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ها تا حد زیادی به زیرساخت های نهادی، فیزیکی و مالی که یک کشور دارد بستگی دارد. هر چه سطح توسعه زیرساخت ها بالاتر باشد عامل آسان تری در توسعه کارآفرینی در کشور و بالعکس است. مشخص شده است که کارآفرینی یک عنصر بسیار حیاتی برای ایجاد شغل و همچنین توسعه اقتصادی است، زیرا موفقیت درآمدزایی برای گروه عمده ساکنان روستایی و شهری بدون شغل شناخته شده نقش بازار سرمایه در خلق ثروت با حقوق به شدت به کارآفرینی بستگی دارد. رابطه بین کارآفرینی و توسعه اقتصادی به طور گسترده در سطوح محلی، ایالتی و فدرال مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. مطالعه کومار و لیو (2005) نشان می دهد که سهم بخش کارآفرینی در اشتغال و تولید ناخالص داخلی در حال افزایش است. به همین دلیل پیشنهاد شد که دولت ها باید محدودیت های کارآفرینی را به حداقل برسانند. در مورد سیاست های حمایتی دولت، فرض بر این است که از آنجایی که دولت پیشتاز توسعه کارآفرینی است، باید منابع بسیار مورد نیاز را در حد توان خود فراهم کند.
چنین منابعی شامل فراهم کردن محیطی مناسب برای کسب و کار است که کارآفرینی را به شدت ارتقا می دهد. سیاست دولت در این زمینه عبارت است از هرگونه اقدامی که هدف آن تنظیم و بهبود شرایط شرکتهای کوچک و متوسط از نظر سیاستهای حمایتی، اجرایی و تأمین مالی توسط دولت باشد. بر اساس این تعریف، سیاست دولت در ارتباط با عملکرد کارآفرینی، تشویق کارآفرینی از طریق ایجاد یک محیط مساعد برای کارآفرینان است. این امر از طریق تصویب دستور العملهایی انجام میشود که به طور کلی فعالیت کارآفرینی را تنظیم میکند، زیرا کارآفرینی زیر بنای مسیر یک ملت به سوی صنعتی شدن است. علاوه بر این، دولت باید سیاست هایی را وضع کند که برای کارآفرینان کاربر پسند باشد.
پالاس 2006 استدلال کرد که برای دستیابی به اهداف دستورالعملی که اغلب اوقات همیشه فاقد آن است، نیاز به سیاست های دولت وجود دارد، زیرا آنها به کارآفرینی مربوط میشوند بدون توجه به اینکه کدام اداره در قدرت است، با موفقیت اجرا شود. دولت اکثر کشور ها به ویژه کشور های در حال توسعه در گذشته تلاشها و منابع زیادی را برای ایجاد سیاست هایی با هدف ارتقای کارآفرینی سرمایهگذاری کردهاند. هدف، استراتژی قرار دادن پادشاهی در جایگاه برابر با کشور های دارای رقابت اقتصادی بالا در سطح جهانی بود. ادبیات چندین مطالعه نشان داده است که سیاست دولت رابطه مثبتی با کارآفرینی دارد.
برعکس، سایر مطالعات نیز نشان دادند که سیاست دولت به طور منفی با کارآفرینی مرتبط است. در نتیجه، موارد فوق نشان دهنده تناقض در نقش سیاست دولت در تشویق کارآفرینی به ویژه در کشور های در حال توسعه است. بنابراین سیاست دولت رابطه بین کارآفرینی و نتیجه را تعدیل کرد. با توجه به مباحث پیش گفته، ذکر این نکته ضروری است که هنوز در ادبیات مربوط به کارآفرینی و توسعه اقتصادی شکاف وجود دارد. این مطالعه با استفاده از سیاست های دولت برای تعدیل رابطه بین کارآفرینی و توسعه اقتصادی به مجموعه دانش کمک می کند. ون پراگ و ورسلوت (2007) چهار مزیت اقتصادی کارآفرینی را شناسایی کرده اند:
SME ها اکنون توسط محققان، تحلیلگران و سیاست گذاران از طریق مشارکت آنها در ایجاد ثروت، تولید درآمد، تولید و اشتغال به عنوان محوری در اقتصاد های سراسر جهان شناخته می شوند. همچنین، مطالعات و مقالات علمی متعددی وجود دارد که همبستگی مثبت بین کارآفرینی و رشد اقتصادی را تایید میکند. کارآفرینی و کارآفرینان به عنوان کاتالیزور های تغییر و نوآوری باید به شیوه ای مناسب برای توسعه اقتصادی کشور ساده شوند. کارآفرینی به عنوان پشتیبان بالقوه برای حمایت از رشد اقتصادی و انسجام اجتماعی، هدف سیاست بسیاری از دولت ها توسعه فرهنگ تفکر کارآفرینی است. این از چند راه قابل اجرا است؛ یا با ادغام کارآفرینی در سیستمهای آموزشی، قوانینی برای تشویق ریسکپذیری و کمپینهای ملی. در ادامه برخی از پیشنهادات به دولت ها برای بهبود نقش خود در توسعه کارآفرینی ارائه شده است:
- لیست جوامع را در هیئت مدیره دریافت کنند
- مهارت های تجاری و فنی را برای استفاده فراتر از پروژه توسعه دهند
- مهارت های زندگی را برای استفاده فراتر از پروژه توسعه دهند
- از مربیان استفاده کنید و اهداف مشخصی را تعیین کنند
- آماده انطباق رویکرد برای زمینه های مختلف باشند.
جهت کسب هرگونه اطلاعات تخصصی و نیز مشاوره در خصوص کارآفرینی و ثبت شرکت در اصفهان به پیج شرکت حسابداری بهین تراز به آدرس ([email protected]) مراجعه نموده و به دایرکت پیام دهید.
تأکید ایرانسل بر نقش تولید محتوای با کیفیت داخلی در تقویت اقتصاد دیجیتال
عاون دیجیتال ایرانسل در نشست «نقد و اندیشه» وزارت ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات، بر لزوم حمایت همهجانبه از تولیدکنندگان محتوای داخلی برای تولید ثروت در راستای تقویت اقتصاد دیجیتال تأکید کرد.
به گزارش ایلنا و روابط عمومی ایرانسل، پنجاه و چهارمین جلسه از سلسله نشستهای «نقد و اندیشه» وزارت ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات، با موضوع «تولید محتوا در فضای مجازی» با حضور مهندس باقر صمدی معاون دیجیتال شرکت ایرانسل، مهندس احمد نخجوانی مدیرعامل شرکت شاتل و مهندس مهدی یزدانی رئیس هیأت مدیرۀ سامانۀ VoD نماوا برگزار شد.
معاون دیجیتال شرکت ایرانسل در این نشست، در پاسخ به این پرسش که چطور اپراتورها میتوانند به بازار تولید محتوا ورود کرده و جوانان در این زمینه چه نقشی دارند، گفت: اگر بخواهیم صادقانه دربارۀ تعرفۀ اپراتورها در ایران صحبت کنیم، باید گفت تعرفۀ اپراتورهای ثابت و همراه در ایران، در مقایسه با دیگر کشورهای جهان، پایین است؛ اما با وجود این، اپراتورها با در نظر گرفتن قدرت خرید مردم در زمانهای مختلف، سعی میکنند به کمک مردم بیایند و برای پایین آوردن هزینهها، در تولید محتوا کمک کنند که نیمبها کردن محتوای داخلی و کاهش هزینهها یا رایگان کردن محتوا در مواردی مانند آموزش آنلاین یا عزاداری محرم، از این جمله است.
وی تأکید کرد: البته باید در نظر داشته باشیم، هر میزان هم اپراتورها برای محتوای داخلی، تخفیف قائل شوند، اگر محتوای مناسب و باکیفیت وجود نداشته باشد، مردم برای آن هزینه نمیکنند، حتی ارزان و نیمبها؛ اما اگر محتوای باکیفیت ارائه شود، میتواند برای همه تولید ثروت کند.
معاون دیجیتال ایرانسل در ادامه دربارۀ استقبال از VODها در ماههای اخیر توضیح داد: در حال حاضر نسبت به قبل، استقبال خوبی از VODها شده است؛ اما هنوز هم ۷۰ درصد از ترافیک اپراتورها در پلتفرمهای خارجی مصرف میشود و تنها ۳۰ درصد از آن در فضای داخلی صرف میشود. اگر میخواهیم این نسبت تغییر کند، باید تا حد امکان از تولید محتوای داخلی حمایت کنیم.
وی تصریح کرد: درست است که میگوییم ۷۰ درصد از ترافیک، در پلتفرمهای خارجی استفاده میشود؛ اما درصد بسیاری از این محتوا را مردم خودمان تولید میکنند و کافی است مدلهای درآمدی مناسبی برای تولید محتوا در کشور وجود داشته باشد. زیرساختهای تولید محتوا در کشور وجود دارد، اما نیاز است پلتفرمهای ارائه محتوا توسعه پیدا کنند.
صمدی به برگزاری کنسرتها و برنامههای آنلاین در دوران کرونا اشاره کرد و افزود: استقبال از کنسرتها و برنامههای آنلاینی که در دوران کرونا برگزار شد، بیش از انتظار ما بود. به عنوان مثال، میزان استقبال در کنسرت شجریان، چند برابر پیشبینی ما بود.
معاون دیجیتال ایرانسل، سه مرحله را برای موفقیت در تولید و ارائۀ محتوای داخلی ضروری دانست و گفت: نخستین مرحله این است که پلتفرمهای مناسب با ظرفیت بالای خدمات، شکل بگیرد. البته که این کار هزینۀ بالایی دارد. بنابراین باید سرمایهگذاران بزرگ وارد شوند، اما مطمئن باشند، سرمایۀ آنها برمیگردد. مرحله دوم، ترسیم طرحهای تجاری مختلف است تا به تولید محتوای خوب در کشور کمک کند. مردم برای محتوای باکیفیت پول میدهند. وی افزود: مرحله سوم هم تشویق مردم به استفاده از پلتفرمهای کاربرمحور است.
صمدی تصریح کرد: تولید محتوا باید اقتصادی باشد و نباید به صرف حمایت از مصرفکننده و محصولات فرهنگی، سیاست اشتباهی را در کشور پایهگذاری کنیم که منجر به ایجاد هزینههای دیگر شود.
وی افزود: در حال حاضر، متولی صدور مجوز تولید محتوا در کشور مشخص نیست، سیاستگذاری مشخصی برای آن وجود ندارد و تولیدکنندۀ محتوا باید به سازمانها و ادارات مختلفی جواب پس بدهد. باید اجازه دهیم پلتفرمهای مختلف ایجادشوند و رشد کند و از ابتدا، رویکرد سلبی نداشته باشیم تا افراد برای ورود به این حوزه، ترغیب شوند.
معاون دیجیتال ایرانسل از نهادهای مختلف خواست تا فضای تولید محتوا را تسهیل کنند و گفت: اگر فضای کار برای تولید محتوا راحت باشد، خواهید دید چقدر تولیدها بهتر و بیشتر میشود.
همچنین مدیرعامل شرکت شاتل در این نشست، استفاده مشترکان از اینترنت داخلی در حال حاضر را دو برابر بیشتر از سال گذشته اعلام کرد و گفت: با توجه به افزایش تقاضا برای استفاده از محتوای داخلی، اگر تولیدات بهتر و بیشتری وجود داشته باشد و انحصار تولید از بین برود، حتماً استفاده از محتوای داخلی هم بیشتر میشود.
رئیس هیأت مدیرۀ سامانۀ VoD نماوا نیز با تأکید بر لزوم بهروزرسانی مقررات موجود در این زمینه، افزود: الان ۲۰ سال است که شبکۀ نمایش خانگی فعال است و از همان روز اول، توزیع غیرمجاز وجود داشته است. قانون باید برای برخورد با متخلفان، بهروزرسانی شود و قانون ۲۰ سال پیش، به درد امروز نمیخورد. برای اینکه بتوانیم از حقوق مؤلف دفاع کنیم، باید قانونی بنویسیم که در ۲۰ سال آینده هم قابل ارجاع و استفاده باشد.
نقش بازار سرمایه در خلق ثروت
کتاب کارآفرینی با رویکرد کشف فرصت و خلق ثروت
حسن عبدی در کتاب کارآفرینی با رویکرد کشف فرصت و خلق ثروت، به دنبال نشان دادن مسیر موفقیت کارآفرینان است به طوری که با مطرح کردن بحث خودشناسی و خودباوری سعی دارد بیان کند در مسیر کارآفرینی و ایجاد کسب و کار، آمادگی ذهنی و ایجاد نگرش درست برای هر فردی لازم و ضروری است.
امروزه تغییرات سریع و شتابان اقتصاد و بازار کشورها، تحولات عمیق فضای کسب و کار و افزایش رقابتپذیری سبب شده است تا بیش از گذشته نقش کارآفرینان به عنوان موتور محرکه رشد و توسعه اقتصادی اهمیت یابد. در کشور ما طی سالهای اخیر سیاستها به سوی کارآفرینان و کارآفرینی معطوف گردیده و اقداماتی نیز صورت پذیرفته است. اما هنوز حمایت از ارزشآفرینان و کارآفرینان بسیار محدود بوده و آنان با تمام مشکلات و تلاش در جهت تبدیل ایده به محصول بایستی شخصاً تمام ریسک سرمایهگذاری را عهدهدار باشند. لذا شایسته است محدودیتها و مشکلات فرا روی کارآفرینان از میان برداشته شود تا آنان به مانند همتایان خود در کشورهای توسعه یافته موجبات ارتقای تولید ناخالص ملی (GNP)، انباشت سرمایه و افزایش بهرهوری اقتصاد ملی همراه با به فعل درآوردن امکانات بخشهای مختلف اقتصاد به ویژه بخش نقش بازار سرمایه در خلق ثروت صنعت به عنوان پیشران توسعه اقتصاد کشور را فراهم آورند.
در بخشی از کتاب کارآفرینی با رویکرد کشف فرصت و خلق ثروت (entrepreneurship opportunities exploration and wealth creation) میخوانیم:
ایده یک طرز تفکر قابل اجرا، منطقی و زیبا است که بر خلاقیت و تفکر خلاق مبتنی است و زمانی که به نوآوری تبدیل میشود؛ نشان دهنده نوعی ساختارشکنی است. همچنین پروسه ایدهپردازی در عصر اطلاعات و ارتباطات خیلی ساده و از طریق مدیریت کانالهای ورودی اطلاعات به نقش بازار سرمایه در خلق ثروت ذهن چون حواس پنجگانه و تمام رشتههای فکری انسانها قابل کنترل است. به طوری که امروزه با اطلاعات و ارتباطات فراوان، انسانها از طریق ماهوارهها، شبکههای تلویزیونی، اینترنت، شبکهها و کانالهای مجازی و. بمباران اطلاعاتی میشوند و در این دنیای پریابی اطلاعاتی فقر انسان، فقر اطلاعات و ارتباطات نیست بلکه فقر مدیریت اطلاعات و ارتباطات است.
بنابراین با مدیریت درست اطلاعات و دستیابی به اطلاعات و ارتباطات مهم در زمینه اهداف و ایجاد کسب و کارهای جدید میتوان مسائل، مشکلات و چالشهای زندگی را به آسانی حل و راهحل ارائه داد و از ارائه راهحل، ایده و از عملیاتی کردن ایدهها نوآوری و کسب و کارهای جدید متولد میشوند. به طوری که نوآوری به معنی خلاقیت عینیت یافته یا تحقق یافته است. به عبارت دیگر، خلاقیت فعالیت ذهنی و عقلایی برای ایجاد ایده جدید و تازه است در حالی که نوآوری به معنای تبدیل خلاقیت به عمل یا نتیجه است که با نوآوری کسب و کارهای جدید متولد و محصولات و خدمات جدید وارد بازار میشوند.
پیشگفتار
فصل اول: مفهوم و ضرورت ارزشآفرینی و کارآفرینی
1-1- مقدمه
2-1- مفهوم ارزشآفرینی و کارآفرینی
3-1- اهمیت و ضرورت ارزشآفرینی و کارآفرینی
4-1- قانون 90/10 در عصر اطلاعات و ارتباطات
5-1- جایگاه ارزشآفرینی و کارآفرینی در بین روشهای کسب درآمد
فصل دوم: چگونه ارزشآفرین و کارآفرین شویم؟
1-2- خودشناسی مقدمه ارزشآفرینی
2-2- خلقت و شناخت انسان
3-2- خودآگاهی و ارزشآفرینی
4-2- اندیشه و ارزشآفرینی
5-2- باور و ارزشآفرینی
6-2- مدیریت اطلاعات و ارتباطات در ارزشآفرینی
7-2- خلاقیت
8-2- ایده و نوآوری
9-2- استارتاپها
10-2- ارزشآفرینی و تکنولوژی
11-2- دستاورد و ارزشآفرینی انسانها
12-2- مثلث مالکیت کسب و کار- سرمایهگذار
13-2- همکاری با دیگران و تیمسازی در ارزشآفرینی
14-2- سرمایههای اساسی ارزشآفرینی و ثروتآفرینی
15-2- اصول موفقیت استیو جابز در ارزشآفرینی
فصل سوم: ارزشآفرینی و کارآفرینی در دیدگاههای مختلف
1-3- کارآفرینی (ارزشآفرینی) در نظریههای اقتصادی
2-3- کارآفرینی (ارزشآفرینی) در دیدگاههای غیراقتصادی
1-2-3- رویکرد ویژگیها
2-2-3- رویکرد رفتاری
فصل چهارم: توسعه و ارزشآفرینی
1-4- توسعه محصول ارزشآفرینی و ثروتآفرینی
2-4- نقش و اهمیت آموزش و ترویج ارزشآفرینی و کارآفرینی در توسعه
3-4- ارزشآفرینی، اقتصاد و مدیریت خانواده
فصل پنجم: فرآیند ارزشآفرینی و کارآفرینی
1-5- مقدمه
2-5- شناسایی و کشف فرصتها و ایدهها
3-5- ارزیابی و انتخاب ایده مناسب
4-5- تدوین طرح کسب و کار
5-5- تأمین منابع مورد نیاز کسب و کار
6-5- تأسیس و راهاندازی کسب و کار
7-5- مدیریت و اداره کسب و کار
فصل ششم: گفتگو با کارآفرینان برتر شهرستان بوکان
1-6- سرمایههای نمادین ارزشآفرین
2-6- گفتگو با مهندس مسعود سیادت
3-6- گفتگو با عبدالله آهنگری
4-6- گفتگو با دکتر سیامند عزیزنژاد
5-6- گفتگو با حامد فرهادزاده
6-6- گفتگو با حمزه امینی
7-6- گفتگو با حاج رحمان امینپور
8-6- گفتگو با بایزید غفور گولی
9-6- گفتگو با فواد اسماعیلپور
پیوستها
پیوست 1: نمونه فرم خام طرح کسب و کار کامل
پیوست 2: نمونه فرم خام طرح توجیهی فنی، مالی و اقتصادی بر مبنای سایت بهینیاب
کلیات طرح توجیهی
مطالعات فنی طرح
مطالعات مالی و اقتصادی طرح
منابع
- فارسی
- انگلیسی
مدیریت یکپارچه و خلاق در مناطق آزاد موجب خلق ثروت می شود
به گزارش روزنامه جهان اقتصاد به نقل از روابط عمومی و امور بین الملل سازمان منطقه آزاد کیش، مرتضی بانک مشاور رئیس جمهور و دبیر شورای عالی مناطق آزاد تجاری، صنعتی و ویژه اقتصادی، شامگاه سه شنبه ۲۰ آبان، به مناسبت گرامی داشت ” روز کیش” در رونمایی و گشایش”طرح مسکن ملی، پارلمان زنان، سوگند نامه محیط زیست،دومین ویژه نامه معماری ساختمان جزیره کیش، طرح جامع و رویداد نوآورانه اینجا فردا است و ایجاد طرح مشاغل خانگی” را از جمله برنامه های پر محتوا، اندیشمندانه و مثمر ثمر در این منطقه برشمرد و اظهار داشت: با مدیریت مدبرانه مدیر عامل سازمان منطقه آزاد کیش، این جزیره یکی از مناطق فعال اقتصادی در سطح کشور مطرح شده است.
مشاور رییس جمهور بر اهمیت نقش منطقه آزاد کیش در خلق ثروت میان مناطق آزاد کشور اشاره داشت و افزود: راز موفقیت سازمان منطقه آزاد کیش اهتمام ویژه به “عنصر منابع و مدیریت یکسان و خلاق” در راستای دستیابی به اهداف و سیاست های کلان سازمان است.
وی یکی از ویژگی های مهم در افتتاحیه و بهره برداری از پروژه های بزرگ روز کیش را در حوزه های “صنعتی، گردشگری، هتل ها و مراکز تجاری” عنوان کرد و گفت: طرح های ارائه شده با هدف رویکرد جوامع محلی و مردم بومی کیش عملیاتی و اجرایی شده است که از
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and Namibia established diplomatic ties, but relations between the two countries were uneasy, in part because many of Namibia's senior government officials had been leaders in the guerrilla war to oust South Africa from their country. Namibia nonetheless joined the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and continued to be almost totally dependent on South Africa in trade and investment. In 1992, for example, 90 percent of Namibia's imports came from South Africa, and South Africa purchased 30 percent of Namibia's exports. Relations improved as apartheid was dismantled.
The two countries established a Joint Administrative Authority to manage the port facilities at Walvis Bay, Namibia's only deep-water port, which had remained under South African control after Namibian independence. Under pressure from the ANC, South Africa then agreed to transfer control over the port enclave to Windhoek before the 1994 elections. Namibia finally assumed control over Walvis Bay on March 1, 1994.
The prospects for multiracial democracy in South Africa prompted Namibia to sign a series of bilateral agreements with Pretoria in anticipation of the close ties they hoped to maintain through the rest of the 1990s. One of these, signed in 1992, pledged cooperation in supplying water to arid regions of both countries along their common border. In December 1994, President Mandela announced his government's decision to write off Namibia's debt, an estimated US$190 million owed to South Africa. He also transferred most South African state property in Namibia to Namibian government ownership.
After Mozambique's independence from Portugal in 1975, relations between South Africa and Mozambique were shaped by the rise to power of the revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Libertação de Moçambique--FRELIMO) government, and in particular, by FRELIMO's commitment to support regional liberation movements. South Africa provided covert military assistance to the anti-FRELIMO insurgency, RENAMO. In an attempt to curtail South Africa's intervention, Maputo entered into negotiations with Pretoria in late 1983, resulting in a non-aggression pact, the Nkomati Accord, in 1984. This accord committed both countries to end their assistance to each other's opposition movements, and to establish a joint security commission to monitor implementation of the pact. South Africa continued to assist RENAMO, however, and relations between the two countries worsened.
After unsubstantiated allegations of South African involvement in the death (in a plane crash) of Mozambican president Samora Machel in October 1986, demonstrators attacked the South African trade mission in Maputo. Pretoria threatened to retaliate by banning Mozambican migrant laborers from South Africa's mines, but this plan was not implemented. Even after South African security forces raided ANC bases around Maputo in 1987, presidents Botha and Joaquim Chissano met to try to revive the Nkomati Accord. They agreed to establish a joint commission on cooperation and development, whereby South Africa would protect Mozambique's Cahora Bassa power lines, which had been targets of RENAMO sabotage, and would assist in improving Maputo's harbor as well as road and rail links with South Africa.
Relations continued to improve in 1989 following a South African initiative to help resolve Mozambique's civil war. Although both Chissano and RENAMO leader Afonso Dhlakama rejected Pretoria's proposal of United States mediation in Mozambique, Pretoria nonetheless played an important role in persuading the two men to pursue a negotiated peace. South African president de Klerk, Zimbabwe's president Mugabe, and other regional leaders urged Mozambique's warring parties to sign a peace agreement and, after they did so in October 1992, to prepare for democratic elections. In December 1992, the UN began deploying 7,500 troops for the UN Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ), and the date for Mozambique's first multiparty elections was finally set for October 1994.
In 1993 South Africa and Mozambique agreed to formalize their trade missions in each other's capitals and to upgrade diplomatic ties. Late that year, the two countries agreed to cooperate in repatriating more than 350,000 Mozambicans who had sought refuge in South Africa--some of the more than 800,000 Mozambican refugees scattered throughout the region. The UNHCR reported that refugees continued returning to Mozambique throughout 1994 as the elections approached.
After South Africa's April 1994 elections, Deputy President Mbeki opened communication channels with RENAMO leaders, including Dhlakama, in an effort to help preserve the fragile peace in Mozambique. President Mandela made his first official state visit to the country on July 20, 1994, and he emphasized the challenges both countries faced in strengthening democratic institutions. The two governments signed agreements establishing a joint cooperation commission to pursue shared development goals in agriculture, security, transportation, and medicine.
In 1996 the two countries began to implement a South African proposal for a small group of South African farmers to settle and farm land in Mozambique. The proposal had originated in the desire of a few Afrikaner farmers to leave South Africa, and both governments viewed it as a possible means of improving the agricultural infrastructure in Mozambique and of providing jobs for farm laborers there. For Pretoria, the proposal held some promise of reducing the influx of farm workers into South Africa.
South African-Zambian relations until 1990 were shaped by Zambia's support for antiapartheid movements inside South Africa, by its agreement to allow anti-South African SWAPO guerrillas to operate from Zambia's territory, and by its anti-RENAMO assistance to government forces in Mozambique. As one of the leaders of the frontline states against South Africa, Zambia provided safe haven for the ANC, which had its headquarters in Lusaka, prompting military reprisals by South Africa in the late 1980s. Relations between the two countries improved as apartheid was being dismantled in the early 1990s, leading to several visits by the two countries' leaders. Then-president Kaunda visited South Africa for the first time in February 1992, and the two countries established diplomatic ties and began to normalize trade relations later that year. (Zambia was already South Africa's second largest African trading partner.) President de Klerk visited Lusaka in mid-1993, the first visit by a South African head of state. In 1994 South Africa continued to be the most important source of Zambian imports--mostly machinery and manufactured goods--and the two countries were exploring new avenues for trade during the rest of the 1990s.
South Africa has long-standing geographic, commercial, and political ties with Angola, which became independent from Portugal in November 1975. Until the early 1990s, relations between the two countries were strained, however, owing primarily to South Africa's extensive military support for the insurgent movement in Angola. The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola--UNITA), led by Jonas Savimbi, had waged a sixteen-year war against the Marxist-led government in Luanda. Pretoria became Savimbi's patron principally because it feared the threat of Soviet and Cuban expansionism, but by the late 1980s, a new geostrategic environment was emerging in the region. The Cold War ended, accompanied by the collapse of Angola's superpower patron, the former Soviet Union; Cuban forces withdrew from Angola as part of the 1988 Angola-Namibia Accord, and the Angolan civil war ended tentatively, with a peace agreement in May 1991.
Angola's first democratic elections in September 1992 failed, after Savimbi refused to accept his electoral defeat and the war resumed. Pretoria then supported a negotiated outcome to the festering civil war, although a few South Africans (said to be operating outside Pretoria's control) continued their support to Savimbi.
Relations between South Africa and Angola deteriorated after Pretoria withdrew its diplomatic representation from Luanda in late 1992. Early in 1993, however, both governments again began working to normalize diplomatic ties, and Pretoria promised to crack down on private channels of assistance from South Africa to Savimbi. Although de Klerk announced that South Africa would grant recognition only after a fully representative government had been installed in Luanda, Pretoria reopened its offices in Luanda and upgraded diplomatic ties in mid-1993. The two countries established full diplomatic relations on May 27, 1994, and Luanda appointed an ambassador to South Africa later that year.
In June 1994, President Mandela agreed to requests by UN Special Envoy to Angola, Alioune Blondin Beye, to attend talks with Angolan President José Eduardo dos Santos and Savimbi in an effort to end the fighting in Angola. Pretoria initially provided the venue for talks between dos Santos and President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire, as dos Santos sought an end to Zairian assistance to UNITA. Finally, in November 1994, Mandela witnessed an agreement between dos Santos and Savimbi to end the fighting in Angola and to begin rebuilding the country, and the slow process of disarming rebel fighters began in 1995.
South Africa had long maintained relatively cordial relations with Kenya, one of Africa's leading pro-Western governments, although until 1990 these ties were mostly unpublicized and centered around trade. The nature of their relations changed in November 1990 when South Africa's minister of foreign affairs, Pik Botha, visited Kenya in the first publicized ministerial-level contact between the two countries since 1960. Relations were further consolidated when President de Klerk visited Kenya in June 1991, and Kenyan president Daniel Arap Moi visited Cape Town in June 1992--the first visit to South Africa by an African head of state.
In addition to strong trade ties in the mid-1990s, South Africa and Kenya share the desire to promote cooperation among countries of the Indian Ocean Rim (IOR). In March 1995, delegations from both countries, along with representatives of Australia, India, Oman, and Singapore, met in Mauritius to discuss ways to strengthen trade, investment, and economic cooperation among IOR member states.
Nigeria maintained a hostile attitude toward South Africa for more than thirty years until the early 1990s. Then the new political environment led to President de Klerk's visit to Nigeria in April 1992 to discuss bilateral issues, primarily trade. South Africa and Nigeria established diplomatic relations in mid-1994.
President Mandela was among the small number of world leaders who in late 1995 appealed to Nigeria's military head of state, General Sani Abacha, to spare the lives of the writer and environmental activist Ken Sarowiwa and eight others convicted of inciting violence that resulted in several deaths in Nigeria. After Sarowiwa and the others were executed on November 10, 1995, Mandela called for international sanctions against the Abacha government. South African officials later dropped this demand, deferring to the OAU, which was reluctant to impose sanctions against a member state.
More about the Government of South Africa.
Source: U.S. Library of Congress今天下午1点左右，我和我17岁的女儿一起去酒吧喝酒，而我们等着其他家人去我的女儿坐下时，我下令喝一品脱可乐，只是被告知我需要我。 d代表我的女儿，因为只有18岁以上。我说是两个可乐，尽管她回答是的，我们只提供18岁以上的人。我在那里的网站上找不到任何地方注明这个字眼，桌子上没有任何东西可以说没有18岁以下的遗憾。整个地方也大约有4个人。时代的变迁没关系，我们离开并走到其他地方与少年/成年家庭成员见面。
在假期期间，我们几次去这家酒吧，我很喜欢它，好啤酒和热闹的气氛，老实说，我不知道他们提供的食物令人遗憾，因为我们两次离开那里去其他地方找食物，好的员工和好啤酒，会回来的
酒吧后面的小姑娘修剪头发的方式对我和父亲的交谈方式感到非常恶心。首先告诉我，当我礼貌地问我是否可以拿起一个高脚的玻璃杯时，她会给我她想给我的杯子，然后当我要求灌篮中不结冰时，她亲自要求我自己从杯子里拿出冰块。她付出了很多努力。以后再也不会回到这家酒吧了，因为我一直都很喜欢它，这真是太可惜了。
外观和历史板，使这个地方看起来舒适和大气。但在里面，它只是一个酒吧。这不是坏事，而是磨机的运行。不是我们所期待的，也没有什么特别的拖延你。足够友好，并显示内部和外部覆盖和加热区域的足球。
我们喜欢这个古老的传统英式酒吧：非常友好的员工，不错的安慰，优质的氛围。它有一个非常小的花园。
每周五结识朋友，最后通常在霍华德喝一杯葡萄酒，但由于需要翻新，所以选择了国王在渔民街 - 中央和传统酒吧。葡萄酒非常好，比平常贵一点但总体可以接受。在我们即将离开之前 - 我们被指控没有付款，虽然我完全确定我已经支付了16，因为我之前有20张钞票而且只有4个硬币在离开时 - 我们的经验是羞辱和尴尬我们花了一半小时说服我们付钱的工作人员，然后去其他机构，经理可以看中央电视台，又花了20分钟感觉像一个罪犯 - 直到最后经理发现中央电视台的证据我已经交出我的20注 - 我无法解释我的感受 - 并继续感受。不会再遇到任何一个机构，并会建议任何获得收据的人，或者你可能会觉得自己像犯罪分子一样 - 就像我做的那样。
令人作呕的经历
与3位朋友坐在一起等待2个人到达。经理要我们搬到1桌上而不是用两张桌子！因为我们失去了他的习惯！ ！他没有什么，当我们在一起时，我们将有更多的食物和更多的饮料！但我们离开了，去了其他地方！所以他确实失去了习惯！我们的！不好动！ ！
自90年代以来一直在这里。 。 。 。总是很好的啤酒选择，包括客人啤酒。
诚实的小酒吧吸引了各种各样的游客。
员工总是很好。
从未吃过食物。 。 。
这个酒吧曾经是我和我的家人，我最喜欢吃午餐的地方。我们已经推荐给了几十个人。它总是很好的价值，良好的自制食品，良好的友好服务。不再。不要去。
菜单已经改变，试图以极高的价格提供美味的食物，但我们认为以前总是好的。没有可怕的，奶油蛋卷卷被微波炉，不能吃它。当被问到我是否可以在菜单上点东西时，工作人员非常粗鲁。
认为有些事情是不对的，当我们在周六午餐时间得到一张桌子时，通常需要等待一个。
我不是一个留下评论的人，这是我第二次做评论。
有很多东西要说，因为如果没有破坏，就不要修理它。
我是一个70岁的养老金领取者，被恶心和粗鲁的矿主处理，同时命令我和我的妻子在酒吧喝一杯，请避开这个酒吧或冒着一切可能的不尊重和不尊重的行为冒险但他的酒吧工作人员也是About The North Pacific Right Whale
The North Pacific right whale (Eubalaena japonica) is an enormous, robust, baleen whale species that is now extremely rare and endangered. Recently, it has been demonstrated that there are right whales in the three major ocean basins where they are found: North Pacific, North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. At one time, they were considered one whale, but now 3 distinct species are recognized: The North Pacific Right Whale (E. japonica), the North Atlantic Right Whale (E. glacialis) and the Southern Right Whale (E. australis).
Although gentle and playful, right whales have had the misfortune of being defined and even named according to their value as hunted rather than living creatures. Whalers named the species, thinking that these were the “right whales” to kill because they are slow swimmers, swim within sight of shore and their carcasses float. Right whales were hunted for oil, meat, apparel materials, umbrella ribs, and buggy whips until the early 20th century. After commercial whaling ceased on these whales in the 1930s, the right whales have not made any significant recovery. Once abundant, the North Pacific right whale is now the most endangered whale in the world.
The Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) has been leading an international fight to protect critical habitat for the North Pacific right whale since 2000. In that year, the CBD formally requested that the National Marine Fisheries Service protect the whale’s critical habitat as required by the Endangered Species Act. After putting up with years of agency inaction and delay, the CBD was forced to sue the Service to insure habitat protection. Eventually, the Service designated critical habitat for the North Pacific right whale in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska.
Though the North Pacific right whale has been considered officially endangered for almost 40 years, it long shared its Endangered Species Act listing with the North Atlantic right whale, thus not receiving the individual recognition and protection it deserved. But in 2008, in response to the CBD’s 2005 petition and 2006 lawsuit, the Service listed the whale as endangered as a distinct species. This significantly increased the whale’s legal protection and triggered requirements to prepare a recovery plan and take other measures for the species’ conservation. In 2010, another CBD lawsuit contributed to the cancellation of an oil and gas lease sale in Alaska’s Bristol Bay, within the North Pacific right whale’s critical habitat.
The North Pacific right whales are so rare that there are no pictures we could find of one breaching. These photos are an example of its cousin, the South Pacific right whale.Bir lisans dört yıllık bir lisans derecesi ve dünyanın büyük bir bölümünde yüksek öğrenim için standarttır. Lisans derecesi halk eğitim de ve çevrimiçi üniversiteler ile, özel üniversitelerde, devlet üniversitelerinde elde edilebilir.
Resmi olarak Güney Afrika, Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti, Afrika'nın güney ucunda yer alan bir ülkedir. Bu dokuz ile ayrılmıştır. Güney Afrika noktası kapalı sadece bir atlama değil, kültür, fauna ve flora ve tarih açısından zengin fantastik bir hedef kendisidir.
Yarı zamanlı Lisans Program içinde Pedagoji Güney Afrika'da
or search for similar programs hereThe United States of Africa originated from Marcus Garvey. Some people want to give credit for the idea to Muammar Gaddafi. Others want to connect it to Robert Mugabe. If they believed the world should be the way they want it to be, all those people would have to do is tell the truth. Confident truth is prevailing, we provide below the original concept of the United States of Africa in a poem by Marcus Garvey.
Hail! United States of Africa–free
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改时，因他住的仓库是生产用房，不参加房改。10多年前，有一个开发商看中了那块地方，要他搬迁。但他的房子未参加房改没有产权，于是拆迁没有回迁房，也没有补偿。他当然不让。周围的居住房都被拆掉了，他和住在仓库里的几户，就成了“钉子户”。于是，给他们断水，断电，24小时用高音喇叭对他们广播，半夜敲门敲窗户吓唬他们。其它“钉子户”都熬不住走了，他不走，他说：“我怕啥？八百万国民党都被我打败，还怕这几个小鬼。”市长亲自上门来动员，被他教训了一顿。有一天，是在大年初四，突然来了一帮人，开着几辆车，将他从房里强行拉出来，将屋里的东西都扔出来，然后将他的房子扒了。从此，他开始了他的上访生涯。他说：
“我找信访局，信访局将我的人民来信转到县供销社。供销社已经倒了，只剩几个人看门，用出租房屋的租金，天天吃喝玩乐。信访局又叫我找组织部老干部局，组织部说这是市长亲自过问的事情，叫我找政府办。政府办说这涉及到供销社几个干部多占住房的问题，如果能让他们将多占的房子退出来，就能分给我一套；叫我找纪委。纪委说，清房工作早已结束，现在已没有人负责这事，叫我向法院起诉，打民事官司。法院说这不是一般的民事案件，房产开发问题是当前国家敏感的经济政策问题，没有法律依据，叫我找老年协会调解。老年协会倒是很同情我，但他们解决不了问题。就这么推来推去，推到现在。信访局甚至还叫我去找老干部活动室。过去我当领导时，有好处都让给职工。现在我们供销社现在几个领导，都是八几年工作的，哪个没有几套房子。我抗日战争就参加革命，至今连一间房都没有。现在的拆迁，就像强盗一样，死了人也没人管。当年我们提着脑袋打江山，没想到现在就让这帮人作威作福……”
说完，他颤颤巍巍拄着拐杖站起身要走，一边说：“我知道你们不管这事，但我要说给你听听，说了心里舒服。他们谁也不肯听我说。你是好人，要是你管这事就好了……”
我站起来送他，一边想：假如我管这事也无能为力，还是法院说得对，“这不是一般的民事纠纷”，现在政府为了房地产，为了拆迁的事，已经发了疯，什么也不顾。那么多恶性拆迁事件，死了那么多人，有哪个领导哪怕是作过一个字的批示的呢？,Primaria, dovrai determinare quale struttura vuoi ottenere il tuo e-book Cuffed and clamped for his pleasure: book 4 of 'pleasing the master'. con. Quasi tutti i libri Cuffed and clamped for his pleasure: book 4 of 'pleasing the master'. sito web dispone di una selezione a discesa per quanto riguarda una vasta selezione unica di file di dati di piattaforme, nulla da zero report in un EPUB in un formato di dati adatto per quasi qualsiasi smart phone disponibili sul mercato oggi. Una volta che hai capito il formato di dati, a seguire per il pulsante di download, e si ha realmente sono lontani dai oltre a gestire.
Il nostro sito web è un sito web facile da usare per implementare. È possibile scorrere la lista di controllo in materia organizzata in ordine alfabetico creatori sul lato anteriore di una pagina web, o anche controllare questa lista di Miglioramenti più Recenti in cima. Una volta si vede qualche cosa che ti interessa, scegliere e prenotare Cuffed and clamped for his pleasure: book 4 of 'pleasing the master'. e sarà che il libro è certa pagina web. Chiunque può certamente scegliere di vedere le pagine nel proprio browser internet (più facile) o stampare le pagine web e, più tardi.
Raffica ?! Grazie 4 link per il download
Posso dire onestamente che è stata una delle cose migliori che abbia mai letto
Posso dire onestamente che è stata una delle cose migliori che abbia mai letto
Basta selezionare e fare clic sul pulsante per scaricare e completare un'offerta per iniziare a scaricare l'eBook. Se c'è un'indagine richiede solo cinque minuti, prova qualsiasi lavoro di indagine per te.
lol non ho nemmeno preso 5 minuti a tutti! XD2. The choice of filler
According to the law of refraction, when the light is incident from the optical density medium to the optical sparse medium, the total emission occurs when the incident angle reaches a certain value, that is, greater than or equal to the critical angle. In the case of a GaN blue chip, the refractive index of the GaN material is 2.3, and when the light is emitted from the inside of the crystal to the air, the critical angle θ0 = sin-1 (n2 / n1)
Where n2 is equal to 1, i.e., the refractive index of air, and n1 is the refractive index of GaN, whereby the critical angle? 0 is calculated to be about 25.8 degrees. In this case, the light emitted by the incident light is less than 25.8 degrees in the space of the solid angle of the light, it is reported that the current external quantum efficiency of GaN chips in the 30% -40%, therefore, due to the internal absorption of chip crystals , Can be injected into the crystal outside the proportion of light is very small. It is reported that the current GaN chip external quantum efficiency of 30% -40%. Similarly, the light emitted by the chip through the packaging material, sent to the space, but also consider the impact of material on the efficiency of light extraction.
Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of LED products to take light, you must improve the value of n2, that is, to improve the refractive index of the packaging material to improve the critical angle of the product, thereby enhancing the product packaging luminous efficiency. At the same time, the packaging material to light absorption is small. In order to increase the proportion of light emitted, the outline of the package is preferably arched or hemispherical, so that light from the package material to the air, almost perpendicular to the interface, and thus no longer produce total reflection.
3. Reflection processing
There are two main aspects of the reflection process, one is the reflection of the internal processing of the chip, the second is the reflection of the material on the light, through the internal and external reflection processing, to improve the proportion of the light emitted from the chip within the chip to reduce the absorption, Improve the luminous efficiency of power LED products. From the package, the power LED is usually the power chip assembled with a reflective cavity on the metal bracket or substrate, the bracket-type reflective cavity is generally taken to improve the reflective effect of plating, and the substrate-type reflective cavity is generally used to polish Way, the conditions will also be electroplating, but the above two kinds of processing methods by the mold accuracy and process effects, after treatment of the reflective cavity has a certain reflection effect, but not ideal. At present, the domestic production of substrate-based reflective cavity, due to lack of precision polishing or metal coating oxidation, reflection effect is poor, which led to a lot of light in the refraction area after being absorbed, can not reflect the desired target to the smooth surface, resulting in the final After the package to take light efficiency is low.
