از مزایای بالقوه داوری در مقایسه با دادخواهی.
غالباً این امر به این دلیل است که طرفین از عدم وجود بند داوری داوری آگاه هستند.
اشکال مختلف توافق نامه های داوری
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Yaprak filizleri gibi çiçek filizleri de doğrudan köksaptan büyür, ancak maksimum 30 santimetre yüksekliğe ulaşır. Başlangıçta bir kırıntı çiçeği örter, ancak filizlendikten sonra bükülür ve beyaz soğanı ortaya çıkarır. Bu da kurumadan ve kahverengiye dönmeden önce birkaç hafta sürer. Muhtemelen oluşturulmuş tohumlar temelde Zamioculcas'ı çoğaltmak için kullanılabilir, ancak bu zor ve meslekten olmayanlar için pek başarılı olmayan bir çabadır.
Toksisite
Herhangi bir arum bitkisi gibi, Zamioculcas da hem insanlar hem de evcil hayvanlar için zehirlidir. Yaprak dökmeyen bitki, oksalik asit ve kalsiyum oksalat gibi cildi tahriş eden maddeler içerir, bunlar dışarıdan mukoza zarlarının ve cildin şişmesine ve kızarmasına neden olabilir. Bununla birlikte, yanma hissi vb. Şeklinde etki hemen ortaya çıktığı ve bu nedenle vücut önceden uyarıldığı için zehirlenme çok nadirdir. Örneğin, budama işlemi çok rahatsız edici olabileceğinden, budama sırasında gözlerinize bitki özünün kaçmadığından emin olun. Bu durumda gözleri berrak, ılık suyla iyice yıkayın. Bununla birlikte, bir doktor ziyareti genellikle gerekli değildir.
Hangi konum uygundur?
Konumu açısından, Zamioculcas memnuniyetle tutumludur. Temel olarak bitki, güneye bakan bir pencerede olmadığı sürece herhangi bir alanla baş edebilir. Bakımı kolay ev bitkisi tam güneşe dayanamaz, ancak yine de en rahatını parlak bir noktada hisseder. Böyle bir şey yoksa, “Zamie” yi gölgeye koyun - az ışıkla bile iyi başa çıkabilir, ancak daha sonra çok daha yavaş büyür ve çarpıcı şekilde koyu yeşillik oluşturur.
Her durumda, sıcaklık ışık yoğunluğundan daha önemlidir çünkü Zamioculcas 16 ° C'den daha soğuk olmamalıdır. Sıcak yaz aylarında bitkinin balkonda tadını çıkarabileceği 20 ile 25 ° C arasındaki sıcaklıklar büyümesi için idealdir.
okumaya devam et
Substrat
Ön gübreleme yapılabilen piyasada bulunan standart toprak substrat olarak yeterlidir. Şanslı tüy ayrıca yeşil bitki, iç mekan bitkisi veya palmiye toprağı için uygundur. İç mekan bitkisi, yüksek oranda kompost ile toprakta en rahat hissini verir. Daha iyi geçirgenlik için, alt tabakaya kil granülleri veya perliti (Amazon'da 32,90 €) karıştırın. Bitkiyi çok nemli tutmamaya dikkat edin - alt tabaka küflenirse, "Zamie" çok ıslaktır ve mümkün olan en kısa sürede yeni bir kap ve taze alt tabakaya ihtiyaç duyar. Toprak işleme yerine hidroponik tercih ederseniz, zaten düşük olan bakım çabası daha da azalır.
Bitki Zamioculcas doğru
Yeni bir Zamioculca satın aldıysanız, en iyisi onu taze alt tabakaya nakletmektir. Kabın köküne nüfuz ederek bitkinin yeni bir saksıya ihtiyacı olup olmadığını anlayabilirsiniz: Eğer neredeyse hiç yer kalmamışsa, daha büyük bir kap için zaman gelmiştir. Bu, olabildiğince geniş olmalıdır, çünkü kökler esas olarak genişler. Tencerenin dibinde de fazla suyun hızla tahliye edilebileceği bir tahliye deliği gereklidir. Silinmesini önlemek için zemini bir tabak çanak çömlek parçasıyla örtün. Genişletilmiş kil (Amazon'da 17,50 € *) veya perlit eklemek, alt tabakanın daha iyi geçirgenliğini sağlar.
Zamioculcas'ı dökün
Zamioculcas, Doğu Afrika anavatanlarında kuru zamanlarda hayatta kalabilmek için kullandıkları etli, kalın yaprak saplarında nemi depolar. Bu, onu yalnızca biraz sulanması gereken, ancak yine de her zaman kurumaması gereken etli bir bitki yapar. Substrat iyice kuruduktan sonra daima “Zamie” yi sulayın - bunu “vuruntu testi” kullanarak kil kaplarla belirleyebilirsiniz. Tencereye parmak eklemlerinizle hafifçe dokunun. Elde edilen kil boş geliyorsa, dökülme zamanı. İyi bayat, oda sıcaklığında musluk suyu veya birikmiş yağmur suyu kullanın. Fazla sulama suyu derhal uzaklaştırılmalıdır.
Zaman zaman Zamioculcas'ı duşun altına koyup yumuşak, ılık bir duş jeti ile durulayın. Duş almak bir taşla birkaç kuşu öldürür: Bir yandan yapraklarda biriken tozu alırken diğer yandan nemi artırarak örümcek akarları gibi haşerelerin kuruduğunda şansı kalmaz.
Dökme miktarı ile ilgili özel bir bilgi verilemez. Temel olarak, Zamioculcas'ın yaz aylarında kışın olduğundan daha fazla suya ihtiyacı vardır. Gerçekte ne kadar ve ne sıklıkla suladığınız, konumun parlaklığına, ortam sıcaklığına ve bitkinin büyüklüğüne bağlıdır.
okumaya devam et
Zamioculcas'ı uygun şekilde gübreleyin
Herhangi bir saksı bitkisi gibi, Zamioculcas da düzenli bir besin kaynağına bağlıdır. Sulama suyu ile birlikte verilen düşük dozlu sıvı yeşil bitki gübresi ile dört haftada bir gübreleyin. Alternatif olarak, yaz aylarında gübrelemenin unutulmaması için bitkiye ilkbaharda uzun süreli bir gübre de verebilirsiniz - örneğin çubuk veya külah şeklinde -. Kış aylarında gübrelemeyi bırakın.
Önceden döllenmiş toprakta yeni saksıya konan bitkiler, en erken sekiz hafta sonra gübrelenmeli ve ayrıca, iyileştikten sonra yalnızca besinlerle sağlanan haşereler veya hasta örneklerle enfekte olmuş örnekler. Bitkiler bu bakımdan insanlar gibidir: Ateşli bir soğuk algınlığıyla yatakta iseniz muhtemelen daha az yersiniz.
okumaya devam et
Zamioculcas'ı doğru şekilde kesin
Şanslı tüy yavaş uzasa bile, yıllar içinde oldukça yüksek ve her şeyden önce yaygın hale gelebilir. Bununla birlikte, bitkiyi kesmeyin, aksi takdirde çirkin kel noktalar kalacaktır. Zamioculcas güdükten filizlenmez, genellikle birkaç yıl kalır. Bunun yerine, çok fazla büyüyen bitkileri basitçe bölün.
Bazen yine de bıçak veya makas kullanmanız gerekir, çünkü hasta veya ölü sürgünler mümkün olduğunca çabuk kaldırılmalıdır. Kurumuş veya çürüyen yaprak saplarını doğrudan tabanda kesin ve ideal olarak kırpıntıları evsel atıklarla birlikte atın.
okumaya devam et
Böl ve yeniden yerleştir
Nadiren Zamioculcas'ı saksıya koymanız gerekir; diğer birçok saksı bitkisinin aksine, şanslı tüy sıkışık saksılarda durmayı sever ve yalnızca kökleri ekiciden çıkma tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya kaldığında yenisine ihtiyaç duyar. Genellikle bu, her üç yılda bir böyledir. Bu vesileyle, büyük bitkileri iki veya daha fazla ayrı bitkiye bölebilir ve ayrı ayrı dikebilirsiniz. Bu çekici bitkiyi çoğaltmanın en hızlı ve en kolay yoludur. Bu önlem için en uygun zaman ilkbahardır ve bitkileri saksı değiştirdikten sonra birkaç hafta daha yoğun sulamalısınız.
Zamioculcas yaymak
Dahası, şanslı tüy, kesik tarafı aşağı bakacak şekilde bir saksı toprağı tenceresine koyduğunuz yaprak kesimleriyle çoğaltılabilir, alt tabakayı daima hafif nemli tutun ve kabı yaklaşık 25 ° C'lik hafif bir yere koyun. Kesmeyi kapalı bir serada yetiştirmek en iyisidir, çünkü hava dalgalandığında kökler daha kolay oluşur. Bununla birlikte, yaprak gerçekten köklenene ve yeni bir sürgün oluşana kadar çok sabırlı olmanız gerekir: bu işlem bir yıla kadar sürebilir. Bundan sonra bile yeni bitki çok yavaş büyür. Tek tek broşürlere ek olarak, birkaç yaprakçıkla birlikte 20 cm uzunluğa kadar yaprak sapları da çoğaltılmaya uygundur.
okumaya devam et
Hastalıklar ve zararlılar
Zamioculcas, nadiren hastalanan veya zararlı böcekler tarafından istila edilen sağlam bir ev bitkisidir. Temel olarak tek sorun, genellikle kuru ve sıcak yerlerde ortaya çıkan örümcek akarlarıdır. Ara sıra bitkiye yağmur yağdırarak bu vebayı boynunuzdan uzak tutabilirsiniz.
Zamioculcas kahverengi yapraklar alır, ne yapmalı?
Zamioculcas aniden kahverengi yapraklar alırsa, genellikle arkasında hatalar vardır. Yapıp yapamayacağını öğren
- çok fazla veya çok az dökün
- çok fazla veya çok az gübrelemek
- ortam sıcaklığı çok yüksek veya çok düşük
- nem çok yüksek veya çok düşük.
Nedeni belirlenir belirlenmez, uygun önlemleri alın.
Zamioculcas sarı yapraklar alır, ne yapmalı?
Şans tüyü üzerindeki sarı yapraklar ise çok nemli bir yerin açık bir göstergesidir. Bu durumda, bitkiyi hemen taze, kuru alt tabakaya koyun ve çürümüş kökleri veya yaprak filizlerini kesin. Gelecekte Zamioculcas'ı daha az veya daha az sulayın.
İpuçları
Yaprak sapları bir metre uzunluğunda ve bazen daha uzun olabilir. Kendi ağırlıklarından dolayı asılı kalmalarını ve hatta bükülmelerini önlemek için, onları bir bant veya stabilize edecek benzeri bir şeyle bağlayabilirsiniz.
Türler ve çeşitleri
Temel olarak mağazalarda sadece bir çeşit Zamioculcas bulunur, ancak Berlin'deki Botanik Bahçesi'nde alacalı bir varyant da beğenilebilir. Ancak, bu nadiren görülür ve daha sonra çok para karşılığında satın alınabilir. Öte yandan, ara sıra sunulan siyah Zamioculcas 'Kuzgun'un aslında bağımsız bir çeşit olup olmadığı şüphelidir. Bu varyantın çok koyu yaprak sapları ve broşürleri, yeterince karanlık olduğu sürece her normal şanslı tüy tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Bu türde karanlık bir yer ve dolayısıyla az ışık otomatik olarak koyu renkli yaprakların oluşmasına neden olur.IT IS WITH the pleasure of fore-knowledge and a sense of familiarity that we come to the Harivamsha in Bibek Debroy’s new translation, a grand finale to his admirable effort as a translator of the complete Mahabharata. In the Harivamsha , we encounter beloved stories and characters—Putana’s death, the lifting of Mount Govardhana, the dance on Kaliya’s head. We feel Devaki’s pain and Vasudeva’s fear, Yashodha’s love for and exasperation with her naughty boy child, Balarama’s solid presence, the bewildered enchantment of the gopis and Krishna’s own knowing playfulness. Knowing the stories or the text should not prevent us from reading this book. In fact, it should give us the reason to read it and enjoy the stories anew.
The Harivamsha, which itself has three parts, concludes the mighty Mahabharata with lists of genealogies and various cosmogonic myths that we know from other Puranas. None of these are particularly interesting. But the heart of this text is the Vishnu Parvan where we are told a story of Krishna that unites all the seemingly disparate elements of his life—from miraculous child to enchanting lover to wily prince. In the Mahabharata, we know Krishna as the ruler of Dwarka, a cousin to the Pandavas, Arjuna’s beloved friend, a seasoned diplomat and a ruthless military strategist. The other cycles of Krishna stories (his childhood and adolescence) lie outside the Mahabharata and there has been speculation on whether or not these stories are actually about different Krishnas. Being a later addendum to the Mahabharata, the Harivamsha unites these many Krishnas in a single, linear narrative. It also establishes Krishna’s indubitable divinity and places him in the sequence of Vishnu’s dharma-saving avatars within Hindu mythology.
There is much in the Harivamsha that resembles the structure and content of the eighteen Mahapuranas, those sprawling texts, mostly named for the gods, that become the compendia of popular Hindu myths. Often, the Puranas tell the same stories, but each of them has its own version of the tales. As such, what we see of Krishna in the Harivamsha does not exhaust what we know of him, for he appears in the Bhagavata Purana and elsewhere, performing miracles, seducing women and upholding dharma in all that he does.
Like the other Puranas, for the most part, the Harivamsha is primarily interested in telling stories, so there isn’t really that much to appreciate or enjoy in terms of language and the ornamental flourishes that characterise so much other Sanksrit literature. But even though the reader may know the stories already, they are quite wonderful in this recension, keeping even the knowledgable reader attentive and engaged.
Despite what we already know and love so much about the Krishna story, the Harivamsha can surprise us with what it holds within it. I was certainly taken aback to find an explicit and entirely unexpected passage about environmental degradation. After he has pulled down the two trees with the mortar stone, young Krishna decides that it’s time for the cowherd community to move to another part of the Vraja (Braj) region. The Harivamsha, at this point, reads like any contemporary text about a land that has been over-grazed by cattle, being slowly parched from the loss of too many trees. ‘Since the gopas have destroyed the trees, the grass and wood have also been exhausted. These groves and forests used to be dense . . . all those radiant trees have been consumed as firewood by the gopas. What used to be inexhaustible has now been exhausted. Firewood and grass used to be available nearby. However, now we have to look for these in places that are far away. This forest has only a little bit of water and kindling left. Its foundation has been destroyed. . . No happiness can be found here.’
Debroy's translation is the closest a reader will get to the feel of the Sanskrit text in terms of grammar and syntax
There is no doubt at all that whoever wrote the Harivamsha (it is attributed to Vyasa) absolutely adored Krishna. The descriptions of him are loving and the story is basically a series of miracles and wondrous happenings with Krishna at their centre. Rutting elephants are killed, giant wrestlers are defeated, Kamsa meets the gory end he deserves. We also learn why Krishna treated Jarasandha and Shishupala the way he did in the Mahabharata. Readers should be able to glide through the casual violence of these episodes, carried forward on a surge of devotional fervour as they watch Krishna and his brother Balarama overcome their enemies and the forces of evil. But even if the reader is not a bhakt, surely s/he will be compelled by the urgent pace of the Harivamsha and the sense of Krishna’s manifestly extraordinary destiny.
What the Harivamsha does not contain and which we know from the Mausala Parvan of the Mahabharata, is the ghastly drunken massacre that kills all Krishna’s people— Vrishnis, Andhakas and Yadavas. In a surreal episode, the blades of grass around them turn into clubs and the clans use these to bludgeon each other to death. It also does not speak of Krishna’s own lonely and poignant death, a result of a curse from Gandhari. A hunter mistakes Krishna’s foot for the ear of a deer and shoots him in the heel. The great god dies as Gandhari had declared, alone and like an animal. How interesting it is that our gods, too, must die, that they also carry karmic residue which must be burned away, that they can be cursed because of what they have done to others.
Debroy has a fast and easy translation style that suits the nature and content of the Harivamsha. Rarely pausing for breath (it would seem), he presents the reader with a locution that closely resembles the Sanskrit, not rearranging the words in a sentence so that they follow an order more natural to English. As such, it is likely that Debroy’s translation is the closest that a reader will get to the feel of the Sanskrit text in terms of grammar and syntax. Nor does Debroy eliminate the repetitions or the patronymic and adjectival descriptors that become names for the heroes. The book is lined with footnotes, over 1,100 of them. Some are fascinating and reach across texts and stories and genres to provide clarity for the reader. There is no doubt that Debroy is a master of the universe in which he works and so it’s disappointing when some repeated footnotes (such as ‘the word used is tata’ explaining an endearment translated as ‘son’, for example) are really quite redundant, adding nothing to the reader’s knowledge or pleasure. In the main, however, Debroy’s footnotes enhance his translation, particularly because he makes no concessions for easy reading.
The Harivamsha concludes with a section entitled Bhavishya Purana, an absolutely fascinating projection of what the world will be like in the Kali Yuga. While some of it might make us smile, there is much that we will recognise about the times in which we live. Not least, ‘…the land will become desert and highways will traverse through the interiors of cities… sown seeds will not lead to crops… harsh winds will blow during the rain season, inferior and laced with showers of stones.’ Few, if any, footnotes are required here.I find constructivism most productive for thinking about the Tigris/Euphrates region. The conflict within this region is socially constructed by the clash of ideologies, cultures, and identities between and within nation-states. These things are the main driving forces of decision-making and action which shapes the process of social-interaction.
This theme most effectively explains the progression of the conflict within Syria. This conflict was a result of the Arab Spring, a movement driven by the Western values of democracy
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respected for his commitment to presenting permaculture ideas through practical projects and teaching by personal example, that a sustainable lifestyle is a realistic, attractive and powerful alternative to dependent consumerism.
As well as constant involvement in the practical side of permaculture, David is passionate about the philosophical and conceptual foundations for sustainability, which he explored in Future Scenarios: How Communities Can Adapt to Peak Oil and Climate Change (2009), and Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability (2002). RetroSuburbia: the downshifter’s guide to a resilient future (2018) is his manual for practical action. With an increasingly high profile as a public speaker, David Holmgren provides leadership with his refreshing and unorthodox approach to the environmental issues of our time.
David lives with his partner Su Dennett at “Melliodora”, a one-hectare (2.5 acre) permaculture demonstration site at Hepburn Springs, Central Victoria, Australia. Visit his web site at holmgren.com.au.Countering COVID – How do mRNA vaccines work?
Colin Rose is a Senior Associate of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM). He draws on recent updates from multiple sources including both the US and European Centres for Disease Prevention and Control. He researches and writes for Uni-Vite Healthcare Ltd.
On the radio, I heard someone say that the mRNA vaccine alters your DNA. This is totally untrue. Misconceptions like this can cause people to wrongly resist having vaccines.
That refusal can potentially harm themselves – and others – if we fail to create widespread-enough immunity, meaning normality is postponed.
It’s especially important to be clear on what mRNA vaccines can do, because there is a real chance that we may eventually get a mRNA vaccine against several cancers! So, bear with me and we’ll discuss that possibility later.
But first here are the facts.
How do standard vaccines work?
1. Inject an inactivated virus (the pathogen)
Standard vaccines work by injecting a dead, inactivated or weakened form of a virus (eg. flu) or bacterial infection (eg. tetanus) into the body. A portion of the virus – called the antigen – ‘trains’ your immune system to recognise and respond to the threat.
2. Your cells create specific antibodies to the specific pathogen
The result is that your cells begin to create antibodies that will prevent the virus from infecting and replicating, or ‘tag’ it for destruction. So, antibodies block antigens and there is a specific and unique antibody for each antigen. Just as only one key will fit into a specific lock.
Antibodies create a memory in your immune system of each specific pathogen, whether viral or bacterial. That’s the part of your immune system called the acquired of adaptive immune system – adaptive because it adapts to each specific pathogen.
Antibodies are proteins and your DNA – deep in the nucleus of each of your cells – sends a code or message to another part of your cell, called a ribosome, to assemble the amino acids needed to create the relevant antibody protein.
In the absence of a vaccine, your immune system needs to analyse the genetic code of the virus in order to create the relevant antibody. That takes time, and you could become seriously ill before that happens.
How RNA vaccines work – the difference
RNA vaccines work in a different way to conventional vaccines.
Using a messenger – ‘messenger RNA’ = mRNA
They introduce an instruction messenger into the body. This is the messenger RNA sequence (ie. mRNA), which contains the genetic instructions for your own cells to produce the relevant antibody and therefore generate an immune response. Messenger RNA has been likened to a cookbook recipe.
This skips the need for you to become infected, for your immune cells to find the virus, process it, and present the viral antigens to your immune system to create the antibodies.
The ‘m’ in mRNA stands for messenger and RNA means ‘ribonucleic acid’ with the ‘R’ signifying it is produced through ribosomes.
DNA is not altered
So, although it is a complicated process, your DNA (held within the nucleus of each cell) is not altered by the sequence – because it doesn’t enter the cells’ nucleus.
Faster development, as only a small part of the antigen’s genetic code needs to be sequenced
The advantage of mRNA vaccines is that you don’t have to grow the virus in a lab, because it is only the genetic code of the antigen on the surface of the virus that’s used, not the whole virus. And that genetic code can now be sequenced in days.
Faster scaling up
Scaling up can be far faster than a conventional vaccine. That’s important if the virus is mutating, meaning a regular need to create different versions. That’s what is done annually now with flu vaccines.
Low risk of unwanted immune reaction
An mRNA vaccine has a very low risk of triggering an unwanted immune reaction, because it is only a blueprint for ribosomes to make proteins – which they do continuously anyway. Indeed, they are doing this right now in your body.
Some issues to be overcome
Nevertheless, there are issues to be overcome. Most current mRNA vaccines are fragile and can lose efficiency if they are not stored at very low temperature, which makes the supply chain an issue. And, so far, we don’t have data on how efficient the mRNA vaccine is against different age groups. This is important as older people’s immune systems normally become weaker.
Conclusion on vaccines
Given an all-clear on any unwanted reactions, we should welcome the current mRNA vaccine alongside the more conventional ones like the one in final trials by Oxford University and Astra Zeneca. The US company Moderna also has an mRNA vaccine in trial.
It’s not either/or, but both/all, in order to get the huge numbers of doses we need.
The future for vaccines
Because mRNA vaccines are so flexible, scientists are developing them to target the antigens presenting on cancer cells. Early stage clinical trials are under way for a prostate cancer vaccine, as well as a rabies vaccine and a Zika vaccine.
But it’s not only each virus that needs a specific antibody to neutralise its antigen. Tumour cells present different antigen markers from patient to patient. And early clinical trials are on-going to use mRNA vaccines tailored to each individual tumour – potentially personalised cancer pharmaceuticals.
In an even more remarkable development, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania under Dr Drew Weissman have combined mRNA for 30 antigens for 30 different diseases into the same vaccine, making it theoretically possible for children to get 2 shots that cover more than 50 vaccinations. It’s in test.
Whilst it is vital that full safety trials are done on all vaccines, it is also essential that we combat the misinformation and conspiracy theories that are so rife on the internet.
Read the introduction to Colin Rose’s new book Delay Ageing
While you are here, I hope you’ll forgive me mentioning that there is a lot more information on how to support your immune system naturally in my just-published book Delay Ageing. And in my other recent articles.
mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology; Norbert Pardi et al; Nature Reviews Drug Discovery volume 17, pages 261–279 (2018)Balıkesir'in Burhaniye ilçesine bağlı Pelitköy Mahallesi'nde Özgür Ü. ve kuzeni Doğuş Ü., önceki gece işyerine gittikleri bakkal Aziz Kuzu (64) ile alacak meselesi yüzünden tartıştı.Tartışma kavgaya dönüşünce, iki kuzen av tüfeğiyle Kuzu'ya ateş etti. Kuzu da tabancasıyla kuzenlere ateş etti. Yaralanan Kuzu, Özgür Ü.ile Doğuş Ü. hastaneye kaldırıldı. Ancak durumu ağır olan Kuzu, kurtarılamadı.وکشور ما از سال ها قبل عضو افتخاری سازمان همکاری های شانگهای بود و خوشبختانه با اقدام ها و تلاش های دولت سیزدهم به عضویت رسمی این پیمان درآمد تا فرصت های بسیار خوبی را به خصوص در حوزه اقتصادی برای کشورمان ایجاد کند.
کشورهای عضو پیمان شانگهای مانند چین ، روسیه و هند که کشورهای بزرگی از نظر جمعیتی و جغرافیایی هستند، بازار بزرگی را از نظر اقتصادی به روی کشور ما باز می کنند و ما می توانیم با این کشورها نفت مبادله کرده و صادرات حوزه غیرنفتی خود را افزایش دهیم و سرمایه گذاری مشترک داشته باشیم و این به نفع کشور ماست.
همچنین کشورهای عضو به دنبال این هستند تا بتوانند اثرات دلار را از اقتصاد خود خارج کنند. همانطور که اتحادیه اروپا نیز با ارز یورو به دنبال این موضوع است.
کشورهای عضو این پیمان نیز می خواهند با ایجاد ارزی مشترک، دلار را از رده خارج کنند و اتحادیه اروپا و امریکا از پیوستن ایران به این پیمان بشدت نگران شدند و آن را پیگیری می کنند و این نشان می دهد عضویت رسمی کشور ما در این پیمان با توجه به اینکه ما تحریم هستیم، به جز تبعات مثبت اقتصادی تبعات سیاسی نیز در بردارد.
وقتی اعضای این پیمان ارزی را هم برای مبادله راه اندازی کنند، دیگر پیوستن و یا نپوستن به FATF اهمیتی ندارد، چون با توافقاتی که کشورهای عضو این پیمان انجام می دهند، می توانند با یکدیگر مبادله کنند؛ بنابراین مشکل خاصی هم بوجود نخواهد آمد و از سوی دیگر مشکلات کشور ما را در زمان تحریم کمتر خواهد کرد.Some of the world's greatest treasures are hidden away and have not been seen publicly for decades, sometimes for centuries. Others have been destroyed. They are not stolen property. They are simply private property, and no matter their public significance, the public has no claims on them. A capricious owner of Leonardo da Vinci's notebook would be perfectly within his rights to throw it in the fireplace, as James Joyce's grandson did with letters from the author's daughter, or Warren Harding's widow did with her husband's Teapot Dome papers. This is a book about such rights and why they are wrong.
Some incidents are famous. A great artist's mural is demolished because the rich man who commissioned it is offended by its political implications. One of America's most famous collections is closed to virtually every notable person in the art world, whose requests for visits produce only a postcard from the owner saying "go to Blazes." Scholars who seek access to the Dead Sea Scrolls, monopolized and secreted by a handful of individuals for nearly forty years, are dismissed as "slime," "fleas," "gang-snatchers," and "manure," and told, "You will not see these things in your lifetime."
Playing Darts with a Rembrandt explores abuses of ownership of cultural treasures in a wide range of settings, including material of historic and scientific interest, as well as art and antiquities. It examines the claims made on behalf of the public for preservation, protection, and access to important artifacts, balancing those claims against proprietary and privacy interests, and discusses the proper role of institutions such as museums and libraries that act as repositories. Acknowledging the complexities that sometimes arise (such as the claims of history against the desire of a great figure's family to withhold private letters), Playing Darts with a Rembrandt proposes a new species of qualified ownership: to own an object of great public importance is to become a "fortunate, if provisional, trustee, having no right to deprive others who value the objects as much as they do themselves."
The fascinating stories that comprise the bulk of the book, ranging from dinosaur excavations and the Dead Sea Scrolls to the fate of presidential papers and the secrets held by the Library of Congress, will be of interest to a wide range of general readers. The extensive discussion of collectors, and their role, should commend the book to those in the art world, as well as to those professionally associated with museums, libraries, and archives. While written in a readable and untechnical way, it should also be of interest to those in the legal community who are interested in the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of our property system.军舰鸟和雨燕都为世界上飞得最快的鸟之一，但各有各的不同。军舰鸟因为捕食原因，所以飞行速度迅速快而准;而雨燕因为长期需要迁徙，所以雨燕的飞行速度和飞行耐力都很强。 世界上飞得最快的鸟，军舰鸟(418公里/小时) 在《阿飞正传》中，有种鸟叫做无极鸟，是...
军舰鸟和雨燕都为世界上飞得最快的鸟之一，但各有各的不同。军舰鸟因为捕食原因，所以飞行速度迅速快而准;而雨燕因为长期需要迁徙，所以雨燕的飞行速度和飞行耐力都很强。世界上飞得最快的鸟，军舰鸟(418公里/小时)
在《阿飞正传》中，有种鸟叫做“无极鸟”，是能够飞越森林的无脚鸟，因为没有脚，没有停歇，没有终点，只有选择飞翔。像飞机就是人类依靠鸟的飞得状态而发明的，虽然世界上飞行最快的飞机远远快于鸟，但飞始终属于鸟的本领。
军舰鸟虽然体重仅1500克左右，但翅展可达2米。世界上飞得最快的鸟飞行时犹如闪电，捕食时的飞行时速最快可达418公里每小时，是世界上飞行最快的鸟。世界上飞得最快的鸟不但能飞达约1200米的高度，又能在空中灵活翻转，而且还能不停的飞往离巢穴1600多公里的地方，最远处可达4000公里左右。
世界上飞得最快的鸟军舰鸟具极细长的翅及长而深的叉形尾，翅展长约可达2.3米，一般雄性成鸟的体羽全黑，雌性成鸟的下部则为明显白色。长的钩状嘴，可以用来攻击其他海鸟，并抢夺其鱼。雄性大军舰鸟的喉囊特征显着，其皮肤呈鲜红色，当缩小变橙色时，预示着已进入繁殖期。此时喉内会吸人大量空气，鼓胀起来如同红色的风帆，鲜艳夺目，并以此炫耀，吸引雌鸟前来交配。
图为军舰鸟军舰鸟被称为“海盗鸟”
白天，世界上飞得最快的鸟军舰鸟几乎总是在空中翱翔的。它们能在高空翻转盘旋，也能飞速地直线俯冲，高超的飞行本领着实令人惊叹。军舰鸟正是凭借这身绝技，在空中袭击那些叼着鱼的其他海鸟。它们常凶猛地冲向目标，使被攻击者吓得惊慌失措，丢下口中的鱼仓惶而逃。这时，军舰鸟马上急冲而下，凌空叼住正在下落的鱼，并马上吞吃下去。所以将世界上飞得最快的鸟称为海盗鸟。长途飞行冠军——尖尾雨燕(352.5公里/小时)
作为世界上飞得最快的鸟之一尖尾雨燕(swift)平时飞行的速度为170千米/小时，最快速度可达352.5千米/小时，即100米/秒。尖尾雨燕是中型空中鸟。它一般呈熏褐色，但在飞行在天空中，似乎变成黑色。有镰刀般的翅膀，羽毛短。另外，雨燕也是长途飞行的冠军。雨燕经常迁徙，所以它们飞行耐力也比一般鸟强，而雨燕秋季迁徙始于七月下旬或八月初举行。
总结：世界上飞得最快的鸟速度达到每小时418公里，速度上甚至超过了世界上最快的电动摩托车LS-218。另外，军舰鸟胸肌发达，善于飞翔，素有“飞行冠军”之称，是极其出色的飞行家，虽然体重仅1500克左右，但翅展可达2米。世界上飞得最快的鸟飞行时犹如闪电，捕食时的飞行时速最快可达418公里每小时，是世界上飞行最快的鸟。世界上最大的鸟
很多人认为鸵鸟不会飞，就不属于鸟类，但其实鸵鸟的确属于鸟类，还是世界上最大的鸟。其实鸟类有很多，但鸵鸟虽然作为世界上最大的鸟，但十分灵活，奔跑得很快，世界上最大的鸟。
鸵鸟为鸵鸟科唯一的物种，是非洲一种体形巨大，不会飞但奔跑得很快的鸟，平均高度：2.5米、最重重量：155千克，一定意义上的世界上最大的鸟。鸵鸟生活在非洲草原上，高可达2.5米，全身有黑白色的羽毛，脖子长而无毛，翼短小，腿长。
奔跑速度快
世界上最大的——鸵鸟头小，宽而扁平，颈长而灵活，裸露的头部、颈部以及腿部通常呈淡粉红色，鸵鸟后肢甚粗大，只有两趾(第Ⅲ、Ⅳ趾)，与一般鸟类有三～四趾不同，是鸟类中趾数最少者，内趾(第Ⅲ趾)较大，具有坚硬的爪，外趾则无爪。后肢强而有力，除用于疾跑外，还可向前踢用以攻击。平时速度达60km/h，最快达72km/h，除了是世界上最大的鸟，鸵鸟也是世界上奔跑速度最快的动物之一。【点击查看《世界上飞得最快的鸟，飞行冠军“军舰鸟”(418公里/小时)》】
主要分布于非洲
作为世界上最大的鸟，鸵鸟分布于伊索匹亚区和非洲区，产于非洲和美洲。世界上最大的鸟——鸵鸟广泛地分布在非洲低降雨量的干燥地区。在新生代第三纪时，鸵鸟曾广泛分布于欧陆，在中国著名的北京人产地──周口店不仅发现过鸵鸟蛋化石，还发现有腿骨化石。近代曾分布于非洲、叙利亚与阿拉伯半岛。二、世界上最大会飞的鸟是信天翁
如果按照鸟类翅膀展开的宽度算，漂泊信天翁是世界上最大的鸟，成年漂泊信天翁在双翅完全张开时的平均宽度为3.15米。据记载，1965年9月18日在塔斯曼海上，美国海军的南极科研船“埃尔塔宁”号的工作人捕获了一只雄性漂泊信天翁，其翼展为3.63米，是已发现的世界上最大会飞的鸟。
作为世界上最大的鸟之一，信天翁是一种巨型海鸟，身长能达1米多，翅膀展开有4米左右，是所有鸟类中翅膀最大的。它们能够长时间在空中滑翔，像乌头淡翕信天翁，飞行10多公里能不拍一下翅膀。漂泊信天
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Bunun için çocuklar ilkokula gelene kadar bazı sorumlulukları üstlenebilmeli ve yapamadıkları zamanlarda ise bununla başa çıkabilmeli… Örneğin, oyuncaklarını toplamamayı tercih ettiği için bir oyuncağının kaybolmasını deneyimlenebilir.
Çocukların daha kolay ödev yapmasını sağlamak için ebeveynler olarak neler yapılabilir?
- Ödev yapmak istememesinin altında yatan nedene odaklanmak oldukça önemlidir. Her çocuk biriciktir ve ihtiyaçları farklı olabilir. Çocuğunuz bir konuda sorun yaşıyorsa bu farklı alanlara da yansıyabilir. Bundan dolayı neden ödev yapmak istemediği üzerine empatik bir konuşma yapın. Örneğin: “Ödevinin keyifsiz ve sıkıcı olduğunu düşündüğün için yapmak istemiyor olabilirsin. Ödev yapmak yerine oyun oynamak istemeni çok iyi anlıyorum. Bazı zamanlar ben de istemediğim işleri yapmak zorunda kalıyorum.”
- Ödev zamanları konusunda çocuğunuza seçenek sunun ve ödev zamanlarını planlama konusundaki tercihi çocuğa bırakın. Örneğin: “Ödevini günün hangi zaman diliminde yapmak istersin? Akşam yemeğinden önce yapabilir, sonrasını oyuna ayırabilirsin ya da akşam yemeğinden sonra yapmayı tercih edebilirsin. İstersen parçalara bölüp akşamına da yayabilirsin.”
- Ödev yapma sürelerini çocuğu sıkmayacak, dikkatini toparlamakta zorlanmayacak şekilde çocuğun ihtiyacına göre ayarlayın. Küçük yaştaki çocuklar dikkatlerini uzun süre boyunca toparlamakta zorluk çekebilirler bundan dolayı ödev yapma sürelerini 20-25 dakika olarak ayarlayabilirsiniz.
- Ebeveynlerin, çocukların karşı koymakta zorlandığı; televizyon, tablet ve telefonla ilgilendiği bir ortamda çocuğun ödev yapmak istememesi oldukça anlaşılabilirdir. Bundan dolayı, çocuğunuz ödev yapma bilincine sahip olana kadar ona ödev zamanlarında eşlik edebilirsiniz. Yanında oturup neler yaptığıyla ilgili destek olabilir, aynı odada oturup kitap okuyabilirsiniz.
- Ödevini yaptırabilmek için kesinlikle tehdit etmeyin. “Seni babana söyleyeceğim! Böyle yaparsan hiçbir şey olamazsın! Ödev yapmadığın için seninle konuşmayacağım!” gibi olumsuz sözlerden uzak durun. Ödev yaptırma uğruna çocuğunuzla aranızdaki bağı zedelemeyin.
- Kıyaslamayın. Çocuğunuzu kardeşiyle, komşunun oğluyla, sınıftaki arkadaşlarıyla kesinlikle kıyaslamayın. “Bak kardeşine gelir gelmez ödevini bitirdi, sen hala oyalanıyorsun!”
- Ne olursa olsun ödevini asla siz yapmayın. Çocuğunuza ödevi konusunda destek olabilirsiniz, anlayamadığı noktalarda yardımcı olabilirsiniz fakat çocuğunuz oyun oynarken öğretmeni kızmasın diye ödevini kesinlikle yapmayın. Ödev yapmamayı tercih ediyorsa sonucunun sorumluluğunu da alabilmelidir.
Unutmayın ki hepimiz zaman zaman bazı sıkıcı ve zor işleri yaparken zorlanıyoruz. Çocuğun da ödev yapmak istememesi oldukça normaldir. Önemli olan çocuğun ihtiyaçlarını fark etmek ve ona göre çözüm üretmektir.مسواک زدن بیش از حد سخت (سخت) یا استفاده از مسواک نامناسب می تواند به دندان ها و لثه ها آسیب برساند و منجر به مشکلاتی مانند سایش مینای دندان و عقب نشینی لثه شود که به نوبه خود می تواند منجر به حساسیت دندان شود.
افرادی که به سختی مسواک می زنند فکر می کنند این تنها راه تمیز و سفیدتر کردن دندان هایشان است. اما این کار معکوس است زیرا نه تنها باعث تحلیل لثه می شود، بلکه مینای سفید و براق روی دندان ها را نیز از بین می برد و باعث می شود آنها زردتر و تیره تر به نظر برسند. دلتا در این مقاله مورد بحث قرار گرفته است نکات صحیح مسواک زدن من پرداخت خواهم کرد.
نکات صحیح مسواک زدن
برای از بین بردن حساسیت دندان و جلوگیری از آسیب به دندان ها و لثه ها، نکات زیر را برای مسواک زدن صحیح رعایت کنید.
- عادات قوی مسواک زدن خود را تغییر دهید.
- از مسواک نرم استفاده کنید.
- هر سه تا چهار ماه یکبار آن را تعویض کنید.
- اندازه و شکل مسواک باید متناسب با دهان باشد تا بتوانید به راحتی به تمام نقاط دسترسی داشته باشید.
- مسواک خود را در زاویه 45 درجه نسبت به لثه ها قرار دهید. به این ترتیب، موهای مسواک می توانند به زیر خط لثه برسند و تمیز شوند.
- برس را به آرامی به جلو و عقب حرکت دهید. برای تمیز کردن سطوح بیرونی، داخلی و جویدنی دندان از حرکات کوتاه و جاروبر استفاده کنید. برای تمیز کردن سطوح داخلی دندان های جلو، مسواک خود را به صورت عمودی کج کنید و از حرکت بالا و پایین استفاده کنید.
اگر از مسواک برقی استفاده می کنید
اگر از مسواک برقی استفاده میکنید، اجازه دهید تمام کار را انجام دهد و بهجای فشار دادن به دندانهایتان، آن را به آرامی روی دندانهایتان بلغزانید. دندان های خود را دو بار در روز به مدت دو دقیقه مسواک بزنید تا از پلاک و پوسیدگی دندان جلوگیری کنید. همچنین استفاده از خمیر دندان حاوی فلوراید برای جلوگیری از پوسیدگی دندان بسیار مهم است.
نکات زیر برای سالم و تمیز نگه داشتن دهان توصیه می شود
- زبان خود را مسواک بزنید تا باکتری ها از بین بروند و نفس خود را تازه کنید.
- روزی یک بار نخ دندان بکشید تا باکتری های حفره بین دندانی که مسواک شما به آن دسترسی ندارد از بین ببرید.
- نوشیدنی ها و تنقلات شیرین را محدود کنید و از یک رژیم غذایی متعادل استفاده کنید.
- برای پیشگیری و درمان بیماری های دهان به طور منظم به دندانپزشک خود مراجعه کنید.花点时间做一些事情。花时间做一些新的事情。你最大的增长飙升将来自双色球在线机选自己。通过尝试一种新型的食物，与陌生人交谈，或观看与您的常态不同的电影来双色球在线机选自己的小方面。你可以通过退出你的工作并为自己开展生意而双色球在线机选自己的大道。
无论你是如何实现的，你会在一贯的基础上双色球在线机选自己而不是阅读你可以找到的自助书来增长更多。当您正在寻找要延伸的东西时，这里有一些要记住的事情。
- 有什么风险？你需要了解失败的影响。如果您打算辞掉工作并开始古董家具店，您需要确保您了解您的财务状况
如果您无法使商店取得成功，会发生什么。有时了解风险将使更容易尝试困难。例如，说你正在寻找报名
对于一个特别具有挑战性的大学班–不是一个学位，但只是一种双色球在线机选自己的方式。如果你认识到你在班上的失败赢了’T对您的工作，您的状态或其他任何东西都有任何影响，冒险冒险更容易，并从结果中学习。
- 做一些新的东西。你想把自己放在你避风港的情况下’之前过。做你更加困难的事情’已经完成了，可以帮助你成长一些，但没有与将自己扔进新的和不熟悉的东西。
- 开始小。专注于做成长的事情–不一定是最大的事情。你可以从把自己放在冒险的新情况下，这是风险很小的，只是为你提供
一个新的视角或观点。您将学习自己，许多小步骤可以与大型人一样有益。
以下是您可以考虑的一些事情，以便双色球在线机选自己和成长。有些人这么小，他们看起来很微不足道。根据你的个性，其中一些人可能是你已经做的事情，在这种情况下，他们可能对你来说可能不是很好的双色球在线机选运动。
- 访问与您经常参加的地方不同的崇拜之家。
- 与通常避免的人交谈。
- 采取不同形式的运输，而不是正常工作。
骑自行车，步行，乘坐出租车，乘坐地铁–just something
与你不同’ve done before.
- 在您拥有兴趣但没有专业知识的主题上担任大学课程。
- 阅读一本关于你一无所知的东西。
- 去一个社交活动，每个人都是你年龄的两倍或一半。
- 访问一个博物馆，你一无所知。
- 参加关于一个新主题的在线讨论。
- 学会玩一场新游戏。
- 比你通常收听的乐曲的音乐会。
- 使用不同的操作系统而不是正常。
- 采取行动，坐着，或呕吐只是为了好玩，看看你是怎么做的。
- 看你不喜欢的运动’t understand.
这些项目都没有特别具有挑战性，但如果它是您的新东西，它将帮助您在许多不同的层面上增长。我们通过做困难和不熟悉的事情来增长。通过努力不断地体验新的和不同的事情，我们可以完善和扩展我们的能力超越普通人。
最初发布于2006年12月7日。Figure 2-1.Department of Defense Hazardous Chemical Warning Label, DD Form 2522 (1C).
called Hazardous Material Control and Management
users on the hazards and precautions of that material.
(HMC&M). This database contains several publica-
tions and a system called the Hazardous Material Infor-
mation System (HMIS). The HMIS provides over
70,000 MSDSs for materials used within the Depart-
ment of Defense.
The MSDS must be available to any user of
hazardous material. CD-ROM systems with the
HMC&M are provided on board every ship and shore
station. The MSDS is used to train hazardous material
1. General information, including an emergency
2. Ingredients and identity information
3. Physical/chemical characteristics
4. Fire and explosion hazard data
5. Health and hazard data, including first aidA new study will investigate a genetic cause for elevated liver enzymes in people with MS who take certain drugs.
Elevated liver enzymes are a regrettably common complication of multiple sclerosis and its treatments. A new study at the University of British Columbia (UBC) is currently enrolling volunteers to see if there’s a genetic predisposition for elevated liver enzymes in people with multiple sclerosis who take disease modifying drugs (DMDs) called beta interferons: Betaseron, Rebif, or Avonex.
All of the DMDs approved to treat MS carry warnings about their potential to cause high levels of an enzyme known as alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
ALT is an enzyme that normally resides inside the liver, playing a vital role in a process called the krebs cycle, a series of chemical reactions by which food is broken down into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. In the case of liver damage, ALT can leak out into the bloodstream. Elevated ALT blood test readings act as a red flag, warning doctors of potential ongoing disease or damage to a patient’s liver.
Many things elevate a person’s liver enzymes. According to the Mayo Clinic, common causes include viral infections, hepatitis, obesity, alcoholism, exposure to toxins, and certain prescription drugs.
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is also on the list of possible causes of liver damage. EBV has been linked to MS, and studies to define this relationship are currently underway.
In a 2006 study, researchers discovered a connection between MS and elevated liver enzymes, even among patients not taking DMDs. It’s a valuable reminder for those with MS to remain vigilant about their liver test results to prevent possible liver damage in its early stages.
In an interview with the National Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada (NMSSCa), Dr. Helen Tremlett, assistant professor at the University of British Columbia and lead researcher on the 2006 study, noted that people with MS need to be extra cautious when taking any medications that could affect their liver function.
Liver damage can be asymptomatic, especially in early stages when it is most treatable. Doctors need to order regular blood work to keep an eye on the ALT levels.
“I would recommend people with MS have their liver tested as a routine part of their care when being treated with drugs known to affect the liver,” Tremlett told NMSSCa. “In addition, people need to inform their doctor immediately if there is any presentation of liver disease symptoms, such as jaundice (yellow skin or yellowing of the whites of the eye), itchy skin, and unexpected fatigue.”
Tremlett is also the researcher in charge of the currently enrolling study at UBC.
Depending on how high your enzyme levels are, a doctor may stop your DMD treatment temporarily to see if your ALT levels return to normal. In these cases, doctors will sometimes switch the patients to other therapies or stop all their pharmaceutical treatments while their livers heal.
Making dietary changes could also be beneficial for improving the health of your liver. Reducing your consumption of fatty foods and increasing the amounts of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products in your diet is ideal. Fiber and lean protein are also part of a liver-healthy diet.
One should avoid foods high in fat—particularly those containing animal fat—and alcohol. Obesity can also be a contributing factor for elevated liver enzymes. In addition to eating a well-balanced diet and getting at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise per day, those who are obese would benefit from consulting their doctor about a long-term weight loss plan.Görüntüler ve gömülü videolar içeren bir makale ekleyin.
Bir resim koleksiyonu
Listeye dayalı bir makale ekle
Youtube veya Vimeo'dan bir video yükleyin veya gömün.
Seslerinizi yükleyin ve çalma listenizi oluşturun.
RÜYA TABİRLERİ
Su: Su biliçaltı benliği sembolize eder. Bu unsur gönülden gelen derin duyguları
ifade eder. Ayrıca hayatın kutsal sularını temsil eder.
Önceki Yazı
Sonraki YazıÇikolatalı Mus pasta
Çikolatalı mus pasta oldukça keyifli saatlerin vazgeçilmez lezzetleri arasında yerini alır. Yapılışı çok kolaydır ve mükemmel bir yaz pastasıdır. Yanında kahve, çay veya soğuk içecek ile ikram edebilirsiniz. Yaş pasta tariflerinde sizler için hazırladık.
İlk olarak yumurtaların sarılarını aklarından ayıralım. Yumurta sarılarını pudra şekeri ile çırpalım. Elenmiş kakao, mısır unu, erimiş çikolata ve 1 yemek kaşığı su ekleyelim. Yumurta aklarını mikserle çırpalım. Kek karışımını azar azar çikolatalı karışıma ekleyelim.
Yeni karışımı yağlı kağıtla kaplanmış 23 cm kelepçeli kalıba yağlayalım. Kenarını yağlı kağıtla çevreleyelim. 15 dakika 180 C ısıtılmış fırında pişirelim. Soğuyan keki kalıbın dibine yerleştirelim. Kahveyi 1 kaşık sıcak suda eritelim. Soğuduktan sonra kremayla kahveyi mikserle çırpalım. Çikolatayı rendeleyelim ve içine ekleyelim. Kahveli karışımı kekin üzerine dökelim. Pastayı buzdolabına kaldıralım ve 3 saat bekletelim. Kakao ile süsleyip servise sunalım. Afiyet olsun.
MALZEMELER
6 adet yumurta
1 su bardağı pudra şekeri
3 yemek kaşığı kakao
3 yemek kaşığı mısır unu
150 gr. erimiş bitter çikolata
1 yemek kaşığı grandi kahve
yarım su bardağı krema
450 gr. bitter çikolata
2 tatlı kaşığı kakaoZodiacal light—the faint white glow that stretches across the darkest skies, tracing the same path the sun takes—has mystified scientists for centuries. They've known that it is sunlight reflected from a disk of dust spanning the inner solar system from Mercury to Jupiter. They just didn’t know where the dust came from—until now.
Every day, Earth sweeps up about 140 tons of cosmic dust. The particles are mostly 100 micrometers to 200 micrometers in size and made of silicate minerals. Most burn up in the atmosphere, although some survive and end up in micrometeorite collections. To figure out how this dust behaves in the inner solar system, planetary dynamicist David Nesvorný of Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado, and five colleagues set up a computer model. In addition to being subject to the tug of planetary gravity, microscopic particles orbiting the sun are pushed outward by the pressure of sunlight, dragged inward by their own radiative emissions, and worn down by collisions with other particles. Nesvorný and his colleagues followed particles released in their model from various types of comets or from asteroids and compared the particles’ fates with observations of the zodiacal dust cloud.
Previous studies had suggested that much of the zodiacal light came from the dust of colliding asteroids, but the only way this model could reproduce the great breadth of the zodiacal cloud above and below the plane of the planets was to have the dust come from the comets that orbit in the vicinity of Jupiter’s orbit. Those comets already range much farther from the plane of the planets than asteroids do, and Jupiter’s gravitational effects would drive their dust even farther afield. To make the modeled zodiacal cloud as dense as the real one, the dust had to come from comets falling apart, not just those shedding dust near the sun, the team reports in the 20 April issue of The Astrophysical Journal.
The new modeling has “produced a detailed and convincing case that [90% of] interplanetary dust particles and the hundreds of particles that are now curated on Earth originate from Jupiter family comets,” writes planetary scientist Stanley Dermott of the University of Florida, Gainesville, in an e-mail. Comets throw up the dust veil that creates the zodiacal light, and they supply most of the micrometeorites studied on Earth. Massive numbers of comets may even produce the bright debris disks seen around other stars. Now if only light-polluted skies didn’t deny most people a view of comets’ death glow.Research is an important aspect of an undergraduate education in physics and astronomy.
Second Class physics majors are required to take two one-hour courses during which they have the opportunity to work with faculty on an independent research project. At the end of the semester, the project is documented in detail and presented orally
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Bilgisayarınız otomatik olarak keşfedilecektir.
ÖZELLİKLER
- yerel ağdaki mevcut bilgisayarları otomatik olarak bulur
- uzak ağdaki bilgisayara manuel olarak bağlanın
- tüm popüler masaüstü işletim sistemlerinde çalışır
- hafif protokol, tıkladığınızda herhangi bir gecikme olmamasını sağlar
- fare tıklama desteğiyle videoları oynatın (uzaktan izleme paneli)
- fare ile önemli şeylerin üzerine gelin (uzaktan izleme paneli)
- uzaktan ses kontrolü (sesli ve görüntülü sunumlar)
- slaytların önizlemesi
- konuşmacı notları
- Sunumları kontrol etmek için S Pen kullanın (Bluetooth destekli S Pen 2018 veya daha yenisini gerektirir)
- ve kullandığınız sunum yazılımı tarafından desteklenen ek eylemler
SORULAR
Herhangi bir sorunuz varsa veya herhangi bir sorunla karşılaşırsanız, lütfen geliştirici e-postasına yazmaktan çekinmeyin.
GERİ BİLDİRİM
Görüşleriniz, her güncellemede uygulamayı geliştirmemize yardımcı olan şeydir. Bu nedenle, uygulama hakkındaki düşüncelerinizi burada veya e-posta yoluyla bizimle paylaşmanızı rica ederiz.
En son sürümde yeni olan 2.6.7
Last updated on Jul 28, 2022
- Support for Android 12
- Bug fixesAl-Mangoush condanna l’offensiva russa in Ucraina
La ministra degli Affari esteri e della cooperazione internazionale nel Governo libico di Unità Nazionale, Najla Al-Manqoush, ha condannato l’offensiva militare lanciata dalla Russia in Ucraina. Ha affermato che l’attacco rappresenta una violazione del diritto internazionale, ribadendo l’appello alla “calma e ritirata,” sulla scia delle dichiarazioni rilasciate in queste ore da Europa e Stati Uniti.