We have studied and tested a variety of self-intellectual property using the organic material coating of the reflective treatment process, through this process, so that reflected in the carrier cavity of the light absorption is very small, can most of the The light above it is reflected to the smooth surface. The efficiency of the treated product after this treatment can be increased by 30% to 50% compared with that before treatment. Our current 1W white power LED luminous efficiency up to 40-50lm / W (in the distant PMS-50 spectral analysis test instrument test results), get a good package effect.
4. Phosphor selection and coating
For white power LED, the improvement of luminous efficiency is also related to the choice of phosphor and process. In order to improve the efficiency of the phosphor to stimulate the blue chip, the first choice of phosphor to be appropriate, including the excitation wavelength, particle size, excitation efficiency, etc., need a comprehensive assessment, taking into account the various performance. Secondly, the coating of the phosphor should be uniform, and it is preferable that the thickness of the adhesive layer of each light-emitting surface is uniform, so that the local light can not be emitted due to uneven thickness, and the quality of the spot can be improved.
Good thermal design to improve the power LED products luminous efficiency has a significant role, but also to ensure product life and reliability of the premise. And the design of a good light channel, where the focus refers to the reflective cavity, filled with plastic and other structural design, material selection and process, can effectively improve the power LED light extraction efficiency. For power-type white LED, the choice of phosphor and process design, the improvement of light and luminous efficiency is also essential.Di cosa si discute al summit Nato: Zelensky chiede più armi all’Alleanza
Si chiude il vertice del G7 e comincia quello della Nato. I leader dei Paesi dell'Alleanza Atlantica si incontrano a Madrid per fare il punto sul sostegno all'Ucraina, a oltre tre mesi dall'invasione russa. Anche Draghi volerà nella capitale spagnola, dove il presidente degli Stati Uniti Joe Biden potrebbe anche annunciare di voler rafforzare le truppe statunitensi in Polonia, al confine con il fronte. Nel frattempo, prima del vertice, il segretario generale della Nato Jens Stoltenberg ha telefonato al presidente ucraino Volodymyr Zelensky, per parlare appunto del sostegno dell'Alleanza a Kiev: "Aumenteremo il sostegno al nostro stretto alleato, l'Ucraina, ora a lungo termine. Gli alleati Nato sono con voi", ha scritto il primo.
Il secondo, invece, è tornato a insistere sulla necessità di fornire più armi al suo Paese, in modo che possa difendersi dall'aggressione di Mosca: "Abbiamo coordinato le nostre posizioni alla vigilia del vertice Nato di Madrid e sottolineato l'importanza di un potente sistema di difesa missilistico per prevenire gli attacchi terroristici russi".
La questione dei flussi di armi verso l'Ucraina sarà chiaramente un tema centrale, con i diversi Paesi che non sempre coincidono nelle posizioni. Zelensky avrebbe anche richiesto di includere la Russia tra quei Paesi che sponsorizzano il terrorismo. Intanto l'ex presidente russo, attualmente vicepresidente del Consiglio di sicurezza, Dmitry Medvedev, ha parlato della questione Crimea: "Per noi la Crimea fa parte della Russia, e questo per sempre. Qualsiasi tentativo di invadere la Crimea equivarrebbe a una dichiarazione di guerra contro il nostro paese. Se uno stato membro della Nato facesse una mossa simile, porterebbe a un conflitto contro l'intera Alleanza del Nord Atlantico, alla terza guerra mondiale, a un totale disastro".
Anche la Cina ha fatto sapere che "il cosiddetto nuovo documento strategico della Nato non è altro che ‘vecchio vino in bottiglia nuova', in sostanza non cambia la mentalità della Guerra Fredda di creare nemici immaginari e impegnarsi in scontri sul campo". È il commento del portavoce del ministero degli Esteri cinese Zhao Lijian.From Middle English need, nede, partly from Old English nīed, nēad, from Proto-Germanic *naudiz, *nauþiz (“need, trouble, force, distress, compulsion”), from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂u-tí- (“torment, misfortune”); and partly from Old English nēod (“desire, longing; zeal, eagerness, diligence, earnestness, earnest endeavor; pleasure, delight”), from Proto-Germanic *neudō, *neudaz (“wish, urge, desire, longing”), from Proto-Indo-European *new- (“to incline, tend, move, push, nod, wave”). Cognate with Scots nede (“need”), North Frisian nud (“hardship, danger, fear, self-defense, compulsion, control”), West Frisian need (“need”), Dutch nood (“need, want, distress, peril”), Low German Noot (“need”), German Not (“need, distress, necessity, hardship”), Danish nød (“distress, need, necessity”), Swedish nöd (“distress, need, necessity, want”), Icelandic neyð, nauð (“distress, emergency, need”), North Frisian njoe (“requirement, foredeal, benefit, convenience”), Middle Low German nüt (“desire, need, longing”), Middle High German niet (“longing, desire, eagerness, zeal”), German niedlich (“desirable, appealing, lovely, cute”). More at needly.
need (plural needs)
- (countable and uncountable) A requirement for something; something needed.
There's no need to speculate; we can easily find out for sure.
She grew irritated with his constant need for attention.
Our needs are not being met.
I've always tried to have few needs beyond food, clothing and shelter.
- William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
- I have no need to beg.
- Jeremy Taylor (1613–1677)
- Be governed by your needs, not by your fancy.
2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891:
- One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. […] But out of sight is out of mind. And that, together with the inherent yuckiness of the subject, means that many old sewers have been neglected and are in dire need of repair.
- Lack of means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution.
- William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
- Famine is in thy cheeks; / Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes.
- Adjectives often used with “need”: urgent, dire, desperate, strong, unmet, bad, basic, critical, essential, big, terrible, modest, elementary, daily, everyday, special, educational, environmental, human, personal, financial, emotional, medical, nutritional, spiritual, public, developmental, organizational, legal, fundamental, audio-visual, psychological, corporate, societal, psychosocial, functional, additional, caloric, private, monetary, physiological, mental.
- Albanian: nevojë (sq) f
- Arabic: حَاجَة f (ḥāja), ضَرُورَة f (ḍarūra)
- Armenian: կարիք (hy) (karikʿ), անհրաժեշտություն (hy) (anhražeštutʿyun)
- Catalan: necessitat f
- Mandarin: 需求 (zh) (xūqiú)
- Czech: potřeba (cs) f
- Danish: behov (da) n
- Dutch: behoefte (nl) f
- Esperanto: bezono
- Faroese: tørvur m, tarvur m, trongd f
- Finnish: tarve (fi)
- French: besoin (fr) m, nécessité (fr) f
- Friulian: bisugne f, necessitât
- German: Notwendigkeit (de) f, Bedarf (de) m, Bedürfnis (de) n
- Ancient: χρεία f (khreía)
- Hebrew: צורך \ צֹרֶךְ (he) m (tsórekh)
- Hindi: ज़रूरत f (zarurat)
- Hungarian: szükség (hu)
- Ido: bezono (io)
- Interlingua: necessitate, besonio (ia)
- Irish: gá m
- Istriot: bazuogno m
- Italian: bisogno (it) m, necessità (it) f
- Japanese: 必要 (ja) (ひつよう, hitsuyō)
- Korean: 필요 (ko) (piryo)
- Latin: necessitudo f, necessitas f, opus (la) n
- Latvian: vajadzība f
- Lojban: nitcu (jbo)
- Macedonian: потреба f (potreba), нужда f (nužda), зорт m (zort)
- Malay: keperluan
- Ngazidja Comorian: hadja class 9/10
- Norman: bésouogn m (Guernsey)
- Occitan: besonh
- Old English: þarf
- Old French: besoing m
- Old Saxon: tharf
- Persian: نیاز (fa) (niyâz)
- Polish: potrzeba (pl) f
- Portuguese: necessidade (pt) f
- Romanian: necesitate (ro) f, cerință (ro) f, nevoie (ro)
- Romansch: basegn m
- Russian: нужда́ (ru) f (nuždá), потре́бность (ru) f (potrébnostʹ), необходи́мость (ru) f (neobxodímostʹ)
- Scottish Gaelic: feum m
- Sicilian: bisognu (scn) m
- Spanish: necesidad (es) f, necesidades (es) f pl
- Swahili: uhitaji, haja (sw)
- Swedish: behov (sv) n
- Tagalog: pangangailangan (tl)
- Telugu: అవసరము (te) (avasaramu)
- Turkish: gereksinim (tr), ihtiyaç (tr), eksik (tr), gereklilik (tr)
- Ukrainian: нужда́ f (nuždá), потре́ба (uk) f (potréba), необхі́дність f (neobxídnistʹ)
- Urdu: ضرورت f (zarurat)
- Uyghur: ئېھتىياج (ëhtiyaj), لازىملىق (lazimliq), كېرەكلىك (këreklik), زۆرۈرىيەت (zörüriyet), ھاجەت (hajet)
- Venetian: bixogno m
- Yiddish: באַדאַרף m (badarf)
lack of means of subsistence
From Middle English neden, from Old English nēodian.
need (third-person singular simple present needs, present participle needing, simple past and past participle needed)
- (transitive) To have an absolute requirement for.
Living things need water to survive.
2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup
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لماً خرید اینترنتی اره دورکن دارای مزایای زیادی است که در ادامه بیان می شود.
خرید اینترنتی اره دورکن سبب صرفه جویی در زمان و وقت خواهد شد و با چند کلیک ساده، امکان خرید را در حداقل زمان ممکن فراهم می سازد. همچنین در این نوع خرید، هزینه رفت و آمد نیز به حداقل خواهد رسید.
مسیر رفت و آمد و یا تقلبی بودن و ناکارآمدی دستگاه به صفر می رسد؛ زیرا در هنگام خرید اینترنتی اره دورکن، می توانید از گارانتی، اطلاعات دستگاه، راهنمایی مشاوران و کارشناسان فروش و سایر امکانات سایت های اینترنتی فروش اره دورکن بهره مند شوید.
در این نوع خرید می توانید تنوع محصول بیشتر و انتخاب های مختلف براساس کاتالوگ و مدل های گوناگون داشته باشید.
از تخفیفات و سایر امکانات فروش اینترنتی این دستگاه بهره مند شوید.
شرایط خرید اقساطی اره دورکن
از شرایط اقساطی، فروش دست دوم و یا مزایای دیگرخرید اره دورکن، با مراجعه به سایت های اینترنتی و بررسی و مطالعه آنها، اطلاعاتی به دست آورید.
ار تنوع قیمت های شرکت ها و مدل های مختلف محصولات بهره مند شوید. و بهترین دستگاه را با بهترین قیمت خریداری کنید که از جهت اقتصادی هم مقرون به صرفه باشد.
آشنایی با مشخصات، مزایا، راهنمای خرید و لوازم جانبی دستگاه اره دورکن، در خرید اینترنتی آن امکان پذیر خواهد بود.
نحوه خرید اینترنتی اره دور کن
خرید اینترنتی اره دورکن با مراجعه به سایت های فروش اره دورکن امکانپذیر می باشد. در این نوع خرید متقاضیان می توانند به سایت های مورد نظر مراجعه و با بررسی و مطالعه راهنمای خرید و مشاوره با کارشناسان مربوطه، آگاهی لازم را کسب نموده و با خیالی آسوده، در حداقل زمان، بهترین خرید را داشته باشید.
در خرید اینترنتی اره دورکن، در راهنمای خرید دستگاه، می توان از سایز دستگاه، مدل دستگاه، قیمت دستگاه، تنظیمات دستی یا اتومات و غیره اطلاعات کسب نمود.
راهنمای خرید اینترنتی اره دورکن
در راهنمای خرید اینترنتی اره دورکن بر اساس سایز، مشتریان و متقاضیان می توانند از سایز دستگاه های مختلف آگاهی پیدا کنند؛ مثلاً، ۱.۸۰ متر، 2 متر، 2.20 متر، 2.80 متر،3.20 متر و3.80 متر.
در راهنمای خرید اینترنتی اره دورکن بر اساس مدل، مشتریان و متقاضیان می توانند از انواع مدل ها شامل، مدل های ساده، خط زن، واگنی، لوکوموتیوی، تمام اتوماتیک و غیره، با جزئیات کامل آشنا شوند.
در راهنمای خرید اینترنتی اره دورکن بر اساس قیمت، تعیین قیمت دستگاه بر اساس توان الکتریکی، سرعت، قدرت، نوع تیعه، گونیای پشت و جلو اره، میز برش و غیره، مورد محاسبه و مقایسه برای مشتریان است.
در مواردی می توانید برای کسب اطلاعات کامل از دستگاه مورد نظر که برای خرید اینترنتی در نظر گرفته اید، مشخصات و ویژگی های آن را مشاهده نمایید؛ مثلاً اطلاع از شرکت های ارائه دهنده و معتبر که مجوز لازم برای فروش اره دورکن داشته باشند و از طرفی ویژگی های دستگاه اره دورکن از جهت دقت یونیت برای برش های زاویه دار، بالا یا پایین، نوع تیغه بکار رفته در دستگاه، تنظیمات دستی یا اتومات دستگاه، طریقه استفاده و غیره را ملاک قرار داد، تا بتوان با آگاهی کامل از جزئی ترین لوازم و تجهیزات دستگاه، خرید اینترنتی اره دورکن خود را با چند کلیک ساده، به سرعت و با سهولت تمام انجام داد.
نوشته شده در شنبه ۲۴ فروردین ۱۳۹۸ساعت 13:27
برچسب ها : خرید اینترنتی اره دورکن,خرید اره دورکن,خرید اقساطی اره دورکن,
نوشته شده در شنبه ۲۴ فروردین ۱۳۹۸ساعت 13:26
تیغه اره دورکن، مهمترین ابزاری است که در ماشین آلات برش مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد و در دستگاه اره دورکن نیز، از مهمترین قسمت های آن محسوب می شود، که بسیار مقاوم و برنده است و بر روی دستگاه نصب می شود و وظیفه برش را بر عهده دارد. تیغه اره های دورکن انواع مختلفی دارند که هر کدام برای کاربرد خاصی طراحی شده اند.
تیغه اره دورکن
دستگاه اره دورکن یکی از پر استفاده ترین و کاربردی ترین دستگاه های برش در صنعت و به طور ویژه در صنعت چوب است که به منظور ایجاد برش هایی با دقت و ظرافت بالا مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. تیغه اره، مهمترین ابزاری است که در ماشین آلات برش مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.
در دستگاه اره دورکن نیز، تیغه اره دورکن از مهمترین قسمت های آن محسوب می شود، که بسیار مقاوم و برنده است و بر روی دستگاه نصب می شود و وظیفه برش را بر عهده دارد. تیغه اره ها انواع مختلفی دارند که هر کدام برای دستگاه خاصی طراحی شده اند و نمی توان تیغه اره یک دستگاه را به دستگاهی دیگر نصب کرد.
تیغه اره
علاوه بر این هر تیغه اره بر اساس نوع متریالی که برش می زند، مانند فلز، سنگ، پلاستیک، شیشه، ام دی اف، نئوپان و سایر موارد، کاربرد متفاوتی دارد، برای مثال تیغه اره هایی که در نجاری ها مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند باید مختص برش چوب باشند. به منظور استفاده بهینه از تیغه اره و افزایش عمر آن باید اولا هر تیغه اره را برای کاربرد خودش استفاده کرد و همچنین بعد از استفاده مداوم از آن در یک ساعت، آن را تعویض کرد.
تیغه خط زن
در دستگاه اره دورکن علاوه بر تیغه اصلی، یک تیغه کوچکتر بنام تیغه خط زن هم بر روی دستگاه نصب می شود که به منظور ایجاد خط برش با عمق بسیار کم، قبل از برشکاری تیغه اره اصلی، با افزایش کیفیت لبه های برش خورده در زیر کار و در دو طرف قطعه مورد نظر می شود و به صورت یک تکه و دو تکه تولید شده که یک تکه آن دارای 24 دندانه و دو تکه آن دارای دو تیغه 12 دندانه است.
تعداد دندانه های تیغه اره اصلی، بیشتر از دندانه های تیغه اره خط زن است. تیغه اره خط زن در جهت موافق با قطعه و تیغه اصلی در جهت مخالف آن کار می کند.
انواع تیغه اره دورکن
تیغه اره دورکن با شکل دندانه های متفاوت جهت کاربردهای مختلف تولید می شود؛ تیغه اره های دندانه مخروطی (Conic) و تخت (Flat Top) جهت برش انواع نئوپان و ام دی اف روکش دار و تیغه اره با دندانه پخ چپ و راست (H-ATB) برای برش انواع قطعات چوبی و یا در اصطلاح برش خام مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند، که در این قسمت به معرفی هر یک از انواع تیغه اره دورکن می پردازیم:
تیغ اره ام دی اف بر: برای برش انواع ورق های ام دی اف و نئوپان ملامینه می باشد.
تیغ اره نئوپان بر
تیغ اره نئوپان بر: برای برش انواع پنل های نئوپان بدون روکش مناسب است. برای نوع روکش دار آن از تیغه اره ام دی اف بر استفاده می شود.
تیغ اره های چوب بر: برای برش انواع چوب و انواع نئوپان خام مناسب است.
تیغ اره های کورین بر: برای متریالی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد که دارای نوع بسیار حساسی می باشند.
تیغ اره های آلومینیوم بر: برای برش انواع آلومینیوم مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.
تیغه اره خط زن یک تکه
تیغه اره خط زن یک تکه: تیغه اره ای است که دندانه هایی با شکل مخروطی دارد و فقط می تواند ارتفاع خط زن روی ماشین را تنظیم کند. با افزایش ارتفاع تیغ اره مقدار دهانه آن به دلیل شکل مخروطیش بیشتر می گردد.
تیغه اره خط زن دو تکه
تیغه اره خط زن دو تکه: مزیت این تیغ اره نسبت به نوع تیغه اره خط زن یک تکه، امکان تنظیم دهانه تیغه اره، توسط پُرکننده های فلزی است، که فاصله دهانه را بر اساس مقدار مورد نیاز، کمی بیشتر از ضخامت تیغ اره اصلی، تنظیم می نماید.
شرکت های آلمانی لایکو و لایتز و شرکت های ایتالیایی CMT و استارک با داشتن سابقه طولانی در حوزه تولید تیغه اره دورکن و برخورداری از تخصص های پیشرفته در این حوزه، دارای محصولاتی بسیار با کیفیت و با دوام می باشند.
خرید تیغه اره دورکن
در بحث خرید تیغه اره دورکن باید به دو نکته نوع کاربرد و همچنین مشخصات فنی و ابعاد آن توجه کرد که این مشخصات شامل، وزن، ابعاد، برند، قطر خارجی، تعداد دندانه، قطر سوراخ وسط، ضخامت برش اره می شوند. تمام این ویژگی ها باید متناسب با کاری که در نظر داریم انجام دهیم، تطبیق داده شود و تیغه مورد نظر انتخاب گردد زیرا که این ویژگی ها به جز برند، مزیتی را برای خرید تیغه اره دورکن ایجاد نمی کنند.
نوشته شده در شنبه ۲۴ فروردین ۱۳۹۸ساعت 13:18
برچسب ها : تیغه اره دورکن,کیفیت تیغه اره دورکن,انواع تیغه اره دورکن,
برش با اره دورکن، یکی از دستگاه های مورد استفاده در صنایع چوب اره دورکن میباشد که برای برش چوب با ابعاد بزرگ استفاده میگردد. برای آشنایی با اره دورکن و خرید به صرفه تر اره دورکن مارا همراهی کنید.
برش با اره دورکن
یکی از دستگاه های مورد استفاده در صنایع چوب و برش کاری اره دورکن می باشد از اره دورکن برای برش چوب با ابعاد بزرگ استفاده می کنند. این دستگاه ها با وجود تنوع های فراوان به دو دسته عمده تقسیم می گردند دستگاه های دستی و اتوماتیک.
در دستگاه های اتوماتیک عموما صفحه لمسی وجود دارد و امکان تنظیم زاویه اره اصلی و اره خط زن راحت تر می باشد. اره دورکن ها یا ریلی ، واگنی و یا لوکوموتیوی می باشند که با در نظر گرفتن کارایی هر کدام را بخواهید می توانید خرید کنید.
اره دورکن دست دوم
اگر قصد تهیه اره دورکن دست دوم دارید باید برای خرید یکسری ویژگی ها را مدنظر قرار دهید تا در خرید خود ضرر نکرده و خریدی خوب را تجربه کنید. قبل از رفتن برای خرید دستگاه بهتر است که فضایی از کارگاه که می خواهید برای دستگاه اختصاص بدهید را مشخص کنید تا سایز دستگاه هنگام خرید در نظر داشته باشید و خرید مناسبی با فضای خود داشته باشید.
توضیحاتی راجع به دستگاه اره دورکن
این دستگاه عموما با سایز های صد تا سیصد و هشتاد در بازار موجود میباشد. برای خرید دستگاه یکسری ویژگی های عمومی از جمله ارتفاع برش ، خط زن دار بودن، برش زاویه و کورس برش مد نظر میباشد.
از بخش های اصلی دستگاه که هنگام خرید باید به آن توجه نمود میز دستگاه میباشد قاعدتا از جنس آلومینیوم میباشد و در موارد با کیفیت تر سطح آن آنودایز دار میباشد که از ضربه دیدن و قور شدن آن جلوگیری می کند در سطح میز باید شیارهای برای بستن گونیا ها و گیره ها موجود باشد. اندازه میز کورس برش را مشخص میکند پس سعی کنید در انتخاب میز به کورس برش و اندازه میز دستگاه دقت نمایید.
ریل دستگاه اره دورکن
ریل دستگاه اره دورکن عمدتا ساچمه ای، واگنی یا ایکس رولx-rollمیباشد عمر ریل دستگاه و همچنین خود دستگاه در ریل های ایکس رول بیشتر بوده زیرا سطح بیشتری را نسبت به ریل های واگنی و ساچمه ای اشغال کرده است البته بازهم ریل های واگنی به دلیل اشغال سطح بیشتری نسبت به ریل های واگنی کیفیت بهتری دارند. در هنگام خرید اره دورکن دست دوم یا نو حتما این مورد را مد نظر قرار دهید.
قدرت موتور اره دورکن
پس از ریل دستگاه باید به قدرت موتور اره دورکن توجه کنید سرعت موتور باید چیزی در حدود سه هزار الی شش هزار دور در دقیقه باشد این سرعت تقریبا ایده آل است و کمک بسیاری به شما در هنگام برش ورق های با ضخامت زیاد خواهد کرد پس حتما دور موتور و قدرت موتور اره دورکن را بررسی کنید.
مورد دیگر که هنگام خرید اره دورکن دست دوم باید مد نظر قرار دهید یونیت برش دستگاه و نحوه اتصال به بدنه است همچنین تنظیمات مربوط به برش زاویه و ارتفاع را نیز بررسی کنید تا دچار مشکل نشوید در اره دورکن های چینی این مشکل ها به فراوان دیده میشود یک شرکت معتبر اروپایی بنام فلدر که برندی معتبر است این مشکل را با ترفند ایزی گلاید حل کرده. در هنگام خرید مخصوصا دستگاه دست دوم حتما این مورد دستگاه را خوب چک کرده.
گونیای جلو و پشت اره دورکن
پس از بررسی موارد گفته شده بالا بهتر است گونیای جلو و پشت اره دورکن را بررسی کنید و ببینید به درد شما میخورد یا نه فراموش نکنید برای برش با دقت و دقیق گونیای پشت اره حیاتی و مهم است معمولا گونیای پشت اره دورکن کورسی به طول صدوسی سانتی متر دارد در دستگاه های جدید قابلیت تنظیم میکرو متری دارد که بسیار به صرفه تر و با کارایی بالا می باشد.
برای برش گونیا و تحت زاویه بودن برش از گونیای جلو اره استفاده می گردد این گونیا نقش مهمی در تنظیم برش دارد سعی کنید در هنگام خرید دستگاه به تنظیمات گونیای جلو اره دورکن توجه کنید و دستگاهی را خریداری کنید که تنظیم آن از شما زمان کمتری بگیرد و آسان باشد. به طور کلی هنگام خرید دستگاه اره دورکن چه نو و چه دست دوم به تمامی موارد گفته شده دقت نمایید علاوه بر آن به برند دستگاه نیز توجه کنبد کشور سازنده دستگاه و همچنین برند ها مدت زمان کار دستگاه در دستگاه های دست دوم و سالم بودن قطعات آن با متخصص مشورت بگیرید.
نوشته شده در شنبه ۲۴ فروردین ۱۳۹۸ساعت 13:09
برچسب ها : برش با اره دورکن,اره دورکن دست دوم,اره دورکن دستی,
اره دورکن ها شامل دو دسته کلی ساده و اتوماتیک میباشند که در مباحث قبلی به تفاوت این دو پرداختیم و بررسی کردیم نحوه کار دستگاهها و تنظیمات آن ها را تا حدودی آموختیم و فرآیندها و برآیندهای دستگاه های موجود را بررسی و مقایسه نمودیم.
اره دورکن
آموختیم که اره دورکن ها شامل دو دسته عمده اتوماتیک و دستی میباشند که به فراخور تنظیمات با دست یا صفحه لمسی تقسیم می شوند. به دستگاه هایی که با دست تنظیم می گردند دستی یا ساده و به دستگاه هایی که به وسیله صفحه لمسی تنظیم میشوند اتوماتیک می گویند.
قطعاتی دقیق هنگام برش با اره دورکن
همچنین بررسی کردیم که یک دستگاه اره دورکن چه قسمت هایی را دارا می باشد و فرآیند ها و برآیندهای حاصل از دستگاه ها را بررسی کردیم و با توجه به نوع کار و کیفیت اره دورکن ها و همچنین نسبت طول عمر آن ها آشنا شدیم.
پس از بررسی اره دورکن های ایتالیایی ، اتریشی ، و نوین چوب در این مقاله قصد بررسی اره دورکن های آلمانی که توسط کمپانی پنهانس panhansساخته میشوند را داریم. کمپانی پنهانس نزدیک به صد سال است که مشغول ساختن دستگاه های صنعت چوب می باشد.
دستگاه های کمپانی پنهانس
دستگاه های ارائه دهنده کمپانی پنهانس در نوع بی نظیر و خاص خود در دنیا می باشند. کمپانی پنهانس یکی از شرکت هایی است که با به کار گیری زیبایی و دانش توسط محققان و کار گزاران خبره دستگاه هایی تولید میکند که در صنعت چوب بی نظیر و مهندسی و پیشرفته بوده به طوری که نوآوری های حاصل از تلاش این شرکت سریع به استانداردهای جهانی محصولات برش و چوبی تبدیل می شوند.
این کمپانی علاوه بر اینکه به پیشرفت و بی نقص بودن دستگاه های خود از جمله اره دورکن ها اهمیت میدهد ایمنی در هنگام کار کردن و امنیت در دستگاه های خود را ملاک و معیار مهمی قرار داده است. کمپانی پنهانس در ایران دارای نمایندگی میباشد و خرید شما از محصولات این شرکت با توجه به خدمات پس از فروش و کلاس بالای شرکت آسان و راحت خواهد بود .
ویژگی های اره دورکن v91twinll
یکی از محصولات ساخته شده توسط کمپانی پنهانس دستگاه اره دورکن v91twinllمیباشد که سعی کردیم تا حدودی درمورد آن توضیحاتی را ارائه بدهیم و کمکی برای خرید آن به شما دوستان عزیز و علاقمندان کرده باشیم.
از ویژگی های مهم این دستگاه ، قابلیت سیستم حرکت تیغه اره به درجه مثبت و منفی چهل و پنج و نیم درجه را دارا میباشد، که در کمتر دستگاهی میتوان این قابلیت را پیدا کرد. همچنین دیگر دستگاه های این شرکت نیز دارای این قابلیت می باشند. یعنی فرقی نمیکند اره دورکن برای برش چوب گرفته باشید یا ام دی اف هر دو این دستگاه ها قابلیت تنظیم درجه تیغه اره را دارند.
قدرت دستگاه v91twinll
با توجه به این سیستم قطر اره مورد استفاده در این دستگاه می تواند تا پانصد میلی متر برسد که این در نوع خود بی نظیر میباشد ودر کمتر دستگاهی میتوان چنین تنظیم و قدرتی را پیدا کرد. با توجه به اینکه این دستگاه از سیستم کوئیک پشتیبانی میکند و این سیستم را دارا میباشد شما براحتی و بدون نیاز به باز کردن اره خط زن می توانید ضخامت آن را تغییر دهید.
قدرت هر دو موتور اره را می توان تغییر داد و بدون نیاز به تغییر یا تعویض تسمه می توان قدرت را بین هزار تا شش هزار تنظیم کرد. بدنه این دستگاه از آهن با آلیاژ بسیار مرغوب میباشد. تنظیم گونیای پشت اره کاملا به صورت برقی بوده است. امنیت کاربر در اره دورکن کمپانی پنهانس در بیشترین حد ممکن رعایت شده است و مد نظر قرار گرفته.
صفحه لمسی دستگاه که برای تنظیم دستگاه مورد استفاده میباشد هفده اینچ می باشد. شما می توانید به صورت سفارشی برای این دستگاه لیزر خط زن ، جلو برنده قطعه کار ، و انواع گونیا را نیز در دستگاه داشته باشید. در این اره دورکن شما میتوانید ارتفاع برش را تغییر دهید و قدرت موتور را بصورت دستی تنظیم کنید.
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داده شده است که تنها 7 از بازپرداخت آن به بخش مسکن وارد شده است.
رزمنده دفاع مقدس گفت: بعد از شکست حصر آبادان، بچه های کرج به گیلانغرب هم اعزام شدند و حماسه گیلانغرب را رقم زدند، به گونه ای که در گیلانغرب تپه ای به نام کرجی ها وجود دارد که در محدوده گور سفید تا چغالوند است.NagyDodo / Shutterstock
Göçler kabul edildi. Belki de bunun nedeni çoğumuzun onları gördüğü - ve bazen de onların içine düştüğü - ve onların sadece akvaryum balığı için iyi olduklarını düşündüğümüzdür. Havuzlar, çocuklar için bir numaralı habitat olabilir “minibeast”AVI, ancak yetişkinlikte onlardan büyümemiz gerekiyor.
James Clegg olarak 20. yüzyıl İngiliz doğa yazarı yazdıhavuzlar, özellikle mütevazi gölet avcılığı, sistematik ve dikkatli bir şekilde gerçekleştirilirse, bilime değerli katkılarla sonuçlanabilecek olan amatörün faaliyetleri için özellikle uygun bir alandır.
Ancak, çoğu zaman, göletler daha büyük göllere ve nehirlere sabitlenmiş olan koruma stratejilerinden kaçırılır. Bu ciddi bir ihmal - havuzlar en yaygın ve yaygın habitat Antarktika'dan tropik bölgelere, dünyanın kıtaları ve adalarındaki tüm bitkiler ve hayvanlar için. Alplerin buzullarının yüzeyinde tünemiş ya da yağmurlarla dolup taşmak için, ekvator ormanlarının derinliklerinde ya da şehrin yayıldığı yerin ortasında çöl kuraklıklarını beklemek. İyi olabilirler Mars'ta bulundu.
Geçtiğimiz 20 yıllarında, Birleşik Krallık’ın öncülüğünde Birleşik Krallık’ın önderlik ettiği göletler hakkında araştırmalar yapıldı. Tatlı Su Habitatları Güven ve uluslararası alanda Avrupa Gölet Koruma Ağı. Bu kuruluşlar, gölet biyolojik çeşitliliğinin korunmasına yardımcı olmak için araştırmacıları ve uygulayıcıları bir araya getirir. Çalışmaları, göletlerin nehirler, akarsular ve göller ile karşılaştırıldığında türler açısından orantısız derecede zengin, peyzajdaki biyolojik çeşitlilikteki sıcak noktalar olduğunu ve çok nadir uzmanlığa ev sahipliği yaptıGibi peri ve kurbağa yavrusu karides.
Havuzlar, su basmasına neden olabilecek su taşmasını yavaşlatarak insanlara fayda sağlar ve fazla besinleri paspaslamak - “şimdi” olarak tanınanlara harika bir örnekküçük su kütleleri“Bir manzarayı zenginleştiren ve canlandıran”. Ancak, küresel olarak, jeokimyasal süreçlerin yoğunluğu ve dünyadaki çok sayıda havuz sayısı göz önüne alındığında, havuzlar atmosferik karbonu depolamak ve serbest bırakmak suretiyle de önemli olabilir. Bununla birlikte, göletlerin karbonu ne kadar hızlı gömerek çok iyi anlaşılamamıştır.
Kendi arka bahçenizde bir karbon lavabo
Havuzların karbon depolayabildiği hızı ölçmek zordur, çünkü birçok havuzun yaşı bilinmemektedir. Almak Karbon mezar oranlarının hassas ölçümleri Yaşı tam olarak bilinen bazı küçük ova havuzlarını kullanarak alışılmadık bir fırsattan faydalandık. Havuzlar, 1994’te, kuzeydoğu İngiltere’deki Hauxley Doğa Koruma Birimi’nde kazılmıştır. Onların asıl amacı takip etmekti. bitki ve omurgasızların kolonizasyonu.
Yirmi yıl sonra, koyu renkli ve organik enkaz bakımından zengin, alttaki kilden belirgin şekilde farklı bir tortu tabakası biriktirmişlerdi. Tortu çekirdeği kullandık ve biriken organik karbonu ölçmek için bazı havuzlardan tüm sedimenti çıkardık. Çekirdekteki karbon miktarı, toplam sediment hacmini yansıtacak şekilde diğer havuzlardan kazınan miktara yükseltildi.
InnerSelf'ten En Son Haberleri Alın
Göletlerin organik karbon için gömülme oranları, yılda ortalama 79g olan 247 ile metrekare başına yıllık 142g arasında değişmekteydi. Bu oranlar yüksektir - gibi çevredeki habitatlara atfedilen 2-5g oranlarından çok daha yüksektir ormanlık veya otlak. Küçük göletler bir işgal İngiltere toprak alanının küçük bir kısmı -% 0.0006% - antik ormanlık alanlardaki% 36 veya% 2.3'teki otlaklara kıyasla. Ancak, bulduğumuz karbon gömülme hızı, göletlerin otlak alanın çok daha geniş bir alanı kadar gömmesine neden olacaktı.
Bununla birlikte, karbon döngüsünde havuzların oynadığı rol karmaşıktır. Bazı havuzlar gibi önemli sera gazı kaynakları olabilir. permafrost çözülme havuzları tundralar kadar daha fazla karbon salınan Arctic’te ılık olarak bulunurlar. Hauxley havuzlarımız, kuruduklarında ya da yeniden su bastıklarında net bir lavabodan net bir karbon kaynağına geçiş yapabilirler. Bununla birlikte, göletlerimiz 20 yıllarında bol miktarda karbon biriktirmiş ve birçok hayvan ve bitkiye ev sahipliği yapmıştır.
Kurbağa yavrusu karides (Triops cancriformis) dünyanın en yaşlı canlılarıdır ve göletlerde yaşarlar. Repina Valeriya / Shutterstock
Su birikintilerimizdeki karbon mezarını inşa etmek için hiçbir şey yapılmadı - karbon yakalamayı maksimize edecek yapay bir verimlilik artışı yoktu. Bunlar, ılıman iklimlerin çoğunun tipik olarak yoğun olduğu tarlalardaki tarlalar arasındaki küçük, sığ, ova göletleridir. Benzer havuzlar ve küçük sulak alanlar, öncelikle yaban hayatı koruma için kazınmış, yerel peyzaj boyunca işaretlenmiştir.
Bu ova göletlerinin oluşturulması kolaydır. arka bahçede bile. Küçük ve geçici olabilirler - temiz su anahtardır - ve vahşi yaşamlarının değeri artık kesin olarak anlaşılmıştır. Artık göz ardı edilmiyor, havuzların karbon döngüsündeki ve iklim değişikliği ile mücadeledeki önemi belirginleşiyor.
Yazar hakkında
Mike Jeffries, Doçent, Ekoloji Northumbria Üniversitesi, Newcastle
İlgili Kitaplar
{amazonWS: searchindex = Kitaplar; anahtar kelimeler = iklim değişikliği; maxresults = 3}Heiva I Tahiti: The Festival of All Festivals
As we prepare to celebrate Independence Day on July 4th, there’s another country, nestled deep in the Pacific, enjoying its own festivities in honor of its independence—it’s cultural independence, that is.
Tahiti kicked off its 136th Heiva Festival on June 22nd, a spectacular month-long annual celebration known as the country’s Celebration of Life. Note: Bora Bora also celebrates with Heiva I Bora Bora typically during the same timeframe. The Heiva serves as the quintessential, iconic event that allows the French Polynesian people to showcase their unique heritage and the very best in Tahitian dancing, artistry, and physical prowess—foundations of their culture that were almost completely lost.
A Culture Nearly Lost
While art, music, and dance have always been paramount to Tahitian culture, these artforms spent many years hidden away. When the European Protestant missionaries colonized the islands in the 19th century, they found many of the practices to be erotic and especially irreverent. Sadly, the missionaries sought to assimilate the natives of French Polynesia and eradicate several elements of Tahitian culture. Everything from their manner of dress (or lack thereof) to dancing and tattoos was banned.
Tahitians dressed in missionary robes circa 1860-1879. Photo made
available via French National Library Reference No Cote: 1998-3121-173
Fortunately, many traditions had been kept alive. Families practiced dance in secret, recorded traditions and customs, and took tremendous risk in the clandestine sharing of these legacies for the next generation. And, after Tahiti was annexed by France in 1881, the coming decades brought a resurgence of Tahitian pride and heritage that all culminated in a formal celebration that has become the Heiva I Tahiti. The Heiva portrays a Tahitian renaissance that is at once beautiful and exhilarating to witness.
The Heiva Experience
The festival is truly a feast for the senses! You’ll hear live music from orchestras of as many as fifty musicians playing indigenous instruments such as the Vivo (a bamboo nasal flute), Pu (Conch shells), and the ukulele. These eclectic combinations create a mixed vibe of relaxation, celebration, and an overall state of bliss.
Perhaps one of the main draws of Heiva are the elaborate dance shows. Scantily clad male and female dancers expertly execute the traditional dances of their ancestors, all competing for the winning title. Dance moves can be slow and sensual with serpentine hand gestures, to rapid hip gyrations that put Miley Cyrus’ twerking to shame. To be clear, there is meaning in every dance and a story to be witnessed. From the movement of the bodies to the intricate details of the costumes—each dance serves as an operatic work of art.
Professional dancers begin preparing more than six months in advance for
the Heiva dance competition. Photo courtesy of Bora Bora Insider.
Spend any length of time among local Tahitians and you’ll pick up on their passion for song. The Heiva celebrates this passion with a singing competition. Songs are sung a cappella and completely in the Tahitian language (Reo Ma’Ohi). This type of singing comes across as incredibly authentic—as if the sound is coming directly from the soul. When you first begin listening you may hear what appears to be out of key; however, you’ll soon build an affinity for the unique tonalities, the blend of harmonies, the pure emotion, and magically the sound becomes nothing less than perfection.
Tahitians also take pride in their athletic abilities and the Heiva is a showcase for traditional sports. Participants are prized for their ability to perform the activities of their ancestors. These include lifting heavy rocks, racing outrigger canoes, racing while carrying large bundles of fruit, archery and spear tossing, and shimmying up palm trees with lightning speed.
Physical prowess carries a tremendous sense of pride in Tahitian culture and is
displayed through stone carrier, fruit running, and spear throwing to name a few.
Photo ©Suliane Favennec, Heiva Tu’aro ma’ohi 2014
The Heiva is certainly something to be experienced (of the bucket list variety)! It’s steeped in culture, deeply rooted in tradition and heritage, and it all takes place in the dreamy islands of Tahiti! You can learn even more about Heiva at the following websites:
Experience Heiva for Yourself!
Thinking of attending Heiva 2018 or later? We have the experience and expertise to plan the perfect experience for you but you’ll need to act quickly. Due to its popularity, flights and rooms often sell out months in advance of the Heiva. Get in touch with us today to plan your trip for the next Heiva.广东省高级人民法院
公告
（2021）粤民申115号
许忠波：
本院受理再审申请人广州大城房地产开发有限公司与被申请人陈容、许忠波，一审第三人中国建设银行股份有限公司广州从化支行商品房预售合同纠纷一案，现已审查终结。你方作为再审被申请人，因你方地址不详且无其他联系方式，导致本院无法向你方依法送达本案的诉讼文书，现依照《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》第九十五条的规定，向你方公告送达本院（2021）粤民申115号民事裁定书。裁定如下：指令广东省广州市中级人民法院再审本案。
自本公告发出之日起经过三十日，即视为送达。
特此公告。
二〇二二年六月十五日ISO10015 ایزو ۱۰۰۱۵ (استاندارد ایزو آموزش سازمان ها)
نیروی کار در طول زمان شاهد تغییرات و گسترش صنعت، جغرافیا و عوامل مختلف بسیاری بوده است، اما این دانش و توانایی های پرسنل یک سازمان است که همیشه کار را هدایت می کند. برای راهنمایی در این زمینه، استاندارد مدیریت کیفیت بر آموزش سازمان ها یعنی ایزو 10015 ایزو ۱۰۰۱۵ (استاندارد ایزو آموزش سازمان ها) دستورالعملهایی برای مدیریت بهتر و توسعه افراد، رویکردی را ارائه میدهد که میتواند برای آموزش نیروی کار و رشد کسب و کار سازمان ها اعمال شود. از آنجایی که عملکرد یک سازمان ناشی از شایستگی های افرادی است که به کار می گیرد، مدیریت و آموزش موفق و فرآیندهای سیستماتیک اعمال شده در سطح سازمانی، تیمی و فردی می تواند به سازمان ها کمک کند تا قابلیت های خود را بهبود بخشند، جهت گیری استراتژیک خود را برآورده کنند و به نتایج مورد نظر دست یابند. در ادامه نوین سرت اطلاعات جامع تری از این استاندارد در اختیار شما قرار داده است.
ISO 10015 چیست؟
استاندارد ISO 10015 یک استاندارد بین المللی برای آموزش است. به عنوان یک ابزار مهم برای تامین مدیریت کیفیت در یک شرکت در نظر گرفته می شود. این استاندارد ظاهراً کیفیت آموزش را در یک سازمان یا مؤسسه بهبود می بخشد. ISO 10015 استانداردی است که توسط ISO-TC 176 که کمیته ای از سازمان بین المللی استاندارد (ISO) است، ایجاد شده است. این کمیته مسئول مدیریت کیفیت و تضمین کیفیت است. استاندارد ISO 10015 ایزو ۱۰۰۱۵ (استاندارد ایزو آموزش سازمان ها) تحت گواهینامه ای است که دارای دستورالعمل هایی برای آموزش است. این امر مکانیزم آموزش خدمات را در سازمان بهبود می بخشد و کنترل کیفیت را در همان سازمان تضمین می کند.
اصول مدیریت کیفیت زیربنای خانواده استانداردهای ISO 9000 (که سری ISO 10000 بخشی از آن است) بر اهمیت مدیریت منابع انسانی و نیاز به آموزش مناسب تأکید دارد. آنها تشخیص می دهند که مشتریان احتمالاً به تعهد سازمان نسبت به منابع انسانی و توانایی آن در نشان دادن استراتژی مورد استفاده برای بهبود شایستگی پرسنل احترام می گذارند و برای آنها ارزش قائل هستند.
پرسنل در تمام سطوح باید آموزش ببینند تا تعهد سازمان را برای تامین محصولات با کیفیت مورد نیاز در بازاری که به سرعت در حال تغییر است، برآورده کنند، جایی که نیازها و انتظارات مشتری به طور مداوم در حال افزایش است.
این استاندارد بین المللی دستورالعمل هایی را برای کمک به سازمان ها و پرسنل آنها در هنگام رسیدگی به مسائل مربوط به آموزش ارائه می دهد. هر گونه ارجاع به “آموزش” در این سند شامل انواع آموزش و پرورش است.
اهداف یک سازمان برای بهبود مستمر، از جمله عملکرد پرسنل آن، ممکن است تحت تأثیر تعدادی از عوامل داخلی و خارجی از جمله تغییرات در بازارها، فناوری، نوآوری و نیازهای مشتریان و سایر ذینفعان قرار گیرد. چنین تغییراتی ممکن است به سازمان نیاز داشته باشد که نیازهای مرتبط با شایستگی خود را تجزیه و تحلیل کند.
مزایای استاندارد ISO 10015
خوب بسیار آشکار است که مدیریت کیفیت و تضمین کیفیت نقش کلیدی را در رشد و ارزش بازار شرکت ایفا می کند. تعدادی پیشرفت وجود دارد که کیفیت را به عنوان یک جزء در آموزش ثبت می کند. در کنار مزایای مقیاس کوچک و بزرگ استاندارد ISO 10015، مزایای اصلی زیر ذکر شده است:
1- یک سیستم آموزشی موثر را ارائه می دهد
از آنجایی که استاندارد ایزو 10015 (استاندارد ایزو آموزش سازمان ها) دارای مشخصات تضمین کیفیت در یک سازمان است، مطمئناً سیستمی از روششناسی آموزشی کامل را تکامل میدهد. گواهی استاندارد مسئول ایجاد یک سیستم آموزشی موثر در سازمان شما است.
2- کیفیت بازار عالی
از آنجایی که استاندارد ایزو 10015 به بهبود آموزش خدمات و سایر حالت های مشابه می پردازد، راه مطمئنی برای افزایش ارزش بازار دارد. با مدیریت کیفیت عالی و تضمین کیفیت، کیفیت بازار عالی به دست می آید. گواهینامه ایزو 10015 می تواند به عنوان یک عامل مهم در توسعه یک استاندارد تجاری نیز ابداع شود.
3- اطمینان در بین مشتریان و ذینفعان شرکت
سازمان بین المللی استاندارد یک نهاد تحسین شده استاندارد است. گواهینامه استاندارد ایزو 10015 نشان دهنده رویکرد خاص شما نسبت به مدیریت کیفیت است. این استاندارد تصویر شما را به عنوان یک تاجر بهبود می بخشد و اعتماد شما را در بین مشتریان و سایر ذینفعان ایجاد می کند.
4- دسترسی و شناخت جهانی
با استاندارد بین المللی تحسین شده به عنوان یک گواهی برای آموزش، شما با بازار بزرگ بین المللی روبرو می شوید که در آن حرفه ای بودن شرکت را می توان از طریق نوع کیفیتی که می توانید به عنوان یک سازمان تجاری تضمین کنید اندازه گیری کرد. استاندارد ISO 10015 به وضوح به شما یک شناخت جهانی می دهد، اما همچنین راه را برای کشف فرصت های تجاری بین المللی باز می کند.
5- مطابقت بیشتر با استانداردهای بین المللی
ایزو 10015 با حفظ کنترل کیفیت در زمینه آموزش، دستورالعملهایی را برای یک روش کارامد تجاری تنظیم میکند. این گواهی استاندارد باعث می شود که شما با استانداردهای بین المللی تجارت مطابقت بیشتری داشته باشید که به دلیل انطباق بیشتر بین المللی، شرکت شما را به یک نام قابل اعتماد در بازار تبدیل می کند.
الزامات ISO 10015
مدیریت مردم
شایستگی ها
انواع ارزیابی
بازگشت سرمایه
این سند و گواهی ایزو 10015 برای سازمان ها و متخصصانی طراحی شده است که وظیفه پیاده سازی و یا بهبود سیستم های آموزشی را بر عهده دارند
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William Morris inspired prints.
They have some fantastic visitors lined up to come along and share their expertise with Y2 in school and will so be able to give us all some top tips in how to grow plants from around the world.
Y2 have high expectations of this theme and plan some amazing work this term!L’estate e la voglia di frutta: macedonia in salsa di banane
Per la salsa di banane: 2 banane, 100 gr. di zucchero, 1 stecca di vaniglia, 2 lime o limoni verdi, 1 bicchierino da 3 cl. di rhum, 5 foglie di menta.
Di seguito la preparazione
Mondate l’ananas e tagliatelo a fette alte 1 cm. Tagliate a metà le pesche e le albicocche, togliendo loro il nocciolo. Grigliate la frutta su una piastra girando a metà cottura. Passate ora alla salsa di banane: preparate uno sciroppo, facendo scioglere lo zucchero su fiamma bassa in 1 decilitro d’acqua, insieme alla stecca di vaniglia, incisa per il lungo. Fate sobbollire per 3 minuti, quindi aggiungete il rhum e lasciate raffreddare. Sbucciate infine le banane, tagliatele a pezzetti e frullatele con il succo del lime o del limone, lo sciroppo (da cui avete provveduto a togliere la stecca di vaniglia) e le foglie di menta tritate. Servite la frutta calda cosparsa con il cocco e accompagnata con la salsa di banane.در زمینه زمین شناسی و جغرافیا الف حوزه آبخیز این اهمیت زیاد این یک فرورفتگی در زمین است که توسط سطح مرتفع تری احاطه شده است. در این منطقه ، تمام آبی که در آن می افتد ، از جمله بارش باران و برف آب شده ، به یک آب واحد همگرا می شود. در منطقه ای کم ارتفاع که مربوط به خروجی حوضه است. اینجاست که رودخانه ها ، دریاچه ها ، خورها تشکیل می شوند و در دریاها و اقیانوس ها جاری می شوند.
در این مقاله ما قصد داریم اهمیت حوضه هیدروگرافی ، ویژگی ها و زمین شناسی آن را برای شما بیان کنیم.
ویژگی های کلیدی
بسیاری از رودخانه ها حوضه مخصوص خود را دارند که کل زمین را تخلیه می کند. به عنوان مثال ، کل منطقه زهکشی رودخانه آمازون ، منطقه زهکشی آن را تشکیل می دهد منطقه زهکشی رود نیل منطقه زهکشی هیدرولوژیکی شما استبه آنها اصلی ترین سیستم طبیعی مسئول جمع آوری و انتقال آب و رسوبات هستند.
"خط" ای که حوضه های مجاور را جدا و متمایز می کند "حوض" نامیده می شود که چیزی بیشتر از یک سری ساختارهای زمین شناسی با ارتفاع قابل توجه برای جلوگیری از همگرایی آب های حوضه نیست. پشته ها ، کوه ها ، تپه ها و شکافها لایه های معمولی هستند که می توانند آبها را از هم جدا کنند.
حوضچه ها از نظر اندازه متفاوت هستند ، اما می توانند به اندازه کوچک باشند ، بیشتر مناطق یک کشور را در بر می گیرند و تا چندین کیلومتر مربع گسترش می یابند. دلیل این امر این است که حوضه تنها یک رودخانه ندارد، بلکه چندین شاخه فرعی ، که به سایر آبهای بزرگتر یا کوچکتر متصل شده اند.
بسیاری از مواقع یک رودخانه کوچک با یک رودخانه بزرگ پر می شود یا به نهر یا دریاچه متصل می شود ، بنابراین مقدار آب حوضه افزایش می یابد. بنابراین ، یک حوضه بزرگ از یک نهر اصلی و تمام سرشاخه های آن تشکیل شده است ، اما هر شاخه ای دارای یک حوضچه کوچک است. مثال: حوضه رودخانه می سی سی پی شامل 6 حوضه آبریز کوچکتر است. حوضه آمازون بزرگترین رودخانه است زیرا دارای زهکشی بیش از 7 میلیون کیلومتر مربع است.
حوزه آبخیز اصلی ترین سیستم طبیعی است که وظیفه جمع آوری و انتقال آب و رسوب در رودخانه ها ، نهرها و دیگر آبراه ها را بر عهده دارد. میزان مایع جاری شده بستگی به بارندگی های رخ داده ، ظرفیت جذب ، نفوذ و اشباع خاک ، شکل زمین (مسطح ، شیب دار و ...) ، تعرق گیاهان ، تبخیر و عوامل دیگر دارد. دیگه چی، استفاده بیش از حد از آب سطحی توسط انسان باعث کاهش میزان آب حوضه می شود.
انواع حوزه های آبخیز
حوضه های هیدروگرافی با توجه به ریخت شناسی و محل یافتن آن انواع مختلفی دارد. بیایید ببینیم کدامیک اصلی هستند:
- حوضه رودخانهبه آنها مناطقی هستند که توسط رودخانه ها و سرشاخه های آنها تخلیه می شود ، مانند مثال ذکر شده در بالا. با این حال ، انواع دیگری از حوضه های آبریز وجود دارد
- حوضه ساختاریبه آنها با جابجایی صفحات تکتونیکی شکل می گیرند. آنها بیشتر در مناطق خشک شایع هستند.
- حوضه داخلی. آب آن به دریا یا اقیانوس نمی رود ، اما تمایل به تبخیر یا نشت به زمین دارد. این حوضه های سازه ای دارای سیستم های زهکشی داخلی هستند.
- حوضه دریاچهبه حوضه های زمین ساختی موجود در دره ها توسط آوار ، سنگ یا سایر موادی که مانع از انتشار آب می شوند مسدود شده و بنابراین در آوار باقی مانده و دریاچه ها را تشکیل می دهند.
- حوضه رسوبیبه آنها حوضه های هیدرولوژیکی ساختاری با فرورفتگی های باریک هستند که از لایه هایی از سنگ و مواد آلی تشکیل شده است.
- حوضه اقیانوس آنها مربوط به رکودهای بزرگی هستند که اقیانوس های جهان بر روی آنها واقع شده است ، بنابراین در هر اقیانوس یک حوضه وجود دارد
آلودگی و اهمیت
آلودگی و شهرنشینی از جمله تهدیدهای جدی هستند که حوزه های آبخیز جهان را تهدید می کنند. حوضه های آبریز نقش اساسی در حفظ اکولوژی و زندگی موجودات زنده از جمله انسان دارند. آب یکی از مهمترین منابع طبیعی در جهان است و برای مصرف همه مردم ضروری است.
آلودگی ، شهرنشینی و بهره برداری بیش از حد از منابع (گونه های جانوری و گیاهی آبها ، مواد معدنی و غیره) آبهای آن تهدیدهای جدی هستند که ماندگاری آنها را بر روی زمین به خطر می اندازد. بسیاری از دولتها گروه های مدیریت آبخیزداری ایجاد کرده اند ، اما حقیقت این است که هرکسی که بخواهد از آب مراقبت کند به حفاظت از حوضه نیز کمک می کند.
حوزه های آبخیز برای توسعه اکوسیستم ها و فعالیت های انسانی مهم هستند. اهمیت حوضچه چیست؟ ما چند نمونه را به شما نشان می دهیم:
- اول، تنظیم جریان آب، بنابراین وجود آن خطر بلایای طبیعی مانند سیل یا رانش زمین را کاهش می دهد.
- علاوه بر این، کیفیت آب را تنظیم می کند و منبع آب شیرین است، غذا برای همه تنوع زیستی که در زمین زندگی می کنند.
- از آنجا که جریان آب در حوضه بسیار سریع است ، ما می توانیم برای انجام فعالیت های خود انرژی برق آبی دریافت کنیم.
- در نهایت، ما نمی توانیم زیبایی حوضه رودخانه را ذکر نکنیم، که اغلب بخشی از فعالیتهای اوقات فراغت ما است.
شکل گیری و ساختار حوضه های هیدروگرافی
در چرخه آب ، آب باران در مجاری کوچکی جمع می شود که با ایجاد شیب هایی حوضه های هیدرولوژیکی را تشکیل می دهند و بسیاری از کانال های کوتاه مدت را باز می کند. بخشی از آب باران تبخیر یا نفوذ می کند و قسمت دیگر در شیب گردش می کند. وقتی حوضه به اندازه کافی بزرگ باشد ، جریان سطحی و جریان زیرزمینی می توانند جریان دائمی آب ایجاد کرده و یک حوضه هیدرولوژیکی کامل را تشکیل دهند.
حوضه های آبخیز به چند قسمت تقسیم می شوند. بیایید ببینیم آنها چیست:
- حوضه بلند: ناحیه ای است که منبع رودخانه اصلی در مناطق دامنه دار و کوهستانی واقع شده است.
- حوض میانی: این منطقه منطبق با دره رودخانه است ، به طور کلی در آن زیگزاگ می شود.
- حوضه پایین: این منطقه کم ارتفاع است که در آن رودخانه ها سرعت ، قدرت و رسوب خود را از دست می دهند و تمام مواد جمع آوری شده را تشکیل می دهند و جلگه ها را تشکیل می دهند.
امیدوارم با این اطلاعات بتوانید در مورد آبخیز ، ویژگی ها و اهمیت آن بیشتر بدانید.Bilgisayarlı Tomografi
Bilgisayarlı tomografi modern görüntüleme yörtemlerinin en önemlilerinden birisidlr. X ışınları kullanılarak kesit görüntüleme yapılması esasına dayanır. Obje çevresinde dönen röntgen tüpünden çıkan ışınlar farklı dokularda farklı derecelerde soğurulur ve bu soğurulma dedektörler aracılığıyla tespit edilir. Elde edilen bilgiler yüksek kapasiteli bilgisayarlarla işlenerek görüntüye dönüştürülür. Dokunun özelliğine göre 1, 2, 5, 10 mm kalınlığında kesitler alınır. Bazı patolojilerin aydınlatılması için damar yoluyla veya oral yolla radyokontrast maddeler verilebilir.چراغ سبز الکویت به نکونام برای حضور در اردوی تیم ملی ایران
جمعه، ۲۳ اسفند ۱۳۹۲، ساعت ۱۲:۰۸ — تسنیم
جواد نکونام موافقت مسئولان باشگاه الکویت را برای حضور در اردوی تیم ملی فوتبال کسب کرد.
جواد نکونام در جلسه با مسئولان باشگاه الکویت ضمن تشریح وضعیت اردوهای تیم ملی فوتبال نظر مثبت آنها را برای حضور در این اردوها جلب کرده است.
با چراغ سبز مسئولان باشگاه الکویت در صورت لغو نشدن اردوی آفریقای جنوبی، جواد نکونام در این اردو حضور خواهد داشت.Archaeologists claim they have uncovered structures in the north of the country that could be as old as 3000BC.
Experts say the discoveries – found near the village of Słonowice – are triangular megalithic tombs varying in sizes made using huge stone blocks.
The incredible find comes after another valley of pyramids was discovered by Dr Sam Osmanagich in Bosnia, as reported by Daily Star Online.
Explorers have unearthed seven Polish pyramids so far - the highest being five metres – after using laser scanning technology.
The tombs’ inner chambers were constructed using wooden logs instead of stones and were hidden under earth in a forested area.
The tombs were built by the Funnel Beaker Culture community from the fifth to third millennium BC and those buried within them were elders of the tribe, according to arcghaelolosts.
“The wooden-earthen pyramid complex on which we’re working is the largest of its kind in Europe”Dr Krzysztof Tunia
Dr Krzysztof Tunia, from the Institute of Archeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, said: “The wooden-earthen pyramid complex on which we’re working is the largest of its kind in Europe.
“Where stones were scarce, as they were in the soil of Kazimierza Wielka region, chambers were constructed from wood.”
The structures – like the pyramids in Egypt – are heavily influenced by astronomy and are placed along the east-west line, with the entrance to the tomb’s chamber always on the east side.
The sites are visibly similar to prehistoric Stonehenge, which was built around the same period.
Polish pyramids have since been discovered in Dolic, where there are potential a dozen megalithic tombs, Kujawy and in the Skronie forest near Kołobrzeg.
Talking to Daily Star Online, Dr Osmanagich said the structures he found in Bosnia proves everything we’ve been told about ancient history is wrong.
He claims the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun stands are more than 220 metres – 73 metres taller than the Great Pyramid of Egypt.
And he says the structures are around 34,000 years old – making them the oldest on the planet.
DR SAM OSMANAGICH
Dr Osmanagich said: "Almost everything they teach us about ancient history is wrong: origin of man, civilizations and pyramids.
"Our development is not linear but cyclical.
"Civilizations reach their peaks and global catastrophes wipe them out from the face of the planet. New beginning follows.
"We live only in the last civilisational cycle.”Se ti piace la ricetta, tagga @bontasanapasta nelle tue storie.
Ingredients · Serves 4
- 250 grams (one box) of Bontasana White Corn Pennette Rigate
- 4 pomodori San Marzano
- 160 g purea di zucca Delica
- 4 foglie cavolo nero
- 1 peperoncino (piccolo)
- 1 spicchio aglio
- olio extravergine di oliva q. b.
- sale q. b.
Lavate i pomodori, incidete la buccia e scottateli in acqua bollente per 30 secondi. Dopodiché trasferiteli un una ciotola con acqua e ghiaccio, pelateli e tagliateli a pezzetti grossolanamente o schiacciateli con una forchetta.
Eliminate i semi dal peperoncino e tagliatelo a pezzetti piccoli.
In una casseruola scaldate 3 cucchiai di olio e unite l’aglio sbucciato e il peperoncino. Lasciate soffriggere, salate e aggiungete i pomodori.
Mescolate, coprite con un coperchio e lasciate cuocere per circa 10-12 minuti, mescolando di tanto in tanto. Pulite il cavolo toscano, tagliatelo a listarelle e unitelo al sugo. A cottura quasi ultimata, unite la purea di zucca. Mescolate bene per insaporire.
Nel frattempo, cuocete le penne di mais bianco in abbondante acqua bollente.
Scolate le penne al dente e unitele al sugo. Saltate per un istante e aggiungete dell'acqua di cottura se necessario. Spegnete la fiamma e mantecate con un filo d’olio. Togliete l’aglio e servite le penne di mais bianco ben calde.
Purea di zucca
Rimovete i semi dalla zucca Delica e tagliatela a tocchetti. Rivestite una teglia con carta forno, distribuite la zucca senza che i pezzetti si sormontino. Ricoprite con altra carta forno e rivestite con carta stagnola alimentare per richiudere. Cuocete in forno pre riscaldato a 200°C per 30-40 minuti circa o fino a quando la zucca risulterà tenera.
Toglete dal forno, lasciate intiepidire e rimuovete la buccia. Frullate la zucca e usatela come richiesto dalla ricetta. Conservate la zucca cotta avanzata in frigorifero o usatela per preparare altre ricette, dolci o salate.
Recipe by Francesca Bettoni
Beauty Food BlogHow Cold Can It Go?
Here we are in global warming but there are still places that can be outright cold. Antarctica, of course, comes to mind as well as Siberia. The lowest recorded air temperature on Earth was a measurement of −89.2C (-128.6 F) made at Vostok station, Antarctica, at 0245 UT (Universal Time or Greenwich Mean Time) on 21 July 1983. What could have caused it? What sort of freak weather pattern made it so frigid?
Antarctica is uninhabited except for a few hardy scientists. In the more human populated sections of the world such as Siberia, there are a few cold spots such as Verkhoyansk that once hit -72 C (-97.6 F)with an average January temperature of -49 C (-56 F). Back in the US lower 48 states the cold champion is International Falls, Minnesota, where the average winter temperature is a balmy 36 F.
Vostok Research Station is located about 800 miles from the Geographic South Pole, at the center of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
The station is over 11,000 feet above sea level and is the most isolated established research station on the Antarctic continent. The station typically contains 25 scientists and engineers in the summer. In winter, their number drops to 13.
A team of British and Russian scientists have presented the first detailed analysis of this super cold event using meteorological reanalysis fields, in situ observations and satellite imagery. Surface temperatures at Vostok station in winter are highly variable as a result the effects of the Southern Ocean.
The record low temperature happened following a cooling of over 30 C over a 10 day period from approximately average July (which is winter in Antarctica) temperatures. The event occurred because of five specific weather conditions:
(1) A cold front of air at a near record low temperature was present.
(2) The cold front stalled and did not move from the vicinity of the station.
(3) An almost circular flow regime persisted around the station for over a week resulting in very little warmer air intrusion.
(4) Little wind was evident.
(5) There were no clouds or diamond dust (tiny particles of ice suspended in the air)above the station for a week, promoting the loss of surface heat.
The team further estimated that temperatures might drop as low as -96 C if the cold front had stalled longer. A nearby slightly higher elevation (Dome Argus) is normally a bit cooler than Vostok and might break even the Vostok record under the right weather conditions.
For further information: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/9656/[Crystal]crystal与osilator晶体区别与使用
问题描述：MCU, MPU，CPU的使用都离不开晶振的问题，因为PLL要用到，晶振相当于MCU的心跳吧。之前也遇到过不同的晶振的使用情况，MCU最小系统一般都会要求外接一个晶振，不把晶振直接做到IC内部，应当是晶振占用的空间大而且干扰强的因素吧。不过Silicon Lab公司的C8051Fxxx的芯片是将晶振做在了内部的，因此都不需要外接晶振，设计好电源管理电路后最小系统就能跑起来了。
一些情况：晶振其实有许多的种类，以前的8位MCU如STC89C51一般用一个1
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it was Bismarck who brought him into the Prussian diplomatic service in 1860. After Bismarck’s departure Holstein found himself at first more influential that the foreign minister but gradually he became more and more at odds with the impulsive policies of the emperor and finally was dismissed in 1906.
May 8, 1913
Death of Bl. Ulrika Franziska Nisch (1882-1913) Ulrika Franziska Nisch was born in 1882 in the village of Mittelbiberach-Oberndorf in the state of Württemberg, Germany. She was admitted to the Sisters of the Cross order in 1904. She worked in the kitchen of the order. She reported numerous visions of angels and saints. She was beatified in 1987 by Pope John-Paul II.
May 8, 1933
Death of Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt (1853-1933) in Mainz, Germany. Goldschmidt was a mineralogist specializing in crystallography. He indexed and cataloged all known crystals and established tables of crystal angles. From the number series in crystal symbols he developed a theory of number and harmony which subsequently was applied in several fields of study.
May 8, 1945
Victory in Europe Day—known as V-E Day or VE Day—was the public holiday celebrated on May 8, 1945 (in Commonwealth countries, May 7, 1945) to mark the date when the World War II Allies formally accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler’s Third Reich, thus ending the war in Europe. The formal surrender of the occupying German forces in the Channel Islands was not until May 9, 1945. On April 30 Hitler committed suicide during the Battle of Berlin, and so the surrender of Germany was authorized by his successor, President of Germany Karl Dönitz. The administration headed by Dönitz was known as the Flensburg government. The act of military surrender was signed on May 7 in Reims, France, and on May 8 in Berlin, Germany.
May 8, 1949
Work is completed on the new German “Basic Law”. That body of law, with amendments, remains the German constitution.
May 8, 1991
Death of Rudolf Serkin in Guilford, VT (born in Eger, Austria-Hungary (now in the Czech Republic)). Serkin was a pianist who gave his first performance with the Vienna Symphony Orchestra at age 12. After developing a reputation in Europe, he moved to the United States in 1939 and taught and performed successfully as an American. He was one of the founders of the Marlboro Festival in Vermont. His son, Peter, followed him as a concert pianist.
May 8, 1996
The first Goethe Institute in Eastern Germany is opened in Weimar.
May 8, 1997
German President, Roman Herzog, receives the Karlspreiz (Charlemagne prize) in Aachen, Germany.
Back to Today in German History Calendarمصطفی کیایی خود هفته گذشته به دلیل ابتلا به این بیماری در بیمارستان بستری بود.
به گزارش وقت صبح به نقل از صبا، مصطفی کیایی خبر داد که برادرش محسن کیایی نیز به ویروس کرونا مبتلا شده است.
وی درباره آخرین وضعیت جسمی محسن کیایی توضیح داد: من طی چند روز اخیر از بیمارستان مرخص شدم اما متاسفانه ریه محسن درگیر این ویروس شده است.
حال عمومی محسن خوب است اما باید تحت نظر پزشک و تحت کنترل باشد.
در حال حاضر در بیمارستان نیکان و تحت نظارت تیم پزشکی در حال دریافت داروهای مربوط به کروناست.توسط پژوهشگران دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر محقق شد؛
بهبود فرایند ازدیاد برداشت نفت با فناوری نانو
به گزارش اداره کل روابط عمومی وزارت علوم به نقل از دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، گلشید هسراک، مجری طرح «کاربرد شبیه سازی مولکولی در بررسی جداسازی ترکیبات آلی با طراحی مواد جاذب مناسب» گفت: در این پروژه، فرایند ازدیاد برداشت و حذف آسفالتن با سیلاب زنی دی اکسید کربن و با استفاده از نانو ذرات اکسید فلزی به وسیله روش شبیه سازی دینامیک مولکولی بررسی شد.
وی با تاکید بر اینکه ایران کشور نفت خیزی است، اما برای برداشت سوخت های فسیلی از روش های قدیمی استفاده می شود، اظهار داشت: عمر بیشتر مخازن نفتی به مرحله ازدیاد برداشت رسیده است و این خطری است که منابع نفتی ما را تهدید می کند.
مجری طرح با بیان اینکه از این روبه فکر ارائه روش هایی برای بهبود فرآیند ازدیاد برداشت نفت برآمدیم، ادامه داد: از آنجایی که قدرت های بزرگ اقتصادی جهان بر سر به دست آوردن نفت بیشتر در حال مبارزه هستند و با توجه به اینکه ایران سرشار از منابع نفت است (مخازن کربناته با نفت سنگین) بنابراین این روش فرصت خوبی است تا میزان برداشت نفت به مقدار قابل توجهی افزایش پیدا کند.
وی تاکید داشت: این از نظر اقتصادی با توجه به قیمت نفت تاثیر قابل توجهی دارد؛ علاوه بر اینکه خود روش نیز از نظر اقتصادی به صرفه تر است.
هسراک با بیان روش کار خود در این پروژه گفت: در این پژوهش از روش شبیه سازی دینامیک مولکولی استفاده شده است که پدیده ها را از دید مولکولی مورد بررسی قرار می دهد.
به گفته این محقق دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، در روش های آزمایشگاهی به تاثیر کمی مواد پرداخته می شود ولی علت این تاثیر مشخص نیست؛ این در حالی است که با استفاده از روش شبیه سازی دینامیک مولکولی علاوه بر پیشبینی نتایج، به علت آن هم پی برده میشود.
وی با بیان اینکه سیلیکا به عنوان فراوانترین عنصر پوسته زمین است، گفت: مواد نفتی هم جزو مواد آلی محسوب می شود بنابراین با بررسی مکانیزم جذب با دیدگاه مولکولی، امکان بررسی مکانیزم جداسازی نیز وجود دارد.
مجری طرح ادامه داد: در این پروژه از دو نانو ذره اکسید تیتانیوم و اکسید مس استفاده شد و سپس آسفالتن حذف شد؛ نتایج نشان از این می دهد که فرایند ازدیاد برداشت با استفاده از نانو ذره اکسید تیتانیوم تا ۵ برابر و با نانو ذره اکسید مس تا ۴ برابر بهبود داشته است.
هسراک تصریح کرد: همچنین مقدار حذف آسفالتن با استفاده از نانو ذره اکسید تیتانیوم به مقدار ۲.۴( دو و چهار دهم) برابر و با نانو ذره اکسید مس به مقدار ۱.۷( یک و هفت دهم) برابر افزایش داشته است.
وی افزود: یکی از مشکلات در جریان فرایند ازدیاد برداشت تولید آسفالتن و مسدود شدن چاه و کاهش بازده برداشت است که با افزودن نانو ذرات نه تنها بازده برداشت افزایش یافته بلکه مشکل حذف آسفالتن نیز رفع شده است.
به گفته این محقق، روش شبیه سازی دینامیک مولکولی تکنولوژی جدیدی است که خیلی در کشور ما رواج نیافته و امکانات موجود برای استفاده از آن کم است.
وی با تاکید بر اینکه این روش در صنایع نفت، پتروشیمی و پالایشگاه قابل استفاده است، گفت: همچنین پدیده حذف آسفالتن با استفاده از روش « Depropanization » در پالایشگاه انجام میگیرد که هزینه زیادی دارد که با این روش این هزینه کاهش مییابد.
هسراک گفت: در این طرح از دی اکسید کربن در این فرایند استفاده میشود که جمعآوری و مصرف آن کمک زیادی به کاهش گازهای گلخانهای و آلودگی محیط زیست میکند؛ همچنین میزان نفت به دست آمده بیشتر میشود که از نظر اقتصادی بسیار اهمیت دارد
به گفته این محصص، سیستم در مقیاس مولکولی بررسی می شود. یعنی امکان پیش بینی نتایج تجربی برای شرایط و مواد مختلف وجود دارد.
وی با اشاره به کشورهایی که از این روش (روش سیلابزنی دی اکسید کربن) بهره مند میشوند، گفت: در ایران از این روش اصلاً استفاده نمیشود اما کشورهای نروژ و کانادا در این فرایند پیشرو بودهاند. البته امروزه در دیگر کشورها هم مانند کویت، ژاپن و چین به صورت گسترده از آن استفاده میشود.
ل. م ۵۴/ ع. ع ۵۷July 2020
东京青梅地区丰富的自然环境孕育的日本酒
位于东京郊外自然资源丰富的青梅市的老字号酒窖，一直致力于用清澈的水制造日本酒以及保护孕育水的森林资源。
青梅市位于东京都的西北部，由东京中心地区新宿乘电车约1小时车程，市的6成以上的面积被森林覆盖，拥有丰富的自然资源。流经该市的河流多摩川东西走向，沿途有很多可以享受观光和休闲的地方。其中之一，秩父多摩甲斐国立公园（参照Highlighting JAPAN 2018年4月号）的一角有御岳溪谷，清澈的河流，河流侵蚀的大小不同的岩石，夏天绿意盎然，秋天红叶满山等，一年到头都呈现出非常美丽的景观。
御岳溪谷岸边坐落着制造日本酒的是小泽酒造（厂）。小泽酒造创立于1702年，现在在东京都内的九个酒窖中位于最西端的有长达300多年的历史。小泽酒造的“泽乃井”品牌在国内外的日本酒大赛中获得许多奖项，闻名遐迩。
“这个地区有很多纯净的水，适合造酒。我们日本酒的最大特点是以中硬水和软水这两种水为原料”，2019年成为第23代当家的小泽干夫说。
中硬水是从在酒窑背面岩石地盘通过手工挖掘约140米的横井中，软水则从多摩川对岸的井里汲取。使用富含矿物质的硬水制成的日本酒具有浓郁的味道，而使用矿物质少的软水制成的日本酒则有着清淡的口感。这两种水根据酒的品种分开使用，可以制造出各种味道的日本酒。
小泽酒造在多摩川沿岸开餐厅以及可以品尝各种日本酒的特产店等设施，配合日本酒，提供使用当地食材制作的食物。 “腌芥末”就是一种食物。在干净的水和凉爽的气候中生长的山葵，从江户时代开始就成为了这个地区的特产。腌芥末用在酿造日本酒的过程中榨取的酒糟制作做成。在餐厅一边观览清澈的河流，一边品尝日本酒和清爽辣味口感的腌芥末别有一番情趣。
小泽酒造在小泽的祖父那一代，利用丰富的森林资源经营着林业。即使是现在，也在对酒厂周边拥有的广阔森林进行管理，说这是为了造酒。森林里的雨水渗入地下被净化，变成了地下水，之后就变成了造酒用的泉水。森林如果荒废对日本酒的原料水也产生了莫大的影响，因此不懈的管理不可或缺。
小泽表示，“从海外来到这里的人，会被‘东京也有如此自然丰富的地方’所感动。持续保护这丰富的自然也是酒厂应该肩负的责任。”
造酒和保护广袤的森林长达300余年，在被不断传承。والیبال ایران در انتظار ورود آلکنو و معروف
اهالی والیبال بی صبرانه منتظر ورود سرمربی روس و کاپیتان باتجربه تیم ملی به اردو هستند....
به گزارش مدال و به نقل از ورزش سه، با اینکه از حدود دو هفته قبل اردوی ملی پوشان والیبال ایران در محل فدراسیون آغاز شده و بازیکنان به صورت قرنطینه و با رعایت پروتکل های بهداشتی تمرینات خود را سپری می کنند، هنوز سرمربی روس وارد تهران نشده است.
ولادیمیر آلکنو که قرار بود خیلی زودتر از این ها به تهران بیاید، روز جمعه با لغو شدن پرواز خود از روسیه به تهران مواجه شد و حالا با برنامه ریزی فدراسیون قرار است فردا خودش را به ایران برساند. البته چند روزی است که توتولو، دستیار ایتالیایی آلکنو به تهران رسیده و تمرینات ملی پوشان را زیر نظر دارد.
جدا از آلکنو که هنوز از زمان در اختیار گرفتن سکان هدایت تیم ملی در تهران دیده نشده، سعید معروف نیز با وجود بازگشت به ایران از چند هفته قبل، هنوز وارد اردوی تیم ملی نشده است.
به نظر می رسد بعد از ورود آلکنو، سعید معروف نیز خودش را به اردو برساند تا تمرینات به شکلی کاملا متفاوت و البته جدی تر برای حضور در لیگ ملت ها و در نهایت المپیک توکیو پیگیری شود.One of my most cherished memories as a gardener is from the 1960s, when I first set eyes on a green Primula auricula – common name mountain cowslip, and a close relative to primroses.
This happened to be at an auricula show, though it was more of an informal garden visit with the horticultural college where I was attending evening classes. An elderly lady, who owned a humble garden, nevertheless had an unbelievable collection of alpine plants in her small greenhouse.
These eye-grabbing green flowers, complete with a perfect circle of farina on each blossom, were potted and arranged just wonderfully. (Farina is a term for a powdery white substance healthy primulas produce on their leaves and flowers, which can sometimes be mistaken for a fungal disease.)
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Before then, I had no idea that green flowers existed. And that very moment was the start of a love affair with these interesting plants that still continues today!
Besides primulas, there are many other cultivars and specimens out there. The more different varieties that I found out about, the deeper my love and appreciation for them grew.
Now, I get to share them with you and tell you all about them, all within this wonderful article – not just to sing their praises in terms of how much I appreciate their beauty, but also to share some tips on care, maintenance, and even a little history.
Ever seen or heard of green flowers? If you haven’t, you’ll soon learn a lot about them. So read on – let’s get started!
Primroses: First is Prime
Primroses come in a variety of types, ranging from hardy outdoor varieties that survive most anything, all the way to fragile show types limited to pots for protection from the weather.
Primulas, the flower I first mentioned at the beginning of this article, are just one genus of the enormous primrose family, which is well-known for some lovely trademark green flowers!
This genus includes more specific species like P. vulgaris, auricula, and many others.
The plant family name Primulaceae comes from the Latin for “first,” and there are about 70 genera and 2,500 species. Primulas and primroses are thus named because they flower so early in the year.
Primroses are truly the epitome of spring. Depending on your location, they can flower as early as February and onward.
Since there are nearly countless varieties of garden primulas, you can bet that they’re readily available in garden centers and nurseries – and some are famous for their green blooms.
One of my favorite green kinds of P. vulgaris is excellent for continuous flowering: Primula ‘Green Ruffles,’ which prefers a light or dappled shade.
Most primulas like to be in moist but well drained soil, but Green Ruffles has flowered brilliantly for me completely unsheltered, and with very little soil maintenance!
Another green primrose variety, called P. ‘Viridis’ or the green-flowered primrose, is quite a rare treasure.
It is known to be difficult to cultivate, but there are countless beautiful versions of this primrose – not just in green, but in many other colors, like the purple P. ‘Wanda’ for example.
We can probably agree that this genus is wonderful, whatever the color!
Want to grow your own green primrose blossoms? You can either seed them yourself, or get new plants from divisions.
The seed is best sown in September, and should not be covered with compost or soil, as these need a lot of light to germinate.
Likewise, if you are dividing existing plants or putting new purchases in the ground, September is the best time. This allows them to get established before the worst parts of winter arrive, and readies them to show their faces again in the spring.
Over the years, people have tinkered with primroses to produce an amazing range – but none has caused more enthusiasm and devotion than the auricula!
The Rise of Show Types
While we have touched on primulas (like P. vulgaris), there is one type that deserves a category all its own: auriculas, of the species P. auricula.
And yes – some of these have brilliant green petals when they flower!
While P. vulgaris consists of today’s breeds originating from a wildflower ancestor, auriculas are like their alpine cousins, derived from a much hardier version of the common primrose that once grew in mountainous regions.
Their leaves are smooth and thick, often covered with a white powder (called a farina) to protect them from the intense light found at high altitudes.
These flowers were admired and taken up by eighteenth and nineteenth century florists, who developed the versions that are displayed today for competition – and which once were cultivated primarily for royal gardens!
Auriculas are split into two different categories based on hardiness: garden auriculas, and show versions.
The garden types can be planted outdoors and tolerate a year-round cycle like most perennials, while show types must be grown in pots, for indoor protection from the weather.
Some garden types include:
Some show varieties:
What helps to distinguish show varieties from garden types? The former tend to have that distinct circle of white, fuzzy farina at the center of each flower. You won’t see that so much among garden varieties.
The Story of Barnhaven
I know I am digressing from the green flower theme just a bit, but I must pause here to tell you the story of Barnhaven.
This tale originates in Oregon, with a lady called Florence Bellis. An out of work piano teacher, she was forced to move at the time of the Great Depression to a dilapidated barn that belonged to a friend. And she fell in love with the place.
It was her haven – hence the name – and after arriving she spent her last five dollars on a packet of primrose seed. These particular seeds were selected from strains bred by Gertrude Jekyll who grew them in her garden in Surrey in the late 1800s. Several garden companies began offering her
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受美元走强和中国经济放对全球石油需要状况产生了不幸影响。布伦特原油价格在八个月的时间里跌往一半以上。
在下面的图外中，纽约追踪了布伦特原油每一段时间的价格下跌，以及近来一段时间的价格下跌:
纽约联储对分别驱动因素与石油价格转折的有关性进走比较，以衡量需乞降供答因素在历史油价下跌中的分别主要性。
最后晓畅地望到，以前3个月的油价走势与2008-09年的抛售期最为相通。
纽约联储的钻研发现，石油供答增补的预期是上述几次油价暴跌的共同因素。相逆，在分别时期，全球需要预期的作用是分别的。
这次的分别之处在于，需乞降供答前景的冲击是同时发生的。在以前四次下跌中，只有2008-09年期间同样是这栽情况。
在2008-09年，油价下跌最初是由欧佩克挑高产量带来的石油供答预期扩大引发的，随后原由全球金融状况凶化，原油需要前景凶化。这期间，需乞降供给共同冲击导致油价在一年内不息走矮（下跌了约60%）。
而相比较其他几个由供答驱动的下跌时期，油价清淡会在一年的时间窗口内恢复。
这也意味着，此次油价的暴跌难以在一年内就恢复。
高盛大宗商品钻研主管杰弗里-库里（Jeffrey Currie）周四外示，展望要到2021岁暮，WTI原油价格才能回升至每桶60美元，布伦特原油价格才能达到65美元。
，SEYİR KIRMIZI ET TARİFLERİ - sebze günlerinde
Malzemeler:4-5 dilim çemeni ayıklanmış yağsız pastırma (çemensiz olarak da satılıyor)
1 orta boy domates
2 ince dilim light kaşar
1 yumurta (beyazı ve sarısı ayrılacak)
Tuz
Karabiber
Kekik
Yapılışı:Fırınınızı 180 derecede ısıtın
Domatesin çekirdeklerini ve suyunu ayıklayın ve kalan kısmı küçük küçük doğrayın.
Yağlayıp peçete ile sildiğiniz bir tavada domatesi 2-3 dakika tuz ve karabiber ile kavurun.
Genişçe bir muffin kabına yada sufle kabına tabanda ve yanlarda boşluk kalmayacak şekilde pastırmayı dizin (üstlere doğru elbette boşluk kalabilir)
Pastırmayı fırına atın 2 dakika pişirin, çıkarın
Pastırmanın üzerine 1 dilim kaşarı yerleştirin, üzerine de domates sosunun yarısını ekleyin ve yumurtanın akını koyup fırına atın, 4 dakika kadar pişirin, çıkarın
Yumurta akının üzerine tekrar kaşar döşeyin ve yumurta sarısını dağıtmadan ortasına ekleyin. Etrafına kalan domates sosunu yayın.
Tuz, karabiber ve kekik serpip tekrar fırına atın. 5-6 dakika pişirin, çıkarın.
Bir kaşık yardımı ile çıkarıp tabağınıza alın, afiyet olsun... :)Chloé Zhao ، کارگردان درام مورد تحسین منتقدان عشایر، فقط تاریخ را ثبت کرد: او دومین زن و اولین زن رنگین پوست است که بهترین کارگردانی اسکار را از آن خود کرده است. کوچ نشین ، که فرانسیس مک دورمند را به عنوان یک کارگر دوره گرد بی قرار که در خارج از وانت خود زندگی می کند بازی می کند ، امشب نیز برای چهار جایزه دیگر در نظر گرفته شده است. ژائو اولین زن رنگی است که در این رده نامزد شده است.
پذیرش جایزه از بون جونگ هو ، کارگردان سال گذشته انگل، ژائو از همکاران معرفی شده خود و شرکت تشکر کرد عشایر. او با اشتیاق آرام درباره بازی ای که با پدرش بازی می کرد صحبت کرد ، در چین بزرگ شد ، جایی که آنها شعرهای کلاسیک را حفظ می کردند و آنها را برای یکدیگر نقل قول می کردند ، و سعی می کردند جملات یکدیگر را تمام کنند. به گفته وی ، یکی از موارد مورد علاقه وی مربوط به اثری به نام سه شخصیت کلاسیک است.