Il presidente russo Vladimir Putin ha annunciato, nelle prime ore di questa mattina, l’inizio di un’operazione militare speciale in Ucraina, seguita dal bombardamento di siti strategici, difese e basi aeree sul territorio ucraino, secondo quanto riferito dall’esercito russo.
Mentre le autorità di Kiev hanno confermato che il bombardamento ha colpito i civili, hanno anche indicato che le loro forze hanno abbattuto cinque aerei e un elicottero russo, parlando di un’invasione del paese da più fronti da parte del Cremlino.
In questo contesto, l’ambasciata libica in Ucraina ha invitato i suoi cittadini a prestare attenzione ea non lasciare le case se non strettamente necessario fino a quando la situazione non sarà chiara. Ha inoltre consigliato a coloro che si trovano in aree di tensione a trasferirsi in aree più sicure. I media locali hanno diffuso le immagini di chilometri di code sulle principali arterie utilizzate da civili in fuga dalla capitale Kiev.Picture Credit: Daan Verhoeven (www.daanverhoeven.com)
The British Freediving Association (BFA) is saddened by the news 23 times World Champion freediver Natalia Molchanova was reported missing after diving on Sunday August 2nd off the island of Formentera near Ibiza. Natalia was diving recreationally for fun with friends to depths of 30-40m without fins, a relatively shallow depth for someone of her accomplishments, when she failed to surface. Search efforts are ongoing but Natalia has yet to be found in a region known to have deep water currents. When Natalia was diving on Sunday, she was diving recreationally in the sea which is the same activity enjoyed by many recreational free divers and snorkelers in the ocean to much shallower depths.
During training and competition, Natalia always dived on a line with a safety lanyard which is the system all trained freedivers use to avoid unnecessary dangers. Being attached to a line allows the divers safety freedivers to react immediately should a diver ever have any problem during a dive. Natalia was a great teacher of freediving as well as a great athlete and would have taught this system to her hundreds of students many times.
The sport of freediving has strict safety protocols in place which are developed by the sports main organisation AIDA International www.aidainternational.org and used in competition. Safe diving practises are also taught to all students when they enrol on a course with a properly qualified freediving Instructor, making the sport a surprisingly safe pastime despite its media image as an extreme sport. Freedivers combine careful training, slow progression and a combination of athleticism and meditative techniques to allow them to make their dives.
Natalia is much loved and respected within the International freediving community as a gracious Champion and exceptional person and her loss will be hard for the community to come to terms with. She has broken 41 World records and won 23 Gold medals in World Championships making her the most accomplished freediving athlete in history. The first female athlete to break the 100m barrier with a dive to 101m during the 2013 depth World Championships, she set yet another world record with a dive to 71m in the no fins discipline in May in Egypt at the age of 53.
Natalia is the president of the Russian Freediving Federation and has developed many training programs for teaching freediving safely around the world. She is the author of scientific articles about freediving, and she has written poetry on the subject. She was known by her peers as being a remarkable athlete and intensely competitive, whilst remaining accessible to everyone, and always being generous with help and advice.
Natalia had an intense love of the sea and the sport of Freediving, and devoted her life to doing the thing she loved. Our condolences go to Natalia’s son and training partner Alexey, and to all of her family and friends at this time.
Thankfully tragedies such as this are rare in free diving, but never freedive alone and always seek training from a qualified instructor.La First Lady, fresca fresca di nuovo insediamento, si è concessa un nuovo look per affrontare i prossimi quattro anni alla Casa Bianca. Ma da chi avrà preso ispirazione? Da qualche icona di stile ed eleganza degli ultimi anni? Da qualche raffinata first lady del passato? Da qualche discreta ma fascinosa diva del red carpet? O dalla peggior buzzicona tamarra degli anni Duemila? La risposta qui sotto.PD-ROM 1.2: PEMDAS with Unlike Fractions (Mr. Regus)
Students warm up for the activity by solving brain teasers. They add and subtract unlike fractions on white boards. They transfer class notes into math journals and write a summary of the instructional activity.
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5th - 9th Math CCSS: Designed
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Study Jams! Order of Operations
Please excuse my dear Aunt Sally! Sort of like an animated slide show, this lesson walks fifth graders through the order of operations. Also included are a sing-along karaoke video, key vocabulary with definitions, and a seven-question...
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Evaluate a Numerical Expression Using Order of Operations
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7 mins 5th - 7th Math CCSS: DesignedKamuoyunda yeni af paketi olarak bilinen
"Ceza ve Güvenlik Tedbirlerinin İnfazı Hakkında Kanun ile Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun"
14/04/2020 tarihinde TBMM'de kabul edildi.
Her ne kadar bir af paketi olarak adlandırılsa da toplamda 69 maddeden oluşan kanun,
11 farklı kanunda değişiklik öngörmektedir. İnfaz düzenlemeleri dışında da bazı değişiklikler getirilmiştir.
İNFAZ PAKETİ "GENEL AF" ANLAMINA GELMİYOR
Aksine Bazı suçlar Yönünde Ceza miktarları artırılıyor.Arkeologlar, Sibirya’da ortaya çıkarılan ve antik dönemden kalan mezarın yaklaşık 2.500 yaşında olduğunu tahmin ediyor.
Mezarda orta yaşlı kadın ve erkek, yaşlı bir kadın ve yeni doğmuş bir bebek bulundu.
Mezarda bulunan insanların Sibirya’da yaşamış Demir Çağı toplumlarından olan Tagar kültürüne mensup olduğu ve gömülürken yanlarına silahlarını da almış olmalarından dolayı savaşçı oldukları düşünülüyor.
Çok sayıda silahla gömüldüler.
Erken Demir Çağı’na ait olduğu düşünülen mezarda kadın bir savaşçının yanısıra 60 yaşında olduğu tahmin edilen başka bir kadın iskeletiyle birlikte, yeni doğmuş bir bebek iskeleti de bulundu.
Bu kişiler arasında bir akrabalık olup olmadığı ise DNA analiziyle ortaya çıkacak. Rusya Bilimler Akademisi’ne göre mezarda ayrıca bronz aynalar ve hayvan boynuzundan yapılmış bir tarak da bulundu.
Mezar, Güney Sibirya’da bir demiryolu inşaatı sırasında bulundu.
Mezardaki insanların nasıl öldüğü net değil; ancak uzmanlar ölüm nedeninin bir hastalık olabileceğini düşünüyor.
Mezar, Sibirya’daki Hakasya’nın güneyindeki demiryolu çalışması için yapılan kazılar sırasında ortaya çıkarıldı. Arkeologlar, çoğu Tagar mezarının yağmalandığını ve bu nedenle keşfin önemli olduğunu söylüyor.
Antropolog Olga Batanina ise bulunan mezarla ilgili “Yan yana yatan kadın ve erkeğin yaklaşık 35 ve 45 yaşında olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Ayaklarının ucundaki kadınsa 60 yaşında veya daha büyük. Mezardaki bebek ise yaklaşık olarak bir aylık. Ancak muhtemelen kemirgen faaliyetleri nedeniyle iskeletler mezara dağılmış halde” dedi.
Tagar kültürünün M.Ö 8. yüzyıldan M.Ö 3. yüzyıla kadar, yaklaşık 500 sene yaşadığı tahmin ediliyor. Bu kültür hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinmek içinse mezar alanı arkeologlar ve bilim insanları tarafından analiz edilecek.
ANASAYFAYA DÖNMEK İÇİN TIKLAYINIZClick on the photo to enlarge and project onto screen.
Listed below are several questions that you could put on a handout (pick the ones you like). Have students look at the diagram as homework (or at the start of class as a bell-ringer). Then use the questions to guide a classroom discussion, randomly calling on students for their responses. It is an effective way to get students to think about how their lifestyles are related to carbon dioxide emissions. The diagram (called a "Mind Map") was provided by www.live-the-solution.com.
Take a careful and thoughtful look at the diagram. On your handout (or on your own sheet of paper) complete the following tasks. You will hand your paper in and you will be expected to discuss the diagram in class.
1. New Title: If it were up to you, what title would you give to the diagram?
2. Questions:Write out three good questions that you have about parts of the diagram. The answers to your questions should not be found on the diagram, and the answers cannot be a simple fact.
3. Reaction: What is your reaction to specific things shown on the diagram, or what do you think would be the reaction of others to specific things on the diagram? List three reactions to specific things on the diagram.
4. Conservation: Education, laws, innovations, and incentives are some of the ways that we can get people to do the things on the diagram. List one of the things on the diagram that would go in the "innovations" category.
5. Laws (or taxes) can also cause conservation. Pick an item on the diagram and write a law that would make people adopt this practice.
6. Pick an item on the diagram and write a government (city, county, state, federal) incentive that would make people want to do it.
7. Pick an item that education might help to promote.
8. What is it about the diagram most surprised you?
9. Generally speaking, what are some reasons people don't do more of the things on the diagram? Be prepared to discuss these in class!Richiedi informazioni
Lo sminuzzamento finissimo dell’erba fa si che essa si depositi nel fondo del tappeto erboso anziché depositarla semplicemente nel prato. Questo sistema funziona benissimo se abbiamo uno scarto di taglio di 1/2 cm e su superfici di taglio molto estese. In definitiva con il sistema di taglio mulching, si abbattono i tempi morti dello svuotamento del cestello di raccolta e di smaltimento dei residui.سابق مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن مشاور امنیت ملی جان بولتون نشان داد در مصاحبه با ABC پخش اخبار یکشنبه که قدرتمند ترین فرد در کاخ سفید بود Jared کوشنر رئیس جمهور در قانون است.
“در کنار رئیس جمهور برگزار شد که بیشترین قدرت در کاخ سفید؟” ABC News’ مارتا Raddatz خواسته بولتون.
“آن متنوع از زمان به زمان” بولتون پاسخ داد. “و زخمی در پاسخ به این سوال است . . . است Jared کوشنر.”
بولتون می گوید که به اعتقاد او کوشنر بود “شایسته ترین فرد” برای شغل در نمونه کارها خود را که شامل مرز دیوار عدالت کیفری اصلاحات یک صلح خاورمیانه معامله مواد مخدر بیماری همه گیر تجارت با مکزیک و همچنین بهداشت عمومی و اقتصادی پاسخ به coronavirus بیماری همه گیر.
شوهر از اولین دختر Ivanka Trump نیز منجر کاخ سفید دست از رئیس جمهور دوباره انتخابات. پس از روز شنبه را بد با حضور در تجمع در اوکلاهما نیویورک تایمز گزارش می دهد که “او را در میان کسانی که رئیس جمهور نوبت به کشف کردن آنچه در تظاهرات شبیه رفتن به جلو است.”
کوشنر گفت: “عصبانی” در مدیر کمپین براد Parscale بیش از هزار نفر از صندلی های خالی در آنچه قرار بود مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن “باز گشت” پس از هفته بدون یک رالی با توجه به کروناویروس محدودیت. معلوم نیست اگر او گرفته اند ممکن است کمر از Parscale حداقل به طور موقت.
کوشنر مدارک برای سرب در کاخ سفید کار به طور خلاصه عبارتند از در حال اجرا یک روزنامه در صدها میلیون دلار در املاک و مستغلات بدهی و دانستن رئیس جمهور نیز پس از ازدواج با او دختر بزرگتر. زن و شوهر و قدرت ساخته شده در شمال 100 میلیون دلار در طول زمان خود را در کاخ سفید است.
در این مصاحبه بولتون بعد اضافه شده است که اگر مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن بودند دوباره انتخاب “اعضای خانواده” — به طور خاص جارد و Ivanka — خواهد به او بگویید به دادگاه عالی صندلی به یک لیبرال عدالت است.
“اما اجازه دهید تصور کنید که او را دوباره انتخاب و عضو لیبرال طرف دیوان عالی کشور برگ” بولتون گفت. “من می توانم تصور کنید که مشاوران او در حال حاضر گفت:” شما می دانید که شما نامزد دو فوق العاده محافظه کار قضات در دوره اول. در حال حاضر فکر می کنم از میراث خود را. فکر می کنم تعادل دیوان عالی کشور است. معرفی به همان اندازه صالح لیبرال قضات در دوره دوم به طوری که شما را ترک تعادل دادگاه به عنوان آن بود زمانی که شما در آمد — چه میراثی است که خواهد بود.'”
بولتون نیست فشار به عقب زمانی که Raddatz حدس زده است که “اعضای خانواده” به معنای جارد و Ivanka.
در طول هفته گذشته بولتون جدید کاخ سفید خاطرات “از اتاق که در آن اتفاق افتاده است” را تحت عناوین به عنوان برگ برنده دولت به دنبال پوزه انتشار در میان متعدد به بیرون درز گزیده ای از شرم آور و متهم مواد در مطبوعات.
پس از اختلاف بر آب و هوا از کار اخراج شد یا استعفا داد و آن را هیچ جای تعجب است که بولتون است استخوان را انتخاب کنید با تهمت و رئیس جمهور منتقدان را با خوشحالی برداشت خاطرات او به عنوان توصیف کسی خطرناکی نا مناسب و ضرب به خطر بیافتد توسط خود علاقه. اما دولت سابق بالا امنیت ملی رسمی — معروف متکبر سیاست خارجی مداخله و neconservative جنگ شاهین که چند نفر از دوستان در واشنگتن — نیز در می یابد خود را در یک سیاسی جزیره رد نه تنها کاخ سفید بلکه توسط دموکرات ها که به نام او کرده است به عنوان بی ثبات و بیش از حد ضعیف به رئیس جمهور.
“من فکر می کنم راه خانه طرفداران استیضاح اقدام شد به شدت اشتباه” بولتون گفت Raddatz در روز یکشنبه. “من فکر می کنم آن را استیضاح قصور.”
او اضافه کرد که دموکرات کنگره شد “تقریبا به عنوان بد” به عنوان مغ
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contraindicated, at times, for a wide assortment of reasons. Neither pregnant mothers nor infants should fast longer than absolutely necessary. People on steroids and other prescription drugs must be very careful if they choose to fast, and they should do so only with guidance from a trained fasting professional. Insulin-dependent diabetics rarely fast successfully. Listing the many possible contraindications is almost pointless, as almost every rule has exceptions, and each faster must be handled on an individual basis. No two fasts are the same, not even for the same person. Check with a qualified fasting professional to see if you are a candidate for a fast, or whether fasting might not be a good idea for you.
If, after a fast, a person knows no more than he or she did before the fast, reverting to the lifestyle that necessitated the fast in the first place is almost inevitable. Though unfortunately quite common, such an experience can be worse than pointless; it can be pointlessly dangerous. While going through a fast, it is impossible to accurately assess your own physical condition, as blood-chemistry changes during a fast cloud decision-making ability. Without the benefit of the practiced eye of someone with sufficient medical background and specific training to recognize when you are entering dangerous ground, it is all too easy to go "over the edge."
There is more to good supervision, however, than simple safety. Education is vitally important for influencing behavior, and a well-supervised fast includes daily personal and group education about all aspects of healthful living. Just as top athletes use coaches, businessmen use consultants, and mountain climbers use guides, it is simply smart to take advantage of the experience and foresight provided by a good fasting supervisor. He or she can create an atmosphere of peace and calm, provide for all creature comforts, answer questions as they arise, and ensure that both the fast and the recovery period go smoothly.
Without benefit of a supervisor, roughly 90% of all fasts end prematurely, often during the first few days, simply because of runaway fear. Fear halts more fasts before their time than all other factors combined. Even with supervision, fear is ever-present. It takes a lot of training, as much experience, and excellent communication skills to be able to smooth the road for a successful fast and keep fear from adversely influencing the faster.
Surprisingly, after the fast ends, the value of the fasting supervisor increases even more dramatically. The supervisor must choose which foods are appropriate and how much and how often to serve those foods, and must truly cater to the faster, who at this time can be extremely needy and full of questions. Guidance with exercise, rest, and all aspects of lifestyle are critical at this time, and the rules change daily. Each day of recovering from a fast is different from the last, and custom guidance is essential to ensure that the recovery process does not take a turn for the worse.
The real trick in fasting is to learn to live life in such a way that frequent fasting is not required. I do not recommend undertaking long fasts frequently. Initially, once a year is enough for most people, unless they are attempting to undertake a linked series of fasts for specific health reasons. After a few years, when (hopefully) combined with truly healthful living in between the fasts, fasting can become almost totally unnecessary. Remember, even if you take a moderate to long fast once a year, the ratio of fasting days to nonfasting days still runs at least 10:1. Live cleanly in between your fasts, and you will minimize the need for fasting.
A tropical paradise, the absence of manmade sounds, comfortable temperatures, sunny and pleasant weather conditions, a clean environment, supportive people, educational guidance, the luxury of ample recovery time, and large doses of peace combine to give you the "being taken care of" feeling that makes for the idyllic fasting experience.Music Therapy Success Stories: Helping a Girl Memorize Her Address
Music can help kids memorize more than just the ABC’s. In this case, music therapy helped a girl with a seizure disorder learn her address in a fraction of the time it took without music.
Several years ago I worked with a teenage girl with a seizure disorder and developmental delays. I provided music therapy groups for her class 2x/week and I absolutely adored her (along with all of her peers!). She had a personality the size of the moon, loved music, and stopped by my room often to wave hello.
She knew what she wanted and did whatever she could to get it–even if what she wanted was to sit in the middle of the hall instead of walking to class.
She had many challenges, one of which was her ability to retain information. Her teachers worked diligently to teach her academic concepts, social skills, and life skills, but because of her developmental delays she needed repeated lessons and instructions and continued patience to understand concepts.
This was especially true when her parents asked her teacher to help her memorize her home address.
Her teacher worked with her diligently, sitting and repeating the address for her in pieces, asking her to repeat it back, and hoping it would stick.
It took 2 years.
And then she moved.
Flustered, her teacher approached me one afternoon and told me about her seemingly wasted efforts to help this dear student commit her address to memory. She asked if I could do something with music therapy to help her.
So I got her new address, put it to the tune of “BINGO”, and arranged to keep her in the music therapy room for 10 minutes once a week after her class had music therapy.
When I worked with her, I would first sing through the entire song, sometimes more than once, to help her become familiar with it. I then sang only one line several times in a row, and then left off the last word in the phrase and encouraged her to fill in the blank. Once she got the hang of that I would leave off more and more of the phrase and help her when needed.
It seemed ineffective at times, especially when she would fill in every blank one time through, then forget all of them less than a minute later. But we persisted, and she improved little by little until one day she was able to sing the entire address to me by herself.
It took 11 weeks.
Not only did the song help her learn her address faster, but it became a source of pride for her. Because she struggled to retain information in most settings, this became one of the only pieces of information that she could consistently remember.
It even helped with encouraging her to get up when she decided to sit down in the hall–I’d walk by and say “can you sing me your address?” and she’d smile and start to sing. As she did, I’d take her hand and help her up while we sang together. She was proud of what she remembered, and even a year later it was still there.
Music has an incredible power to facilitate learning. Facilitate, of course, means “to make easy”. It helps us commit information to memory, and is stored more concretely in our brain that simple spoken language. That’s why those with Alzheimer’s and Dementia are often able to sing song lyrics even when they are no longer to carry on a conversation.
Music just sticks.
It therefore makes sense to include music therapy in special education settings, where a music therapist is able to design music programs to teach students needed information in a way that will last.
Because when it’s put to a song, kids will remember.
If you want to see what music therapy can do for you or your students, schedule a free trial session to see how it works. We’d love to see you!Meaningful Literacy Activities to Celebrate Earth Day
(Image by qimono from Pixabay)
Earth Day is April 22nd. Help kids make a positive impact on the planet with these fun and meaningful Earth Day literacy activities.
Pre-K and K:
Read a book and plant a tree:
Read a book like
by Dr. Seuss or The Giving Tree by Shel Silverstein. Discuss the importance of trees. Visit a nursery together, read about the different types of trees and plant a tree in your yard.
Make a poster: Draw a large circle to represent the Earth. Inside the circle, draw pictures of all the things you are thankful for that the Earth provides. Have an adult help you label each of your pictures using beginning, middle and end spelling.
Trash sort: Write uppercase and lowercase letters on pieces of paper and crumble them up to create trash Spread the trash around the room. Label a paper grocery bag with uppercase A and another one with lowercase a. Pick up the trash, name the letter on the paper and sort it to the correct bag. When the game is finished, make sure to recycle the paper.
1st and 2nd
Earth Day Reminders: Read How to Help the Earth - by the Lorax (Dr. Seuss) (Step Into Reading) by Tish Rabe. Brainstorm a list of ways to help the Earth and make signs to put around the house such as Turn off the lights or Take shorter showers.
Scavenger Hunt: Make a checklist of items to look for outside such as a yellow flower, a flat rock, a pinecone, an acorn, or a dandelion. You can also include human trash items such as aluminum cans or plastic bags that can be recycled.
Gratitude Jar: For one week (starting on Earth Day), start a Gratitude Jar. To highlight the simplicity of reusing objects, use an old jar like a Mason Jar that you might have thrown out and scraps of paper. Each day, use the scrap paper to write at least one thing you are grateful for that the Earth provides. On the other side, write a way to help protect that gift. For example, “I am thankful for the bees that help pollinate the flowers” and “I can plant flowers so that the bees have food.” You may find that the Gratitude jar is a tradition you’d like to continue throughout the year - it doesn't have to be limited to Earth Day week!
3rd and Up:
Adopt an Animal: Visit your local library or read a book together like Critically Endangered Animals: What Are They? Animal Books for Kids | Children's Animal Books by Baby Professor. Pick an animal to virtually adopt. Use websites like www.worldwiildlife.org or www.sierraclub.org to read about and research your animal.
Write a Letter: Pick an issue that is important to you and impacts your local community and research it. For example, if you live near the ocean, you might want to learn about the way trash and plastics impact life in the ocean. Write a letter to your local politician telling them the importance of your specific cause.
Write a Poem: April is National Poetry Month so use this opportunity to write a poem about Earth Day. For example, you could write an Acrostic Poem using the word Earth (each line would begin with one of the letters in the Earth).
Every animal is important and should be protected
All of us have a responsibility to care for our world
Recycle what you can, reuse plastic bags, reduce your carbon footprint
Together we can make a difference
How can you help protect the environment today?
Use these activities to teach your children about the beauty of our Earth and the importance of protecting it for future generations. Every day should be Earth Day!Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB) are a sustainable construction option, using high pressure to create bricks from local soil and clay with only a tiny amount of cement. CEB eliminates the energy and pollution produced in the creation of bricks and cement blocks. In many areas CEB homes can replace wooden structures that are adding to the depletion of the world’s forests. Earth blocks are cheaper, greener and far more durable than concrete blocks or mud bricks. The stabilized blocks don’t melt in the rain so rebuilding isn’t necessary.
Key components of this training include mixing ratios, the use of a compressed earth block machine to make bricks, and designing and constructing a naturally well-insulated and efficient earth block building.
Where: Red Cloud Renewable Energy Center, Pine Ridge, South Dakota
When: October 18-26, 2013
You must complete a registration form or scholarship application to be considered for this training.
We are honored to be able to offer three scholarships to female students for this training.Natural Stone and Sustainability
Natural Stone and Sustainability
The most significant and exciting development in the construction industry over the past few decades has been green, sustainable building. In 1998, the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)—the nation’s leading coalition on sustainable building—established the LEED® Green Building Rating System™. LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environment Design) is the most widely used rating system for green building. This system defines standards for environmentally responsible, healthier, and more profitable structures, and awards points to new construction and major renovation projects in five categories:
- Sustainable Sites
- Water Efficiency
- Energy & Atmosphere
- Materials & Resources
LEED v4 will take a more holistic approach to defining a green building material with a particular focus on lifecycle impacts in addition to supply chain management, taking the program’s scope one step deeper into the manufacturing process. This change is expected to influence the information designers and architects are requesting from manufacturers.
Architects are requiring more rigorous information from manufacturers, by requesting them to collect information outside their localized manufacturing process.
In the past—self-declared recycled content and bare-bones regional declarations were enough to meet credit requirements. Now, green building programs like LEED and the International Living Future’s Living Building Challenge are redefining what makes a material sustainable. Less emphasis is being put on the product’s individual attributes. This is a sweet spot for the stone industry and our materials.
Why Build Green?
Constructing buildings in an environmentally-considerate way requires careful thought and planning. However, the payback from a green building far outweighs this price. Conventional building practices consume large quantities of energy and water, while generating excessive air emissions and waste streams; these impacts are also caused by product manufacturing. Moreover, indoor air quality can be impaired when unhealthy building materials are employed.
Implementing green building techniques reduces impacts on the environment and human health during both construction and operation of a structure, as well as during production of building materials. If this harm is not reason enough to build responsibly, consider the financial aspect. Resource consumption and medical care can become expensive for the builder, the material manufacturer, and the employer of those working in the structure.
The Natural Stone Industry’s Sustainability Standard
After many years, and a great investment of time and resources, the natural stone industry is able to tell the world about its sustainability standard. This standard will assure architects, landscape architects, designers, contractors, owners and others that there is verifiable data to compare natural stone with other competitive products in this rapidly changing green building environment.
The purpose of the Sustainability Assessment for Natural Dimension Stone is to recognize sustainability practices in the natural stone industry – practices many members already follow but don’t document or promote. This voluntary standard will eventually give quarries and primary processing plants the ability to certify their operations (and subsequently their stones) as sustainable. Third party verification of conformance to a set of well-defined environmental, ecological, social responsibility and human health metrics will be required. To date, the stone industry has not been able to compete on a level playing field with other industries that already have a standard like this in place such as wood, tile and carpet.
In collaboration with the Natural Stone Council and Ecoform, NSF International (NSF) convened a Standards Committee for development of an American National Standard for the sustainable development aspects of dimensional stone production. The Standards Committee reviewed Public Comments for action in accordance with accepted ANSI criteria. Designated as NSC 373, the Standard is intended to offer the following benefits to the stone industry:
- Establish a set of well-defined environmental and human health metrics recognized by the green building movement as an indicator of leadership sustainability performance.
- Provide an important opportunity to educate key members of the green building movement, government, and environmental advocacy groups about the production of stone products.
- Create a mechanism that rewards natural stone companies that demonstrate environmental leadership through commitment to sustainable operations and continued innovation.
- Proactively address potential stone-related environmental and human health concerns in a multi-stakeholder, science based forum (i.e. radon, dust, etc.).
- Harmonize national and international environmental requirements for stone quarrying and production.
- Encourage transparent chain of custody reporting in support of LEED credits.
- Create parity between stone and other competitive products covered by existing certification programs.
This Standard defines Environmentally Preferable Manufacturing Practices (EPMP’s) for the quarrying and manufacture of dimensional stone products, and establishes baseline requirements for EPMP’s applicable to all stone manufacturers and processors. Specifically, the standard defines criteria that consider the social, environmental, and human health impacts associated with the dimensional, natural stone product life-cycle including but not limited to the quarrying and manufacturing life-cycle stages. Because stone is quarried in countries around the world, the scope of the standard includes both North American and International quarries and processing facilities, and considers logistics and transportation issues during criteria development. The standard will assist in the determination of whether a dimensional stone product has been produced and transported in an environmentally preferable manner consistent with the principles of sustainability.
The standard focuses on North American based stone products and operations, but is developed with the participation and cooperation of the international stone community and is the basis for expanding to a proposed international-based ISO certification. Criteria define both environmentally preferable products and stone production operations.
We can especially do our part to contribute to responsible building by providing materials that have been quarried and processed in an environmentally-conscious manner. Further, we are exploring the implications of natural stone application during the use phase and beyond, particularly with regard to durability, solar reflectance, and salvage and reuse. This work addresses the entire life-cycle of natural stone, substantiating on a holistic level the position of natural stone as a green building material.
Implementing Best Practices
Water Consumption, Treatment, and Reuse
Water management is integral to achieving sustainable practices and is increasingly becoming a high priority in any industry. This is due to new and existing water resources becoming more scarce in many regions throughout the world; per capita water consumption is increasing annually; water and sewer rates have increased significantly over the last decade (100-400%); and new water supply options are too costly or even unavailable. There is also the growing recognition of the water, energy, and operations and maintenance savings that can be realized through the implementation of water saving strategies. Read Best Practice: Water Consumption
Site Maintenance and Quarry Closure
Extracting stone can be an arduous endeavor that affects the local ecosystem and community on a number of levels. Not unlike any development (commercial, residential, government, etc.), quarry operations can greatly modify landscape and topography, can impact wildlife populations, and require supplemental quantities of water and energy. Additionally, potential occupational health and safety risks may exist for quarry employees, and local residents may experience noise and vibrations. Responsible site maintenance, however, can make a remarkable difference in the magnitude of these impacts. Read Best Practice: Site Maintenance and Quarry Closure
Solid Waste Management
Solid waste management is a fundamental component to any manufacturing or production enterprise. The natural stone industry is unique in that the majority of its solid waste stream is its raw material. It is estimated that 175 million tons of quarrying waste are produced each year,1 and although a portion of this waste may be utilized on-site, such as for excavation pit refill or berm construction, it is often difficult to find a use for
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while speaking has been found to reduce the speaker's cognitive burden and increase working memory. Since listeners with more working memory are good at excluding irrelevant material, gesturing while speaking might help children focus on relevant information and thus lead to better learning. To explore the effect that producing gesture has on working memory, Studies 7-9 manipulate the gestures that children produce when explaining a task and (using a dual-task paradigm) ask whether children expend less effort when gesturing while speaking that when not gesturing. To explore the effect that observing gesture has on working memory, Studies 10-12 manipulate the gestures that children see during someone else's explanation and (again using a dual-task paradigm) ask whether children expend less effort processing explanations that contain gesture than processing explanations that do not contain gesture. To achieve these two aims, children ages 6 to 10 years will participate in a math or conservation problem-solving task and their spoken and gestured responses will be videotaped and later analyzed. Gesture may prove to be a particularly effective tool to use in instructing or assessing children whose language is developing normally, as well as those who have difficulties producing and comprehending speech. ? ?
|Wakefield, Elizabeth; Novack, Miriam A; Congdon, Eliza L et al. (2018) Gesture helps learners learn, but not merely by guiding their visual attention. Dev Sci 21:e12664|
|Wakefield, Elizabeth M; Novack, Miriam A; Goldin-Meadow, Susan (2018) Unpacking the Ontogeny of Gesture Understanding: How Movement Becomes Meaningful Across Development. Child Dev 89:e245-e260|
|Novack, Miriam A; Filippi, Courtney A; Goldin-Meadow, Susan et al. (2018) Actions speak louder than gestures when you are 2 years old. Dev Psychol 54:1809-1821|
|Gibson, Dominic J; Gunderson, Elizabeth A; Spaepen, Elizabet et al. (2018) Number gestures predict learning of number words. Dev Sci :e12791|
|Congdon, Eliza L; Novack, Miriam A; Brooks, Neon et al. (2017) Better together: Simultaneous presentation of speech and gesture in math instruction supports generalization and retention. Learn Instr 50:65-74|
|Novack, Miriam A; Goldin-Meadow, Susan (2017) Gesture as representational action: A paper about function. Psychon Bull Rev 24:652-665|
|Goldin-Meadow, Susan; Brentari, Diane (2017) Gesture, sign, and language: The coming of age of sign language and gesture studies. Behav Brain Sci 40:e46|
|Cooperrider, Kensy; Goldin-Meadow, Susan (2017) When Gesture Becomes Analogy. Top Cogn Sci 9:719-737|
|Goldin-Meadow, Susan (2017) Using our hands to change our minds. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 8:|
|Goldin-Meadow, Susan (2017) What the hands can tell us about language emergence. Psychon Bull Rev 24:213-218|
Showing the most recent 10 out of 50 publicationsهزاران نفر روز يکشنبه در شهر طنجه مراکش تظاهرات کردند و خواستار تغييرات بيشتر در قانون اساسی اين کشور شدند.
ملک محمد ششم، پادشاه مراکش، تغييراتی را در قانون اساسی اين کشور پيشنهاد کرد که در همه پرسی، رای مثبت بيش از ۹۸ درصد از شرکت کنندگان را بدست آورد.
با اصلاح قانون اساسی، از اختيارات پادشاه مراکش کاسته می شود و نخست وزير نيز توسط مجلس انتخاب خواهد شد.
با اين حال، تظاهرکنندگان در شهر طنجه خواستار تغييرات بيشتری شده اند.The increasing trends around health and safety, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, have set high standards for the way we choose our plumbing fixtures. For instance, research showed that many renovating homeowners are upgrading their kitchen and bathroom faucets by choosing touchless ones.
So, let’s see why people prefer touchless faucets over touch or regular faucets.
The Problem with Regular Handle Faucets
Faucets have an interesting history that can be traced back to ancient times. It all started around 1700 B.C. when plumbing systems and faucets were used to control water to private residences and fountains. Eventually, with time, we’ve seen a wide range of faucets. There were faucets that had a knob to turn on; there were faucets that came with a lever; and there were also faucets that you had to push a button to turn them on.
With the two-handle faucets, the hot and cold water controls are separate. If you want hot water, you pull the hot-water lever and if you want cold water, you turn on the cold-water faucet. When Al Moen burned his hands with the hot water, he designed a single-handed faucet where one could easily adjust the temperature of a stream of water until one obtained the desired temperature. Later in 1945, Lnadis Perry created the first faucet that came with a ball valve.
As time went on, many improvements were made to faucets. However, today there is a large percentage of the global population still uses regular handle faucets. In some developing countries like Mauritius, the double handle faucet can still be found in many houses and apartments. In India, for example, people prefer single lever faucets.
While standard faucets boast unique features and can offer good water flow control, they also come with several drawbacks. The installation of single handle faucets might be simple but when there’s a leak, you have to turn off both valves. This means that there won’t be water until a plumber comes and fixes the problem.
On the other hand, double handle faucets might look timeless, but they are very difficult to install. In addition, double handle faucets come with more parts than single handle faucets. If one of the parts is damaged, it might be difficult to pinpoint the exact problem and fix it.
Faucets work differently based on how they are designed. However, after some time, people started choosing faucets based on looks and functionality. This is how touch-sensitive faucets have become popular.
The Problem with Touch Faucets
As its name implies, a touch faucet is one that you can turn on and off by simply touching it, usually on the faucet spout. It means a single touch is enough to start and stop the stream of water. These faucets are based on a technology that senses the small charge of the human body. Small sensors are embedded in the handle and a quick touch is enough to turn on or off the faucet. Some touch faucets have additional features like turning off automatically after a short period of time.
While these faucets are a huge convenience and can slow the spread of germs, they tend to cost a lot more than standard faucets. Another common problem includes the fact that you’ll have to change the batteries periodically. In addition, some models have reported as faulty or defective.
Why Should You Opt For Touchless Faucets?
Among the many choices for kitchen faucets, touchless faucets can now be seen in many high-end restaurants and luxury hotels. Over the last decade, these sensor faucets have been a simple yet stylish addition to many kitchens and bathrooms in countries like Finland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Across these regions, these advanced plumbing fixtures have been rapidly embraced because of their unmatched durability, convenience, advanced sensing, easy installation and high performance.
Touchless faucets rely on proximity sensors that can easily minimize the chances of spreading germs. Moreover, you don’t need to clean these faucets as often as you used to do with regular faucets, as they don’t come into contact with as many germs.Annullare la multa: il vigile può farlo?
Il vigile “che si pente” può annullare la multa? Pregarlo di essere clemente spiegando le proprie motivazioni può salvare l’automobilista?
A chi non è mai capitato di cercare di convincere il vigile a non fare la multa dopo essere stati fermati per un’infrazione o essere stati beccati in divieto di sosta etc? Ma serve a qualcosa? O meglio: il vigile clemente può a sua discrezione evitare di fare la multa o rischia di essere denunciato? E se tra più automobilisti che hanno commesso la stessa infrazione ne multa solo alcuni cosa succede? Se anche voi vi siete mai domandati questa cosa, sappiate che la risposta è contenuta in una recente sentenza della Cassazione (n. 46788/17 dell’11 ottobre 2017).
Il vigile può decidere di non fare la multa o commette reato?
In realtà, già nel 2012, la Suprema Corte aveva precisato che multare solo alcune delle auto in divieto di sosta, e non tutte, non costituisce reato di omissione d’atti d’ufficio (perché le contravvenzioni non sono considerate atti urgenti in ordine a ragioni di ordine pubblico, sicurezza, igiene, sanità etc). Non si configura neppure reato di abuso d’ufficio perché questo richiede che l’agente sia motivato dalla possibilità di trarre “un ingiusto vantaggio patrimoniale” o di recare ad altri un danno ingiusto.محمد جواد ظریف، وزیر امور خارجۀ ایران، روز گذشته در جریان یک کنفرانس مطبوعاتی در تهران با حضور همتای برزیلی اش حکومت آمریکا را مسئول اجرای توافق اتمی با جمهوری اسلامی دانست و گفت : دولت آمریکا باید تدابیر کنگرۀ این کشور را به منظور نقض توافق اتمی با جمهوری اسلامی ایران متوقف کند.
وزیر امور خارجۀ ایران تأکید کرد که نه فقط رییس جمهوری کنونی آمریکا، بلکه رؤسای جمهوری آینده این کشور نیز مسئول اجرای توافق هسته ای با ایران هستند و از نظر دولت ایران نقض این توافقنامه هر زمان و به هر بهانه ای قابل پذیرش نیست.
هفتۀ گذشته رییس جمهوری آمریکا موفق شد با پشتیبانی اقلیت نمایندگان حزب دموکرات در سنای آمریکا از تصویب قطعنامۀ پیشنهادی جمهوری خواهان این کشور علیه توافق اتمی با تهران جلوگیری کند.
با این حال، جمهوری خواهان آمریکا گفته اند که در نتیجۀ این شکست، مأیوس نشده اند و اینبار قصد دارند در زمینۀ حقوقی مانع از اجرای توافقنامۀ اتمی با ایران شوند که در اصل شامل تعلیق تحریم های آمریکا علیه جمهوری اسلامی می شود.
به گزارش خبرگزاری فرانسه؛ جمهوری خواهان آمریکا معتقدند که رییس جمهوری این کشور با خودداری از ارایۀ پروتکل بازرسی از تأسیسات ایران که میان این کشور و آژانس بین المللی انرژی اتمی مخفیانه امضا شده، تعهدات خود را در قبال کنگره نقض کرده است.
به همین خاطر نمایندگان جمهوری خواه آمریکا اجرای توافقنامۀ اتمی، یعنی تعلیق مجازات های آمریکا علیه ایران را غیرقانونی می دانند. در این حال، مجلس ایران اعلام کرده است که متن توافق اتمی با ایران را در اواخر ماه جاری سپتامبر بررسی خواهد کرد.Sanayi Devrimi'nin sonuçları, demografi, siyaset, sosyal yapılar ve kurumlar ve ekonomi dahil olmak üzere, İngiliz toplumunun hemen hemen tüm alanlarında dikkat çekici davrandı. Fabrikaların büyümesiyle, örneğin, insanlar büyükşehir merkezlerine çekildi.
İngiltere ve Galler'de nüfusu 20.000'den fazla olan şehirlerin sayısı, 1800'den 12'ye, yüzyılın sonlarında 200'e yükseldi. Teknolojik değişimin demografi üzerindeki etkilerinin spesifik bir örneği olarak, kok eritme büyümesi, İngiltere'deki nüfus merkezlerinin güney ve doğudan kuzey ve batıya doğru kaymasına neden olmuştur.
Teknolojik değişim kapitalizmin büyümesini de mümkün kıldı. Üretim araçlarını kontrol eden fabrikaların ve diğerlerinin sahipleri hızla zengin oldu. Yeni teknolojilerden ilham alan ekonomik büyümenin bir göstergesi olarak, İngiltere'de satın alma gücü iki katına çıktı ve toplam milli gelir 1800 ve 1900 yılları arasında on kat arttı.
Bu değişiklikler aynı zamanda ulusun politik yapısında bir devrim yarattı. Sanayi kapitalistleri, kademeli olarak tarım toprak sahiplerini ulusun ekonomisinin ve güç yapısının liderleri olarak değiştirdiler.
Çalışma koşulları, yeni fabrika sistemlerinde çalışanların çoğu için genellikle tatmin edici olmaktan çok daha azdı. İşyerleri genellikle kötü havalandırılıyor, aşırı kalabalık ve güvenlik tehlikeleriyle doluydu.
Erkekler, kadınlar ve çocuklar, sağlıksız ve tehlikeli ortamlarda hayatta kalma ücretleri ile çalıştı. İşçiler çoğu kez daha basit konutlardan daha fazlasına sahip olamıyorlardı ve bu durum şehir kenar mahallelerinde bir artışa neden oldu.
Sanayi devriminin 10 ana sonucu
1- Eğitim
Sanayi Devrimi'nden önce, eğitim serbest değildi. Zengin aileler çocuklarını temel bir eğitim için okula göndermeyi göze alabilirken, yoksul çocukların eğitimi Pazar günkü hizmetlerde kilise okullarında sunulan derslerle sınırlıydı.
Ancak, 1833'te eğitim İngiliz hükümetinden bir hibe aldı. Hükümet, tarihte ilk kez, okullarda eğitimi teşvik etmek için fon tahsis etti. Tüm sosyoekonomik bölümlerin çocuklarına eğitimi erişilebilir kılmak amacıyla yardım derneklerine para verdi.
Aynı yıl, İngiliz hükümeti fabrikalarda çalışan çocukların günde iki saatten az bir süre okula gitmelerini gerektiren yasaları belirledi.
1844 yılında hükümet tarafından kurulan Yırtık Okullar Birliği fakir çocukların eğitimine odaklanırken, 1868'de oluşturulan Kamu Okulları Kanunu, çocuklar için temel gereksinimleri belirleyerek Britanya'daki devlet okulu sistemine reform getirdi. eğitim standartları.
2- Yeni icatlar ve fabrikaların gelişimi
Endüstri, 19. yüzyılda hızlı bir büyüme gerçekleştirdi. Üretim artmış ve her çeşit hammaddeye talep artmış, bunun yanında teknolojilerde ve seri üretim biçimlerinde büyük ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir.
3- Politika
İngiltere, bir asır önce anayasal monarşi olmuş olmasına rağmen, nüfusun büyük çoğunluğu seçim sisteminden mahrum kalmıştır. Sanayileşme gücü daha zor bir orta sınıfla birlikte büyüdükçe, seçim reformu, yeni toplumun güç yapısını dengelemek için bir zorunluluktu.
1832'den önce, erkek nüfusun sadece% 6'sı kırsal kesimde ve diğer mallarda büyük parsellere sahip olan aristokratlar tarafından temsil edilen oy kullanabildi.
1832'de, orta sınıf fabrikaların sahipleri, yeni keşfedilen ekonomik darbeleriyle çakışan siyasi güç istedi, bu da erkek nüfusunun% 20'sini oy kullanmasına olanak tanıyan 1832 reform projesine yol açtı.
Reform projesi ayrıca, şehir merkezlerinin geniş nüfusunu daha iyi yansıtabilmek için seçim bölgelerini yeniden dağıttı.
4- Kentlerin büyümesi
Sanayi Devrimi'nin tanımlayıcı ve en kalıcı özelliklerinden biri şehirlerin ortaya çıkmasıydı. Sanayi öncesi toplumda, nüfusun% 80'inden fazlası kırsal alanlarda yaşıyordu. Göçmenler kırsal alanlardan uzaklaştıkça küçük şehirler büyük şehirler haline geldi.
1850 yılına gelindiğinde, dünya tarihinde ilk defa, bir ülkede daha fazla insan - Büyük Britanya - şehirlerde kırsal alanlardan daha fazla yaşıyordu. Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika'daki diğer ülkeler sanayileşirken, bu kentleşme yolunda da devam ettiler.
1920'de çoğu Amerikalı şehirlerde yaşadı. İngiltere'de, bu kentleşme süreci on dokuzuncu yüzyılda hiç durmadan devam etti. Londra şehri, 1840 yılında iki milyon nüfustan kırk yıl sonra beş milyona ulaştı.
5- Maden kaynaklarının kullanımı ve iş gücünün arttırılması
Üretimi artırmak için, büyük miktarlarda yeni hammaddelere ihtiyaç duyuldu, bu nedenle iş gücü geliştirildi ve topraktan ve toprak altından daha fazla kaynak elde edildi.
6- Çocuk istismarı
Çocuk işçiliği, ilk fabrikaların ve madenlerin ayrılmaz bir parçasıydı. Tekstil fabrikalarında, yeni enerji tezgâhları ve eğirme katırları kalifiye işçilerin yerini aldığından, fabrika sahipleri üretim maliyetini düşürmek için ucuz ve vasıfsız emek kullandılar. Ve çocuk emeği, en ucuz işdi.
Bu makinelerin bazılarının kullanımı o kadar kolaydı ki küçük bir çocuk basit ve tekrarlayan işler yapabilir. Küçük alanlarda sıkma gibi bazı bakım işlemleri çocuklar tarafından yetişkinlerden daha kolay yapılabilir. Ve çocuklar sendikalara katılmaya ya da greve gitmeye çalışmadılar. Erkeklerin ödediğinin 1 / 10'u ödendi.
7- Aile rolleri
Sanayi Devrimi ailenin rolünü tamamen değiştirdi. Geleneksel tarım toplumunda aileler birlikte bir üretim birimi olarak çalıştılar, tarlalara katılıyor, kazak örüyor ya da yangına katılıyorlardı.
Artık kadınlar anne olabilir ve ayrıca ev için ihtiyaç duyulan yiyecek ya da malların üretiminde de rol oynayabilir. İş ve oyun süresi esnek ve iç içe geçti.
Fabrikalarda meydana gelen işlerin aynı ihtisaslaşması işçi sınıfı ailelerinin hayatında meydana geldi ve aile ekonomisini kırdı.
Çoğu fabrika işçisi başlangıçta kadın
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با اشاره به پتانسیل دریاچه ارومیه برای رونق اقتصادی استان و وجود املاح و منیزیم در دریاچه گفت: باید برای بهره برداری صنعتی از مواد و املاح موجود در دریاچه مطالعات و اقداماتی انجام شود.
در این مراسم غلامرضا بابئی رئیس سابق صنعت، معدن و تجارت استان نیز حضور داشت.
وی با بیان اینکه مشکلی در تامین و توزیع کالاهای اساسی در استان وجود ندارد گفت: در سال گذشته و امسال توانستیم با تامین کالاهای اساسی و تنظیم بازار، بازارهای استان را مدیریت کنیم.
وی در ادامه گفت: با تلاش های صورت گرفته پروژه های متوقف شده استان، صنعت و معدن نیز احیا شد.
بابعی با تاکید بر لزوم توسعه صادرات به منظور رونق اقتصادی گفت: با توجه به شرایط موجود در استان، رونق مبادلات مرزی و توسعه صادرات نقش حیاتی در رشد اقتصادی استان دارد.
انتهای پیام/
https://www.isna.ir/[本站 资讯] 奔驰EQG概念车曾在2021年9月的慕尼黑车展上首发，虽然概念车已经非常接近量产版本，但是奔驰计划其量产版车型将在2024年开始生产，并于2025年推向市场。作为奔驰G级的纯电动版车型，该车的续航问题将是重中之重。据悉，新车将会采用硅阳极电池，使电池能量密度提升20%-40%，从而解决续航问题。
据悉，奔驰EQG的供应商或将是来自美国加州的初创公司Sila Nanotechnologies，该公司在去年发布了Whoop Strap 4.0，通过硅阳极取代石墨阳极，使电池能量密度可提升20%-40%，同时还会提高电池寿命。不过，Sila只是奔驰EQG供应商的候选者之一，未来或还将有其它供应商为奔驰EQG提供电池。
回顾外观，新车整体还是保留了燃油版奔驰G级的设计，只是格栅采用了封闭式处理，并在其内部配备有光源。其内饰也将继续延续奔驰家族式设计风格。另外，新车将采用梯形车架、四轮独立悬架和四个独立可控电机构成的4×4全轮驱动系统，预计未来将会先推出标准续航版本，随后再推出长续航版车型，其有望搭载固态电池。关于新车的更多信息，我们也将持续关注报道。پایگاه خبری ریشه:
مراسم امضای تفاهم نامه همکاری مشترک با شهرداری منطقه 20 با هدف گسترش و توسعه بخش جنوبی خط 6 متروی تهران که با حضور حسن خلیل آبادی، عضو شورای اسلامی شهر تهران، فرهاد افشار شهردار منطقه20 ، علی امام مدیر عامل شرکت مترو تهران و پیمانکار این پروژه برگزار شد.
علی امام مدیر عامل شرکت مترو تهران در این مراسم گفت: در طرح اولیه خط 6 متروی تهران، توسعه جنوبی این خط مد نظر نبود اما به دلیل برخورداری مردم این منطقه از خدمات مترو، این امر در دستور کار قرار گرفت.
وی با اشاره به اینکه از دو سال پیش تاکنون، بیش از 50 درصد مسیر شش کیلومتری بخش جنوبی خط شش متروی تهران از دولت آباد تا حرم حضرت عبدالعظیم حسنی(ع) با دستگاه حفاری TBM، حفاری شده است، افزود: اگر حمایتهای لازم وجود داشته باشد تکمیل حفاری تا ضلع شرقی حرم عبدالعظیم تا اردیبهشت ماه سال آینده مقدور و میسر خواهد بود.
مدیر عامل شرکت راه آهن شهری تهران و حومه (مترو) با اشاره به بودجه محدود در نظر گرفته شده برای توسعه خطوط مترو در بودجه سنواتی دولت، گفت:بر اساس قانون حمایت از سامانههای ریلی مصوب 1385 دولت اجازه دارد 50 درصد از هزینههای مترو در کلانشهرها را تامین کند اما در سالهای اخیر به دلیل کمبود منابع مالی این امر رخ نداده است.
وی ادامه داد: در دوره مدیریت جدید شهرداری، دولت از طریق تعهد و ضمانت بازپرداخت سود 50 درصد اوراق مشارکت ؛ شهرداری تهران را حمایت کرده است که این امر جای تقدیر و تشکر دارد.
مدیرعامل شرکت راه آهن شهر تهران وحومه (مترو) با اشاره به اینکه هزینه توسعه مترو نسبت به سایر مدلهای حمل و نقل بسیار بالاتر است، بیان داشت: مهمترین اتفاق در راستای حل مشکل ترافیک و آلودگی هوا در کلانشهرها به ویژه تهران، توسعه مترو است.
وی با تاکید بر اینکه توسعه ضلع جنوبی خط شش اتفاق ارزنده و خجستهای است، افزود: این امر میتواند برای سفرهای درون شهری و جابهجایی شهروندان منطقه 20 بسیار حایز اهمیت باشد.
امام با بیان اینکه در حال حاضر برنامه طراحی اتصال توسعه جنوبی خط شش از ایستگاه حرم حضرت عبدالعظیم حسنی(ع) تا ایستگاه شهر ری با خط یک متروی تهران در دستور کار ما قرار دارد، اظهار داشت: با طراحی که به زودی به نتیجه میرسد دستگاه حفار در انتهای توسعه جنوبی خط شش همچنان به کار خود ادامه خواهد داد تا خط 6 به خط یک در ایستگاه شهر ری متصل شود.
وی در ادامه با اشاره به اینکه بودجه مصوب سال جاری مترو، 2 هزار میلیارد تومان است که 600 میلیارد تومان از این مبلغ بودجه غیرنقدی است، گفت: اقداماتی همچون عقد این قبیل تفاهم نامه ها کمک میکند تا کار توسعه مترو از طریق ظرفیتهای غیر نقدی انجام شود و پیمانکاران مطالبات خود را غیر نقدی دریافت کنند.
مدیر عامل شرکت مترو با اشاره به اینکه از طریق این تفاهم نامه شهرداری منطقه 20 تا سقف 100 میلیارد تومان تعهد کرده است تا در اختیار پیمانکار مترو قرار دهد، گفت: ما نیز از این اقدام که در شرایط حاضر شهرداری تهران با مشکلات نقدینگی مواجه است ، استقبال میکنیم.
حسن خلیل آبادی ، عضو شورای اسلامی شهر تهران با اشاره به اهمیت توسعه حمل و نقل ریلی، گفت: در دوره جدید شورای اسلامی شهر تهران، تکمیل و تسریع خطوط متروی تهران در اولویت کار ما قرار دارد که امیدواریم با همکاری همه بخشهای مرتبط این امر سرعت بیشتری بگیرد.
وی با تاکید بر اینکه ترافیک بخش مهمی از سرمایههای مادی و انسانی را هدر میدهد، گفت: وقتی به آلودگی که در اثر تردد خودروها در تهران نگاه میکنیم مشخص میشود که با وجود هزینهای که برای آن صرف شده، بیماریهایی متعاقب این آلودگیها برای شهروندان ایجاد میشود که شاید اگر سهم حمل و نقل ریلی توسعه پیدا میکرد، این ضایعات و آسیبها وجود نداشت.
فرهاد افشار، شهردار متطقه 20 نیز با اشاره به اینکه عقد تفاهمنامه با شرکت راه آهن شهری تهران و حومه (مترو) در راستای کمک به تسریع احداث بخش جنوبی خط شش مترو است، گفت :با عقد این تفاهمنامه شهر ری علاوه بر خط یک مترو از خط شش نیز بهره مند خواهد شد.