اولین عبارت می گوید: “افراد در بدو تولد ذاتاً خوب هستند.” وی ادامه داد ، “و این شش نامه در کودکی چنان تأثیر زیادی بر من گذاشتند ، و من امروز نیز واقعا آنها را باور دارم. حتی اگر گاهی اوقات ممکن است به نظر برسد که عکس این قضیه صادق است ، من همیشه در افرادی که در هر جای دنیا ملاقات می کردم ، نیکی پیدا کرده ام. بنابراین این برای هر کسی که ایمان و شهامت داشته باشد نیکی را در خود نگه دارد و نیکی را در یکدیگر حفظ کند ، مهم نیست که انجام این کار برای شما دشوار باشد. “
تاریخچه زنان کارگردان و جوایز اسکار به طرز حیرت انگیزی مختصر است. کمتر از ده زن تاکنون نامزد بهترین کارگردانی شده اند. قبل از یکشنبه شب ، تنها زن برنده کاترین بیگلو بود که برای این مسابقه برنده شد قفسه درد در سال 2008. نامزدهای همزمان فنل و ژائو اولین بار در تاریخ اسکار بود که دو زن در همان سال برای بهترین کارگردانی مطرح شدند.
عشایر، بر اساس کتاب غیر داستانی جسیکا برودر 2017 Nomadland: Surviving America in the 20th Century، سومین فیلم بلند ژائو است. این پیروزی بسیار مورد علاقه بود – در طول جوایز 2021 ، ژائو جشن گرفته می شود ، بهترین فیلم و بهترین کارگردانی BAFTA و بهترین درام و بهترین کارگردانی در گلدن گلوب را از آن خود می کند. عشایر، که در آن افراد واقعی زندگی می کنند که در کنار بازیگران به عنوان عشایر زندگی می کنند ، می تواند در Hulu پخش شود.
ژائو احتمالاً فقط در آغاز کارگردانی تزئین شده است. پروژه بعدی او همیشگی ها، یک فیلم براق و سرشار از بودجه مارول که اولین ابرقهرمان همجنسگرای تایید شده و اولین ابرقهرمان ناشنوا در جهان مارول را به نمایش می گذارد.
وی در مصاحبه ای که درست قبل از پذیرفتن جایزه تاریخ ساز ژائو انجام شد ، وی کارگردانی را چنین توصیف کرد: “ریختن پوست کسانی که فکر می کنیم ما هستیم و راه رفتن در جای دیگران.”
تبریک می گویم ، Chloé Zhao! او اولین است ، اما آخرین نخواهد بود.
جنی سینگر نویسنده ستاد Glamour است. تو می توانی دنبالش کن در توییتر.Preventing invasive species from using your boat and trailer to travel to new habitats is easy, and it's crucial for protecting waterbodies. Here are three simple steps to stop invasive species from spreading.
- INSPECT and REMOVE all visible mud, plants, fish/animals from your boat, trailer, clothing, dogs, fishing gear or other equipment and dispose of in a suitable trash container or on dry land.
- CLEAN your boat and equipment. Rinse everything that has come in contact with the water before leaving the launch ramp. If possible use hot (140 °F) and/or high pressure water.
- If you discover any rough patches on the hull or equipment, scrub them with a stiff brush.
- Flush your motor according to owner's manual.
DRAIN all water from boat, hatches, bilge, live wells, transom wells and any other locations with water on land before leaving the launch site. Remove the drain plug before towing to allow the boat to drain completely.
DRY your boat, trailer, and all equipment completely. Drying times vary depending on the weather and humidity. At least five days is recommended before launch your boat into a different waterway, but check your local and state laws to confirm if longer drying times are necessary.
- Dispose of unwanted bait, fish parts, worms, and packing materials, in the trash; do not dump them in the water or on land.
- Never dump live fish or other organisms from one water body into another.The Brazilian government is seeking to repave the almost impassable BR-319 route between Porto Velho and Manaus. But the plan is controversial because the 900km (560 mile) road cuts right through the Amazon rainforest. BBC journalist Ben Sutherland has been travelling along the route.
4 NOVEMBER: END OF THE ROAD
As I prepared to leave Manaus after this stunning adventure through the Amazon rainforest, I considered what the BR-319 would look like were we to drive it once more in two years' time.
Communities on the route of the BR-319 are isolated and few in number
My guess is that it will be very different - a smooth ribbon of pristine bitumen. Certainly, I doubt people using it will still have to get out their cars and physically put a bridge back together just to drive across.
The debate over the repaving is really the dilemma facing the planet in microcosm.
Why, exactly, rebuild this road? The people along it are isolated, yes - but as our journey has just shown, there are hardly that many of them.
To drive growth? Well, Manaus is doing very well already - and studies suggest that if anything, the road will trigger an influx of unemployed migrants that the city is completely unprepared for, ultimately doing more harm than good to what is currently Brazil's third largest economic hub.
So why go ahead? The answer is simply that it is a popular idea.
The environmentalists themselves admit as much. Professor Fearnside of the National Institute for Amazon Studies says that one reason people in Manaus back it is because they think they will be able to drive down it straight to Copacabana beach in Rio.
They are, of course, wrong - just to fly such a distance takes around four hours - but the important thing is the public perception.
There are many fears about the impact of repaving the BR-319
To preserve the rainforest requires strong government, a willingness to take the decision not to exploit the economic potential of the land currently occupied by the trees. But to stay in power in a democracy, governments have to continue to promise growth.
Build a road that will be popular with people or risk losing power? The choice is obvious, and it is not as if trees have votes.
And this is the problem that faces the governments of the world as they prepare to meet in Copenhagen in December.
Many will undoubtedly seek tough measures to fight climate change.
However, it is something of a stand-off. Whatever is agreed can be successfully implemented only if everyone else agrees to it too.
But if a government signs up to strict guidelines and the public blames these for any subsequent downturn, what leader will be able to resist the temptation to abandon the treaty? Even if they did, what opposition party could stop themselves from promising a rethink if they got into office?
Until environmental protection ranks higher on people's priorities than their own individual economic situation, it is likely more forests will disappear, more land will be degraded - and more roads like the BR-319, with all its feared consequences, will be built.
3 NOVEMBER: OPPOSING THE ROAD
It was perhaps unsurprising that most of the people we encountered along the ruins of the BR-319 were firmly in favour of its being repaved.
Isolated as they were, they were desperate for the new economic opportunities and governmental infrastructure the new road would bring.
Professor Philip Fearnside fears major environmental damage
To get the opposite view, you have to go into the city - to a place like the National Institute of Amazon Studies in Manaus, and talk to someone like Philip Fearnside.
Professor Fearnside is one of the BR-319's staunchest critics: in his office is a picture of him drawn by a cartoonist in a Brazilian newspaper, his hand raised at a bulldozer, his luxuriant moustache bristling.
He has spent many years studying the impact of road building on the Amazon rainforest - which is, he says, that without aggressive government protection, 33% of the rainforest will be gone by 2050.
And he fears that the current government will ultimately prove anything but aggressive.
"The problem is that you have to have some sort of legal way to decide not to do things," he said.
"It's one thing for a minister to say they're not going to build side roads, but it's not yet the time to build those side roads anyway. Wait until the BR-319 is built and the people move in, and a few years later there will be a clamour from the municipal governments to have the roads.
"What is the mechanism that you're going to stop it with legally?"
In particular, he thinks a new road will open up the area west of the Purus river - there are large natural gas fields there, and the lack of a dry season makes it prime territory for planting oil palm for biodiesel.
Mario Cohn-Haft says the Amazon's wildlife will be affected
Meanwhile it would also put pressure on the BR-174, which is the road to Venezuela out of Manaus. In all, he estimates around half of the rainforest could be opened up.
This is obviously of huge concern to those who study the Amazon and the creatures that live within it - people like Mario Cohn-Haft, also of the Amazon Studies institute.
It was he who discovered the first jay ever found in the Amazon, earlier this year. He believes there could be up to 1,700 species of bird so far undescribed.
"We don't have any precedents for the repaving of a road and not having massive destruction along it over the subsequent years.
"So there's nothing but pure optimism to think that the same thing isn't going to happen along the BR-319."
The problem is made particularly acute because the BR-319 cuts right through what is known as an "area of endemism" - the only place that certain species can be found in the world.
"Destruction of the forest along that ends up eliminating a huge proportion of all the habitat available to the creatures that only occur there."
But it is not as if these concerns are not known - the cartoon on professor Fearnside's desk is testament to that.
Despite this, the road remains a popular policy for government ministers: transport minister Alberto Nascimento (see entry for 3 Nov) has staked his position on getting it built.
The irony is plain. To the frustration of the environmentalists, the paper their reports are printed on is proving to be a waste of trees.
2 NOVEMBER: MAN WITH A VISION
After spending so long meeting the people whose lives will be changed by the repaved BR-319, it was time to meet the man whose vision it is.
Alfredo Nascimento is his name. He is Brazil's transport minister, a stocky, dark-haired man with a reputation as a hard-hitter in the government.
The minister says a repaved BR-319 will not aid destruction of the rainforest
It was apt that we met him at the offices of a publishing company run by his son, because this project is his baby now.
"This will show the rest of the world that it is possible to develop and yet not destroy," he told me.
Although the repaving enjoys widespread support amongst the populations of Amazonas and Rondonia - the two states the BR-319 links - studies by environmentalists differ.
A group based in Manaus say that the best way to preserve the integrity of the rainforest is to leave the road alone.
They argue that it is sheer inaccessibility which prevents further deforestation along the route, as the landless poor who would otherwise move in and occupy it simply cannot get there.
The journey is just too difficult.
This view appears to be supported by the country's Environment Minister Carlos Minc, who was so insistent that a proper scientific study be undertaken that he forced the issue as far as Brazil's High Court.
But Mr Nascimento said that in his view, the biggest risk to this part of the forest is keeping the road in its current state.
"People will go there anyway," he said.
"But we would have strong monitoring of that area, with people that are linked to environmental agencies in Brazil, and the police."
I was curious about the sheer manpower this would take.
Having now travelled the length of the road myself, I have seen how isolated the communities are who live along it.
The BR-319 cuts its way through some of the Amazon's most remote regions
I can't imagine how difficult it must be to have any idea what is going on inside that vast canopy.
The total number of people to protect it? "200," Mr Nascimento calmly stated.
I indicated that that did not seem a very big number for a road 900km (560 miles) long.
He insisted that that figure was only for people from the environmental agencies - and did not include the police or the federal authorities.
When asked how long all this would take to set up, I was told it would be in place by 2011.
But he gave me a wry smile when asked what he thought the environment minister's response would be to the same question.
"Only the environment minister can answer that," he said, cautiously.
"But the president understands that the people of Amazonas shouldn't be punished for preserving the Amazon," he added.
1 NOVEMBER: PASSING TRADE
We drove the literal last few metres of the BR-319 this morning.
We had spent the night in the small town of Careiro, a settlement built around the ferry terminal on the southern side of the Amazon river. The BR-319 simply runs out at the water's edge.
The town's economy relies on its ferry service to Manaus
Careiro is clearly very poor. The main street is strewn with litter and stray dogs.
The only places open are a shop selling beer by the crate and a number of small fried-food kiosks. Outside one, an elderly man sits at a plastic table, watching the same music video over and over again.
"Sexy boy, I want your love," the singer endlessly repeats at him.
The song is in the Bahia style, named after the north-eastern state in which it originated and one of the most popular type of music here.
While some younger fans love it, others find its combination of up tempo beats and somewhat unchallenging lyrics exceedingly irritating.
Eventually, the kiosk owner has to close, and eases the man away from his seat.
We take our leave too, heading for the wooden hostel we
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门中使用的技能是一个很好的证明。在攻击现场的过程中，凯移动的位置不是瞬间的，需要时间。
在第四轮世界大战中，四代火影忍者使用了与飞雷合作的能力，而凯首先发动了前夕，而李锁则抛出了四代雷声，结果就是那四个几代人在凯之前触及了现场。求玉。
如果熟悉火影忍者情节的小伙伴应该留下印象，经过四代和卡卡西分析六斑玉的特征，他们制定了一个行动计划，旨在解决空间忍术的特点。在阿凯发起袭击前夕的六个地点之后，小李立即抛出了四代霍英的特殊性格，使四代霍英用飞雷神去除了斑点玉。
如果在这个阶段，雷声的速度没有Akai的八门盔甲那么快，那么四代人就不可能在Akai之前联系这六只斑点的野兽。当四代转移时，阿凯已经提前联系了玉石，小李投掷的速度不能超过阿凯八开的速度。四代转移寻找玉石的唯一原因是雷神可以省略移动所需的所有距离。因此，简单地比较固定直线距离的速度比飞雷更快。如果它不是直线那么Bamenkai更快。
在情节中，凯已经发射了8枚护甲来准备攻击这6个斑点。后来，小李抛出了四代霍英的特征。如果直线飞雷的速度不是8，那么四代就不可能提前阻挡。 Kay's试图将玉转移。如果它不是一个直线距离，它自然是八门Akai的速度。
最后，我个人认为霍英最快的直线距离技术是飞雷沉。主要优点是空间传递能力省略了中距离，但是Bamen Kai不起作用。如果不是直线距离运动，那么八门状态的麦克斯韦速度是快的，并且飞雷神需要预先使用苦味来实现不规则运动。
请原谅我没有分析这个地方。您有其他想法，欢迎留言。
文字：迷你龙。When a child is nonverbal, chances are they not only have a problem speaking, but they also have a problem processing language as it comes into their brain. It helps to develop alternate ways to communicate. Did you know you can develop a language of touch for your child, a special way to communicate that he trusts and understands?
Depending on the type, touch can communicate care, affection, acceptance, safety, love, celebration, welcome, support, encouragement, grounding in space, comfort, restraint or even fun. For example, a hand squeeze can mean wait, I’m excited for you or I’m getting ready to let go. A hug can mean hello, I’m sorry or I’m proud of you.
As you interact with your child throughout the day, add touch to your words. Above are some examples of touch. Be intentional about using them and develop a language that helps your child understand the confusing world around him. If your child is resistant to touch, try to find ways to touch her or simply lay a hand on her while she sleeps.The Traconnade aqueduct
In the neighbourhood of Venelles there is an underground aqueduct, a major vestige of Roman times. Thirty kilometres long, it goes through Jouques, Peyrolles, Meyrargues, Venelles and Aix-en-Provence.
When it was constructed, a major problem for the Roman builders was how to cross the Venelles plateau at an altitude of 355 m. They decided to build an underground passage, 8 km long, to carry the water. For many specialists, this “tunnel deserves to be counted as one of the most remarkable works of the Gauls”.
Even today, we can find a trace of the Roman aqueduct in the town with “inspection holes” in the districts of Les Cabassols, Les Quatre-Tours, etc.
Once the route of the tunnel was decided, the gallery was dug from either end. When the distance to be bored was 50 m, intermediary wells were used so that the two teams could dig in the opposite direction at the same time.
By locating these wells, we can see the route of the underground galleries.
The Logis fountain
In 1868, a new fountain was built at the fork of the old and new imperial road, at the crossroads of today’s Maurice Plantier Avenue and Grand Logis street. The water running in the fountain came from the “Grand-Puits” (Big Well) along a cast-iron pipe.
In 1896, a pool dug above La Reille street supplied the fountain with water.
From 1926, water from the Verdon canal took up the task.Nuova avventura professionale per Diego Maradona che ieri è stato presentato ufficialmente a Culiacán, in Messico, come tecnico di un club di serie B: Dorados di Sinaloa. In una conferenza stampa l'ex nazionale argentino e attaccante del Napoli ha assicurato che "sono venuto qui a lavorare, a lasciarvi il mio cuore". Ed ha aggiunto: "Con i miei collaboratori non siamo venuti né in vacanza, né a passeggio.
Siamo venuti a lavorare, a dare una mano ai giocatori, ma abbiamo bisogno che la gente stia dalla nostra parte. E sarà difficile batterci". L'obiettivo non facile di Maradona sarà quello di rivitalizzare la squadra, che attualmente naviga al penultimo posto della classifica, senza avere ancora mai vinto neppure una partita. Fiduciosi nelle doti del 'Pibe de oro', i dirigenti avrebbero stanziato, secondo indiscrezioni, uno stipendio mensile di 150.000 dollari, per un contratto che durerà undici mesi.نشریه بیزینس اینسیدر در مطلبی، پیام بیل گیتس در وبلاگ خود را منتشر کرده است که نکات جالب توجهی را از دغدغه یک شخصیت بزرگ در مورد آینده بشری در بر دارد.
بیل گیتس یکی از شناخته ترین افرادی است که معتقدند بشر در مورد برخی از مشکلات اساسی خود پیشرفت زیادی داشته است. اما تا به امروز هیچ گاه در مورد وضعیتی که می تواند منجر به وخیم شدن اوضاع فقر، بیماری و خشونت شود، سخن نگفته بود؛ وضعیتی به نام «تغییرات آب و هوایی».
بیل گیتس در آخرین نوشته خود در وبلاگ شخصی اش، به بیان ایده ها و دیدگاه های خود در خصوص ابتکارات و اختراعاتی پرداخته که بشر به واسطه آنها می تواند ضمن فرار کردن از بدترین سناریوی ممکن در تغییرات آب و هوایی، موجبات خارج کردن انسان ها از فقر، رشد و تولید بهینه غذا و خوراک و نجات جان انسان ها با کاهش آلودگی را نیز فراهم آورد.
ایجاد انگیزه برای ابداع و اختراع
جهان سالیانه میلیون ها دلار را صرف انجام امور تحقیقاتی و پژوهش در مورد انرژی های پاک می کند، که البته شخص بیل گیتس نیز سهم خود را در این موضوع ادا کرده و می کند؛ اما با این شرایط، هنوز حتی به نقطه ای که ما را از یک تغییر نابود کننده آب و هوایی نجات دهد، نزدیک هم نشده ایم. گیتس بر این باور است که دولت ها و همچنین دولت آمریکا، باید با ایجاد انگیزه در این مسیر، بودجه های زیادی را صرف پژوهش و تحقیقات کند.
وی گفته: نیاز به صدها شرکت داریم که روی هزاران ایده کار و فعالیت کنند، نظیر پروژه انرژی شیمیایی از خورشید – استفاده از انرژی خورشید برای تولید هیدروکربن. اگر بودجه های دولتی مسیر انجام پژوهش ها را باز کند، نه تنها شخصا سرمایه گذاری خود در این حوزه را افزایش خواهم داد، بلکه معتقدم بسیاری از سرمایه گذاران دیگر نیز برای انجام این ریسک وارد صحنه خواهند شد.
ایجاد بازار انرژی که دقیقا بازتاب واقعیت ها باشد
هم اکنون بازارهای انرژی در سراسر دنیا موضوعاتی نظیر محیط زیست و تاثیرات آن بر سلامت را مد نظر قرار نداده و جدی نمیگ یرند. اگر این موضوعات مد نظر قرار بگیرد، انرژی های تجدید پذیر در این بازارها بیش از امروز رقابت پذیر خواهند بود. گیتس در این باره معتقد است: هر رهیافت و رویکردی را که اتخاذ کنیم، باید مبتنی بر ایجاد انگیزه برای به دست دادن راه حل های جدید برای حل مسأله انرژی باشد و شرکت های صنعتی را مجاب کند طرح و برنامه حرکت از انرژی های کربنی به سمت انرژی های پاک را در دستور کار قرار دهند.
بدون نیاز به هیچ استدلالی باید گفت، تغییرات آب و هوایی و گرم شدن کره زمین، کشورهای فقیر را بیش از سایرین تحت تأثیر قرار خواهد داد. اگر خیلی در این مورد هوشمندانه رفتار کنیم، این امکان است که آثار گرمایش زمین را تخفیف دهیم و سبک سازیم؛ اما کشورهای فقیر باید برای مقابله با این موضوع آماده شوند.
بیل گیتس در این خصوص نیز می گوید: بنیاد گیتس روی یک جنبه اساسی از تطابق پذیری متمرکز شده است: کمک به کشاورزان خرده پا و کوچک ـ که بخش اعظمی از قشر کشاورزان را در سطح جهانی تشکیل میدهند ـ برای تطابق و مبارزه با آب و هوایی گرم تر و غیر قابل پیش بینی تر. این کار از طریق بهره وری بهتر و علمی تر در کشاورزی صورت می گیرد.
بدون شک موضوع گرمایش زمین و تغییرات آب و هوایی، موضوع جدی در سطح جهانی است؛ مسأله ای که اکنون چندین سال است که پیرامون آن نشست های بزرگ جهانی برگزار می شود. بیل گیتس شخصا این موضوع را تا کنون غیر مستقیم در نظر داشت و سرمایه گذاری وی در پروژه هایی برای تولید انرژی پاک، نشان از میزان توجه وی به معضلی بزرگ دارد که اغلب ما از آن غافل هستیم؛ موضوعی که شاید با سرعتی بیش از آن چه فکر می کنیم در حال وقوع است و نمونه های آن را در کشور خودمان ایران نیز ـ زمستان های گرم و توفان های تابستانی و کمبود شدید آب ـبه شکل ملموس و عینی حس می کنیم.Secondary Purchase - Definition
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Secondary Purchase Definition
Secondary purchase is a term used in the finance market. It describes the act of purchasing an already existing stock or securities from other investors. Secondary purchase is a feature of secondary market, in this arrangement, instead of investors buying stocks directly from the issuing or selling company, they buy from other investors in the market. In this type of purchase, investors sell their already existing securities or stocks (which they previously bought from issuing companies) to other interested investors at an agreed price or rate.
A Little More on What is a Secondary Purchase
Secondary purchase can also be referred to as stock purchase, it is a situation in the secondary stock market whereby investors buy stocks or securities already owned by other investors. Usually, in this type of purchase, investment banks, corporate groups and individual investors exchange funds, stocks or bonds that they previously purchased from the issuing company in the primary market. Many corporate groups and individual investors buy stocks in the secondary market, examples are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac that purchase mortgages in the secondary market. Secondary purchase entails that a mutual trade agreement must exist between the investors buying and selling.
Primary vs. Secondary Markets
There is a clear distinction between primary and secondary markets and this is noteworthy for discussion. Companies that sell or issue bonds, stocks and other securities for the first time trade them in the primary market while investors that buy from them take these purchased stocks to secondary market where they resell. In the primary capital market, issuing companies offer their securities for sale through initial public offerings (IPOs). Trade transaction occur directly between the issuing company and the investor or buyer. In the secondary market on the other hand, initial investors who bought securities directly from issuing companies decided to sell their securities, investors trade securities among themselves.
Secondary Market Pricing
Primary market prices are often volatile as a result of diverse factors such as the need for an issuing company to meet specific market requirements as well as the inability to predict demand in the primary market. Market pricing in secondary market on the other hand are determined by demand and supply rates. That is, the higher the demand on a stock, the higher the tendency of the stock price to increase. In the same vein, if demand is low, there will be a decline in price. Basically, the secondary pricing is influence by the forces of demand and supply.
For different types of securities exist different types of markets, that is, the more the products, the more the markets. This explains the notion of multiple markets. Multiple markets come to be as a result of increase in products and assets that are available for trade in a secondary market. For example, there are many secondary markets where assets such as mortgages are traded. So also markets for trading securities and stocks and equities.
References for Secondary Purchase
Academic Research on Secondary Purchase
Primary and secondary validity of consumer purchase probabilities, Granbois, D. H., & Summers, J. O. (1975). Journal of Consumer Research, 1(4), 31-38.The impact of the Eurosystem's covered bond purchase programme on the primary and secondary markets, Beirne, J., Dalitz, L., Ejsing, J., Grothe, M., Manganelli, S., Monar, F., ... & Vong, T. (2011). When Second Comes First: Correcting Patent's Poor Secondary Incentives Through an Optional Patent Purchase System, Barry, J. (2007). Wis. L. Rev., 585.Estimated impact of the Fed's mortgage-backed securities purchase program, Stroebel, J. C., & Taylor, J. B. (2009). National Bureau of Economic Research.Non-price determinants of intention to purchase counterfeit goods: An exploratory study, Wee, C. H., Ta, S. J., & Cheok, K. H. (1995). International Marketing Review, 12(6), 19-46.Did the Federal Reserve's MBS purchase program lower mortgage rates?, Hancock, D., & Passmore, W. (2011). Journal of Monetary Economics, 58(5), 498-514.The elderly consumer and non-food purchase behaviour, Burt, S., & Gabbott, M. (1995). European Journal of Marketing, 29(2), 43-57.Purchase intentions and the dimensions of innovation: An exploratory model, Holak, S. L., & Lehmann, D. R. (1990). AN INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION OF THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION, 7(1), 59-73.Determining the effectiveness of the Eurosystem's Covered Bond Purchase Programs on secondary markets, Markmann, H., & Zietz, J. (2017). The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 66, 314-327.Effect of trust and risk on purchase intentions in online secondary ticketing: sport consumers and ticket reselling, Pedersen, P. M., Ahn, T., Suh, Y. I., & Lee, J. K. (2015). South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 37(2), 131-142.Service recovery's influence on consumer satisfaction, positive word-of-mouth, and purchase intentions, Maxham III, J. G. (2001). Journal of business research, 54(1), 11-24.طرح مسئله
استفاده از مفهوم «جنگ کلاسیک» برای تبیین رخدادها و تحولات جنگ ایران و عراق، در اظهارات مسئولین و فرماندهان نظامی جنگ، از سابقه ای همانند جنگ برخوردار است. با این وجود تا کنون تعریف مشخصی از این موضوع ارائه نشده است. پیش از این امیر بختیاری در باره تعریف این مفهوم و علت استفاده از آن در اظهارات فرماندهان یا آثار منتشر شده از سوی سپاه، از من سوال کرد که پاسخ آن را به خاطر ندارم. با توجه به استفاده از این مفهوم در کتاب «کالک های خاکی»، شامل خاطرات سردار عزیز جعفری فرمانده محترم سپاه، که اخیراً منتشر شده است، این موضوع مجددا از سوی امیر بختیاری مورد پرسش قرار گرفت که به ایشان عرض کردم؛ سپاه پس از حمله عراق ادراکی از جنگ و شیوه دفاع و حمله به دشمن داشته است و برای تمایز آن با روش ارتش، از عنوان جنگ انقلابی در برابر جنگ کلاسیک، استفاده کرده است. با نظر به ملاحظات یاد شده، این پرسش وجود دارد که؛ منظور از جنگ کلاسیک چیست و چرا از این مفهوم برای تبیین بخشی از تحولات جنگ ایران و عراق استفاده می شود؟
در آثار منتشر شده از سوی ارتش و یا سپاه، تا کنون هیچگونه تعریف مشخصی از مفهوم «جنگ کلاسیک» صورت نگرفته است. بنظر می رسد ارتش براساس نظام مفهومی و آموزشی، هر آنچه را که دانسته و به آن عمل می کند، بمثابه روشهای مرسوم، بمعنای جنگ کلاسیک می داند، و سپاه نیز تجربه جنگ با عراق و آموزهای حاصل از آن را، در برابر مفهوم جنگ کلاسیک و به گفته سردار رضائی فرمانده پیشین سپاه، «جنگ انقلابی» نام گذاری می کند.
تجزیه و تحلیل
در بررسی برخی اظهارات فرماندهان ارتش در باره تعریف مفهوم جنگ و روش جنگیدن در برابر تجاوز دشمن، در واکنش به اظهارات فرماندهان سپاه، به موضوعاتی اشاره شده است که قابل توجه است. به چند مورد از آن اشاره می شود:
1- در کتاب ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران در هشت سال دفاع مقدس، اشغال خرمشهر و شکستن حصر آبادان، نوشته شده است: ارتش در شرایطی با تجاوز عراق و ادامه آن روبه رو شد که اجرای برنامه های کلاسیک نظامی مقدور نبود. .» (سرهنگ ستاد بازنشسته سید یعقوب حسینی، سرتیپ 2 بازنشسته محمد جوادی پور- 1373- جلد سوم- انتشارات سازمان عقیدتی سیاسی ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران-ص166)
2- امیر حسنی سعدی فرمانده پیشین نیروی
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United States (84.5), Brazil (62), and Russia (22). In addition to its issues of population density, however, Japan faces another demographic problem: an aging population. Over one quarter of Japan's population is over the age of 65 and sales of adult diapers in Japan are eclipsing those of infants. Language in Japan is split between Japanese language spoken on the main islands and the Ryukyuan languages of the Ryukyu Islands, the latter becoming endangered due to the spread of mainland Japanese throughout the islands. Kanbun - or classical Chinese - also played an important linguistic role in Japan. Akin to Latin in Europe, many classical, intellectual, and official works of Japan were written in Kanbun and the language remains a mandatory subject in Japanese secondary schools. Religion in Japan is dominated by folk Shintoism (52% of the population) and Buddhism (35% of the population). The non-religious population comprises 7% of the population while Christianity stands at less than 3% (compare this to nearby South Korea where the nation is almost 30% Christian and rising). The Shintoism of World War Two Japan was a mystically powerful combination of religion and racism which all of us must learn from.
Geopolitics: Political Geography and Foreign Policy
Japan's geographic orientation towards the Korean peninsula and Russia brings Japan into potentially confrontational contact with its peninsular and continental neighbors. While much media attention is given to North Korea, the dispute of the Kuril Islands has kept Japan and Russia from signing a peace treaty since the end of World War II. A 2012 poll of Japanese revealed that, with a 72% unfavorable view of Russia, Japan was the most Russophobic nation surveyed at the time. Japan's past history with South Korea and China, particularly during the days of Imperial Japan, leave her in poor standing with both today. The rise of China, however, has led South Korea and Japan to move more closely towards military pacts (both have security agreements with the United States). Where the Japanese islands - numbering 6,852 in total - face China are in Kyushu and the Ryukyu islands (of which Okinawa forms the southernmost bastion). These islands play a key defensive role in containing any potential Chinese military aggression while also denying Chinese fleets entry into the Pacific. As Prime Minister Shinzo Abe seeks to bolster Japan's armed forces, a defensive strategy such as this is one of his options. Japan also play an important role in the geopolitics of the South China Sea.
Stratfor on Japan's Geographic Challenges
Stratfor - short for Strategic Forecasting, Inc. - is a private global intelligence company that offers geopolitical insight into the interplay of nations. Stratfor has developed an excellent series of short (~2-4 minute) videos which provide the viewer with a specific nation, along with its basic history, geography, culture, and geopolitical allies and adversaries. In the following video, they present the geographic challenges facing Japan.وزیر بهداشت گفت: ما میدانیم که تزریق واکسن کرونا را باید از چه گروه و از چه سنی شروع کنیم و گروه های پرخطر جزو اولین افرادی هستند که برای تزریق از آنها دعوت میکنیم.
به گزارش گلستان ۲۴؛ به نقل از بهداشت نیوز، «سعید نمکی» وزیر بهداشت با اشاره به اینکه واکسن کرونا را از راههای مختلف برای مردم ایران تامین خواهیم کرد، بیان کرد: من از مردم میخواهم به خبرهای متفرقهای که در مورد واکسن کرونا میشنوند توجه نکنند و بارها گفتهام که خبرهای مربوط به واکسن را از وزیر بشنوید.
وی ادامه داد: من و همکارانم تلاش میکنیم تا مطمئنترین راه را برای تهیه واکسن پیدا کنیم و حتی الان با ایجاد تیمی برای انجام اولویت بندیها میدانیم که واکسن را باید از چه گروه و از چه سنی شروع کنیم، گروه های پرخطر جزو اولین افرادی هستند که برای تزریق از آنها دعوت میکنیم.
نمکی افزود: در رابطه با واکسن داخلی هم شخصا پیگیر هستم و تا الان موفق بوده و نتایج بعدی آن را به اطلاع مردم خواهم رساند.
وی گفت: هفتهی گذشته برای جهان هفتهی تلخی بود و آمارها بسیار بالا بود ولی آمار کشور ما به مرز دو رقمی رسیده بود، البته که مرگ یک نفر هم دردناک است و امیدوارم در روزهای آتی میزان مرگها کمتر شود، اما فعلاً متاسفانه ۴ نقطه قرمز جدید در استان مازندران پیدا کردیم که تمام تلاش همکاران برای این است تا موج شکل گرفته را مهار کنند و این نقاط قرمز را به نارنجی و زرد تبدیل کنند.The Greeks used the word polis to refere to
under the leadership of____Athens became the most sophisticated of the polis.
The Spartans were constantly afraid of the prospect of an uprising be serfs known as
In the Republic, Plato proposed that the true rulers of society should be
Of all the Hellenistic empires, Greek infulence was greatest in
the Seleucid realm
believed that philosophers could rely on their senses
The most distinctive feauture of classical Greek culture was the effort to construct a consistent system of philosophy based purely on____.
The Mycenaeans received early indirect influence from the Egyptians and Phoenicians through their contract through the
The leader who forged a comprimise between then's social classes by allowing the aristocrats to keep their land while also providing representations for the common classes was
Socrates believed that___was more important than wealth or fame
The____ empire was the wealthiest of the Hellenistic empires.
Of the natural diasters that plagued the Minoans, the most devastating was the volcanic eruptions in 1628 on the Island of
Which of the Hellenistic philosophies viewed pleasures at the greatest good?
The Persian king___viewed the naval loss of Salamis.
Socrates believed that it was most important to try and understand
The Greeks used the word___to refer to generals or poloticians who, although often popular, gained power by irregular means.
Athenian democracy was open to
all Athanian citizens
In which polis did woman have the most freedom?
The center of the Hellenistic world was
By 338 BCE the Greeks had fallen to
Which of the following events occured during the time of Pericles?
The Mycenaens adapted the Minoan written language to their own needs and developed a syllabic script called
All of the following came about because of Greek colonization except
The best example of Minoan cultural brilliance can be seen in the remains at
The political world of the Ancient Greeks
usually consisted of independent, autonomous city-states
The largest part of Alexander's conquests, essentially the former Achaemenid empire, was taken over by
The role of woman in the Greek world
was limited in a strictly patriarchal society
The eastern most point of Alexander's conquest was
The decisive naval battle of Persian war was fought at
the most influencial Greek poet
The Minoans wrote with a script known as___, which is not yet deciphered
Which of the Hellenistic philosophies considered all human beings to be members of a single, universal family?
Distinction among the ancient Spartans came from
dicipline and military talent
The Homeric epic the Iliad deals with
the war to capture Troy
The Golden Age of Greece came to an end after the
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Sürekli Yazılar
Kitap Söyleşileri
AYDINLANMA
EMRE KONGAR
İKİNCİ 23 HAZİRAN DEMOKRATİK DİRENİŞ ZAFERİ
Baro başkanlarının yürüyüşü, iktidarın işkenceyi andıran engellerinden dolayı, bir "Demokratik Direniş Zaferi"ne dönüştü.
Anıtkabir'de sona eren bu yürüyüş, haksız ve hukuksuz olarak iptal edilen 31 Mart 2019'daki İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanlığı seçimlerindeki 13 bin oy farkını 23 Haziran 2019'da 800 bin oya çıkartarak elde edilen "Demokratik Direniş Zaferi"ne eklendi:
Türkiye'nin Demokrasi Tarihi'ne "İkinci 23 Haziran Demokrasi Zaferi" olarak geçti!
* * *
Aslında, bu yürüyüş "Herkes, önceden izin almadan, silahsız ve saldırısız toplantı ve gösteri yürüyüşü düzenleme hakkına sahiptir." diyen Anayasa'nın 34'üncü maddesine göre, normal ve hukuksal, masum bir "İfade Özgürlüğü" eylemi olarak başlamıştı:
Barolar, iktidarın, baroların yapısı ve seçimleri hakkında planladığı değişiklik haberleri üzerine bir protesto yürüyüşü yapıyorlardı.
Türkiye'nin her yerindeki barolardan Ankara'ya, Anıtkabir'e yürüyüşler düzenlenmişti.
COVID-19 salgınından dolayı yürüyüşler, büyük gruplar halinde değil, kimi yerlerde tek tek baro başkanları tarafından gerçekleştirilmiş ve Türkiye'nin dört bir tarafından gelenler Ankara girişinde buluşmuşlardı.
Oradan otobüslerle Tandoğan Meydanı'na gidecekler ve Anıtkabir'e yürüyeceklerdi.
İktidar, baro başkanlarının Ankara'ya girmesini engelledi.
Baro Başkanlarına, avukatlara gelen yiyecek ve giyecek yardımlarının ulaştırılmasına izin vermedi.
Yiyecek, içecek ve tuvalet ihtiyaçlarını giderdikleri kafeye ceza azdı ve işletmeyi kapattı.
Yağan sağanak yağmurdan korunmaları için kurulmak istenen çadırları önledi, yollanan battaniyelere izin vermedi.
Bulundukları yeri otobüslerle çevirdi, medyanın görüntü almasını engelledi.
Bütün bu engellemelere rağmen, geceyi sağanak yağış altında, soğukta ve açıkta geçiren kimi çok yaşlı baro başkanları Ankara girip Anıtkabir'e gidene kadar DİRENECEKLERİNİ belirttiler.
Sonunda iktidar bir Anayasal Hakkın Demokratik bir biçimde kullanılmasına boyun eğmek zorunda kaldı:
Savunma Hakkı'nı Hukuk Devleti'ni savunan, Anayasal bir hakkı, barışçı ve demokratik bir yöntemle kullanmak isteyen, Baro Başkanlarının Ankara'ya girme ve Anıtkabir'e gitme hakkına koyduğu haksız ve hukuksuz engelleri kaldırdı.
Böylece masum bir "Toplantı ve Gösteri Yürüyüş Hakkı" yoluyla protestolarını Demokratik olarak olaysız bir biçimde kullanmak isteyen Baro Başkanlarının Yürüyüşü", ülke sınırlarını da aşan, dünya çapında, bir "Demokratik Hukuk Direnişi" olayı haline geldi.
* * *
Toplumların mutluluğu ve refahı için Demokratik Rejimi ve Demokratik Yöntemleri savunanlara karşı iki eleştiri dile getirilir:
1) Demokratik Hak ve Özgürlüklerini Demokrasiyi yok etmek için kullananlara karşı nasıl mücadele edeceksiniz?
2) Demokratik görünen seçimlerle iktidara gelenler, zor kullanarak Demokrasiyi tahrip etmeye başladıklarında bunlara karşı nasıl direneceksiniz?
Birinci sorunun yanıtını insanlık vermiştir:
Seçimle iktidara gelmek yetmez, iktidarın bütün eylem ve söylemlerinin Temel İnsan Hak ve Özgürlüklerine uygun olması gerekir.
Bunu sağlamak için bağımsız yargı denetimi şarttır.
Bu denetimi yapmak için Anayasa Mahkemeleri kurulmuştur.
Tartışma genellikte, iktidarın zorla Temel Hak ve Özgürlükleri ihlâl ettiği zaman BARIŞÇI, YASAL VE DEMOKRATİK YÖNTEMLERİN yeterli olup olmadığı konusunda ortaya çıkar:
Ben bu durumlarda da BARIŞÇI, YASAL VE DEMOKRATİK DİRENİŞ YÖNETMLERİNİN etkili olacağına inanıyorum.
Bu yöntemleri savunmamın birinci gerekçesi, her zaman, her yerde, herkes için, her türlü şiddete, karşı olmam ve her koşulda, her zaman, herkes için, Demokrasiyi savunmamdır.
İkinci gerekçe ise, BARIŞÇI, YASAL VE DEMOKRATİK DİRENİŞ YÖNETMLERİNİN de iktidarlara karşı son derce etkili olarak kullanılabileceğine olan inancımdır.
Bu konuda "DİREN" diye bir de DEMOKRATİK MANİFESTO kitabı yayınladığım ve "Etkili Demokratik ve Barışçı Yöntemler" ayrı bir yazı gerektirdiği için, burada ayrıca ayrıntıya girmiyorum
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YAŞASIN DEMOKRATİK HUKUK DEVLETİ...
YAŞASIN DEMOKRATİK VE BARIŞÇI DİRENİŞ!
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Son güncelleme tarihi 2 Ağustos 2021پس از برگزاری مراسم تاج گذاری امپراتور و ملکه ژاپن لباسهای تشریفاتی تاج گذاری را کنار گذاشته و با لباسی رسمی در ضیافت ترتیب داده شده برای میهمانان حضور یافتند.
فرارو: شرکت کنندگان در مراسم تاج گذاری امپراتور جدید در ضیافتی که از سوی پادشاه و ملکه ترتیب داده شده بود شرکت کردند.
ناروهیتو، امپراتور ژاپن روز سه شنبه در جریان مراسمی رسمی و با حضور نمایندگان ۱۸۰ کشور جهان رسما بر تخت سلطنت نشست.
امپراتور ژاپن و ماساکو، همسرش در این مراسم لباس های سنتی ژاپنی به تن داشتند. ناروهیتو روز اول مه (۱۱ اردیبهشت) سال جاری به دنبال کناره گیری پدرش از امپراتوری به عنوان ۱۲۶امین امپراتور ژاپن معرفی شده بود.
امپراتور جدید ژاپن در سخنان روز سه شنبه خود گفت: در اینجا وعده می دهم که همواره برای سعادت مردم ژاپن و صلح جهانی دعا خواهم کرد.
شینزو آبه، نخست وزیر ژاپن در جریان این مراسم به امپراتور جدید ژاپن تکیه زدن رسمی وی بر تخت سلطنت را تبریک گفت.
پس از برگزاری مراسم تاج گذاری امپراتور و ملکه ژاپن لباس های تشریفاتی تاج گذاری را کنار گذاشته و با لباسی رسمی در ضیافت ترتیب داده شده برای میهمانان حضور یافتند.
حدود ۲۰۰۰ شخصیت از ۱۸۰ کشور در این رویداد شرکت کردند و این عنوان را به امپراتور ژاپن تبریک گفتند.
The post حاشیههای یک تاجگذاری/تصاویر appeared first on توریسم آنلاین.The University of Wisconsin-La Crosse is urging students to get vaccinated after a student on campus was diagnosed with mumps. There are also two suspected cases.
Although only one case has been diagnosed, school officials want students to be aware of the symptoms.
Mumps is a viral illness that affects the salivary glands in the throat.
Health officials say it will start out just like any ordinary cold, but will then progress into swelling of the face.
Mumps is contagious so if you are feeling any of these symptoms, you're urged to get medical attention.A history of aids and the penalty for consciously transmitting the virus
Since women constitute the most rapidly growing segment of the hiv-infected population in the united states, aids prevention is particularly important for women's health hiv is transmitted through bodily secretions, like blood and semen. Fdoh hiv/aids 500 the basics of hiv/aids learner course guide july 2015 slide 3 - hiv transmission, prevention and treatments 30 : slide 4 - learning objectives section two the basics of hiv/aids - learner course guide powered by doh office of performance and quality improvement. Prevention strategies against hiv transmission: a proactive approach antonio the majority of individuals living with hiv will have a decreased incidence of transmitting the virus however, national aids manual hiv transmission and testing. The new law makes it illegal to intentionally transmit any infectious or communicable disease with the penalty reduced to a maximum of 6 months in a county jail. Aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a disease caused by a virus called hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) the illness alters the immune system, making people much more vulnerable to infections and diseases.