وی اضافه کرد: پیش بینی شده که 4 ایستگاه به علاوه ایستگاه دولت آباد در ضلع جنوبی این خط توسعه پیدا کند که طول این توسعه حدود 6 کیلومتر است که در حال حاضر حدود 3 کیلومتر حفاری شده که با تأمین منابع مالی، تا اردیبهشت ماه با حفر این تونل به ضلع شرقی حرم عبدالعظیم خواهد رسید.The work of OCSB School Social Workers make this possible by supporting the whole child and enabling them to access the curriculum, achieve academic success and grow as future citizens.
Achieving success at school can be hindered by various social and mental health challenges. School Social Workers have the expertise in mental health, social systems, and community resources to help overcome these barriers. They are concerned with the social determinants of health, and focus not only on the unique needs of each student, but also on the role of the wider social-economic context impacting our diverse communities.
Students may be referred for service from an OCSB Social Worker by school administrators and resource teachers, or requests may come directly from parents/guardians or the student. The involvement of a Social Worker may be an effective support to overcoming barriers to regular school attendance. They provide a variety of interventions and supports to students, parents, and school staff including such services as: counselling, clinical consultation, crisis response, professional development, and referrals to community support agencies, to name a few.
The work of our Social Workers support our Board’s mission to create the best possible conditions in which a child can develop and achieve their full social, emotional, spiritual, and academic potential.
Social Workers at the OCSB
Mary Gallagher is the Chief Social Worker at the Ottawa Catholic School Board. Mary oversees the social worker and behaviour consultant teams and is the Social Emotional Learning (SEL) Team Lead. Mary has been with the Board for 20 years and is a passionate supporter of Children and Youth in Care and those students who live in poverty. Mary supports the notion that all students should have equal access to all programs, resources, supports and benefits the Board has to offer.Geçtiğimiz hafta küresel bir boyut kazanan "Gelecek için Cumalar" eylemleri bu hafta da Yeni Zelanda'da on binlerce öğrencinin katılımıyla başladı.
İsveçli genç aktivist Greta Thunberg'in okula gitmeyerek cuma günleri iklim krizi karşıtı grev yapmasıyla başlayan harekete geçtiğimiz hafta Asya'dan Avrupa ve Amerika'ya tüm dünyadan milyonlarca öğrenci dahil olmuştu.
Dünyanın hemen hemen tüm önemli şehirlerinde okula gitmeyen öğrenciler ve onlara destek veren çevre aktivistleri yürüyüşler yaparak Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Zirvesi'nde buluşan dünya liderlerine küresel ısınmayı engellemek için daha fazla çaba göstermeleri çağrısında bulundu.
Yeni Zelanda'daki eylemleri organize eden İklim için Okul Grevi NZ platformu ülke genelinde 175 bin kişinin greve katıldığını duyurdu. Bu sayı ülke nüfusunun yüzde 3,5'ine tekabül ediyor.
Yine dünya çapında katılım olması beklenen eylemler Güney Kore, Japonya, Tayvan gibi uzakdoğu ülkelerinde yapılmaya başlandı.
Finlandiya'da da öğrenciler ve çevreci aktivistler iklim kriziyle mücadele için sokağa çıktı
İsviçre'nin Lozan kenti de bir diğer iklim protestosuna sahne olduThere are many ways to accumulate knowledge and make money, and college is one of them, but not the only way. Gaining information, you will most likely never apply in the real world doesn’t sound all that appealing after all.
Since we live in a constantly changing and evolving society, it is important to develop new skills and knowledge continuously. The only problem is that many seem to limit their potential and opportunities by having a false belief that college is the only source to reach their intellectual, financial or public reputation goals. Living in an era where entrepreneurship is at its peak, the avenues to attain these dreams have increased even more, and a number of unemployed graduates who are in serious debt are convincing enough to consider other avenues at least. This video from foxbusiness.com has an interesting entrepreneur’s view on this matter.
Every year there are new studies on the topic of college students living at parents homes struggling to find jobs and pay off debt. Research done in 2016 states that the average college student’s debt is $23,700, with monthly payments ranging from $332 to $432 per month. Now, so that you can have an idea of what I’m talking about; there are 44.2 million Americans with student loan debt and increasing every day.
Know What You Want Then Go For it
To attain a degree, one must spend at least four years in college, which isn’t much. Now, when majoring in law, medicine, politics, etc.. There are more years required, and it would be nearly impossible to make a career in such field without the education, so not a bad route after all. But the reality is that many are going to school for majors that will be entirely unrelated to their future job since only 27 percent of graduates work in the field related to chosen major. That’s pretty rough…
Now, don’t get me wrong, a lot of things college teach is valuable and applicable to life; such as writing, critical thinking, confidence within a group setting, etc. Now, on the contrary, a person who values these learnable skills, can work and educate themselves on most of these subjects. Paying for schooling knowing that only 20% or less applies to everyday life is something to worry about. Schools don’t teach how to manage finances, invest in stocks, invest in real estate, the habits and rituals of the most successful people in the world. These are the things that are worth paying.
College Is Good For Some, But Not All
College isn’t a bad thing. It’s important to be educated and having the background to show you did something with your life. But what many entrepreneurs learned is that there are many ways to build a solid career by creating a solution to people’s problems and or offering a product that others need. Also, educating yourself continuously in your field and on the subjects that will lead you towards desired goals is critical to succeeding without a college degree.
So what am I saying? College is a great investment for some people, but not everybody. Not having a college degree isn’t a bad thing if you do something productive with your life. Develop yourself, create and offer value to the market, and you can earn 3x the average annual salary of a college graduate. There are many alternatives in creating financial freedom, gaining knowledge, and the credibility you may be seeking. Every millionaire mentor I’ve encountered have said the same thing: “College never taught me how to make money.”Most geese farmers would forward to collecting eggs every 1 to 2 days. But what happens if you can’t find the eggs that your geese have laid, or perhaps you’ve noticed that they are not laying eggs?
To goose keepers, it may be worrying to see when your geese aren’t laying. Fortunately, there are various reasons why your geese are not laying eggs, and it’s not always due to diseases. Before calling the vet, let’s look at why your geese may not be laying eggs and talk about what you can do to help your geese increase its egg production.
Your geese’s age, weight, and diet will play a large part in why they aren’t laying eggs. To help increase egg production, you should aim to control your geese’s weight and provide them with a high-calcium feed. They may also be molting or have laid their eggs in more secluded areas.
In this article, I’ll elaborate on these reasons as to why your geese are not laying, and what you can do about it.
Table of Contents
My Geese Are Not Laying Eggs – Is There Something Wrong?
So, what does it mean when your geese are not laying eggs? While geese typically lay every 2nd day, there may be various reasons why you’re not seeing any eggs being laid by your geese.
For starters, it may have to do with your geese’s weight. When your geese are overweight, it could muddle with their egg production. To combat this, you may consider feeding your geese only once a day or in controlled portions across the day. While it may seem cute to have fat geese around the yard, you’ll want to ensure they remain healthy to produce eggs.
On the flip side, your geese may also not be laying eggs if they are underweight or haven’t been fed enough. Many farmers may assume that their geese are foraging enough food for themselves, and they may not be feeding the geese enough for egg production.
You’ll have to find the right balance on how much to feed or not to feed your geese, and you’ll know you’ve found it when they begin laying eggs again.
Lack of Calcium
In line with their diets, you may also consider adding more calcium into their feed. Geese eggs regularly have a thicker shell than that of a chicken’s, so they’ll need more calcium to produce them. To do this, you should crush some old eggshells or oyster shells to include as a supplement to their meals.
Place the crushed shells in a separate container from your geese’s regular feed, so they can access it when they need to. Subsequently, you may also be able to spot which of your geese are ready to lay eggs if they’re feeding on the shells more frequently. Many farmers have noticed that nesting geese tend to reach for the shells when they are laying as opposed to those that aren’t.
Your geese’s age may also play a large part as to why they are not laying eggs. As geese grow older, egg production would typically slow down. Thus, the older your brood of geese are, it becomes less likely for you to spot eggs being laid.
This is also true for geese that are too young to lay eggs. On average, you can expect geese to lay eggs from the time they turn 9 months to approximately 15 years.
While it’s possible for older geese to still lay eggs, this is usually rare and may only result in very few eggs being laid per season.
Another reason why your geese may not be laying eggs is that they may be molting. As molting takes up your geese’s energy, it may be difficult for them to continue egg production during this period. While you can’t do during this process, it would be good to know when your geese are molting to ease your worries on why they are not laying eggs.
They are Hiding Their Eggs
Finally, your geese may just be playing hide and seek with you. You see, geese can be secretive when it comes to laying eggs. If you don’t see any eggs in the typical areas your geese wander about, you should check in more secluded spots around the yard.
Be careful while you do this, however, as you may stumble upon the eggs, and you won’t want to step on them by accident.
How Will You Know When Your Geese Are Ready to Lay Eggs?
So, what if your geese are indeed laying eggs, but it’s just that you can’t find them?
One of the easiest ways to resolve this is by tracking down where your geese may be nesting. By doing this, you’ll be able to find clearer signs when your geese are nearing its egg-laying stages.
Here are some additional signs to look out for if you want to know when your geese are ready to lay eggs:
- You’ll notice your geese are mating more: While this is an obvious sign that your geese are starting to lay eggs, many farmers miss out on it by attributing this to regular geese habit. If you notice that your geese are mating more frequently, it’s
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in which live turtles could be transported. And an association between turtle soup and upper class pretensions developed fairly quickly. Even before the American Revolution turtle soup was associated with fops or dandies, wearers of macaroni wigs.
“The Drowsy Contrast or Turtle & Bone Soup Macaronies” http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details/collection_image_gallery.aspx?assetId=124832&objectId=1619123&partId=1
Residents of North American were not far behind their British cousins in both developing a taste for turtle soup and associating its consumption with refinement. It appears that Charleston was the first major North American city which developed a market for the consumption of turtle soup in public dining spaces. Given the city’s proximity to West Indian and Floridian sources of sea turtles this is hardly surprising. In 1784 the Charleston Coffee Shop offered “Turtle Soup every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.” Soon competitors such as Moore’s Exchange Coffee-House and Tavern and Browne’s Eating-House placed similar notices in local papers. By the 1790s advertisements regularly appeared in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Boston newspapers offering the public “Real Green Turtle Soup!” that was “of the best quantity,” while “gentlemen of the city” were urged to partake in dinners in which turtles would be “dressed in the finest style” before heading to the theater.
The popularity of turtle soup during the 18th century is also apparent from the1798 country dance called “Turtle Soup.” (Those of us of a certain age might remember the Turtles‘ last album was called “Turtle Soup.” I doubt that Flo and Eddie were inspired by the eighteenth century dance, but stranger things have happened).
In the first three decades of the nineteenth century, whether dancing to the sounds of “Turtle Soup” or not, many Americans and Europeans who were or aspired to be among the leisure classes ate turtle soup. Dining proprietors in Newburyport, Salem, Hartford, Newport, Providence, and Albany all advertised that turtle soup was on their menus and sought “gentlemen” to feast on the delicacy. Turtle soup came to be seen as a symbol of Victorian opulence, associated with lavish Lord Mayor’s and aldermen’s banquets. At most such galas, as well club dinners at hotels such as Young’s, the Parker House and the Albion Hotel, turtle soup was almost “invariably offered” as the first course of a extensive menu. Well off families were urged to have their servants pick up soup so the “families can be supplied.” In contrast workers who crowded into noisy crowded nineteenth century sixpenny restaurants where rapid fire meals were consumed in less than thirty minutes did not expect to be served turtle soup.
The expense of turtle soup and what Miss Corson’s Practical Cookery’s calls the “inconvenience” for families in killing large turtles did not stop those of limited means from aspiring to eat turtle soup. Price may have deterred workers from purchasing turtle soup but inventive cooks soon came up with an alternative – mock turtle soup. Mock turtle soup was popular in both England and North America and recipes for it can be found cook books of the late 18th and early nineteenth centuries. Typically , as did Mrs. Raffald’s 1807 Experienced Housekeeper recipe for “artificial” turtle soup, calf’s head was used to provide the gelatinous texture found in traditional turtle soup. But whether the mock turtle soup utilized calf’s head or fried ham it offered workers a means to experience the pleasure and associations of turtle soup without the expense or fuss involved in killing a large turtle.
For seamen whose diets were, to be charitable, dull and unvarying, sea turtles offered both an opportunity to ‘spice up’ their diet and partake in an activity that on land was generally limited to those of greater means than the typical Jack Tar.
Baltimore Patriot, July 1, 1821
Sailors, particularly whaling seamen, had a good deal of experience capturing and eating turtles. This resulted in mariners expressing preferences concerning the types of turtles they ate as well as how the turtles were prepared. New Bedford men often considered the green turtle “somewhat coarse food” causing them to leave the “flat-shelled fellows on the beaches behind us.” However, Massachusetts whalers did like terrapin turtles that they toasted, claiming that toasted terrapin was “sweeter than almond.” Other seaman, such as William Whitecar, expressed a preference for Madagascar terrapins. Whitcar and his mess mates found that despite some turtles having lived in the ship’s hold for a year they were “quite fat, and [provided] a delicious meal.”
When whaling crews captured large numbers of turtles ships’ cooks were said to create dinners “surpassing a civic banquet in the quality and quantity.” Given the immense size of some sea turtles, which could weight as much as two hundred pounds, the killing and cooking of these animals in the tight confines of a whaling ship was no easy feat. Sailors appreciated the efforts of ship cooks in preparing turtle meals. The mariners described their dinners of turtle meat and/or turtle soup as “feast[s] fit for a prince.” In describing turtle dinners on board a whaling ship the American seaman Thomas Beale remarked that “our black cook” had presented a feast that was “aldermanic.” Clearly Beale and other whalers enjoyed the fact that despite their physically demanding and often isolated lifestyle they were able to partake in eating high end food and engaging in a dining experience that on land was generally only experienced by more wealthy individuals such as aldermen. Whether the turtles they ate were green turtles from Florida, Madagascar terrapins or Pacific sea turtles, seamen’s dining on turtles constituted an inversion of usual class roles. Whaling seamen engaging in turtle fests at sea was the maritime equivalent of Election Day or Pinkster Day, where a black slave was elected Governor for a day. While neither turtle-fests at sea nor Election or Pinskter Days undid existing class structures, they did provide the underclass – sailors and slaves – a brief respite in which roles were reversed.
Wealth typically translates to greater health, meaning wealthier individuals who can afford better quality and diversity of food on average live longer. It is likely that eating turtle meat and soup allowed some unknown number of whaling seamen to reap benefits of a more diverse diet typically limited to those of greater means, and perhaps live longer lives than seamen who had less diverse diets.
What might be most interesting about the class implications of turtle soup is how long it retained its character as a dish for society’s elites. When John Lusty, chairman of the English firm which imported turtles, died in 1947, his obituary noted Lusty’s turtles had “graced the table of many a prince and society hostess,” as well as three monarchs. And yet, as the below image of Worthman’s Mock Turtle Soup indicates, even today there are still some who cannot afford turtle soup who seek to enjoy the luxurious experience associated with eating the soup without paying its cost.La carne di cavallo è un ingrediente popolare in molte culture del mondo, spesso utilizzata in piatti tradizionali per il suo sapore unico e il suo valore nutrizionale. Sebbene non sia cosí comune come come la carne di manzo, di maiale o pollo, la carne di cavallo è ancora uno degli ingredienti principali in molti paesi. In questo post, esploreremo alcuni dei piatti tradizionali di carne di cavallo provenienti da tutto il mondo.
Francia: Tartare de Cheval
In Francia, il Tartare de Cheval è un piatto classico a base di carne di cavallo cruda, condita con varie spezie e servita con diversi accompagnamenti come cipolle, capperi e salsa Worcestershire. La carne viene finemente tritata e mescolata con le spezie, quindi servita come antipasto o piatto principale.
Giappone: Basashi
Il Basashi è un piatto tradizionale giapponese a base di carne di cavallo cruda, tagliata in maniiera sottile che viene servita tipicamente con salsa di soia e zenzero grattugiato. La carne viene di solito prelevata dalle cosce posteriori ed è accuratamente selezionata per la sua alta qualità e sapore.
Kazakistan: Beshbarmak
Il Beshbarmak è un piatto tradizionale kazako che consiste in carne di cavallo bollita, servita poi con delle tagliatelle tipiche del luogo, chiamate “kazy” e vari tipi di verdure. Carne di cavallo, verudre e tagliatelle vengono cotte insieme in ultima fase per creare un piatto unico. Il tutto è spesso accompagnato da panna acida o yogurt. Il Beshbarmak è un piatto popolare durante le festività e le celebrazioni.
Messico: Carne de Caballo
In Messico, la carne di cavallo (conosciuta come Carne de Caballo) è comunemente utilizzata in una varietà di piatti, tra cui tacos, stufati e hamburger. È spesso cucinata con spezie tradizionali messicane come il cumino, il peperoncino in polvere e il coriandolo.
Mongolia: Khorkhog
Il Khorkhog è un piatto tradizionale mongolo che prevede la cottura della carne di cavallo (e talvolta di altre carni come agnello o capra) in un contenitore sigillato con pietre calde. La carne viene tipicamente marinata in una miscela di sale, cipolla e aglio ed è cotta lentamente per diverse ore fino a quando non diventa tenera e saporita. Il Khorkhog viene spesso accompagnato da verdure come patate, carote e cipolle, e viene servito in grandi porzioni per essere condiviso tra amici e familiari.
Italia: Carne di Cavallo
Nel sud Italia, la carne di cavallo è un ingrediente tradizionale usato in vari tipi di piatti come il ragù di cavallo, le polpette di cavallo, le melanzane ripiene, gli arrosti, le braciole, li straccetti alla pizzaiola ed i pezzetti di cavallo. Questi piatti sono tipicamente cotti in slow cooking.
Conclusione
La carne di cavallo potrebbe non essere consumata tanto diffusamente come altre carni, ma è comunque un ingrediente importante in molti piatti tradizionali provenienti da tutto il mondo. Dal tartare crudo in Francia al beshbarmak bollito in Kazakistan, ci sono molti modi unici e saporiti per gustare questa carne. Quindi, la prossima volta che cercherai qualcosa di nuovo, prova a gustare un piatto tipico a base di carne di cavallo.Sekme gezintisi, uygulamalarla çalışırken kullanımınıza sunulan görünümlere hızla gitmenize olanak sağlar. Sekmeler, genel menüyle birlikte çalışır. Genel menü bağlama duyarlıdır.
Üst araç çubuğundaki Hazırla, Analiz Et veya Anlatın sekmesinde bulunan açılır menüde belirlediğiniz seçeneğe bağlı olarak farklı görevleri gerçekleştirebilirsiniz. Örneğin, Analiz Et bölümünden Sayfa'yı seçerseniz, Sayfayı herkese açık yap, Sayfayı PDF olarak indir, Sayfayı çoğalt, Sayfayı sil veya Sayfa ekle işlemini yapabilirsiniz.
Menü seçenekleri aşağıdakilere bağlı olarak farklı olacaktır:
- Bir uygulamada grafikleri düzenlediğinize veya analiz ettiğinize (görüntülediğinize) göre
- Grafik türü.
- Yöneticiniz tarafından size atanmış olan ayrıcalıklar.
Hazırla sekmesinde şunları seçebilirsiniz:
- Veri yöneticisi
- Veri yükleme düzenleyicisi
- Veri modeli görüntüleyicisi
- Mantıksal model
- Sözlük
Analiz Et sekmesinde şunları seçebilirsiniz:
- Sayfa
- İçgörüler
Anlatın sekmesinde şunları seçebilirsiniz:
- Hikaye anlatımı
Önceki bir Qlik Sense sürümüne sahipseniz Veri, Analiz veya Hikaye sekmesini seçebilirsiniz. Veri yöneticisi gibi açılır menü seçenekleri kullanılamaz. Bunun yerine, genel menüdeki seçenekler kullanılabilir. Ek olarak, bir sayfada araç çubuğunun sağ tarafından İçgörüler'i açabilirsiniz.蒙古IKON网1月19日报道，蒙古国交通运输发展部部长哈勒特尔在新闻发布会上表示，政府工作会议研究决定要加快西部、东部地区的两条垂直铁路的建设工作，以及阿拉坦布拉格至扎门乌德方向高速公路将采用国际招标的方式建设。
蒙古国西部地区的垂直铁路主要是指由阿日茨苏日——乃仁苏海图——西伯库伦方向全长1255公里的铁路。东部地区的垂直铁路是指由乔巴山——呼特——毕其格图方向全长420公里的铁路。
哈勒特尔表示，上述铁路建设计划完成后，蒙古国铁路网总里程将达到4700公里，包括2700公里的新建铁路里程。2022年上半年，塔温陶勒盖至噶顺苏海图方向的铁路将开始运营，塔温陶勒盖至宗巴音方向铁路也将投入使用。
公路方面，哈勒特尔称，阿拉坦布拉格至扎门乌德方向高速公路将采用国际招标的方式建设，蒙古国总理要求到2月15日完成国际招标工作。6月21日讯 2022卡塔尔世界杯首支单曲《Hayya Hayya》（Better Together）已经正式在各个平台上线。同时该单曲的MV也在国际足联的YouTube官方频道上线。
世界杯
这首单曲早在当地时间4月1日就已经公布，由美国新晋说唱音乐人Trinidad Cardona、尼日利亚裔美国音乐人DaVido和卡塔尔女歌手Aisha共同演绎。汇集了来自美洲、非洲、中东世界不同的声音。
国际足联表示这首单曲延续了2021年颁布的国际足联声音策略，将全世界的观众都串联起来，分享足球和音乐的热情。这一策略旨在为球迷、音乐迷、球员、艺术家、体育和音乐之间创立一种创新、有意义的纽带。
《Hayya Hayya》是卡塔尔世界杯官方公布的第一支单曲。未来还将陆续公布其他的单曲，世界杯主题曲目前还在创作当中。这首单曲也在世界杯的海外版抖音官方账号上线。
2022卡塔尔世界杯将与当地时间11月21日正式拉开帷幕，一直持续到12月18日。这是世界杯首次在中东举办，也是第二次在亚洲举行。目前世预赛已经全部结束，世界杯32强球队也完全出炉，具体如下：
A组：卡塔尔、荷兰、塞内加尔、厄瓜多尔
B组：英格兰、美国、伊朗、威尔士
C组：阿根廷、墨西哥、波兰、沙特
D组：法国、丹麦、突尼斯、澳大利亚
E组：西班牙、德国、日本、哥斯达黎加
F组：比利时、克罗地亚、摩洛哥、加拿大
G组：巴西、瑞士、塞尔维亚、喀麦隆
H组：葡萄牙、乌拉圭、韩国、加纳In a recent appearance with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Donald Trump promised that “we’re going to tweak” the North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA, because of its “severe” impacts on U.S.-Mexico trade relations. But the real impacts of the agreement run much deeper than a trade deficit.
Some politicians and “experts” still don’t understand — or don’t want to understand — that a great deal of popular discontent in the United States, Mexico, and Canada alike is rooted in undemocratic policies that have produced inequality, unemployment, migration, food dependency, and pollution. NAFTA isn’t the only factor — but it’s one of the most powerful.
The reason is that NAFTA was never designed for the development of our peoples through trade, but instead to advance the narrow corporate interests of multi-national firms and the governments that serve them. In the case of Mexico, it was negotiated and signed by an authoritarian government that only served the interests of large Mexican and global corporations, and which turned its back on productive sectors linked to the domestic market.
NAFTA was once boosted as a democratizing force for Mexico. Though Mexico’s traditional ruling party did lose a few presidential elections, the continued involution and deterioration of the Mexican political system since 2000 has put lie to the claim that NAFTA was going to spur meaningful democratization.
Mexico’s economy has grown since then, but the rate of growth has actually been much slower than in periods from before NAFTA. What has grown since then is extreme inequality, between both social classes and regions in Mexico.
Yet Donald Trump would have us believe that Mexicans have made out like bandits from NAFTA, robbing middle-class jobs from the United States. Instead, more than 60 million Mexicans — more than half of the total population — live in poverty, exposing Trump’s deceptive claims as propaganda.
Almost one million small and medium-level entrepreneurs in Mexico were ruined by NAFTA’s rules of competition, which were written in favor of big transnational corporations, and by the lack of internal support policies for displaced workers and owners. Millions more there were once middle class and thought that with NAFTA they had a prospect of social advancement, but now they’re approaching poverty, too.
In all three countries, NAFTA has meant a downward standardization of wages, labor rules, and environmental standards affecting workers and farmers across each border. Just as many American farmers and workers saw their incomes decline and jobs vanish under NAFTA, millions of Mexicans similarly watched as their economic lot in life grew unbearable.
NAFTA forced the abandonment of the countryside by the Mexican government, effectively expelling millions of peasants who emigrated to the United States and opening the doors to the growth of the narcotics trade — and hence to the control of vast rural territories by organized crime.
Social organizations and networks in Mexico have monitored the results of NAFTA for over two decades now. And in a trinational alliance with our U.S. and Canadian counterparts, we’ve evaluated and constructed alternatives based on fair trade and cooperation, where human rights and respect for the environment are priorities.
Of course, NAFTA has been successful for a few industries in the three countries, but not for the majority of ordinary people. Nor has it been beneficial to our common and unique ecosystems. To “tweak” the agreement is, once again, to peddle the deception of “change so that nothing changes.”
It’s time to replace NAFTA, not to renegotiate it with the same corporate-friendly premises of the TPP. It’s time to think about the interdependence and legitimate interests that exist between our peoples, not perpetuate of the narrow mercantile and financial interests that prevailed in the design and operation of NAFTA.How do Hardy water lilies differ from Tropical water lilies?
Most hardy water lilies have been grown
and bred from varieties that originated in the cooler parts of the Northern
Hemisphere. They will survive severe
frost provided that the rhizome
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of treatment. There is debate, however, over the way that children with more severe forms of the disorder should be treated. Some therapists believe that the sounds that are learned later in development should be addressed first, even if the child has not developed the more simple sound skills. Other therapists believe that simple sounds should be treated first, as it is easier for children with phonological disorder to master them. One other school of thought is that when the child develops a sense of accomplishment when these sounds are mastered, and he or she will more willingly continue with treatment. There is ongoing research on this debate, and the results as of 2002 are still mixed.
Children who have phonological disorder because of neurological or structural problems that do not allow them to produce some sounds are often helped to find approximate alternatives for the sounds within the range of sounds that they are able to produce.
The prognosis for children with phonological disorder is generally good. For many children, the problem resolves spontaneously. It is reported that in 75% of children with mild-or-moderate forms of the disorder, and whose problems do not stem from a medical condition, the symptoms resolve before age six. In many other cases, children who receive treatment eventually develop normal or close to normal speech. In some cases, there may be mild effects that last until adulthood, but speech is completely understandable. For children with phonological disorder due to a neurological or structural cause, the outcome generally rests on how well the cause of the problem is treated.
There is no known way to prevent phonological disorder. A healthy diet during pregnancy and regular prenatal care may help to prevent some of the neurological or structural problems that can result in the disorder.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. text revised. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
Sadock, Benjamin J. and Virginia A. Sadock, eds. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 7th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2000.
Rvachew, Susan, and Michele Nowak. "The Effect of Target-Selection Strategy on Phonological Learning." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 3 (June 2001): 610.
Weismer, Susan Ellis, and others. "Nonword Repetition Performance in School-age Children with and without Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, no. 4 (August 2000).
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 3615 Wisconsin Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20016-3007. (202) 966-7300. <www.aacap.org> .
The American Academy of Pediatrics. 141 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007-1098. (847) 434-4000 <www.aap.org> .
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 10801 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852. (800) 638-8355. <http://www.asha.org> .
Tish Davidson, A.M.Many locals remember him as a Robin Hood figure, particularly the Tuscarora and Lumbee people, who consider him one of their tribe and a pioneer in the fight for their civil rights, personal freedom, and tribal self-determination. At the height of his fame, Lowrie was described by George Alfred Townsend, a late 19th century New York Herald correspondent, as “one of those remarkable executive spirits that arises now and then in a raw community without advantages other than those given by nature.
Lowrie was born in the Hopewell Community, Robeson County, North Carolina. Born to Allen and Mary (Polly) Cumbo Lowrie, Henry was one of twelve children born to Allen's two wives. As head of one of the most affluent non-white families in Robeson County, Allen Lowrie owned and operated a very successful 200 acre mixed-use farm in Robeson County.
Rise to power:
During the Civil War years, several Lowrie cousins, like many free men of color, had been forcibly conscripted to work on behalf of the Confederacy in building Fort Fisher, near Wilmington, North Carolina. Many resorted to "lying out" or hiding in Robeson County's swamps to avoid being harassed and rounded up by the Home Guard. Two of Henry Berry Lowrie's cousins were killed by James Harris after returning from their brothers' funeral. Henry Lowrie and his gang then killed Harris.
After Allen Lowrie's neighbor, James Barnes, accused the Lowries of stealing food and harboring escaped Union prisoners of war, the Lowrie gang killed him. The Confederate Home Guard convened a kangaroo court, and then executed Henry Berry's father and brother. The Lowrie gang then embarked on a series of robberies and murders with political overtones that continued on-and-off until 1872, a conflagration that would come to be known in North Carolina as the Lowry War.
Lowrie's gang continued its actions after the end of the war. Republican governor William Woods Holden outlawed them in 1869, and offered a large reward for their capture, dead or alive. The band responded with more revenge killings.
Henry Berry Lowrie's band of guerillas had become a powerful force opposing the Conservative Democratic power structure, who were pro-white supremacy. The Lowrie gang stole from, sabotaged, and killed many Conservatives. Moreover, they recognized the plight of the non-white population of Robeson County. Despite their best efforts, law enforcement was unable to stop, or even hinder the Lowrie gang, largely due to their popular support. However, shortly after one of his most daring raids, in which he robbed the local sheriff's safe for more than $28,000, Henry Berry Lowrie disappeared. Shortly thereafter, every member of his gang, save two, were captured and killed. Henry himself is reported to have been accidentally killed while cleaning his gun.
Henry Berry Lowrie's fame is unhindered by the relatively short amount of time he spent directly influencing the history of Robeson County. While there is no direct evidence that any member of the Lowrie gang self-identified as Indian there were numerous accounts describing Henry as being a mixed blood Tuscarora, there was one (listing nine witnesses) that stated that his grandfather claimed to be of Tuscarora heritage and another that went so far as to say that Pop Oxendine (another member of the gang) had the Tuscarora Indian blood in him just like the rest. As a consequence of these outsiders' descriptions of Lowrie as Indian, he has become one of the most notable figures in North Carolina Indian history. Paul Sant Cassia observed of Mediterranean bandits that they "are often romanticized afterward through nationalistic rhetoric and texts which circulate and have a life of their own, giving them a permanence and potency which transcends their localized domain and transitory nature. The same can be said of Henry Berry Lowrie.
Since 1976, Lowrie's legend has been presented every summer in the outdoor drama Strike at the Wind!. Set during the critical Civil War and Reconstruction years of Lowrie's career as outlaw-hero, the play portrays Lowrie as a Tuscarora culture hero who flouts the South's racialized power structure by fighting for his people's self-determination and allying with the county's downtrodden citizens, the blacks and poor whites.
The Lumbee are a Native American tribe of North Carolina, though their origins are disputed. While Lumbees today identify ethnically as Indians, according to documentary sources they are in origin a mixture of Native Americans, European Americans and African Americans. The name "Lumbee" is derived from the region near the Lumber River (or Lumbee River) that winds through Robeson County, North Carolina.
In 1885, the Lumbee were recognized by the State of North Carolina as Croatan Indians. They unsuccessfully sought federal recognition thereafter. In 1951, the Robeson County Commissioners conducted the first tribal election of a name. Tribal members voted for adoption of the name "Lumbee Indians of North Carolina". The Lumbee claim to be descendants of the Cheraw and related Siouan-speaking tribes of Native Americans originally inhabiting the coastal regions of the state of North Carolina.
In 1956, the United States Congress passed House Resolution 4656, known as the Lumbee Act, which recognized the Lumbee as American Indians. However, the Act also specifically prohibited the Lumbee from receiving federal services ordinarily provided to federally recognized tribes through the Bureau of Indian Affairs. As the only tribe in this circumstance, the Lumbee have sought full federal recognition through congressional legislation. Federal recognition through congressional legislation is generally opposed by some recognized tribes.
Origins and legends:
The area of North Carolina today occupied by the Lumbee is called Robeson County. Until 1787 it was part of Bladen County. When North Carolina Governor Matthew Rowan dispatched surveying parties in 1753 to count Indians in the state, the report stated there are "no Indians in the county."
Colonial tax records from 1768 to 1770 identified only one Indian in Bladen County, Thomas Britt, and Britt is not a name traditionally associated with Lumbee families. Inhabitants of Bladen County with characteristically Lumbee names were classified as "Mullato." Genealogical researcher Paul Heinegg traced the 35 Mullato families listed on the 1768-1770 Bladen County tax rolls and 24 "other free" families listed as Robeson County residents in the 1790-1800 censuses back to free persons referred to as "Negro" or "Mulatto" in Virginia or North Carolina.
A colonial proclamation in 1773 listed the names of Robeson County inhabitants who took part in a "Mob Railously Assembled together," apparently defying the efforts of colonial officials to collect taxes. The proclamation declared that "[t]he Above list of Rogus," which included many characteristically Lumbee names, "is all Free Negors and Mullatus living upon the Kings Land." A colonial military survey described, "50 families a mixt crew a lawless People possess the Lands without Patent or paying quit Rents."
In the first federal census of 1790, the ancestors of the Lumbee were among those enumerated as "free persons of color," a category used to describe free Negroes and Mullatos and meaning freed African slaves or products of mixed race unions. In subsequent censuses, they were counted in "all other free persons" or later "Mulatto." In the 1870 census, the first in which "Indian" was a separate category, almost all Robeson County residents with characteristically Lumbee names were classified as "Mulatto."
Alarmed by the Nat Turner rebellion of 1831, North Carolina and other Southern states enacted laws known as the Free Negro Code, curtailing the rights of free persons of color. In 1835, North Carolina adopted a new constitution abolishing the right to vote granted to free people of color by the 1776 constitution. During the debate, Judge Gaston of Craven stated that the majority of free persons of color in North Carolina during the colonial period were the descendants of white women who had unions with blacks and were "therefore (because of the race of the mother) entitled to all the rights of free men." Craven's argument was rejected and free people of color were disfranchised, regardless of their maternal ancestry, property holdings or literacy.
Reference to the origins of the present-day Lumbee population was made in 1840 in a petition by 36 white Robeson County residents, complaining that Robeson County had been "cursed" by the presence of what they described as being a "free colored" population that migrated originally from the districts near the Roanoke and Neuse Rivers.
The first recorded instance of any reference to the Lumbee being Indian dates from 1867 after the Civil War. During a multiple murder investigation by Lieutenant Birney of the Freedmen's Bureau, two suspected men wrote a letter that stated the tradition that the Lowry gang had descended from Tuscarora Indians: "They are said to be descended from the Tuscarora Indians. They have always claimed to be Indian & disdained the idea that they are in any way connected with the African race." The Freedman's Bureau had jurisdiction over newly emancipated slaves, not Indians.
In the 1870 census, the first in which "Indian" was a separate category, almost all Robeson County residents with characteristically Lumbee names are classified as "Mulatto."
In 1872 George Alfred Townsend published "The Swamp Outlaws" about the famed Lowrie Gang. Townsend described Henry Berry Lowrie, the leader of the gang, as being of mixed Tuscarora, mulatto, and white blood: "The color of his skin is of a whitish yellow sort, with an admixture of copper—such a skin as, for the nature of its components, is in color indescribable, there being no negro blood in it except that of a far remote generation of mulatto, and the Indian still apparent." Townsend also stated in reference to Pop Oxendine that "Like the rest, he had the Tuscarora Indian blood in him...If I should describe the man by the words nearest my idea I should call him a negro-Indian gypsy." ,Townsend's statements were reiterated three years later in both the memoirs of General Jno C. Gorman and in Mary Norment's "The Lowrie History" (1895)
During Reconstruction, the ancestors of the Lumbee joined newly freed African slaves in voting Republican. After Reconstruction, when schools and society were segregated, they objected to being classified as "colored" and having their children required to attend schools with children of freed slaves. In 1885, Hamilton McMillan, a North Carolina Democrat who represented Robeson County in the legislature, put forward the theory that the Lumbees were actually "Croatan Indians" descended from survivors of England's "Lost Colony" who intermarried with the Hatteras, an Algonquian people. McMillan's theory was motivated by the desire to politically separate the Lumbee from the newly freed slaves and bring them over to the Democratic voting column.
Other authors subsequently repeated McMillan's speculation as fact. However, no extant evidence exists for "Lost Colony" origins and the theory has been discarded by scholars. Of the many characteristically Lumbee names, none is shared with members of England's failed colony.
McMillan introduced legislation declaring the Lumbee ancestors to be Croatan Indians and giving them their own schools, separate from the white and black schools. This was the first official effort to classify the Lumbee ancestors as Indians. McMillan's success created a three-caste society in Robeson County. Prior to 1885, surviving records described Lumbee ancestors as colored, free colored, other free, mullato, mustie, mustees, or mixt blood.
Despite the lack of direct genealogical proof, in the early decades of the 20th century, various Department of Interior representatives also described the Lumbees as having Native American origin, and assigned them variously to one tribe or another.
Skeptics of McMillan's theories argue that the North Carolina politician may have been motivated by a desire to court the votes of the Lumbee. Free people of color were enfranchised again after the Civil War by the 15th Amendment, which protected suffrage for all male citizens, regardless of race, at the same time protecting suffrage of the new citizens who were emancipated slaves. Reclassification as Indians of McMillan's colored Robeson County constituents gave them a social status above the newly emancipated slaves.
In 1936, Carl Seltzer, a physical anthropologist engaged by the federal Department of the Interior, conducted an anthropometric study of several hundred self-identified Indian individuals in Robeson County. He determined that twenty-two were of at least half-Indian blood descent. In 1972, Dr. William S. Pollitzer published a combined anthropometric and serologic study of the Lumbee population. He estimated that the Lumbees had 47% African ancestry, 40% white, and 13% Indian. Most contemporary scholars no longer consider such types of studies valid for determining racial or ethnic identities.
In the late 20th century, genealogist Paul Heinegg and historian Dr. Virginia E. DeMarce performed extensive research in primary source documents, such as deeds, land records, wills, tax lists and court records to develop detailed genealogies of free people of color in the Chesapeake Bay area during the colonial years and later. They were able to trace the migration of numerous primary Lumbee ancestral families from the Tidewater region of Virginia into northeastern North Carolina and then into present-day Robeson County, North Carolina. They found that 80% of those identified as free people of color (or other) in the Federal censuses in North Carolina from 1790-1810 were descended from African Americans free in Virginia during the colonial period. Most of those free African-American families in Virginia were descended from unions between white women (servant or free) and African or African-American men (servant, slave or free), reflecting the fluid nature of relationships among the working classes. From documenting family histories through original documents, Heinegg and DeMarce have traced most Lumbee ancestors and have been able to construct genealogies that show the migration of specific families and individuals from Virginia to North Carolina
As the war progressed and the Confederacy began to experience increasing labor shortages, the Confederate South began to rely on conscription labor. A yellow fever epidemic in 1862-63 killed many slaves working on the construction of Fort Fisher near Wilmington, North Carolina, then considered to be the "Gibraltar of the South." North Carolina's slave owners resisted sending more enslaved African Americans to Fort Fisher. Robeson County, along with most eastern North Carolina counties, began to conscript young free men of color. A few were shot for attempting to evade conscription, and others attempted to escape from work at Fort Fisher. Others succumbed to starvation, disease and despair. Documentation of conscription among the Lumbee is difficult to locate and the practice may have been limited to a few specific areas of the county.
Several dozen Lumbee ancestors served in regular units in the Confederate army; many of these later drew Confederate pensions for their service. Others tried to avoid coerced labor by hiding in the swamps. While hiding in the swamps, some men from Robeson County operated as guerrillas for the Union Army, sabotaging the efforts of the Confederacy, and sought retribution against their Confederate neighbors.
Lowrie Gang War
Perhaps the most famous Lumbee ancestor is Henry Berry Lowrie, who organized an outlaw group. Most of the gang members were related, including two of Henry Lowrie's brothers, six cousins (two of whom were also his brothers-in-law), the brother-in-law of two of his cousins, in addition to a few others who were not related through kinship. The Lowrie gang included formerly free men of color and also freed slaves and whites.
The gang committed two murders
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in Portuguese and in a few other languages.
I wish I could find more sources for Monday in other languages! It’s hard because I don’t know how to read non-Latin letters >: |
And a lot of Google Translate.疾病罕见，爱不罕见
关爱在线，爱永相传
这世界上有两个族群，一个是普通人族群，一个是小精灵族群。你知道小精灵族群的“精灵宝宝”吗?
在咱们新郑市中医院康复分院儿童康复科就有这样一位特殊的小病人。他有着宽大的嘴和大而松弛的下唇，鼻尖向上翻，稍稍凸出的脸颊和不规则的牙齿，牙缝很大。这是一位典型的“精灵宝宝”特有的面部“小精灵特征”——经基因诊断技术确诊的“威廉姆斯综合征”宝宝，俗称“小精灵综合征”。
威廉姆斯综合征是由基因突变导致的一种罕见病，是一种非遗传性症状。在活着出生的婴儿中，大约每两万人就有一个患有威廉姆斯综合症，发生前无法预测。
威廉姆斯综合征患儿(威廉宝宝)一般拥有共同的面容——精灵面容：朝天鼻，长人中，阔嘴，厚唇，小下巴，大耳朵，脸颊丰满，眼皮浮肿。因为长得像小精灵，所以威廉宝宝也被称为“精灵宝宝”，“精灵宝贝”。他们很可爱，热情、善良，喜爱音乐，热爱生活，但同时因为先天基因缺陷，他们与生俱来与各种疾病问题相伴，如先天性心脏病、肾脏问题、血液问题、肌肉骨骼问题、疝气问题、斜视弱势问题、空间视觉问题、听觉问题、牙齿问题、睡眠问题、彻夜哭闹问题等，因而喂养困难，身体发育迟缓，智力低于常人，出现学习困难等问题。
虽然“精灵宝宝”是因基因突变，生前无法控制，但可以早发现早干预早治疗，在幼儿及刚出生的婴儿中，从以下迹象可以看出他们患有威廉姆斯综合症：
✦ 吸吮有困难，导致喂食困难
✦ 血液中钙含量高
✦ 嗜睡
✦ 身体发育迟缓
✦ 斜视
为更好的让我们的“威廉宝宝”在医疗、教育方面得到专业的指导，我院康复分院儿童康复科，针对这个特殊的病例，由康复分院时建卫院长带领医护人员组成专门的治疗小组，对该患儿给予无微不至的关心，进行全面的医学检查，制定详细的康复治疗计划，目前经康复中心一个多月的治疗，小宝宝有了明显的进步，希望他越来越好!
时建卫院长说，患有威廉姆斯综合征的孩子存在黄金干预期，如果孩子能在早期得到确诊，接受干预，身体机能和智商会比不干预的孩子要发展得好一些。
新郑市中医院康复分院儿童康复科作为专业的康复诊疗中心，是新郑市大规模、设备齐的综合康复科室。是新农合、医保定点单位，是郑州市残联智力障碍儿童康复定点救助单位，长期聘请国家级及省级专家坐诊。
科室医护人员业务素质过硬，新进人员都会经过严格的入科考核制度以及3个月的考察期，定期举行业务学习、赴上级医院进修深造，提升专业素养，提高各种突发事件的应变能力。科室秉承“以人为本”的医疗理念，在不增加住院费用的条件下，改善和提高患儿的住院和治疗环境。同时充分发挥中西医结合的简便、廉价、高效特点，以规范的治疗程序，使患儿异常模式得到全方位的解决。轻度患儿可以得到快速的康复痊愈，重度患儿尽早达到生活自理，让无数患儿走上幸福人生路，使无数个家庭重新恢复了温馨。
Copyright © 2015 新郑市中医院本站文字及图片内容版权归新郑市中医院，任何单位及个人未经许可，不得擅自转载使用At the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, Imperial China was larger than the United States, and filled to capacity with revolutionary sentiment. After a century of humiliation at the hands of international strongmen, the ineffectual and reluctant final Chinese dynasty was overthrown by widespread unrest that boiled in every province. Historically, Chinese history had been used to this cycle, where various strongmen would organize themselves and fight it out until one remained victor, and replace the dynasty with his own. But at this time of modernization and internationalization, that was no longer viable, and instead, the revolts gave definition to the modern concept of a warlord, or archaically, the tuchan.
Before the uprisings in China, there had never been a universal definition of what a warlord was. There had been strongmen and absolutists, but there was never a specific set of characteristics that made up the archetype. With the breakdown of the Qing government, the tuchan was able to create that definition. Out of the failed Qing state, regional governors and generals a were able to consolidate armies and groups that were focused on the men themselves rather than the continuation of a state, which while similar to the historical cycling of Chinese dynasties, was new to the international observers that resided in the many port cities and observation posts that dotted the country. While these tuchans would pledge nominal recognition to the ineffective governments that were established immediately after the fall of the Qing dynasty, the recognition would only be made because the international perspective of Chinese politics only recognized a single government.
In addition to giving the conceptual warlord a definition, the tuchan gave the warlord a specific flavor. Like warlord, the designation of tuchan was overwhelmingly negative. The international press that covered these individuals were surprised to find the internationalism within them. Many had been in contact with missionaries, received schooling abroad, and had intricate financial backgrounds. Stories were built of Zhang Zongchang’s “three don’t knows,” where he claimed he didn’t know how many men he had, how much money he had, or how many concubines he had at his disposal. In addition, rumors were spread about the Methodist general Feng Yuxiang, who was claimed to have baptized every man in his army by using fire hoses. Combinations of these stories by international observers gave the archetypal warlord a new eccentric face, cementing the warlord in the Western mythos as an orientalist caricature fit for a James Bond movie or a Nicolas Cage flick.
For the nation of China, the warlords wouldn’t be ousted until the founding of the Peoples’ Republic of China in 1949. Until then, the nation experienced the Second World War, years of civil war, and a stillborn constitutional monarchy that only existed on paper for less than a hundred days.di [email protected] (Associazione)
Il 194 è stampato sulla pelle dei palestinesi
Stasera Abu Mazen chiederà all’ONU di riconoscere la Palestina come Stato osservatore. Nel 2011 Washington minacciò il veto contro l’adesione di uno Stato membro
di Michele Giorgio
Ramallah, 29 novembre 2012, Nena News – Carl Jung parlò di «sincronicità» in relazione alla coincidenza di due o più eventi legati da un rapporto di analogo contenuto significativo. Se questo termine sia applicabile anche al numero 194 e alla storia palestinese non è facile dimostrarlo. Certo è che il 194, numero della risoluzione dell’ONU che sancisce il diritto dei profughi della Nakba palestinese (1948) a tornare nella loro terra d’origine, è anche la posizione che lo Stato di Palestinese occuperà a partire da questa sera alle Nazioni Unite, se l’Assemblea Generale accoglierà la richiesta di adesione della Palestina come Stato osservatore non membro. Un numero che è marchiato a fuoco sulla pelle dei palestinesi, che li unisce nel dolore per la «catastrofe» di 64 anni fa e sembra tenerli (più o meno) tutti dietro l’iniziativa lanciata dal presidente dell’Olp e dell’Anp Abu Mazen, che questa sera la illustrerà davanti all’Assemblea. Anche il movimento islamico Hamas, a dispetto di qualche voce importante di dissenso, ha dato appoggio al rivale Abu Mazen, impegnato in un braccio di ferro con Israele e Stati Uniti.This assignment is due on Saturday, April 8, 2017. Post your responses to the Discussion Area. Your readings for this module covered argument structures, nonstatements, premises, and conclusions. For each of the sentences below, determine if it is an argument. For those that are arguments, identify the premises and the conclusion.
With regard to argumentation, define what a premise and conclusion are.
1. She is from Minnesota, so we know that she is nice.
2. How can the paper be due today? Today is Tuesday!
3. I won’t eat broccoli. Broccoli is yucky.
4. The park was beautiful, with trees, flowers, and buzzing bees. The bright flashes of the wings of dragonflies were everywhere.
5. Get your work done now!
6. We studied hard, did all the exercises, and practiced all the proficiencies. Thus, there is no way that we will fail this course.
7. She was laughing and thus having fun.
8. Why are we looking for premises and conclusions?
9. Many teachers do not know whether students have too much homework, too little, or just enough.
Through Wednesday, April 12, 2017, participate in the discussion and comment substantively on at least two responses of your classmates, applying at least four concepts and providing two sets of reasoning.人工智能（AI）将会消除一些工作岗位，但总的来讲将会改善全社会。伯克希尔哈撒韦（BRKB）首席执行官巴菲特（Warren Buffett）在周六公司年度股东大会期间就此问题提供了自己的基本见解。
“我认为人工智能的发展会导致某些领域的工作岗位减少，但它对社会的发展是有益处的。“ 巴菲特接着说，”当然它对某些企业可能不是特别好了。“
首席执行官承认了自己对AI的技术了解并不是很多，但他相信AI产业在未来的几十年甚至是不久的将来会产生急速的变革。
巴菲特接着说：“最终它将会很大程度上造福社会，但它在其他的一些方面是极具破坏性的。例如在民主方面它可能是一个大问题。”
其实并不只是他一个人认为AI对部分群体会造成不好的影响。去年，世界经济论坛做出预测，到2020年AI可能会替代5百万工人。
巴菲特认为人工智能的发展是有代价的，他将人工智能比作贸易，在给社会带来益处的同时牺牲了部分人的工作机会。巴菲特说，“那些收到伤害的人正是自由贸易道路上的猎物，而这将会转化为政治问题。在我看来，世界经济将如何作出调整，以提高生产力，这一点非常不确定。”
BRKB董事长兼首席执行官沃伦•巴菲特（Warren Buffett）于2017年5月6日在美国内布拉斯加州奥马哈举行的伯克希尔哈撒韦年会之前津津有味地吃着Dairy Queen的冰淇淋。REUTERS / Rick Wilking TPX图 当日摄
巴菲特的得力助手查理·芒格（Charlie Munger）则认为，世界经济将会调整好，像20世纪50年代的艾森豪威尔行政当局一样提高生产力。
“没有人会抱怨自己正在使用空调”, 芒格说，“没有人想在南方的夜晚出汗发臭。”
不过，巴菲特重申，AI的发展“非常不可预测”。他尤其对自驾车和卡车具体提出了类似的想法。 虽然巴菲特承认，技术可能会使保险和铁路行业面临挑战，但他表示，这也可能使世界变得更安全。
“如果[自驾车]使世界更安全，那将是一件非常好的事情，”巴菲特说。 “但对于汽车保险公司来说，这可不是件好事。”Let's Talk: Lepto
The groundhog saw his shadow, which means an early spring, right? Well, that’s what we hope! And when spring fever hits we all get the urge to spend more time outside… more walks, more hikes, more time at the lake… but did you know that also comes with an increased risk of infection for your dogs?
Let’s chat about leptospirosis.
WHAT IS LEPTOSPIROSIS? HOW CAN MY DOG GET IT?
Leptospirosis is a spiral-shaped bacteria that can survive in water and soil. It is most commonly spread through infected urine, which can end up in puddles on the ground, streams, lakes and other bodies of water.
Most people believe that only dogs that go hiking or swimming are exposed… but have you seen any wildlife in your yard? Any mice near your house? Unfortunately raccoons, mice, and other mammals can all spread this disease when they come into our yards, as can stray dogs that are infected but not necessarily showing signs. This disease is also zoonotic, which means it can be spread from our pets to us. Yuck!
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS?
Unfortunately, the symptoms of leptospirosis can be very similar to many other disease, including severe forms of lyme disease and toxin exposures, but here are some things to watch for:
Increased thirst and urination
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s a good reason to call your vet and schedule an examination. Often times we’ll start with blood and urine samples to help diagnose your pet’s condition (IMPORTANT! If your pet ever has changes in urination patterns, PLEASE save a fresh sample for your vet to check. This can be the key to getting the correct diagnosis).
CAN THIS BE TREATED?
If your dog is stable we may start symptomatic treatment while awaiting the results. If your pet appears to be more severely affected, then we may forgo diagnostics and instead refer you to a 24-hour facility where they can receiving additional testing as well as IV fluids and treatments, and continual monitoring.
Once we confirm a diagnosis of leptospirosis, we will start your dog on antibiotics that help to kill both the bacteria in the blood, and also to eliminate the bacteria from being spread in the urine. It is important to make sure pets stay well hydrated and continue eating during this period, so appetite stimulants, anti-nausea medication and prescription diets are sometimes used to support your dog.
The recovery period often requires several medical progress visits, where we can continue to monitor the kidney and liver, and make sure your pet is improving. Thankfully, this can often be done in the comfort of your own home.
CAN I PROTECT MY DOG?