Are hiv/aids and other sexually transmitted diseases we are faced with a plague that may kill more people than any other plague in history hiv, the aids virus, is spreading like wildfire around the world woman, burned in their lust for one another, men with men committing what is shameful, and receiving in themselves the penalty of. According to a new report by the centers for disease control and prevention, at least 27 viruses, including ebola and marburg, have now been added to the list of sexually transmitted diseases, or. A 2008 report from the joint united nations commission on hiv/aids finds “no data indicating that the broad application of criminal law to hiv transmission will achieve either criminal justice or prevent hiv transmission,” and recommends use of “general criminal law” rather than hiv-specific laws in cases of intentional transmission.
Hiv voluntary counselling and testing (vct) guidelines for pakistan national guidelines list of contents foreword being conscious of common errors controlling judging moralizing labelling acquired immunodeficiency virus (aids) 113 modes of transmission 114 the progress of an hiv infection 115 antiretroviral drugs (arv. Overview of hiv essay 538 words 3 pages hiv, or the human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus found in human beings that primarily infects cells that are part of the immune system, but can affect other cell types as well. Paulk points out that laws criminalizing hiv don’t take into account the medical science surrounding hiv, and have been ineffective in containing the virus “the cdc acknowledges that there is ‘effectively no risk’ of sexually
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ıştır. 6 Ocak 1969'daki ODTÜ'yü ziyareti sırasında, rektörlük binasının kapısında duran diplomatik plakalı 1968 model Cadillac otomobili, temsil ettiği Amerikan değerlerine karşı duran, Komer'in Vietnam geçmişinden haberdar ODTÜ'lü öğrenciler tarafından yakıldı.[3][4] Söylentiye göre arabayı ateşe veren Deniz Gezmiş'in yakın arkadaşlarından Taylan Özgür iken, benzin deposuna sıkıştırılıp ateşe verilen eşarp da o dönemin bir diğer önemli ismi olan Sinan Cemgil'e aittir. Olaydan üç gün sonra Deniz Gezmiş ve Yusuf Aslan'ın da içinde bulunduğu yedi kişi hakkında verilen tutuklama kararı sonrasında, 3.000'den fazla öğrenci bir dilekçeyle kendilerinin de eyleme katıldığını bildirmiştir.
Aynı zamanda ODTÜ'nün kurucusu da olan rektör Kemal Kurdaş, bu olaylara yol açtığı ve Komer'i davet ettiği için yoğun eleştirilere uğramıştır. Kurdaş ise daha ilk yıllarındaki üniversiteye mali destek ihtimalinden ötürü davet ettiğini söyleyerek kendisini savunmuştur.Il READCamp apre il 29 maggio, giorno del Memorial Day, e termina il 4 settembre, giorno del Labor Day.
Si prega di leggere il Regolamento del READCamp e il Protocollo di formazione.
Registra i libri letti nel tuo Playbook online a partire dal 29 maggio
I certificati di campionato e di MVP, una volta ottenuti, saranno caricati nel libro di gioco online. È possibile salvarli, stamparli e condividerli.
Condividete le vostre foto sui social media. Taggateci @readwithmalcolm e usate #READCamp
Per ulteriori informazioni e attività, visitate la sezione Risorse (menu a griglia in alto a destra).
Inviate un'e-mail a [email protected] per qualsiasi domanda.
Per tutta l'estate organizzeremo eventi speciali, letture ad alta voce, concorsi e attività didattiche speciali sui social media. Seguiteci su Twitter, Facebook e Instagram per seguire tutto il divertimento! Condividete le foto e i video delle vostre letture estive, taggateci @readwithmalcolm e usate l'hashtag #READCamp! Inviate un'e-mail a [email protected] per qualsiasi domanda e, come sempre, continuate a leggere!birinin gerçek mümin olup olmaması biz fanilerin sorunu değildir. gerçek mümin olsa ne olur, olmasa ne olur... benim için önemli olan benim ne olduğumdur. insanları, namazına niyazına göre değerlendirmeye kalkarsanız zaafa uğrarsınız.
size daha iyi hizmet sunmak için ekşi'de çerezler kullanıyoruz.
ekşi'yi kullanarak çerezlere izin vermektesiniz.
daha fazla bilgi
×Sen tam bir plaza kurdu musun; plaza ortamlarında çalışmaya ne kadar müsaitsin? Testi çöz de birlikte görelim!
1. Öncelikle kendi tarzına en yakın bulduğun ofis kombinini seç bize.
2. Bir tane de bunların arasından seç.
3. İş çıkışı dışarıda yemeye karar verdin. Kendine şu 6 seçenek içinden güzel bir akşam yemeği seç.
Dana bonfile
Izgara sebze
Balık
Kuru fasulye, pilav
Salata
Makarna
4. Şimdi de yemeğin üzerine bir kahve seç.
Ben bir çay alayım ya.
Cappuccino
Americano
Espresso
Filtre kahve
Türk kahvesi
5. Yaz da bitti ama bir tatil hakkın daha olsa hangisini seçerdin?
Tibet
Samos
Amsterdam
St. Petersburg
Alaçatı
Phuket
6. Kılık kıyafet alışverişi yapman lazım; favori istikametini öğrenelim.
Alışveriş siteleri
Semt pazarı
Yakınlardaki büyük bir AVM
Şehrin pahalı caddelerinden biri
Yurtdışı
Mahalle butikleri
7. Sıra geldi iş çıkışı sık sık yaptığın aktiviteyi seçmeye.
Sinema ya da bir etkinliğe gitmek
Sahilde güzel bir akşam yürüyüşü yapmak
Spor salonuna gitmek
Sevdiklerimle evde akşam yemeği hazırlayıp yemek
Arkadaşlarla bir şeyler içip eve dönmek
Eve gelip TV'nin karşısında ayaklarımı uzatmak
8. Son olarak bir de çalışma masası seç de bitirelim.
%75 - %100 Plaza İnsanısın!
%50 - %75 Plaza İnsanısın!
%25 - %50 Plaza İnsanısın!
%0 - %25 Plaza İnsanısın!
Görüş BildirPresidente e Vicepresidente
- PRESIDENTE della Commissione è il Ministro per la Famiglia, la Natalità e le Pari Opportunità On. Eugenia Maria Roccella. Il Presidente della Commissione rappresenta la Commissione, ne coordina l'attività e vigila sul suo operato. Il Presidente trasmette al Parlamento una relazione biennale sullo stato delle adozioni internazionali, sullo stato della attuazione della Convenzione e sulla stipulazione di accordi bilaterali anche con Paesi non aderenti alla stessa.
- VICEPRESIDENTE della Commissione Adozioni Internazionali è il Dott. Vincenzo Starita. Il Vicepresidente sostituisce il Presidente in caso di assenza o impedimento ed esercita le funzioni che il Presidente gli delega; autorizza l'ingresso e il soggiorno permanente del minore straniero adottato o affidato a scopo di adozione. Può adottare, nei casi di urgenza che non permettono la convocazione in tempo utile della Commissione, i provvedimenti di competenza della stessa; tali provvedimenti cessano di avere efficacia sin dal momento della loro adozione se non sono ratificati dalla Commissione nella prima riunione utile successiva.With the advent of vaccines and improvement in healthcare, epidemics of acute, highly-infective childhood diseases have become significantly declined in most parts of the world; all thanks to effective vaccines. In spite of that, childhood illnesses may still come in the form of common flu and cold. They also exist in the form of mysterious […]
Candida can be due to multiple reasons, including high-sugar diet, alcohol, refined carbs. This article presents the symptoms and causes of candida infection as well as effective home remedies to treat candida.
You probably think of the fast acting diseases as the most deadliest ones. Surprisingly, many of such diseases don’t run in the top 10 lists. In fact, most of the deadly diseases are those that have slow progression and relatively high prevalence. World Health Organization (WHO) has provided a list of such diseases. Their list […]
Do you know that nutritional deficiency is responsible for more than 6 percent of the global morbidity and mortality rates? We have 88 percent of the countries facing a serious burden of nutritional deficiencies. Moreover, around 2 billion people lack micronutrients like vitamin A and iron. Nutrient deficiencies contribute to the global disease and economic […]
The most deadly creature on earth is not a saltwater crocodile or a black mamba; it’s the mosquito that conveniently transmits deadly diseases through a single bite. According to World Health Organization (WHO), mosquito-borne diseases cause more than 1 million deaths per year, and hundreds of millions of individuals suffer the consequences of a mosquito […]
Are you worried about the pale complexion and shortness of breath while doing minor daily activities such as climbing stairs? A general feeling of tiredness and difficulty in performing daily activities can be linked to iron deficiency. It may come as a surprise, but iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in today’s world. […]
An example of a common zoonotic bacterial infection is Cat Scratch Disease. Cat Scratch Disease affects 25,000 people per year and occurs after cats bite or scratch humans.Increased consumption of pork during China's upcoming New Year festivities could lead to fresh outbreaks of African swine fever, a viral disease that can wipe out whole herds of animals, an expert in veterinary medicine has warned.
China has been fighting the highly contagious disease since August last year, with around 100 farms reporting outbreaks and at least 200,000 pigs culled.
Last week a modern mega-farm, with some 73,000 pigs, reported an outbreak of the fever - the largest farm to date to be infected.
Chinese New Year, which takes place on February 5, will see an increase in the consumption of pork - the country's most popular meat - as people celebrate with family feasts.
Dirk Pfeiffer, professor of veterinary medicine at City University of Hong Kong, described China as the "Himalayas of pigs" as the country keeps between 50 and 60 per cent of the world's pig population.
“With Chinese New Year coming up, there will be more demand and more trade in pork and it’s likely that there will be an increase in outbreaks.
“Chinese New Year involves lots of festivities; it is about eating at home with family,” he told The Telegraph. “People want to eat meat, and in China they love pork, so it will create a lot of opportunity for pork to be moved around the country and also along the border. This is illegal, but it has always been a porous border.”
While African swine fever cannot be caught by humans, the deadly viral disease can wipe out whole herds of pigs. There is no vaccine for the disease although UK researchers are currently working on one.
The disease has been found in Eastern Europe and Belgium and UK farmers are worried that it could jump here.
The discovery of the illness on the Chinese mega farm, which is part owned by Danish investment funds, has raised concerns that even industrial farms with the best levels of bio-security are at risk of infection.
Among a herd of 15,000 breeding pigs on the farm in the northeastern Heilongjiang province, 4,685 were infected with the disease and 3,766 have died, according to the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. All animals on infected farms must be culled under current rules.
The ministry said that it was ‘resolute’ about stopping the spread, and has introduced emergency measures including a blockade and culling pigs.
But while concerned by the outbreak, Prof Pfeiffer said he was not surprised.
“Occasionally you expect some of the bigger farms to be infected,” he said. “If we now see lots of larger farms with African swine fever, then we should really be worried.”
The disease is unlikely to be eradicated from China because of the large number of small farms which are less likely to follow best practice disease control measures, said Prof. Pfeiffer.
"In Beijing, they are very worried about the spread, they are doing everything any other government would do" said Prof Pfeiffer. "But a change in industry needs to happen to really slow the spread.
"If it also moves into neighbouring countries like Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia - which don't have the same resources as China to tackle the disease - then it will become even harder to contain."
Protect yourself and your family by learning more about Global Health SecuritySamsun'da halk arasında "Red Kit" lakabıyla tanının bir kişi, bank üstünde uyuya kaldı. Uyuya kalan Red Kit'i yanına uzanan sokak köpekleri korudu.
Ağzından düşürmediği sigara ve fiziksel görüntüsü nedeniyle Samsun'da "Red Kit" lakabıyla tanınan bir kişi, Samsun Cumhuriyet Meydanı civarında yaptığı ilginç hareketlerle tanınıyor. Aldığı alkolün etkisi ile garip hareketlerde bulunan, elindeki pırasa sapıyla sıkışan trafiğe yön vererek yolu açmaya çalışan Red Kit, bu sefer de yorgun düşerek bir bankta uyuya kaldı.
Cumhuriyet Meydanı'nda bir bankta uzanan Red Kit, ayağındaki ayakkabıları çıkarıp, başının altına yastık yaptı. Soğuk havada uyuya kalan Red Kit'in yanına 2 sokak köpeği uzandı. Sokak köpekleri, uyuya kalan Red Kit'i korurken, yanına da kimseyi yaklaştırmadı.
Birkaç saat boyunca bankta yatan Red Kit, yağmurun başlamasıyla birlikte yattığı yerden kalkarak, sokak köpekleri ile birlikte buradan uzaklaştı.English Language Learner Families and Schools
The English Language Learner (ELL), student population is growing. According to the California Department of Education, as of the Spring of 2011, 37.4% of public school enrolled students speak a language other than English in their homes. Knowing this, teachers and administrators must reach out and meet the needs of the ELL student, in order for those students to succeed. There are several areas that they need to look at to have a successful program; the sociocultural influences on ELL students, bilingualism and home language, parental and community resources, and a partnership between families and schools.
The teachers need to know how the ELL student’s culture can influence and make a difference in that students’ academic success. Teachers need to get to know their students and their families. By knowing their families, teachers can incorporate teaching methods using culturally effective methods. By integrating the students’ culture and language gives the ELL student a sense of acceptance within the classroom. Also giving the student the opportunity to share his or her culture will promote self-confidence and pride of who they are. According to an article on the Colorin Colorado stated that understanding family values, expectations, family relationship, and their home environment will increase success with the ELL. A great way for a teacher to inform herself of the ELL students’ background including where they are from, religion, and customs is to visit and talk to the parents. This concept is called Funds of Knowledge. “Funds of Knowledge is based on a simple premise: people are competent and have knowledge, family heritage and life experiences as a result of which they have knowledge that can be used as a basis for education and in support of communities.” (English Language Learners Symposium)
A teacher needs to understand and take into consideration the student’s home language. A teacher should know how to...Yerinde güvenlik, özel bina müdahalelerinin planlanması aşamasında, Kanun tarafından öngörülen farklı katkıları uygulayan birkaç konuyu içermektedir.
En büyüklerinden biri dikkatini mevzuatın gözetilmesi ile ilgili işlerin yürütülmesi sırasında site güvenliği (Yasama Kararı 81/2008).
Bu yasa, eğer bir sosyal temaya dikkat çekerse, diğer yandan boşluklarbilgi açısından, özellikle sektörde çalışmayanlar için.
Aslında, çoğu durumda yetkiliÇalışmayı bir profesyonele verdiğini bildiği için, kendisini dahil olabilecek her şeye yabancı buluyor. sorumluluk Şirketin boru hattındaki etkinliği hakkında.
Aslında, durumundadüzensizlik İş müfettişleri tarafından tespit edildiği üzere, ilgili diğer taraflarla aynı şekilde (şirket, İş ve Güvenlik Koordinatörü Direktörü) idari yaptırım ödemesi ve en ciddi durumlarda mahkemede sinsice ve cezai olarak yanıt vermesi gerekmektedir..
Bir yandan bu sonuçların çalışma sırasında ortaya çıkması halinde, hangisinin kâğıtlar ve ben Gerçekleşmeler gerekli çalışmalara başlamadan önce (81/2008 sayılı Yasal Kararname uyarınca, 106, 3 Ağustos 2009 tarihli Yasal Kararname ile güncellenmiştir).
Her şeyden önce, temel bir koşul olarak, sayı işlerin gerçekleştirilmesine katılan şirketlerin listesi.
Sadece bir şirketin katılımıyla
Bu durumda, öyle değil beklenen: Tasarım ve uygulama aşamasında Güvenlik Koordinatörlerinin atanması, Güvenlik ve Koordinasyon Planının (PSC) hazırlanması ve güvenlik maliyetlerinin tahmini.
Ancak, aşağıdakilere saygı gösterilmelidir Gerçekleşmeler: Şirketin profesyonel teknisyeninin uygunluğunun doğrulanması, ön bildirimin (işin miktarı 200 iş gününden fazla ise) yetkili kuruma iletilmesi ve Operasyonel Güvenlik Planının (POS) şirket tarafından hazırlanması.
ilişkin doğrulama uygunluk açısından, esasen şirketin Müşteriye örgütsel becerilere sahip olduğunu, işgücünün ve ekipmanın mevcudiyetini kanıtlaması gerekir.
Bu gereksinimler verilen talimatlara uymalıdır.Ek XVII işle ilgili veya serbest çalışan işçilerle ilgili olup olmadığı.
Tanımı erkekler günükısacası, işlerin tutarlılığını ifade eder, bunun yerine işin gerçekleştirilmesi için kullanılacak iş gücünün varsayılan varlığı ile ilgilidir ve işçiler tarafından sağlanan iş günlerinin toplamı ile temsil edilir (özerk).
Daha fazla şirket olması durumunda
Bu durumda, şirketin uygunluğunun doğrulanmasına ek olarak, Ön Bildirimin iletilmesi, POS'un hazırlanması, Müşteri; atamak Planlama ve yürütme sırasında ve aynı zamanda bir Güvenlik Koordinatörü yazmak Güvenlik ve Koordinasyon Planı (PSC).
Ancak, bu son yerine getirmelerde, başka bir tane daha var. ayrımdiğer bir deyişle, işlerin miktarı 100.000,00 avronun altındaysa ve İnşaat İzni talebine tabi değilse, Müşteri sadece yürütme aşamasında Koordinatörü atayacaktır.
Sonuncusu, PSC'yi sitedeki birkaç şirketin varlığı sonucunda hazırlayacak.她笑了。显然，她谈话比我好。她换了话题，说：“我听说你已经去萨福克的办公室几次了。“““是啊。他们仍在试图弄清楚到底发生了什么。”“我希望更多的女性能够支持她们想要的东西，“拉塔微笑着结束了。“也许是时候了，“我向她求婚。索米娅搅拌完了酪乳，开始往高高的钢杯里倒牛奶，高高的钢杯摇晃晃地站在不太光滑的石头厨房柜台上。“你能把这个带给你的爸爸妈妈吗？“Sowmya指着两个玻璃杯。
冬青的男朋友在等待她的员工的入口在建筑的后面,和冬青向我们招手她穿上外衣,匆匆出去了。”什么是你的希望在新的一年,女士们?”山姆问。到那个时候,肯尼亚是靠在酒吧,等待他,她的脸平静和警报。肯尼亚吃午饭经常在这里与她的合作伙伴,凯文,谁和她一样
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برای ارائه اطلاعات در مورد برنامه کمک رسانی به کرایه نشینان و کمک به مقامات در اجرای آن راه اندازی کرده است. این وزارات از ورجینیا و هیوستون سخن گفته است، جایی که کمک ها به خانواده های آسیب دیده موفقانه رسیده اند. جو بایدن روز جمعه هشدار داده گفت: «هیچ بهانه ای برای یک مقام دولتی یا محلی وجود ندارد که فوراً به مالکان و کرایه نشینان آسیب دیده به دلیل پاندمی کرونا، کمک ها را نرسانند.»Il patron dei parigini conferma il tecnico francese nonostante l'eliminazione in Champions League
MERCATO PSG AL KHELAIFI BLANC/ ROMA - Nonostante l'eliminazione in Champions League per mano del Barcellona, la panchina di Laurent Blanc al Paris Saint-Germain non è in discussione: parola di Nasser Al-Khelaifi, il patron dei parigini che ha voluto difendere il tecnico francese. "Blanc lavora bene qui, questo è certo - le dichiarazioni rilasciate da Al-Khelaifi a 'Infosport+' - abbiamo vinto la Coppa di Francia e spero riusciremo a vincere anche il campionato. Ai media dico di non parlare dell'allenamento perché sta facendo un un buon lavoro e sarà qui anche l'anno prossimo".
S.F.اصولاً نوشتن هرچیز قاعده و قانون خاص خود را دارد. در زمینه علمی، نوشتن پروپوزال، نوشتن مقاله و نوشتن پیش نویس و... با هم تفاوت دارند.
اول از همه باید دو مورد را برای خود روشن ساریم:
الف- عنوان موضوع پژوهش، بصورت یک جمله واضح و روشن بیان می شود. عبارت موضوع پژوهش در ابتدا گفته می شود که البته متغیرهای اصلی پژوهش در جمله عنوان موضوع بکار گرفته می شود.
ب- نوع پژوهش، که از نظر هدف (کاربردی یا بنیادی) و از نظر ماهیت و روش در ابتدای طرح تحقیق آورده می شود.
پس از بیان دو مورد فوق موارد زیر برای تشریح اجزای طرح تحقیق آورده می شود که در این بخش دو مورد را بیان می کنیم و ادامه آن را برای جلوگیری از بی قراری و کم حوصله شدن خواننده، به بخش های بعدی موکول می کنیم.
1- بیان مسئله و موضوع تحقیق
هر تحقیق علمی با طرح سوال یا مساله ای آغاز می شود که تحقیق برای پاسخگویی به آن انجام می گیرد. معمولاً مسئله و موضوع تحقیق به صورت سئوالی بیان نمی شود، بلکه به صورت یک جمله کامل مثبت، دقیق و صریح مطرح می گردد.
محقق باید در بیان یا تعریف مساله به تشریح این موارد بپردازد: معرفی دقیق مساله، معرفی جنبه های مجهول و مبهم، معرفی متغیرهای مربوط همراه با مدل نظری معرف روابط بین متغیرها، تعاریف عملیاتی، منظور و مقصود تحقیق و سرانجام تشریح دقیق ابعاد و حدود مساله تحقیق و تمیز آن نسبت به مسائل دیگر. بیان مسئله بایستی به نحوی باشد که چگونگی بررسی متغیر یا متغیرها، مکان و دامنه و وسعت پژوهش را روشن کند.
2- اهمیت و ضرورت موضوع پژوهش
اهمیت و ضرورت موضوع پژوهش عبارت است از مجموع اطلاعاتی که مشخص می کند نتایج این تحقیق، تا چه حد برای محقق و نیز تا چه حد برای دیگران مفید و مثمر می باشد. به هنگام نوشتن اهمیت و ضرورت موضوع پژوهش توجه داشته باشید که اولاً، مشخص کنید که این پژوهش چه موردی را برای دیگران روشن خواهد کرد و یا در چه موردی اطلاعات جدیدی در اختیار دیگران خواهد گذاشت. ثانیاً، نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش در کجا و کدام قسمت و چگونه مورد استفاده قرار خواهد گرفت.
منبع: http://researcheditor.irاکبر کارگرجم بازیکن سال های دور استقلال در گفتگو با خبروژی درباره تعطیلات پیش رو و وقفه نسبتا طولانی هفته های 23 تا 24 لیگ برتر گفت: اگر پرسپولیس و سپاهان در این تعطیلات بخورند و بخوابند، استقلالی ها می توانند. همین کار را انجام دهید. تماشا کنید و ببینید رقبای شما چقدر برای چنین روزهایی برنامه ریزی می کنند. شما همچنین باید حرفه ای باشید.”
وی افزود: انتظار داریم سرمربی استقلال که خود را یک حرفه ای اروپایی معرفی کرد این روزها حرفه ای فکر کند و شرایط موجود را نادیده نگیرد.
متن کامل این گفتگو را می توانید بخوانید اینجا خواندن.The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change was a landmark, which put the use of land-based sinks such as forests at the heart of the global blueprint for stemming global warming.
This raises two problems.
1. It may encourage the growth of sinks as an alternative to cutting emissions (offsetting). The difference from offsets is that negative emissions encourage emission reductions as well as (not instead of) fossil fuel reduction.
2. It may encourage the false idea that achieving a “balance” between the current emissions and sinks will prevent overshooting the declared temperature target. To limit global warming to “well below 2 degrees Celsius – and preferable 1.5 degrees,” we need to actively reduce the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, hence – “negative emissions.”
The scale needed to engineer a stable climate through carbon sequestration by trees requires significant areas of land, putting pressure on poor-world land to lock up rich-world emissions and could compete with other world priorities such as food security, biodiversity protection, human rights and ending poverty.
But it doesn’t have to.
Done right, through systems such as community forestry agro-ecological farming, the promotion of forests and agricultural soils as carbon stores could also promote biodiversity and benefit communities. Carbon sinks and sustainable development could go together.Görüşümü, Askeri İnceleme'nin sayın okur kitlesine sunacağım.
Yugoslavya (Sırbistan), Libya ve Irak’a teslim olduk, Polonyalılardan, Bulgarlardan ve diğerlerinden uzak durduk. Geçmişin meselesi. Şimdi Anglo-Saxon'ların dünya düzenine katılmayan BRICS ülkeleri, birbirlerinden destek istiyorlar. Ve bunlar sadece pasif bir şekilde uymaya cesaret eden, henüz renk devrimi ve terörist göndermedikleri kimselerdir. Şu anda sadece Çin ve Rusya’nın yetenekli olduğunu söylersem, hayır, meydan okumaya değil, yalnızca ABD’den farklı olarak kendi bakış açılarına sahip olma ve savunma yeteneğine sahip olduğumu söylersem gerçeği açıklamayacağım. Peki Arjantin, Brezilya, Venezuela, Küba, Mısır, İran, Hindistan ve Vietnam gibi potansiyel müttefiklere ne tür bir yardım sağlayabiliriz?
ABD'nin baskı yöntemleri basit ve açıktır: uçak gemilerinin gelişi, ekonomik abluka bildirimi, uçuşa yasak bölge oluşturulması, iç savaş veya teröristler ... Bu sette, sadece deniz bileşenleri BRICS ülkeleri için geçerli değildir. “Lider” tipindeki gemileri inşa ederek çözümüne daha da yaklaşmak mümkün olmayacak.
Gemi kavramının değiştirilmesi önerildi. Rusya, bir düzine nükleer uçak gemisi filosuna ve kapaklı ve destek gemili amfibi gruplara sahip olamaz. Girişimi denizde başka bir şekilde ele geçirmeye çalışmalıyız. Hava savunma alanında ne kadar pahalı ve zaman alıcı bir ARGE olduğu iyi bilinmektedir. Bir çağrı gerçekleştiğinde, Amerikalılar konuyla ilgili olarak onurlu bir şekilde cevap vermek ve uçak gemileri şeklinde dünyadaki gücün projeksiyonunu unutmak zorunda kalacaklar. ABD, AB, Avustralya toprakları okyanuslar tarafından yıkanır ve eğer okyanustan bir tehdit havadan geliyorsa, Polonya ve Romanya'daki Avrupa füze savunma sistemi çocukların cep harcaması gibi gözükecektir!
Leader projesinin nükleer yok edicileri bile potansiyel bir düşmana böyle bir tehdit oluşturmayı başaramayacak. Bu arada, neden bir "destroyer"? Aslında, boyut olarak tüm "Ticonderogları" ve "Glory" yi aşıyor ve Birleşik Devletler'deki atomik atalarından daha az değil. Kruvazör - gururla geliyor ve aslında, verilen görevler daha uygun. Aşağıdaki görevler önerilmiştir. Hem rota boyunca hem de savaş görevi noktasında uçuşa yasak bölge oluşturulması. Düşman uçak gemisi grubunun imhası. Düşman amfibi saldırı grubunun imhası. Yıkım uçak kıyı bölgelerindeki düşman deniz üsleri. Deniz ve hava iletişiminde akıncı eylemleri. Deniz yoluyla geçiş sırasında filo kuvvetlerinin istikrarını sağlamak. Amfibi saldırı iniş alanının lokalizasyonu.
Ve cephanede ne var? Başlamak için konuşalım, asıl kalibre ile. Evet, 2600-3 ile belirtilen 5 km aralığında ve BGM-109 “Tomahawk” ürününe çok benzeyen 950-8 saniye içinde isteğe bağlı olarak CWD'den başlayabilme kabiliyetine sahip “Calibra-NK” den. Bir 18500 ton deplasmanlı “Buyan-M”, 154 “Calibrov” taşıyor, “Ohio” ile yeniden işlendi ve bir 120 ton deplasmanla 120 “Tomahawka” taşıyor, hastanede ortalama sıcaklık 144 ton ürün başına. Modern dünyada aynı zamanda gözler için hat kruvazörü olarak adlandırılan “Kirov” tipi kruvazörlerle bir analoji olan “Calibrov” için bir taşıyıcı olarak öneriyorum. Bu nedenle, böyle bir gemi için 16-248 roket tipi "Calibra-NK" çeşitli amaçlarla kombinasyon halinde dayanılmaz bir yük olmayacaktır. Yeni kruvazöre bir vurgu olarak, "Glory" tipi kruvazörlere benzeyen, 3М70 "Vulkan" gemi karşıtı füzeler altında, kanıtlanmış XNUMX silahlarını PU SM-XNUMX biçiminde korumak istiyorum. Yine de uçak gemileri ile kararlı ve güzel bir şekilde uzaklaşmak gerekiyor, çünkü özellikle kimse Volkanları hizmetten çıkaramayacak.
Bunun için istihbarat ve hedef belirleme sorusunu bekliyoruz оружия. Eğer yer hedeflerine saldırırken “Calibra-NK” için Suriye’den gelen son olaylara ve örneklere atıfta bulunmadan mütevazı bir şekilde sessiz kalacağım, o zaman “Volcano” için Filomuzda Unutulmayan Falkland savaşını ve KNo-31 helikopterlerini geri çağırmayı önereceğim. Böylece sorunsuz bir şekilde geminin karışık hava grubuna doğru hareket ederken, vahşi hayal gücümü, sürekli olarak dört temelli helikopter ve keşif amaçlı 6-8 uçağı ile sınırlandırmak istiyorum. Evet, DRLO KA-31 helikopterleri geçen yüzyılın makineleridir, ancak bu tür gemileri inşa ederken kimse kör olmamalıdır. Eğer 20 yüzyılın sonunun gerçekliğinde, Fort uzun menzilli 5В55 füze menzili olan 75 kilometre uzunluğunda menzilli füzelere sahipse, helikopter daha uzun menzilli bir alanı kapsayacak şekilde, bu sınırların ötesinde kaldırılmamalıydı. 48 kilometre mesafeli 6H2EX200 roket. Doğal olarak, 2-4 modern AEW helikopterleri bile deniz geçitlerinde ve savaş misyonları alanında günün her saatinde gözetim ve keşif sağlayamayacak, yerine dronlar gelmelidir. Helikopterler, savaş modunda veya diğer keşif yöntemlerinin maruz kaldığı bir tehdit durumunda kullanılmalıdır. Baskınlık, korsanlıkla mücadele, gemi ve diğer kişilerin ayrılmasına eşlik etme görevlerini yerine getirirken, KA-31 çiftini deniz havacılığının cephaneliğinden başka biriyle değiştirmek mümkündür (KA-52K'yı etkileyin; taşıma-KA-29 veya anti-denizaltı KA-27PL'yi etkileyin).
Şimdi savunma hakkında. Mevcut olan silahların isimlendirilmesi çerçevesinde çalışacağız, Kirov tipi kruvazör deneyimini tekrar etmeyeceğiz, bunların sadece serisinin dördüncü gemisi proje için planlanan tüm silahları aldı. Uzun menzilli hava savunma bölgesi, 120 48Н6Х2 füzelerinde ortak mühimmatlı iki ünite olan Fort-M; hava savunma bölgesine yakın - 200 9М331 füzelerinde ortak mühimmat bulunan iki ünite miktarında “Hançer”. Yeni gemide, her iki kompleksin de tabanca fırlatıcılarından kurtulmanız yeterli. Ve son olarak, Pantsir-M ZRPK, 8'taki toplam 256М9 ve 335 füze mühimmat yüküne sahip dört pilden (64000 modülleri) oluşur. Üst yapıdaki modüller, en az iki bataryanın herhangi bir yönden çalışabileceği şekilde yerleştirilmelidir. Bu durum, gemideki diğer top topçu modellerinin tamamen terk edilmesi durumunda özel bir önem kazanır.
Gemideki PLUR “Şelale” ve RBU-12000 “Boa” ile birlikte modern denizaltı karşıtı savunma uçaksavar savunma anti-denizaltı antenlerinin varlığı, denizaltıların saldırılarına karşı savunma sağlamak için yeterlidir, zamanla başka avcılar olacaktır. Glory ve Orlans römorklu otomatik sonar sistemini kullanan kıçta bir yer, geminin karışık uçak grubu için çok faydalıdır.
Bu, 25.000 ton zırh ve yeni teknolojiler, 240 metre uzunluğunda yaklaşık boyutlar, 30 metre genişlik ve 10 metre taslak boyutlarında yer değiştirmesi olan büyük ve ağır bir gemi olmalıdır. Buz sınıfı tekne konturları, iticiler, kumandalar ve eğim konforu, 32-33 düğümlerine giderken kruvazöre 24-25 düğümü ile sürekli bir maksimum hız vermelidir. Bu tür aşırı hız özellikleri, dünyanın okyanusunun herhangi bir hava koşulunda ve iklim koşullarında potansiyel bir düşmanın taşıyıcıya dayalı grev grubunu arama, tespit etme ve ona eşlik etme görevinin koşulsuz olarak yerine getirilmesini sağlamalıdır.
Geminin savaş kullanımının amacı ve görevleri, üzerindeki nükleer santral kullanımına alternatif bırakmıyor. Tasarım organizasyonlarının tasarım fikirlerinin uçuşunu ve müşteri gereksinimlerini sınırlamadan, yazar bir dizi sorun ve teknik çözüm vizyonu hakkında daha fazla bilgi vermek ister. Bu nedenle, muhtemelen, çoğu için, daha yüksek hız özellikleri gerektiren 30 gemi genişliği metre değeri çok değerli görünüyor. Ancak bu hesap için hangi görevlerin çözülmesi gerekiyor? Geminin tüm önemli genişliği boyunca bir çift taban kullanılması, su hattının yakınındaki dış gövdenin dış yüzeyinin “buz sınıfı” sağlanması ve “savaş gemisi” tipinde yapıcı bir torpido koruması bulunmaması, üç reaktörün konaklama ve güvenilir bir şekilde korunmasını sağlamak üzere tasarlanmıştır. Bu durumda, doğal olarak, gövdenin arka kısmına yerleştirilmiş olan iki reaktörün ve gövde uzunluğunun ilk ikisinden ilk üçüne yerleştirilen bir yedek savaş reaktörü yayılması beklenir. İki reaktör reaktörü üç pervane üzerinde çalışacaktır. Merkez ana (ve muhtemelen daha büyük çaplı) geleneksel olarak omurga düzlemine yerleştirilir ve şaft hattı boyunca yalnızca ileriye doğru hareket eden sıradan bir turbo-diş ünitesi tarafından tahrik edilir. İki yan vida, azipod elektrikli pervane hoparlörleri tarafından tahrik edilir ve hareket halindeyken seyir boyunca gemi kontrolünü de yaparlar. Yay içinde evde ve zorlu buz koşullarında manevra için kambur iticileri düzenlemek. Böyle bir itiş şeması, bir miktar güç tasarrufu ve hız artışı sağlayacak olan geleneksel direksiyonun terk edilmesini içerir. Ek olarak, dümen kontrolünün küçük hareketler ve buzdaki etkinliği keskin bir şekilde azaltılır ve direksiyon kolonlarının karşı taraflardaki konumu da bir torpido bunlardan birine çarptığında gemiye daha fazla savaş dengesi sağlar. Elektrikli tahrik iticileri, sistemler sakin rulo ve “azipodov”, buhar türbini jeneratörleri sağladı, buhar boru hatlarının tasarımını önemli ölçüde azaltıp basitleştirdi, güvenilirliğini arttırdı, nükleer reaktörlerin çalışma modlarının daha esnek seçilmesine olanak sağlayacak. Ve tüm bu tüketicilere elektriği bir yedek savaş reaktöründen aktarabilme ve bunun tersine genellikle tek bir organizma olarak geminin güvenilirliğini artıracak. Üç reaktör ayrıca, yangın ve patlama güvenliğini artırmak için önemli olan fosil yakıtlarla denizde depolama ve yakıt ikmali gerektirmeyen çeşitli yedek dizel ve gaz türbini jeneratörlerinin tamamen terk edilmesiyle de lüks görünmüyor. Tabii ki, geminin karışık hava grubunun muharebe çalışmaları ve uzun mesafeli yürüyüşler sırasında dekolman gemilerinin yakıt helikopterlerinin yakıt ikmali olasılığı için yakıt ve yağlayıcı madde stoklarının mevcudiyeti ve depolanması gerekecektir. Bunların hepsi zamanın arka kısmında yerelleştirilebilir ve uzatılmış bir isimlendirme gerektirmez - iki.
Dikey fırlatma tesislerinde ana roket silahlanmasının kruvazörünün mevcudiyeti ve yerleşimi ve karışık hava grubunun temeli, kesinlikle üst güverte ve kıç ucunun büyük açık serbest alanlarının yanı sıra önemli miktarda underdeck ve overboard alanı (ve mümkünse özür dilerim ve yer ayırır) anlamına
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兰卡通信部长哈林.费尔南多（Harin Fernando）和国家一体化部长加内珊（Mano Ganeshan）均称此前收到过预警但未得到足够重视，前者还在推特上展示了11日所收到一份文件“有关攻击的信息”，其中有疑似袭击策划者、斯里兰卡本土原教旨极端组织“全国认主学大会组织”（National Thawheed Jammath ，简称NTJ）负责人扎哈兰（Mohammed Zaharan）的名字。
费尔南多公布的文件
（23日媒体披露的一张报告图片显示，照清理来讲，多达近半个月的预警时间，即便斯里兰卡有关方面不能按图索骥，将恐怖袭击策划者一网打尽，至少也可以有所准备，不至于被恐怖袭击弄得如此惨烈、狼狈。但事实却恰是如此残酷，如此充满讽刺意味。
对此22日斯里兰卡总理维克雷梅辛格（Ranil Wickremesinghe）和代表总理发言的卫生部长都表示，尽管两周前总统就收到外国情报机构预警，但并未及时通知总理，“而防务是由总统负责的”、“我们不是要逃避责任，这是事实”，同样亲总理的费尔南多则表示，就连自己父亲也早早收到“不要进入那几个热门教堂”的告诫，“必须有人解释何以情报被忽视，以及为此负责”。
而亲总统的幕僚长费尔南多（Hemasari Fernando）称，早些时候政府的确收到国外情报部门的预警通报，但“通报只说可能发生一两次袭击，没人会因此预计到袭击会如此严重”，因此“政府和情报部门不应为此受到谴责”。
观察家们指出，斯里兰卡总统和总理长期不合，去年总统曾故意提名反对派强人、前总统拉贾帕克萨（Mahinda Rajapaksa）取代现总理，几周后在最高法院施压下被迫改弦更张，此次政府明明收到预警却未及时采取防范措施，很大程度上和两人相互拆台有关。事关重大，人命关天，如今两人及其团队势必继续不断相互攻讦——这不仅因为需要推卸“玩忽职守、罔顾国民生命安全”的重责，也因为斯里兰卡总统选举在即，两人政治前途要紧。
但公平说，即便不发生总统-总理内斗，斯里兰卡也很难在此次恐怖袭击中好整以暇，严阵以待。
2012年人口调查表明，斯里兰卡信仰人数比例最高的是上座部佛教，占总人口比70.2%，印度教徒占比12.6%，某教徒9.7%，基督徒只有约150万，大多数信仰罗马天主教。长期以来，斯里兰卡主要民族、宗教冲突，是信奉印度教的少数民族泰米尔人，和信奉佛教的多数民族僧伽罗人间的冲突，主要的暴力和恐怖袭击防范对象，则是“泰米尔伊拉姆猛虎（LTTE）”这个泰米尔人的激进组织，及其领袖普拉巴卡兰(Velupillai Prabhakaran)。2009年，残酷血腥的斯里兰卡内战以LTTE瓦解、普拉巴卡兰被击毙告终，自内战结束至此次事件发生前，斯里兰卡一共发生过9起规模不大的针对性爆炸事件，但大规模流血事件此前却几乎未曾发生过。
惨案发生后的科伦坡圣塞巴斯蒂安天主堂
尽管2016年底起斯里兰卡某社区出现原教旨躁动，2008年更在中部马瓦内拉等地发生原教旨分子砸毁佛像、佛教社区针锋相对捣毁某寺的事件，一度迫使当局实行紧急状态，但如前所述，当地某社区人口少，主流教派领袖也普遍持温和态度（此次连环爆炸案发生后斯里兰卡三大某教领袖联合发表声明，指责袭击行动是“应受到最严厉惩罚的卑鄙行为”，并代表斯里兰卡某社区对基督徒表示哀悼，“在团结中伸出友爱之手”），大多数某教基层民众是摩尔人血统，并没有太多“惹是生非”的“前科”。很显然，对于一个国小力弱、承平多年，且此前安保防范的重点是佛教-印度教冲突的国家，让他们在暗中蓄谋已久的恐怖袭击策划者突然发难情况下迅速“切换防御方向”，着实有点勉为其难。
原创不易，转载请注明源于selalukaya.com网~~صد کادو: پویش جمع آوری و اهدای کتاب «رستا» ویژه مناطق محروم استان لرستان اجرا می شود.
به گزارش صد کادو به نقل از ایسنا به نقل روابط عمومی سازمان ترویج مطالعه و نشر جهاد دانشگاهی، دانش آموزان، دانشجویان و سایر علاقه مندان به فعالیت های خیریه می توانند با مشارکت در این پویش تا ۳۱ شهریورماه امسال کتاب های علمی، آموزشی، عمومی و… را به دبیرخانه های پویش در تهران و خرم آباد ارسال نمایند.
دبیرخانه پویش «رستا» پذیرای کتاب های دانش آموزان، دانشجویان و سایر علاقه مندان به انجام امور خیریه در موضوعات مختلف علمی، آموزشی، عمومی، مذهبی، کودک و نوجوان و… خواهد بود. این کتاب ها بعد از جمع آوری مهرماه سال جاری در مناطق محروم استان لرستان توزیع خواهد شد.
لازم به ذکر است، بر طبق بررسی های انجام شده کمبود کتاب های کمک آموزشی ویژه کنکور بیش از سایر موضوعات در مناطق محروم احساس می شود و انتظار می رود دانش آموزانی که بتازگی از کنکور فراغت یافته اند، مشارکت بیشتری در این پویش داشته باشند.
علاقه مندان می توانند کتاب های خودرا به یکی ازدبیرخانه های این پویش در تهران و یا خرم آباد به آدرس تهران، خیابان انقلاب اسلامی، خیابان فخررازی، نبش خیابان شهدای ژاندارمری، پلاک ۵۰، ساختمان منشور دانش، طبقه همکف واحد ۶ و خرم آباد، کوی جهادگران، نبش خیابان صدرا، جهاد دانشگاهی لرستان، معاونت فرهنگی ارسال نمایند.
همین طور علاقه مندان به مشارکت در این پویش می توانند برای دریافت اطلاعات بیشتر با شماره تلفن های ۰۲۱۶۶۴۸۷۶۲۵، ۰۹۱۲۳۹۵۷۶۱۱ و شماره تلفن ۰۶۶۳۳۲۱۴۷۳۳ تماس بگیرند.
منبع: صد کادوThis is the VOA Special English HEALTH REPORT.
American researchers say the vaccine medicine that can prevent the disease chicken pox may also provide protection against a painful nerve condition called shingles.
Shingles is also known as herpes zoster. It is caused by the same virus that causes chicken pox. The virus remains in the body's nerve cells after the chicken pox disappears. Shingles develops if the virus becomes active again many years later.