There is a vaccine that protects against 4 of the most common strains of leptospirosis – the ones most likely to cause infections in our canine companions. Not only does this vaccination help prevent dogs from becoming infected, but it also prevents the bacteria from being shed in the urine (which can cause us as humans to become infected).
The initial vaccination consists of a 2-part series. Puppies can start this series as early as 8 weeks of age, but adult dogs can start it at any time. After they receive the initial vaccine, it needs to be booster 2-4 weeks later (don’t miss this booster! If you wait more than 6 weeks your dog may need an additional booster). This is one vaccination that also needs to be given every year.
As a bonus, did you know that I use the Nobivac EDGE Leptospirosis vaccine? That means your pet gets the same protection, but with half the vaccine volume! This vaccine also goes through a special filtration process to remove extra, unnecessary proteins, to help reduce reactions.
Ready to protect your pet? Call today or click here to schedule your appointment!نحوه درمان عوارض کووید-١٩ با سلولهای بنیادی
به گزارش خبرنگار «نبض فناوری»در طول همهگیری سندرم دیسترس تنفسی شدید کروناویروس ۲ (SARS-CoV۲)، بسیاری از روشهای درمانی جدید برای درمان بیماری ناشی از کروناویروس ۲۰۱۹ (COVID-۱۹) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس بررسی سیستماتیک و متاآنالیز انجام شده توسط محققان دانشگاه سائوپائولو (USP) در برزیل با همکارانی در آلمان و ایالات متحده، گزارش شده که استفاده از سلول درمانی برای درمان بیماران COVID-۱۹ میتواند خطر مرگ ناشی از این بیماری را تا ۶۰ درصد کاهش دهد. این بررسی شامل ۱۹۵ کارآزمایی بالینی سلول درمانی پیشرفته با هدف درمان کووید-۱۹ است که در ۳۰ کشور بین ژانویه ۲۰۲۰ تا دسامبر ۲۰۲۱ انجام شده است. یافتههای آنها در مقالهای در مجله Frontiers in Immunology گزارش شده است.
آمار شیوع کروناویروس ۲ (SARS-CoV۲)
شیوع سندرم دیسترس تنفسی شدید کروناویروس ۲ (SARS-CoV۲) و علامت جانبی آن، بیماری ناشی از کروناویروس ۲۰۱۹ (COVID-۱۹)، یکی از مهمترین رویدادهای بهداشت جهانی در تاریخ ثبت شده است. گزارشهای اولیه در طول شیوع اولیه در ووهان، چین، نشان داد که تا ۱۴ ٪ از بیماران با شکل شدید کووید-۱۹ مراجعه کردند و مرگ و میر به ۳ ٪ رسید. متعاقبا، ویروس به یک بیماری همه گیر جهانی تبدیل شد و انواع جدیدی ظهور کردند. انواع اصلی این ویروس که مسئول افزایش آلودگیهای ویروسی هستند عبارتند از "بتا" (آفریقای جنوبی، می ۲۰۲۰)، "دلتا" (هند، اکتبر ۲۰۲۰)، و "گاما" (برزیل، نوامبر ۲۰۲۰). در طول فصل تابستان و پاییز ۲۰۲۲، انواع رایج در گردش، انواع فرعی "Omicron" بودند که برای اولین بار در نوامبر ۲۰۲۱ در چندین کشور ثبت شد. به عنوان مثال. خط فرعی "Omicron" BQ.۱ به عنوان یک نوع مورد علاقه (VOI) توسط مرکز اروپایی پیشگیری و کنترل بیماری (ECDC) از ۲۰ اکتبر ۲۰۲۲ تعیین شد و انتظار میرفت که از اواسط نوامبر تا آغاز دسامبر ۲۰۲۲ بیش از ۵۰ درصد از عفونتهای SARS-CoV-۲ به دلیل BQ.۱/BQ.۱.۱ باشد. این پویایی سریع در تغییرات ویروس را نشان میدهد. از طرفی تا پایان دسامبر ۲۰۲۲، تعداد مرگ و میر در سراسر جهان که مستقیماً به COVID-۱۹ نسبت داده میشود از ۶.۶ میلیون نفر فراتر رفته
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درست هستید. اما چرا این مهم است؟ درک کیفیت پیوندها به شما کمک می کند پیوندهایی را که می خواهید دنبال کنید هدف قرار دهید. اطلاع رسانی برای بک لینک می تواند یک پروسه طولانی باشد بنابراین شما نمی خواهید وقت خود به جهت به دست آوردن پیوندهایی با کیفیت پایین که به سایت شما کمک نمی کنند هدر دهید.
چند نکته قبل از رفتن به بخش بعدی:
از آنجا که الگوریتم گوگل بیش از ۲۰۰ عامل رتبه بندی گوگل را در یک زمان در نظر می گیرد ، پاسخ قطعی غیرممکن است. با این حال ، هرچه سئو را بیشتر بفهمید ، این سوال راحت تر می شود. اساساً ، شما باید کیفیت محتوایی را که در حال حاضر رتبه بندی می کنید با کیفیت خود مقایسه کنید.
این سوال مشابه "نحوه انجام فروش و بازاریابی" است. در واقع ، گرفتن بک لینک ترکیبی از هر دو است ، با چند طرفند مفید در طول راه. بازاریابی برای بک لینک می تواند شامل روشهای سنتی مانند خبرنامه ها ، پست های شبکه های اجتماعی ، تبلیغات پولی ، تعامل در انجمن ها ، پادکست ها و موارد دیگر باشد.
از طرف دیگر ، ارتباط با مردم از طریق ایمیل یا رسانه های اجتماعی بیشتر رویکرد فروش محسوب می شود. اگرچه این قابلیت مقیاس بندی دارد ، اما در اصل یک تجربه یک به یک است. هنگام جستجو برای به دست آوردن بک لینک ، استفاده از ابزارها و چارچوب های مناسب بسیار مهم است. در غیر این صورت ، دستیابی به بک لینک می تواند به یک کار دشوار و زمان بر تبدیل شود. هنگام جستجو برای به دست آوردن بک لینک ، استفاده از ابزارها و چارچوب های مناسب بسیار مهم است. در غیر این صورت ، دستیابی به بک لینک می تواند به یک کار دشوار و زمان بر تبدیل شود.
تمام استراتژی های بک لینک حول یکی از مفاهیم زیر است:
اگر واقعاً ساخت بک لینک را به مراحل اصلی برسانید ، به این شکل است:
مرحله 1 - یک فرصت بازگشت لینک پیدا کنید
مرحله 2 - اطلاعات تماس با شخصی را که وب سایت را مدیریت می کند پیدا کنید
مرحله 3 - با پیام شخصی که ارزش را منتقل می کند ، تماس بگیرید و پیگیری کنید
تاکتیک ها و استراتژی های توضیح داده شده در بالا به مشتریان دودکو و بسیاری از شرکت های موفق دیگر کمک کرده است تا عملکرد جستجوی خود را به طرز چشمگیری بهبود بخشند و وابستگی خود را به تبلیغات پولی کاهش دهند. خواه خودتان سئو را انجام دهید یا شخص دیگری را استخدام کنید ، در اینجا چند نکته اساسی را باید بخاطر بسپارید:
در این مقاله توسط گروه دودکو سعی شده تا توضیحات جامعه درباره سئو و فرآیند آن داده شود. اما تنها به این مقاله برای خبره شدن در سئو اکتفا نکنید . بخش مقالات سئو دودکو را فراموش نکنید.Hanno Detto
Brambati: «La Juve mi soprende. Mano Danilo? Penso questo»
Brambati: «La Juve mi soprende. Mano Danilo? Penso questo». Il procuratore intervene sugli episodi da moviola e non solo
Il procuratore Massimo Brambati a Maracanà ha parlato della Juve e degli episodi da moviola avvenuti contro il Verona.
LE DICHIARAZIONI – «Ho visto Danilo scivolare in area, ma devo dire che un difensore debba muovere almeno le mani per cercare di tenere l’equilibrio e spostarsi. Per quanto riguarda l’intervento di Bonucci, credo che sia stato preso il pallone. E’ vero che c’è una gamba alzata ma ha preso il pallone prima dell’attaccante. Juve Lazio? Non mi sarei mai aspettato, visto l’andamento, di vedere la Juve tra le prime quattro ad affrontare questa sfida. La Lazio non mi sorprende, perché è molto continua, ha un’identità di gioco ben definita e se manca qualche giocatore è avvantaggiata».Libertarian Ancient Ireland
Murrah N. Rothbard
For A New Libery: The Libertarian Manifesto, "Chapter 12: The Public Sector, III: Police, Law, and the Courts." New York: Collier, 1978. pp. 231-234.
The most remarkable historical example of a society of libertarian law and courts, however, has been neglected by historians until very recently. And this was also a society where not only the courts and the law were largely libertarian, but where they operated within a purely state-less and libertarian society. This was ancient Ireland — an Ireland which persisted in this libertarian path for roughly a thousand years until its brutal conquest by England in the seventeenth century. And, in contrast to many similarly functioning primitive tribes (such as the Ibos in West Africa, and many European tribes), preconquest Ireland was not in any sense a "primitive" society: it was a highly complex society that was, for centuries, the most advanced, most scholarly, and most civilized in all of Western Europe.
For a thousand years, then, ancient Celtic Ireland had no State or anything like it. As the leading authority on ancient Irish law has written: "There was no legislature, no bailiffs, no police, no public enforcement of justice . . . . There was no trace of State- administered justice."9
How then was justice secured? The basic political unit of ancient Ireland was the tuath. All "freemen" who owned land, all professionals, and all craftsmen, were entitled to become members of a tuath. Each tuath's members formed an annual assembly which decided all common policies, declared war or peace on other tuatha, and elected or deposed their "kings." An important point is that, in contrast to primitive tribes, no one was stuck or bound to a given tuath, either because of kinship or of geographical location. Individual members were free to, and often did, secede from a tuath and join a competing tuath. Often, two or more tuatha decided to merge into a single, more efficient unit. As Professor Peden states, "the tuath is thus a body of persons voluntarily united for socially beneficial purposes and the sum total of the landed properties of its members constituted its territorial dimension."10 In short, they did not have the modern State with its claim to sovereignty over a given (usually expanding) territorial area, divorced from the landed property rights of its subjects; on the contrary, tuatha were voluntary associations [p. 232] which only comprised the landed properties of its voluntary members. Historically, about 80 to 100 tuatha coexisted at any time throughout Ireland.
But what of the elected "king"? Did he constitute a form of State ruler? Chiefly, the king functioned as a religions high priest, presiding over the worship rites of the tuath, which functioned as a voluntary religious, as well as a social and political, organization. As in pagan, pre-Christian, priesthoods, the kingly function was hereditary, this practice carrying over to Christian times. The king was elected by the tuath from within a royal kin-group (the derbfine), which carried the hereditary priestly function. Politically, however, the king had strictly limited functions: he was the military leader of the tuath, and he presided over the tuath assemblies. But he could only conduct war or peace negotiations as agent of the assemblies; and he was in no sense sovereign and had no rights of administering justice over tuath members. He could not legislate, and when he himself was party to a lawsuit, he had to submit his case to an independent judicial arbiter.
Again, how, then, was law developed and justice maintained? In the first place, the law itself was based on a body of ancient and immemorial custom, passed down as oral and then written tradition through a class of professional jurists called the brehons. The brehons were in no sense public, or governmental, officials; they were simply selected by parties to disputes on the basis of their reputations for wisdom, knowledge of the customary law, and the integrity of their decisions. As Professor Peden states:
. . . the professional jurists were consulted by parties to disputes for advice as to what the law was in particular cases, and these same men often acted as arbitrators between suitors. They remained at all times private persons, not public officials; their functioning depended upon their knowledge of the law and the integrity of their judicial reputations.11
Furthermore, the brehons had no connection whatsoever with the individual tuatha or with their kings. They were completely private, national in scope, and were used by disputants throughout Ireland. Moreover, and this is a vital point, in contrast to the system of private Roman lawyers, the brehon was all there was; there were no other judges, no "public" judges of any kind, in ancient Ireland.
It was the brehons who were schooled in the law, and who added glosses and applications to the law to fit changing conditions. Furthermore, [p. 233] there was no monopoly, in any sense, of the brehon jurists; instead, several competing schools of jurisprudence existed and competed for the custom of the Irish people.
How were the decisions of the brehons enforced? Through an elaborate, voluntarily developed system of "insurance," or sureties. Men were linked together by a variety of surety relationships by which they guaranteed one another for the righting of wrongs, and for the enforcement of justice and the decisions of the brehons. In short, the brehons themselves were not involved in the enforcement of decisions, which rested again with private individuals linked through sureties. There were various types of surety. For example, the surety would guarantee with his own property the payment of a debt, and then join the plaintiff in enforcing a debt judgment if the debtor refused to pay. In that case, the debtor would have to pay double damages: one to the original creditor, and another as compensation to his surety. And this system applied to all offences, aggressions and assaults as well as commercial contracts; in short, it applied to all cases of what we would call "civil" and "criminal" law. All criminals were considered to be "debtors" who owed restitution and compensation to their victims, who thus became their "creditors." The victim would gather his sureties around him and proceed to apprehend the criminal or to proclaim his suit publicly and demand that the defendant submit to adjudication of their dispute with the brehons. The criminal might then send his own sureties to negotiate a settlement or agree to submit the dispute to the brehons. If he did not do so, he was considered an "outlaw" by the entire community; he could no longer enforce any claim of his own in the courts, and he was treated to the opprobrium of the entire community.12
There were occasional "wars," to be sure, in the thousand years of Celtic Ireland, but they were minor brawls, negligible compared to the devastating wars that racked the rest of Europe. As Professor Peden points out, "without the coercive apparatus of the State which can through taxation and conscription mobilize large amounts of arms and manpower, the Irish were unable to sustain any large scale military force in the field for any length of time. Irish wars . . . were pitiful brawls and cattle raids by European standards."13 [p. 234]
Thus, we have indicated that it is perfectly possible, in theory and historically, to have efficient and courteous police, competent and learned judges, and a body of systematic and socially accepted law — and none of these things being furnished by a coercive government. Government — claiming a compulsory monopoly of protection over a geographical area, and extracting its revenues by force — can be separated from the entire field of protection. Government is no more necessary for providing vital protection service than it is necessary for providing anything else. And we have not stressed a crucial fact about government: that its compulsory monopoly over the weapons of coercion has led it, over the centuries, to infinitely more butcheries and infinitely greater tyranny and oppression than any decentralized, private agencies could possibly have done. If we look at the black record of mass murder, exploitation, and tyranny levied on society by governments over the ages, we need not be loath to abandon the Leviathan State and . . . try freedom.
9. Quoted in the best introduction to ancient, anarchistic Irish institutions, Joseph R. Peden, "Property Rights in Celtic Irish Law," Journal of Libertarian Studies, 1 (Spring 1977), p. 83; see also pp. 81-95. For a summary, see Peden, "Stateless Societies: Ancient Ireland," The Libertarian Forum (April 1971), pp. 3-4.
10. Peden, "Stateless Societies," p. 4.
12. Professor Charles Donahue of Fordham University has maintained that the secular part of ancient Irish law was not simply haphazard tradition, that it was consciously rooted in the Stoic conception of natural law, discoverable by man's reason Charles Donahue, "Early Celtic Laws" (unpublished paper, delivered at the Columbia University Seminar in the History of Legal and Political Thought, Autumn, 1964), pp 13ffJUDICIAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN INDIA - AN UNANSWERED QUESTION
Updated: Mar 14, 2021
Any authority vested with powers and responsibilities must have accountability as well in order to keep the integrity in the framework intact. Accountability works on the integrity of the framework of the institution. It seeks to bring in transparency and make the institution strictly answerable to the public at large. The judiciary is also one such institution which must be held accountable for its actions.
This needs to be done to ensure that the judiciary is not above the law and it is about the law. The judiciary is also a means to the strict observance of the law of the land by being its interpreter and protector rather than an authority which would lie above it.
Co-Relation Of The Independence And Accountability Of Judiciary
The independence of the judiciary is much advocated for the proper functioning of the democracy and for being a deterrent on the arbitrary actions of the other two wings, the legislature and the executive. The people repose their belief in the judiciary by placing it on the highest pedestal expecting justice and protection of their rights. However it is pertinent to note here that if the judiciary is not also accountable for its actions then the belief of the people would no longer remain intact and soon shatter.
It becomes absolutely essential for us to understand the importance of judicial accountability as judicial independence alone cannot exist as the faith of the people is reposed in the judiciary which would remain so only if the judiciary is also accountable along with being independent. An effective judiciary can function when it is accountable. Some may insist accountability to principles or to oneself rather than to any authority with the power of punishment or correction.
An increased public perception of judicial accountability which is directly dependent on personal accountability can determine the degree of acceptable judicial independence. Thus, judicial accountability is a necessary means to reinforce independence and to ensure an effective judiciary. It can thus be said that independence and accountability are two sides of the same coin and complement each other.
What Is The Need Of Judicial Accountability?
For any democracy to function properly it becomes imperative that the authorities should be kept under a check of accountability. Power in a democracy always comes with responsibility. For the democracy to function properly as a whole not just the political authorities should be held accountable but also every single person who is vested with any power which has a bearing on the public welfare and the public at large.
The Supreme Court had very appropriately asserted that, “A single dishonest judge not only dishonors himself and disgraces his office but jeopardizes the integrity of the entire judicial system.”
In India the judges have always been held in high regard since prehistoric times, they were considered next to God while delivering any judgment. The present day does not see much change in the reverence with which the judges are looked at. Consequently it becomes absolutely necessary for the judges to be responsible and answerable.
Absence Of Judicial Accountability In India
The fact that the Indian judiciary would actually develop to be the most impressive foundation of the state must not have been in the thoughts of the framers of the constitution 70 years back from now. They bestowed the judiciary with power to interpret the constitution and the laws, to strike down the executive’s actions which disregarded any law and to look at whether laws formulated by parliament complied with the constitution and pronounce them void in the event that they abused it.
In such circumstances, it becomes imperative that judges of the predominant judiciary ought to be made responsible for their conduct. Tragically, neither the constitution, nor some other law has explicitly made any organization or framework to analyze the exhibition of judges or look at objections against them.
As per the provisions of the constitution the judges of the High Courts and the Supreme Court can be removed from their office by the process of impeachment. The prescribed process is so cumbersome that it becomes nearly impracticable to hold the judges accountable through it. The number of the judges who have so far been impeached is negligible or no number at all.
Judicial Accountability and Order
The judiciary is supposed to be independent and free from the influence of any political and other substances of the society. However judicial independence does not in any case allow the judiciary to act and exercise their powers as it pleases. Undoubtedly, the independence depends on open trust and, to look after it, it is essential that judges must meet the expectations of trustworthiness and must be responsible to the people.
The judiciary must be responsible to the law, as in the choices made are as per the law and are not subjective. Like some other parts of government, it should likewise be responsible to the people it serves. Building up a culture of autonomy, unprejudiced nature and responsibility among the adjudicators is a significant advance towards guaranteeing the general trustworthiness of the judiciary.
Ethical Codes for Judges
Certain ethical codes which judges should abide by keeping in view the accountability it has to maintain-
Judicial decision must be forthright- a judicial decision cannot be forthright except if it has been chosen in light of a fair sentiment framed in the lattice of the adjudicators capable of law and actuality. A decision gets unscrupulous if not settled on legal conviction of trustworthiness, reasonableness and lack of bias.
No man should be a judge in his own case- The fundamental moral standard is that no man can be judge in his own case. This moral standard limits not exclusively to the reason where the appointed authority is a genuine gathering to a case, yet additionally to a case wherein he has any interest. An appointed authority isn't required to adjudicate for a situation on the off chance that he has his interest in that.
Judges should administer equity- Judges ought to be brave to regulate equity. "Fiat justitia, ruat caelum" signifies "Let equity be done however the sky fall" must be followed as a saying by an adjudicator.
Equal opportunity- the parties to the question should be given fair and equal opportunity in the hearing of the matter before any judgment is delivered.
Judicial Accountability Bill
An attempt was made in 2012 to bring accountability of the higher judiciary into the real picture through the judicial accountability bill. The bill was passed by the Lok Sabha but couldn’t be discussed in the Rajya Sabha as parliament was adjourned and later lapsed due to Lok Sabha’s dissolution.
The bill was introduced as a response to the rising questions over the accountability of the judiciary. It proposed that judges were to declare their assets and liabilities
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Service Chief Jack Ward Thomas established the National Riparian Service Team, led by Wayne Elmore, in 1996. The conceptual centerpiece of the NRST’s work is the proper functioning condition (PFC) assessment, which uses a variety of criteria to determine the ecological potential of a stream and watershed and measures it against current conditions. Then the team helps field units design management prescriptions to move the watershed toward PFC.
Today, these approaches still serve as cornerstones for the management of aquatic and riparian habitats on BLM and Forest Service lands in the West.
During his 20 years with the BLM, Mike Crouse was a fisheries biologist in Vale, Oregon; the national fisheries program manager in Washington, DC; and the chief of biological resources for the Oregon/Washington State Office. He also worked for several other federal agencies during his 36-year career.اختصاصی بارسانیوز - در شرایطی که ماتیاس دی لیخت مدافع 19 ساله هلندی و کاپیتان باشگاه آژاکس خود را برای بازی امشب مقابل تاتنهام آماده می کند، رادیو کاتالونیا در ساعات اخیر در گزارشی اعلام کرد که مذاکرات او با بارسلونا برای انتقال تابستانی به خوبی پیش می رود.
طبق گزارش، بارسلونا در مسیر صحیح در راه جذب ماتیاس به سر می برد اما باید تا پایان سرنوشت نیمه نهایی این فصل لیگ قهرمانان اروپا صبر کرد در شرایطی که آژاکس در راه نبر برای کسب لیگ هلند نیز به سر می برد.
طبق گزارش، قیمت ماتیاس دی لیخت بین 65 تا 70 میلیون یورو برآورد می شود و کمتر از هزینه 75 میلیون یورویی انتقال فرنکی دی یانگ به عنوان بخش ثابت می باشد.Camicia lunga larga, da donna, come fare un rimborso ai lati x forata su i lati?tipo due coulisse?
Siccome mi sta lunghetta, vorrei fare due rimborsi ai lati, non in vita, per tirare su la stoffa, come due coulisse, come si fa, a mano? grazie
5 risposte
- 6 mesi fa
per me va benissimo così
- LindaLv 76 mesi fa
ti conviene cucire nella parte a rovescio della camicia una fettuccia e poi far passare nell'interno di questa un cordoncino che stringe la camicia all'altezza ella vita.
- Anonimo6 mesi fa
Per me che non ne capisco mi sembra una supercazzola XD
- 6 mesi fa
Pagata due euro al mercato non vale la pena una sarto! Se riuscivo da sola
- Che ne pensi delle risposte? Puoi accedere per votare la risposta.
- 6 mesi fa
Devi portarla da un sarto magariFor decades visitors from all around the globe have flocked to Central Australia to add a satisfactory tick to their bucket list by climbing Uluru. However, in November 2017, the decision was made to ban the climb on 26th October 2019, a date which marks the 34th anniversary of the handback of Uluru to its traditional owners.
The issue of whether or not visitors should be allowed to climb Uluru has long been a topic of debate. Many regard it as an iconic Australian experience, which brings thousands of tourists to the area. However, the traditional owners have been asking travellers not to climb the rock since the handback in 1985. In 1992, signs were put in place requesting that visitors reconsider their decision to climb.
Image Source: Tourism NT/Matt Cherubino
There are several reasons not to climb Uluru, which concern the environment, safety, and culture. Thousands of footsteps over many years have caused erosion to the rock, leading to permanent damage. Furthermore, due to a lack of toilet facilities, human waste is often left behind by climbers who are caught short. The evaporated waste is then washed off during rainfall and goes on to pollute local waterholes, which native wildlife depend on for survival. Climbers are also endangering the tadpole shrimp, which live on the rock. Due to visitors unknowingly crushing their eggs as they walk, the tadpole shrimp is now close to extinction.
Aside from environmental concerns, it is unsafe to climb Uluru. Since the first records were kept in the 1950s, there have been 37 fatalities to people attempting the climb. The traditional owners feel a duty of care towards visitors to their land, and experience great sadness when deaths or illness occurs. However, the most significant reason not to climb is culture. Uluru in its entirety is sacred, and the specific place where the climb begins is a sacred men’s area.
In 2010, the Uluru-Kata Tjuta park management plan stated that three goals must be considered before a ban could be enforced. New visitor experiences must be established, fewer than 20% of visitors should be climbing Uluru, and cultural and natural experiences should be the key reason why travellers visit. With the proportion of visitors who choose to climb the rock falling dramatically and plenty of alternative experiences on offer, these goals have now been met.
Image Source: Tourism NT/Jackson Groves
Since the ban was announced, accommodation around Uluru has been filled to the brim with tourists visiting to climb whilst they still can. However, some still decide not to when they realise the significance to the traditional owners. There are plenty of other ways to experience Uluru. Visitors can rise at the crack of dawn for a breathtaking sunrise tour, or enjoy champagne and canapés as they watch the enchanting sunset, followed by a wonderful dinner under the stars. Days can be spent taking tours of the rock on foot, bicycle, segway, motorbike, or even camels, whilst local guides tell the stories of Uluru’s unique history. The possibilities offer something incredible to suit all travellers.
Ümraniye, İstanbul?un Anadolu yakasında olup kuzeyinde Beykoz, kuzeydoğusunda Şile, doğusunda Kartal ve Sultanbeyli, güneyinde Kadıköy, batısında Üsküdar ilçeleriyle çevrilidir. 1960 yılına kadar köy olarak kalan Ümraniye, organize sanayii bölgesi olarak ilan edilmesinden sonra yoğun göç almıştır. Belediye ilk defa 1963 yılında kurulmuş, 1980 yılında müdürlüğe dönüştürülmüş ve 1987 yılında tekrar kurulmuştur.
İstanbul Metropoliten alan sınırları içerisinde, doğu yakasında bulunan Ümraniye 1970? li yıllarda sanayi faaliyetlerinin yoğunlaşmaya başlamasıyla hızlı bir gelişim göstermiştir. İlçe ve belediye statüsü kazanmadan önce Üsküdar ilçesine bağımlı gelişen Ümraniye yerleşim süreci içinde, sanayi, hizmet ve ticaret sektörlerindeki gelişimi ile çevre yerleşmelere hizmet verir konumuna gelmiştir.
Tarihi kaynaklara göre Ümraniye'ye ilk yerleşenler Frigya'lılardır. Çam ağacını kutsal kabul eden Frigyalılar Küçük ve Büyük Çamlıca'dan başlayarak Alemdağ ve Kayış Dağı'na kadar bütün araziyi çam ormanlarıyla donatmışlardı. Sonraki yıllarda Ümraniye'nin bulunduğu yerler Romalılar ve Bizanslılar'ın egemenliğine geçmiştir. Harun Reşit, ordularıyla 782 yılında Krizepolis (Üsküdar) önlerine kadar gelmiştir. Bir sene burada kaldıktan sonra 783 yılında Bizans İmparatoriçe'si ÎREN'in ordusuna mağlup olmuş, bunun sonucunda her sene Bizanslılar'a 70.000 altın vermeye zorunlu kalmıştır. İlçe toprakları Bizanslılar'la Müslüman ordular arasında zaman zaman el değiştirmiştir. Anadolu'yu Müslüman yapan ve Türkleştiren ilk devlet Danişmentliler Devletidir. Danişment oğulları Bizans topraklarına kadar sızmışlar ve Alemdağ'ının üstünde bir kale yapmışlardır. Danişment Gazi' nin arkadaşı Sultan Turasan Bizanslar'a karşı bu kalede çok defa savaşmış ve Anadolu' dan beklenen yardımı alamayınca burada öldürülmüştür. Selçuklular İznik'e kadar gelmiş, bu şehir alınmış ve bu şehri ilk başkent yapmışlardır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu döneminde padişah olan Orhan Gazi bölgeyi Osmanlı topraklarına katmıştır. İlçenin ilk adının "Yalnız Selvi" olduğu söylenmektedir.— Burnley FC (@BurnleyOfficial) 2 Luglio 2014
Matt Gilks giocherà la prossima stagione di Premier League con il Burnley.
La vita da neopromossa si sa non è mai facile ed il Burnley di mister Sean Diche non intende farsi trovare impreparato e per cercare di non retrocedere bisognerà “sistemare” la rosa durante questa sessione di mercato. Ed ecco che a tal proposito nel primo pomeriggio di quest’oggi è stato ufficializzato il portiere Matt Gilks che da ieri era finito nella lista dei free agent visto che in precedenza aveva deciso di non rinnovare il proprio contratto con il Blackpool. Gilks ha firmato un contratto della durata di due anni e negli anni precedenti ha vestito le maglie di Rochdale, Norwich, Blackpool e Shrewsbury. Vanta anche 3 presenze con la maglia della nazionale scozzese.钢管中所含的元素不同，其管子的作用及价格也有所不同，下面分析下每种元素的作用。
1、碳（C）：钢和铁的界限由C含量来控制，小于2.11%的为钢。含碳量越高屈服点和抗拉强度也高，但是塑性和冲击性能会降低，而碳含量过高容易造成晶间腐蚀不合格。
2、硅（Si）：此元素是脱硫剂和脱氧剂，有较高的强度的硬度，可以改善钢的热加工性能。
3、铬（Cr）：提高钢的强度、硬度和耐磨性，但是会降低钢的塑性和韧性。
4、镍（Ni）：可提高钢的强度，亦可保持良好的塑性和韧性。
5、钼（Mo）：钢中加入钼元素，可以提高钢的机械性能。
6、钛（Ti）：钢中加入一定量的钛有抗晶间腐蚀的能力，钛元素是钢中的脱氧剂，降低实效敏感性和冷脆性。
7、磷（P)：通常情况下钢中磷的含量控制的越低越好，因为磷是钢中的有害元素，增加钢的冷脆性，使焊接性能变坏，降低了塑性，使冷弯性能变坏。
8、硫（S）：硫元素也是钢中的有害元素，能使钢产生热脆性，降低钢的延展性和韧性，在锻造过程中容易造成裂纹，钢的耐腐蚀性能也降低，因此硫的含量尽量控制低些。
9、氮（N）：氮元素可以提高钢的强度、低温韧性和焊接性，增加实效敏感性，因此钢中加入适量的氮可提高不锈钢的抗腐性和强度。
来源：佛山市中牌机械有限公司SHTFPreparedness may collect a share of sales or other compensation from the links on this page.
When it comes to survival and preparation, many people invest heavily into technologies, gear and equipment. Often overlooked is basic wilderness survival knowledge, like learning what the potential threats are in your city and countryside.
It’s one thing being ready for economic collapse or a SHTF situation, but even in an economic collapse, there are still deadly creatures. In difficult times, it becomes even more important to identify outside threats as it will likely become difficult to receive quick, or any, medical attention.
In the US alone, there are around 7000 venomous snake bites reported every year. From this statistic, only a handful of them result in death, primarily due to speedy medical assistance. Without qualified medical attention and antivenin, it is near impossible to treat a bite yourself.
That’s exactly why it is crucial you should learn how to identify the four venomous snakes of North America and what to do if you come across one. Snakes, like most animals, will retreat when facing danger. However, many snake bites occur without the person even knowing that the snake was there due to the fact they hide between logs, rocks and in long grass. Briefly, here’s how you can avoid a bite:
- Learn venomous snake habitats (long grass, water, swamps)
- Wear protective clothing like gaiters, boots and chaps
- Never try to catch or prod a snake, even if it looks dead
- Watch your step over logs and rocks and under branches
- Stick to the path as snakes usually avoid it
If you’re unfortunate enough to have been bitten by a venomous snake, you should aim to reach professional medical help as soon as you can. While you’re waiting for assistance, you should:
- Stay calm and keep heart rate as low as possible
- Avoid being bitten a second time
- Remove any restrictive clothing
- Don’t cut off circulation with tourniquet
- Don’t suck venom or use suction device; it can cause more damage
- Don’t take pain killers
The outdoor and survival enthusiasts over at Sniff Outdoors have created the following infographic to show you how to identify the venomous snakes and what to do if you encounter one.ABD’nin güney kıyılarına ulaşan ve Louisiana eyaletinde etkisini gösteren Ida Kasırgası, 240 km hızla ABD anakarasını vuran en güçlü beşinci kasırga olarak tarihe geçti.
Kasırga nedeniyle eyalette 1 milyondan fazla kişi elektiriksiz kaldı. Bu sorunun haftalarda sürebileceği tahmin ediliyor.
Eyalette arama kurtarma çalışmaları için 5 bin ulusal muhafız görevlendirildi.
CNN’e göre, ülkenin dört bir yanından 25 binden fazla işçi de eyalette onarım çalışmalarına katıldı.
NEHİR TERSİNE AKTI!
Hafta sonu ABD’nin Louisiana eyaletini vuran İda Kasırgası’nın şiddeti nedeniyle Mississippi Nehri’nin bir süreliğine tersine aktığı bildirildi.
ABD Jeoloji Araştırmaları Kurumu (USGS), New Orleans’ın güneyinde Mississippi Nehri’nin pazar günü öğle saatlerinde kasırganın yarattığı şiddetli fırtına dalgası nedeniyle tersine aktığını tespit ettiklerini açıkladı.
Meksika Körfezi’ne boşalan Mississippi Nehri, Ida’dan günler önce saniyede yaklaşık 8500 metreküp su boşaltırken, akış tersine döndüğünde saniyede yaklaşık 1150 metreküp suyun kaynağa doğru aktığı tespit edildi.
Tersine akışın birkaç saat sürdüğü belirtildi.
2005 yılındaki Katrina ve 2012 yılındaki Isaac kasırgası sırasında da Mississippi Nehri’nin tersine aktığı açıklandı.
ÖLÜ SAYISI ARTABİLİR
Baton Rouge bölgesinde ağacın evin üzerine düşmesi sonucu bir kişi hayatını kaybetti.
Yetkililer, arama ve kurtarma çalışmaları süresince ölü sayısının artabileceğini söyledi.
Binlerce kişi Lousiana’yı terk ederken, kalanlardan kasırga bitene dek dışarıya çıkmamaları istendi.
New Orleans Belediye Başkanı LaToya Cantrell, evlerini boşaltmış olan kişilerden yerlerinde kalmalarını, elektrik ve iletişim yeniden sağlanana kadar geri dönmemelerini istedi.
Ulusal Kasırga Merkezi, şiddetli yağmurun Mississippi, Alabama ve Florida’nın bazı bölgelerinde sele neden olabileceği konusunda uyardı.
Eyaletin en büyük şehri olan New Orleans’ı 2005 yılında vuran Katrina Kasırgası’nda bin 800 kişi hayatını kaybetmişti. Bu tarihten sonra kentte seller için önlem olarak setler kurulmuştu. Bu setler büyük ölçüde işe yaramış durumda.
ABD Başkanı Joe Biden, eyaleti afet bölgesi olarak ilan etti ve çalışmalar için ilave fon sağladı.
Louisiana’da 1 milyondan fazla kişi elektriksiz kaldı. Louisiana’daki en büyük enerji şirketi olan Entergy, elektriği yeniden tesis etmenin günler, hatta haftalar sürebileceğini duyurdu.
Katrina’nın 16. yılında karaya ulaşan Ida Kasırgası, hafta sonu boyunca Meksika Körfezi’ndeki ılık sular üzerinde güç kazandı.
Meksika Körfezi’ndeki petrol üretiminin yüzde 90’ından fazlası da durdurulmuş durumda.
Ardından ise New Orleans’ın güneyindeki Fourchon Limanı’nda karaya vurdu. Kasırga Saffir-Simpson kasırga ölçeğine göre Kategori 4 olarak adlandırıldı.
Louisiana Valisi John Bel Edwards, “Eyaletimiz için gelecek gün ve haftaların ne kadar zor geçeceğine dair hiçbir şüphe yok. Bugün çok fazla insan da hayal bile edemeyeceğimiz şekilde sınanacak. Ancak şunu da söylemeliyim ki, eyalet olarak hiç bu kadar hazırlıklı olmamıştık” diye konuştu.
NBC televizyonunda yayımlanan bir videoda, kasırga nedeniyle, Meksika Körfezi’nin iç kısımlarındaki Cut Off kasabasındaki bir hastanenin çatısının uçtuğu görüldü.
Fırtınaların sıklığı üzerinde iklim değişikliğinin ne kadar büyük bir etkisinin olabileceği tam olarak hala net değil. Fakat deniz yüzeyindeki artan sıcaklık, havayı ısıtarak kasırgaların karaya doğru yönelmesinde enerji sağlıyor.
Sonuç olarak olağanüstü yağışları beraberinde getirmeleri de son derece olası.
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Compare and contrast the endocrine and nervous systems
- the nervous system is fast acting over a short amount of time while the endocrine system is slow reacting over a long period of time
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the ritual of the virtual seeding as well as the satirical representation of a local wedding. The camel symbolizes resistance to adverse conditions because it is an animal that can withstand hunger and thirst, and man’s determination to continue fighting for the best.
Carols are not only sung on Christmas and New Year’s Eve, but also on the day of Epiphany. On the eve of Epiphany, the so-called “agyrmoi” (gathering) of children wander from house to house singing carols. In some parts of Greece, adults do as well, but they are disguised with dreadful faces creating noise with bells hanging on them. The purpose of this behavior is to scare the goblins.
It is a satirical folk ritual celebrated by the Pontus Greeks in Eastern Macedonia. It is represented in the backyards of homes and in squares during the twelve days of celebration. The main protagonist of the ritual is the Momogeros or Kiti Gotsas, along with his troupe which includes the bride and groom, equestrian Ali, the father, the doctor, the musician, the best man, the policeman, two small devils, a pregnant woman and their company.
All the participants wear bells, hides and skins of goats. The Momogeros invades village homes at sunset and engages the landlords in various funny adventures. The kidnapping of the bride also plays a key role, seeing as after repeated fake clashes between the participants, the new couple manage to come together and even get married by the “Pope” that arrives during the end in order to restore some order.
This custom is repeated from house to house under the sounds of Pontic lyra and tabor.
The Washing of the Priest in Thrace
In Sinapli, a village in northern Thrace, when the sanctification was over, every Christian in the neighborhood went to the priest’s home, put the priest in the car and drove him to the spring outside the village. There, they would bathe him, symbolizing the baptism of Christ. One of the Christians would wear one of the priest’s old cassocks and he would pretend to be the priest while the others took him to a different spring. They would return after bathing him, and then the real priest greeted them and they got drunk and danced together.
The Arapides, or Black Men Custom
On the day of Epiphany, in Kavala, Greece, a ritual called “Arapides” (black men) is performed. The custom got its name because the protagonists’ main color is black. Black flocked capes, masks and impressive masks made of goat skin.
Groups of “Arapides” parade in the streets, under the deafening sounds of bells they wear. The two group leaders wrestle until one falls. Then they all gather around the fallen leader and the ritual ends with the resurrection of the dead and a peculiar frantic dance. According to tradition, this custom symbolizes the death of Dionysus by the Titans and his resurrection by Zeus, along with nature’s hibernation, or Winter, and the resurrection of nature, Spring.ag投注限额，作者：尤里今天不复仇
因为执意向俄罗斯订购s400远程地空导弹，土耳其和美国近2年关系变差。土耳其梦寐以求的f-35隐形战斗机，也被美国因为这一理由暂缓交付，双方各执一词，而俄罗斯这时候见缝插针抛出橄榄枝，让土耳其考虑苏-57，虽然俄罗斯诚意十足，但从内政外交多方面来看，土耳其很难购买俄制战机。
最近，土耳其和美国因为购买s400和f-35交付问题闹得不可开交。土耳其外长恰武什奥卢发布声明称，安卡拉将在美国拒绝向其提供f-35战斗机的情况下找到该型战机的替代品，他还补充说，如果美国因为土耳其购买了s400而拒绝向土耳其出口爱国者导弹，土耳其可能还会继续购买俄罗斯的s400导弹。
图片：试飞中的土耳其f-35
而土耳其官方的阿纳多卢通讯社随后报道称，俄罗斯国家技术集团总裁谢尔盖·切梅佐夫表示，如果安卡拉获得f-35战机“有困难”，俄罗斯愿意在向土耳其出售苏-57战斗机问题上开展合作。切梅佐夫在接受采访时说："这些俄罗斯第五代战机具有突出的特点，开辟了出口前景"。
图片：美国及其盟友已大批装备f-35
前不久，苏-57已经获得了出口许可证。
作为俄罗斯重金打造的五代机，虽然在隐形等技术方面，苏-57和f-35差距不小，但它仍然是土耳其能够从市面上购买仅有的几种五代机，土耳其自己在萨博、bae系统公司的帮助下研发tf-x五代机，但明眼人一看就明白，这个项目要成，难度大得很。
图片：苏-57计划今年开始装备俄军
但问题在于，如果真的“胆敢”购买苏-57，土耳其和美国的关系会进一步恶化。
1952年，土耳其就成为北约成员国，作为北约在近东的主要盟友，土耳其的地位十分重要，土耳其境内的因吉尔利克空军基地，是北约向中东投射武力的最大空军基地，驻扎有大批美军、英军和德军战机和数千美军，美国在此部署了多达90枚b61核航弹，土耳其有权根据北约的“核共享”计划，在战时获得北约批准的情况下使用其中的40枚。
图片：因吉尔利克空军基地内的美军战机
因此数十年以来，土耳其军队的武器装备，都是在北约体系内进行更新换代的。
就拿土耳其空军为例，从f-86“佩刀”式战斗机，再到f-100“超级佩刀”，到现役的f-4e“鬼怪”，以及f-16战斗机，都是使用美制战机，土耳其空军拥有的240多架f-16，是北约盟军中除美军外数量最大的同型机用户，美国还准许土耳其的tai公司在本国组装这些“战隼”。
图片：土耳其的f-16c/block50
事实上，别说买俄制战机了，之前想买红旗-9，现在买了s-400，土耳其都承受了美国及其盟友的严厉警告。
在2010年，土耳其一年年度的“安纳托利亚之鹰”空军演习期间，中国空军派出了苏-27（或歼-11）战机远赴小亚细亚半岛与他们训练，土方慎之又慎只派出了f-4“鬼怪”陪练，美国都曾大发雷霆。
图片：2010年，中国空军曾在安纳托利亚之鹰演习期间赴土联合训练
所以，俄罗斯这一回让土耳其买苏-57，也是成功“虎口夺牙”拿下s400大单，让土耳其这个北约成员国加强与俄的政治、军事联系后，一次新的试探。
© Copyright 2018-2019 festrump.com 六寨信息门户网 Inc. All Rights Reserved.گور دختر، آرامگاهی سنگی از دوره هخامنشیان است که در دشت میان کوهی پشت پَر قرار دارد و گمانه زده شده است که این بنا، آرامگاه کوروش کوچک، چیش پیش، آتوسا، ماندانا و یا خواهر کوروش بزرگ است. این آرامگاه، به سبک آرامگاه کوروش بزرگ اما در اندازه کوچک تر ساخته شده است و دارای سقفی شبیه آرامگاه کوروش بزرگ است. باستان شناسان تأیید کرده اند که این اثر، متعلق به دوره هخامنشیان است. کل بنا، از ۲۴ قطعه سنگ در ابعاد مختلف ساخته و بوسیله بست های دم چلچله ای به یکدیگر متصل شده اند. در ساخت این بنا مانند دیگر سازه های ساخته شده توسط معماران هخامنشی، هیچ گونه ملاطی به کار نرفته است. بر بالای این مقبره، قسمتی فرو رفتگی شبیه به یک قاب وجود دارد که احتمالاً جایگاه قرار گرفتن کتیبه ای مربوط به آن بوده است. ارتفاع واقعی بنا، چهار و نیم متر است و در درون اتاقک بنا حوضچه کوچکی وجود دارد. این اثر، در سال ۱۳۷۶، با شماره ثبت ۱۸۹۷، به عنوان یکی از آثار ملی ایران، به ثبت رسیده است.Nella dimensione del contenuto vengono presi in considerazione i messaggi sui momenti più rilevanti dell’interazione. Un feedback che trasmette soltanto i sentimenti, senza riportare i fatti che lo sostengono, non informa l’emittente a quale comportamento specifico si riferisce la comunicazione del partner. Per es. “mi sento confuso”, è un feedback incompleto ed inefficace, perché non specifica il comportamento dell’emittente che provoca questo stato emozionale. Invece: “mi sento confuso quando tu mi dici che ti piace parlare con tuo padre e che, nello stesso tempo, eviti ogni occasione di incontrarlo”, è un feedback nel quale lo stato emozionale “mi sento confuso” viene chiarito dal fatto o tema che porta a questo particolare stato d’animo. I temi riportati o i comportamenti sui quali si vuole dare il feedback devono essere descritti nel modo più concreto possibile, usando le categorie della descrizione fenomenologica. […] Ogni tipo di comunicazione include l’aspetto relazionale, e in modo particolare il feedback, perché attraverso l’autorivelazione si comunica in grado più elevato come vengono sperimentati i vari momenti dell’interazione e la relazione con il partner. Nel caso in cui un partner manifesta esplicitamente all’altro come sperimenta la relazione, dà al feedback una funzione metacomunicativa che diventa decisiva nel proseguimento dell’interazione.
Herbert Franta, Giovanni Salonia, Comunicazione interpersonale. Teoria e pratica, LAS – Roma, 8° ristampa, settembre 2008, pp. 129-130Strain is growing along the Cascadia fault beneath the seabed offshore and, as seismologist Chris Goldfinger told Schulz, “[T[he gap between what we know and what we should do about it is getting bigger and bigger.”
Frequent readers of Dot Earth will know that this particular earthquake threat, especially the danger it poses to hundreds of unreinforced schools, has been a longtime focus of mine. My posts probably add up to far more text than even this New Yorker feature. But the visceral power in long-form storytelling might have more potential to stir a response (one can at least hope). Here’s Schulz’s gut-punch paragraph:
When the next very big earthquake hits, the northwest edge of the continent, from California to Canada and the continental shelf to the Cascades, will drop by as much as six feet and rebound thirty to a hundred feet to the west—losing, within minutes, all the elevation and compression it has gained over centuries. Some of that shift will take place beneath the ocean, displacing a colossal quantity of seawater. (Watch what your fingertips do when you flatten your hand.) The water will surge upward into a huge hill, then promptly collapse. One side will rush west, toward Japan. The other side will rush east, in a seven-hundred-mile liquid wall that will reach the Northwest coast, on average, fifteen minutes after the earthquake begins. By the time the shaking has ceased and the tsunami has receded, the region will be unrecognizable. Kenneth Murphy, who directs FEMA’s Region X, the division responsible for Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Alaska, says, “Our operating assumption is that everything west of Interstate 5 will be toast.”
Here’s the second punch in the one-two sequence:
In the Pacific Northwest, everything west of Interstate 5 covers some hundred and forty thousand square miles, including Seattle, Tacoma, Portland, Eugene, Salem (the capital city of Oregon), Olympia (the capital of Washington), and some seven million people. When the next full-margin rupture happens, that region will suffer the worst natural disaster in the history of North America. Roughly three thousand people died in San Francisco’s 1906 earthquake. Almost two thousand died in Hurricane Katrina. Almost three hundred died in Hurricane Sandy. FEMA projects that nearly thirteen thousand people will die in the Cascadia earthquake and tsunami. Another twenty-seven thousand will be injured, and the agency expects that it will need to provide shelter for a million displaced people, and food and water for another two and a half million. “This is one time that I’m hoping all the science is wrong, and it won’t happen for another thousand years,” Murphy says.
Postscript, 8:00 p.m. | In Oregon, there are fresh signs that people are acting. This note (some email shorthand is adjusted) came in from Ted Wolf, a longtime campaigner for school retrofits:
It’s been a banner year for seismic resilience policy in Oregon — and dollars for retrofits for Oregon schools — $175 million in new investment for school retrofits in the next two years — a 12x increase over the largest authorization we have ever managed before! And an additional $125 million in matching grants for school districts that pass local school bonds. It’s possible the supply of funds will exceed the demand!Il trio Nissan conclude al terzo posto la gara del Nurburgring e si aggiudica il campionato 2015
Katsumasa Chiyo, Wolfgang Reip ed Alex Buncombe sono i campioni 2015 del Blancpain Endurance Series. Il trio Nissan ha concluso l'appuntamento del Nurburgring al terzo posto, conquistando i punti necessari per aggiudicarsi la classifica piloti, dopo aver comandato le operazioni per poi cedere la prima posizione alla McLaren di Kevin Estre, Rob Bell e Shane Van Gisbergen, pariti dalla ventiquattresima posizione.
Da dimenticare la gara del WRT, con Ortelli, Stippler e Richelmi in difficoltà sin dalle qualifiche e giunti soltanto undicesimi al traguardo.
Seconda posizione per Guy Smith, Andy Meyrick e Jonny Kane su Bentley dell'M-Sport, mentre alle loro spalle, come detto, hanno concluso Reip, Buncombe e Chiyo, laureatisi campioni.
Unica consolozione per l'Audi arriva dalla conquista del titolo team in Pro Cup grazie al quarto posto di Robin Frijns, Laurens Vanthoor e Jean-Karl Vernay. Quinta posizione per la seconda Bentley di Buhk, Soulet e Soucek davanti alla Lamborghini del poleman Bortolotti e coadiuvato da Venturini e Zaugg.
Nella categoria Pro Am successo inatteso per la Jaguar Xk del team Emil Frey, con il patron del team incredulo sotto il traguardo in compagnia di Fredy Barth e Gabriele Gardel, mentre nella categoria Am successo per la Ferrari 458 Italia di Barthez e Pons.What is orthodontics?
Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that specializes in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities.
What is an orthodontist?
An orthodontist is a dental specialist who works to prevent malocclusion (a misalignment of teeth or incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches) from occurring and to treat it. An orthodontist utilizes a range of appliance such as braces, plates, headgears, and many other functional tools to help achieve treatment results.
Once an orthodontist completes the education to become a dentist, they then complete a full-time university-based advanced education program that typically lasts 24-36 months. This is different than continuing education in orthodontics that is available to the general dentists. This specialized education gives them the skills required to manage tooth movement and guide facial development.
What are some possible benefits of orthodontics?
A more attractive smile
Reduced appearance-consciousness during critical development years
Better function of the teeth
Increased ability to clean the teeth
Improved force distribution and wear patterns of the teeth
Better long-term health of teeth and gums
Guide permanent teeth into more favorable positions
Reduce the risk of injury to protruded front teeth
Aid in optimizing other dental treatment
What are some signs that braces may be needed?
Upper-front teeth protrude excessively over the lower teeth, or are bucked
Upper-front teeth cover the majority of the lower teeth when biting together (deep bite)
Upper-front teeth are behind or inside the lower-front teeth (underbite)
The upper- and lower-front teeth do not touch when biting together (open bite)
Crowded or overlapping teeth
The center of the upper and lower teeth do not line up
Finger- or thumb-sucking habits that continue after 6 or 7 years old
Teeth wearing unevenly or excessively
The lower jaw shifts to one side or the other when biting together
Spaces between the teeth
At what age should orthodontic treatment occur?
Orthodontic treatment can be started at any age. Many orthodontic problems are easier to correct if detected at an early age before jaw growth has slowed. Early treatment may mean that a patient can avoid surgery and more serious complications.
What is Phase I and Phase II treatment?
Phase I, or early interceptive treatment, is limited orthodontic treatment (i.e. expander or partial braces) before all of the permanent teeth have erupted. Such treatment can occur between the ages of six and ten. This treatment is sometimes recommended to make more space for developing teeth, correction of crossbites, overbites, underbites, or harmful oral habits. Phase II treatment is also called comprehensive treatment, because it involves full braces when all of the permanent teeth have erupted, usually between the ages of eleven and thirteen.
Would an adult patient benefit from orthodontics?
Orthodontic treatment can be successful at any age. Everyone wants a beautiful and healthy smile.
How does orthodontic treatment work?
Braces use steady gentle pressure to gradually move teeth into their proper positions. The brackets that are placed on your teeth and the archwire that connects them are the main components. When the archwire is placed into the brackets, it tries to return to its original shape. As it does so, it applies pressure to move your teeth to their new, more ideal positions.
How long does orthodontic treatment take?
Treatment times vary on a case-by-case basis, but the average time is from 1 to 2 years. Actual treatment time can be affected by rate of growth and severity of the correction necessary. Treatment length is also dependent upon patient compliance. Maintaining good oral hygiene and keeping regular appointments are important in keeping treatment time on schedule.
Do braces hurt?
The placement of bands and brackets on your teeth does not hurt. Once your braces are placed and connected with the archwires you may feel some soreness in your teeth for one to four days. Your lips and cheeks may need 1-2 weeks to get used to the braces on your teeth.
Will braces interfere with playing sports?
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acağınızı merak ediyorsanız (Bayan Delevigne ve 'ciddi' Kaia Gerber dışında, PopSugar ), daha uzağa bakmayın Barbie kendini.
Gibi PopSugar raporlar, eski Barbie bebekleri '60'larda, orijinal üretildikleri yere atıfta bulunmak için sağ ayaklarının altına' Japonya 'kelimesi damgalanmıştı. Şimdi, bu ikonik damgaya bir selam olarak, kadınlar nereden geldiklerini haykırmak için kendi ayak tabanlarına dövme yaptırıyorlar. Delevingne, doğal olarak, bir ayağında var '' (diğeri diyor). Açık ara en popüler tasarım, ve kadar uzak bölgeleri temsil eden 'Made in [buraya ülke ekleyin]' trendiyle Barbie'nin kendisine saygı gösteriyor.
Bununla birlikte, yaratıcı beyinler, en sevdikleri gruplardan ve hatta onların mürekkeplerini alıyor. Barbie'ye ilgi duymayan oyuncak hayranları, Woody tarafından ünlü hale getirilen mürekkeple başka bir ünlü oyuncak tabanlı tek dövme seçebilirler.Oyuncak Hikayesiimtiyaz. Bu dövmeler küçük olabilir, ancak kolayca özelleştirilebilirler ve kendi tarzınıza uygun hale getirilebilirler. Bu mürekkepler, çoğu zaman görünmeyen bir bebek dövmesi arayanlar için özellikle uygundur.
Ancak, ayak tabanlarının dövme yaptırmak için en az uygun yerler olduğunu belirtmek gerekir, çünkü mürekkep çok kolay bir şekilde düşebilir veya patlayabilir (yani düzensiz bir şekilde yayılabilir), bu nedenle iğnenin altına girmeden önce bunu aklınızda bulundurun. İngiltere'nin Modern Vücut Sanatı blogu .Gathered from the Web, the above 2 pictures seem to clearly indicate the night lighting from space to be an excellent proxy for GDP density.
Which can then be helpful to estimate the GDP density of countries where getting reliable GDP data is hard or impossible. Obviously not perfect as there are other variables at play such as light pollution regulations, but probably good enough for generalization.
Unsurprisingly, Africa's wealth is concentrated in South Africa and on the Mediterranean coast. It also accentuates the correlation between water proximity and GDP density (Australia, South America, China)
And North Korea (above top) "shines" as an example of where the light to GDP intensity correlation reveals a country completely outside of the world's wealth growth history. Note that South Korea has roughly twice the population of North Korea
Earth at night from space. NASA. http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=55167Okurlarımız için faydalı olduğunu düşündüğümüz ürünleri dahil ediyoruz. Bu sayfadaki bağlantılardan satın alırsanız, küçük bir komisyon kazanabiliriz. İşte sürecimiz.
Boyun ağrısı nedir?
Boynunuz, kafatasından üst gövdeye uzanan omurlardan oluşur. Servikal diskler, kemikler arasındaki darbeyi emer.
Boynunuzun kemikleri, bağları ve kasları başınızı destekler ve harekete izin verir. Herhangi bir anormallik, iltihaplanma veya yaralanma boyun ağrısına veya sertliğine neden olabilir.
Çoğu insan zaman zaman boyun ağrısı veya sertliği yaşar. Çoğu durumda, kötü duruş veya aşırı kullanımdan kaynaklanır. Bazen boyun ağrısına düşme, temas sporları veya kırbaç darbesinden kaynaklanan yaralanma neden olur.
Çoğu zaman boyun ağrısı ciddi bir durum değildir ve birkaç gün içinde geçebilir.
Ancak bazı durumlarda boyun ağrısı, ciddi bir yaralanma veya hastalığa işaret edebilir ve bir doktor bakımı gerektirebilir.
Bir haftadan uzun süredir devam eden boyun ağrınız varsa, şiddetliyse veya başka semptomlarla birlikte görülüyorsa, derhal tıbbi yardım alın.
Boyun ağrısı veya sertliği çeşitli nedenlerle olabilir.
Bu genellikle aşağıdaki gibi faaliyetler ve davranışlardan kaynaklanır:
Boyun, özellikle boyun kaslarının ve bağlarının normal aralıklarının dışına çıkmaya zorlandığı düşmeler, araba kazaları ve sporlarda yaralanmalara karşı özellikle hassastır.
Boyun kemikleri (boyun omurları) kırılırsa, omurilik de hasar görebilir. Başın ani sarsılmasından kaynaklanan boyun yaralanması genellikle kırbaç.
Boyun ağrısı aynı zamanda bir semptom olabilir. kalp krizi, ancak genellikle aşağıdaki gibi başka kalp krizi semptomları ile kendini gösterir:
Boynunuz ağrıyorsa ve başka kalp krizi belirtileriniz varsa, bir ambulans çağırın veya hemen acil servise gidin.
Menenjit beyin ve omuriliği çevreleyen ince dokunun iltihaplanmasıdır. Menenjiti olan kişilerde, genellikle boyun tutulmasıyla birlikte ateş ve baş ağrısı ortaya çıkar. Menenjit ölümcül olabilir ve tıbbi bir acil durumdur.
Menenjit semptomlarınız varsa, hemen yardım isteyin.
Diğer nedenler şunları içerir:
Nadir durumlarda, boyun sertliği veya ağrı şunlardan dolayı oluşur:
Belirtiler bir haftadan uzun sürerse, doktorunuza danışın. Ayrıca, varsa bir doktora görünmelisiniz:
Bir kaza geçirdiyseniz veya düştiyseniz ve boynunuz ağrıyorsa, derhal tıbbi yardım alın.
Doktorunuz fiziksel bir muayene yapacak ve tüm tıbbi geçmişinizi alacaktır. Doktorunuza belirtilerinizin özelliklerini anlatmaya hazır olun. Ayrıca, aldığınız tüm reçeteli ve reçetesiz (OTC) ilaçlar ve takviyeleri de onlara bildirmelisiniz.
İlgili görünmese bile, yakın zamanda geçirdiğiniz herhangi bir yaralanma veya kazayı doktorunuza da bildirmelisiniz.
Boyun ağrısının tedavisi tanıya bağlıdır. Doktorunuzun ayrıntılı bir geçmişi ve fizik muayenesine ek olarak, doktorunuzun boyun ağrınızın nedenini belirlemesine yardımcı olmak için aşağıdaki görüntüleme çalışmalarından ve testlerden birine veya birkaçına da ihtiyacınız olabilir:
Sonuçlara bağlı olarak doktorunuz sizi bir uzmana sevk edebilir. Boyun ağrısı tedavisi şunları içerebilir:
Alternatif tedaviler şunları içerir:
Bu yöntemleri kullanırken lisanslı bir uzmanla görüştüğünüzden emin olun.
Hafif boyun ağrınız veya sertliğiniz varsa, hafifletmek için şu basit adımları uygulayın:
Çoğu insan, kötü duruş ve kas gerginliği nedeniyle boyun ağrısı çeker. Bu durumlarda, doğru duruş uygularsanız boyun ağrınız geçmeli ve ağrıyorken boyun kaslarınızı dinlendirmelidir.
Boyun ağrınız evde tedavilerle iyileşmiyorsa doktorunuzdan randevu alın.
Bu sayfadaki bir bağlantıyı kullanarak alışveriş yaparsanız, Healthline ve ortaklarımız gelirlerin bir kısmını alabilir.刚开始年初就不太平，
墨尔本居然发生了持枪抢劫案件！一名持枪者，在一个早晨于墨尔本东部向一名司机开枪！
受害人是一名来自Kilsyth的56岁的男子，周五他在Vermont South的HanoverRoadBurwood Highway交通信号灯处停车，罪犯于上午10:50接近了汽车。
罪犯随后拿出枪支，要求该男子下车。受害人拒绝之后，罪犯在逃跑前居然向着车窗开了一枪！
武装犯罪小队的成员们目前正在调查中。
据警方描述，犯罪嫌疑人为男性，非洲人，年龄在20多岁，身高约188厘米，有一头卷曲的黑发。
当时他穿着黑色的连帽套头衫，蓝色的牛仔裤和蓝色的跑步鞋。事件只是虚惊一场，没有人员受伤。警方提醒如果看到和犯罪者描述相符的人，不要接近他。
黑人伤人事件在墨尔本屡次发生
你可能经常会看到这些标题，华裔男子被两黑人持刀尾随进车库遭砍伤抢走轿车。墨尔本商场前黑人青年袭警。还有让人印象深刻的16年墨尔本市区暴走的黑人海…
等等，不计其数。大体来说墨尔本还是安全的，但是随着难民移民的增加，安全风险也有所增加。
结语
虽然小编不想以肤色作为关键词去批判谁，但是有时候黑人青少年实在是嚣张！在大街上看到都想离远一点...毕竟注意自身安全才是最重要的！希望大家都远离有危险的人！远离伤害！Un neonato palestinese è stato chiamato con il nome del terrorista Muhannad Halabi poche ore dopo che questi aveva mortalmente accoltellato gli israeliani Neemia Lavi e Aaron Banita a Gerusalemme, tre giorni fa, ferendo anche Adele Banita e la sua bambina di 2 anni, prima di essere ucciso dalle forze di sicurezza. Ne hanno dato notizia l’agenzia di stampa ufficiale palestinese WAFA e il quotidiano ufficiale dell’Autorità Palestinese. Entrambe le fonti hanno descritto il terrorista come un “eroe del nostro popolo assassinato dall’esercito di occupazione”.به گزارش قاصدنیوز به نقل از فارس، حجتالاسلام علی اصغر لطفی ظهر امروز در جمع خبرنگاران با اشاره به برگزاری نشستهای شورای دبیران و کارگروه عفاف و حجاب شورای مرکزی امر به معروف و نهی از منکر اظهار کرد: مقرر شده بر اساس مصوبات این دو نشست بازدیدهایی از سطح مناطق مختلف شهرداری مشهد صورت گرفته و موارد مورد تذکر در زمینه عفاف و حجاب یادآوری شود.
وی همچنین مهمترین امور انجام شده در این زمینه را مربوط به طرح تفکیک فضاهای کاری بانوان و آقایان در سازمان و مناطق مختلف شهرداری اعلام کرد و افزود: استفاده از ظرفیت شورای اجتماعی محلات برای امر به معروف و نهی از منکر در کنار بازدید دبیران شورای امر به معروف و نهی از منکر از دفاتر پیشخوان و شعب بانک شهر برای تذکر در ارتباط با حجاب از دیگر برنامههای صورت گرفته توسط این شورا است.
لطفی به پیشنهادی در زمینه همکاری معاونت حمل و نقل ترافیک برای حضور نمایندگان بانوان متدین در قطار شهری، اتوبوس و تاکسی برای تذکر در زمینه حجاب اشاره کرد و گفت: بازدید از روند تذکر در مورد عفاف و حجاب در ترمینال از دیگر اموری است که تاکنون توسط این شورا مورد پیگیری قرار گرفته است.
دبیر هسته مرکزی شورای امر به معروف و نهی از منکر شورای اسلامی شهر مشهد همچنین به بازدید از منطقه 5 شهرداری مشهد و بررسی وضعیت اجتماعی و فرهنگی آن اشاره کرد و افزود: در یک نمونه از موارد مربوط به امر به معروف و نهی از منکر با فروشگاه ترهبار و ارزاق عمومی در منطقه 4 پنج تن به دلیل عدم رعایت مسائل مربوط به حجاب و عرضه لباسهای خاص برخورد شد.Significato oggettivo e soggettivo della causa nei contratti
Questa soluzione ha un forte aspetto di debolezza: il contratto è nullo nel caso in cui manchi la causa, che è rimessa ad un fattore individuale e non oggettivabile.
Tutto ciò determina l’insicurezza della circolazione, che deve essere invece tutelata e resa certa.
Inizia nei primi anni del XX secolo un processo di elaborazione dogmatica e un processo normativo attraverso le quali si giunge a formulare un significato oggettivo della causa secondo i seguenti passaggi logici:
- lo spostamento di ricchezza trova causa nel negozio e non può che essere valutato dall’ordinamento.
In questa valutazione, la causa esprime la ratio, la giustificazione dello spostamento diritti; non è quindi il motivo, l’impulso, lo scopo;
- la distinzione fra causa e motivi è netta e individuata con precisione: una cosa è la motivazione individuale, lo scopo, altro è la ragione, il fondamento, la giustificazione del trasferimento.
Questo processo di oggettivazione produce un ulteriore conseguenza: la causa, oltre alla giustificazione dello spostamento di ricchezza, viene identificata e serve a distinguere i vari tipi negoziali predisposti dal legislatore (caratterizza i singoli tipi).
Alla fine di questo percorso teorico la causa svolge due attività fondamentali:
- il controllo dello spostamento di ricchezza realizzato con l’atto di autonomia;
- l’individuazione dei tipi legali.
Continua a leggere:
Altri appunti correlati:
- Il contratto e i suoi approfondimenti
- Diritto Privato
- Diritto privato
- Configurabilità della responsabilità precontrattuale in presenza di un contratto valido
- Diritto Internazionale
Per approfondire questo argomento, consulta le Tesi:
- Il contratto quadro di intermediazione finanziaria. Le regole di condotta e la responsabilità civile degli intermediari finanziari
- Aspetti contabili delle Risorse Umane in azienda
- La nullità di protezione: una nuova concezione di nullità
- L’inefficacia delle clausole vessatorie
- L'elusione fiscale negli ultimi orientamenti giurisprudenziali. L'abuso del diritto.
Puoi scaricare gratuitamente questo appunto in versione integrale.Portakal şurubunu bir çok farklı şekilde değerlendirebilirsiniz. Örneğin sulandırıp içebilirsiniz, kokteyl yapabilirsiniz ya da keklerde sos olarak kullanabilirsiniz.
You can use orange syrup in many different ways. For example, you can dilute it and drink by adding plenty of ice, make cocktails or dampen your cakes.
MALZEMELER:
YAPILIŞI:
INGREDIENTS:
METHOD:In this tutorial of the Python Tutorial Series at blog.codersty.com, I would like to talk to you in the abaout comment line. Although comment lines and description lines seem simple, they are important for developers. Let’s get started.
What is Comment Line ?
Readability, which is an important issue in the software world, is also a very important place in the comment line and description lines. It is a magic wand that allows us to understand someone else’s code or to understand someone else’s code. Especially when you work in a company or when you are in a big project, you will deal with thousands of lines of code. Sometimes you may not even remember to look back at your own code. Here we are developers to solve this problem by writing small notes or explanations in the code we are eliminating this problem.
Using Python Comment Line
It is very simple to use Python recognizes the lines that it sees as
# comment lines and does not process them. Let’s show with an example immediately.
#We have created a variable named txt txt = "Python Tutorials for blog.codersty.com" #We printed the variable text on the screen print (txt)
What if I have to add more than one line to the code ? Do I have to put the # sign on each line, of course, no, if you want to add more than one comment line to the code, just type it in three quotes. Python again recognizes it as a comment line and does not process it. Let’s illustrate with an example.
""" program that adds two numbers """ number1 =5 number2 =4 result = number1+number2 print("Result is :",result)
As you can see, the description lines are different in color. Also, as it appears in your output, Python has again recognized it as a comment line.
Will the comment line and comment lines we add slow down our code? Of course, no comment lines you add to your code will slow down our program. Also, the small notes you add to our codes make you a better developer. As you move along this path, you will find that it is important not only to write code, but also to write legible code so that you can think that writing is an art ?Yahoo奇摩知識+ 將於 2021 年 5 月 4 日 (美國東部時間) 終止服務。自 2021 年 4 月 20 日 (美國東部時間) 起，Yahoo奇摩知識+ 網站將會轉為唯讀模式。其他 Yahoo奇摩產品與服務或您的 Yahoo奇摩帳號都不會受影響。如需關於 Yahoo奇摩知識+ 停止服務以及下載您個人資料的資訊，請參閱說明網頁。
民法第425條之1~~~算是法定地上權嗎??
民法876條寫到~土地及其土地上之建築物，同屬於一人所有，而僅以土地或僅以建築物為抵押者，於抵押物拍賣時，視為已有地上權之設定，其地租由當事人協議定之，協議不諧時，得聲請法院定之。
民法第425條之1：土地及其土地上之房屋同屬一人所有，而僅將土地或僅將房屋所有權讓與他人，或將土地及房屋同時或先後讓與相異之人時，土地受讓人或房屋受讓人與讓與人間或房屋受讓人與土地受讓人間，推定在房屋得使用期限內，有租賃關係~
我是經法院判決符合民法425之1勝訴~~判決確定~~而我拿判決確定書要去登記法定地上權~~卻被承辦人員說不符合法定地上權登記~~~請問大大~~這樣不符合法定地上權嗎??要怎樣才能登記地上權呢??
1 個解答
- lidayshuLv 61 0 年前最佳解答
民法第425條之1是屬於>>>債權關係<<<之「推定有租賃關係存在」而民法876條是屬於具有>>>物權效果<<<之「視為已有地上權之設定」!兩者被法律所定義的方式以及事後所產生之法律效果並不相同！版主不可一概而論之!
坦白說!這兩種狀況看起來很相似，但卻分別規定在民法之債篇以及物權篇，閣下拿著法院明文寫著「法院判決符合民法425之1勝訴~~判決確定~~」之判決書到地政機關去申請地上權登記，就好像拿著西瓜去請求登記為鳳梨！當然無法達成閣下之願望！參考資料： 民法What's worse is that despite a
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Muertos - Day of the Dead.
The christian equivalent of the Day of the Dead is All Souls Day. (NOT BIBLICAL)
The ruinion of souls
To remember and pray for their souls. All Soul's Day in the US.
Halloween and all souls day
All Souls Day is called El Dia de Los Muertos or Day of the Dead in some cultures, especially in Latin America.
Do you mean All Souls' Day? The Day Of The Dead is a holiday celebrated in Mexico and by Latin Americans living in the United States and Canada.
Dead Souls was created in 1842.
All Souls Day or Day of the Dead - Dia de los Muertos.
Katarina in the 'Day of the Dead' of Spanish culture is the first spanish queen who died. She is now celebrated and remembered dearly every year at the end of October and the first and second of November. (Day of the Dead, All Saint's Day, and All Souls' Day)
All Hallows means all souls. All souls Day, used to be known as All-Hallows Evening (or Halloween). it was the day when the Church used to pray for the souls of all the dead, whom it believed were in purgatory, being cleansed of their sins.
Both are religious traditions. Day of the Dead honors the dead. It spans both the Catholic "All Souls' Day" and "All Saints' Day".
All Souls Day - November 2.
The Day of the Dead is actually a three day festival, 31 October, 1 November, and 2 November which coincides with The Vigil of All Saints Day, All Saints Day, and All Souls Day.
Nov. 2 dia de los angelitos... Day of the little angles(kids)
It is a celebration by the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Churches to celebrate the dead. The Catholic Church celebrates it the day after All Saints Day and the Eastern Orthodox churches celebrate All Souls Day several times in the year.
Mexicans celebrate "Dia de los Muertos" or "Day of the Dead." Families gather at the graves of ancestors and bring special treats and gifts for the dead souls. It frequently turns into a picnic as family members share a meal and memories of those who have died.
day of the dead is a spanish holiday, while Halloween is an American holiday. on day of the dead the spanish celebrate and honor the dead, so it is very much like all souls' day. Halloween is when you knock on peoples' doors and ask for candy. I'm pretty sure day of the dead is an official holiday but Halloween is definitely, but unfortunately, not.
Odysseus sacrifices a ram to summon the souls of the dead.
Greedy Dead Souls was created on 2005-04-20.
Mission of Dead Souls was created on 1981-05-29.
The Day of the Dead (Dia de los Muertos) is another name used in some countries for All Souls Day which is observed by Catholics around the world on November 2. It's origins date back (in Mexico) for over 2000 years to indigenous cultures. When these Native Americans were converted to Catholicism, the 'holiday' was merged with the Catholic All Souls Day.
they create a symbolic pathway to lead the souls and spirits out of the ofrenda
day of the dead or El Día de los Muertos or All Souls' DayMarañones and its geography
Where the wine comes from
Singular settings between 650 and 850m in altitude. In the Sierra de Gredos. Made up of a patchwork of vineyards of scenic and oenological value, within the D.O. ‘Vinos de Madrid’.
Gredos and the wine
A privileged location
The Marañones Winery is located southwest of the ‘Comunidad de Madrid’, between Toledo and Ávila. Where the Sierra de Gredos and the Sierra de Guadarrama merge, 70 km away from the capital. In San Martín de Valdeiglesias.
A complete ecological and rural system
The dynamics of change of the last decades in the rural world is noticeable in the area. Nevertheless some fundamental elements remain fully in force. They hold sway over a quality rural life and the relationships between its natural and human components
A geography ideal for wine
The Marañones wine is the result of the geographical factors specific of the eastern end of the Sierra de Gredos. The combination of geology, climate and soils, provides conditions renowned for vine cultivation.
The geographical factors
The geological base
The geology of the area is marked by two main aspects. On the one hand a system of large elevated blocks and depressions separated by faults. On the other hand the permanence of the granite as the predominant rock.
The morphological zones
In the area of San Martín de Valdeiglesias, around the heights of Gredos, there are four zones with clearly differentiated morphologies: 1. The granitic peaks, 2. The high sandy and stony slopes, 3. The middle slopes of sands with residual granite outcrops and 4. The beds and sediments of the valley bottoms.
The orographic conditions
The orientation-exposure of each vineyard and the annual variations of temperatures and rainfall, constitute micro-climatic environments that account for the annual performance of the vineyards. Our production process is dependent upon the climate as defining element of our wines, the attention to each vineyard and the care of its surroundings.
The optimal climate
The dry and temperate Mediterranean climate, with average annual temperatures of around 12 to14ºC, is mitigated by long, cold winters and hot, dry summers. The annual average of precipitations is around 500 to 550 l / m2, falling mainly during the autumn and spring months.
The hydrographic confluence
The merging of the Gredos and Guadarrama mountain ranges and the intense network of faults form an extensive hydrographic network. This network is organised around the Alberche River that feeds the reservoirs of Burguillo, San Juan and Picadas. Its route from west to south, describes a broad turn. It embraces and humidifies the region and moderates the climatic rigours of both summer and winter.
The nutritious soils
The soils come from the natural disintegration of granite. The weather encourages the formation of sandy soils and, to a greater or lesser extent, stony soils, which are the basis of the vineyards of Marañones. The composition of the soils is characterised by its acidity (pH 5.5-7), high levels of silica and low organic matter, which provide a high mineral expression to the grape.
The wine landscape of Marañones
The features of Gredos landscape around the vineyards of Marañones
The gentle and constant
flow of wind,
Create a natural ventilation and cleansing of the vineyards, making them less susceptible to fungal diseases.
of our vineyards
is mostly on the north side, which, given the slope of the plots, facilitates an optimal sun exposure.
The pronounced variation
of intra-day temperatures
throughout the year and especially at critical moments, favours an optimum maturation of the grape.
“orographic protection factor”
The mountain ranges shield the direct influence of the cold winds and the frosts of the north and facilitate the ventilation of the vineyards
The topographical zones encompassing the vineyards of Marañones
The granitic peaks
of the foothills
Above 800m in altitude Eroded reliefs, witnesses of the oldest evolution phases of the landscape.
The sandy and rocky
and granite outcrops, between 750 and 800m alt. They are somewhat steeper. They are areas of high interest for vine cultivation.
The sandy middle hillsides
with residual granite outcrops
with softer slopes and between 650 and 750m alt. They constitute the most usual areas for vine cultivation in the region.
The terraces and riverbeds
at the bottom of the valleys
with highly decanted sands. They are relatively flat surfaces, over 600 m alt.
Residual reliefs linked to the main alignments of the Sierra de Gredos.
of the southern ridge of Gredos
Summits and main slopes of the mountain range. Very fractured granites. Pyrenean oak and pine trees on hillsides. Pastures on summits.
Gredos as a heritage wine landscape
The wine landscapes have been prominent since immemorial times. At Marañones, we approach our plots as cultural wine landscapes. From this deep awareness, we create a synthesis of aesthetics, ethics and knowledge that is conveyed in our wines.
The character of the place+-
Gredos became a heritage site over time, with its network of environmental, geographical, political, cultural and commercial relationships. All these aspects together are born from the wine and are embodied in the wine. They give all its meaning to Gredos and contribute to creating a "character of place", an integral and living territorial identity.
A heritage landscape+-
Our landscape is unique, alive and functional, as a result of natural factors and human input. This conveys the concept of "heritage landscape”. It provides a context and continuity to the wine production. It is part of the cultural importance of the area and a reflection of its anthropology, culture, functionality, identity and beauty.
Understanding the wine landscape in Gredos+-
The rural landscapes of the eastern end of the Sierras de Gredos have kept their organisation in many small areas, land plots and old estates.
The landscape of the region is predominantly marked by the vineyard as a productive unit, mixed with undergrowth due to a gradual abandonment of the vines. Traditionally the agricultural exploitations were family run, with the production surpluses traded at the local and regional markets. The laws concerning land ownership and inheritance have contributed to a complex division of the land.
The Marañones awareness.
The landscape wine+-
Our sensitivity to the essence of the landscape and the wine, led us since 2001, to focus the Marañones project on the recovery of traditional sites of the Gredos vineyard, many of them in processes of decline, although not abandoned totally.
We understand and consider the vineyards as an essential element of the landscape. Our intervention maintains and promotes the essence of the land while renewing it at the same time. Many aspects are indispensable in the development of a quality wine project: the social, economic, technical and organisational. We aim to respect them and foster a balance.
Marañones and the Gredos wine heritage
We approach the landscape as heritage from many points of view. This approach becomes a fundamental feature of our wines.
A unique context
A unique combination of geographical and human elements happens in the eastern mountain chains of Gredos. It makes this region an exceptional area for the development of a unique project around the production of quality wines.
places and vineyards
Marañones Winery is a way of understanding the relationship with the wine landscape. It is a renewed interpretation of an inherited landscape, through an intense process of modernisation and innovation in winemaking.
with the landscape
Our vineyard plots are small, totalling 25 hectares. They are organised production areas, well integrated in the landscape. They respect the traditional features, without disruption from the most innovative aspects of organic agriculture.
A wine region with its own characteristics beyond administrative divisions, with a clear uniqueness. Marañones was ideal to develop our consistent vision and approach. It was calling for a revitalisation of the landscape and a rediscovery of the culture and wine.
The wine landscape at Marañones
At Marañones Winery we work mainly in four areas, Marañones, Andrinoso, Peña Cruzada and Dehesa, which have old, unique and exceptional vineyards with local varieties of grapes.
“Comarca”, “Paraje” and “Parcela” wines
Considering the landscape as an important element in wine making has driven us to organise the production of our wines based on the concepts of Comarca (“Region”), Paraje (“Area”, “Location”) and Parcela (“Land Plot”). These categories allow us to effectively refer to the landscape in the wine.
We seek to reflect the whole of our vineyard through our Comarca wines. Our vineyard is located in four main locations, Andrinoso, Marañones, Peña Cruzada and La Dehesa, located between 650 and 850 meters of altitude. The vinification of each plot takes place separately, to better assess what the plot can contribute in each vintage. Comarca wines or Pueblo wines result from the assembly of multiple wines into one. In the case of the Garnacha, the wine will be 30,000 maravedíes, and in the case of the Albillo Real, picarana.
A Paraje wine is assembled from plots located next to each other. These plots share a similar microclimate, orientation and altitude, as well as the same type of grape and age. In the case of the Paraje wine, we wish to highlight the specificities of these vineyards compared to those used for the Comarca or Pueblo wine. This wine will be the “older sibling” of our Comarca wine. We offer under this concept a wine 100 percent Garnacha called marañones and another one 100 percent from local grapes called darío.
Last but not least, to complete the family, we have the eldest sibling: the Parcela wine. The Parcela wine comes from a single vineyard. By its characteristics, the age of the plant, the microclimate, the orientation, the altitude, the Parcela wine clearly conveys its uniqueness and quality. We offer three very different Parcela wines: piesdescalzos, 100 percent Albillo Real, labros, 100 percent Garnacha, and peña caballera, 100 percent Garnacha. Our expertise of the vineyards and of wine production bears its fruit through careful and methodical team work. This is how we draw out the essence of the vine landscape as faithfully as possible.STORY WRITTEN FOR CBS NEWS & USED WITH PERMISSION
A Russian Soyuz spacecraft streaked into space and chased down the International Space Station Tuesday, but a problem with the ferry ship’s automated rendezvous system forced commander Yuri Malenchenko to take over manual control at the last minute. After backing away and assessing the ship’s alignment and control, he deftly guided the craft in for docking at the lab’s Rassvet module to complete a four-orbit rendezvous.
While manual dockings are relatively rare, Malenchenko, one of Russia’s most experienced cosmonauts and a veteran of five previous flights, had no problem lining back up on the Rassvet docking target and the ship nosed into the attachment mechanism at 12:33 p.m. EST (GMT-5).
“Well, we have finally arrived,” Malenchenko radioed after the Soyuz was pulled into place.
The dramatic manual docking came just six hours after Malenchenko, NASA flight engineer Timothy Kopra and British astronaut Timothy Peake thundered away from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 6:03:10 a.m. EST (GMT-5; 5:03 p.m. local time).
Taking off under a clear blue sky about an hour before sunset, the workhorse rocket, mounted atop the same launch pad used by Yuri Gagarin at the dawn of the space age, climbed away to the east atop a torrent of brilliant exhaust, leaving a crackling roar in its wake.
Television views from inside the central crew module showed Malenchenko calmly monitoring cockpit displays with Kopra, acting as co-pilot, strapped in to his left. In another view, Peake, strapped in on Malenchenko’s right, flashed a vigorous thumbs up.
Providing a rare, if not unprecedented view, live television from the International Space Station provided an unusual shot of the Soyuz climbing toward space behind the lab complex, the rocket’s gossamer exhaust plume clearly visible against the limb of the Earth.
The ascent appeared to go smoothly and about nine minutes after liftoff, the rocket’s third stage shut down and the Soyuz TMA-19M spacecraft was released to fly on its own. A few moments after that, the spacecraft’s solar arrays unfolded and navigation antennas snapped into place.
The space station passed over the launch site a few minutes before liftoff and by the time the Soyuz reached orbit, the lab was some 1,983 miles ahead. The ferry ship executed a seemingly flawless automated rendezvous with the station, closing in for final approach four orbits later, around 12:15 p.m.
But at the last minute, the spacecraft suddenly began backing away and Malenchenko took over manual control. It’s not yet known what interrupted the automated approach, but the manual system appeared to work normally and in any case, Malenchenko had no problems completing the rendezvous.
Two-and-a-half hours after docking, at 2:58 p.m., leak checks were finally complete, hatches were opened and Malenchenko, Kopra and Peake floated into the space station, welcomed aboard with hugs, smiles and handshakes by Expedition 46 commander Scott Kelly, Mikhail Kornienko and Sergey Volkov.
Following space station tradition, the combined six-member crew gathered in the Zvezda command module for a brief video chat with friends and families at Baikonur.
“We had a great day today, but I think you had a better one,” Kopra’s wife, Dawn, radioed. “It was a beautiful launch.”
“Thank you, we enjoyed the ride,” Kopra replied. “We’ve been on station here for about, oh, three minutes now. It’s pretty nice to be here!”
Peake, the only rookie on the crew, was asked how he enjoyed the view from the Soyuz.
“It was a beautiful launch,” he said. “We got launched straight into night and got on with the work. But that first sunrise was absolutely spectacular, and we also got the benefit of a moonrise on the first orbit as well, which was beautiful to see.”
Last Friday, three other crew members — Oleg Kononenko, Kimiya Yui and Kjell Lindgren — departed and returned to Earth aboard the Soyuz TMA-17M spacecraft to close out a 141-day mission.
With the arrival of Malenchenko and his crewmates, the station crew will be back up to full strength for a busy few days of work before a break for the Christmas holiday.
While the new crew gets familiar with the lab complex, work to unload an ATK Cygnus cargo ship that arrived last Wednesday will continue amid preparations for the arrival of a Russian Progress cargo ship on Dec. 23.
Among the items on board the Cygnus are holiday gifts for the crew and a refurbished spacesuit that may be used in mid January for a spacewalk to replace a shorted-out solar array component that has knocked one of the station’s power channels out of action.
Then, on Feb. 3, Malenchenko and Volkov plan to venture outside for a Russian spacewalk. Another U.S. spacewalk is planned in April to continue work to rig the station for installation of new docking mechanisms needed by commercial crew ships being built by Boeing and SpaceX.
Along with the spacewalks, Malenchenko, Kopra and Peake expect up to six visiting supply ships during their stay in orbit. Along with the Progress launch on Dec. 21 and docking two days later, SpaceX plans to resume station resupply flights in early February following a launch failure last June.
Two more Cygnus missions are expected before the new crew departs on June 5
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度中，我们是神自由的儿女。风笛吹响，天使欢唱……"Che cosa fai per vivere?" Ai disoccupati o ai sottoccupati queste parole possono scatenare un'ondata di ansietà e imbarazzo. I livelli di stress e il disagio emotivo sono alle stelle nel mondo del lavoro. Un recente studio di Rutgers sui lavoratori americani disoccupati ha mostrato che il 77% era stressato, il 64% si sentiva ansioso, il 61% ha riferito di sentimenti di impotenza e il 54% era senza speranza. (Van Horn, 2009) Le turbolenze e le tensioni finanziarie create dalla disoccupazione possono avere un profondo impatto sugli ormoni e sui neurochimici che influenzano le scelte alimentari. Oggi, con la disoccupazione che si aggira intorno al 9%, milioni di americani sono a rischio di depressione e il mangiare emotivo che lo accompagna. Il mangiare emotivo è guidato non solo dal comportamento, ma anche dall'interazione di ormoni dello stress e comunicatori chimici che influenzano l'appetito, lo stoccaggio di grasso e il desiderio di cibo.
La ricerca ha dimostrato che i sentimenti di ansia, sconfitta, rabbia e depressione sono comuni nei senza lavoro. Questi sono sintomi di stress o stress "di minaccia" associati a situazioni esigenti in cui non si hanno le risorse o le capacità di coping necessarie per affrontare il disagio emotivo. Poiché l'identità personale e l'autostima sono spesso ancorate all'occupazione, i fattori di stress delle minacce, come la perdita del lavoro, mettono in discussione il concetto di sé sociale che genera profondi sentimenti di imbarazzo e paura. L'esposizione costante allo stress delle minacce può liberare un'ondata di ormoni potenzialmente in grado di alterare la forma del corpo e le abitudini alimentari. (Adam, TC, 2007)
Lo stress da minaccia, in particolare, è un potente innesco dell'asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene (HPA). Una volta attivata l'HPA, i livelli di cortisolo esplodono. Il cortisolo è un potente ormone che alimenta l'appetito per cibi ricchi di grassi, zuccheri e calorie. Questi cosiddetti alimenti altamente appetibili inducono sostanze chimiche come la dopamina e gli oppioidi, che a loro volta innalzano l'umore modificando temporaneamente la risposta dell'HPA. La sensazione di felicità a breve termine provocata dal gelato e dalle patatine fritte può portare sollievo alla persona stressata, ma l'attivazione cronica del percorso della ricompensa può portare ad adattamenti neurochimici che promuovono l'eccesso di cibo.
Un sacco di clienti disoccupati che cercano consigli sulla gestione del peso si sono lamentati del peso della "ruota di scorta" che non riescono a perdere nonostante i loro migliori sforzi. Quindi c'è un legame tra disoccupazione, alti livelli di cortisolo e aumento di peso? Oltre a influenzare l'appetito, il cortisolo favorisce la forma del corpo "mela" dove il peso è impacchettato intorno alla sezione mediana. Alcuni studi hanno dimostrato che i livelli di cortisolo sono, in effetti, elevati nei disoccupati. (Grossi G 2001) Considera anche che l'aumento di peso è un "effetto collaterale" della disoccupazione o anche la minaccia di perdere il lavoro, suggerendo che lo status occupazionale influenza il peso corporeo. (Smith, T. 2009) Ma il cortisolo è solo una parte potenziale del ciclo di guadagno di peso-depressione-disoccupazione.
Cravings, noia, frustrazione, rabbia e stress possono indurre alcuni a fare una beeline per il congelatore più vicino a prendere un ½ gallone di biscotti e crema. Affrontare lo stress alimentando i sentimenti con il cibo può innescare un temporaneo senso di benessere e calma. I cibi ricchi e cremosi stimolano gli oppioidi mentre gli snack zuccherini migliorano la produzione di serotonina. La serotonina, nota come neurotrasmettitore "sentirsi bene", è influenzata dall'assunzione di carboidrati, quindi quando i livelli di serotonina diminuiscono, si verificano spesso voglie di carboidrati famelici. È opinione diffusa che i bassi livelli di serotonina abbiano un ruolo nella depressione. Lo stress cronico, il cortisolo elevato e la mancanza di esercizio sembrano esaurire la serotonina. Per alcuni, questo esaurimento cronico può innescare abbuffate di carboidrati che portano intestino panciuto e cicche ampie.
Considerando la biologia dello stress eating, non sorprende che il mantra di "mangiare solo meglio" non sia ascoltato. Combattere l'aumento di peso della disoccupazione significa affrontare il mangiare emotivo e sopprimere la tempesta di cortisolo.
Mangiare emotivo significa:
Per frenare i comportamenti alimentari emotivi, prova quanto segue:
Per far fronte al cortisolo:
La disoccupazione ha effetti di vasta portata sulla salute mentale e fisica. Riconoscere i segni della depressione e cercare aiuto sono importanti. Diverse agenzie ora offrono consulenza a basso costo ai disoccupati. Da un punto di vista nutrizionale, il mangiare emotivo associato ai cambiamenti neurochimici e ormonali può contribuire all'aumento di peso. Modificare i messaggi di consulenza nutrizionale per affrontare lo stato lavorativo può essere più efficace nel cambiare i comportamenti alimentari e l'aumento di peso dell'occupazione.Moo-carb diyeti, kilo kaybını kısıtlayan ve arsenik gibi karbonhidratları elde eden bir diyettir.
Genel olarak kalori kısıtlaması, kısa devre terminalindeki açıyı kaybetmenin operasyonel bir yoludur. Bir çeşit antiophthalmic faktörü "sıçrama tahtası" olacak, ciddi kilo kaybı, kilo kaybı ve ay için haftalık bir süre içinde kazanmak için gereken yol açabilir.Değerli ve süper alaşımların özellikleri.
Zorlu ortamlarda yüksek anti-korozyon performansları elde etmek için özel alaşımların kullanılması gerekmektedir.
Süper alaşımlar, çok yüksek Krom, Nikel, Molibden içeriği ile karakterize edilirler ve Inconel, Incolloy, Hastelloy, Monels ailelerini kapsarlar. Bu alaşımlar, aşınma direncini sağlamak için aşağıdaki işlemlere tabi tutulmalıdır:
- Kuvvetlendirilmiş ürünlerle yağsızlaştırma, yakıcı ön-yağsızlaştırma
- Malzeme cinsine göre özel dekapajlar
- Pasivasyon ve güçlendirilmiş pasifliğin son testleri
پنجشنبه، 25 مرداد 1397 ساعت 06:122018-08-16بين الملل
خروج دونالد ترامپ از قرارداد هسته ای ایران وعده اصلی مبارزات انتخاباتی ریاست جمهوری او بود.
تازه اولین مجموعه تحریم های آمریکا در ماه جاری اعمال شد؛ - ورود "ترامپ" به مرحه ای دشوار : آیا اتحادیه اروپا، چین و هند با تحریم های نفتی آمریکا همراهی خواهند کرد؟ " خروج دونالد ترامپ از قرارداد هسته ای ایران وعده اصلی مبارزات انتخاباتی ریاست جمهوری او بود.
تازه اولین مجموعه تحریم های آمریکا در ماه جاری اعمال شد؛ اما عیار واقعی تلاش های دولت برای فشار بر ایران در ماه نوامبر مشخص خواهد شد.
نواندیش": خروج دونالد ترامپ از قرارداد هسته ای ایران وعده اصلی مبارزات انتخاباتی ریاست جمهوری او بود.
تازه اولین مجموعه تحریم های آمریکا در ماه جاری اعمال شد؛ اما عیار واقعی تلاش های دولت برای فشار بر ایران در ماه نوامبر مشخص خواهد شد.
به گزارش سایت قطره و به نقل ازنواندیش"، موسسه اقتصادی پترسون در مورد بازگشت تحریم هاعلیه ایران نوشت: آمریکا در این ماه باید اتحادیه اروپا، چین و هند را برای کاهش خرید نفت از ایران متقاعد کند.
اکنون بحث اصلی این است که تا چه اندازه این کشورها با آمریکا همراهی می کنند.
تاکنون بر اثر کمپین فشار ترامپ، چندین شرکت چند ملیتی از جمله توتال، زیمنس، بویینگ و پژو ارتباط خود با ایران را قطع کرده اند.
با تسریع تحریم ها، دولت ترامپ تلاش می کند تا ایران را مجبور به مذاکره دوباره درباره برجام کند.
ترامپ قصد دارد محدودیت های جدیدی را بر ایران اعمال کند و در نهایت این کشور را مجبور سازد تا برنامه هسته ای خود را کامل رها نماید.
علاوه بر این، مقامات آمریکایی می خواهند درآمدهای ایران را به صفر برسانند.
از نظر آن ها به صفر رسیدن درآمد ایران می تواند مانع از پیشرفت برنامه موشکی، مشارکت در درگیری های سوریه و یمن و حمایت از تروریسم بین المللی شود.
اما برای دستیابی به موفقیت، آمریکا باید با مشتریان اصلی ایران نظیر اروپا، چین و هند همکاری کند.
آن ها باید واردات نفت از ایران را به شکل چشمگیری کاهش دهند تا سیاست های آمریکا به نتیجه برسد.
کمک گرفتن در شرایط فعلی که آمریکا جنگ تجاری بزرگی را با چین و اروپا آغاز کرده، چالش برانگیز خواهد بود.
تحریم های مجدد ایران در شرایط آسیب پذیر فعلی به این کشور ضربه می زند.
سوءاستفاده اقتصادی فراگیر و همراه با تحریم های حاشیه ای که مانع تجارت مستقیم ایران با جهان می شود به اضافه مهار رشد تجارت خارجی و سرمایه گذاری در ایران، اقتصاد این کشور را تضعیف کرده است.
این ضعف اقتصادی موجب شد که ارزش ریال در بازارهای ارزی کاهش یابد و بودجه ایران به شکل عجیبی افت کند.
اولین مجموعه تحریم های آمریکا که چند روز پیش اعمال شد، مانع معاملات تجاری و مالی با ایران می شود.
دومین مجموعه تحریم ها در ماه نوامبر بخش انرژی ایران را هدف قرار خواهد داد تا بدین شکل بر سر عمده منابع درآمدی ایران مانع تراشی کند.
در صورت تحقق، دور دوم تحریم ها تأثیری فراگیرتر از آنچه قبلاً اجرا شده، خواهد داشت.
صادرات انرژی ایران در سال مالی منتهی به پایان 2012حدود 64 میلیارد دلار بوده است.
در سال مالی اخیر نفت و گاز تقریباً دو سوم صادرات ایران را به خود اختصاص داده است.
در نیمه دوم سال 2017، ایران حدود 2،4 میلیون تا 2،6 میلیون بشکه در روز نفت خام صادر کرده است.
براساس اطلاعات موسسه حمل و نقلی در پاریس، در سه ماهه دوم سال 2018، اتحادیه اروپا، چین و هند، به عنوان مشتریان اصلی ایران و اهداف پیش بینی شده برای تحریم های آمریکا، حدود 2.
1 میلیون بشکه در روز از ایران نفت وارد کرده اند.
با توجه به وابستگی این کشورها به انرژی ایران، قطع کردن این خریدها کاملاً بعید است، اما تلاش های دولت ممکن است حداقل میزان خرید آن ها را به نصف کاهش دهد، اتفاقی که اگر رخ دهد باز هم در درآمدهای ایران به چشم خواهد آمد.
آیا اتحادیه اروپا، چین و هند با تحریم های نفتی آمریکا همراهی خواهند کرد؟تا به امروز، اقدامات ترامپ به وضوح به تلاش های آمریکا برای متقاعد کردن سایر کشورها جهت تحریم نفت ایران لطمه زده است.
اتحادیه اروپا پنج سال پیش خرید خود را از ایران متوقف کرد، اما اکنون تمایلی به انجام این کار ندارد چرا که اگر صادرات نفت ایران متوقف شود، ایران از برجام خارج خواهد شد.
علاوه بر این، تعرفه های دولت ترامپ در برابر فولاد اروپایی و تهدیدات وارده آن به تجارت اتحادیه اروپا در حوزه خودروها و قطعات، سایه سنگینی را بر روابط آمریکا و اتحادیه اروپا افکنده است.
این موضوع باعث شده که کشورهای عضو اتحادیه اروپا با اقدامات آمریکا علیه ایران همکاری نکنند.
اخیراً توافقنامه ترامپ-یونکر به طور موقت بحران بین آمریکا و اتحادیه اروپا را به تعویق انداخت اما اتحادیه اروپا همکاری با آمریکا برای اعمال فشار به ایران را نپذیرفت.
به دنبال آن تلاش های آمریکا برای متقاعد کردن چین نیز به نتیجه نرسید، چرا که ترامپ در حال حاضر 50 میلیارد دلار از صادرات چین به آمریکا را هدف قرار داده و تهدید کرده 200 میلیارد دلار تعرفه های بیشتر برای دیگر محصولات چینی اعمال می کند.
گزارش ها حاکی است که مقامات چینی از کاهش واردات نفت ایران خودداری کرده اند.
برای هند نیز چنین اتفاقی رخ داد و این کشور هدف تعرفه های فولادی آمریکا قرار گرفت، دولت نخست وزیر نارندرا مودی در ماه های اخیر خرید نفت خود از ایران را افزایش داده است.
ممکن است که هند به خاطر دستیابی به توافق دفاعی و امنیتی با آمریکا میزان خرید خود از ایران را اندکی کاهش دهد، اما بعید است که این کشور واردات خود از ایران را به پایین تر از سطح معمول خود برساند.
شاید به دلیل این چالش ها، بازارهای نفت و بازارهای مالی غربی همچنان جنبه هایی از وفاداری نسبت به ترامپ داشته باشند.
اگر آن ها خرید نفت ایران را قطع نکنند، بازارها باید پیش بینی وعده ای از سوی آمریکا رادارند که منجر به کاهش خرید نفت ایران در ازای معافیت های تعرفه ای می شود.
چنین انتظاری غیر منطقی نیست و انتظار می رود صادرات نفت ایران نسبت به سال 2015کاهش یابد و از 1.
3 میلیون بشکه در روز به 800 هزار برسد.
در زمان، امضای برجام بازارهای جهانی نفت شرایط تعادلی ای داشتند و قیمت ها نیز پایین بودند.
امروز قیمت نفت خام برنت به میزان 50 درصد نسبت به سال قبل افزایش یافته است .
مقامات آمریکا فقط برای رسیدن به نتایج قبلی تحریم ها در سال 1395 کار خواهند کرد.
ترامپ و مقامات وزارت امور خارجه تا امروز درخواست برخی کشور ها مبنی بر معافیت از تحریم های ایران را نپذیرفته اند.
در دستور اجرایی رییس جمهور به تاریخ 16 مرداد که بخش آخر تحریم ها است، این سیاست دوباره شرایط را به دوران اوباما بر می گرداند.
در دوران اوباما نیز آمریکا به دنبال به صفر رساندن صادرات نفت خام ایران بود.
با فرض اعمال تحریم های جدید، صادرات نفت ایران به حدود 1 میلیون بشکه در روز کاهش می یابد، تولید بیشتر عربستان سعودی و کاهش ذخایر نفتی ممکن است در کوتاه مدت تأثیرات تحریم و قطع تولید در ونزوئلا و سایر نقاط از جمله ایران را جبران کند.
با این وجود، بیشترین ظرفیت اضافی موجود در کشورهای بزرگ تولید کننده نفت را از بین می برد و آسیب پذیری پیش بینی نشده ای را در حوزه عرضه به وجود می آورد.
در کنار این خطر، یک اتفاق قابل توجه و پیش بینی شده مانند تحریم ایران احتمالاً موجب بی ثباتی بازارها و افزایش قیمت نفت خواهد شد.
سازمان بین المللی دریانوردی (IMO) مقرراتی را صادر کرده که در سال 1399 اجرایی خواهند شد.
در این قانون سوخت های دریایی باید به یک استاندارد و میزان پایین گوگرد 0.
5 درصد برسند.
سوخت دریایی تقریباً 6 درصد از تقاضای جهانی برای محصولات نفتی را تشکیل می دهد و حدود 3 میلیون بشکه در روز باید از سوخت بالا به سوخت کم سولفور برای فعالیت های کشتیرانی تبدیل شود.
اکنون پالایشگاه ها برای پاسخگویی به این تقاضا به خوبی مجهز نیستند و به همین خاطر قیمت نفت خام و تقطیر آن نیز می تواند به شدت افزایش یابد.
در آخرین گزارش بازار نفت، آژانس بین المللی انرژی به طور محسوسی قیمت سوخت کم سولفور را با توجه به مقررات سازمان بین المللی دریانوردی افزایش خواهد داد.
به نظر می رسد در سیاست آمریکا چنین موضوعی درنظر گرفته نشده است.
با توجه به شرایط فعلی بازار نفت، سیاست گذاران آمریکایی باید بدانند که تحریم نفتی ایران ممکن است یک شوک نفتی در بازارهای جهانی ایجاد کند.
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via della Panama, per US$40 milioni, di cui $30 milioni collegati a scavi completati, originalmente nel Taglio di Gaillard (allora chiamò il Taglio di Culebra), valutato a circa 1,00$ per iarda cubica. Gli Stati Uniti anche pagarono il nuovo paese della Panama $10 milioni più 250.000$ più ogni anno. (Nel 1921, gli Stati Uniti pagarono la Colombia US$10 milioni, più 250.000 US$ all'anno durante parecchi anni; in cambio, la Colombia ha riconosciuto la Panama secondo i termini del Trattato di Thomson-Urrutia.)
Costruzione degli Stati Uniti, 1904–1914
Gli Stati Uniti in modo formale presero il controllo della proprietà di canale il 4 maggio 1904, ereditando dei francesi una forza lavoro vuotata e un disordine vasto di edifici, infrastruttura e attrezzature, la gran parte di loro in condizione cattiva. Una commissione governativa degli Stati Uniti, Isthmian Canal Commission (ICC), è stata fondata per sorvegliare la costruzione e è stata data il controllo della Zona di Canale di Panama, sopra cui gli Stati Uniti hanno esercitato la sovranità. La commissione ha riferito direttamente a Segretario di guerra di William Howard Taft e è stata ordinata di evitare l'inefficienza e la corruzione che aveva tormentato i 15 anni francesi ancora prima.
Il 6 maggio 1904, il presidente Theodore Roosevelt nominò John Findlay Wallace, precedentemente l'ingegnere capo e finalmente il direttore generale dell'Illinois la Ferrovia Centrale, come ingegnere capo del Progetto di Canale di Panama. Sopraffatto dal paese tormentato con la malattia e costretto a usare l'infrastruttura francese spesso caduca e le attrezzature, così com'esser frustrato dall'ICC troppo burocratico, Wallace si dimise bruscamente in giugno 1905. È stato successo da John Frank Stevens, un ingegnere autocolto che aveva costruito la Grande Ferrovia Del nord. Stevens non è stato un membro dell'ICC; sempre più ha visto la sua burocrazia come un ostacolo serio e è finito evitare la commissione e mandare richieste e le richieste direttamente all'amministrazione di Roosevelt in Washington.
Uno dei raggiungimenti primari di Stevens in Panama è stato in costruzione e ricostruzione dell'alloggio, i self-service, gli alberghi, i sistemi dell'acqua, i negozi di riparazione, i magazzini e altra infrastruttura necessaria dalle migliaia di lavoratori subentranti. Stevens ha cominciato lo sforzo di reclutamento di sedurre migliaia di lavoratori dagli Stati Uniti e altre aree venire alla Zona di Canale per lavorare, e ha provato a provvedere l'alloggio in cui i lavoratori subentranti potevano lavorare e vivere in sicurezza ragionevole e comfort.
Nel 1905, un pannello metalmeccanico degli Stati Uniti fu incaricato di fare una revisione del progetto di canale, che ancora non era stato completato. Ha raccomandato al presidente Roosevelt un canale di livello del mare, com'era stato tentato dai francesi. Comunque, gli studi metalmeccanici più vasti hanno favorito un canale usando un sistema di serratura per alzare e abbassarsi navi da un gran serbatoio al di sopra di livello del mare. Questo creerebbe entrambi la più grande diga (la Diga di Gatun) e il più gran lago artificiale (il Lago Gatun) nel mondo in quel tempo. L'acqua per riempire le serrature sarebbe presa dal Lago Gatun aprendosi e chiudendo porte enormi e le valvole e lasciando la gravità azionare l'acqua dal lago. Il Lago Gatun si connetterebbe al Pacifico attraverso le montagne al Taglio di Gaillard (Culebra). Stevens con successo ha discusso il caso contro il canale di livello del mare, convincendo Roosevelt della necessità e fattibilità dello schema alternativo.