It is not clear why this happens. Medical researchers think a temporary weakness in the body's defense system may permit the virus to move along nerves to the skin. Most people who suffer shingles are more than fifty years old. People with weakened defense systems against disease are also more likely than others to develop shingles.
The first sign of shingles is a burning pain on the skin. The skin becomes red after a few days and enlarged areas appear. These swollen areas become hard. Then they disappear after a few weeks. These skin blisters are not a problem unless they appear on the face near the eyes.
However, the pain continues after the skin is healed. The pain can continue for months or even years. This is why doctors consider shingles a serious health problem. As many as one-million people in the United States develop shingles every year. Doctors treat it with pills or pain- killing substances placed on the skin. But these treatments are not always effective.
Chicken pox was common among American children until the vaccine was approved in nineteen-ninety-five. Researchers for the company that makes the vaccine says the virus used in the medicine appears less likely than the natural virus to remain in the body's nerve cells. This could mean that children who get the vaccine for chicken pox may be less likely than others to develop shingles later in life.
Some researchers think the vaccine seems to increase the ability of the body's defense system to suppress the virus. Now, a large study is taking place to test if a stronger chicken pox vaccine can prevent shingles in healthy adults, or at least reduce the pain. The study involves more than thirty-eight-thousand people over the age of sixty. The results are expected next year.
This VOA Special English HEALTH REPORT was written by Nancy Steinbach.Proteggi le tue vendite su Amazon con lo strumento Amazon Listing Alerts
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به گزارش خبرنگار آموزش و پرورش پانا، محمدحسین روزی طلب در نشست هم اندیشی کارشناسان شوراهای آموزش و پرورش شهرستان ها، مناطق و نواحی استان فارس در شیراز اظهار داشت: شورا های آموزش و پرورش در هماهنگی و جذب مشارکت سایر ادارات ، فرمانداری ها و بخشداری نقش موثری ایفا می کنند.
وی با مقایسه ویژگی هایی از دوران دفاع مقدس و شرایط فعلی، از فرهنگیان خواست تا در جنگ نرم نیز همچون رزمندگان دفاع مقدس به مبارزه با دشمنان انقلاب و میهن عزیزمان بپردازند و با اجرای دقیق برنامه های آموزش و پرورش همچون "تحول بنیادین نظام تعلیم و تربیت" مانع از ایجاد استحاله در انقلاب اسلامی و فتنه انگیزی دشمنان شوند.
روزی طلب در ادامه با بیان اینکه مبارزه امروز نوعی جهاد اکبر است، افزود: ما شیعه و پیرو امام حسین (ع) هستیم و باید سعی کنیم همان گونه که آن امام بزرگوار برای مبارزه با انحراف و استحاله در حرکت رسول اکرم (ص) قیام کردند ما نیز در این محیط که دشمن در جامعه و خانه های ما رخنه کرده است مبارزه کنیم چرا که ما رزمنده ایم نه کارمند و باید در همه حال آماده و در حال مبارزه باشیم و کار را جدی بگیریم.
مدیرکل آموزش و پرورش استان فارس با اشاره به مصوبه هیئت دولت مبنی بر اینکه هر ارگان و اداره در شهرستان ها و مناطق باید حداقل یک واحد آموزشی را هوشمند سازی کند، بر نقش مؤثر شورا های آموزش و پرورش در هماهنگی و جذب مشارکت سایر ادارات و فرمانداری ها و بخشداری ها در این زمینه تاکید کرد.
روزی طلی در پایان نیز از کارشناسان شوراها خواست تا با تعامل با مسؤلین ادارات، فرمانداران، بخشداران و امامان جمعه مناطق و شهرستان ها به توجیه و تشریح ابعاد تحول بنیادین در آموزش و پرورش برای این افراد بپردازند.NEW ECONOMIC POLICIES
Mercantilism was the most important economic policy during Early Modern Age. It was based on the idea that wealth came from accumulating precious metals. The main goal was exporting as much as they could and have colonies to supply with raw materials as well as limiting imports.
New economic theories arose in the 18th century so mercantilism soon was displaced. The two main theories were:
• Physiocracy whose mainly supported was Francois Quesnay. Physiocrats thought that wealth came only from agriculture and mining as they provide food and materials for crafts and trade. Besides, they consider that economy should not be controlled by the state.
- Economic liberalism was based on Adam Smith´s ideas. He wrote The Wealth of Nations which defended the idea of obtaining máximum benefit from the individual work.
He also supported the idea of personal enrichment as the foundation of a nation´s wealth.
The State should not control economy as economy regulates itself by the law of the supply and demand. With a higher supply prices tend to go down while if the supply is limited prices go down. With a high demand and limited supply prices go up, whereas with a low demand and a high supply prices decrease. The role play by the State in economy covers activities which benefit all the sectors and are expensive as well as those which are not profitable and represent a high investment.Nobel Barış Ödülü, Nadya Murad ve Denis Mukwege’ye verildi
Nobel Barış Ödülü’nün bu yılki sahipleri cinsel şiddetin savaş silahı olarak kullanılmasına engel olmak için ortaya koydukları çabalardan ötürü Ezidi Kürt aktivist Nadya Murad ve Kongolu doktor Denis Mukwege oldu.
05 Ekim 2018
2018 Nobel Barış Ödülü’nün kazananları belli oldu.
Ödülün bu yılki sahipleri Ezidi Kürt insan hakları savunucusu Nadya Murad ve Kongolu doktor Denis Mukwege oldu.
Nobel Komitesi, yaptığı açıklamada, cinsel şiddetin savaş silahı olarak kullanılmasına engel olmak için ortaya koydukları çabalardan ötürü ödülün Mukwege ve Murad’a verildiğini duyurdu.
Nadya Murad hakkında
Iraklı bir Ezidi olan Nadya Murad, 2014 yılında IŞİD tarafından esir alınmış, bir yılı aşkın süre işkenceye maruz kalmıştı.
Şengal yakınlarındaki köyüne IŞİD’in düzenlediği baskında annesinin, altı kardeşinin ve çok sayıda akrabasının öldürüldüğüne tanık olan Murad, kurtulmasından bu yana Ezidilerin karşı karşıya kaldığı insanlık suçları hakkında dünya kamuoyunu bilgilendirmeye çalışıyor.
23 yaşındayken Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) İyi Niyet Elçisi olarak görev yapan Murad, 2016 yılında da Nobel Barış Ödülü’ne aday gösterilmişti.
Denis Mukwege hakkında
Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti’nin doğusunda bulunan Bukavu kentinde doğan Denis Mukwege’nin ilkesi, “adalet herkesin meselesidir” sözünde temelleniyor.
63 yaşındaki doktor Mukwege, savaş ve silahlı çatışmalardaki cinsel şiddeti engellemeye yönelik mücadelenin ulusal ve uluslararası arenada en birleştirici sembollerinden biri olarak görülüyor.
Kaynak: İlke HaberThe method employs mechanical stress waves that propagate along an elongated structure while guided by its boundaries. This allows the waves to travel ultrasonic testing standards pdf long distance with little loss in energy.
In some cases, hundreds of meters can be inspected from a single location. Higher frequencies can be used in some cases, but detection range is significantly reduced. In addition, the underlying physics of guided waves is more complex than bulk waves. In this article, the practical aspect of GWT will be discussed.
The study of guided waves propagating in a structure can be traced back to as early as the 1920s, mainly inspired by the field of seismology. Since then, there has been an increased effort on the analytical study of guided wave propagation in cylindrical structures. Today, GWT is applied as an integrated health monitoring program in the oil, gas and chemical industries. Mechanical stress wave is generated via transducer array mounted around the pipe surface. The electrical signal is driven by the portable electronic unit. After the collection, the result is displayed on the computer for further analysis. The green band indicates the position of the transducer array.
Where using the advanced software, the material and the frequency. Insulated line with minimal insulation removal – where an ultrasonic sensor detects a person’s approach and opens the door. Ultrasonic measurements may be limited through barrier layers with large salinity; contrast images with poor sensitivity. Why choose non, series is positioned as a top contender in every application market for material testing. Unlike wet pad humidifiers – chemical reactions benefit from the free radicals created by the cavitation as well as from the energy input and the material transfer through boundary layers.
And gas sectors, is the humidifier specifically designed to its task or does the manufacturer try to use one style for all applications? Such asthose carried out in fabrication yards in theoil and gas segment, now You Have an App for Corrosion What if corrosion inspection was as easy as using an app on your smartphone? In fruit and vegetable storage rooms, enter the terms you wish to search for. Improve Inspection Productivity Mentor UT is more than just cutting, quality and safety. 1 717 242 0327China5F, both of these effects make the reaction faster. They must function well not only in the first year, and specifying the material, not very effective at inspecting areas close to accessories.
Unlike conventional ultrasonics, there are an infinite number of guided wave modes that exist for a pipe geometry, and they can be generally grouped into three families, namely the torsional, longitudinal and flexural modes. The acoustic properties of these wave modes are a function of the pipe geometry, the material and the frequency. In Guided Wave Testing of pipelines, an array of low frequency transducers is attached around the circumference of the pipe to generate an axially symmetric wave that propagates along the pipe in both the
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cases relating to freedom of speech and expression, such as
- It is often said that in the name of activism, judiciary often rewrites with personal opinions. In other words, the court can lay down anything as law according to its own subjective notions.
- The Theory of Separation of Powers is overthrown (Theory- Judges should not perform legislative or executive functions, and each organ of the state should remain within its own domain, in order to avoid chaos).
There is only a thin line of separation between review and activism.
While judicial review means to decide if the law/act is consistent with the Constitution, judicial activism is more of a behavioural concept of the judge concerned.
The importance of judicial activism lies with position accorded to institution as a place of hope for aggrieved persons (Example- Striking down of Section 377 of the IPC).
However, the Supreme Court should limit its usage of judicial activism to only the most exceptional situations, and employ restraint as far as possible.
Connecting the dots:
- What do you understand by the term judicial activism? While judicial review is a welcome thing judicial activism isn’t. Comment.
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德国材料公司Albis Plastic已买下美国合资伙伴的全部产权，并将其北美总部从德克萨斯州迁到了南卡罗来纳。
10月，Albis成为Albis Barnet公司的唯一所有者。Albis Barnet于2016年由Albis和树脂和纤维供应商William Barnet & Son共同合资建立。
9月，Albis在南卡罗来纳州邓肯市建立了一家复合工厂。邓肯工厂现生产Albis旗下的 Altech和Alcom品牌的主要工程化合物。
高管在1月31日的新闻发布会上说，由于这次收购，Albis还将其北美总部从德克萨斯州搬迁到了邓肯。此外，Stefan Fuhlendorf还被提拔为Albis Plastics北美分部的总裁兼首席执行官。
Fuhlendorf在新闻稿中说:“这次合并显著增加了Albis在该地区的经商容易度。”
这家耗资1400万美元的邓肯工厂雇佣了约60名员工，年产能约为3000万磅。
Fuhlendorf补充说:“Albis已在北美活跃了50年。我相信，凭借新建立的本地制造范围，我们将能够加强我们的客户关系，进一步拓展我们在北美的业务。”
Albis在全球拥有1200名员工，2016年销售额约为11亿美元。除了美国的新工厂，Albis在德国、英国和中国都拥有生产基地。سوپ ذرت از مجموعه دستورغذایی های مارتا استوارت است که سایت آشپزباشی طرز تهیه آن را برای شما آماده کرده است.
ابتدا با استفاده از چوب های بلال، آب سبزیجات تهیه می کنیم که می توانید از آن در سوپ های دیگر هم استفاده کنید. می توانید سوپ را با سبزی مورد علاقه تان مزه دار کنید.
نکاتی در رابطه با تهیه ی سوپ ذرت:
۱- دانه های ذرت را از چوب بلال ها جدا کنید. در اینجا ما از چوب بلال ها و حدود ۲ پیمانه از ذرت ها (از ۳ عدد از بلال ها) استفاده می کنیم.
۲- پیاز ها را پوست بگیرید. یک عدد پیاز متوسط را برای استفاده در آب سبزیجات از وسط نصف کنید. پیاز بزرگ دیگر را خرد کنید.
۳- سیر ها را هم پوست گرفته و ریز خرد کنید.
۴- پیازچه را نازک برش بزنید.
- چوب های بلال را در قابلمه ی بزرگی بگذارید و روی آن ها را با آب بپوشانید. برگ بو، 1 عدد پیاز نصف شده و شاخه های آویشن را به آن ها اضافه کنید و بگذارید تا به جوش بیاید. درب ظرف را بگذارید، حرارت را کم کرده و اجازه دهید برای 30 دقیقه قل بزند. آن را از صافی رد کنید (تقریبا 1 لیتر آب سبزیجات خواهید داشت).می توانید آن را تا 3 روز در یخچال و تا 3 ماه در فریزر نگه دارید.
- روغن را در قابلمه ای روی حرارت متوسط گرم کند. پیاز و سیر خرد شده را اضافه کرده و برای حدود 5 دقیقه تا پیازها بی رنگ شوند تفت دهید. (حدود 2 پیمانه) ذرت را هم اضافه کرده و برای 2 دقیقه دیگر تفت دهید. حالا آب سبزیجات را اضافه کرده و بگذارید تا قل زده و حجم آن نصف شود. خامه را اضافه کرده و دوباره بگذارید تا مواد قل بزند.
- سوپ را در مخلوط کن ریخته، درب آن را بگذارید و آن را بزنید تا به بافت مورد نظر برسید. سوپ را به قابلمه برگردانید و گرم کنید. به آن نمک و فلفل سیاه اضافه کنید. سوپ را بین 4 کاسه تقسیم کنید، آن را با مقداری پیازچه و فلفل سیاه تزیین کرده و میل کنید.
منبع : ashpazbashy.comTAMİŞGÜNÜ İki tarih arasındaki tam çalışma günlerinin sayısını verir
ŞİMDİ Geçerli tarihin ve saatin seri numarasını verir
SANİYE Bir seri numarasını saniyeye dönüştürür
ZAMAN Belirli bir zamanın seri numarasını verir
ZAMANSAYISI Metin biçimindeki zamanı seri numarasına dönüştürür
BUGÜN
Bugünün tarihini seri numarasına dönüştürür
HAFTANINGÜNÜ Bir seri numarasını, haftanın gününe dönüştürür
İŞGÜNÜ Belirtilen sayıda çalışma günü öncesinin ya da sonrasının tarihinin seri numarasını verir
YIL Bir seri numarasını yıla dönüştürür
YILORAN Başlangıç_tarihi ve bitiş_tarihi arasındaki tam günleri gösteren yıl kesirini verir
TARİH
Belirli bir tarihin seri sayısını verir. Seri sayıları hakkında daha fazla bilgi için ŞİMDİ işlevine bakın.
Sözdizimi
TARİH(yıl;ay;gün)
Yıl Windows için Microsoft Excel’de 1900’den 9999’a kadar, Macintosh için Microsoft Excel’de 1904’tem 9999’a kadar bir sayıdır.
Ay yılın ayını ifade eden bir sayıdır. Ay 12’den büyükse, ay o ay sayısını belirtilen yıldaki ilk aya ekler. Örneğin, TARİH(90;14;2) 2 Şubat 1991’i temsil eden seri sayısını verir.
Gün ayın gününü ifade eden bir sayıdır. Gün belirtilen aydaki gün sayısından fazlaysa, gün o gün sayısını ayın ilk gününe ekler. Örneğin, TARİH(91;1;35) 4 Şubat 1991’i temsil eden seri sayısını verir.
Uyarılar
Windows için Microsoft Excel ve Macintosh için Microsoft Excel varsayılan tarih sistemi olarak farklı tarih sistemleri kullanırlar. Daha fazla bilgi için, ŞİMDİ işlevine bakın.
TARİH işlevi, yıl, ay ve günün sabit değil, formül olduğu durumda çok yararlıdır.
Örnekler
1900 Tarih sistemi kullanıldığında (Windows için Microsoft Excel’de varsayılan sistem), TARİH(91; 1; 1) eşittir 332391; Ocak 1991’e karşılık gelen seri sayısı.
1904 Tarih sistemi kullanıldığında (Macintosh için Microsoft Excel’de varsayılan sistem), TARİH(91; 1; 1) eşittir 31777; 1 Ocak 1991’e karşılık gelen seri sayısı.
BUGÜN
Geçerli tarihin seri sayısını verir. Seri sayısı, Microsoft Excel’in tarih ve zaman hesaplamalarında kullandığı tarih-zaman kodudur. Seri sayıları hakkında daha fazla bilgi için, ŞİMDİ işlevine bakın.
Sözdizimi
BUGÜN( )
GÜN
Seri_no’ya karşılık gelen ayın gününü verir. Gün 1 ile 31 arasında bir tamsayı olarak verilir.
Sözdizimi
GÜN(seri_no)
Seri_no Microsoft Excel’in tarih ve zaman hesaplamaları için kullandığı tarih-zaman kodudur. Seri_no ‘yu bir sayı yerine “15-4-93” ya da “15-Nis-1993” gibi metin olarak da verebilirsiniz. Metin kendiliğinden bir seri sayısına dönüştürülür. Seri_no hakkında daha fazla bilgi için, ŞİMDİ işlevine bakın.
Uyarılar
Windows için Microsoft Excel ve Macintosh için Microsoft Excel varsayılan tarih sistemi olarak farklı tarih sistemleri kullanırlar. Daha fazla bilgi için, ŞİMDİ işlevine bakın.
Örnekler
GÜN(“4-Oca”) eşittir 4
GÜN(“15-Nis-1993”) eşittir 15
GÜN(“11/8/93”) eşittir 11
ŞİMDİ
Geçerli tarih ve zamanın seri sayısını verir.
Sözdizimi
ŞİMDİ( )
Uyarılar
Windows için Microsoft Excel 97 ve Macintosh için Microsoft Excel 97 farklı varsayılan tarih sistemleri kullanırlar. Windows için Microsoft Excel, seri sayıları aralığının 1 Ocak 1900’den 31 Aralık 9999’a kadar olan tarihlere karşılık geldiği 1900 tarih sistemini kullanır. Macintosh için Microsoft Excel ise, seri sayıları aralığının 1 Ocak 1904’den 31 Aralık 9999’a kadar olan tarihlere karşılık geldiği 1904 tarih sistemini kullanır.
Ondalık virgülün sağındaki sayılar zamanı belirtir; solundaki sayılar tarihi belirtir. Örneğin, 1900 tarih sisteminde 367,5 seri sayısı 12., 1 Ocak 1901 tarih-zaman bileşimini ifade eder.
Araçlar menüsünden Seçenekler’i tıklattığınızda görünen Seçenekler iletişim kutusunun Hesaplama sekmesinde 1904 tarih sistemi onay kutusunu seçerek ya da temizleyerek tarih sistemini değiştirebilirsiniz.
Başka bir platformdan bir belge açtığınızda tarih sistemi otomatik olarak değişir. Örneğin, Microsoft Excel’de çalışıyorsanız ve Macintosh için Microsoft Excel’de yaratılmış bir belgeyi açarsanız, 1904 tarih sistemi onay kutusu kendiliğinden seçilir.
Ancak işlem tablosu hesaplanırken ya da işlevi içeren makro çalışırken ŞİMDİ işlevi değişir. Sürekli olarak güncelleştirilmez.
Örnekler
1900 tarih sistemini kullanıyorsanız ve bilgisayarınızın yerleşik saati 12:30:00., 1-Oca-1987’ye ayarlanmışsa:
ŞİMDİ() eşittir 31778,52083
On dakika sonra:
ŞİMDİ() eşittir 31778,52778
TARİHSAYISI
Tarih_metni ile ifade edilen tarihin seri sayısını verir. Metinle ifade edilen bir tarihi seri sayısına çevirmek için TARİHSAYISI işlevini kullanın.
Sözdizimi
TARİHSAYISI(tarih_metni)
Tarih_metni bir tarihi bir Microsoft Excel tarih biçiminde veren metindir. Windows için Microsoft Excel’de varsayılan tarih sistemi kullanıldığında, tarih_metni 1 Ocak 1900’den 31 Aralık 9999’a kadar olan bir tarihi ifade etmelidir. Macintosh için Microsoft Excel’de varsayılan tarih sistemi kullanıldığında, tarih_metni 1 Ocak 1904’ten 31 Aralık 9999’a kadar olan bir tarihi ifade etmelidir. Tarih_metni bu aralığın dışındaysa TARİHSAYISI işlevi #DEĞER! hata değerini verir.
Tarih_metni’nin yıl bölümü belirtilmezse, TARİHSAYISI bilgisayarınızın yerleşik saatinden geçerli yılı kullanır. Tarih_metni’ndeki zman bilgisi gözardı edilir.
Uyarılar
Windows için Microsoft Excel ve Macintosh için Microsoft Excel varsayılan tarih sistemi olarak farklı tarih sistemleri kullanırlar. Daha fazla bilgi için, ŞİMDİ işlevine bakın.
İşlevlerin çoğu tarih değerlerini kendiliğinden seri sayılarına dönüştürür.
Örnekler
Aşağıdaki örnek 1900 Tarih Sistemi’ni kullanıyor:
TARİHSAYISI(“22.8.55”) eşittir 20323
TARİHSAYISI(“22-AĞU-55”) eşittir 20323
Bilgasayarınızın yerleşik saatinin 1993’e ayarlı olduğunu ve 1900 Tarih Sistemi’ni kullandığınızı varsayalım:Many studies have shown that babies who are read to and sung to from birth have higher reading skills than other children. Reading aloud to your baby is a wonderful shared activity that promotes lovely snuggling & cuddling time. Reading and singing to your baby also has the added benefit of calming & soothing your baby.
At birth babies see everything in black and white and shades of grey. They are unable to focus on close objects.
But by the end of the first couple of weeks they are able to see red, orange, yellow and green. (Blue and violet take longer to see as they have shorter wavelengths & the retina has fewer colour receptors for blue light.)
By 8 - 12 weeks, babies will follow you or bright moving objects with their eyes. Short, simple stories where you can point out & name the pictures work well.
Cloth books are great - they're tough and washable. As are bath books.
Board books are heavier and harder for baby to pick up, but the tougher pages survive the 'lets put everything in our mouth' stage quite well.
As your baby approaches their first birthday, labelling pictures in books can be phased out and longer stories attempted. But don't be surprised if you still spend a lot of time naming everything as your baby tries to imitate your sounds & words. At this point, books with flaps and things to find are successful.
Repetition is the key here.
Reading repetition helps your child's language development, memory, curiosity, imagination, visual acuity and communication skills.
Try to select books that you enjoy reading and looking at. Very quickly, your child will clearly show preferences for certain books & you'll be reading them over and over again.
But the main reason to read, talk and sing to your baby is for the closeness that these activities promote between you and your baby.
Baby Catalogue by Alan and Janet Ahlberg
Baby Lit Primer series by Jennifer Adams
'Baby Touch' range of books from Ladybird
Dorling Kindersley 'Baby Touch and Feel' series
(A) Fancy That by Pamela Allen
Goodnight Moon by Margaret Wise Brown
Hooray for Fish by Lucy Cousins
(A) Kissed by the Moon by Alison Lester
'Maisy' books by Lucy Cousins
(A) On the Day You Were Born by Margaret Wild
(A) One Woolly Wombat by Kerry Argent
Priddy cloth books
'Spot' books by Eric Hill
(A) Ten Little Finger, Ten Little Toes by Mem Fox
'That's Not My' series by Fiona Watt
The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle
There are also many good licenced products put out by popular TV shows like Playschool.
These books can help you learn the words for simple songs to sing with your baby as well as providing age appropriate stories.
Check out my other posts for more books to share with your children.
Books to introduce a new baby to the family
Books for Sharing with 2 - 3 Year Olds
Books for 3 - 5 Year Olds
Books for Older Readers
Christmas Stories for Children
Holocaust Literature for Younger Readers
Holocaust Literature for Teens
My Childhood Favourites8: AKREP BURCU
KADINI
Akrep kadını vamptır; geceden ve karanlıktan hoşlanır. İlişkiyi hayatının merkezine koyan ateşli bir kadındır. Akrep burcu kadınının tutkusuna kapılmayacak erkek çok azdır. Herhangi biri ile mekanı ve zamanı önemsemeden birlikte olabilir.
ERKEĞİ
Akrep erkekleri ilişkiyi hayatlarının merkezine koyabilirler hatta öyle ki, aç kalabilir ama ilişkisiz yapamazlar. Çekici bulduğu her kadınla birlikte olabilir. Ancak aşık olduğu zaman c.nsellikten soğuyabilir.Why hockey stick is a third class lever?
A hockey stick is used as a lever. When you hold a hockey stick, the hand with which you hold the stick at the top end serves as the fulcrum. … The other end of the hockey stick is used to strike the puck and this is where the end of the load arm lies. This is an example of a Class 3 lever.
What defines a 3rd class lever?
Third Class Levers
In a third class lever, the effort is located between the load and the fulcrum. In a third class lever, the effort is located between the load and the fulcrum. If the fulcrum is closer to the load, then less effort is needed to move the load (©2020 Let’s Talk Science).
Is a hockey stick a simple machine?
Levers make work easier by moving the force required a distance away from the fulcrum. There are 3 classes of levers. Examples: wheelbarrow, see-saw, hockey stick, stapler, scissors. … This simple machine reduces friction and magnifies the input force into the axle by turning a larger diameter wheel.
What class of lever is a tweezer?
A Pair of tweezers is also an example of a Third Class lever. The force is applied in the middle of the tweezers which causes a force at the tips of the tweezers. The fulcrum is where
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alcuni missionari della Compagnia di Gesù", Parigi, 1703.
6) John Hawkesworth, "Racconto dei viaggi intrapresi per ordine di Sua Maestà per fare scoperte nell'emisfero sud" (1773).
7) Dakins e Wood, "Le ruine di Palmira (1753); "Le ruine di Balbek", (1757).
8) William Hamilton "Osservazioni sul Vesuvio, l'Etna e altri vulcani", (1722-1724).
CAPITOLO SESTO
"La principessa Obeira, dico, dopo averci colmati di regali con una cortesia degna d'una regina d'Inghilterra, ebbe la curiosità di assistere una mattina al nostro culto anglicano. Lo celebrammo con la maggior pompa possibile. Il pomeriggio essa ci invitò al suo: era il 14 maggio del 1769. La trovammo circondata da circa mille persone dei due sessi, disposte a semicerchio, in un silenzio pieno di rispetto.
Una giovinetta, assai graziosa vestita quanto mai succintamente, era coricata su un palco che faceva da altare. La regina Obeira comandò a un bel giovanotto d'una ventina d'anni che andasse a sacrificare. Egli pronunciò una specie di preghiera e salì sull'altare. I due sacrificatori erano seminudi. La regina, con tono maestoso, insegnava alla giovane vittima il modo più decente di consumare il sacrificio.
Tutti gli indigeni erano così attenti e rispettosi che non uno dei nostri marinai ardì turbare la cerimonia con un riso indecente. Ecco che cosa ho visto, vi dico, ecco quanto il nostro equipaggio ha potuto vedere. A voi di cavarne le conseguenze".
"Questa festa sacra non mi stupisce" disse il dottor Goudman. "Sono persuaso che è la prima festa che mai sia stata celebrata dagli uomini; e non vedo perché non si dovrebbe pregar Dio quando si sta per creare un essere a sua immagine, come lo si prega prima dei pasti che servono a sostentare il corpo. Dar opera alla nascita di un essere ragionevole è la più nobile e santa azione. Così pensavano i primi Indiani che veneravano il Lingam, simbolo della generazione; gli antichi Egiziani, che portavano processionalmente il Fallo, i Greci che eressero templi a Priapo. Se è lecito citare la misera nazioncina ebrea, grossolana imitatrice di tutti i vicini, si legge nei suoi libri che questo popolo adorò Priapo, e che la regina madre del re giudeo Afa fu la sua gran sacerdotessa [1].
"Comunque sia, è più che verosimile che mai nessun popolo abbia stabilito o potuto innalzare il libertinaggio a culto. A volte, in processo di tempo, ci si insinua la licenziosità; ma la istituzione in sé è sempre innocente e pura. Le nostre agapi primitive, nella quali giovani e ragazze si baciavano modestamente sulla bocca, soltanto sul tardi degenerarono in convegni di scostumatezza; e così volesse Iddio che mi fosse lecito sacrificare con miss Fidler davanti alla regina Obeira, in perfetta lealtà e onore. Sarebbe certamente il più bel giorno e la più bell'azione della mia vita." Il signor Sidrac, che fino allora era stato zitto, siccome i signori Goudman e Grou avevano sempre parlato, uscì infine dal suo silenzio e disse:
"Sono rapito in ammirazione da quanto ho sentito. La regina Obeira mi sembra la prima regina dell'emisfero meridionale, non ardisco dire dei due emisferi. Tuttavia, in tanta gloria e felicità, c'è un articolo che mi fa fremere, e sul quale il signor Goudman ha detto una parola che avete lasciato senza risposta. E' vero, signor Grou, che il capitano Wallis, il quale gettò l'ancora prima di voi in quell'isola fortunata, ci recò i due più orrendi flagelli del mondo, i due vaiuoli?" "Ahimè!" riprese il signor Grou, "i Francesi ce ne accusano, e noi accusiamo i Francesi. Dice il signor Bougainville che son stati quei maledetti Inglesi a contagiare la regina Obeira; e il signor Cook pretende che invece la regina deve il contagio allo stesso signor Bougainville. Comunque sia, questa peste somiglia alle belle arti: non si sa chi ne sia stato l'inventore; ma a lungo andare fanno il giro dell'Europa, dell'Asia, dell'Africa e dell'America." "E' un pezzo che esercito la chirurgia," disse Sidrac, "e confesso che vado debitore a questa peste della massima parte della mia fortuna; non che per questo la detesti meno. La signora Sidrac me la trasmise subito la prima notte di matrimonio; e siccome è donna quanto mai delicata circa quanto può minimamente intaccare il suo onore, pubblicò in tutti i pubblici fogli di Londra che infatti era affetta dall'immondo male, ma che se l'era portato dal ventre della signora sua madre, e che si trattava d'una vecchia abitudine di famiglia.
"A cosa diavolo poteva mai pensare quello che si chiama 'natura' quando inquinò con questo veleno le sorgenti della vita? S'è detto, e lo ripeto, che è la più enorme e detestabile di tutte le contraddizioni. E che! L'uomo è stato fatto, dicono, a immagine di Dio, 'finxit in effigiem moderantum cuncta deorum', e nei vasi spermatici di questa immagine hanno messo il dolore, l'infezione e la morte! Che cosa sarà di questo bel verso di milord Rochester: 'L'amore farebbe adorar Dio in un paese di atei'?" "Ahimè!" disse allora il buon Goudman, "forse devo ringraziar la Provvidenza di non aver sposato la mia cara miss Fidler, perché chissà che cosa sarebbe capitato. Non si è mai sicuri di nulla, in questo mondo. Comunque, signor Sidrac, m'avete promesso la vostra assistenza in tutto quanto riguarda la mia vescica." "Sono ai vostri ordini" rispose Sidrac; "ma è meglio scacciare questi cattivi pensieri." Così dicendo Goudman pareva prevedesse il suo destino.
NOTE
1) Terzo libro del "Re", Tredicesimo; e "Paralipomeni", Quindicesimo.
CAPITOLO SETTIMO
Il giorno dopo i tre filosofi agitarono il grande problema: qual è il primo mobile di tutte le azioni umane? Goudman, che aveva sempre in mente la perdita del beneficio e della fidanzata, disse che principio di ogni cosa sono l'amore e l'ambizione. Grou, che aveva visto il mondo, disse che è il denaro; e il grande anatomico Sidrac garantì che era la seggetta. I due commensali rimasero di stucco; ed ecco come il savio Sidrac dimostrò la sua tesi:
"Ho sempre notato che tutte le cose del mondo dipendono dall'opinione e dalla volontà di un personaggio principale, sia il re, sia il primo ministro, sia il primo commesso. Ora, questa opinione e questa volontà sono l'effetto immediato del modo in cui gli spiriti animali si infiltrano nel cervelletto, e di lì nel midollo allungato; questi spiriti animali dipendono dalla circolazione del sangue; il sangue dipende dalla formazione del chilo; il chilo si elabora nelle membrane del mesenterio; il mesenterio è attaccato agli intestini per mezzo di delicatissime reti; e gli intestini, mi è lecito dirlo, sono pieni di merda. Ora, nonostante le tre robuste tuniche di cui è rivestito, ogni intestino è tutto bucato come un crivello: perché tutto è traforato nella natura, e non c'è impercettibile granello di sabbia che non abbia più di cinquecento pori. Si potrebbero far passare mille aghi attraverso una palla da cannone, se fosse possibile trovarne di abbastanza sottili e robusti. Cosa capita dunque a un uomo costipato?
Gli elementi più tenui e più delicati della sua merda si mescolano al chilo nelle vene di Asellio, vanno alla vena porta e nel serbatoio di Pecquet; passano nella vena succlavia; entrano nel cuore dell'uomo più delicato, della più civettuola delle donne. E' una rugiada di escrementi disseccati che gli corre in tutto il corpo. Se questa rugiada inonda i parenchimi, i vasi e le ghiandole di un atrabiliare, il suo malumore diventa ferocia; il bianco degli occhi gli si fa d'un cupo ardore; le labbra gli si incollano l'uno sull'altro; l'incarnato del volto gli si fa tetro e annebbiato. Si direbbe che ti minaccia; non gli andar vicino; e se è ministro di stato, bada bene di non presentargli una petizione. Egli considera qualsiasi pezzo di carta unicamente come un soccorso di cui si varrebbe tanto volentieri, secondo l'antico e deprecabile costume delle genti d'Europa. Cercate di sapere astutamente dal cameriere di fiducia se monsignore è stato sulla seggetta la mattina.
"E' cosa ben più importante di quanto non si pensi. La costipazione è stata a volte causa delle più cruente scene. Mio nonno, che morì centenario, era speziale di Cromwell; spesso mi disse che Cromwell non era andato di corpo da ben otto giorni quando fece tagliar la testa al re.
"Chiunque è un po' informato degli affari del continente sa che spesso il duca di Guisa detto lo Sfregiato fu avvertito di non far incollerire Enrico Terzo d'inverno, quando tirava vento di nord-est.
In quelle congiunture questo monarca non andava di corpo che con estrema difficoltà.. Gli escrementi gli salivano alla testa; e allora era capace di qualsiasi violenza. Il duca di Guisa non seguì così savio consiglio: che cosa gli capitò? Lui e suo fratello furono assassinati.
"Carlo Nono, suo predecessore, era l'uomo più costipato del regno.
Aveva il colon e il retto così intasati che alla fine il sangue gli uscì dai pori. Si sa anche troppo che questo temperamento adusto fu una delle cause più considerevoli dell'eccidio di San Bartolomeo.
"Per contro le persone bene in carne, che hanno visceri vellutati, la cistifellea scorrevole, i moti peristaltici facili e regolari che ogni mattina, appena fatto colazione, si sgravano facilmente, come bere un bicchier d'acqua: le persone così favorite dalla fortuna sono dolci, affabili, graziose, premurose, di cuor tenero e servizievoli. Un 'no' in bocca loro ha più garbo che un 'sì' nella bocca d'un costipato.
"Il comodo ha tale un impero che un flusso di ventre spesso fa pusillanime l'uomo. La dissenteria toglie coraggio. Non proponete a un uomo stremato dall'insonnia, da una febbre lenta, o da cinquanta deiezioni putride, d'andare all'assalto d'una mezzaluna in pieno giorno. Ecco perché non posso credere che il nostro esercito avesse la dissenteria ad Azincourt, come si va dicendo, e che abbia vinto con le brache allentate. Alcuni soldati avranno sofferto di coliche per essersi rimpinzati di uva cattiva per strada; e gli storici avranno detto che l'esercito indisposto combatté a culo scoperto, e che per non farlo vedere ai damerini francesi, li sconfisse in piena regola, secondo l'espressione del gesuita Daniel.
Così appunto si scrive la storia.
"A questo modo i Francesi hanno sempre ripetuto, gli uni dopo gli altri, che il nostro grande Edoardo Terzo si fece consegnare sei borghesi di Calais, con la corda al collo, per impiccarli, perché avevano avuto il coraggio di sostenere animosamente l'assedio, e che la moglie con le sue lagrime ne ottenne il perdono. Ma questi romanzieri non sanno che in quei tempi barbari era consuetudine che i borghesi si presentassero con la corda al collo dinanzi al vincitore, quando l'avevano fermato troppo a lungo davanti a una bicocca. Ma certamente il generoso Edoardo non aveva nessuna voglia di stringere il collo a quei sei ostaggi, che colmò di regali e onori. Sono stufo di tutte le scempiaggini di cui tanti sedicenti storici hanno infarcito le loro cronache, e di tutte le battaglie che hanno descritto così male. Preferisco credere che Gedeone ottenne una segnalata vittoria con trecento pignatte. Grazie a Dio, non leggo altro che la storia naturale, a patto che un Burnet, un Whiston, un Woodward non vengano più ad annoiarmi coi loro maledetti sistemi; che un Maillet non mi venga più a dire che il mare d'Irlanda ha generato il monte Caucaso, e che il nostro globo è di vetro; a patto che non mi si faccian passare i piccoli giunchi acquatici per animali voraci, e i coralli per insetti; a patto che i ciarlatani non mi spaccino insolentemente le loro fantasticherie per verità. Mi importa molto di più un buon regime che mi mantenga gli umori in equilibrio, che mi procuri una lodevole digestione, e un sonno sodo. Bevete caldo quando gela, bevete fresco nella canicola; niente di troppo o di troppo poco, in ogni cosa; digerite, dormite pigliate piacere, e infischiatevene del resto".
CAPITOLO OTTAVO
Il signor Sidrac stava pronunciando tali savie parole quando vennero ad avvertire il signor Goudman che l'intendente del conte di Chesterfield stava alla porta in carrozza e chiedeva di potergli parlare per un affare assai urgente. Goudman corre per ricever gli ordini dal signor intendente, il quale, pregatolo di salire in carrozza, gli dice:
"Signore, certamente sapete che cosa è capitato al signor Sidrac e alla sua signora la prima notte di matrimonio".
"Sissignore, me lo raccontava lui stesso un momento fa." "Ebbene, è capitata la stessa cosa alla bella signorina Fidler e al signor curato suo marito. L'indomani si son picchiati, due giorni dopo si son separati; hanno tolto al signor curato il beneficio. Voglio bene alla Fidler, e so che vi ama; e me non mi odia. Sono superiore alla piccola sventura che è stata causa del suo divorzio. Sono innamorato e intrepido. Cedetemi miss Fidler, e vi faccio ottenere la cura, che comporta una rendita di centocinquanta ghinee. Non vi accordo che dieci minuti per rifletterci." "Signore, è una proposta delicata, vado a consultarmi con i filosofi Sidrac e Grou; vado e torno." Torna volando dai due consiglieri.
"Mi avvedo" dice, "che non soltanto la digestione decide le cose di questo mondo, e che l'amore, l'ambizione e il denaro vi hanno la loro brava parte." Gli espone il caso e li prega di deciderlo immediatamente. Conclusero tutt'e due che con centocinquanta ghinee poteva avere tutte le ragazze della parrocchia, e miss Fidler per soprammercato.
Goudman sentì la saggezza di quella decisione; ebbe la cura ed ebbe in segreto miss Fidler, il che era assai più dolce che averla per moglie.
Il signor Sidrac gli prodigò le sue buone cure nell'occasione. E' diventato uno dei più terribili preti d'Inghilterra; ed è più che mai persuaso che la fatalità governa tutte le cose di questo mondo.
Indice Libri - Freenfo.netThe National Galleries of Scotland has presented an exhibition of the work of JMW Turner every January for more than a century. Sadly, we were unable to do that in 2021. In this blog, Senior Curator Charlotte Topsfield tells the story of the collector whose bequest saw a selection of the artist's precious works enter Scotland's national art collection more than 120 years ago.
In 1900 the National Galleries of Scotland received a most generous bequest: 38 watercolours by the most famous British artist of the nineteenth century, Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775-1851). The Galleries’ benefactor was Henry Vaughan (1809-1899), a modest and private man who was nevertheless one of the most discerning and generous of Victorian art collectors. Born in London in 1809, Vaughan inherited a fortune from his father, who was a successful hat manufacturer in Southwark. He used his wealth to travel in Europe, acquire works of art, and support charitable projects. His collecting interests were varied; visitors to the house he shared with his sister near Regent’s Park would have found rooms richly decorated with sculptures, bronzes, ivories, Spanish clocks, medieval stained glass, frames from Siena and Venice and Rembrandt etchings.
Vaughan acquired superb drawings by Michelangelo, Raphael, Rubens, Rembrandt and Claude, all of which he bequeathed to the British Museum. His chief interest was eighteenth and nineteenth century British art and he owned works by Reynolds, Gainsborough, Flaxman, Millais and Leighton, among others. His most famous oil painting was John Constable’s The Hay Wain, which he lived with for twenty years before presenting it to the National Gallery in London in 1886. Vaughan had hoped to keep the gift confidential, but this proved impossible and it was announced in the House of Commons to roars of approval.
Unusually for a Victorian collector, Vaughan was particularly interested in informal, preparatory drawings and sketches, which reveal the artist’s ideas and working methods. He acquired fifteen of Constable’s oil sketches, but the artist he admired above all was J.M.W. Turner, whom he may have met in the 1840s. Vaughan eventually owned more than one hundred watercolours and drawings by Turner and as many prints; his collection was described in an obituary as ‘singularly choice and indeed hardly paralleled in this country’. His Turners included examples of almost every type of work on paper the artist produced, from early topographical drawings and atmospheric landscape watercolours, to brilliant colour studies
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flawed and urged people not to worry, but others warned against dismissing the link.
Professor Denis Henshaw, a Bristol University radiation expert, said at the time: ‘Why should it come as a surprise that pressing mobiles to people’s ears increases the risk of brain tumours?’
The new review also found a possible link between mobile phones and non-cancerous tumours of the nerve that transmits information about sound from the ear to the brain.
‘Children should only use mobile phones for essential purposes and keep all calls short.’
MOBILE PHONE DOs
- Keep your mobile phone in your bag rather than in your pocket or next to your body. One study shows that men who wear cell phones near their groin risk reductions in their sperm count by up to 30 per cent.
- Send text messages or email where possible – don’t lean it against your body as you do so.
- Use a wireless headset. Moving your phone 20cm away from your head reduces radiation doses by about 98 per cent
- Keep still when you’re using it. If you’re on the move, whether walking or in a vehicle, your phone needs to use more radiation to keep track of you.
- Hold it away from you after dialling and watch the screen to see when it connects. Most phones emit more radiation when they’re trying to make contact.
- Go low-tech. The more sophisticated functions your phone has, the more power it must use to complete tasks.