La costruzione di un canale con serrature ha richiesto lo scavo di più che un supplementare di materiale oltre allo scavato dai francesi. Il più rapidamente possibile, gli americani hanno sostituito o hanno fatto passare a potenza superiore le attrezzature francesi vecchie, inutilizzabili con nuova attrezzatura di costruzione che è stata progettata per una scala molto più grande e più rapida di lavoro. Circa 102 nuove pale di vapore grandi, montate dalla ferrovia sono state acquistate e introdotte dagli Stati Uniti. A questi si sono uniti le gru azionate dal vapore enormi, i frantoi di roccia idraulici giganti, i frullatori di cemento, le draghe e le esercitazioni di potere pneumatiche, quasi il tutto di cui è stato fabbricato da tecnologia costruente la macchina nuova, vasta sviluppata e costruita negli Stati Uniti. La ferrovia anche doveva esser in modo comprensibile fatta passare a potenza superiore con rotaie dure, doppio inserite sopra la maggior parte della linea per adattare la nuova provvista di rotolamento. In molti posti, il nuovo Lago Gatun inondato sopra la linea di rotaia originale e una nuova linea doveva esser costruito al di sopra della linea di galleggiamento del lago Gatun.
Il colonnello William C. Gorgas fu nominato l'ufficiale di misure igieniche principale del progetto di costruzione di canale nel 1904. Gorgas ha attuato una gamma di misure per minimizzare la diffusione di malattie mortali, particolarmente malaria e febbre gialla, che era stata recentemente mostrata esser portata dalla zanzara in seguito al lavoro del dr. Carlos Finlay e il dr. Walter Reed. C'è stato investimento in progetti di misure igieniche vasti, compreso sistemi d'acqua di città, suffumigazione di edifici, spruzzatura di aree allevamento dell'insetto con olio e larvicide, installazione di reticella di zanzara e schermi di finestra ed eliminazione d'acqua stagnante. Dopo di due anni di lavoro vasto, le malattie sparse dalla zanzara furono quasi eliminate (vedi anche misure di salute durante la costruzione del Canale di Panama). Tuttavia, perfino con tutto questo sforzo, circa 5.600 lavoratori sono morti di malattia e incidenti durante la fase di costruzione degli Stati Uniti del canale.
Nel 1907, Stevens si dimise come ingegnere capo. La sua sostituzione, nominata dal presidente Theodore Roosevelt, è stata il maggiore militare degli Stati Uniti George Washington Goethals del Corpo militare degli Stati Uniti di Ingegneri (presto per esser promossa in tenente colonnello e più tardi in colonnello), un leader formato dalla scuola militare forte, degli Stati Uniti e un ingegnere civile. Goethals dirigerebbe il lavoro in Panama a una conclusione di successo.
Goethals ha diviso il lavoro di scavo e d'ingegneria in tre divisioni: Atlantico, Centrale, e il Pacifico. La divisione Atlantica, ai tempi del maggiore William L. Sibert, è stata responsabile di costruzione del frangiflutti massiccio all'entrata in Baia Limon, le serrature di Gatun e il loro canale di approccio e la Diga Gatun immensa. La Divisione Pacifica, ai tempi di Sydney B. Williamson (l'unico membro civile di questo team ad alto livello), è stata allo stesso modo responsabile del frangiflutti Pacifico in Baia della Panama, il canale di approccio alle serrature, e le serrature di Pedro Miguel e di Miraflores e le loro dighe associate e i serbatoi.
La divisione Centrale, ai tempi del maggiore David du Bose Gaillard del Corpo militare degli Stati Uniti di Ingegneri, è stata assegnata una delle parti più difficili: lo scavare del Taglio di Culebra attraverso la divisione continentale per collegare il Lago Gatun alle serrature di Canale di Panama Pacifiche.
La costruzione del canale fu completata nel 1914, 401 anni dopo che la Panama fu prima attraversata da Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Gli Stati Uniti hanno speso quasi 375.000.000$ (brutalmente equivalente a 8.600.000.000$ adesso) per finire il progetto. Questo è stato di gran lunga il più gran progetto metalmeccanico americano fino a oggi. Il canale fu in modo formale aperto il 15 agosto 1914, con il passaggio della nave da carico.
Nel corso di questo tempo, Ernest "Rosso" Hallen fu assunto dalla Commissione di Canale Isthmian per documentare il progresso del lavoro.
Sviluppi successivi
:See anche sviluppi Futuri, sotto.
Prima degli anni 1930 si vide che l'approvvigionamento idrico sarebbe un problema per il canale; questo ha spinto la costruzione della Diga Fare impazzire attraverso il Fiume Chagres al di sopra del Lago Gatun. La diga, completata nel 1935, creata Fa impazzire il Lago (più tardi il Lago Alajuela), che provvede l'immagazzinamento dell'acqua supplementare per il canale. Nel 1939, la costruzione cominciò su un miglioramento principale ulteriore: una nuova serie di serrature per il canale, abbastanza grande per portare le più grandi navi da guerra che gli Stati Uniti costruivano al momento e avevano progettato di continuare di costruire. Il lavoro procedè durante parecchi anni, e lo scavo importante fu effettuato sui nuovi canali di approccio, ma il progetto fu cancellato dopo Seconda guerra mondiale.
Dopo Seconda guerra mondiale, controllo degli Stati Uniti del canale e la Zona di Canale il dintorno di esso è diventato controverso; le relazioni tra la Panama e gli Stati Uniti sono diventate sempre più tese. Molti panamensi hanno pensato che la Zona di Canale legittimamente ha appartenuto alla Panama; le proteste studentesche sono state incontrate dalla cinta - nella zona e una presenza militare aumentata là. Le domande degli Stati Uniti per consegnare il canale alla Panama sono aumentate dopo la Crisi Suez nel 1956, quando la pressione finanziaria e diplomatica usata degli Stati Uniti per costringere la Francia e il Regno Unito ad abbandonare il loro tentativo di riconquistare il controllo del Canale Suez, prima nazionalizzato dal regime di Nasser in Egitto. I disordini culminarono in disordini durante il Giorno di martire, il 9 gennaio 1964, quando circa 20 panamensi e 3–5 soldati degli Stati Uniti furono uccisi.
Un decennio più tardi, nel 1974, le trattative verso una soluzione cominciarono ed ebbero come conseguenza i Trattati di Torrijos-Carter. Il 7 settembre 1977, il trattato fu firmato da presidente di Jimmy Carter degli Stati Uniti e Omar Torrijos, il leader de facto della Panama. Questo ha mobilitato il processo di accordare ai panamensi il controllo libero del canale finché la Panama ha firmato un trattato che garantisce la neutralità permanente del canale. Il trattato condusse a controllo panamense pieno efficace in mezzogiorno il 31 dicembre 1999, e l'Autorità di Canale di Panama (ACP) assunse il comando della via d'acqua. Il Canale di Panama rimane una delle fonti di reddito principali per la Panama.
Prima che questo consegna, il governo della Panama ha tenuto un'offerta internazionale di negoziare un contratto di 25 anni per operazione dei porti di imbarcazioni di contenitore situati all'atto delle uscite Atlantiche e Pacifiche del canale. Il contratto non è stato affiliato nell'ACP o le operazioni di Canale di Panama e è stato vinto dalla ditta Hutchison Whampoa, un interesse di imbarcazioni situato in Hong Kong posseduto da Li Ka-shing.
Canale
Disposizione
Mentre, su scala globale, l'Oceano atlantico è all'oriente dell'istmo e il Pacifico nell'ovest, la direzione generale del passaggio di canale dall'Atlantico al Pacifico è sopra nordovest in direzione a sud-est. Questo è a causa di un'anomalia locale sotto forma dell'istmo nel punto che il canale occupa. Il Ponte delle Americhe alla parte Pacifica è circa un terzo di un grado all'oriente della fine di Colón sulla parte Atlantica. Tuttavia, in comunicazioni nautiche formali, le direzioni semplificate "Dirette a sud" e "Dirette a nord" sono usate.
Il canale consiste di laghi artificiali, parecchi canali migliorati e artificiali e tre serie di serrature. Un lago artificiale supplementare, il Lago Alajuela (conosciuto durante l'era americana come Fanno impazzire il Lago), funziona come un serbatoio per il canale. La disposizione del canale come visto da una nave che passa dall'Atlantico al Pacifico è come segue:
- Dalla linea di marcatura formale dell'Entrata Atlantica, uno entra in Baia Limón (Bahía Limón), un gran porto naturale. Le corse di entrata. Provvede un porto deepwater (Cristóbal), con servizi come scambio di carico multimodale (a e da treno) e la Zona di libero scambio Colón (porto franco).
- Un canale forma l'approccio alle serrature dalla parte Atlantica.
- Le serrature di Gatun, un volo di tre stadi di serrature a lungo, gli ascensori spediscono al livello del Lago Gatun, alcuni al di sopra di livello del mare.
- Il Lago Gatun, un lago artificiale formato dalla costruzione della Diga Gatun, porta navi attraverso l'istmo. È il tratto di canale di summit, alimentato dal fiume Gatun e vuotato da operazioni di serratura fondamentali.
- Dal lago, il Fiume Chagres, una via d'acqua naturale accresciuta da sbarrare con una diga del Lago Gatun, funziona su. Qui il fiume superiore Chagres alimenta il tratto di canale ad alto livello.
- Le fette di Taglio di Culebra attraverso la cresta di montagna, attraversa la divisione continentale e i passaggi sotto Centennial Bridge.
- Lo stadio solo la serratura di Pedro Miguel, che è lunga, è la prima parte della discesa con un ascensore di.
- Il Lago artificiale Miraflores, a lungo, e al di sopra di livello del mare.
- Le serrature di Miraflores di due stadi, è lungo, con una discesa totale di a metà di marea.
- Dalle serrature di Miraflores uno raggiunge il porto di Balboa, di nuovo con condizione multimodale di cambio (qui la ferrovia incontra l'itinerario di imbarcazioni di nuovo). Vicino è la Città della Panama.
- Da questo porto un canale di entrata/uscita conduce all'Oceano Pacifico (Il golfo della Panama), dalle serrature di Miraflores, che passano sotto il Ponte delle Americhe.
Così, la lunghezza totale del canale è.
Navigazione
Il lago Gatun
Artificialmente creato nel 1913 da sbarrare con una diga del Fiume Chagres, il Lago Gatun è una parte essenziale del Canale di Panama che forma un passaggio dell'acqua tra gli Oceani Atlantici e Pacifici, permettendo il transito di nave in entrambe le direzioni. Al momento in cui è stato formato, il Lago Gatun è stato il più gran lago artificiale nel mondo. La foresta pluviale impraticabile intorno al lago è stata la migliore difesa del Canale di Panama. Oggi queste aree rimangono praticamente incolumi da interferenza umana e sono una delle poche aree accessibili su terra dove il vario animale centroamericano indigeno e la specie d'impianto possono esser osservati indisturbati nel loro habitat naturale. L'Isola di Colorado Barro famosa mondiale, che fu istituita per studio scientifico quando il lago fu formato e è oggi gestito dall'Istituzione Smithsonian, è la più gran isola sul Lago Gatun. Molte delle scoperte scientifiche e biologiche groundbreaking più importanti dell'animale tropicale e il regno d'impianto sono provenute qui. Il Lago Gatun copre su, una parte zonale ecologica tropicale vasta del Corridoio di Foresta Atlantico. Ecotourism sul lago è diventato un'industria utile per panamensi.
Il Lago Gatun anche serve per provvedere i milioni di galloni d'acqua necessaria per funzionare il Canale di Panama si chiude ogni volta che una nave passa attraverso e provvede l'acqua potabile per Panama City e Colón. La pesca è uno degli inseguimenti ricreativi primari sul Lago Gatun. Il basso di pavone nonnativo fu introdotto per caso al Lago Gatun il 1967 da un uomo d'affari locale e ha da allora prosperato per diventare il pesce da pescagione di pesca con l'amo dominante nel Lago Gatun. Sargento nelle vicinanze chiamato e ritenuto essere la specie Cichla pleiozona, questi il basso di pavone non è un pesce da pescagione indigeno della Panama, ma proviene dall'Amazzone, il negro di Rio de Janeiro e i bacini idrografici di Orinoco di America del Sud, dove sono chiamati Tucanare o Pavon e hanno considerato un primo pesce da pescagione.
Dimensioni di serratura
Le dimensioni delle serrature determinano le dimensioni massime di una nave che può passare attraverso loro. A causa dell'importanza del canale a commercio internazionale, molte navi sono costruite alle dimensioni massime permesse. Questi sono conosciuti come navi di Panamax. Una nave da carico Panamax tipicamente ha un tonnellaggio di portata lorda (DWT) di 65.000-80.000 tonnellate, ma il suo carico effettivo è restretto a circa 52.500 tonnellate a causa delle restrizioni di abbozzo dentro il canale. La nave più lunga mai per attraversare il disco del canale è stata il Prospettore di San Juan (adesso il Prospettore di Marcona), un corriere minerario e di petrolio dalla maggior parte che è lungo con un raggio di.
Inizialmente le serrature a Gatun erano state progettate per essere larghe. Nel 1908, la Marina militare degli Stati Uniti richiese che la larghezza sia aumentata ad almeno, che permetterebbe il passaggio di navi navali degli Stati Uniti. Alla fine un compromesso è stato fatto e le serrature sono state costruite larghe. Ogni serratura è lunga, con le pareti che variano in spessore dalla base ad alla sommità. La parete centrale tra le serrature
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present with Night Owls than their counterparts, according to a study published in Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, and this can be attributed to two factors. Less exposure to sunlight can cause a deficiency of vitamin D, which can lead to depression. This is something that you need to keep in mind and adjust your diet to compensate for this loss.
Again, there is nothing better than the natural way of things, so take a vacation this spring and take a week to spend time outdoors soaking in the sun and getting some fresh air. Furthermore, the fact that it is our pattern to be awake and active when everyone is asleep makes socialization a bit difficult to accomplish, the lack of which can cause depression as well. Still, if you manage to get these two factors under control, you are going to be far more effective than you thought you could be.
5. They have a flexible sleeping schedule
In the book Sleepfaring: A Journey Through the Science of Sleep, professor Jon Horne explains that people who are Night Owls have a much easier time adjusting to their 9 to 5 schedule than Early Birds have. If you invest serious effort into the change, you will soon realize that you can readjust rather quickly and remain productive. And remember, that energy boost that happens in the evenings, still applies so if you really need to take care of your business, you can always rely on it to tie up any lose ends and put in some extra effort.
The myth that people with the “bad habit” of being active at night and sleeping in late in the day is really outdated and should not be a real factor during hiring. After all, approximately one quarter of the World’s population has this genetic trait, so businesses and hiring experts need to keep in mind the talent that they might be passing out on based on outdated prejudice.
Furthermore, the 9 till 5 schedule is slowly dying out with the rise of the online business model and the globalization of the work environment, so it seems that the situation is getting a bit more favorable for Night Owls. A big part of the online freelancer community falls into this category and the majority of them really enjoy the freedom that this work style offers.
Featured photo credit: Young female architect working at home.She works late into the night. via shutterstock.comسازمان تروریستی پ ک ک به عنوان یک گروه مارکسیست-لنینیست تاسیس شد.هدف اولیه پ.ک.ک تشکیل یک دولت کردی جناح چپ بود که از ایدئولوژی انقلابی مارکسیستی حمایت می کرد و تاکتیک های جنگ چریکی مائوئیست برای تحقق این هدف انتخاب شد. پ ک ک چندین بار اعلام کرد که یک جنبش جدایی طلب ناسیونالیست نیست و این موضوع را در کنگره های خود تکرار کرد. با این حال، پ ک ک در عمل به اجرای استراتژی انقلاب خود در میان جمعیت کرد ادامه داد و در نتیجه شکافی بین شهروندان ترک با پیشینه قومی کرد و بقیه جامعه ترکیه ایجاد کرد.
بنابراین، پ ک ک به ویژگی های گروه های جدایی طلب قومی-ناسیونالیست و گروه های افراطی مارکسیست پایبند بود. با این حال، با گذشت زمان، پ ک ک در تلاش برای انطباق با تغییرات در صحنه سیاسی جهانی، تأکید خود را از یک سمت ایدئولوژی اساسی خود به سوی دیگر تغییر داد.
فروپاشی اتحاد جماهیر شوروی در دهه ۱۹۸۰ منجر به کم اهمیت جلوه دادن مارکسیسم-لنینیسم توسط PKK و تأکید بیشتر بر ناسیونالیسم کردی شد. تغییرات در پرچم PKK به وضوح این تاکید تغییر یافته را نشان می دهد.
پ.ک.ک با ریشه های مارکسیستی-لنینیستی خود در ابتدا مذهب را تقبیح کرد، اما در اواسط دهه ۱۹۹۰، مجبور شد این ایدئولوژی را کم اهمیت جلوه دهد تا با شرایط سیاسی در حال تغییر بین المللی سازگار شود و از بیگانگی جامعه کردی جلوگیری کند. نگرش اصلاح شده پ ک ک نسبت به مذهب تلاشی برای حفاظت از پایگاه حمایتی خود بود.
پ.ک.ک در سال ۱۹۷۴ در نشست گروهی از دانشجویان کرد چپگرا در روستای فیس دیاربکر، شهری در جنوب شرقی ترکیه که برای تشکیل ارتش آزادیبخش ملی (Ulusal Kurtulus Ordusu یا UKO) گرد هم آمده بودند و عبدالله اوجالان را منصوب کرده بود، تأسیس شد. به عنوان رهبر آنها . بعدها، این مجمع به عنوان اولین نشست پ.ک.ک در نظر گرفته شد، زیرا UKO در سال ۱۹۷۸ نام خود را به حزب کارگران کردستان (Partia Karkeren Kurdistan یا PKK) تغییر داد. رقیب گروه های افراطی چپ و راست تا کودتای نظامی ۱۹۸۰ کودتای نظامی ۱۹۸۰ پ.ک.ک را وارد مرحله جدیدی کرد که اعضای آن یا در زندان بودند یا به سوریه گریختند. عبدالله اوجالان نیز از ترکیه گریخت و یک کمپ آموزشی پ.ک.ک را در دره بقاع، تحت کنترل سوریه بین سالهای ۱۹۸۰ و ۱۹۸۴، سازمان تروریستی شاخه نظامی خود را تأسیس کرد و درجات خود را افزایش داد.
در سال ۱۹۸۴ پ.ک.ک استراتژی خود را تغییر داد. اوجالان اعلام کرد که پ.ک.ک سبک انقلاب عمومی مائو را برای دستیابی به اهداف اصلی خود انتخاب کرده و شروع به استفاده از تاکتیک های خشونت آمیز کرده است. پ.ک.ک حملات خود را به جنوب شرقی ترکیه افزایش داد و مقامات دولتی، نیروهای امنیتی، معلمان مدارس و اعضای خانواده نگهبانان روستا را هدف قرار داد.» پ.ک.ک عمداً به روستاهای دورافتاده ای که از دولت حمایت می کردند و یا از آنها حمایت نمی کردند حمله کرد و به معنای واقعی کلمه آنها را با خاک یکسان کرد. تا سال ۱۹۹۱، حملات پ.ک.ک به منطقه جنوب شرقی ترکیه محدود می شد. از همان سال پ.ک.ک منطقه عملیاتی خود را افزایش داد و شهرهای بزرگ در مناطق غربی ترکیه را با بمباران هدف قرار داد. در اوت ۱۹۹۱، نیروهای مسلح ترکیه اولین حمله فرامرزی را علیه پایگاه های پ.ک.ک در عراق انجام دادند. این حملات تا سال ۱۹۹۹ در مجموع به ۲۴ حمله خواهد رسید.
در سال ۱۹۹۳، عبدالله اوجالان اولین آتش بس از آتش بس های به اصطلاح یکجانبه را اعلام کرد. این آتش بس به عنوان یک تاکتیک استراتژیک برای گمراه کردن افکار عمومی در مورد ماهیت تروریستی پ.ک.ک اتخاذ شد و هدف آن تحقق اهداف پ.ک.ک از طریق راه های قانونی بود که پ.ک.ک نتوانسته بود با عملیات تروریستی مداوم خود به انجام برساند. پ.ک.ک به عنوان گسترش اقدامات تروریستی خود در شهرهای عمده غربی ترکیه در سال ۱۹۹۱، بمباران شدیدی را آغاز کرد که مراکز گردشگری ترکیه را در سال ۱۹۹۴ هدف قرار داد. اتحاد با حزب / جبهه آزادیبخش خلق انقلابی ( Devrimci Halk Kurtulus Partisi / Cephesi یا DHKP / C ) ، یکی دیگر از گروه های تروریستی جناح چپ ستیزه جوی که در ترکیه فعالیت می کنند. اتحاد ضعیف در مارس ۱۹۹۸ DHKP/C اعلام کرد که اتحادش با PKK به پایان رسیده است.
در ماه مه ۱۹۹۵ , پ ک ک پنجمین کنفرانس خود را برگزار کرد . یکی از تصمیمات مهم حاصل از این نشست، تشدید فعالیت های انتحاری آن بود. در نتیجه، پ.ک.ک به یکی از سازمان های تروریستی جهان تبدیل شد که به حملات انتحاری متوسل می شوند. پ.ک.ک ۲۱ حمله انتحاری را بین ژوئن ۱۹۹۶ تا ژوئیه ۱۹۹۹ انجام داد که باعث تلفات جانی نسبتاً ناچیز در مقایسه با سایر سازمان های تروریستی شد.
با شروع در سال ۱۹۹۶، عملیات نظامی ترکیه به طور موثر با سازمان مقابله کرد و شبه نظامیان پ ک ک را به عمق کوه ها واداشت. این فشار مداوم بر پ ک ک و همچنین افزایش نظامی ترکیه در مرز سوریه با درخواست تحویل عبدالله اوجالان، در نهایت سوریه را مجبور کرد که اوجالان را در اکتبر ۱۹۹۸ از دمشق بیرون کند.۱۵۶ پس از یک سری اخراج بین المللی، اوجالان دستگیر شد. در کنیا با پاسپورت یونانی قبرس در ۱۵ فوریه ۱۹۹۹٫پس از دستگیری، اوجالان به شبه نظامیان پ ک ک دستور داد تا ترکیه را ترک کنند و حملات مسلحانه آن را متوقف کنند تا مجازات خود را به حداقل برسانند و با واکنش بیش از حد به دستگیری سازمان از خود تخریبی جلوگیری کنند.
بین سالهای ۱۹۹۹ و ۲۰۰۴، پ.ک.ک تنها در عملیات دفاعی شرکت داشت، با این حال حدود ۵۰۰۰ ستیزه جو فعال داشت. پ.ک.ک در طول این دوره زمانی عمدتاً به اقدامات نافرمانی مدنی متوسل شد، البته با موفقیت کمی. پ.ک.ک در سال ۲۰۰۲ به کنگره دموکرات و آزادی کردستان ( Kongra Azadi u Demokrasiya Kurdistan یا KADEK ) تغییر نام داد و در سال ۲۰۰۳ به کنگره خلق کردستان ( Kongre Gele Kurdistan , KONGRA – gel ) در تلاش برای حذف یا حذف نامگذاری شد . از فهرست سازمان های تروریستی که توسط نهادهای بین المللی مختلف نگهداری می شود حذف شده است، با این حال، هم ایالات متحده و هم اتحادیه اروپا، PKK/KONGRA-gel را در لیست سازمان های تروریستی خود در سال ۲۰۰۴ گنجانده اند. اوجالان دستور از سرگیری مبارزات مسلحانه خود را صادر کرد. ظهور هر دو گروه کرد رقیب و جناح های داخل PKK نقش مهمی در این تصمیم ایفا کرد. سالهای ۲۰۰۵ و ۲۰۰۶ شاهد تعدادی از درگیریهای داخلی بود که در آن اعضای پ ک ک که از راه حل سیاسی مسالمت آمیز حمایت می کردند توسط رهبری تندرو پ ک ک ترور شدند.
در سال ۲۰۰۵ , پ ک ک استفاده از نام سابق خود را از سر گرفت و همچنین بیانیه ماموریت خود را تغییر داد و افکار پان کردستانی را پذیرفت. پ.ک.ک این استراتژی را در تلاش برای متحد کردن تمام جنبش های کرد زیر یک چتر به کار گرفت. علاوه بر این، هدف اصلی پ.ک.ک ادعای حقوق فرهنگی و سیاسی برای جمعیت کرد قومی در ترکیه تعدیل شد. و اساساً به عنوان وسیله ای برای تجزیه جمهوری ترکیه عمل می کند.
بین سالهای ۲۰۰۵ و ۲۰۰۸، پ.ک.ک حملات تروریستی خود را افزایش داد. این سازمان در حالی که حداقل فعالیت روستایی را حفظ می کرد و ردپایی کوچک در مناطق روستایی داشت، به بمباران شهری و اقدامات نافرمانی مدنی متوسل شد. در این میان، در سال ۲۰۰۶، ترکیه، ایالات متحده و عراق یک پیمان بین دولتی برای مبارزه با پ.ک.ک ایجاد کردند. ایالات متحده موافقت کرد که اطلاعات عملی را تحت شرایط این پیمان متقابل به ترکیه ارائه دهد.
در سال ۲۰۰۹ , دولت ترکیه به شدت با اصلاحات قانونی به منظور انحلال PKK برای همیشه شروع به اعمال فشار کرد . چندین موضوع مورد مناقشه مانند افزایش فرصت های آموزش زبان و پخش تلویزیونی به زبان کردی تنظیم شده است. در ماه اکتبر، هشت ستیزه جوی پ ک ک از مرز عبور کردند تا به عنوان سفیران صلح تسلیم شوند. در حالی که دولت ترکیه این تحول را پایان یک دوره (یعنی پایان تبلیغات مسلحانه) ارزیابی می کرد، پ ک ک آن را آغاز یک روند صلح می دانست که در آن به آنها اجازه داده می شد در روند سیاسی همراه با عبدالله اوجالان شرکت کنند. نماینده جمعیت کرد ترکیه بعدها معلوم شد که هم پ ک ک و هم دولت ترکیه تحولات را نادرست خوانده اند. همانطور که پ.ک.ک فعالیت های تروریستی خود را از سر گرفت و همچنان مدعی است که شرایط برای پایان دادن به مبارزه مسلحانه فراهم نشده است و اگر پ.ک.ک دست از مبارزه مسلحانه خود بردارد، نماینده مردم کرد نخواهد بود. از سال ۲۰۱۰، در حالی که در مقایسه با اولین عملیات تروریستی ۱۹۷۸-۱۹۹۹ به طور قابل توجهی به حاشیه رانده شده بود، هنوز تا انحلال فاصله زیادی دارد. اخیرا پ ک ک سطح حملات تروریستی را افزایش داده و با استراتژی فرسایش به کارزار تروریستی خود ادامه می دهد.Those familiar with the Christian appellation of Jesus as “Word” should marvel at this.
But the point is this:
First, the Qur’an invites those we may consider to be its rivals – the competition as it were – to come work with it.
Second, the Qur’an offers a basis for such potential cooperation: shared belief, behavior, culture and experience.
So, let us not forget these two divine words: 'Udwaan (Aggression - NO!) and Ta’awun (Co-operation – YES!).
An Entire Theory of National and International Cooperation
There is an entire political and sociological – not to say cultural and psychological – theory of group, national, institutional and international cooperation and joint enterprise here.
Again, what is most amazing is the loudness, the firmness, the authority and the clarity of these calls.
This phenomenon defies imagination and boggles the mind. In the absence of a more convincing explanation, it only serves to make the God-explanation stronger than ever and makes it unassailable by default: that it is God, and not a human source, that is behind it.
That means this book, Qur’an, with aayat after aayat of this kind, could have come only from one source: God Almighty.
These things then are among the most basic teachings of the Qur’an. I don’t know who else does or does not have them, but this is what the Qur’an teaches: Cooperation (Ta’awun) on a common platform of shared beliefs, views, goals and approaches.
And all this 1400 years ago? Not the most likely thing in human terms, wouldn’t you say?
We can understand this being a plank or an article or chapter in one of the major declarations or charters of a world body in the middle of the 20th Century like the United Nations.
But coming out of the mouth of an illiterate man in a cave in Arabia in early 7th Century? Simply does not make sense.
And that is what a miracle is: something that simply does not make sense in human terms.
Shared Culture of Fasting
So, based on this analysis, what do many cultures and religions of the world have in common? Qur’an says fasting – the shared culture of fasting, Siyaam as the Qur’an calls it.
Do Jews, Christians, Hindus and others have any kind of background or experience in fasting? Sure they do, says the Qur’an.
Is that assertion of the Qur’an independently verifiable in terms of historical records and data? Sure it is.
And the Qur’an makes a point of noting that shared background and experience of fasting among the earlier nations, societies and peoples of the world.
“O those who believe,” says the Qur’an addressing the followers of Prophet Muhammad, Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam. “Fasting is required of you, as it was required of those who were before you.”
In the language of the Qur’an:
Kutiba 'alaikumus siyaamu kamaa kutiba 'alal-ladheena min qablikum!
Make a special note of these words: “as it was required of those who were before you.” Give some serious thought to the clarity; the authority; the simplicity; and the historic authenticity of these words.
And then ask yourself: How did an illiterate man sitting in a cave nearly a millennium and a half ago ever manage to get any sense of this historical verity or truth in its full and sweeping spectrum?
And unless you rule out the existence and involvement of God totally and from the beginning – ab initio – what makes more sense:
- God is behind it?
- A least likely human being all of a sudden hit the biggest cultural, historical and so-called religious jackpot in the world?
Which one of these two explanations, would you say makes more sense to you personally? I mean purely in human terms, as a matter of common sense and simple logic and probability.
A World Day of Fasting
Following the clarion call of the Qur’an for cooperation based on our common cultural, religious and historical heritage, we say:
“People of the world, unite! People of different faiths and cultures and religions of the world, let us all come together to observe a World Day of Fasting!”
This September 27, 2008, Saturday.
In these troubled times, as the saying goes, let us work to create a new international and inter-cultural alliance of peace, love and hope for humanity among all the diverse and even competing segments of the human population on earth.
Let all of us human beings together celebrate a common World Day of Fasting – this month of Ramadan and every Ramadan thereafter.
Let us do so regardless of all the differences of race, religion, denomination, nationality, culture, territory and everything else that divide and consign us to special, unique and seemingly exclusive bins of history and geography.
Let us rise above our own special coordinates and configurations of time, space, belief and behavior, and come together as a united human race in the common enterprise of observing the World Day of Fasting together.
And let us do so in this most beautiful and blessed month of Ramadan 1429. And during every Ramadan thereafter.
That means, we hereby call upon all the non-Muslims of the world – all the Jews, Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and all others on this planet, in every part of the world – to let us all set aside Saturday, September 27, 2008, to fast together as one human family united in our fellowship of faith in God and in his Prophets and Books.
Let the world’s 5,000,000,000 non-Muslim men and women of all faiths, races, nationalities and political ideologies join their 1,500,000,000 Muslim brothers and sisters around the world in a joint World Day of Fasting.
In the midst of all that may divide and trouble us, in this 2008th year of the birth of our beloved Prophet Jesus, 'Alaihis Salaam, let us stand united and holding hands on this island of commonness that the Qur’an has created
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خود را ازدست دادهاند. علیرضا زالی، فرماندۀ ستاد مقابله با کرونا در تهران نیز از افزایش شمار مبتلایان در پایتخت خبر داد و آمار بیماران بستری طی ۲۴ ساعت گذشته در بخشهای عادی مراکز درمانی استان تهران را ۶۵۰ نفر و تعداد بیماران بستری در بخشهای ویژه را ۱۲۳ نفر اعلام کرد. این در حالیست که وضعیت استانهای مازندران، خراسان رضوی، فارس، ایلام، کرمان و اردبیل، بحرانی گزارش شده است.
سیما سادات لاری سخنگوی وزارت بهداشت ایران، روز دوشنبه ٣٠ تیر اعلام کرد:«بر اساس یافتههای قطعی آزمایشگاهی، از ظهر دیروز تا امروز تعداد ٢٤١٤ بیمار جدید مبتلا به کووید-۱۹ در کشور شناسایی شدهاند که ١۶٤١ نفر از آنها بستری شده اند و مجموع مبتلایان به این بیماری در ایران، به ٢٧۶ هزار و ٢٠٢ مورد رسیده است».
وی افزود: «متأسفانه در طول ۲۴ ساعت گذشته، تعداد ٢١٧ نفر از بیماران مبتلا به کووید-۱۹ در کشور، جان خود را ازدست دادهاند و مجموع درگذشتگان بر اثر این بیماری به ١٤هزار و ٤٠۵ نفر رسیده است».
سخنگوی وزارت بهداشت ایران گفت: «تا کنون تعداد ٢٤٠ هزار و ٨٧ نفر از بیماران مبتلا به ویروس کرونا، بهبود یافته و ترخیص شده اند و تعداد ٣۵٨٣ نفر از بیماران مبتلا به کووید-۱۹ در وضعیت شدید و بحرانی این بیماری و تحت مراقبت در بخشهای “آی سی یو” قرار دارند».
وی افزود: «وضعیت استانهای قرمز و هشدار در کشور همانند روزهای گذشته است و متأسفانه ۸ هزار واحد صنفی به دلیل عدم رعایت پروتکلها پلمب شدهاند.»
علیرضا زالی: شمار مبتلایان به کرونا در تهران افزایش یافته است
علیرضا زالی فرماندۀ ستاد مقابله با کرونا در تهران، در خصوص تأثیر مداخلات اعمالشده در میزان ابتلا به ویروس کووید-۱۹ گفت: رصد کاهش یا افزایش بیماریها پس از انجام مداخلات، قریب به ۵ هفته زمان میبرد. وی آمار بیماران بستری در ۲۴ ساعت گذشته در بخشهای عادی مراکز درمانی استان تهران را ۶۵۰ نفر و تعداد بیماران بستری در بخشهای ویژه را ۱۲۳ نفر اعلام کرد و گفت: «این آمار نسبت به روز گذشته افزایش داشته است».
وی افزود: «۱۷ درصد از مجموع مراجعین به مراکز درمانی و ۹,۹ درصد از مراجعین به مراکز بهداشتی استان تهران در ۲۴ ساعت گذشته، نیاز به بستری داشتند در صورتی که این میزان در اواخر اردیبهشت ماه، ۳,۵ تا ۵ درصد بوده است و کماکان عدد قابل توجهی از مراجعان را بیمارانی تشکیل میدهند که عمدتاً دارای علائم تنفسی هستند».
وی تصریح کرد: «از روز جمعه تا کنون، شاهد افزایش بار مراجعین بودهایم و هنوز تغییری در زمینه بازگشت روند کاهشی مشاهده نشده است».
معاون وزیر بهداشت: ابتلای ٢۵میلیون نفر به کرونا، واقعیت ایران را نشان نمیدهد
علیرضا رئیسی معاون بهداشت وزیر بهداشت، روز دوشنبه ٣٠ تیر در حاشیۀ نشست آنلاین وزیر بهداشت با رؤسای دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی گفت: آمار ابتلای ۲۵ میلیون ایرانی فقط بر مبنای یک تحقیق سرولوژی در چند استان است و واقعیت جامعۀ ایران را نشان نمیدهد؛ اگر قرار بود در ایران ۲۵میلیون نفر به کرونا مبتلا شده باشند که حدود یک سوم مردم کشور است، باید در دنیا نیز یک میلیارد و ۲۰٠میلیون نفر مبتلا شده باشند و چنین ارقامی درست نیست».
وی افزود: «تست سرولوژی برای شناسایی و تشخیص ابتلا به کرونا کاربرد ندارد و تستی که در این زمینه دقیق و معتبر است و آمار آن مورد تأیید سازمان بهداشت جهانی است، تست مولکولی PCR است که بر مبنای موارد قطعی آن به طور روزانه آمار وزارت بهداشت اعلام می شود». وی تصریح کرد: «بر اساس تستهای PCR تاکنون در دنیا ۱۴,۵ میلیون نفر به کرونا مبتلا شدهاند. بر اساس مبنای علمی شیوع شناسی از هر هزار نفر مبتلا، ۵۰۰ نفر بدون علامت، ۳۵۰ نفر کمعلامت هستند و ۱۵۰ نفر بستری میشوند؛ اگر قرار بود ۲۵میلیون مبتلا به کرونا تاکنون در کشور داشته باشیم، باید حدود ۳میلیون بیمار علامتدار در کشور میداشتیم که ۶۰۰هزار نفرشان باید بستری میشدند؛ در حالی که کل تختهای بیمارستانی کشور ۱۱۰هزار تخت است و مجبور میشدیم ۴۰۰هزار بیمار را در خیابان بستری کنیم؛ به هیچ وجه چنین شرایطی نداشتیم، بنابراین آمار تخمینی و برآوردی ۲۵میلیون نفر، با واقعیتها استانداردهای شیوع شناسی در ایران همخوانی ندارد و مطابق با واقعیت نیست.
وی افزود: «ویروس کرونا همۀ اندامهای انسان را درگیر میکند، از جمله دستگاه گوارش و پانکراس را مختل مینماید و با اختلال در تولید انسولین، موجب افزایش قند خون میشود و قلب و عروق افراد را درگیر میکند؛ در مورد جهش ژنتیک این ویروس نیز گفته میشود که منجر به افزایش سرایتپذیری این ویروس شده و اگر قبلاً هر نفر مبتلا یه نفر را مبتلا می کرد، اکنون به حدود ۸ نفر رسیده است».
شمار مبتلایان در خراسان رضوی رو به افزایش است
دکتر شاپور بدیعی، معاون درمان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد روز دوشنبه گفت: «تعداد بیماران سرپایی و بستری مبتلا به کرونا در استان خراسان رضوی همچنان رو به افزایش است». وی افزود: «در موج نخست، بیشترین آمار بستریهای روزانه بر اثر کرونا در مشهد، ۶۰۰ نفر بود اما از نیمه دوم خرداد ماه امسال با موج دوم بحران کرونا روبرو شدیم و حتی طی ۵ ماه گذشته، بخش زیادی از کادر درمانی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد به کرونا مبتلا شدهاند. مشکل دیگر نیز خستگی نیروها و فشردگی بالای کار آنها طی ۵ ماه تلاش و خدمات شبانهروزی است».
او با بیان این که مردم با مشاهدۀ علائم مشکوک، قبل از هر اقدامی با سامانه ۱۹۱ برای مشاوره و راهنمایی تماس بگیرند، افزود: «در حال حاضر، ۲۹ مرکز خدمات جامع سلامت و ۱۰۰درمانگاه در سطح یک و ۱۸ کلینیک تخصصی با امکانات آزمایشگاهی و تصویربرداری در سطح ۲، به افراد با علائم مشکوک به کرونا خدمت میدهند و بیماران در صورت نیاز به بیمارستانهای اختصاصی ویژه کرونا اعزام خواهند شد».
آمار قربانیان کرونا در استان فارس به مرز هشدار رسید
علی اکبری، معاون درمان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز روند افزایشی مرگ براثر ابتلا به کرونا در استان فارس را بسیار هشداردهنده ارزیابی کرد و گفت: «شمار جان باختگان ناشی از این بیماری در فارس تاکنون به ۳۵۰ نفر رسیده است». وی افزود: «طی ۴۸ ساعت گذشته، متاسفانه ۳۱ نفر از شهروندان فارس، مقابل این بیماری خطرناک تسلیم شده و فوت کردهاند که ۱۵ نفر از آنها مربوط به ۲۴ ساعت اخیر بوده است».
وی آمارها را هشدار دهنده خواند و تصریح کرد: «شمار بیماران مبتلا به کووید-۱۹ در استان فارس به عدد ۲۶ هزار و ۷۴۰ مورد رسیده و این موضوع بسیار هشدار دهنده است». او همچنین آمار بهبودیافتگان بیمارستانی و ایزوله خانگی استان را نیز از ابتدا تاکنون ۲۲ هزار و ۶۳۰ نفر اعلام کرد و گفت: «هم اکنون ۱۲۲۸ بیمار مبتلا به کرونا و دارای علامت در بخشهای مختلف بیمارستانی استان بستری هستند که از این تعداد ۹۶ بیمار به دلیل وخامت شرایط جسمی در بخش مراقبتهای ویژه به سر می برند».
افزایش آمار ابتلا و مرگ ناشی از کرونا طی سه هفته گذشته، منجر به اعلام وضعیت قرمز در ۸ شهرستان استان فارس شده است به طوریکه روز یکشنبه ۲۹ تیر/ ۱۹ ژوئیه مسئولان از تعطیل شدن برنامههای مذهبی حتی نماز جماعت در مساجد این شهرستانها خبر دادند. همچنین تعطیلی سیستم حمل و نقل عمومی، پارکها، مراکز تجمع نظیر بوستانها و نقاط تفریحی، سینماها، کافیشاپها، رستورانها و تالارها و محدود شدن فعالیت مراکز دیگر، اجباری شدن استفاده از ماسک در ادارات دولتی و ممنوعیت تردد بدون ماسک در اماکن عمومی خصوصاً مراکز سرپوشیده، از تصمیمات اجراییشده در استان فارس بوده است.
کرونا همچنان در کرمان میتازد
مهدی شفیعی، سخنگوی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان از مرگ ۱۵ نفر به دلیل ابتلا به ویروس کرونا طی ۲۴ ساعت گذشته در استان کرمان خبر داد. وی با اشاره به آخرین وضعیت مبتلایان به ویروس کرونا در استان کرمان، گفت: «طی ۲۴ ساعته گذشته در بیمارستانهای استان کرمان، ۹۲ نفر به دلیل ابتلا به ویروس کرونا بستری شدهاند».
وی تعداد موارد بستری قطعی مبتلا به کرونا هم اکنون در بیمارستانهای استان کرمان را ۳۶۴ نفر اعلام کرد و گفت: «از این تعداد ۱۹۰ نفر مربوط به حوزه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، ۳۸ نفر مربوط به حوزه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، ۷۶ نفر مربوط به حوزه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جیرفت، ۲۰ نفر مربوط به حوزه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بم و ۴۰ نفر نیز مربوط به حوزه دانشکده علوم پزشکی سیرجان هستند».
او در ادامه گفت: «تعداد کل موارد بستری شده دارای تست مثبت کرونا در استان کرمان از ابتدای شیوع اپیدمی تاکنون ۳۲۲۷ مورد بوده است و مجموع جانباختگان ابتلای قطعی به کووید-۱۹ از ابتدای اپیدمی تا کنون در استان کرمان، به ۳۲۵ نفر رسیده است».
احتمال ورود بیمارستانها به فاز خطر؛ ابتلای ١٢هزار تن از کادر درمان به کرونا
رئیس مرکز مدیریت بیمارستانی و تعالی خدمات بالینی وزارت بهداشت گفت: «باید در بیمارستانها مراقب ظرفیت تختها باشیم؛ بهترین حالت زمانی است که ۳۰ درصد ظرفیت تختهای خالی یک بیمارستان را به کرونا اختصاص دهیم؛ زیرا تعداد کسانی که به بیمارستان مراجعه میکنند و تعداد کسانی که از بیمارستان مرخص میشوند، حرکت و چرخش تخت مناسبی را ایجاد می کنند؛ حال اگر این درصد بالاتر رود، وارد فاز خطر میشویم و در حال حاضر احساس می کنیم که ممکن است به این فاز برسیم زیرا ممکن است به صورت ناگهانی اتفاقی رخ دهد که تعداد بیماران مراجعهکننده به بیمارستان افزایش یابد و بیمارستان مجبور شود در اورژانس بیماران را نگه دارد».
وی افزود: «کادر درمان به شدت خسته و فرسوده شده است و کشش کادر درمان بسیار کاهش یافته است. زیرا در هر صنف و رشته ای یک زمان تعطیلی و استراحت وجود دارد. این در حالیست که زمان استراحت کادر درمان کشور به شدت کم است. علاوه بر این، درصد زیادی از کادر درمان و پرسنل از آنجایی که به شدت درگیر بیماران سخت و شدید هستند، به کرونا مبتلا شدند و هر یک از این پرسنل به مدت دو هفته از سیستم خارج میشوند».
وی در ادامه گفت: «تاکنون ۱۰ تا ۱۲هزار نفر در کادر درمانی کشور به کرونا مبتلا شدهاند و این وضعیت همچنان ادامه دارد، که این موضوع برای سیستم درمانی دردسر ایجاد کرده است. کادر درمانی که باید روزانه ۶ تا ۸ ساعت کار کند، اکنون گاهی باید ۱۲ ساعت کار کند و حتی گاهی ۲۴ ساعت شیفت دارد؛ بنابراین فشار زیادی به سیستم درمان وارد می شود».
افزایش ابتلای کودکان به ویروس کرونا؛ پیک شیوع ویروس در سه استان
دکتر جان بابایی معاون درمان وزارت بهداشت، از افزایش روند شیوع کرونا ویروس در استانهای خراسان رضوی، مازندران و فارس خبر داد و گفت: «متأسفانه ما نمیدانیم پیک شیوع ویروس در این استانها چه زمانی تمام میشود و این بسته به رفتارهای مردم دارد که چقدر بتوانند با رعایت دستور العملهای بهداشتی چرخه انتقال را به حداقل برساندند».
وی تصریح کرد: «میزان ابتلای کودکان به ویروس کرونا نسبت به اسفندماه افزایش یافته است که یکی از دلایل این افزایش این است که حساسیت خانوادهها نسبت به گذشته کمتر شده است و با توجه به اینکه کودکان در زنجیرۀ انتقال این بیماری هستند، نباید حساسیتها را در این زمینه کاهش داد».
وضعیت کرونا در مازندران و اردبیل بحرانی است؛ لغو تمام فعالیت های ورزشی
محمدرضا رضاییبنا معاون درمان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اردبیل، از پر شدن ظرفیت این بیمارستان و اضافه شدن دو بیمارستان دیگر برای پذیرش بیماران مبتلا به کرونا خبر داده است. او با اشاره به پذیرش ۳۳۰ بیمار در یک شیفت شب بیمارستان امام خمینی شهر اردبیل، گفت: «دروضعیتی بیسابقه و بحرانی بسر میبریم». وی افزود: «برخی از مبتلایان به کرونا، در بدو ورود به بخش اورژانس جان خود را ازدست دادهاند و بیشترین تعداد فوتیها متولدین دهه ۶۰ و ۷۰ هستند».
در استان مازندران هم وضعیت شیوع کرونا بحرانی اعلام شده است. به گفته عباس موسوی رئيس دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، در ۲۴ ساعت گذشته ۳۳۹ بیمار در بیمارستانهای این استان بستری شدهاند».
در این راستا، مدیرکل ورزش و جوانان مازندران، با اشاره به وضعیت قرمز این استان گفت: «تمامی فعالیتهای ورزشی در مازندران تا اطلاع ثانوی تعطیل خواهد بود».
شمار مبتلایان در استان ایلام، به مرز ۵٠٠٠ نفر رسید
محمد کریمیان، رئیس دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام از افزایش شمار مبتلایان به کرونا در استان به تعداد ۴۹۷۲ نفر خبر داد. وی افزود: «در ۲۴ ساعت گذشته، تعداد ۱۰۳ مورد مثبت جدید بیماری کرونا در استان شناسایی شده و ۳ نفر بر اثر ابتلا به این بیماری جان خود را ازدست دادهاند و مجموع فوتشدگان ناشی از کرونا تا این لحظه ۱۴۷ نفر است».
قاسم سلیمانیدشتکی، استاندار ایلام نیز گفت: « با توجه به عدم رعایت مردم و افزایش تعداد مبتلایان کرونا، تعداد فوتیها نیز افزایش داشته است به طوری که هم اکنون متوسط فوتیها در این استان هر سه روز، ۵ نفر است؛ در حالی که متوسط تعداد فوتیهای ناشی از کرونا در خردادماه هر ۳ روز، یک نفر بود» .
وی تصریح کرد: «همسایگی ایلام با استانهای قرمز خوزستان، لرستان و کرمانشاه و مراودات بالای این شهرها در افزایش تعداد مبتلایان مزید بر علت شده است». او در ادامه گفت: «در ۳ هفته گذشته تنها ۲۰درصد مردم دستورالعملهای بهداشتی را رعایت میکردند، اما با افزایش آمار مبتلایان و ایجاد ترس در هفتههای اخیر، ۵۰ تا ۶۰ درصد مردم رعایت میکنند».
اعطای مرخصی به ٣۶هزار زندانی در موج دوم شیوع کرونا
مهدی حاج محمدی، رییس سازمان زندانها و اقدامات تأمینی و تربیتی کشور، روز دوشنبه ٣٠ تیر از تداوم اعطای مرخصی به زندانیان بر اساس بخشنامۀ رئیس قوه قضاییه خبر داد. وی در نشست شورای عالی قضایی، با اشاره به بخشنامه جدید رئیس قوه قضاییه مبنی بر اعطای مرخصی به زندانیان در موج جدید شیوع ویروس کرونا، گفت: «از ۱۸ تیر ماه تاکنون، ۳۶هزار و ۲۸۳ نفر از زندانیان مشمول این مرخصی یا تمدید مرخصی قبلی شدند، که این روند همچنان ادامه دارد». وی ادامه داد: «بهعنوان نمونه به ۵۸ درصد از زندانیان خراسان جنوبی و ۵۵ درصد زندانیان استان گلستان در ۱۵ روز اخیر مرخصی اعطا شده است».
سردبیر روزنامۀ “جام جم” بر اثر ابتلا به کرونا درگذشت
روحالله رجایی، سردبیر روزنامه “جام جم” صبح روز دوشنبه ۳۰ تیرماه بر اثر ابتلا به بیماری کرونا درگذشت. مهدی عرفاتی مدیر مسئول روزنامه جام جم، گفت که وی چند روز پیش به بیماری کویید ـ۱۹ مبتلا شده بود و صبح امروز نیز بر اثر همین بیماری از دنیا رفت.
سردبیر روزنامۀ جام جم، چند روز پیش اعلام کرده بود که جواب تست ابتلایش به ویروس کرونا مثبت شده و در حال مبارزه با این بیماری است.قبل از هر چیز باید با پیش بینی آینده و روند تصاعدی تکنولوژی آن آشنا بشویم. پیش بینی آینده: سه مرحله اساسی دیدن آینده در گذر تاریخ شامل:
- موفق شدیم چرخه های تکرار شونده را طی کنیم مثل فصول و رویش گیاهان که نتیجه اون کشاورزی بود
- پیش چرخه هایی که لزوما تکرار شونده نیستند مثل قوانینی که این قوانین به یک نتیجه مشخص می رسیدن مثل پیش بینی آب و هوا و خروجی اون یکسری سرمایه گذاری و کسب و کارها میشدند.
- توانایی تشخیص یک سری الگوها با فرآیندهای تکنولوژی که در قرن بیستم به وجود آمده از سال ۱۹۵۰ . یعنی می توان روند پیشرفت تکنولوژی در سال های آینده رو پیش بینی کرد.
مثل پاول تورینگ در سال ۱۹۵۰ که پیش بینی مکرده بود تا سال ۲۰۰۰ ظرفیت ذخیره اطلاعات توی کامپیوتر ها ۱۰ به توان ۹ بیت می شود یعنی ۱۲۸ مگابیت یا آقای مور که مهندس شرکت اینتل بود در سال ۱۹۶۵ تحقیقاتش نشون داد که تو دوره های زمانی مشخصی توان پردازش کامپیوتر ها دو برابر میشود. این بازه زمانی بین ۱۸ تا ۲۴ ماه بود که تحت عنوان قانون مور شناخته شد. پیش بینی خود مور این بود که قانونش تا ۱۰ سال آینده معتبره چون تا ۱۰ سال آینده ترانزیستورها چنان کوچک می شوند که امکان پذیر نیست این قانون، ولی بعد از اون این قانون ادامه پیدا کرد ولی تغییر سطح می داند یعنی دوره لامپ های خلأ به سر میومد و ترازیستورها پدید میومدن و از اون دوره سیلیکون ها و الان شرایط طوری هست که داریم به سطح یک اتم نزدیک میشیم و وقتی به سطح یک اتم برسیم کارمون تو سطح تمومه و در واقع پارادیم بعدی ساخت CPU های سه بعدی هست (به جای سطوح ۲ بعدی که الان کار میکنن) در سال ۲۰۰۸ مشخص شد این قانون تا سال ۲۰۲۴ ادامه خواهد داشت. یعنی کامپیوترهای که الان وجود دارند بیش از ۱ میلیارد برابر کامپیوتر های اون زمان هست با هزینه یکسان.
در سال ۱۹۸۱ ریموند کروزوویل (مخترع OCR، دستگاه های اسکن) قانون مور رو توسعه داد و گفت فقط در بحث CPU ها نیست که این اتفاق می افتد و این قانون شامل یکسری از فرآ
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Women Composers?
In an interview with Rosner and Abt, Aaron Copland theorized on the topic of creativity in composing. Copland spoke about music being a language that expresses emotions at all times, where the composer only becomes aware of such an emotion when singing or playing a sad song, and then wonders why he is feeling sad. The lack of awareness in the mind of the composer about his feelings seems to exist in the realm of the abstract. Copland wondered about the fact that there had been no great women composers. He said:
There have been great women singers, pianists, violinists, who interpret marvelously well, but for some reason or other, no outstanding composers. People have made an analogy between the fact that there have been no great women mathematicians and no great women composers. Perhaps it's the inability to handle abstract material that defeats them.
In the few studies regarding female composers, their personalities have been shown to be virtually the same as male composers. Kemp administered the 16 Personality Factors Test and found that the female composers were significantly different from female non-composers in their dominance and in their self-sufficiency.
Historically, even rigorously trained women composers became helpmates and muses. Alma Mahler, the wife of Gustav Mahler, was classically trained in turn of the century Vienna, one of the periods described by Gardner as a prime time when geography and Zeitgeist combined for great creativity. Alma Mahler was a serious composer, but her biographer called her a muse, an inspiration to male creatives. After Mahler died, she married Walter Gropius, who founded the Bauhaus, and later Franz Werfel, a writer. She also had long affairs with the composer Alexander yon Zemlinsky, Arnold Schoenberg's teacher, with Ossip Gabrilowitsch, a pianist, and with Oscar Kokoschka, the artist. Monson said "She might have become an important composer; had she been born a century later, she could have been a conductor. As it was, she devoted her life to men whom she considered to be geniuses."
In popular music, according to Carlson, things have changed, temporarily at least, as the title of an article said: Why Women Now Rule Rock. The video director Mary Lambert was quoted as saying that the young women in rock music grew up with role models from the women's movement, and "grew up believing they could achieve in fields that are traditionally male-dominated." Women have now assumed positions in all levels of the rock industry.
In a study conducted by me, 28 girls and 12 boys attending a Governor's Institute for the visual and performing arts, creativity, and writing, revealed no gender differences as measured by the Myers Briggs Type Inventory. The students, aged 13 to 17, scored as INFP types (Introversion, Intuition, Feeling, Perception) and so did the faculty, themselves practicing artists. An INFP Type is "imaginative, independent, reflective, inquisitive, empathic, loyal to ideals, and more interested in possibilities than practicalities."
On the Adjective Check List, the students scored highest on the scales of creative personality, free child, high origence, high intellectence, exhibition, and change. They scored lowest on the counseling readiness scale.
Again, this study confirmed that there were no significant personality differences between creatively gifted males and females. Differences seem to come, as Helson, Getzels and Czikszentmihalyi, and Barron found, in the choices that creative people make after college, a time when commitment and regular effort in the field of creativity matters.
Some feminist scholars and activists have cried out against the research of Gilligan and her colleagues, saying that the notion of relatedness and connectedness reinforces the social discrimination that has kept talented women from achieving. Yet anyone who has worked with adolescent girls had noticed that they are often concerned with social goals more than power and achievement goals. They are more concerned with social relationships than individual achievement and status. Likewise, they are more interested in people than in things. Gender differences in activity interests, personal interests, and range of interests have surfaced among talented children and youth. Role models are extremely important, especially in the home. For example, who helps with math homework is crucial. Usually it is the father, and this gives the message that men know more than women about math. Who interprets the child's experience? Usually it is the mother. Researchers also found that the reinforcers for boys and girls are different, and so were the providers of experience; games and toys and special educational experiences were more likely to be provided for boys.
Parents want their daughters to be "happy" and their boys to be achievers in the professions. Mothers are often likely to tell their daughters, "I wasn't any good at mathematics either," and their sons, "Well, you have the math ability; you just didn't work hard enough." When a child hears these messages, the messages have bearing on how difficult courses are perceived. The child's self-concept about ability to do work in hard courses is affected by these messages. The boys think, "Oh, if I work harder, I'll get an A in calculus." The girls think, "I worked so hard in trigonometry and I only got a "C." Why should I take calculus and ruin my grade point average?" As a result, the course-taking behavior suffers, and thus the final achievement.
Counselors and educators of the talented should also be aware, in helping students to plan for courses and for tests, that there are great gender differences in test results. In 1992, Julian Stanley and his colleagues reported that of 84 commonly administered achievement tests, 83 showed statistical differences favoring males. This has implications for college and graduate school admissions. These tests included the Differential Aptitude Test, the American College Test, Advanced Placement Tests in all fields, the Graduate Records Examinations, and the Scholastic Aptitude Test. The results of these tests cannot be attributed to test bias or gender bias in test items, according to both Stanley and Benbow. Stanley noted that most test makers throw out items that show gender differences, and that studies that have been showing that gender differences are declining are thus misleading. Benbow noted that "there may be many more exceptionally talented males than females in mathematics" basing her conclusion on data from more than a million subjects tested over 20 years, and concluding, "the gender difference in mathematical talent is not an artifact of test item bias."
There are also gender differences in underachievement. Colangelo and Kerr reported that a large-scale study of underachieving students who had scored above 28 (95th percentile) on the American College Test and who had grade point averages below 2.0 showed that the majority were white, middle-class or upper middle-class males. Of females who had scored 28 and who had grade point averages that would indicate underachievement, the grade point averages were between 2.0 and 3.0--that is, the females kept their grade point averages within respectable limits while the boys seemed to be openly rebellious, didn't hand in papers, didn't do homework, and didn't study for tests while still retaining the information required to score so high.
Females underachieve in different ways than males. A 1990 follow-up study was done by George and Caroline Vaillant of forty females who had been in the famous Terman study, Genetic Studies of Genius, where hundreds of high IQ students were followed throughout the years. When they asked the women at age 77 years, they found that their underachievement came after high school when they married and had children. The most creative and productive had the least numbers of children: of the thirty women who were occupationally the most achieving, only five had become mothers, and the whole group had only seven children. The Vaillants said, "For these women, successful career and childrearing were negatively correlated." Studies like this lead to the conclusion that academically talented girls are lost to underachievement during and after college when their need for intimacy and connection overpowers their need for achievement.
Researchers have begun to research this perplexing problem. Why do females, who have achieved high grades in high school, and who have entered college as math/science majors (this is particularly the case with these females), drop out of math/science majors, switch to other majors, and sometimes, even drop out of the achievement stream (e.g. not go to graduate school, not pursue the Ph.D.)?
In a more recent study, Subotnik in following Westinghouse winners, found that the girls who did achieve early, winning Westinghouse prizes in high school, often changed from science majors to other majors in college. They cited lack of interest on the part of science professors as one of the reasons. Knowing what we now know about the necessity for a feeling of connectedness in young women, it would seem that colleges that enroll female creative scientists should make efforts to follow these girls and provide them with suitable counseling. In Subotnik's study of the Westinghouse science prize winners, all but one of the women had switched to other fields or dropped out of the science pipeline by the time they got their Ph.D.s, in their mid-twenties. When it came time to go for a postdoctoral fellowship, the last two females still in hard science made their choices. One had a boyfriend who was being transferred to a western city with less prestigious universities. She decided not to take the most prestigious postdoctoral fellowship and to follow him to his new job. The other stayed at the prestigious university. She had no boyfriend.
Some tentative answers were forthcoming in Benbow's 1992 paper. The math/science females were often identified with their fathers: "Perhaps most interesting was that the career choices of these exceptional females often corresponded to their father's career field. That is, these extremely mathematically talented females were following in their father's footsteps." A further conclusion was that mentioned above; that females dropped out as a result of the quality of their junior high school and senior high school academic experiences. Arnold suggested that the young women do not absorb the tacit knowledge, the practical knowledge that is necessary for building a career; they do not understand or cannot break into the informal networks of connections and acquaintances, of mentors and mentees, that are necessary in building any career.
Still, most students who are targeted in school for special intervention for underachievement are boys, just as most students who are in special education programs are boys. Girls often achieve well enough not to be noticed as underachievers; their underachievement comes in course selection and in getting the gentlewoman's low B instead of the rebellious gentleman's low C.
How does a talented student proceed in a career? Taking the courses is not enough. Tacit knowledge, an aspect of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence is necessary. What does one do besides take courses, and get good grades, in order to position oneself for success in a career? Tacit knowledge is cognizance of what one must do in order to proceed. This knowledge is often imparted casually, if at all, during a student's life. Sometimes this knowledge is conveyed over what came to be called "the old boys' network," at the golf course, in the private men's club or fraternity, and the talented female might not know what she should do. Arnold said that while girls and women perceive themselves as good students, they have difficulty in "imagining their career ends." In her study of Illinois valedictorians, Arnold said, "Not only do they have difficulty imagining exactly how career and family will be combined but vocational ends themselves are unclear. " Arnold said,
A major reason many women find it difficult to develop the base of untaught practical knowledge for envisioning, planning, and implementing high level careers is a lack of support, mentorship, and significant interaction with faculty. The most successful women in the valedictorian study were unusual in receiving special opportunities and attention from faculty. Most of the study women did not become close to any faculty person.
Group and individual counseling, and the enlisting of faculty mentors for talented young women is especially important in late high school and in late college years. One young woman quoted by Arnold said of her high school counselors and teachers, who didn't dissuade her from dropping out of honors mathematics:
I'm not exactly sure why I dropped out of the honors math program. Part of it was my own fault. But I wished someone had counseled me to really stick it out. I think I would have liked a little more encouragement. For someone to say, "You can do it, Pam." My counselors seemed to accept it as perfectly natural that I would drop out of the math program and not take advanced biology. I think if I'd taken advanced biology in high school I would have realized how interesting I'd find it.
Many of the most successful and productive scientific creators were precocious, which means they began their career productivity earlier than other scientists. This holds true for other creative people as well, including artists, writers, and musicians. The earlier a person begins to be productive, the more productive that person is likely to be. Simonton noted that being productive early in life is about the best single predictor of how productive a creative person will be. He said this early productivity applies to all creativity domains. In fact, the statistics are so compelling that "the odds that 'late bloomers' will establish a scientific reputation are minuscule." Simonton quoted Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., saying, "lf you haven't cut your name on the door of fame by the time you've reached 40, you might as well put up your jackknife."
The necessity to achieve early and to continue producing, and the necessity for commitment and intensity in pursuing a career that calls for creativity, may work against women. Females have different career and productivity patterns. Females, because of reproductive and family necessity may peak later than males and may begin their career productivity later. It might then be too late for genuine eminence in the field. The bind of delaying having children, or having children early and not being able to single-mindedly create, seems to be the crux of the problem for many creative women.
Thus it is evident, as Gruber and Davis found, that the seeds of adult achievement are within the youth. The predictive behaviors of these youth were evident early. Young creative writers read and write; young visual artists think visually and draw; young musicians demonstrate their auditory talents; young dancers and athletes like to move; young scientists have oddly classified collections; young mathematicians often think in algorithms. Young inventors tinker. Young entrepreneurs are enterprising. Young actors would seem to be the ones in whom it would be most difficult to find predictive behaviors, although the two check lists mentioned earlier seem helpful. Family support and approval is necessary in the families of all these talented youth. Tying the identification measures more closely to the specific domain behaviors expected would seem to be the logical choice for school districts who want to identify those with talent. However, personality traits are extremely important in the realization of potential, so it would seem, at the elementary school level, that the development of personality traits such as risk taking, assertiveness, androgyny, flexibility, imagination, and intuition should be part of the curricular agenda. How to develop such aspects of personality is the instructional challenge.
There is some evidence that early personality attributes are stable over the years. Another study that Helson undertook was longitudinal. Following 51 women in the 1958 and 1960 classes of Mills College specially selected because of tests and checklists which showed they possessed creative potential, the newly named Institute of Personality and Social Research (ISPR), retested the women through mailings when they were 27, 53, 52, and 60. Helson found that some of the women were "well-known novelists, choreographers, psychotherapists, journalists, and academics" and others were "teachers, social workers, administrators, entrepreneurs and housewives." The longitudinal work showed that when a person is assessed as having a creative personality at a young age, the creative personality endures.
However, Helson noted the importance of surroundings and relationships. These could interfere with and impede and also enhance and empower the women to create the works that would mark them as creative producers. Personality attributes such as openness and unconventionality were related to "intrapsychic personality growth," which was defined as a continued tolerance for ambiguity and a growth in intellectuality over the years. Creative achievement was fostered by having a strong sense of identity and generativity, or the desire to pass along what the women knew to the younger generations.
Decisions made in high school are important but not irrevocable. The presence of "late bloomers" in the ranks of the talented is under-researched. In the literature on talented adults, most thinkers give a timeline that is somewhat rigid. The lives of those who would go into science, mathematics, and technology are said to be so circumscribed that one cannot make a world class contribution if one does not get a Ph.D. in their early twenties. Women and rebels need not apply.
Yet, so few people make world class contributions that the phenomenon may not be really worth talking about, even in talent development education circles. Students should be made aware of their potential whether or not they are on the timeline needed for world class contributions. Re-entry into a career path after years of child care, or after bumming around the world and having adventures, is possible. Making significant contributions to the chosen field is also possible, even after the age of forty, fifty, sixty. Changing careers and trying something new is also possible.
Even in elementary school, gender differences become apparent. Dance is more often thought to be appropriate for girls, and getting good grades in science and mathematics are expectations for boys. Students themselves assimilate gender expectations early. These expectations are amalgamations of expectations and observations that students make. Eccles and her colleagues have studied gender socialization and found that parents and teachers had different gender socialization. Boys were socialized even early more toward math and science and sports such as baseball, football, and soccer, and less into drama, art, and music. Girls were socialized early into verbal areas and into drama, dance, art, and music. Their parents support them once they do make these choices. And there is even less basis if these socializers actively discourage such consideration.
In a recent article on postmodern curriculum theory, I asked this question: is this so bad? The dearth of women in technical and high academic fields in mathematics and science is comparable to the dearth of men in the fields of teaching and certain arts. If pay were equal, would this be a bad thing? Most of the researchers into the gender differences in the field of the education of the gifted and talented are women, and most of them seem to devalue the humanities and the arts and to push for the entry of women into the sciences and mathematics.
We are all familiar with the studies of the American Association of University Women and of Sadker and Sadker which led to the conclusion that the academically talented female is at risk. Such statements as these by Magda Lewis are common among academically talented women:
In the seventeen years of formal education that preceded my graduate studies I had not studied the history, culture, and political realities of women, of the laboring classes, of racial and ethnic minorities, of gays and lesbians. This is all the more remarkable when I consider that my area of study was the great thinkers of Western intellectual tradition.
Joanne Pagano, an educational researcher, also had this kind of experience:
As a student, I was exposed to all sorts of studies and "-ologies" that taught me, objectively and disinterestedly, against my own experience, that women are, in more ways than I can count, inferior. I call
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100 kr
3 yaşında: 1.850 kr
4-6 yaşında: 2.100 kr
7-10 yaşında: 2.690 kr
11-14 yaşında: 3.120 kr
15-18 yaşında: 3.540 kr
19-20 yaşında: 3.570 kr
Evdeki kişi sayısına göre ortak hane halkı gideri:
1 kişi: 950 kr
2 kişi: 1.060 kr
3 kişi: 1.330 kr
4 kişi: 1.520 kr
5 kişi: 1.740 kr
6 kişi: 1980 kr
7 kişi: 2.150 kr
Fazladan her bir kişi için de 170 kr eklenir.
Aynı hanede yaşayan (evli olmayan ya da birliktelik yaşamayan) her yetişkine bir kişisel yardım (2.980 kr) yapılır ve ayrıca onun için de bir kişilik ortak hane gideri payı verilir.
Örneğin 5 kişilik bir hanede yaşayan ayrı bir yetişkine verilecek yardım şöyle hesaplanır:
Ortak hane gideri 1.740/5 + 3.090 (kişisel geçim yardımı) = 3.328 kr.
Asgari sosyal yardım tutarı olan riksnorm hesaplamasında o hanede kaç kişi yaşadığı, çocukların yaşı, okul durumu, çocukların öğle yemeğini evde mi yoksa okulda mı yediği ve evdeki yetişkinlerin evli ya da birlikte mi oldukları göz önünde tutulmaktadır.
Sosyal Hizmetler Genel Müdürlüğü (Socialstyrelsen) verilerine göre İsveç’te 2015 yılının tümünde yaklaşık 415.500 muhtaç kişiye 10 milyar 600 milyon kron sosyal yardım parası ödenmiştir.
Ne diyelim ?
Sverige är fantastisk !
Türkçesi şu: İsveç harika bir ülkedir !
Değerini bilelim !
Gerçekte hiç muhtaç olmayan ama gerçek muhtaçların hakkını alarak, işlerini zorlaştıran ve yardıma başvuran yabancı kökenli gerçek muhtaçlara önyargıyla yaklaşılmasına neden olan aç gözlüleri bildiğimizde, gördüğümüzde ya da duyduğumuzda belediyesine hatta polise bile ihbar etmekten lütfen çekinmeyelim !
TANER YILDIZThe great cholesterol con finally unravels: Researchers find lowering cholesterol has NO EFFECT on risk of heart disease or death
Common dietary advice is to avoid saturated fats and instead consume polyunsaturated fats, like those found in vegetable oils. But this dietary consensus is starting to crack in the face of study after study showing no health benefit to avoiding saturated fat.
The most recent study was conducted by researchers from the universities of North Carolina and Illinois, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, and published in the British Medical Journal. It found that while a diet that replaced saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat did cause blood cholesterol to drop, this led to no change in the risk of heart disease or death.
Except among the people who had the greatest drop in blood cholesterol. Those became more likely to die.
Cholesterol? Saturated fat? Probably fine
The researchers re-analyzed data gathered from the 1970s Minnesota Coronary Experiment, in which 9,423 residents of state mental hospitals and a nursing home were randomly assigned to either keep the same diet or to replace butter and other saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats (in the form of margarine and corn oil).
There was no connection at all between polyunsaturated fat consumption and heart disease risk.
The study did not examine another category of fats, monounsaturated fats, found in high levels in olive oil and many nuts.
The researchers concluded that there has been an "overestimation of the benefits of replacing saturated fat with vegetable oils."
British cardiologist Aseem Malhotra, and adviser to the National Obesity Forum, agrees.
"The public health message needs to change to focus on d ietary changes that are proven to improve health and that means following a high fat Mediterranean style diet."
The official consensus on cholesterol has already started to change. In 2015, the United States became the last nation on earth to drop its warning against dietary chole sterol, after the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee concluded that there is no scientific evidence of a connection between cholesterol intake and heart disease.
Even so, the government was reluctant to abandon its former position entirely, and still recommends "eat[ing] as little dietary cholesterol as possible." In spite of – it bears repeating – absolutely no evidence that dietary cholesterol is bad for your health.
The U.S. Dietary Guidelines still recommend that people limit their intake of saturated f at, but evidence suggests that this may be the next false dietary idol to fall. A number of major studies have repeatedly shown that people with a high saturated fat intake are no more likely to die early than people who eat less of it.
In 2015, a paper in the British Medical Journal reviewed the results of 50 prior studies into the connection between saturated fats, trans fats and health outcomes. They found strong evidence that trans fats are dangerous – a 21 percent increase in h eart disease risk, a 28 percent increase in death from coronary heart disease risk, and a 34 percent increase in risk of early death from all causes.
They found no evidence that saturated fats are bad for health. None.
It was the sixth study in recent years to find the same thing: Trans fats are terrible for your body. Saturated fats seem to do no harm. Other studies, in fact, have suggested that saturated fats, as essential nutrients, actively promote good health.
Drug industry will resist new findings
Why are government agencies and the medical establishment so reluctant to abandon their outdated guidelines in the face of overwhelming new evidence? In part, people are simply slow to change their ideas.
In part, it is likely due to the disproportionate influence of the drug industry, which wants to keep a high market for its blockbuster cholesterol-lowering drugs, statins – the best-selling prescription drugs of all time.
Scientists are now beginning to challenge the blind acceptance that has characterized the establishment attitude toward statins since their introduction 20 years ago. Strong proof that the drugs effectively lower blood cholesterol levels by blocking the activity of an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis caused sta tins to be quickly embraced as a "miracle drug." The threshold for people to be placed on these drugs for life continues to drop.
But as the most recent study has reiterated, blood cholesterol may be a marker for heart dise ase, but it's certainly not a cause. And according to a study published in the Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology in 2015, statins may actually increase the risk of heart disease.
Another study published in the same journal last year reviewed prior studies on the safety and effectiveness of the drugs. It found that the effectiveness of the drugs was only a paltry 1 percent reduction in heart disease risk, not the 36 to 54 percent claimed by the drug companies. At the same time, it found shockingly high rates of serious side effects.
"Increased rates of cancer, cataracts, diabetes, cognitive impairments and musculoskeletal disorders more than offset the modest cardiovascular benefits of statin treatment," the researchers wrote.
Sources for this article include:Most people typically experience time as if they’re moving toward the future and away from the past.
Common expressions about time is that it flies, marches on, or flows like a river. Meaning, human descriptions of time are closely linked to our experiences of moving through space.
Interestingly, new research suggests the illusions that influence how we perceive movement through space also influence our perception of time - offering evidence that our experiences of space and time have even more in common than previously thought.
The research, conducted by psychological scientist Eugene Caruso of the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and colleagues, was recently published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.
"It seemed to us that psychological scientists have neglected the important fact that, in everyday experience, people don’t evaluate the past and the future in exactly the same way," explained Caruso.
From research on spatial perception, we know that people feel closer to objects they are moving toward than those they are moving away from, even if the objects are exactly the same distance away. Because our perceptions of time are grounded in our experiences of space, Caruso and his colleagues hypothesized that the same illusion should influence how we experience time, resulting in what they call a temporal Doppler effect.
Surveying college students and commuters at a train station, the researchers found that people perceived times in the future (i.e., one month and one year from now) as closer to the present than equidistant times in the past (i.e., one month and one year ago).
Similarly, participants who completed an online survey one week before Valentine’s Day felt that the holiday was closer to the present than those who were surveyed a week after Valentine’s Day.
These findings hint at the relationship between movement in space and perceptions of time; to establish a direct link between the two, the researchers conducted a fourth study using a virtual reality environment.
Wearing a head-mounted display, college students were immersed in a scene with a two-lane road flanked by trees, streetlights, and buildings. Some of the students experienced the scene as though they were walking toward a bubbling fountain at the end of the road, whereas others felt as though they were walking backwards, away from the fountain. Later, the students reported how far away a date (three weeks in the future or three weeks in the past) felt to them.
Only those students who moved forward reported that the future felt closer than the past; students who experienced a mismatch between their movement (i.e., backward) and the direction of the event (i.e., future) showed no temporal Doppler effect.
These results confirm that our perceptions of time are grounded in our experiences of movement through space: We tend to feel closer to the future because we feel like we’re moving toward it.
Caruso and colleagues argue that this orientation toward the future isn’t merely a perceptual quirk; they believe it serves an important purpose. Obviously, humans haven’t yet mastered the art of time travel, so we can’t change the past.
However, we can prepare ourselves for the future - perceiving future events as closer may be a psychological mechanism that helps us to approach, avoid, or otherwise cope with the events we encounter.
The researchers hope to explore the functional aspects of the temporal Doppler effect in additional experiments. For example, is the effect associated with healthy psychological functioning? Are people who show a reverse asymmetry - experiencing the past as closer than the future - more prone to negative outcomes like rumination and depression? Does eliminating the effect make us worse at creating plans and making decisions about the future?
"This research is important because the idea of psychological distance is central to theory and research in every subfield of psychology," said Caruso.
"This includes social, developmental, cognitive, clinical. Yet, there has been an implicit assumption that distance to the past is the same as distance to the future."
While philosophers may debate the directionality of time, these studies suggest that our subjective experience of time is clearly directional.
"Our work suggests instead that there is a systematic difference in people’s perceptions of distance to the past and the future," Caruso concluded.Physicists from the University of York have carried out new research into how the heating effect of an experimental cancer treatment works.
Magnetic hyperthermia is viewed as an attractive approach for the treatment of certain cancers as it has no known side effects compared to more conventional therapies such as chemotherapy. It is particularly suitable for the treatment of prostate cancer and brain tumours. However, until now there has been no clear theoretical understanding of how it actually works.
Treatment by magnetic hyperthermia involves injecting magnetic nanoparticles directly into a tumour then placing the patient in a machine which produces an alternating magnetic field. The nanoparticles oscillate and heat is produced inside the tumour tissue. When the temperature rises above 42ºC cells begin to die. This heating process has been demonstrated to reduce tumour size.
The study, by researchers from the University of York’s Department of Physics and Liquids Research Ltd, of Bangor, North Wales, showed that the amount of heat generated by magnetic nanoparticles can be understood when both the physical and hydrodynamic size distributions for the samples are known to high accuracy.
Lead author Dr Gonzalo Vallejo-Fernandez, from York’s Department of Physics, said: “While clinical trials have shown the potential of magnetic nanoparticles for cancer treatment, the mechanisms by which the heat is generated have not been fully understood. This understanding is critical to produce particles with optimised properties for specific applications at minimal dose.”
Previously the heat generated was impossible to predict as several mechanisms were involved. The new work has identified and quantified the mechanisms so that work can now begin to determine the dosage required for effective treatment.
Dr Vallejo-Fernandez said: “Through our study we have produced the first comprehensive assessment of how the heating effect in magnetic hyperthermia works. We are now in a position where we can do further work to calculate accurately the dose of magnetic nanoparticles and length of treatment required.”
For the study, the researchers used magnetic nanoparticles produced by a new technique by Liquids Research Ltd, which was developed under the EU project MULTIFUN (Multifunctional Nanotechnology for Selective Detection and Treatment of Cancer). The nanoparticles are very uniform in size and well separated, which enabled detailed experiments to be performed which broadly confirmed the accuracy of the calculations.
Dr Vijay Patel, Director of Liquids Research Ltd, said: “The development of this new theory coincided with our work on the new process to fabricate the nanoparticles enabling us to ‘design’ almost ideal particles for this application.”
Source: University of Yorkکارگردان فرانسوی هشت سال پس از اینکه در زوریخ دستگیر شد، امروز در جشنواره سینمایی این شهر حاضر میشود. نیک زی ، هشت سال پیش درحالیکه رومن پولانسکی در جشنواره فیلم زوریخ شرکت کرده بود تا جایزه یک عمر دستاورد هنری را دریافت کند، توسط پلیس دستگیر شد. مقامات سوئیسی وی را تا فرودگاه زوریخ همراهی کردند و به درخواست مقامات آمریکایی به اتهام تجاوز به دختری ۱۳ ساله در سال ۱۹۷۷ وی راهی زندان شد. پس از دو ماه اقامت در زندان، پولانسکی چندین ماه تحت بازداشت خانگی بود و سرانجام مقامات سوئیس تصمیم گرفتند او را به آمریکا تحویل ندهند.
این کارگردان دیروز دوشنبه در جشنواره زوریخ حضور مییابد تا جدیدترین فیلمش با عنوان «برمبنای یک داستان واقعی» را که با همکاری همسرش امانوئله سیگنر که بازیگر این فیلم هم هست، معرفی کند. پولانسکی سال ۲۰۱۴ نیز یک سفر به سوئیس کرد و در جشنواره لوکارنو جایزه یک عمر دستاورد هنری را دریافت کرد. در همین حال حضور پولانسکی در جشنواره سینمایی زوریخ با اعتراض سیاستمداران و روزنامههای محلی روبهرو شده بود. این دوره جشنواره زوریخ از ۲۸ سپتامبر تا ۸ اکتبر ۲۰۱۷ (۷ مهر تا ۱۷ مهر) در حال برگزاری است.
گــــرد آوری : نیکـــــ زی
منبع : خبرگزاری مهرتاثیر شگفت انگیز یک کلمه در موفقیت شما
در این مقاله جذاب، به توصیه مهمی از رولف وبلی اشاره کرده ایم. پس همراه ما باشید!
یک پیام از بلندگو پخش می شود: “مسافران توجه کنند، پرواز ۱۲۳ سه ساعت تاخیر دارد”. من به دفتر هواپیمایی رفتم تا علتش را بپرسم. وقتی برگشتم چیزی بیشتر از قبل نمی دانستم. بسیار عصبانی بودم. آنها به چه حقی به ما بی توجهی می کنند؟ یک خط هوایی دیگر دست کم برای مسافران آن قدر ارزش قائل است که اعلام کنند: “پرواز ۵۶۷ به علت مشکلات عملیاتی سه ساعت تاخیر دارد.”
بین این جمله و آن جمله هیچ تفاوتی وجود ندارد اما…
ما انسان ها برای برقراری یک تعامل اثربخش با دیگران لازم است و باید رفتارهای خود را توجیه کنیم. وقتی رفتارهایمان را توجیه می کنیم، خیلی مهم نیست که بهانه ما خوب باشد یا نه، دیگران را با یک حس بردباری و سودمندی مواجه می کنیم.
الن لانجر روانشناس دانشگاه هاروارد در دهه ۷۰ آزمایشی جالب انجام داد. وی در یک کتابخانه عمومی منتظر تشکیل یک صف طولانی در مقابل دستگاه کپی می ماند. سپس سراغ نفر اول صف می رفت و می پرسید: “ببخشید من ۵ صفحه دارم امکان دارد از دستگاه کپی استفاده کنم؟” درخواست وی در ۶۰ درصد موارد پذیرفته میشد. در روزهای بعد وی آزمایش خود را تکرار کرد اما به جای عبارت بالا این بار با ذکر دلیل درخواست خود را مطرح میکرد: “ببخشید. من ۵ صفحه دارم. امکان دارد از دستگاه کپی استفاده کنم؟ برای اینکه عجله دارم.” این بار در ۹۴ درصد موارد توانست از برگه های خود کپی بگیرد.
نکته شگفت انگیز این است که وی آزمایش خود را مجدداً تکرار نمود و این بار به جای عبارت بالا از عبارت زیر استفاده کرد: “ببخشید. من ۵ صفحه دارم. امکان دارد قبل از شما از دستگاه کپی استفاده کنم. برای اینکه باید چند تا کپی بگیرم!”
نتایج شگفت انگیز بود. هر چند بهانه ذکر شده بسیار الکی و پیش پا افتاده بود اما در ۹۳ درصد موارد موفق شد جلوتر از بقیه کپی بگیرد.
توصیه برای زندگی شخصی:
بنابراین هیچ وقت بدون «برای اینکه» از خانه خارج نشو. همین عبارت کوچک و ساده چرخ های روابط انسانی را به چرخش درمی آورد. و بقیه اعضای خانواده احساس خوبی خواهند داشت که در جریان چرایی رفتن شما هستند.Target: The European Union
Goal: Change the constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina so all ethnic groups are afforded equal rights
The ethnically-divided war in Bosnia and Herzegovina was ostensibly put to an end during the Dayton Peace Accords of 1995. During this time, a constitution was drafted for the country with the help of the European Union and the United States. While this constitution was meant to put an end to the largely ethno-centric war and give the different ethnic groups that make up the diverse Balkan country equal rights, some ethnic groups were left out and are still experiencing discrimination today.
While the largest ethnic groups that make up Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats) are explicitly protected under the constitution, smaller ethnic groups; namely Jews and Romas (widely known as Gypsies), are not guaranteed the same human rights as the predominant ethnic groups.
The most blatant lack of equality comes in the form of government representation. Only Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats are allowed to run for the presidency or for the House of Peoples. The agreements reached in 1995 were meant to usher in a new, peaceful era for the historically hostile Balkan region and attempt to ensure equal rights for all
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بیان اینکه بخشنامه دولت برای تدوین بودجه سال 1399 کل کشور ابلاغ شده است، تصریح کرد: شهرداری باید از همه ظرفیت خود استفاده کند تا پیشنهادهای خود برای سهم دولت در یارانه بلیت مترو و اتوبوس، کمک به توسعه حملونقل عمومی، اوراق مشارکت و سایر کمکهای دولت را در طرح اولیه لایحه بودجه بگنجاند. شهردار تهران نیز از فرصت حضور در هیات دولت برای دفاع از این پیشنهادها استفاده کرده و پساز آن نیز باید تلاش کنیم تا این پیشنهادها در مجلس به نتیجه برسد. وی اضافه کرد: تاکنون حدود 10 تا 15 مورد پیشنهاد برای درج در بودجه برای مجلس شورای اسلامی آمادهشده است که به نظر میرسد نیاز به رایزنی و تلاش گسترده برای نتیجه رسیدن آن از طریق مجمع کلانشهرها، نمایندگان مجلس و کمیسیون خاص تهران و کلانشهرهای هیات دولت وجود دارد. مشاور شهردار تهران همچنین در گزارشی از آخرین وضعیت بررسی لایحه مالیات بر ارزش افزوده در کمیسیونهای مجلس شورای اسلامی گفت و ادامه داد: بر اساس بند 3 ماده 41 لایحه که به تصویب کمیسیون مربوطه رسیده، سهم عوارض شهرداریها از 3 درصد به 4 درصد افزایش پیدا کرده است و باید تلاش کنیم تا پیشنهاد کمیسیون در مجلس به تصویب برسد.Stanotte ho sognato una pubblicità: quattro gemelli, intorno ad un palo, fumavano quattro tipi di sigarette diverse ed una tipa veniva attratta da uno o dall'altro gemello in base all'odore che emanava (quello assorbito dalla pelle in base al tabacco fumato). Solo che poi tutto diventava tragedia ed apparivano i segni del male di fumare, come un viso devastato dal cancro o cose del genere.
Poi ho sognato di un articolo di giornale in cui si diceva che una ragazza aveva cominciato a fumare perché voleva avere lo stesso odore che avevano i suoi amici maschietti, ma, dopo qualche anno, si era resa conto che l'odore di tabacco da lei emanato era diverso, perché lei era di sesso femminile.
Dopo questi sogni tabagiferi, ho sognato di aver scritto un libro troppo divertente su politici di tutto il mondo e cose del genere. Così divertente che mi sono svegliato ed ho ridacchiato per un po'. Poi la maggior parte delle cose, da sveglio, non mi è sembrata così divertente, quindi ho smesso di ridacchiare e mi sono riaddormentato.- A+
本文是小编2021年自考《西方政治制度》真题及答案，自考考生可参考试卷题型、分值、重点考试内容及答题规范。以下真题供考生们参考，准备10月的自学考试。
一、单项选择题：本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1.【题干】克里斯梯尼改革后，公民大会的执行机关是( )。
【选项】
A.400人议事会
B.陪审法庭
C.500人议事会
D.十将军委员会
【答案】C
【解析】克里斯梯尼将梭伦改革的议事会规模扩大为500人，负责为公民大会准备决议，并执行公民大会的决议。
2.【题干】在中世纪的佛罗伦萨共和国，最高行政机关是( )。
【选项】
A.长老会议
B.100人会
C.小议会
D.大议会
【答案】A
【解析】在中世纪的佛罗伦萨共和国，最高行政机关是长老会议，长老会议既是城市最高行政首脑，也是城市武装的最高指挥。
3.【题干】美国授予妇女选举权的第一个州是( )。
【选项】
A.罗得岛州
B.怀俄明州
C.马里兰州
D.新泽西州
【答案】B
【解析】1890年，怀俄明州加入联邦，成为授予妇女选举权的第一个州。
4.【题干】在英国、美国、法国等大多数西方国家，目前选民的最低年龄为( )。
【选项】
A.16岁
B.18岁
C.20岁
D.21岁
【答案】B
【解析】历史上西方各国对选民的要求一般都偏高，现在大部分国家将选民最低年龄降到18岁。
5.【题干】下列西方国家的选民资格中，属于消极要件的是( )。
【选项】
A.具有本国国籍
B.达到一定年龄
C.居住满一定期限
D.不能被剥夺政治权利
【答案】D
【解析】消极要件是指取得选举权时不容许存在的状态，一般包括两个方面的情形：
(1)不能患有精神病或其他无法正确表达意识的疾病;
(2)不能被剥夺政治权利。
6.【题干】美国政治术语中的“杰里蝾螈”指的是( )。
【选项】
A.候选人必须交纳一定的选举保证金
B.通过文化测试作为选民登记的先决条件
C.竞选资金的来源与使用情况应公开
D.为政治目的而不公正地划分选区
【答案】D
【解析】“杰里蝾螈”一词起源于1812年，美国马萨诸塞州的共和党籍州长杰里为了让本党获胜，利用职权蓄意将选区划分，把敌对党的候选人票源集中在少数地区，以保护自己党派的候选人不成比例地当选。于是对手将州长的名字组合成杰里蝾螈以示嘲讽。
7.【题干】最早创立两党制的国家是( )。
【选项】
A.美国
B.英国
C.德国
D.加拿大
【答案】B
【解析】19世纪30年代，托利党演变成保守党，辉格党演变成自由党，成为最早的两个资产阶级政党，英国成为产生政党最早的国家。
8.【题干】在二战后的德国，只在巴伐利亚州发展组织并开展活动的政党是( )。
【选项】
A.社会民主党
B.基督教民主联盟
C.基督教社会联盟
D.自由民主党
【答案】C
【解析】小党中，基督教社会联盟是基民盟的友党，只在巴伐利亚州发展组织并开展活动，而自由民主党是中间政党，不单独执政。
9.【题干】党内派系林立且都以政策研究会作为正式派别组织的是( )。
【选项】
A.英国工党
B.法国共产党
C.美国共和党
D.日本自民党
【答案】D
【解析】日本自民党党内派别竞争的典型，该党内部派系林立，各个派别都以政策研究会作为正式的派别制，并拥有某个资深的议员作为派别领袖，被人们形容为“战国群雄”的局面。
10.【题干】自二战结束到1990年，意大利最大的政治党派和最主要的执政党是( )。
【选项】
A.社会党
B.社会民主党
C.自由党
D.天主教民主党
【答案】D
【解析】自二战结束到1990年，意大利最大的政治党派和最主要的执政党是天主教民主党。
二、多项选择题：本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分。在每小题列出的备选项中至少有两项是符合题目要求的，请将其选出，错选、多选或少选均无分。
21.【题干】研究西方政治制度的分析工具主要有( )。
【选项】
A.阶级分析
B.制度分析
C.历史分析
D.文化分析
E.系统分析
【答案】ABCDE
【解析】在历史唯物主义的指导下，在坚持比较分析为研究取向的前提下，还有一些具体的研究方法可以作为研究西方政治制度的分析工具。如阶级分析、制度分析、历史分析、文化分析、系统分析等。
【考点】导言——研究西方政治制的方法
22.【题干】在让·布丹的主权理论中，最高权力的涵义是指( )。
【选项】
A.绝对的权力
B.永恒的权力
C.不可转让的权力
D.有限的权力
E.可以代表的权力
【答案】ABC
【解析】让·布丹认为最高权力具有三个方面的涵义：绝对的、永恒的和不可转让的权力。
【考点】西方政治制度的基本原则——主权在民原则
23.【题干】下列政党中，属于体制内政党的有( )。
【选项】
A.日本自民党
B.法国社会党
C.美国共和党
D.德国社会民主党
E.英国国家党
【答案】ABCD
【解析】体质内政党有英国的保守党和工党，美国的民主党和共和党，法国的保卫共和联盟、人民运动联盟、社会党，德国的基督教民主联盟、社会民主党、自由民主党，日本的自民党、民主党、公明党等。
【考点】西方国家的政党与利益集团——西方现代政党的产生
24.【题干】在西方国家，有权提出法案的主体主要有( )。
【选项】
A.议员
B.政府
C.议会中的委员会
D.国家元首
E.一定数量的公民
【答案】ABCDE
【解析】根据目前西方各国的宪法和立法实践，有权提出法案的主体有：
(1)议员;
(2)政府;
(3)议会中的委员会;
(4)国家元首;
(5)一定数量的公民。
【考点】西方国家的议会制度——议会的工作程序和议事规则
25.【题干】现代西方国家的政府体制主要有( )。
【选项】
A.内阁制
B.总统制
C.元首制
D.半总统制
E.委员会制
【答案】ABDE
【解析】目前西方国家的政府体制主要分为四种类型，它们是内阁制、总统制、半总统制和委员会制。
【考点】西方国家的中央政府制度——政府的体制
26.【题干】下列选项中，属于一般地域型地方政府的有( )。
【选项】
A.英国的郡
B.法国的大区
C.法国的海外省
D.美国的县
E.俄罗斯的自治州
【答案】ABD
【解析】英国的郡政府、法国的大区政府、美国的县政府等都是一般地域型政府，虽然它们管辖的地域有大有小。
【考点】西方国家的地方政府制度——地方政府的类型与层级
三、名词解释题：本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分。
27.【题干】十将军委员会
【答案】十将军委员会是雅典城邦的最高军事机构，由十个将军组成，他们由公民大会从年满40岁的公民选举产生，并得连选连任。
【考点】西方政治制度的历史变迁——古希腊城邦的政治制度
这里只可以看，下载万题库估分，还可以练，可以看解析【点击下载】
28.【题干】白人预选制
【答案】白人预选制是指南方各州规定只有白人才能参加民主党的候选人投票，以此来阻止黑人参加投票。
【考点】西方国家的选举制度——西方选举制度的产生和发展
29.【题干】影子内阁
【答案】为便于对政府进行监督，由“法定的反对党”建立一个“影子内阁”。这是一个机构和职位与执政党内阁相对应的机构，它的职能是负责研究政府的各项政策，以便对政府的施政进行监督和质询，并随时准备取代执政党上台执政，因此也被视为“预备政府”。
【考点】西方国家的政党与利益集团——西方国家的政党政治及其运行
这里只可以看，下载万题库估分，还可以练，可以看解析【点击下载】
30.【题干】“戴高乐体制”
【答案】半总统制又称为半总统半议会制，是一种兼有内阁制特点和总体制特点的混合政府体制。戴高乐在创立法国的半总统制过程中发挥不可代替的重要作用，因此它也被称为“戴高乐体制”。
【考点】西方国家的中央政府制度——政府的体制
31.【题干】法官专职制
【答案】西方国家的法官在任职期间不得兼任其他职务，包括兼任政府职务、议会议员，从事营利性的职业、除教学以外的盈利性活动，不得从事党派政治活动，也不能竞选议会议员，除非辞去法官的职务。
【考点】西方国家的司法制度——司法程序与审判制度
四、简答题：本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分。
32.【题干】简述雅典城邦民主制的局限和困境。
【答案】(1)雅典城邦民主制是建立在奴隶制基础上的，仍是少数人的民主。
(2)在雅典居民的生活中，存在私人生活与公共生活的尖锐冲突。
(3)在雅典城邦民主政治制度下，在强调多数人裁定的时候没有相应地保护少数人的权利，这很容易导致多数暴政(陶片放逐法)。
(4)雅典城邦民主制频繁举行的大规模集会不可避免会导致民主质量的下降。
【考点】西方政治制度的历史变迁——古希腊城邦政治制度
33.【题干】在西方国家，代议制机关的议事规则应符合哪些要求?
【答案】(1)议事规则必须是事先制定的，并以法律的形式加以规定。
(2)议事的规则要体现平衡原则，保护代表各种不同人群的代表的权利。
(3)所有决定都必须经过充分自由的辩论协商之后才能做出，每个人都有权利通过辩论说服其他人接受自己的意志。
【考点】西方政治制度的基本原则——代议制原则
34.【题干】简述二战以来西方国家政府首脑权力高度集中的原因。
【答案】(1)政府首脑拥有的任免政府成员及改组内阁的权力使得部长和大臣们越来越依附于他。
(2)现代政府所面临的复杂的国内外形势越来越需要政府特别是其首脑快速作出决策。
(3)政府首脑参与的各类活动使他很容易成为新闻报道的焦点并成为内阁政策的权威发言人。
【考点】西方国家的中央政府制度——政府的职能和决策体制
35.【题干】简述西方国家司法审查的主要内容。
【答案】(1)国家机关之间的权限争执，尤其是议会与政府之间可能发生有关宪法权力界限的争议。
(2)国家整体与部分之间、中央与地方之间以及地方与地方之间的权限争执。
(3)有关宪法所保障的公民权利的案件，如言论自由、宗教自由问题、选举的合法性问题，等等。
【考点】西方国家的司法制度——司法审查制度
五、论述题：本题12分。
36.【题干】试述西方国家城市政府职能的扩大及面临的困境。
【答案】(1)城市政府职能和责任的增加，特别是社会保障方面开支的大幅上升，需要与之相称的经费支撑，而政府的财力资源是有限的，又无获取新资源的良策，于是陷入了财政危机之中。
(2)城市政府职能的膨胀相应地导致了政府机构及人员的大量增加，从而增加了协调和控制的成本，并易滋生官僚主义作风，而这与过度密集的人口一道更是造成了管理危机。
(3)城市政府职能的扩张使市民对政府的依赖加大、期望增高，与此同时政府却因资金短缺和管理难题而能力不足，其结果是政府形象受损和普遍存在的信任危机。
【考点】西方国家的地方政府制度——城市政府
37.阅读下面的新闻材料，根据材料回答问题：
【材料一】美国总统特朗普于2019年的最后一个星期一签署法案，提高非法机器人电话的罚款上限，罚款金额最高可每通电话10000美元。这一法案名为《自动电话滥用刑事执法和威慑法案》，重点针对预录好内容自动拨出的呼叫电话，这类电话多用于政党宣传和广告推广，诈骗电话则混杂其中。
【材料二】2019年12月20日消息，美国参议院通过了一项旨在帮助约束恼人的机器人电话的法案，接下来它将该法案提交给特朗普总统等待签署戒为法律，据悉，这项立法议案是由南达科他州共和党参议员John Thune和马萨诸塞州民圭党参议员Ed Markey联名牵头提出的，法案将赋予政府机构和执法部门更多的手段来追查违反消费者保护法的个人和公司，将允许联邦通信委员会和司法部对非法机器人电话用户进行处罚。另外，它还要求电话运营商向客户提供免费的屏蔽机器人电话的服务，将促使电话公司更主动地去阻止可疑电话
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in sentences.
2) Develop strategy early. TOEFL is a standardized exam. With all standardized exams, the questions follow patterns. While one should develop general skills in English, it is also beneficial to practice it in the way that will be seen on the exam. It may even be helpful in building English skills for the exam.
3) Keep timing in mind. TOEFL is a timed exam. As with timed exams, timing is important. Developing the right skills in the TOEFL should also be developing easier and simpler ways to solve the problems in the time allotted. While timing may not be perfect in the beginning, timing should be a goal.
4) Go with a tutor. We can give you free advice for your first three classes. After that, its up to you. Anyway, at some point, you might want to consider seeing a tutor, someone who will help you with useful practice, tips, and advice on the TOEFL. This is especially true in the writing and speaking tasks. While there are some useful guides out there, the tutor should add to it his own knowledge and experience.
There are some useful guides such as from Kaplan, Barrons, and Nova, which focuses on the exam. This is good to some degree, but limited to your own ability if you were to use them for self-study.
I hope this helps. Thanks.Online Dictionary: translate word or phrase from Indonesian to English or vice versa, and also from english to english on-line.
Hasil cari dari kata atau frase: ovum(0.01086 detik)
Found 3 items, similar to ovum.
English → Indonesian (quick)
English → English (WordNet)
n : the female reproductive cell; the female gamete [syn: egg cell
[also: ova (pl)]
English → English (gcide)
Ovum \O"vum\ ([=o]"v[u^]m), n.; pl. L. Ova ([=o]"v[.a]), E.
Ovums ([=o]"v[u^]mz). [L., an egg. See Oval.]
1. (Biol.) A more or less spherical and transparent cell,
which by a process of multiplication and growth develops
into a mass of cells, constituting a new individual like
the parent; an egg, spore, germ, or germ cell. See Illust.
Note: The ovum is a typical cell, with a cell wall, cell
substance, nucleus, and nucleolus. In man and the
higher animals the cell wall, a vertically striated
membrane, is called the zona pellucida; the cell
contents, the vitellus; the nucleus, the germinal
vesicle; and the nucleolus, the germinal spot. The
diameter of the ripe ovum in man and the domestic
animals varies between 1-200 and 1-120 of an inch.
2. (Arch.) One of the series of egg-shaped ornaments into
which the ovolo is often carved. --Gwilt.You’re ready to write a great novel. You’ve already written down some ideas, some characters, and some locations that you’d like to include in your book. Now you’ve come to the point where you’re ready to sit down and pound out some words on your keyboard. These fiction writing tips for beginners will help you to create a concise story, stay productive, and get your novel ready for the publishing industry in the future.
It all begins with the story itself. If you’ve never written a lengthy story in the past [120,000+ words], then starting with an outline of what you want your novel to be is a good idea. This outline can take you through each key plot point you wish to make and help to give your story the linear consistency it needs.
Then you’re ready to consider these additional fiction writing tips.
#1. Keep a note of the key details of your characters separate from your novel. Whether it’s a corkboard, a whiteboard, or a sheet of paper with coffee stains on it, note down the key details of each character. Do they have black or blonde hair? Are they skinny or overweight? Are there freckles on their faces? Being consistent with your character descriptions will make the editing process a lot easier when you finish up the first draft of your story.
#2. Start your story with a great hook. Readers will judge the quality of your work within the first sentence or two of your story. That means you need to have a great first line. There are no rules that govern how you create this hook. You’ve just got to know who your target audience happens to be so that you can make that sentence relate to them while they get introduced to your characters.
#3. Balance your dialogue. Having a lengthy stretch of dialogue within a story can be difficult for a reader to enjoy. The goal of reading fiction isn’t to just be a third-party to a conversation that your characters are having. They also want to know what the thoughts and feelings of each character happens to be. You need to put your reader into the minds of each character so they can picture themselves as that character. Interject emotions, thoughts, and descriptions into your dialogue to help balance it out.
— John L. Fort (@tjlfort) May 21, 2016
#4. Watch out for repetition because it will drive your reader’s crazy. Writers all have a certain style with which they are comfortable. They also tend to use the same descriptors when crafting a fictional story. An example: In 50 Shades of Grey, the characters are described as “murmuring” nearly 200 times within the text. Be as specific as possible with each description that you are offering and then double-check for words that have been repeated often to give the reader some variety.
#5. Let the story tell itself sometimes. Having some structure for your story is a good thing when you’re first getting started with a fictional book. It can also cause writers to create something that sounds rather inauthentic. Sometimes you just need to let the story write itself when you’re sitting down to type. Let the characters talk to you, engage with you, and tell you what they’d like to do. Feel their emotions and describe for those characters how those emotions change you.
#6. Set a goal for daily writing. Some authors have a goal to write 1-2 pages of double-spaced content every day for their novel. That’s only 250-500 words. Some writers can put out much more than that – say 5,000 words per day. Set a daily goal for writing that will push you each day, but not stress you out because it will take you 16 hours to reach that goal. This will help you stay on a good writing pace and inspire a surprising level of creativity if you take that goal seriously.
#7. All fictional worlds need to correspond to real worlds. Even if you’re writing science fiction or historical fiction, you as the author must make your created world be able to correspond with the real world in some way. Take, for example, how Harry Harrison names one of the planets in the Stainless Steel Rat series “Moolaplenty.” What does that name say to you as a description? It doesn’t interrupt the flow of the future world, but lets you as a reader get a glimpse of the attitude that people on that planet will have to a main character who is a Special Corps agent and retired interstellar criminal.
— Bruce Rubenstein (@rubensteinbooks) May 21, 2016
#8. Make sure that you’re willing to let your story end. We all become attached to the characters we create. We want to explore more of what their lives could be. Even when we come to a natural conclusion for our stories, there is this compulsion to keep going. Keep exploring. Keep seeking out new adventures. The fact is that we must be willing to let a story end because otherwise we’ll never be able to create a new story in the future.
[bctt tweet=”We all become attached to the characters we create. #amwriting #writers #fiction” username=””]
#9. Create a comfortable writing space. Forget about the advice that you’ll find that says you can write anywhere. You can write down ideas anywhere. A journal, a scrap of paper, or even a napkin at a restaurant all work to help you jot down ideas for your stories as they come to you. For the actual writing, however, you’ll need a specific workspace. Create a home office that has limited distractions. Create something comfortable enough to keep you occupied, but not so comfortable that you’d rather take a nap than write.
#10. Discover your own conversational style. Writing is ultimately about establishing a relationship. In order to do so, you’ve got to write in a way that sounds natural, even if you were to speak the words. That’s why it can be helpful to actually speak what you’ve written for the first few pages of a story. How it reads out loud is how a reader will “hear” the book in their mind. If the writing is awkward, then it will make the reader uncomfortable, and that can become a barrier to wanting to finish your story.
#11. Keep going. Writing will be difficult on some days. What you write might be some of the worst things you’ve ever read. This is part of a natural creative process. Keep going. Keep striving. If you feel like your creativity is blocked, then be creative in some other way. You could go on a photography expedition, paint something, or compose some music. Creativity inspires more creativity and will eventually improve your writing.
These fiction writing tips for beginners are just the start of the story creation process. Be prepared to edit your story, be willing to change elements when necessary, and be passionate about what you’re creating. When you can do this, you can create a masterpiece.- Components Over Pages
This excellent framework is basically different than other frameworks, however others started copying the methodology. It has assets made up of unique components. For example, if you want a button to change the whole platform, you just change. Experienced developers develop in this kind of idea from the beginning, but React makes these ideas core to using its framework.
- Code is Greatly Flexible to Maintain and Design
React is a tad nuanced platform that enables developers to restore a code that was written days or month earlier. Hence, developers don’t need to spend hours finding what they wrote and how to change it. ReactJS gives you pixel-perfect designs in a breath of fresh air. This is possible with small, self-contained elements. You will get an element for a button, another for a field and another for a background. This maintainability and readability make the platform out-of-the-box! With React, developers find their stance on making changes is more open and their ability to instantly figure out and fix a problem is faster than any other frameworks.