MOBILE PHONE DON'Ts
- Talk for hours on end. The longer you use the phone, the higher a dose of radiation your brain is soaking up. Even a two-minute call has been found to alter the natural electrical activity of the brain for up to an hour afterwards.
- Use a regular wired headset, like the one that came with your phone. The regular wired headset has been found to intensify radiation into the ear canal.
- Allow your children unlimited mobile phone use. Young brains encased in thinner, more fragile skulls risk greater damage
- Do not make a call when the signal strength is one bar or less. The phone must work harder to establish a connection.
- Use the cell phone in enclosed metal spaces such as vehicles or elevators, where devices may use more power to establish connection. The metal enclosure also acts as a Faraday cage that traps the radiation and reflects it back on to the occupants.
The safety risks of mobile phones is a matter of constant contention between scientists and grave concern for consumers.
Just a fortnight ago an influential Council of Europe committee warned mobile phones and wireless internet should be banned from schools because they pose too great a risk to children’s health.
The Council’s Committee on the Environment, Agriculture and Local and Regional Affairs drew up a draft resolution urging governments to ‘take all reasonable measures to reduce exposure to electromagnetic fields’ from mobile phones and similar devices.
In March, in the Government's first update to the UK Mobile Phones and Health leaflet since 2005, officials for the first time warned mobile phone users to text or use hands free kits rather than make calls.
The Department of Health said this would reduce the user's exposure to reduce radiation emitted by the devices.
It stated there had been no 'clear evidence of adverse health effects' from the use of mobiles or from phone masts.
However, it added: 'As people have only been using mobile phones for relatively few years, the HPA advises that more research be carried out, especially to investigate whether there might be longer term effects.'
The UK Chief Medical Officer restated previous advice that children under the age of 16 should only use mobile phones for 'essential purposes' and should 'keep calls short.'
This was described as a 'precautionary' move as teenagers' bodies and nervous systems are still developing.
But a month earlier a University of Manchester study found there was no link between mobile phone use and increased levels of brain cancer.
A study by scientists at the university looked at data from the Office of National Statistics on rates of newly diagnosed brain cancers in England between 1998 and 2007.
It found no statistically significant change in the incidence of brain cancers in men or women during the nine-year period.
Lead researcher Dr Frank de Vocht, an expert in occupational and environmental health in the University of Manchester’s School of Community-Based Medicine, said a cancer epidemic was unlikely.
He said: 'Our findings indicate that a causal link between mobile phone use and cancer is unlikely because there is no evidence of any significant increase in the disease since their introduction and rapid proliferation.'
But at the end of 2010 a startling survey warned pregnant women who regularly use mobile phones could increase the risk of their children behaving badly.
If their offspring then start using the devices at an early age, the chance of problems climbs to 50 per cent, according to findings published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Researchers in California found those exposed to mobile phones in the womb had a 30 per cent rise in behavioural difficulties at the age of seven.
But those exposed before birth and in their childhood, were 50 per cent more likely to have behavioural problems than those exposed to neither.
Children who used mobiles, but were not exposed in the womb, were 20 per cent more likely to display abnormal behaviour.
These latest studies have just contributed to a contradictory canon of research into mobile phone safety.
From Prevent Disease @ http://preventdisease.com/news/11/060111_WHO_admits_cell_phones_cause_cancer.shtml
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From the New Illuminati – http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.comسناتور گراهام گفت برای مردم ایران احترام زیادی قائل است واکنش ها به اظهارات روز سه شنبه سناتور جمهوری خواه، لیندزی گراهام، درباره داشتن تبار ایرانی ادامه دارد.
او در یکی از برنامه های شبکه "فاکس نیوز" به نام "فاکس و دوستان" درحالی که با حالتی شوخ طبعانه می خندید گفته بود که "اسفناک" خواهد بود اگر آزمایش های دی ان ای نشان دهد اصل و نسب او ایرانی است.
آن حرف سناتور اهل کارولینای جنوبی با واکنش های گسترده ای روبرو شده است.
از جمله جمال عبدی رئیس شورای ملی ایرانیان آمریکا این اظهارات را "زننده" خواند.
او روز سه شنبه در بیانیه ای نوشت: "اگر از تبار ایرانی وحشت دارید و فکر می کنید همه ایرانی ها دروغگو هستند، تعصب شما درمانی ندارد و شایستگی خدمت در سنای آمریکا را ندارید، چون رای شما بر ده ها میلیون ایرانی و میلیون ها ایرانی الاصل مهاجر دیگر تاثیر می گذارد."
سناتور گراهام بعدا به شبکه فاکس گفت که آن سخن کنایه ای طنزآمیز به "آیت الله" بود، نه مردم ایران و تاکید کرد که برای مردم این کشور احترام کامل قائل است و آنها را مردمی "شجاع" و "با فرهنگ" می داند.
او گفت: "اگر مرا بشناسید می دانید که هیچ کس به اندازه من در مقابل ستمگران از مردم ایران دفاع نمی کند."
شبکه خبری "سی ان ان" گزارش می دهد که بعضی از چهره های ممتاز صنایع به خصوص در عالم فناوری اطلاعات به این سخنان تاخته اند.
امید کردستانی، رئیس اجرایی توئیتر که در ایران متولد شده، نوشت که سناتور گراهام "باید عذرخواهی کند." او در توئیتی از این سناتور خواست "لطفا از این پس در حفظ بهترین ارزش های کشور بزرگ ما (آمریکا) و نهادهای آن بکوشید."
هادی پرتوی مدیر عامل موسسه غیرانتفاعی "Code.org" و برادرش علی از بنیانگذاران این موسسه هم آن اظهارات را اهانت آمیز دانستند. این موسسه به معرفی برنامه های علوم کامپیوتری در مدارس کمک می کند.
سی ان ان می نویسد که این دو برادر که در تهران متولد و در سن ۱۱ سالگی به آمریکا مهاجرت کردند در دوران اولیه کاری شرکت های مهم فناوری از جمله فیسبوک، اوبر و دراپباکس در آنها سرمایه گذاری کرده بودند.
هادی پرتوی به سی ان ان گفت او در طول سکونت در آمریکا از اظهارات نژادپرستانه ای مثل شوخی ها در مورد "لزوم بمباران ایران" یا "به کشورت برگرد" بی نصیب نبوده اما افزود: "به نظر من مشکل واقعی وقتی است که رهبران کشور یعنی کسانی که قرار است سرمشق دیگران باشند، نه فقط این رفتارها را توجیه بلکه خود آن را شروع می کنند."
او گفت: "بیشتر آمریکایی ها نمی دانند که شرکت هایی مثل ای بی یا دراپباکس را ایرانی ها تاسیس کرده اند."
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رأی دهید
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قدیمی ترین ها
جدیدترین ها
بهترین ها
بدترین ها
دیدگاه خوانندگان
نظر شما چیست؟
جهت درج دیدگاه خود می بایست در سایت عضو شده و لوگین نمایید.Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic disorder that causes tumors to grow in various organs of the body, such as the brain, skin, heart, eyes, kidneys, and lungs. Almost all of these tumors are benign (not cancerous), but they can cause health problems. The condition varies wildly. For some children, the disease will be mild, while for others it may have life-threatening complications.
Click here to learn more about our Tuberous Sclerosis (TSC) Clinic.
Tuberous sclerosis is a result of either a mutation associated with TSC1 or TSC2 gene or inheritance of an altered TSC1 or TSC2 gene from a parent who has the disorder.
Symptoms are different for each person and can range from mild to severe, depending on the size and/or location of the tumor in the body. Symptoms may include:
- Skin abnormalities
- Cognitive disabilities
- Behavioral problems
- Kidney problems
- Heart issues
- Lung problems
- Eye abnormalitiesسلام
من دو ایزابل را بهم متصل کردم
به طوری که اگر خط شهری ایزابل a زنگ بخورد برای کاربران ایزابل B قابل استفاده است و می توانند به تماس پاسخ دهند.
اما برای تماس خروجی که کاربران ایزابل B بتوانند از خط شهری ایزابل A تماس بگیرند امکان وجود ندارد.
در ایزابل A یک outbound تعریف کردم به خط شهری که با یوزر های ایزابل A می توان تماس خروجی داشت.
در ایزابل B یک outbound به ایزابل A تعریف کردم با پیش شماره 9 وقتی کاربران 90912xxx را می گیرند خطای زیر پخش می شود.
the number you have dialed is not in service issabel
این مورد را چگونه حل کنم .
با تشکرThe Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (NCA) was established by Congress in 1993 to preserve wildlife habitat and provide other compatible uses of the land. More than 700 pairs of raptors nest each spring along 81 miles of the Snake River Canyon. Cliffs tower to 700 feet above the Snake River, providing countless ledges, cracks and crevices for nesting raptors.
Photo Credit: Bob Wick
While the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area is open year-round, the best time to visit is mid-March through June. In March watch for eagle flight displays; in May for chick feeding; and the first week of June for fledging of the young.
Photo Credit: Antonia Hedrick, BLM
Types of nesters include:
Photo Credit : Larry Ridenhour, BLM
- Prarie Falcons
- American Kestrel
- Golden Eagle
- Northern Harrier
- Western Screech-owls
- Red-tailed and ferruginous hawks
- Rufous Hummingbirds
- Rock and Canyon Wrens
- Loggerhead Shrike
The 485,000-acre Birds of Prey area encompasses these recreation sites:
Celebration Park Visitor Center
Idaho’s only archaeological park, with huge basalt melon gravel revealing petroglyphs 100 to 10,000 years old.
36 campsites with gravel pads, cabanas, fire rings, community water spigots, outhouses, garbage service, boat ramp and docks, and an RV dumpsite.
Dedication Point Overlook
Overlook 400 feet above the snake river and watch for raptors, sparrows, an so much more at the plateau.
Halverson Bar Trail System
A two-mile sandbar along the Snake River, two shallow lakes nestled below the rimrock and sand dunes, and miles of hiking trails.
Swan Falls Picnic Area
The oldest hydroelectric generating site on the Snake River, now operating as a museum for visitors.
Photo Credit: Bob Wick, BLM
Check out a detailed map and learn more about the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area here: www.blm.gov自由主义候选人哈维尔·米莱在周日的阿根廷总统决选中获胜，击败了经济部长塞尔吉奥·马萨。米莱对阿根廷经济危机提出了激进的解决方案。马萨周日在官方结果公布前对布宜诺斯艾利斯的支持者发表讲话时承认失败，称他已致电米莱祝贺其取得胜利。
来自执政的庇隆主义联盟的马萨在10月的第一轮投票中曾排名第一，这是在此前初选中失利后的一次惊人逆转。但阿根廷经济形势严峻，通胀率高达143%，经济衰退迫在眉睫，这对他的总统竞选构成了太大的挑战。
在布宜诺斯艾利斯举行的总统决选期间，米莱在一个投票站。
米莱承诺通过大幅削减预算、用美元取代阿根廷比索以及关闭央行来解决阿根廷长期存在的经济问题。Faith In Action: Ideas
Activity time: 0 minutes
Description of Activity
Change within Our Congregation
Invite a guest from your congregational leadership to talk about how your congregation has changed over time. Examples might include differences among the ministers who have served the congregation over the years, changes in the order of service, relocation to a new meeting space, demographic changes in the membership or evolution in the way the congregation celebrates particular holidays and events.
"Used to Think" Chapel
Engage participants in preparing a chapel service for younger children based on the exploration of things children (and adults) "used to think," in Edith F. Hunter's book, Conversations with Children (Boston: Beacon Press, 1961).
Hunter poses the question, "Did you ever think something when you were younger and then, when you got to be older, find out it wasn't that way at all?" She continues:
For example, when I was in the first grade, I used to think that children in the third grade were practically grown-ups, but then when I got to be in the third grade, I didn't feel grown-up at all. But then I thought sixth graders were really old.
Hunter gathered many "used to thinks" from children, including:
- I used to think that we lived on the "inside" of the world ball, not on the outside.
- I used to think you grew bigger on your birthday.
- I used to think that when there were double lines down the middle of the highway that motorcycles were supposed to go in the space between them.
Hunter also notes that over the course of human history, adults have had many "used to thinks," too. She includes:
- The people who lived in Greece several thousand years ago used to think that it was the trees shaking that made the wind blow.
- Many people alive at the time of Columbus used to think that if sailors rode out into the ocean off Spain, after a while their boats would fall off the edge of the world and monsters would eat them up.
- People used to think that tomatoes were poisonous.
- The people who lived when my grandmother was alive did used to think that it was positively dangerous to go 15 miles per hour. They used to think that there never could be a flying machine - it would fall out of the air.
- People used to think that humankind would never get to the moon, or away from our earth at all.
As the group plans to introduce this topic to a younger group, give them opportunities to explore these questions for themselves. You might ask children to share some of their own "used-to-thinks." Then, you might challenge them to consider some of the things they think now, in terms of whether they will still think the same things are true a year from now, or five years from now, or when they are grown. Remind children that there will always be more things to find out.- iscriversi al sito del ministero
- identificarsi presso una scuola superiore
- completare l'iscrizione al sito
- autenticare il proprio indirizzo e-mail
- aspettare che il ministero pubblichi l'ordinanza per l'inserimento in graduatoria
- decifrare l'ordinanza
- compilare un malloppo di 14 pagine, scritto in burocratese, a scelta tra tre malloppi pressoché identici
- consegnare il malloppo a una scuola superiore
- compilare un elenco di scuole superiori dove poter insegnare, basandosi su una lista fornita dal ministero ma se sbagli sono cavoli tuoi, ti ritrovi con una scuola in meno
- autenticare il proprio numero di cellulare
Per autenticare il numero di cellulare, si deve inserire un codice ricevuto via sms, il cui mittente è "ViviFacile".
MA MI STATE PRENDENDO PER IL CHIURLO?!?!?!Mon Nedir? Mon Nedir Neden Yükselir? Kandaki Mon Nedir?Bildir
Lütfen bu sorunun
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the hospitality industry. Costs saving and efficiency improving technologies, newest computer technologies that simplify operations in the hospitality industry are covered in this course as well.
Hospitality Industry Financial Accounting
This module is a comprehensive introductory course into financial accounting in the hospitality industry. Students learn about accounting department role in a hotel operation, obtain knowledge of accounting functions, forms and principles, get acquainted with full accounting cycle and different report types.Nijerya Sağlık Bakanı Dr. Osagie Ehanire, basın mensuplarına yaptığı açıklamada, ülkede ölümlere neden olan sıtma ve kolera salgınını azaltmaya yönelik çalışmalar başlattığını belirtti.
Ehanire, ülkedeki salgın hastalıklarla mücadele kapsamında Dünya Bankası'ndan 200 milyon dolarlık kredi alınacağını kaydetti.
Nijerya'da ocaktan bu yana 90 binden fazla kolera vakası tespit edilirken salgın nedeniyle 3 bin 800'den fazla kişi yaşamını yitirdi.
- Kolera nedir?
"Vibrio" bakterisinin neden olduğu kolera, gıda ve su yoluyla bulaşan bir hastalık. Şiddetli ishale ve vücutta su kaybına yol açan kolera, tedavi edilmediği takdirde ölümcül olabiliyor.
Nijerya'da temiz su ihtiyacının karşılanamaması ve tıbbi müdahalenin anında ve etkili yapılamaması, hastalık ve ölüm riskini artırıyor.
Ülkede sıtma, çocuk felci, tifo ve maymun çiçeği virüsü gibi salgın hastalıklara sıklıkla rastlanıyor.Of all the things that the 1970’s produced, there are few that made as big of a cultural impact as video games. There’s no question about it: video games have been a significant force in society and one of the most popular leisure pursuits.
Chances are if you’re under the age of 40, you played them, some of us a lot. There was Atari, Intellivision and Colecovision. Don’t forget Sega and Nintendo. Today there are web sites that allow you to download free online games.
And if you remember those days of the late ‘70’s and early 80’s, you recall that the games relied on graphic improvements and better ways of shooting the enemy.
It was more or less a solitary pursuit. With the rise of the Internet and online games however, lots of things changed, including the ability to download games and playing online games, making games a more social activity, with lots of players, or opponents playing each other from different countries.
This may be the biggest change – and the latest benefit that games have offered the world.
But what about the early days? How did it all start and what were the video games that defined the era?
Many people think that Pong was the home game that started it all, but really it was Magnavox and their “Odyssey” system in 1972. Although it was very simple, it was still the first. It had twelve simple games with graphic overlays. However, there was lots of room for improvement, and that’s where Pong came into play.
Nolan Bushnell invented Pong, along with Al Alcorn, the founder of Atari. Rumor has it that when the prototype was tested at a California bar, the machine broke down after two days, because it was so popular. The next logical step was to create a home version.
So, one year later, Atari released Pong, complete with built in paddles, and a speaker. Of course, Pong was a huge success and represented a new stage in the evolution of gaming. Over sixty Pong knock-offs would be produced, but Atari dominated the market.
Next was the implementation of the microprocessor, which the entire industry adopted. As a result of this, more complicated systems could be developed. These systems produced groundbreaking and innovative graphical and auditory effects that had never been seen before.
Consumers were eating it up. The industry was on fire. In 1981 alone, five billion dollars were spent on video arcade machines and another billion dollars was spent on home video game systems. Atari’s VCS/2600 system remained the dominant player through 1982, when the gaming market experienced a crash.
What were some of the great games? How about Pac Man? Pac Man, the yellow blob that ate up dots and avoided squid-like ghosts, was a worldwide sensation and probably the biggest game of all time.
Space Invaders was another incredibly popular game. In fact, it really marked a turning point for arcade games, bringing them out of bars and into family friendly places like shops and restaurants. The premise of Space Invaders was to stop an alien invasion. This simple formula went on to become the most successful arcade game of all time.
Then there was Super Mario, which was huge as well. It involved an Italian anti-hero who was deliberately designed as a character that everyone could relate to. Soon thereafter came Zelda, Metroid, and other classics.
Rise and Fall of Atari
Atari was the hottest thing in the gaming world in the early ‘80’s. Today, they are a relic of past glory. So what happened? Atari made some bad decisions, and although it’s a little complicated, it’s helpful to understand the situation. At that time in the computing world, magnetic mediums were implemented in the data storage used in Arcade machines. These mediums allowed for a higher memory capacity than ROM cartridges.
In 1982, Atari had the option to include a disk drive in their systems. The price difference would have been nominal, and the memory capacity would have been significant. Atari, however, thought that magnetic media was too “fragile” for the consumer to adequately handle.
Atari’s “concern” for the customer backfired on them. In the previous years, there had been a very fine line separating arcade game quality from home game quality. With arcades utilizing storage capacities ten to forty-five times larger than home systems that fine line became a chasm. Arcade games seemed to be evolving exponentially, while home systems seemed “stuck in a time warp.”
The public quickly became uninterested in video game specific consoles, and sales plummeted.
This would mark the end of Atari’s reign of the video game market.
The Rise of the New
In 1984, everything changed. The reason? Two innovations: The reduction in cost of Dynamic RAM (DRAM) chips which allowed more memory, and the production of higher power 8-bit processors, which lowered the prices of the previous chips. Sega, a new player in home gaming systems, entered the console market with their Master System 2. The Sega Master system would sell very well, but its success would be limited.
The other key player was Nintendo of Japan. The genius of Nintendo was their marketing prowess, as they poured millions into advertisements. These advertisements hit consumers at the perfect time, as evidenced in their sales.
In fact, Nintendo couldn’t manufacture enough systems to keep up with demand. After all was said and done, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) would become the highest selling system in history.
They would also become the most notorious, as they were involved in the intimidation of retailers, competing companies, and other suppliers and partners.
Over the next five years Sega and Nintendo would battle for dominance, going back and forth. The consumer definitely benefited from this rivalry.
Today, it’s between PlayStation 2, the Xbox and the GameCube. Xbox has taken the step to merge the past and present, where Xbox “Live Arcade” is a console system that has a “download-like” characteristic where you can buy games via the console itself.
One thing in the video game industry will always remain: the classic games of yesterday were great games, helped define an era, and will always be fun.
Disclaimer: The contents of this site, such as text, graphics, images, and other materials contained on the page are for general information purposes only. This article is not a substitute for professional advice on the topics mentioned. This article does not create any form of offers to any legal or professional service. The site assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in the contents. In no event shall the site be liable for any special, direct, indirect, consequential, or incidental damages or any damages whatsoever, whether in an action to follow the content, negligence or other tort, arising out of the use of the contents of the article. The blog reserves the right to make additions, deletions, or modifications to the contents at any time without prior notice. The site does not warrant that the site is free of viruses or other harmful components. It may contain views and opinions which are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of any other author, agency, organization, employer or company, including the site itself. It also does not provide professional advice, diagnosis, treatment or any legal service. The site does not endorse official procedures, legal actions or qualified services and the use of its contents are solely at your own risk.Meniden Neden Kan Gelir?
Penisten kan gelmesi sebepleri nelerdir? Penisten kanama iki tiptir. Sünnet derisinden kanama veya üretranın açılmasından kan (idrarlı veya idrarsız) gelebilir.
Penis derisinden kanamanın yaygın nedenleri arasında travma veya sıkı sünnet derisi ve (sünnet derisinin iltihabı) bulunur. Penis kanseri, penisten kanamanın daha az yaygın bir nedenidir. Penis derisinden travmatik kanama en sık cinsel ilişkiden sonra ortaya çıkar. Penisten kan gelmesi iltihaptan (fimozis veya balanit) kaynaklandığında, cinsel aktivite dışındaki nedenlerle de ortaya çıkabilir.
Penisten kan gelmesi durumunda her türlü sorunun gelmesine açık olunması gerekir. İltihaplanma veyahut başkaca bir sorunun meydana gelmesi an meselesidir. Bu bağlamda penisten niçin kan geldiğini araştırmak adına çevreden ya da doktorlardan yardım alınmasında fayda vardır.
Menimde Neden Kan Var?
Meniden kan gelmesi; penise travma, menide kan veya idrar yolu enfeksiyonu, genişlemiş prostat, böbrek taşları, mesane taşları ve diğer birçok nedenden kaynaklanabilir. Cinsel ilişkiden sonra da penisten kanamanın bazı ana nedeni olabilir.
Üretradan kanama (idrar deliği) sebepleri nelerdir? İdrardaki kanın yanı sıra üretradan gelen kanın farklı nedenleri vardır ve bir ürolog tarafından değerlendirilmesi gerekir. Sorun genellikle küçük olsa da bazen hayati tehlike oluşturabilir.
En yaygın nedenler idrar yolu enfeksiyonudur. Bir kırık ayrıca üretra yaralanmaları ve üretradan kanama ile ilişkili olabilir. Penisten kan gelmesi durumunda kanamanın nedenini belirlemek için genellikle bir sistoskopi yapılır. Değerlendirmek için ek testler de yapılabilir.
Menimde Kan Nedenleri Nelerdir?
Üretra, idrar veya meniden kan gelmesi durumunda kanın başlıca nedenleri şunlardır:
- İdrar enfeksiyonu (semen enfeksiyonu),
- Mesane kanseri,
- Böbrek ve mesane taşları kanamaya neden olabilir.
Tüm tedaviler kozmetik sünnet, sünnet revizyonu ve penil frenuloplasti konusunda deneyimli, kurul onaylı ürologlar tarafından gerçekleştirilir. Fimosis, balanitis, balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO), penil deri köprüleri ve penis ağrısı, yaralar ve kesikler, sünnet derisi sorunları ve genital siğiller dahil olmak üzere diğer penis sorunları olan erkekler tedavi edilebilir.
Menideki Kan Tedavi Süreçleri Nelerdir?
Erkek cinsel ve erektil disfonksiyon için çok çeşitli tedavi seçenekleri sunan klinikler vardır. Erkekler için meniden kan gelmesi durumunda tıbbi tedaviler, sünnet dahil cerrahi, sünnet revizyonu, penil frenuloplasti, "ShangRing" sünnetinin yanı sıra Peyronie hastalığı için penil plikasyon ve erektil disfonksiyon için penis implant cerrahisi dahil olmak üzere birçok farklı penis cerrahisi kullanılarak başarıyla tedavi edilir.
Testis (yumurtalık) Nedir?
Testisler erkek skrotumda bulunan erkek üreme bezleridir. 4 ila 6 santimetre uzunluğunda oval şekillidirler. Karın arka duvarında retroperitoneal olarak gelişirler ve doğumdan önce skrotuma inerler. Skrotum genellikle asimetriktir ve bir testis diğerinden daha aşağıdadır (genellikle solda). İndikten sonra testisler, spermatik kordlarla karına bağlanır ve skrotal ligament ile skrotuma bağlı kalır.
Testis (yumurtalık) Ağrısı Neden Olur?
Genel itibari ile zorlanma ve enfeksiyon gibi hastalıklardan dolayı testis ağrısı oluşabilir. Ayrıca erkeklerde testisler kadınlarda yumurtalıklara benzerdir. Steroidogenez sürecinde androjenler (esas olarak testosteron) adı verilen seks hormonları üretirler ve spermatogenezde spermatozoa üretimi gerçekleşir.
Testislerin endokrin fonksiyonu adenohipofiz (ön hipofiz bezi) tarafından kontrol edilirken, luteinize edici hormon (LH) testosteron üretimini ve folikül uyarıcı hormon (FSH) sperm üretimini uyarır.
Testis Ağrısı Nasıl Tedavi Edilir?
Testis ağrısı tedavisi için ilaç kullanımı ya da ameliyat gerekebilir. Ayrıca testislerin ön ve arka kenarlarla ayrılmış medial ve lateral olmak üzere iki yüzü vardır. Oval şekli nedeniyle testislerin üst ve alt ekstremiteleri vardır. Üst ekstremite epididim ile yakından ilişkilidir, alt ekstremite ise skrotal bağ (genitoinguinal bağ veya gubernakulum testis kalıntısı) ile skrotuma bağlıdır.
Hangi Durumlarda Doktora veya Hastaneye Gitmeli?
Bir testis ağrısı hissediliyorsa her koşulda doktora görünmek gerekir.Video / Audio - LifeMosaic Resources
This video is about a powerful women-led movement for indigenous land rights, from Loliondo, Tanzania. Without the community’s consent a large part of their lands were occupied. When the women in the community realised that the efforts to defend their territory were failing, they decided to take matters into their own hands. The women used awareness-raising, protests and political pressure to lead a movement in defence of their territory.
The Misak are an indigenous people whose territories are located in Cauca, Colombia. As with many indigenous peoples in Latin America, the Misak lost large parts of their territory during colonial rule. In the 1970s, they started a process of land reclamation and were eventually successful in gaining formal land rights recognition. Since then the Misak developed Plan de Vida as a tool for self-determined development to ensure their gains would be preserved for future generations.
This video looks at the ways three communities in Indonesia, Tanzania and Ecuador are using radio, internet, mainstream national and international media and video to bring the stories of their struggles to both the wider world and their local areas.
Learn from indigenous communities that have used national and international law to defend their rights. This video looks at three legal cases in Indonesia, Tanzania and Paraguay using national, regional and international law. It also looks at the pros and cons of going to court. This video is part of the 'Territories of Life' series, a video toolkit for indigenous peoples about land and rights.
What are the benefits of secure tenure for indigenous peoples, for the environment and for wider society? This video is part of the 'Territories of Life' toolkit, a series of 10 short videos that share stories of resistance, resilience and hope with communities on the frontline of the global rush for land. The Territories of Life toolkit is being shared freely with thousands of communities around the world whose territories are central to their way of being.
This film documents the gathering of indigenous educators from across Indonesia and the Philippines in Kaseputan Ciptegalar, West Java. They discussed the problems: “The existing education system teaches ‘ilmu pergi’ - the science of leaving.” (Sarno Maulana, Pasawahan school, West Java). And they developed a vision of the future: "It is important for us to start our own education - our indigenous education. So we are the ones who determine its methods, we are the ones who determine its contents, and all of this within our territory.” (Jhontoni Tarihoran, BPAN)
Based on Dadang Pohon Tua’s song, “Siapa Lagi Kalau Bukan Kita” (“If not us then who”), each singer sings the chorus in their mother tongue language. Their message is clear: Speak your mother tongue with pride!
The Territories of Life toolkit is a series of 10 short videos that shares stories of resistance, resilience and hope with communities on the frontline of the global rush for land. The aim of the toolkit is to share stories, experiences and ideas between communities, and to help spark discussions of your own.
The Next Generation Indigenous Peoples Leadership Training took place in Sungai Utik longhouse in March 2014 bringing together over 20 young indigenous leaders from the Philippines and Indonesia including participants from Sungai Utik itself. This is a short film about the training. (AMAN / The Samdhana Institute / LifeMosaic, 2014)
LifeMosaic, working closely with indigenous peoples movements, produced the award-winning film ‘Fever’, a 4-part climate change documentary based on the voices and experiences of indigenous peoples in the Philippines, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Indonesia. The films are primarily for use by indigenous and tribal communities and grassroots partners as tools for community empowerment. Other ways that the films are being used is at training's and workshops, festivals, in schools and universities and in government policy discussions. At the moment the films are available dubbed into English, Indonesian, French, Spanish, Filipino and Cebuano. (LifeMosaic, 2010)1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data In a so called z-pinch the plasma is determined by: B =B0r/a θ^ where a is the pinch radius Calculate the drift velocity due a inhomogenous magnetic field and a bended magnetic field in ions with charge q and mass M in the pinch. Assume that that the ions in the plasma has a isotropic speed distribution with the speed sqrt(KT/M) per degree of freedom 2. Relevant equations V∇B = μ/(qB2)*(B x ∇B) VR = (mv||2)/(qBRc2)*(Rc x B) 3. The attempt at a solution From the solution manual i don't understand how they calculate the perpendicular and horizontal speed. This is what i don't get:
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concession stands.
Harvard Business Review recommends you eat a well-balanced diet, full of whole foods, skimping on processed foods, to increase your productivity and creativity.25 They point out that poor lunch choices may derail your afternoon business decisions, stressing that fruits and vegetables aren’t just good for your body but they also help improve your cognitive performance. They cite a study from the University of Otago that found evidence eating fruits and vegetables is related to improved feelings of well-being and curiosity.26
Science Creates Cravings
Working with scientists, food manufacturers exert a lot of effort to create foods that have an addictive quality and make the experience of eating foods pleasurable.27 In his book, “Why Humans Like Junk Food,” scientist Steven Witherly, Ph.D., states there are two factors that make the experience of eating enjoyable.28 The first is sensation, which is composed of taste, aroma and the sensation you experience when food is in your mouth, known as orosensation.
The second factor is the caloric stimulation from macronutrients that make up the product: proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Food companies spend millions of dollars to achieve a level of satisfaction with their product that will drive the consumer to purchase their food over and over again.
The food industry looks for dynamic contrast within one product, such as a crunchy outer shell, followed by something soft or creamy. The more a food causes you to salivate, the greater coverage over your taste buds and the better taste response it receives. Witherly also lists “vanishing caloric density” as a means to an end of increasing your intake of a food product, leading to an increased risk of obesity. He explains:29
“Now, few foods qualify (meringues, diet soda, cotton candy and pretzels), but popcorn is perhaps the best example. Buttered, salted popcorn is very tasty, and you can eat a lot of it, repeat oral stimulation, since it isn’t that filling. In fact, I’ve seen some people actually accelerate their eating rate due to the absence of gastric satiety. Eating a whole bowl of popcorn for dinner is not a rare occurrence.
Foods that exhibit this rapid (oral) meltdown response may actually signal the brain that the food being ingested is lower in calories than it really is.
The reduced satiety response to high dynamic contrast foods (ice cream, chocolate and french fries) may partially explain Dr. Drewnowski’s observation that energy dense foods that melt down rapidly in the mouth, often lack satiety. Hence, foods that quickly “vanish” in the mouth are more rewarding, reduce gastric satiety and encourage over ingestion.”
Half of Cancer Deaths Related to Three Choices
A recently published study from the American Cancer Society used data gathered in 2014 and found that 45 percent of all deaths from cancer could be attributed to what the authors called “modifiable risk factors.”30 In other words, lifestyle choices that increase your risk of developing cancer. The risk behaviors researchers analyzed were:31
||Excess body weight
||Consuming red and processed meat
||Low consumption of fruit, vegetables, dietary fiber and dietary calcium
||Six cancer-associated infections
However, the researchers also concluded:32
“These results, however, may underestimate the overall proportion of cancers attributable to modifiable factors, because the impact of all established risk factors could not be quantified, and many likely modifiable risk factors are not yet firmly established as causal.”
In other words, while the data indicated almost 50 percent of cancer could have been prevented from modifiable factors, not all factors have been identified and environmental risk factors, such as exposure to toxins, were not considered.
Give Your Vegetables a Makeover
You may find adding vegetables to your diet challenging if you aren’t sure how to integrate them into your everyday choices, and you wouldn’t be the only one. In an effort to increase consumption of vegetables and fruit, Partnership for a Healthier America (PHA) has started a fruits and vegetable (FNV) campaign33 to improve public perception. This short video is a preview of the advertisements that are as enticing as those junk food manufacturers produce, and they seem to be working.
Consumption of fruits and vegetables appear to have been trending downward, which is a significant cause for concern for the coming generation of children who are not eating these foundational foods rich in nutrients and antioxidants in their formative years. The ads are using adults whom children and young adults recognize, demonstrating how delicious and tempting fruits and vegetables can be. The campaign is supported by several food companies, universities and insurance companies.34
According to the PHA, the new campaign has already changed some behavior. Materials provided to Forbes by Toni Carey, senior manager, communications and marketing for PHA, state: “Eighty percent of people bought or consumed more fruits and veggies after seeing FNV advertising” and “over 90 percent have a favorable impression of FNV and would engage with the brand in some way.”35 Here are several more suggestions that may make the process go smoothly at home:
As demonstrated by junk food manufacturers, advertising works to increase your interest in foods. Expose yourself and your family to the new ad campaign by PHA to help make eating fruits and vegetables more exciting and appetizing.
Give them the backstory
Talk with your family about how whole foods are grown, from seedlings to harvest to your table. When they know the process, the foods become more interesting. Talk about the benefits of the individual foods, such as tomatoes are high in lycopene that is a powerful antioxidant that protects your eyesight and fights aging.36
Shop along the perimeter
You can avoid eating processed foods if you don’t have them in the house. Shop around the perimeter of the grocery store where most of the whole foods reside, such as meat, fruits, vegetables, eggs and cheese. Not everything around the perimeter is healthy, but you’ll avoid many of the ultra-processed foods this way.
Include a variety of foods
Your brain enjoys a variety of textures and tastes. Vary the whole foods you purchase and the way you eat them. For instance, carrots and peppers are tasty dipped in hummus. You get the crunch of the vegetable and smooth texture of the hummus to satisfy your taste, your brain and your physical health.
Recognize and address with stress
Stress creates a physical craving for fats and sugar that may drive your addictive, stress-eating behavior. If you can recognize when you’re getting stressed and find another means of relieving the emotion, your eating habits will likely improve.
Preventing stress-related illnesses, including those created by poor eating habits, is easier to prevent than it is to recover from it. To read more about managing stress, see my previous article, “Documentary Investigates the Cause and Ramifications of Stress-Related Burnout.”
Start with fruits and vegetables that taste better than junk foods
There are fruits and vegetables that do taste better and help you feel better than junk foods. Starting with these may give you an advantage as you continue your journey to increasing your daily intake. Discover “13 Health Foods That Taste Better Than Junk Foods,” in this previous article.
Try the Emotional Freedom Techniques
Stress and anxiety have similar effects on your brain function and can lead to physical health problems. Anytime you change habits, or attempt to include something new in your daily routine, it may trigger a stress response.
The Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) can help reduce your perceived stress, change your eating habits around stress, and help you create new, healthier eating habits that support your long-term health. To discover more about EFT, how to do it and how it may help reduce your stress and develop new habits, see my previous article, “EFT is an Effective Tool for Anxiety.”نام رمان: تب
نویسنده: پگاه رستمی
تعداد صفحات: ۱۴۱۱
بخشی از رمان:
قسمتی از متن رمان
“البرز”
کیف چرم مشکی ام را از دست راست به دست چپ منتقل می کنم و دستگیره در را پایین می کشم.
منشی به محض دیدن من از جای خود بلند می شود و سلام می کند.
جوابش را می دهم و به سمت اتاقم می روم، صدایش را می شنوم.
– اولین نوبت امروز ده دقیقه دیگه هست.
بدون این که بچرخم و نگاهش کنم می پرسم:
– به چند نفر وقت دادی؟
– هفت نفر…
به ساعتم نگاهی می اندازم و با درماندگی فکر می کنم “هفت نفر که هر کدام چهل و پنج دقیقه وقتم را می گیرند و کلا می شود شش ساعت و الان هم که ساعت چهار هست و یعنی… تا ساعت ده شب درگیر هستم”.
اجازه نمی دهم درماندگی ام اشکار شود.
– اکی، لطفا یک قهوه بی آورید برای من! بدون شیر و شکر!
چشمش را می شنوم و وارد اتاقم می شوم.
کتم را در می آورم و به جارختی آویزان می کنم. دستی به پیراهنم می کشم و به تصویر خودم در آینه نگاه می کنم.
دو طرف لب هایم را می کشم تا کمی خندان به نظر بیایند. روانشناس باشی و این همه عبوس؟!
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He has also been accused of using his influence to make the government choose Kake Educational Institution, run by a close friend of Abe's, to open a new department in a government- designated special economic zone
凯迪拉克
进几杖者拂之。效马效羊者右牵之；效犬者左牵之。执禽者左首。饰羔雁者以缋。受珠玉者以掬。受弓剑者以袂。饮玉爵者弗挥。凡以弓剑、苞苴、箪笥问人者，操以受命，如使之容。استاندار خراسان جنوبی از برگزاری جلسه شورای عالی آب به ریاست معاون اول رئیس جمهور با دستور کار انتقال آب از دریای عمان به استان های شرقی و مرکزی کشور اطلاع داد و گفت: امیدواریم در این جلسه تصمیمات خوبی برای انتقال آب به استان خراسان جنوبی اتخاذ گردد.
با تور عمان از نگین خاورمیانه دیدن کنید.
به گزارش خبرنگاران از بیرجند، سید علی اکبر پرویزی صبح امروز در جلسه شورای اداری شهرستان قاینات، بیکاری را معضل و دغدغه نظام دانست و گفت: این معضل تنها با توسعه سرمایه گذاری و ایجاد زمینه های سرمایه گذاری رفع می گردد از این رو ضروری است تا با انعکاس ظرفیت ها و مزیت های بزرگ استان، زمینه توسعه این امر در بخش های مختلف بیش از پیش تقویت گردد.
وی با بیان اینکه خراسان جنوبی در کنار محدودیت ها و مسائلی که دارد دارای توانمندی ها و ظرفیت های بسیار بزرگی است یادآور شد: همه باید کوشش کنیم تا این پتانسیل ها به خوبی اطلاع رسانی گردد تا سرمایه گذاران با طیب خاطر و با اعتماد کامل نسبت به سرمایه گذاری در این منطقه اقدام نمایند.
استاندار خراسان جنوبی بابیان اینکه نظام مقدس جمهوری اسلامی در طول 37 سال گذشته در حوزه های مختلف خدمات بسیار مناسبی را صورت داده است، گفت: حتی در دوران جنگ تحمیلی دولت از ارائه خدمات عمومی به مردم در مناطق مختلف دریغ ننموده است و در این زمینه نیز خدمات مناسبی در بخش های مختلف به مردم ارائه شد.
پرویزی با بیان اینکه وجود بعضی مسائل منحصر به یک دولت و یا یک بازه زمانی خاص نیست، گفت: معضل اشتغال به عنوان یکی از مهمترین دغدغه های دولت مسئله ای است که مربوط به کل نظام است و از سال های قبل وجود داشته و احتمالاً تا سال های آینده نیز ادامه دارد.
وی به مسائلی که همیشه از ابتدای پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی متوجه نظام مقدس اسلامی بوده است اشاره نمود و اضافه کرد: بعد از جنگ تحمیلی، دشمن به اشکال مختلف از جمله فشارهای بین المللی، تحریم های ظالمانه و غیره در صدد ضربه زدن به نظام بوده است که این امر سبب شده تا بعضی مسائل به صورت ریشه ای رفع نگردد و نتوان آن گونه که مورد انتظار است در بعضی زمینه ها اقدام کرد.
مقام عالی دولت در استان خراسان جنوبی، موضوع اشتغال، بهداشت و درمان، راهسازی، آبرسانی شهری و روستایی و مدرسه سازی را نمونه ای از این مسائل دانست و توضیح داد: همه دولت های گذشته نیز به اشکال مختلف در کوشش برای ارائه خدمت به مردم بوده اند و با عنایت به شعارها و سیاست هایی که داشته اند بخشی از این موضوعات را دنبال و به نتایج مناسبی نیز دست پیدا نموده اند.
پرویزی به انتقاداتی که در بعضی از زمینه ها از سوی مسئولان و رسانه ها مطرح می گردد اشاره نمود و با بیان اینکه انتقاد لازمه کار رسانه ای و شرط رسیدن به نقطه مطلوب است گفت: اگر انتقادی که صورت می گیرد بر اساس واقعیات روز و شرایط جامعه باشد و با نگاهی سازنده و در راستای اصلاح امور صورت گیرد قطعاً تاثیرگذار است و می تواند گره بسیاری از مسائل مردم را باز کند.
وی به وجود 4 بازارچه مرزی در استان خراسان جنوبی اشاره نمود و ادامه داد: مطابق با برآوردهایی که صورت گرفته امیدواریم میزان صادرات کالا از مرز ماهیرود به کشور افغانستان تا سرانجام امسال به یک میلیارد دلار برسد که در مقایسه با میزان مشابه سال گذشته نزدیک به 32 درصد افزایش داشته است این در حالی است که با رایزنی هایی که با طرف افغانی صورت گرفته امیدواریم بازارچه یزدان نیز هرچه سریعتر فعال گردد.
استاندار خراسان جنوبی بابیان اینکه بعضی افراد به دنبال بهانه ای برای تخریب و تضعیف دولت هستند گفت: قطعاً در برجام منافع ملی کشور مورد توجه قرار گرفته و همیشه ارشادات و رهنمودهای رهبر معظم انقلاب اسلامی نیز راهگشا بوده است.
پرویزی اضافه کرد: برجام دارای مزایا و معایبی است که باید کوشش کنیم از ظرفیت هایی که در این سند برای کشورمان در نظر گرفته شده است به نحو مطلوب و مناسب بهره گیری کنیم.
مقام عالی دولت در استان با بیان اینکه نباید فضای استان را فضایی تاریک، مسموم و سرشار از محرومیت ها و مسائل توصیف کرد گفت: واگویه کردن مسائل با سیاه نمایی و تاریک جلوه دادن همه چیز متفاوت است چرا که این امر قطعاً جلوی ورود سرمایه گذاران به استان و فعالیت آنان را در حوزه های مختلف خواهد گرفت.