- Multiple Tools
ReactJS features many better tools that facilitate equal better results! It has an extended list of tools, which makes the framework ‘belle of the ball’! React Developer tools allow developers to instantly find the root of a problem, decrease back and forth between designer and developer.
- React Native
The major methodology of React is to utilize same tools and stack for various systems like mobile and web. As per theory, developers can easily make native apps with React Native along with many shared structures and components used from the web app.
- Fast Prototyping
Fat prototyping is considered as the major advantage of React. Designers find that the fast prototypes give them more opportunities and feedback while engaging more clients and customers before things become highly codified.
Why Developers Love ReactJS?
There are many reasons why developers love this awesome framework. It could be the library that makes it easy to get started. You can simply visit it informally in a single gadget or code the whole app. ReactJs is allowed to be used seamlessly with AngularJS or NodeJS. ReactJS was developed by Facebook, but the library runs remarkably well with Node, AngularJS, Rails, etc. However, you should not try fusing React with jQuery because ReactJS was developed to replace jQuery.
With the skill to mix and match, ReactJS leaves your brain untrained to ‘think in Reactjs’ every time. To the contrary, developers need to think in sync with the angular platform. Development of Reactjs has made developing User Interface simpler than ever. You can now pin chat messages and load images in a view with the same code. It is equipped with universal coding, which means your apps will be fast regardless of what you are used to.
You May Also Like This:امیرعبداللهیان:
تامین واکسن کرونا از اولویت های وزارت خارجه است
به گزارش ساسان گستر وزیر امور خارجه تامین واکسن کرونا را از اولویت های بالای وزارت خارجه دانست و اظهار داشت: از همکاری بخش خصوصی دراین زمینه استقبال می نماییم.
به گزارش ساسان گستر به نقل از مهر، اولین نشست هم اندیشی وزارت امور خارجه و اتاق تجاری و صنایع و معادن ایران، عصر روز دوشنبه (۱۵ شهریور) به میزبانی حسین امیرعبداللهیان وزیر امور خارجه کشورمان، معاون دیپلماسی اقتصادی و مدیران کل وزارت امور خارجه اجرا شد.
غلامحسین شافعی رییس اتاق ایران، روسا و اعضای اتاق های مشترک تجاری ایران و کشورهای همسایه و همین طور برخی کشورهای مهم طرف تجاری کشورمان مدعوین این جلسه در وزارت امور خارجه بودند.
شافعی ضمن تشکر از وزیر امور خارجه کشورمان بخاطر این دعوت، جلسه هم اندیشی مزبور را نخستین ابتکار و جلسه برگزار شده وزارتخانه های دولت سیزدهم با بخش خصوصی ذکر کرد و آنرا مهم و نشانگر نگاه پررنگ وزارت خارجه به کارهای بخش خصوصی دانست و خواهان تداوم برگزاری متناوب این جلسه در ماه های آتی شد.
فعالان اقتصادی بخش خصوصی کشورمان، دیدگاه های خود در حوزه توسعه روابط تجاری با دیگر کشورها، خصوصاً همسایگان و طرف های تجاری اصلی را بیان داشتند و خواهان حمایت هرچه بیشتر وزارت خارجه از نقش بخش خصوصی در توسعه مراودات اقتصادی با دیگر کشورها به خصوص در موقع برگزاری کمیسیون های مشترک شدند.
در ادامه این جلسه معاون دیپلماسی اقتصادی، و مدیران کل حوزه های منطقه ای وزارت امور خارجه نیز در پاسخ به مطالب مطرح شده از طرف فعالان بخش خصوصی، به تشریح نقطه نظرات خود پرداختند.
امیرعبداللهیان وزیر امور خارجه کشورمان در جمع بندی اولین نشست با فعالان اقتصادی و مسئولین اتاق ایران، بخش خصوصی را موتور محرک روابط میان کشورها و حلقه های تجاری و اقتصادی را عاملی کمک کننده در پایایی سیاست خارجی و مقوّم آن ارزیابی کرد و بر عزم وزارت خارجه در پشتیبانی از نقش و مشارکت دهی هرچه بیشتر بخش خصوصی در مراودات با کشورها تاکید نمود.
وی تامین واکسن کرونا را از اولویت های بالای وزارت خارجه ذکر کرد و اقدامات این وزارتخانه در شتاب دهی فراوان به تامین واکسن مورد نیاز کشورمان در ایام گذشته را تشریح نمود و اظهار داشت: از همکاری بخش خصوصی دراین زمینه استقبال می نماییم.
تشکیل کمیته مشترک بین «وزارت امور خارجه»، «وزارت صنعت معدن و تجارت» و «اتاق تجاری و صنایع و معادن ایران» در نظر گرفتن جایگاه واقعی برای بخش خصوصی در کمیسیون های مشترک همکاریهای اقتصادی، تداوم چنین جلسات هم اندیشی و حضور رییس اتاق تجاری در جلسات شورای معاونین وزارت امور خارجه به تناسب موضوعات اقتصادی مطروحه و در اولویت قرار دادن موضوعات مرتبط به سامان دهی پایانه های مرزی و تحکیم زیرساخت های کشور که ارتقاء دهنده صادرات کشور باشد، از دیگر مباحث مطروح شده در خلال جمع بندی ارائه شده از طرف وزیر امور خارجه کشورمان در این جلسه بود.
منبع: sasangostar.ir
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只使用GDI（）保留图像的红色通道
docker图像和容器在Windows中使用时存储在哪里？
感知图像差异可能是什么？
为mac ruby开发设置.emacs文件
SSH命令提示符authentication的git访问？
意外的页面处理（另外，VirtualLock = no op？）
将.Glade（或xml）文件转换为C源的工具
在远程机器上安装软件？
在Windows上每小时cronjob
使用GNU / Linux系统调用`splice`在Haskell中进行Zero-Copy Socket到Socket的数据传输
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Windows API类似于pthread_cancel？
如何让输出显示在Visual Studio 2005的错误列表的消息窗格中？
强制Windowsvideo驱动程序重新加载。 有没有可能？
检查另一个进程在.NET中是否具有pipe理员权限
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有一个kdevelop版本，我可以在Windows上安装？Baseball Fielding Drills: Bucket Ball
Bucket Ball
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is commonly known that being in nature, or even viewing scenes of nature, reduces anger, fear, and stress and enhances positive feelings. Exposure to nature improves one’s emotional state, as well as his physical wellbeing by calming blood pressure, heart rate, tension, and the production of stress hormones. According to public health researchers, Stamatakis and Mitchell, nature may even reduce mortality rates.
A single plant in an office or hospital room can have a subtle, but significant impact on stress and anxiety of the individuals occupying the rooms.
In a study conducted by renowned physician Robert Ulrich, he monitored patients who were having gallbladder surgery, where half of the patients faced a plain wall and the other half had a view of trees. Not surprisingly, the patients who were able to view the trees were more successful with their pain management, ultimately spending less time in the hospital and experiencing fewer negative effects through the post-surgery healing process.
I was recently at the dentist’s, not one of my favorite places to be, though my condition at the time demanded it. During my procedure, I commented to my dentist that the images of nature strategically placed on the ceiling above my seat were beautiful. Looking back, at the event, I know that that beauty was calming. I asked my dentist why he chose to place them there, and he responded that this is a technique gaining circulation in dental offices and hospitals as patients seem to tolerate the discomfort much better when surrounded by even something as simple as views of nature. Just imagine the positive effects it could have on people fighting PTSD immersed in a retreat in the Colorado mountains.
With this revelation, I researched the matter more deeply, and I, indeed, found that, yes, man hospitals and dental rooms were doing the same thing; scenes of nature were appearing in medical rooms everywhere. Put simply, nature RESTORES a state of “general wellbeing.”
While I realized this from my own experience, current research supports my theory. One study in “Mind,” states that 95% of those interviewed said their mood improved after spending time outside, changing from depressed, stressed, and anxious to more calm and balanced. Other studies conducted by Ulrich, Kim, and Cervinka concurred that scenes of nature can be associated with “positive mood changes, psychological wellbeing, meaningfulness, and vitality.”
Spending time in nature helps people to concentrate and focus, and increases their ability to pay attention to what matters. This occurs because, as human beings, they find nature inherently interesting and comforting. It centers people internally as they feel welcomed by their natural surroundings. Nature provides a respite from our everyday lives and our overactive or troubled minds. It enables us to accomplish new things, take on tasks for the first time, or even discover healing. It helps us reconnect to that which is important, and to each other. Most importantly, and especially with our soldiers facing PTSD in a place that has become distant and confusing, it is a reconnection to the outside world, to the environment that has such a powerful impact on establishing who we are as people.
Lost Creek Ranch, a PTSD retreat in Colorado, is nearly magical for exactly this reason. Visitors cross its crystal clear creeks and hike the trails with majestic protective tree lines. The towering spruce and pines provide a perfect habitat for a vast viewing of birds, elk, deer, and many other smaller denizens of the forest.
When fighting the effects of PTSD our retreat in Colorado offers peace. When you are in the mountains at Lost Creek Ranch, the sounds you hear are different and far removed from the chaotic and overwhelming noises of the city. The air you breathe is clean and crisp, and as it fills your lungs, you experience the rejuvenating freshness of nature, and the healing process begins.
As a veteran myself, I have spent large amounts of time at Lost Creek Ranch facing the struggles of PTSD in this retreat in Colorado. I have found solace by hiking, walking the river, or even just sitting on the rocks and taking in the indescribable landscape below. I have contemplated the loss of family, my brothers and sisters in uniform. I have acknowledged that I will never fully understand their sacrifice, but I have realized that I must go forward.
Lost Creek Ranch offers those experiencing PTSD a retreat in Colorado nature. It has given me a place to heal, a place to renew my spirit, a place to develop the ability to reconnect to my family and friends. If you are a veteran, or even just a friend in need of healing, I invite you to join us, whether visiting or supporting Lost Creek Ranch, to become a partner in healing.به گزارش گروه استان های باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان از بیرجند، مهدی زاده معاون بهداشتی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند گفت: در شبانه روز گذشته ۱۹۲ آزمایش تشخیص کرونا در استان انجام شده است که مجموعا ۵۳ بیمار جدید شامل ۷ بستری و ۴۶ سرپایی شناسایی شده اند.
او افزود: از این تعداد ۱۴ مورد از شهرستان قاینات، ۲۱ مورد از شهرستان بیرجند، یک مورد از شهرستان بشرویه، یک مورد از شهرستان طبس، دو مورد از شهرستان خوسف، دو مورد از شهرستان درمیان، دو مورد از شهرستان زیرکوه، دو مورد از شهرستان فردوس ، ۳ مورد از شهرستان سرایان و ۵ مورد از شهرستان سربیشه بوده اند.
مهدی زاده بیان کرد: همزمان در شبانه روز گذشته از ۱۰۹ تست سریع کرونا ۱۹ بیمار جدید شناسایی شده است.
معاون بهداشتی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند عنوان کرد: در حال حاضر ۱۸۵ بیمار با علائم تنفسی در بیمارستانهای خراسان جنوبی بستری هستند که ۸۲ نفر کرونا مثبت اند.
او گفت: از این تعداد ۱۱ نفر در بخش مراقبتهای ویژه بستری هستند که حال ۲ نفر نامساعد است.
مهدی زاده افزود: در شبانه روز گذشته ۴۰ بیمار با علائم تنفسی در بیمارستانهای استان پذیرش شده اند که در همین مدت ۳۸ بیمار شامل ۱۰ بیمار کرونا مثبت با حال عمومی خوب از بیمارستانها ترخیص شده اند.
معاون بهداشتی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند ادامه داد: تاکنون ۲۰ هزار و ۴۲۲ بیمار مبتلا به کرونا بهبود یافته و یا در قرنطینه خانگی به سر میبرند.
او اظهار کرد: در شبانه روز گذشته ۵۹ هزار و ۴۰۶ تست مولکولی کرونا در استان انجام شده است که ۲۱ هزار و ۴۰۸ بیمار جدید مبتلا به کرونا شناسایی شده اند.
معاون بهداشتی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند تصریح کرد: تاکنون ۴۲ هزار و ۷۶۴ نفر در استان واکسن کرونا در نوبت اول و ۶ هزار و ۳۸ نفر واکسن نوبت دوم را دریافت کرده اند.
او افزود: در شبانه روز گذشته با ثبت ۲ مورد فوت جدید ناشی از کرونا در خراسان جنوبی مجموع فوتیهای ناشی از این بیماری در استان به ۹۰۴ نفر رسید.
انتهای پیام/ رKenya'da Eş Şebab militanlarının başkent Nairobi'den Mandera'ya giden bir otobüse düzenlediği ve 2 kişiyi öldürdüğü silahlı saldırıda Müslüman yolcuların, militanlara meydan okuyarak otobüsteki Hıristiyan yolcuların canını kurtardıkları öğrenildi. Baskın anını anlatan görgü tanıkları, militanların otobüsü durdurduktan sonra Hıristiyan yolcuların bir kenara ayrılmasını istediğini; fakat Müslümanların militanlara ya hepsini birden öldürmeleri, ya da çekip gitmelerini söyleyerek militanları saldırıdan vazgeçirdiklerini aktardı.Bitcoin, 2009 yılında Bilinmeyen bir kişi tarafından Satoshi Nakamoto takma adı kullanılarak oluşturulan bir kripto para birimidir. Para birimi uzun süredir var olsa da, popülerliği birkaç yıl önce tüccarların bir ödeme şekli olarak kabul etmeye başlamasıyla yükseldi. İşlemlerinizde kullanmanın yanı sıra, büyük karlar elde etmek için de işlem yapabilirsiniz.
Para birimi ticaretinin faydaları
Para birimini satın almayı düşünmeniz için birçok neden vardır. Bu nedenlerden bazıları şunlardır:
Giriş kolaylığı: Borsa ve diğer ticaret kanallarının aksine, Bitcoin piyasasına girişte neredeyse hiçbir engel yoktur. Tek yapmanız gereken satın alabileceğiniz bir satıcıyı tanımlamaktır. Satmakla ilgileniyorsanız, bir alıcı belirleyin ve gitmeye hazırsınız.
Küresel: Para birimini dünyanın herhangi bir yerinden takas edebilirsiniz. Bu, Çin’deki bir kişinin Afrika’daki veya başka bir yerdeki bir kişiye Bitcoin alabileceği veya satabileceği anlamına gelir. Bu, tek bir ülkenin ekonomisinden etkilenmedikçe para birimini önemli hale getirir.
Uçucu.: Tıpkı döviz piyasasındaki diğer para birimleri gibi Bitcoin de oldukça değişkendir. Bu, ekonomideki hafif kaymalar nedeniyle fiyatını hızla değiştirdiği anlamına gelir. Değişikliklerden yararlanıyorsanız, büyük karlar elde edebilirsiniz.
7/24 işlem: İş saatlerinde çalışan borsanın aksine, Bitcoin ticareti tüm gün ve gece gerçekleşir. Ticaret sınırlamaları sadece zamanında değil sizin üzerindedir.
Bitcoins nasıl alınır
Piyasaya girmek istiyorsanız, para birimini almak için kullanabileceğiniz birçok yol vardır. Kullanabileceğiniz yollardan bazıları şunlardır:
Bir borsada satın alma: Burada pazara girmeniz gerekiyor ve para birimini satmak isteyen insanlar bulacaksınız. Saygın bir satıcıyı tanımlamalı ve sipariş vermelisiniz.
Transfer: Bir arkadaşınızdan da Bitcoin alabilirsiniz. Burada bir arkadaşınızın size para birimini bilgisayarda veya telefonda bulunan bir uygulama aracılığıyla göndermesi gerekir.
Madencilik: Bu, madeni paraları almanın geleneksel yoludur. Bu yöntemde, karmaşık matematik bulmacalarını çözmek için bilgisayarı kullanırsınız. Bir bulmacayı başarıyla tamamladıktan sonra paralarla ödüllendirilirsiniz. Bu yöntem ücretsiz olsa da, genellikle zaman alıcıdır.
Son
Bitcoin’ler ve ticaretleri hakkında bilmeniz gerekenler bunlardır. Para birimine sahip olduğunuzda, dijital cüzdanınızda tutmaya veya takas etmeye karar verebilirsiniz.3-5
Ai bambini bastano sette pagine da colorare e un mouse per giocare a fare gli artisti. Utilizza il mouse per intingere in un colore, poi fai clic sull'area della figura che vuoi colorare. Quando finisci, stampa ogni immagine e falla vedere ai tuoi amici!
Controls: Mouse
Gameplay requires the use of the mouse.
Play Together
Turn this single-player game into a "play together" by sharing the controls or asking your child to make gameplay choices while you work the controls.Fish and chips may soon lose the plaice or haddock and be replaced by John Dory, red mullet or squid if the North Sea continues warming at its present much faster than world-average rate, a group of researchers has warned. Our traditional fish choices will become far too expensive.
Water temperature, and in some cases sea depth, decide how abundant some species of fish are. If temperatures change several species of fish either migrate or simply become less successful and consequently scarcer.
As the North Sea becomes warmer, populations of Dover sole, plaice and haddock will decline, and British waters will see an invasion of squid, cuttlefish, anchovies, John Dory, gurnard, Red Mullet and sardines.
Plaice and chips will become the expensive, luxury option within the next few decades.
Since the 1970s, the North Sea’s temperature has been rising much faster than the global average, in fact, four times faster, scientists wrote in the journal Nature Climate Change.
All evidence suggests the North Sea will continue getting warmer over the next 100 years, which prompted a group of scientists from the UK, Ireland and Australia to try and determine what the impact might be on commercial species of fish.
They developed a model that included climate model predictions from the Met Office plus long-term fisheries datasets that forecast the abundance and distribution of Britain’s favourite fish over the next fifty years.
As the North Sea gets warmer, they found, several species of fish will have to move elsewhere if they want to thrive. However, many won’t be able to migrate northwards, because the sea is the wrong depth.
Many species will become less abundant
Several fish species in the North Sea will see their populations decline as a result of higher temperatures, the authors wrote. This means they will become much more expensive, particularly haddock, plaice and Dover sole.
Louise Rutterford, a PhD student at the College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, said:
“Our study suggests that we will see proportionally less of some of the species we eat most of as they struggle to cope with warming conditions in the North Sea.”
“We provide new insight into how important local depths and associated habitats are to these commercial species. It’s something that is not always captured in existing models that predict future fish distributions.”
Will Brits start switching to squid and chips?
Dr. Martin Genner, Senior Lecturer in Fish Ecology and Evolution at the University of Bristol, said:
“Long-term standardised fisheries surveys from many European countries, alongside leading climate models for the region, mean it is a unique region to develop and test new modeling approaches.”
“The modeling technique used in this analysis performed remarkably well when tested on available long-term datasets. This provides real confidence in the model’s ability to predict future patterns of fish distributions around the UK.”
Changes noticeable within a few decades
Dr. Genner and colleagues said their findings are important for both the fishing industry and consumers of fish in the UK. Changes are likely to be seen within the next few decades, they added.
Dr. Steve Simpson, who is a Senior Lecturer in Marine Biology & Global Change at the University of Exeter, said:
“Our models predict cold water species will be squeezed out, with warmer water fish likely to take their place. For sustainable UK fisheries, we need to move on from haddock & chips and look to Southern Europe for our gastronomic inspiration.”
Reference: Louise Rutterford, Stephen Simpson, Simon Jennings, Mark Johnson, Julia Blanchard, Pieter-Jan Schön, David Sims, Jonathan Tinker and Martin Genner. “Future fish distributions constrained by depth in warming seas.” Nature Climate Change. Published 13 April, 2015. DOI: 0.1038/nclimate2607.Cilicia and Mersin
Cilicia Region roughly extends from the Manavgat River, through the southern foothills of the Taurus Mountains, to the Amanus Mountains. According to the geological structure, Cilicia is divided into two as the Rugged Cilicia (Cilicia Trachaea) and the Flat Cilicia (Cilicia Pedias ). The border between the Rugged Cilicia and the Flat Cilicia was the Lamos at times and the Soli at others.
As it is known to those who toured around the area, there exist three gates that enable access to this land through a rugged course. The first of these is the Sertavul Pass, which is located to the north of Mut District. The second one is the Cilician Gate, which is known as the Gülek Pass and hosts a rock bearing the inscription “the Cilician Border”, and the last one is the Belen (Syria) Gate on the route to Hatay Province.
Surrounded by Gazipaşa District of Antalya Province to the west, the provinces of Konya, Karaman and Niğde to the north and the Mediterranean Sea to the east, Mersin was annexed to the land of Ottomans in 1516 during the reign of (Yavuz) Selim I. It was then ruled by Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pasha for some time, but later Ottomans gained control of the area once again.
Mersin Province was founded in 1924. Districts of Silifke, Anamur, Gülnar and Mut were annexed to Mersin Province, and the Province was renamed as ‘İçel’. It is thought that the long-used “İçel” name derived from the name given to the site by Turkish people who settled in the areas located on either side of Göksu River during the 12th century, or has actually transformed from “Uç-il/ Uç-el” denomination used by Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate for this “Uç ülke, uç diyar (literally: the frontier land)” located beyond the Taurus Mountains. Erdemli district was founded in 1954; then followed Aydıncık District (1987), Bozyazı and Çamlıyayla Districts (1989). In 2001, the name ‘İçel’ was, once again, replaced by “Mersin” due to intensive pressure from the citizens. Having a Metropolitan City status, Mersin is divided into four central districts, namely Akdeniz, Toroslar, Mezitli and Yenişehir. Including Tarsus District, Mersin has 13 districts in total.
It was revealed in the excavations performed in Yumruktepe site that the history of Mersin dates back to 7000 BC. The settlement found on the northwestern part of the current City center flourished around 7000 BC, and continued to exist expanding even larger.
Zephyrion, which is perceived as the antique settlement of Mersin, is localized somewhere between the Governor’s Residence and the Orthodox Church. Archeological findings gathered especially during the salvage excavations performed in the New Cultural Center constructed here and in the Old Public House garden, and the Kuros statute, which was excavated from the same area and displayed in Mersin Museum, are attributed to the Antique City of Zephyrion. The city, which was referred to as a ‘Polis’ during the Hellenistic Period and the Persian Period (and in later periods, as Hadrianapolis), was captured by Shapur I in 260 AD. While it was among the cities of Cilica I Region during the Byzantine Empire Period, it transformed into a prominent port city in the first quarter of the 19th century.
There are numerous opinions and myths about the roots of the name “Mersin”. The most widely-known one derives from the ‘Myrtus-Murt-Myrtle’ tree, the yield of the Mediterranean Climate, which is called “hambales” by Arabs. According to another opinion, the name Mersin is inherited from the Mersin Tribe, which was one of the Turkmen tribes in history. In his Seyahatname (literally: ‘Book of Travel’), Evliya Celebi notes that he stayed in a village called “Mersinoğlu”, which is located on the northwestern part of the present-day Mersin.
The Myth is as follows:
The name Mersin came from the princess Myrna, daughter of the Cypriot King. Gods pitying Myrna, who had been cursed by the goddess Aphrodite, brought her ashore to Mersin. The place was named as Mersin because of that incident.ABD Çarşamba günü Çin’den gelen tüm yolcular için yeni COVID-19 testi gerekliliklerini duyurdu ve
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ir.
- Esqudo’nun geleceği nedir?
Esqudo’nun gelecekteki değeri ve ekonomik görünümü, bir dizi faktöre bağlıdır ve kesin bir tahmin yapmak zordur.
- Esqudo’nun uluslararası ekonomiye etkisi nedir?
Esqudo’nun uluslararası ekonomiye olan etkisi, Cape Verde’nin ekonomik performansına ve uluslararası piyasalardaki dalgalanmalara bağlıdır.
- Esqudo’nun yerel ekonomiye etkisi nedir?
Esqudo’nun yerel ekonomiye olan etkisi, Cape Verde’nin iç ekonomik koşullarına ve politikalarına bağlıdır.Your tropical food trolley
10 November 2017 by Julia Horton
Tropical climates in the depths of Asia, Africa or South America might seem a world away from the checkout queue in your average Scottish supermarket or corner shop. But if your basket contains chocolate, coffee, bananas or rice, you can almost guarantee that what you eat comes from far warmer places thousands of miles away.
And, as a result, your dietary and lifestyle choices will be having a real impact on people and wildlife on the other side of the planet. That doesn't mean you shouldn't be buying those foods, far from it, but it does mean that you should know how they are produced and what you can do to help reduce the risk to the environment and the economy in countries already hard-hit by climate change.
Paul Hallett at Aberdeen University, whose research on soil health in tropical regions also considers social issues that balance environmental and economic concerns, said:
People have a perception that what they eat and buy affects the local area, and it does. But there is not a person in the UK whose diet does not have some kind of impact on tropical countries. A lot of what people here are buying comes from tropical climates with a huge amount of biodiversity, which are very susceptible to climate change, but where people also need to earn a living. What we're trying to do is balance both sides to make that shopping basket of diverse foods people buy in Scotland have a much lower impact on the environment in tropical places.
We're helping farmers in countries such as Brazil use less fertiliser or water, so that they can make more money from what they produce. At the same time, by making those improvements the soil is then also better maintained and farming produces smaller amounts of greenhouse gases, which is also better for the planet. The same approaches are being applied in Ethiopia to improve food security and in China to cut pollution.
To do that, experts have been conducting research to improve understanding of the natural environment in tropical countries, and of the needs and customs of local people.
Scientists are developing ways to grow rice with less water
Palm oil plantation edging into the rainforest
New crops and farming systems
Many tropical food crops require large amounts of things like water or fertiliser. This is expensive for small-scale farmers and can cause conflict over scarce resources like drinking water.
Scientists at Aberdeen have been investigating ways of producing crops and fruits that require fewer resources, such as growing rice with less water. It could save farmers money, but the environment also wins because increased profits would mean they'd be less likely to need to expand into protected areas. The new crops would even produce fewer greenhouse gases. Which is fantastic considering that, after livestock, rice emits more methane than anything else we grow.
Supporting livelihoods and rural communities
Fellow Aberdeen environmental scientist Dr Yit Arn Teh said:
You might already know about conservation issues in the tropics; for example how the orangutans' rainforest habitat has been lost to palm oil plantations in countries like Malaysia. Palm oil is in demand for a range of foods, including chocolate and some brands of oatcake. But, although a lot of production is by big business, 40% is produced by small communities. In parts of Indonesia and Malaysia smaller businesses make up over half of the trade. So there are a lot of issues around balancing people's economic needs with environmental concerns.
It's not just about palm oil, it's also about rice, bananas, coffee, cocoa beans... Consumers really can make a difference, and what they do matters. Big food chains like Unilever or Tesco are really paying attention to the fact that some customers care if their shopping is sustainable, or is having an environmental impact. These firms will then ask their suppliers to verify the ethical or sustainable nature of their products, which means that growers will then receive a fairer price for their produce. Things like Fairtrade really do make a difference.
Come and meet the scientists at our UnEarthed - external link event on 17-19 November 2017.Uluslararası Nakliyeciler Derneği (UND) Başkanı Çetin Nuhoğlu, Rusya'nın, Türk tırlarını sınır kapısında bekletmesinin ardından transit geçişler için alternatif güzergah olarak Hazar Denizi geçişinin çok daha aktif kullanılabileceğini, bu hattaki Ro-Ro gemilerinin tam kapasite çalışması durumunda taşımacılık maliyetlerinin de tır başına yüzde 30 düşeceğini söyledi.
Nuhoğlu, AA muhabirine yaptığı açıklamada, Türkiye'den Orta Asya'ya taşımacılıkta Rusya'dan başka tek alternatif yolun Hazar Denizi üzerinden Orta Asya'ya geçiş olduğuna dikkati çekerek, sözlerini şöyle sürdürdü:
"Rusya'nın, Türk tırlarını sınır kapısında bekletmesinin ardından transit geçişler için alternatif güzergah olarak Hazar Denizi geçişi çok daha aktif kullanılabilir. Alternatif güzergah olan Hazar Denizi üzerinden Bakü'ye, Türkmenistan'a, Kazakistan'a yani Orta Asya'ya taşımacılığı Azerbaycan ve Türkmenistan'a ait Ro-Ro gemileriyle gerçekleştiriyoruz.Detection of changes in temperature and streamflow parameters over Southern Africa.
It has become accepted that long-term global mean temperatures have increased over the twentieth century. However, whether or not climate change can be detected at a local or regional scale is still questionable. The numerous new record highs and lows of temperatures recorded over South Africa for 2003, 2004 and 2005 provide reason to examine whether changes can already be detected in southern Africa's temperature record and modelled hydrological responses. As a preface to a temperature detection study, a literature reVIew on temperature detection studies, methods used and data problems encountered, was undertaken. Simple statistics, linear regression and the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test were the methods reviewed for detecting change. Southern Africa's temperature record was thereafter examined for changes, and the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test was applied to time series of annual means of minimum and maximum temperature, summer means of maximum temperature and winter means of minimum temperature. Furthermore, changes in the upper and lower ends of the temperature distribution were examined. The Mann-Kendall test was applied to numbers of days and numbers of 3 consecutive days abovelbelow thresholds of 10th and 90th percentiles of minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as abovelbelow threshold values of minimum (i.e. 0°) and maximum (i.e. 40°C) temperatures. A second analysis, using the split sample technique for the periods 1950 - 1970 vs 1980 - 2000, was performed for annual means of daily maximum and minimum temperatures, summer means of daily maximum temperatures, winter means of daily minimum temperatures and coefficients of variability of daily maximum and minimum temperatures. Two clear clusters of warming emerged from almost every analysis, viz. a cluster of stations in the Western Cape and a cluster of stations around the midlands ofKwaZulu-Natal, along with a band of stations along the KwaZulu-Natal coast. Another fmding was a less severe frost season over the Free State and Northern Cape. While certain changes are, therefore, evident in temperature parameters, the changes are not uniform across southern Africa. Precipitation and evaporation are the primary drivers of the hydrological cycle, with temperature an important factor in the evaporation process. Thus, with changes in various temperature parameters having been identified over many parts of southern Africa, the question arose whether any changes were evident as yet in hydrological responses. The ACRU model was used to generate daily streamflow values and associated hydrological responses from a baseline land cover, thus eliminating all possible human influences on the catchment and channel. A split-sample analysis of the simulated hydrological responses for the 1950 - 1969 vs 1980 - 1999 periods was undertaken. Trends over time in simulated streamflows were examined for medians, dry and wet years, as well as the range between wet and dry years. The seasonality and concentration of streamflows between the periods 1950 - 1969 and 1980 - 1999 were examined to determine if changes could be identified. Some trends found were marked over large parts of Primary Catchments, and certainly require consideration in future water resources planning. With strong changes over time in simulated hydrological responses already evident in certain Primary Catchments of South Africa using daily rainfall input data from 1950 1999, it, therefore, became necessary to examine the rainfall regimes of the Quaternary Catchments' "driver" rainfall station data in order to determine if these hydrological response changes were supported by changes in rainfall patterns over time. A splitsample analysis was, therefore, performed on the rainfall input of each Quaternary Catchment. Not only were medians considered, but the higher and lower ends of the rainfall distributions were also analysed, as were the number of rainfall events above pre-defined daily thresholds. The changes evident over time in rainfall patterns over southern Africa were found to vary from relatively unsubstantial increases or decreases to significant increase and decreases. However, the changes in rainfall corresponded with the changes noted in simulated streamflow. From the analyses conducted in this study, it has become clear that South Africa's temperature and rainfall, as well as hydrological responses, have changed over the recent past, particularly in certain identifiable hotspots, viz. the Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal where significant increases in temperature variables and changes in rainfall patterns were detected. These detected changes in climate need to be considered in future water resources planning.
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
Change! understanding the nature of change in an unpredictable world : an explorative study of the missiological, sociological and theological implications of organizational change, using Prestbury Methodist Church (PMC) as a case study. Ducasse, Ross Wade.Much attention has been given to change initiatives on planned organizational change. John Kotter, who is the foremost scholar on change theory, has developed a model of sequential change steps and this was selected as ...
School language change led by internal change agents : interrogating the sustainability of school language change initiatives. Govender, Krishnen Mogamberry. (2009)Amid the dearth of implementation of South Africa’s post-apartheid Language-in-education policy which encourages multilingualism and recognizes the value of instruction in the home language of learners, internal change ...
Climate change perception, crop diversification and land use change among small-scale farmers in the Midlands region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa : behavioural and microeconomic analyses. Hitayezu, Patrick.The future of small-scale agriculture in South Africa is facing the challenges of high population growth, land degradation, and agro-biodiversity loss. In the Midlands region of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), the challenges are ...Per Francesco Scannelli, che scriveva nel 1642, dell'originale non era rimasto altro che poche tracce delle figure, e anche quelle tanto confuse che non se ne poteva ricavare alcuna indicazione sul soggetto.
Pinin Brambilla Barcilon, Il restauro, in Leonardo, l'Ultima cena, Electa, Milano, 1999, pag 367-369.
Sulle proporzioni dell'opera,.
URL simona tagli playboy consultato.Scheda unesco (EN scheda (FR scheda, il, cenacolo è forbici da potare doppio taglio un affresco parietale ottenuto con una tecnica mista a secco su intonaco 1 (460880 cm) di, leonardo da Vinci, databile al e conservato nell'ex-refettorio rinascimentale del convento adiacente al santuario di Santa Maria delle Grazie.La superficie del Cenacolo era ormai ovunque scrostata e lesionata; in milioni di interstizi microscopici si era infilata la polvere, trattenendo l'umidità delle pareti, e creando così le condizioni per la graduale e inesorabile scomparsa del dipinto.Leonardo infatti studiò i "moti dell'animo" degli apostoli sorpresi e sconcertati all'annuncio dell'imminente tradimento di uno di loro.Col suo gesto di quieta rassegnazione, Gesù costituisce l'asse centrale della scena compositiva: non solo delle linee dell'architettura (evidente nella fuga di riquadri scuri ai lati, forse arazzi ma anche dei gesti e delle linee di forza degli apostoli.Egli ha il capo reclinato, gli occhi socchiusi e la bocca appena discostata, come se avesse appena finito di pronunciare la fatidica frase.Enciclopedia moderna Vallardi, 1923, Vol.Un'altra copia è esposta nel Da Vinci Museum dell'abbazia belga di Tongerlo.In questo caso Pietro tiene il braccio piegato dietro la schiena, col polso appoggiato all'anca, posa riscontrabile in tutte le copie dell' Ultima cena e in uno schizzo dello stesso Leonardo.Marani (a cura di Il Genio e le Passioni.Marani, Il Cenacolo, Guida al Refettorio, Electa, Milano, 1999,.Negli anni dieci del Novecento il pittore Luigi Cavenaghi reincollò le particelle che si andavano staccando dal muro.
7 L'opera era già terminata nel 1498, quando Luca Pacioli in data 4 febbraio di quell'anno la ricordò come compiuta.Questa edizione di Real Bodies sarà particolarmente arricchita da multimediali, tecnologie mediche e biotecnologie.Kenneth Clark, Introduzione a Studi sul Cenacolo, Electa, 1983.Il restauratore l'ha rigirato, collocandolo in netto profilo e pregiudicandone così l'effetto sinistro.Pure il soffitto della scatola prospettica che vediamo oggi non è l'originale dipinto da Leonardo ma frutto di un totale rifacimento settecentesco che sempre secondo la restauratrice "non rispetta il sapore e il ritmo leonardeschi".Orario invernale, dAL 1 novembre, aL 31 marzo dalle ore 10:30 alle ore 17:30, ultimo ingresso ore 16:30.Se ne sarebbe poi stato dui, tre e quattro dì che non v'avrebbe messa mano e tuttavia dimorava talora una o due ore del giorno e solamente contemplava, considerava ed essaminando tra sé, le sue figure giudicava.URL consultato il Carlo Pedretti (a cura di Leonardo.
8 Le copie modifica modifica wikitesto La fama del Cenacolo vinciano è testimoniata, oltre che dalle fonti scritte, dalle numerose copie che se ne fecero, sia a grandezza naturale (affreschi, tele e tavole sia su supporti leggeri, come disegni e incisioni o anche attraverso sculture.
Leonardo da Vinci, Frammenti letterari e filosofici, a cura di Edmondo Solmi,.
[L_RANDNUM-10-999]With more than 4,000 identified animal species, Florida ranks as the seventh-most biodiverse state in the nation. Florida is also in the top five states for number of endemic species, meaning they’re found nowhere but Florida. This vast species diversity stems from the variety of ecosystems and habitats that span our state.
Florida wildlife is one of the top reasons people come to our state, with wildlife viewing providing an annual economic impact of $4.9 million and almost 45,000 jobs, per a state study. In Sarasota County, we are known for birding hotspots—like Celery Fields, with its 246 identified bird species—and the various County parks and preserves that provide habitat for listed species like gopher tortoises and Florida scrub-jays, as well as many others.
Wild Sarasota series
Our Wild Sarasota series provides information about a variety of wildlife species and related topics. Click on an image or animal name in the photo grid (below) to open that item with a list of on-demand webinars, blogs, and information for that animal (or, show all items). Learn about the natural history, identification, characteristics or adaptations and conservation status of these animals, and how you can help wildlife. We hope you find this information helpful as you continue to enjoy Florida’s wildlife!
- Get Involved!: Florida’s Jay Watch
- Archbold Biological Station’s Aviation Ecology Program
Other Wading Birds
Wild cats (panthers, bobcats)
- UF/IFAS: Ask IFAS – Wildlife A to Z
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission – Species Profiles
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission - Wildlife Conservation in Florida (endangered and threatened species)
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology – All About Birds
- Audubon Florida
- Florida Museum - Florida’s Reptiles and Amphibians
- UF Wildlife – Johnson Lab发布时间：2019-11-27
开放式凝结水回收装置是把凝结水回收到凝结水储存箱中，凝结水的回收和回收后对其的利用这一过程，装置管路的一端是向大气敞开的，这一端通常是凝结水的集水箱。
详细描述
锅炉冷凝水回收装置之凝结水的回收和利用之前都是采用开放式蒸汽回收机。
开放式凝结水回收装置是把凝结水回收到凝结水储存箱中，凝结水的回收和回收后对其的利用这一过程，装置管路的一端是向大气敞开的，这一端通常是凝结水的集水箱。当凝结水的压力靠自压不能到达再利用场所时，可利用水泵吧这些凝结水加压送到再利用场所。供汽压力小于0.1MPa，适宜采用水在重力自流的作用下循环利用；当供汽压力大于0.2MPa时，须采用开放式水箱余压回水系统。
开放式水箱余压回水系统是企业常用的一种凝结水回收系统，它具有设备简单、操作方便、初投资小的优点。
但这种系统也存在着许多问题,下面简单介绍下：
(1)开式水箱是通大气的，当凝结水进入开式水箱时，压力下降，使凝结水的沸点降低，温度很高的凝结水极易汽化，因此产生大量二次蒸汽，不但损失了很多热能，而且还造成严重的热污染。
(2)凝结水泵从开式水箱中抽高温凝结
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visions and marvelous dreams were related—the singing of heavenly choirs was heard, and wonderful manifestations of the healing power, through the administrations of the Elders, were witnessed. The sick were healed—the deaf made to hear—the blind to see and the lame to walk, in very many instances. It was plainly manifest that a sacred and divine influence—a spiritual atmosphere pervaded that holy edifice.”1
Lorenzo Snow loved the Kirtland Temple, knowing that “the Son of God, in His glory, had honored it with His royal presence.” Consequently, he was awestruck when he first stood at a pulpit there to teach. “No language can describe my feelings,” he said, “when, for the first time, I stood up in one of those pulpits to address an audience—a pulpit on the breastwork of which, only a short time before, this holy Personage stood—‘his hair as white as pure snow, his eyes as a flame of fire’—where also Moses, Elias and Elijah came and committed the keys of their dispensations to Joseph Smith.” [See D&C 110.]2
Many years later, on April 6, 1892, President Lorenzo Snow stood before another gathering, this time in front of the almost-completed Salt Lake Temple. About 40,000 Latter-day Saints crowded into the enclosure surrounding Temple Square, and about 10,000 more “occupied the tops of adjoining houses and places from which a view could be obtained.”3 The multitude had gathered for a ceremony in which the capstone would be secured on the temple’s highest spire. Later that day the statue of the angel Moroni would be placed on the capstone. By assignment from the First Presidency, President Snow, who was then President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, was to lead the Saints in the Hosanna Shout. As he explained the Hosanna Shout to the multitude, he expressed his love and enthusiasm for temple work.
“The words of the shout, Hosanna!” he said, “to be uttered upon, or after, the laying of the capstone to-day, were introduced by President Joseph Smith at the Kirtland Temple, and were there used at a solemn assemblage where the power of God was manifested and the vision of the Almighty was opened up to the brethren. This is no ordinary order, but is—and we wish it to be distinctly understood—a sacred shout, and employed only on extraordinary occasions like the one now before us. We wish it also to be distinctly understood that we want the brethren and sisters not only to express the words, but that their hearts shall be full of thanksgiving to the God of heaven, who has accomplished, through our agency, this mighty and extraordinary labor. Thirty-nine years ago to-day the foundation-stone—the corner-stone—of this Temple was laid, and in reflecting and meditating upon the wonderful blessings that God has bestowed upon us, His people, during this number of years that have passed since that time, we wish the Saints to feel when they pronounce this shout that it comes from their hearts. Let your hearts be filled with thanksgiving.” He demonstrated the Hosanna Shout and then said, “Now when we go before the Temple, and this shout goes forth, we want every man and every woman to shout these words to the very extent of their voices, so that every house in this city may tremble, the people in every portion of this city hear it, and it may reach to the eternal worlds.”4
The following report of the capstone ceremony illustrates the Saints’ reverence and excitement during the event:
“Just as the hour of noon was reached, President Wilford Woodruff stepped to the front of the platform, in full view of the assembled multitude, in whose midst a solemn stillness reigned. A thrill went through the hearts of the people as he spoke:
“‘Attention, all ye house of Israel, and all ye nations of the earth! We will now lay the top stone of the Temple of our God, the foundation of which was laid and dedicated by the Prophet, Seer and Revelator Brigham Young.’
“President Woodruff then pressed an electric button, and the Temple capstone moved securely into its position. The scene that followed is beyond the power of language to describe. The venerable President of the Twelve, Apostle Lorenzo Snow, came forward and led forty thousand Saints in shouting in concert:
“‘Hosanna! hosanna! hosanna! to God and the Lamb. Amen, amen, and amen!
“‘Hosanna! hosanna! hosanna! to God and the Lamb. Amen, amen, and amen!
“‘Hosanna! hosanna! hosanna! to God and the Lamb. Amen, amen, and amen!’
“Each shout was accompanied by the waving of handkerchiefs. … The eyes of thousands were moistened with tears in the fulness of their joy. The ground seemed to tremble with the volume of sound which sent forth its echoes to the surrounding hills. A grander or more imposing spectacle than this ceremony of laying the Temple capstone is not recorded in history. The hosannas had scarce ceased when the vast congregation burst forth in the glorious inspirational hymn, ‘The Spirit of God like a fire is burning.’”5
President Woodruff dedicated the Salt Lake Temple exactly one year later, on April 6, 1893, after the Saints had labored 40 years to complete it. President Lorenzo Snow was called to serve as the first president of that temple, and he fulfilled this calling until he became President of the Church in September 1898. A portrait of President Snow hangs in the Salt Lake Temple today, in remembrance of his devotion to what he called the “mighty work that we are accomplishing” in the house of the Lord.6 [See suggestion 1 on page 144.]
The prospects that God has opened up to our view are wonderful and grand; the imagination cannot conceive of them. Come into the Temples and we will show you. Many of you, I presume, have been there, and have heard the marvelous things that God has prepared for those that love Him and continue faithful to the end. …
… He has prepared everything for the Latter-day Saints that they could possibly wish or imagine in order to effect their complete happiness throughout the vast eternities.7 [See suggestion 2 on pages 144–45.]
Think of the promises that are made to you in the beautiful and glorious ceremony that is used in the marriage covenant in the Temple. When two Latter-day Saints are united together in marriage, promises are made to them concerning their offspring that reach from eternity to eternity.8
We have received much wisdom and knowledge of things which astonish the world when we speak of them. We have learned that, in temples, we are able to form ties which are not dissolved at death, but which reach into eternity; sacred ties which bind families together for time and eternity.9 [See suggestion 3 on page 145.]
Every son and daughter of God will have the opportunity necessary for exaltation and glory. … There is but one way by which exaltation and glory can be secured. We have to be baptized for the remission of sins and have hands laid upon us for the reception of the Holy Ghost. These and other ordinances are absolutely necessary for exaltation and glory; and where individuals have lived when the Gospel has not been accessible, these things can be attended to by their friends. We have come into the world now in order to do these things—at least, it is one of the chief objects of our coming. We cannot lay too great stress upon the importance of this work.10
We did not come into this world accidentally. We came for a special purpose, and it was undoubtedly through certain arrangements in the other life where we dwelt that we came into this life. Well, in the Temples we are accomplishing a great work in reference to our kindred dead. We have from time to time important manifestations that God approved of this labor that we are performing in our Temples. Most extraordinary manifestations have been experienced by individuals that are laboring for their ancestry. It is a mighty work that we are accomplishing. Thousands of persons have been baptized for their dead during the progress of our labors in the Temples. …
Now, in our Temples we allow persons to come in, after they have traced their ancestry, no matter how far back, and to be baptized for their dead father, grandfather, and great grandfather and so on, just as far as they can trace their line. Then we allow them to have the wives sealed to their husbands, all along the ancestry line, as far as they can trace it. Take the case of a virtuous young man who lived before the Gospel was introduced to the children of men. … He married a wife, and raised a family; but he never had the privilege of receiving the Gospel, as you and I have. However, he taught his family the principles of morality, and he was affectionate and kind to his wife and children. What more could he do? He should not be condemned because he did not receive the Gospel; for there was no Gospel to receive. He should not lose his wife because when he married her he could not go into a Temple and have her sealed to him for time and eternity. He acted according to the best knowledge that he had, and she was married to him for time, according to the custom of the country. We respect that marriage, solemnized according to the laws of his country. … We seal children to their parents and wives to their husbands, all along the line.11
The Savior said on a certain occasion, “Verily, verily, I say unto you, the hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God;” and He continued and made this remarkable expression: “and they that hear shall live.” [John 5:25.] I believe there will be very few who will not receive the truth. They will hear the voice of the Son of God; they will hear the voice of the Priesthood of the Son of God, and they will receive the truth and live. These brethren and sisters that are laboring so industriously in the temples will have the honor of being, as it were, saviors to their kindred and friends in whose favor they administered these ordinances.12 [See suggestion 4 on page 145.]
Now, it should be an object in every man’s and woman’s mind to come into our Temples and to perform this labor. It is a great labor, and an important one, too. When we go back into the other life and find our dead friends living there, if we have not performed the labor that is necessary for their exaltation and glory we shall not feel very happy and it will not be a very pleasant meeting.
We ought not to wait for opportunities to be pleasant and agreeable always; but we should strive, even if it takes a little sacrifice on our part, to put ourselves in a condition to perform this labor. … We desire anxiously that the brethren and sisters should not neglect this important work. Do you know what will be the main labor during the thousand years of rest [the Millennium]? It will be that which we are trying to urge the Latter-day Saints to perform at the present time. Temples will be built all over this land, and the brethren and sisters will go into them and perhaps work day and night in order to hasten the work and accomplish the labors necessary before the Son of Man can present His kingdom to His Father. This work has got to be accomplished before the Son of Man can come and receive His kingdom to present it to His Father.13 [See suggestion 5 on page 145.]
We feel when we go into these temples that we enjoy the Spirit of the Lord more fully than in any other place. They are the Lord’s buildings, and His most important work is carried on within their walls. …
… I am satisfied that when persons go into these temples, they do not [leave] without feeling better and with a determination in their minds to do a little better than they have done. That is the feeling we want the Saints to get. …
… Be faithful, brethren and sisters, and persevering; come to the temple and do your work there, and you will enjoy yourselves, and be better prepared to resist the unpleasantnesses of the world.14
Those who [enter the] Temple with a pure heart and a contrite spirit [will] not come out of it without receiving peculiar blessings, although these in some, or possibly many, instances might be different from what some might expect. … Some of the Saints might be looking for the appearance of ministering angels … or expect to behold the face of God. It might not be profitable for you to impart such manifestations. The Lord knows what is best for every individual, and will adapt His gifts for the production of the greatest good to those who receive them. It may be safely anticipated that every faithful Saint who enters that House will receive a blessing that will give much satisfaction to the recipient. Before those who would enter the Temple [leave] it, something [will] arise in their hearts and understanding which [will] be serviceable to them in their future lives. To this, as true Latter-day Saints, they [are] entitled.15 [See suggestion 6 on page 145.]
Consider these ideas as you study the chapter or as you prepare to teach. For additional help, see pages v–vii.
Read the account of the capstone ceremony for the Salt Lake Temple (pages 137–39). If you have participated in a temple dedication, think about how you felt at the time. When we participate in a Hosanna Shout, what are we expressing to the Lord?
Review President Snow’s invitation to “come into the Temples” (page 140). Think about how you can accept this invitation and about how you might extend this invitation to family members and friends.
As you study the second section on page 140, ponder the blessings that can come through receiving temple ordinances and making temple covenants. How have these blessings influenced you and your family?
Read the section beginning at the bottom of page 140. In what ways do we act as “saviors to [our] kindred and friends” when we perform this work? What resources has the Church provided to help us?
What can we do to give temple and family history work the attention and time they deserve? (Review the section beginning at the top of page 143.)
What are some personal, spiritual blessings we can receive when we participate in temple work? (For some examples, see pages 143–44.)of the configuration and that the 555 output was
driving a transformer connected to ground.
This meant that the 555 output was
essentially shorted to ground for 98% of the
time. I first simply moved one side of the
transformer to +V which corrected the heating
issue, but I still didn’t get as high a voltage.
The second change I made was to increase
the value of R2 to 10K. With the 1K in the
circuit, I measured about 50V across C2 (with
Vcc = 5V). With 10K, I measured about 80V.
The last changes were to insert a PNP buffer
between the 555 and transformer and then
insert a 100K potentiometer in series with R2.
These two changes allow me to adjust the
voltage from about 10V to over
100V with a 5V supply.
Replacing the 555 in
Schematic 14 with the PIC 555
will yield similar results. Use
mode 5 and range 0 with a fixed
frequency of about 2 kHz.
With a 100K load, a duty
cycle of 90% yields about 23V,
while a duty cycle of 50% yields
Lower duty cycles don’t give
much higher voltages. Keep in
mind that the PIC duty cycle is
based on the ratio of output on
(high) to period. With the PIC
output on, the 2N3906 is off.
That’s a Wrap
I have enjoyed writing this series
and would like to thank Nuts & Volts
for asking me to write it. I’ve learned
quite a bit about the 555 and its
many uses from reading and
implementing the circuits described
in 555 Timer IC Circuits by Mr. Mims
and hope that you have as well.
If you have any questions about
the PIC 555 replacement or any of
the examples in this series, feel free
to email me at [email protected]. NV
SCHEMATIC 14. Modified 555 DC-DC converter.
SCHEMATIC 13. 555
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July/August 2018 65لیام فاکس وزیردفاع برتانیه میگوید ایران تا سال آینده میتواند سلاح ذروی داشته باشد.
وزیردفاع بریتانیا روز دوشنبه گفت: " جهان غرب باید در خوشبینی شان در ارتباط با برنامۀ ذروی ایران آگاه باشند و تصامیم شانرا بر اساس ارزیابی های بسیار بدبینانه در توانایی آن کشور بنا نمایند."
فاکس گفت: او با بیانات میر داگان، رییس استخبارات سابق اسرائیل توافق ندارد که اخیراً گفته بود، ایران تا قبل از سال ۲۰۱۵ یک اسلحۀ ذروی کار آمد نخواهد داشت.
ارزیابی فاکس چند روز بعد از آن نشر میشود که ایالات متحده، برتانیه، فرانسه، جرمنی، روسیه و چین نتوانستند ایران را در مورد باز کردن برنامۀ ذروی اش برای تفتیش بیشتر، متقاعد نمایند.Women activists in Zimbabwe are eagerly anticipating a domestic violence bill will become law in 2007. The Women's Coalition—a group of 27 organizations—pushed the legislature through both houses of Zimbabwe's Parliament by late 2006. Members of the coalition expect President Mugabe to sign the bill in the coming months.
The domestic violence bill is an attempt to thrust domestic violence out from behind closed doors and into the public realm, a difficult task in Zimbabwe and other African countries where many people do not consider women equal to men, and view abuse of women in the household to be a private matter. According to the Zimbabwe Women Lawyers Association (ZWLA), one of every four women in the country suffers some form of abuse in her lifetime, and sixty percent of murder cases are related to domestic violence.
Some notable and progressive features of the proposed domestic violence bill:
- An expanded definition of domestic violence, including psychological and economic abuse;
- Outlaws abuse derived from cultural
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