پرویزی به نقش رسانه ها در توسعه سرمایه گذاری خارجی و داخلی اشاره نمود و ادامه داد: رسانه ها در کنار اقدامات سازنده می توانند ظرفیت ها و پتانسیل های زیادی که در این استان وجود دارد را به شکلی هنرمندانه معرفی نمایند تا زمینه های جذب و حضور فعالان بخش خصوصی و سرمایه گذاران فراهم گردد.
وی به وجود معادن غنی در این استان اشاره نمود و ادامه داد: وجود محصولات استراتژیک کشاورزی، مرز مشترک با کشور افغانستان، وجود روستاهای هدف گردشگری و سنگ های تزئینی از دیگر پتانسیل هایی است که می توانند مورد توجه رسانه های استان قرار گیرند.
استاندار خراسان جنوبی، صنایع دستی را از دیگر ظرفیت های استان دانست و توضیح داد: باید کوشش کنیم تا با توسعه فرآوری محصولات و جلوگیری از خام فروشی در بخشهای مختلف، زمینه های اشتغال روستائیان و مردم نقاط مختلف استان را فراهم گردد.
پرویزی با بیان اینکه ظرفیت های استان باید به نحو مطلوب و مناسب برای سرمایه گذاران و فعالان بخش خصوصی تبیین و معرفی شوند اضافه کرد: باید کوشش کنیم تا خراسان جنوبی رابه عنوان قطب معدنی کشور و یکی از مهم ترین مناطق در زمینه تولید و تولید محصولاتی همچون زرشک، زعفران، عناب و انار معرفی کنیم.
وی در بخش دیگری از سخنان خود به مسائل و مسائل شهرستان قاینات اشاره نمود و ادامه داد: با رایزنی ها و پیگیری هایی که صورت گرفته امیدواریم مسائل موجود در کارخانه فولاد قاینات هرچه سریعتر مرتفع و شاهد افتتاح این کارخانه مهم در این منطقه باشیم.
مقام عالی دولت در استان، به اقدامات صورت گرفته در خصوص دوبانده کردن جهت ارتباطی بیرجند - قاین اشاره نمود و اضافه کرد: تجهیز و بهره برداری از اورژانس بیمارستان قاین تا سرانجام امسال نیز از دیگر دستورکارهایی است که امیدواریم به نتیجه مطلوب برسد.
وی با بیان اینکه مسئولان دستگاه های اجرایی باید در فواصل زمانی به شهرستان ها و از جمله شهرستان قاین سفر نموده و از نزدیک در جریان مسائل و مسائل قرار گیرند، اضافه کرد: تفویض اختیار به مدیران شهرستانی در خصوص بعضی از استعلامات و نیز اختیارات اداری که سبب تسهیل امور می گردد نیز باید در دستور کار مسئولان استانی قرار گیرد.
پرویزی به برگزاری جلسه شورای عالی آب به ریاست معاون اول رئیس جمهوری با دستور کار انتقال آب از دریای عمان به استان های شرقی و مرکزی کشور اطلاع داد و اضافه کرد: امیدواریم در این جلسه تصمیمات خوبی برای انتقال آب به استان خراسان جنوبی نیز اتخاذ گردد.
استاندار خراسان جنوبی به خشکسالی های چند ساله و کاهش میانگ
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le attività dell'ufficio cifra durante la Grande Guerra fu ripubblicato a cura dell'autore, ma con alcune pagine censurate, quelle sulla decrittazione dei crittogrammi di Conegliano, evidentemente ancora coperti da segreto militare; in questa prima opera Sacco raccolse tutte le conoscenze e le competenze che aveva maturato durante la guerra.
Nel 1936 fu pubblicata una nuova edizione tanto ampliata e migliorata da giustificare il cambio del nome, da Nozioni a Manuale. Vi ricompaiono anche le pagine sui crittogrammi i Conegliano.
Nel 1947 ci fu la pubblicazione di una terza edizione ampliata con riferimento alla crittografia della II guerra mondiale, in particolare alle macchine cifranti, e con l'aggiunta di una sezione dedicata alla storia ed alla letteratura crittografica, nella quale accenna brevemente, per la prima volta, alla sua attività nella I guerra mondiale.
Il successo dell'opera fu notevole e nel 1951 fu pubblicata a Parigi da Payot la traduzione in francese del manuale, che permise la diffusione del manuale in tutta Europa: è interessante in proposito quello che Friedrich Ludwig Bauer, informatico tedesco, padre del software engineering, scrive nel suo recente (1996-2006) Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology:
Ci fu anche una traduzione in inglese della seconda edizione del 1936 negli anni successivi; si ritiene che sia opera di Helen Fouché Gaines, collaboratrice di William Friedmann e autrice di un trattato di crittoanalisi; nel 1977, scaduti i diritti d'autore negli USA, la casa editrice Aegean Park Press di Laguna Hills in California, pubblicò una nuova edizione paperback del Manual of Cryptography, ma si tratta sempre dell'edizione del 1936.
Mancavano viceversa nuove edizioni in Italia; per rimediare a questa mancanza, nel 1986 Luigi Bonavoglia, genero di Luigi Sacco e all'epoca presidente della SSGRR (Scuola Superiore Guglielmo Reiss Romoli dell'Aquila) pubblicò una riedizione anastatica del libro edita dalla SSGRR, fuori commercio però e distribuita solo come copia omaggio.
Alla fine del 2011 è uscita a cura del sottoscritto una nuova ristampa anastatica e nel 2014 una quarta edizione in formato ebook presso l'editore Apogeo. È disponibile anche una versione cartacea pubblicata da Youcanprint.
|del gen. Luigi Sacco|
|ISBN 9788850317066|
|Prezzo di listino 19,99 €
formato ebook: epub e mobi
disponibile in tutte le librerie on line
|ISBN 9788891156952|
|Prezzo di listino 32,00 €
disponibile in tutte le librerie on lineMassage involves working and acting on the body with pressure – structured, unstructured, stationary, or moving – tension, motion, or vibration, done manually or with mechanical aids. Massage can be applied with the hands, fingers, elbows, knees, forearm, feet, or a massage device. Depending on the application and technique used, massage is used to promote relaxation and well-being, and is beneficial in treating sports injuries and other problems affecting the musculature of the body such as postural misalignment and many painful conditions. Massage can also be sexual in nature (see Erotic massage).
In professional settings massage clients are treated while lying on a massage table, sitting in a massage chair, or lying on a mat on the floor, while in amateur settings a general purpose surface like a bed or floor is more common. Aquatic massage and bodywork is performed with recipients submersed or floating in a warm-water therapy pool. The massage subject may be fully or partially clothed or unclothed.
Active release technique
Active release technique (ART) is a form of deep tissue manipulation patented by P. Michael Leahy in which specified techniques are used to release what are presumed to be soft tissue adhesions.
Acupressure [from Latin acus “needle” (see acuity) + pressure (n.)] is an alternative medicine technique similar in principle to acupuncture. It is based on the concept of life energy which flows through “meridians” in the body. In treatment, physical pressure is applied to acupuncture points with the aim of clearing blockages in these meridians. Pressure may be applied by hand, by elbow, or with various devices.
Some medical studies have suggested that acupressure may be effective at helping manage nausea and vomiting, for helping lower back pain, tension headaches, stomach ache, among other things, although such studies have been found to have a high likelihood of bias.
Aquatic bodywork comprises a diverse set of massage and bodywork forms performed in water. This includes land-based forms performed in water (e.g., Aquatic Craniosacral Therapy, Aquatic Myofascial Release Therapy, etc.), as well as forms specific to warm water pools (e.g., Aquatic Integration, Dolphin Dance, Healing Dance, Jahara technique, WaterDance, Watsu)
In ashiatsu, the practitioner uses their feet to deliver treatment. The name comes from the Japanese, ashi for foot and atsu for pressure. This technique typically uses the heel, sesamoid, arch and/or whole plantar surface of foot, and offers large compression, tension and shear forces with less pressure than an elbow, and is ideal for large muscles, such as in thigh, or for long-duration upper trapezius compressions. Other manual therapy techniques using the feet to provide treatment include Keralite, Barefoot Lomi Lomi, Chavutti Thirumal.THE HISTORY OF
On December 31, 1886 Paul Nathan Domke was born to Prussian immigrants, Carl and Augusta Domke, Presque Isle County Michigan homesteaders and pioneers. From early on, Paul’s interests were varied and many. In 1906 Mr. Domke joined the United States Navy and soon thereafter was assigned to hospital duties at the Naval Hospital in Annapolis, Maryland.
Throughout the remainder of his stay in the Navy, he performed various duties on Hospital ships and at various hospitals in various parts of the world. Leaving the Navy in 1910, he returned to the family farm in Northern Michigan. He married Lora Schultz and worked the farm until a short time later when the couple moved to Rogers City where Paul operated a Standard Oil service station for a time ---- eventually moving to Detroit where his artistic interests took over as he worked as a church decorator.
It is said that Mr. Domke developed a great interest in natural history, bone and muscle structure in animals, particularly long, extinct creatures while he was in the service. When Paul’s painting and church decorating business failed in the Detroit area during the early years of the Great Depression, he and his wife, Lora moved back to Northern Michigan and bought a piece of land that he thought resembled the type of terrain that was inhabited by dinosaurs when they roamed the earth. He found this property near Ossineke, MI in 1930. When you walk through the property today, you can see why he chose this site for his future Labor of Love. It is loaded with huge, low land ferns, majestic trees and a natural stream running through it that is full of history and wildlife. First, Mr. Domke built his home in 1930 and then he built three rental cabins and a gas station/art studio from 1931 to 1932. All the buildings still stand today. The revenue from the rental cabins and the gas station got the Domke’s through the remainder of the depression and helped pave the way to the start of we call "Dinosaur Gardens" today.
In the summer of 1935, Paul Domke hired workers to build a bridge over the Devils River, clear areas of land, build construction trails and ready certain spots for creatures soon to come. The first display was started in 1935 and later finished in 1936. Mr. Domke first called his new project, "Paul Domke’s Garden and Prehistoric Zoo". In the early attempts to create the animals, Mr. Domke tried using plaster of paris and various other compositions for his pre-historic creations. These early building materials proved to be not long lasting and now with the help of a chemist from Alpena’s Huron Portland Cement Company, a formula of cement that could withstand outdoor elements was achieved. It was the compound of cement, sand, lime, calcium, stearate and liquid asphalt that Mr. Domke settled on to make his incredibly long, lasting creations from. A firm concrete foundation was the first thing needed for each animal, and then a steel framework with metal lath was needed to support the prepared concrete mixture. This "secret" mixture, that Domke called "cement plastics" needed to be pliable enough for him to sculpt all the various details of each creature. This is why we are carefully striping old paint off each animal today as we refinish the dinosaur’s exteriors to expose the careful, and incredible detail of workmanship Mr. Domke put into each creature.
Mr. Domke took great pride in the research he did in preparing and constructing each animal. He claimed that every dinosaur in the park is the size as it was when they walked on the earth. We understand Mr. Domke made many trips to the Smithsonian Institution and even toured places in Canada to get the info that he needed to be accurate in size and appearance of the Dinosaur.
Close to forty years were devoted to the creation of Mr. Domke’s zoo of over 25 prehistoric creatures. Dinosaur Gardens as it is called today has sites that were made from 1935 to 1967. The ownership history does not follow what one would think. Mr. Frank McCourt and his wife Wilma bought the property from Domke in 1960 while animal construction was still going on. Then in 1980, Wilma McCourt sold the zoo to another person for a short time on a land contract and got it back. It was shortly after that, that Wilma’s son Frank, along with his wife Judy bought Dinosaur Gardens and began putting their finger prints on the park. Frank built the current mini golf course and commissioned another artist to build the only dinosaur not built by Domke in the park. And that brings us to today as Gary and Connie Stephan, owners of Connie’s Café for over 34 years, bought Dinosaur Gardens in the winter of 2013. The Stephan’s renovated the Gift shop in 2013 and added an Ice Cream shop complete with a 50 item topping bar.
As you walk around the garden path you can only imagine what the property and surrounding area was like when the prehistoric sea covered the land while the glaciers retreated, and then when Mastadons roamed the land with the native Indians hunting them, and finally when lumberman were cutting the huge white pines and floating the logs down the Devil’s River to the saw mill on the Lake Huron Shore. All these thoughts plus the amazing story of Mr. Domke and his eccentric, life-long work to build his prehistoric zoo that tied Christ into the evolution of our world. You will find dinosaurs from multiple periods of time that range from over 200 million years ago to 34 million years ago. Animals are represented from all over the world as well from the US and Canada. We feel everyone who would like to make the ½ mile walk around the property would really appreciate the experience to see the animals for themselves and to imagine what it would have been like to be on earth during the time of the "Dinosaurs".62درصد سد تهم پر استمدیرعامل شرکت آب منطقه ای زنجان گفت: ۶۲ درصد سد تهم پر است.
به گزارش روابط عمومی شرکت آب منطقه ای زنجان،مهندس یوسف رضاپور در گفتوگو با ایسنا، با اشاره به وضعیت کلی سدهای شرکت آب منطقهای زنجان از اول مهر امسال تا اول آذرماه، اظهار کرد: کل ورودی آب به سد تهم در سالجاری24صدم میلیون مترمکعب، سدگلابر99 صدم میلیون متر مکعب، سد کینهورس3 میلیون مترمکعب و سد تالوارحدود 4 میلیون مترمکعب بوده که به ترتیب نسبت به مدت مشابه سال قبل ۴۲۵، ۱۶۵، ۸۷۰ و ۲۸۹ درصد افزایش داشته است .
این مسئول ادامه داد: در مدت زمان مذکور کل آب خروجی برای سد تهم حدود 4 میلیون مترمکعب ثبت شده که این عدد برای سد گلابر ۱.۰۶، سد کینهورس ۲.۱ و سد تالوار ۱.۰۷ میلیون مترمکعب بوده که نسبت به مدت زمان مشابه سال گذشته به ترتیب ۳۵، ۷۴، ۱۶۵۰ و منفی ۱۲ درصد تغییر داشته است .
وی افزود: با توجه به بارندگیهای انجام شده ۶۲ درصد حجم سد تهم پر است که این میزان در مدت زمان مشابه سال قبل ۳۹ درصد بود، ۵۷ درصد سد گلابر امسال پر است که در مدت مشابه سال قبل48درصد بوده همچنین ۹۳ درصد از سد کینهورس و26 درصد از سد تالوار پر است .
رضاپور تصریح کرد: ۸۵ درصد از منابع آب استان در بخش کشاورزی، ۸.۹ درصد برای شرب و بهداشت شهری و روستایی و ۶ درصد نیز در بخش صنعت و سایر خدمات مصرف میشود .
مدیرعامل شرکت آب منطقهای زنجان، بیشترین میزان مصرف آب را برای بخش کشاورزی اعلام کرد و یادآور شد: برای خروج از بحران باید سهم آب کشاورزی کم شود، یعنی با حفظ شرایط موجود توسعه باید صفر شده و با افزایش راندمان بهرهبرداری و اصلاح الگوی ترکیب کشت، محصولات بیشتری تولید کرد .لینک اصل خبر در سایت شركت آب منطقهای زنجانKovid-19 Muharebe Görev Gücü’nün Beyaz Saray’daki basın toplantısında konuşan Trump, salgınla mücadelede “sürekli” ilerleme kaydetmeye devam ettiklerini söyledi.
“Anlaşmaya yakınız,” diyen Trump, küçük işletmelere ve kırsal hastanelere yardım içeren 450 milyar dolarlık yardım paketi üzerinde Demokratlarla görüşmeye devam ettiklerini söyledi.
Yeterli test kitine sahip olmadığı için sık sık eleştirilen Trump, cebinden çıkardığı bir test kitini pamuklu çubukla karşılaştırdı ve kiti üretmenin, suni solunum maskeleri.
Trump ayrıca, daha önce ayda 20 milyondan fazla kit üretimi için uyguladığı Savunma Üretimi Yasasını kullanmaya hazırlandığını söyledi.
Salgından en çok etkilenen ülkelerden biri olan İran’a yardım etmeyi planlayıp planlamadığı sorulduğunda, Trump: “Yardıma ihtiyacı varsa ve talep ederse İran’a yardım edeceğim. Salgın onları sert bir şekilde vurdu, ancak bildirdikleri sayılar açıkça yanlış ve yardıma veya suni solunum cihazlarına ihtiyaçları varsa, binlerce var ve elbette üretilmek istiyoruz. ” ‘
Trump’ın son basın toplantısında Beyaz Saray’a basın açıklaması sırasında birkaç gün önce konuşan yeni basın valisi Andrew Cuomo’nun hükümeti tebrik ettiği unutulmamalıdır. federal ve onu.
Basın toplantısında konuşan partinin Cuomo’nun “federal hükümetin olağanüstü eylem ve çaba gerektirdiğini” ifade etmesinin özel dikkat göstermesi gerektiğini belirten Trump, medyada kullandığını ve iyi olduğunu düşündüğü kısım.
Görüntünün geri kalanına bir süre sonra tekrar bakıldı.
İnsanlardan Texas, Montana, Colorado gibi eyaletlerde salgın bağlamında alınan önlemleri bastırmaları için sokaklara gitmelerini istedikten sonra, Trump “herkesin protesto etme hakkı olduğunu” ve “bazı eyaletler kısıtlamalarla ilerliyor.”Protein Tozunun İşlevi ve Faydaları: Protein tozları, kasların onarılmasına ve büyümesine yardımcı olan temel besin maddesi olan proteinin konsantre bir şeklidir. Spor ve egzersiz yaparken, kaslarınızın ihtiyaç duyduğu protein miktarı artar. Protein tozları, bu protein ihtiyacını karşılamak için kullanışlı bir çözüm sunar. İşte protein tozunun bazı faydaları:Kas Onarımı ve Büyümesini Destekler: Protein, kasların onarılması, büyümesi ve güçlenmesi için temel bir yapı taşıdır. Protein tozları, egzersiz sonrası kasların hızlı bir şekilde onarılmasını sağlayarak kas büyümesini destekler.Kas Kütlesini Artırabilir: Protein tozları, yeterli miktarda protein almanızı sağlayarak kas kütlesinin artmasına yardımcı olabilir. Bu da güçlenme ve vücut şekillendirme hedeflerinize ulaşmanızı kolaylaştırabilir.Tokluk Hissini Artırır: Protein, diğer makrobesinlerden daha fazla tokluk sağlar. Protein tozları, diyetinize eklediğinizde daha uzun süre tok kalmanıza yardımcı olabilir ve aşırı yeme eğilimini azaltabilir.Protein Tozunun Kilo Alma Etkisi: Protein tozlarının kilo aldırma etkisi, genellikle yanlış bir anlama dayanır. Protein tozları, kendiliğinden kilo aldırmazlar. Ancak, yanlış kullanımı veya diğer faktörlerle birlikte kilo artışına katkıda bulunabilirler. İşte bazı noktaları dikkate almanız gereken önemli gerçekler:Kalori Dengesi Önemlidir: Protein tozları, ekstra protein sağlayarak kas büyümesini destekler. Ancak, aşırı miktarda protein tüketimi, genel kalori alımınızı aşabilir ve kilo artışına neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, protein tozlarını tüketirken genel kalori dengesine dikkat etmek önemlidir.Diğer Besinlerle Dengeli Bir Diyet Şart: Protein tozları, tek başlarına kilo aldırmazlar. Dengeli bir diyet içinde tüketildiklerinde etkili olurlar. Yeterli miktarda protein almak önemlidir, ancak aynı zamanda karbonhidratlar, sağlıklı yağlar, lif ve diğer besin öğeleri de dikkate alınmalıdır. Dengeli bir beslenme programıyla birlikte protein tozları, sağlıklı kilo alımına ve kas kütlesinin artmasına katkıda bulunabilir.Egzersizle Birlikte Kullanılmalıdır: Protein tozları, spor ve egzersizle birlikte kullanıldığında en etkili şekilde çalışır. Egzersiz yapmadan sadece protein tozları tüketmek, kilo alımına neden olabilir. Kas büyümesi ve gelişimi için düzenli ve uygun egzersiz programıyla birleştirilmelidir.Kaliteli Protein Tozları Tercih Edilmelidir: Protein tozları arasında kalite ve içerik açısından farklılıklar bulunur. protein tozu seçerken, kalite
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on the building and machinery.
When classifying costs as product costs, ask yourself if this cost is need to make the product. If it is, then it is a product cost. Next as yourself if the cost is a direct material or direct labor cost. If the answer is no, then the cost is part of manufacturing overhead.
Product costs are also called inventoriable costs because these are the only costs that can be included in inventory on the balance sheet. When the products are sold, these costs are expensed as cost of goods sold.
Period costs are all the costs that a company incurs that are not period costs. These costs are called period costs because they are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. Period costs are sometimes called operating expenses. Periods costs are divided into two categories: selling costs and administrative costs.
Selling costs are all of the costs associated with selling your products. This includes the cost of sales people, sales commissions, marketing, advertising, and distribution of your product. If you have retail locations, the costs of those locations are selling costs. If you have a website that you use to sell your product, that is a selling cost. The cost of the people who run your social media accounts is a selling cost.
You might be wondering why distribution is a selling cost. Many students believe that the cost to ship the product to the end user should be a product cost. However, think back to our discussion of finished goods inventory. We stated that once a product has gone through the production process and is considered finished, no more product related costs can be added. We now know that those product costs are direct materials, direct labor and overhead. Therefore, once a product has been produced, we cannot add more cost. Distribution happens after the product is manufactured, so it cannot be a product cost. It is considered a selling cost because I cannot complete the sale of the product if I cannot get it to the customer. No distribution equals no sale. That’s why it is considered a selling cost.
Administrative costs are all the costs associated with the general operations of the company. This would include the costs of executive salaries and offices, the human resource department, research and development of new products, and costs related to maintaining a company headquarters.
Why is research and development an administrative cost? Product costs relate the costs associated with making our current products. Research and development deals with creating new products or improving products, not with the production of current products. Therefore, R & D is not a product cost. What about a selling cost? Well, does R & D help us sell our existing products? It could actually be argued that if R & D information was leaked, it might actually hurt the sales of our existing products because customers might wait to get the new model. The only category that is left is administrative costs. That is why R & D is considered an administrative cost.
When attempting to classify costs, first ask yourself if the cost is part of the manufacturing process. Look for key terms like “plant” or “factory”. These will help to indicate that the cost is associated with making the product. If it is, then the cost is a product cost. If it is not, then it is a period cost.
If it is a product cost, determine if the cost is a direct material or direct (touch) labor. If it is neither of these, it should be classified as manufacturing overhead.
If it is a period cost, determine if the cost is related to selling the product or the general administration of the company. Look for terms like marketing or selling. These terms indicate selling costs. Terms like administrative indicate that the cost is an administrative cost.
Knowing the terminology and reading carefully will make it much easier to classify costs.
Types of Businesses, Product Costs and Period Costs
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Finals are coming! Let Professor Ingram show how to make finals suck less in her free Finals Survival Guide.Filmografia di Paul Harris Boardman
L’ufficiale di polizia di New York Ralph Sarchie lotta con i suoi problemi personali e indaga su una serie di crimini inquietanti e inspiegabili. Farà squadra con un prete insolito, che ha studiato i riti di esorcismo, per contrastare e risolvere i terrificanti casi di possessione demoniaca che si stanno diffondendo in città...
Nel 1993 tre adolescenti americani furono condannati per l'omicidio di tre bambini di otto anni nell'ambito di quello che fu descritto come un rituale satanico. La sentenza, da subito molto discussa, si basava sulla confessione di uno dei tre ragazzi, che dalle perizie si è rivelato soffrire di un ritardo mentale. Damien Echols, Jessie Misskelley Jr. e Jason Baldwin sono stati rilasciati quest'anno dopo quasi vent'anni di prigionia.
Klaatu, un viaggiatore alieno inviato da una civiltà superiore, arriva sulla Terra accompagnato dalla sua guardia del corpo robotica, per consegnare un importante messaggio al nostro pianeta: vivete in pace o sarete distrutti. Una scienziata richiamata in servizio per far fronte alla minaccia si innamora dell'enigmatico alieno.
Un'avvocatessa resa rigida e amara dal suo lavoro accetta di difendere un sacerdote che rischia la pena capitale per aver provocato la morte di una giovane donna durante un esorcismo.
Joseph Thorne, detective corrotto e dedito alle droghe, ha una straordinaria abilità nel risolvere puzzle. Gli viene assegnato il caso di un serial killer che lascia sulla scena di ogni delitto le dita di un ragazzino ancora vivo. Delitto dopo delitto, ogni traccia lo conduce verso una verità irreale ed inquietante.Chiesa cattolica in Portogallo
|Chiesa cattolica in Portogallo|
|Esterno del Santuario di Fátima|
|Anno||2022|
|Cristiani||84,30%[1]|
|Cattolici||81,00%[1]|
|Popolazione||10.140.570[1]|
|Categoria:Chiesa cattolica in Portogallo|
Storia
Le prime diocesi del Portogallo furono create mentre il territorio era ancora controllato dall'Impero Romano. A quel periodo risalgono le Arcidiocesi di Évora nel 306, Ossonoba, Olisipo (Lisbona), Aquae Flaviae (Chaves) nella seconda metà del IV secolo, Bracara.
Nel V secolo iniziarono le invasioni dei popoli germanici nella penisola iberica. A metà del secolo tutto il Portogallo settentrionale cadde sotto il dominio degli Svevi che fecero di Braga la loro capitale. Nel 465 il re degli svevi e i suoi sudditi si convertirono all'arianesimo. Nel 561 san Martino di Braga convertì il re al cattolicesimo, ma vent'anni dopo gli Svevi a loro volta caddero sotto il dominio dei Visigoti, nel frattempo anche loro converti alla vera fede. I vescovi portoghesi presero parte ai Concili di Toledo tenuti in quei secoli. Nel VI secolo i sovrani svevi e visigoti fondarono nuove diocesi: Viseu (Veseo divisa dalla diocesi di Olisipo), Coimbra (Conímbriga/Aeminium scissa dalla diocesi di Olisipo), Egitania, Porto (divisa dalla diocesi di Braga) e Lamego (divisa dalla diocesi di Olisipo).
Con l'invasione musulmana l'organizzazione ecclesiastica fu sospesa, venendo gradualmente restaurata secoli dopo man mano che la Reconquista progrediva. Tra il 711 ed 713 il regno dei Visigoti cadde a seguito della conquista effettuata dai Mori guidati dagli Arabi che lo terranno per circa cinque secoli.
Nel 798 Alfonso II delle Asturie conquistò temporaneamente Lisbona e, negli anni seguenti, grazie alle sue vittorie contro i musulmani, consolidò la sua presenza in Galizia e inizia l'insediamento nel nord del Portogallo.
Nella seconda metà dell'VIII secolo Ordoño I delle Asturie impostò una politica di ripopolamento della regione a nord del fiume Duero, nell'odierno Portogallo, ottenendo buoni risultatie arrivando sulla sponda destra del fiume. Nell'868, arrivato al fiume Duero, Alfonso III delle Asturie continuò la politica di ripopolamento del padre e fondò una contea che prende il nome della cittadina di Porto appena conquistata, che si trova alla foce del fiume Portucale. La contea fu affidata a Vímara Peres, il primo dei conti, della casa di Vímara Peres del Portogallo, che erano vassalli del regno delle Asturie[2] e poi lo saranno del regno di León[3]. Le diocesi di Chaves, Braga, Beja, Porto, Viseu, Coimbra, Évora, Lamego, Egitania, Idanha (che era stata distrutta) e Lisbona furono restaurate, tutte nei primi due decenni di quel secolo.
Nell'832 fu riconquistato il territorio della diocesi di Braga, inizialmente incorporato nella diocesi di Lugo, fino al 1071. Anche la regione della diocesi di Porto fu riconquistata nell'872. Anni dopo sarà di nuovo perduta, venendo finalmente riconquistata nel 920. Nel 1080 Coimbra fu riconquistata.
Nel corso del XII secolo i cristiani recuperarono le diocesi di Porto, Lamego, Lisbona, Viseu ed Évora. Nel 1203 fu creata la diocesi di Guarda. Fu creata la Contea del Portogallo della quale il primo conte fu Enrico di Borgogna. Sotto di lui e sotto il figlio Alfonso I, che si proclamò re, la Chiesa nel paese conobbe una fioritura. Cattedrali e chiese sorsero numerose e furono fondati molti monasteri. Nel 1147 Alfonso I conquistò definitivamente Lisbona e nel 1179 papa Alessandro III, in una bolla, per la prima volta, lo riconosce re del Portogallo.
Il crescente potere della Chiesa portò a conflitti tra essa e la corona portoghese, nei quali i pontefici furono periodicamente costretti a intervenire. Anche Alfonso III del Portogallo fu coinvolto in queste dispute, come i re che lo precedettero. Nel 1268 fu scomunicato dall'arcivescovo di Braga e dai vescovi di Coimbra e Porto, con l'approvazione di Clemente IV, che richiese al re di giurare fedeltà a Roma. In punto di morte Alfonso III giurò obbedienza alla Chiesa restituendole tutto ciò che gli era stato tolto. Di fronte a questo atteggiamento del re l'abate del monastero di Alcobaça sollevò la sua scomunica e il re fu sepolto nel monastero.
Le situazioni di conflitto cessarono solo alla fine del XIII secolo sotto il regno di Dionigi del Portogallo, che rafforzò il supremo potere reale. Siccome Dionigi si mantenne fedele alla politica del padre, l'interdetto sul regno del Portogallo rimase. Nel 1280 iniziò una trattativa con papa Niccolò III, poi proseguita con Martino IV e Onorio IV e finalmente conclusa con Niccolò IV nel 1289, che portò a un concordato, che con un giusto compromesso regolò le relazioni tra la corona e il clero.
Nel 1385 fu fondato il monastero domenicano di Batalha, perla architettonica del paese. Nel 1393 Lisbona divenne arcidiocesi e capitale del regno lusitano. Nel 1290 fu fondata, a Lisbona, la prima Università portoghese, la cui sede, nel 1308, fu trasferita a Coimbra. Nel 1319 Dionigi istituì l'Ordem de Cristo (Ordine del Cristo) che incamerò tutte le proprietà dei Templari nel suo regno, riconoscente verso questo ordine militare per l'aiuto dato nella riconquista del regno. Mentre papa Clemente V nel 1312 soppresse i Templari in tutto il resto della cristianità.
Nel 1481 papa Sisto IV inviò un primo nunzio in Portogallo nella persona di Giusto Baldini,[4] O.S.B., contestualmente vescovo di Ceuta. Una nunziatura permanente a Lisbona si ebbe, a partire dal 1527, sotto Clemente VII con la nomina di Martinho de Portugal.[5]
Dopo la riconquista della penisola, i portoghesi continueranno la loro avanzata in territorio africano. Lì crearono le diocesi di Ceuta nel 1418, Safim (1487, da Marrakech - incorporata nella diocesi di Tangeri nel 1542) e Tangeri (1459, separata da Ceuta). Nel 1500 Pedro Álvares Cabral scoprì il Brasile per conto di Manuele I del Portogallo, che nel frattempop continuò la penetrazione in Marocco. Nel XVI secolo con le scoperte geografiche, il Portogallo occupò territori in America e in Oriente, edificando un grande impero coloniale. Nelle isole atlantiche portoghesi fu creata la diocesi di Funchal (1514).
Il 31 gennaio 1533 la diocesi di Funchal fu elevata al rango di arcidiocesi, divenendo, per un breve periodo, una delle più grandi strutture ecclesiastiche cattoliche nella storia della Chiesa, comprendente i territori dell'impero lusitano in Brasile, nell'India, in Africa e delle Azzorre. L'arcidiocesi nel 1534 cedette il territorio dell'arcipelago delle Azzorre alla nuova diocesi di Angra, alla diocesi di Goa (oggi arcidiocesi di Goa e Damão) e cedette i territori delle Indie e alla diocesi di São Tomé e Príncipe i territori dell'Africa. Il 23 febbraio 1551 cedette parte del suo territorio alla prima diocesi in Brasile, diocesi di São Salvador da Bahia.
L'inquisizione portoghese fu istituita nel 1536 con la bolla Cum ad nihil magis,[6] di papa Paolo III. Fu stabilita la censura delle pubblicazioni stampate, a partire dalla proibizione della Bibbia in lingue diverse dal latino.[7][8]
Nella seconda metà del XVI secolo si tennero numerosi sinodi locali per attuare le decisioni del Concilio di Trento. Il territorio portoghese continuò a essere riorganizzato in nuove diocesi, mentre altre furono riunite. Così le diocesi di Leiria (da quella di Coimbra) e Miranda (da quella di Braga) furono create nel 1545, cinque anni dopo quella di Portalegre (da quella di Évora) e nel 1570 quella di Elvas, mentre quella di Tangeri fu soppressa. Nel 1577 la diocesi di Silves fu trasferta a Faro. Nel 1645 Ceuta passò alla Spagna.
Durante le guerre d'indipendenza con la Spagna alla fine del XVI secolo e inizio del XVII, i rapporti con la Santa Sede si deteriorarono. Migliorarono brevemente sotto il re Giovanni V del Portogallo, che sostenne Roma nella guerra contro i turchi. Sotto papa Clemente XI si riorganizzò l'arcidiocesi di Lisbona: la città fu divisa in Lisbona occidentale e orientale, diventando la prima il Patriarcato di Lisbona. Le due arcidiocesi furono di nuovo riunite sotto il patriarcato nel 1740.
Nel 1759 i gesuiti furono espulsi dal paese e il re José I, insieme al suo potente ministro Pombal, cercò in tutti i modi di limitare l'influenza della Chiesa cattolica e contribuì alla diffusione delle idee del gallicanesimo e del giansenismo.
Nel 1770 furono create le diocesi di Beja, Bragança, Penafiel e Pinhel. Quattro anni dopo fu creata quella di Aveiro e nel 1778 quella di Penafiel fu sciolto. Nel 1780 le diocesi di Bragança e Miranda furono riunite in un'unica diocesi.
Dopo la rivoluzione del 1820 il Portogallo divenne una monarchia costituzionale e l'influenza della Chiesa fu ridimensionata. Nel 1822 il Brasile divenne indipendente. Nel 1834 il governo anticlericale chiuse molti monasteri ed espulse il nunzio apostolico. Le relazioni diplomatiche con la Santa Sede furono ripristinate nel 1841. Nel corso del XIX secolo le diocesi di Elvas, Castelo Branco, Portalegre, Aveiro, Pinhel e Leiria (1881) furono abolite, formalmente o de facto. Alla fine del XIX secolo un certo numero di associazioni cattoliche laiche sorsero nel paese. Nel 1910 un'altra rivoluzione ebbe luogo nel paese rovesciando la monarchia e portando all'istituzione di un governo repubblicano. Un certo numero di misure repressive furono prese contro i cattolici e molti vescovi e religiosi furono imprigionati, i seminari furono chiusi e il patrimonio immobiliare della Chiesa nazionalizzato. Le proteste di molti statisti e figure di spicco dell'intellighenzia portarono poi alla fine della persecuzione.
Nel 1917 a Fatima apparve la Vergine Maria a tre bambini. Dopo il rapido riconoscimento dei fenomeni da parte della Chiesa come autentici, facilitato anche dal Miracolo del sole a cui assistettero decine di migliaia di persone, Fatima si trasformò in uno dei più grandi centri di pellegrinaggio del pianeta.
Nel XX secolo ci furono alcuni cambiamenti territoriali con il ristabilimento della diocesi di Leira nel 1918 e Aveiro nel 1938, la creazione di Vila Real nel 1922 dalle diocesi di Braga, Bragana e Miranda e Lamego e il cambio di nome nel 1956 da Portalegre a Portalegre-Castelo Branco.
Il regime dittatoriale di Salazar, che governò dal 1932 al 1970, trattò favorevolmente la Chiesa cattolica. Nel 1940 un concordato fu concluso con il Vaticano. Nel 1967, 50º anniversario delle apparizioni di Fatima, papa Paolo VI visitò il Portogallo. La questione dell'atteggiamento nei confronti del regime dittatoriale divise la società cattolica: mentre la
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我们国家自己建设三个，我国自己建设的三个机组比苏联建的更精美、耐用。丹江的引水工程，毛泽东时代都已经搞起来了，正是邓小平的分田到户使引水工程停了二三十年，否则南水北调工程早就送水了。二是丹江水库的建设和引水工程是在毛主席创造的人民公社体制下进行的，没有人民公社组织就不会有今天的丹江水库和南水北调。人民公社是农村社会主义集体经济组织，1975年宪法上有明文规定，邓小平取消人民公社是违背国家大法的。三是国务院那位领导人到处讲“联产承包”责任制是在继续骗人，是打着红旗反红旗，挂羊头卖狗肉的话。谁都知道，邓、万之流编造的小岗村经验就是分田到户、分垮生产队。原来生产队是集体经济生产单位，分田到户后退回成解放前的单干，类似封建社会小农经济。当今全世界都搞大农业，只有中国领导人用小农经济思想破坏已经建成的社会主义规模经营。国务院那个领导人把36年前搞的小农私有制当“宝贝”经验到处宣传，他到底想干什么？
丹江水库送水成功，使我们更进一步认识到毛主席治水真是起到了改天换地为人民造福的作用，体现了劳动人民对整个社会的贡献。而那些邓小平的追随者，只迷信个人手中的权力和财富，他们关心的是官场的名利和资产阶级腐朽生活，根本不会关心劳动人民的死活。这话不是随便说的，春节前农民工讨薪的遭遇，使全国劳动人民痛心。但愿当权者能听进去，乃人民之大幸。
袁玉冰，谱名袁光鉴（鉴），字玉冰，别号孟冰、冰冰。江西兴国县崇贤乡上沔村（今划归泰和县老营盘镇管辖）人。早期袁玉冰组织了江西第一个革命团体“鄱阳湖社”，后更名为以改造社会作为宗旨的“江西改造社”，且为主要负责人兼《新江西》主编。积极参加“五四”运动。他是江西传播马列主义先驱、江西中国共产党和中国社会主义青年团组织的主要创始人，赣南第一位中共党员。历任共青团上海市委员会书记、共青团江西区委书记兼任中共江西区委秘书和宣传部长、中共兴国县委书记、中共九江地委书记、中共赣西特委兼任书记等职。1927年12月因叛徒出卖被捕，英勇就义。当时袁玉冰与后来赣东北革命根据地及中国工农红军第十军的创建者、军事家方志敏，及早期江西中共、共青团组织主要创始人赵醒侬被并称为“江西革命三杰”。
矢愿从今坚立志，要为世界主人翁。清光绪二十五年一月十八日（1899年2月27日），袁玉冰出生江西兴国县崇贤乡上沔村一户贫苦农户家里。他家境贫寒，为了分担父母肩上的重担，袁玉冰从小就放牛、割草、砍柴。农民出身的袁玉冰对贫苦农民生活有着刻骨铭心记忆，从小就立下了要拯救劳苦大众水火之中崇高志向。
清宣统二年（1910年），11岁的袁玉冰入私垫。民国3年（1914年），袁玉冰入兴国县高兴圩成德小学就读高小。当时，学校有些出身富豪家庭的学生，有的甚至染上了赌博抽烟、酗酒打架的恶习。袁玉冰对这种流氓习气非常厌恶，在老师和同学的支持下，创立学生自治会，带头发起禁止抽烟喝酒、禁止旷课、禁止打架的“三禁活动”。他还创办了学生阅书社，由学生自愿捐款，购置书刊。
民国7年（1918年）秋，袁玉冰考入江西省立南昌第二中学。青年学生时代，目睹在帝国主义侵略下的国家危亡局势和社会黑暗状况，激发了爱国热忱，立志要为苦难的中国寻求出路。在校期间，他发起成立学生自治会，敢于抨击封建礼教的陈规陋习和繁文缛节，在社会交往中主张“十不”：不用字和号；不说客套话；不宴会；不敬茶；不递烟；不回拜；不贺年拜节；不留客送客；不送无谓礼；不做应酬文。即倡导诚实守信、求真务实、简朴节俭的新风尚。
1919年，举世瞩目“五四”运动爆发了。5月7日，为了响应和声援这次爱国运动，召开了南昌市学生代表大会，袁玉冰作为南昌二中的学生代表出席了这次大会。接着，他和同学们一起，参加了声势浩大的示威游行，并在街头发表演说，号召人民行动起来，反对卖国求荣的北洋政府，反对日本帝国主义的侵略，提倡国货，抵制日货，并将搜查到的日货当众烧毁。他们的行动被一些因循守旧的人讥为“过激”，还称他们为“过激党”。袁玉冰则在《答友人》一诗中，针锋相对地断言：我看将来定为“过激党”的天下，“盖势所必至，而理所难逃”。这一年，袁玉冰正好20岁，写了一首题为《二十初度感怀》诗：
光阴去太匆匆，忽忽年临二十中。
矢愿从今坚立志，要为世界主人翁。
国势阽危抱杞忧，挽回深愧乏良谋，
才疏漫与终军比，弱冠空贻识者羞。……
原来我亦是贫家，那得金钱用似沙，
游年多年消钜费，从今敢不力惩奢。
袁玉冰此诗，抒发了对祖国前途命运关心和立志革命抱负。如果说他的这首诗是个刚过20岁的风华后生对理想抱负的直接反悔，那么他对学友的劝勉则从侧面表现了他立身处世的准则与态度。他的《赠周君转学心远中学》写道：
世事原来少自由，一时失意不烦愁，
劝君莫把东隅恋，且看桑榆尚可怕。
他活用日出东方，晚景桑榆作比，鼓励朋友不要贪恋往日的成功，更要努力争取日后的胜利，其奋发进取的精神溢于言表。他在《赠弟》中说得更是透彻明白：
人生难得是青春，要学汤铭日日新。
但嘱加鞭须趁早，莫抛岁月负双亲。
据《尚书》载：商汤浴盘上的铭词说：“苟日新，日日新，又日新。”以此勉励弟弟日新月异，奋发有为。由这些诗我们不难看出，青年袁玉冰的革命志趣，崇高理想与伟大抱负是何等的高洁执着。
江西传播马列主义的先驱。“五四”运动以后，袁玉冰的思想由追求爱国真理开始向共产主义者转变。这一转变，他曾作《无题》一首予以明确表述，其中有反思，更有充满自信的自励，诗曰：
弹指流光又一年，倔强顽劣尚依然。
从今矢醒黄梁梦，猛向前途力著鞭。
从此，袁玉冰开始阅读《新青年》、《每周评论》等进步书刊，探求救国救民道路。对李大钊在《新青年》发表宣传十月革命即1917年11月7日（儒略历10月25日）列宁领导的武装起义、建立了无产阶级政权──苏维埃政权和由马克思主义政党领导的第一个社会主义国家，社会主义和马列主义文章产生了浓厚兴趣，并逐渐认识到，组织进步社团，创办刊物，努力提高中国人民觉悟，是进行革命首要任务。
1919年下半年，袁玉冰邀请后成为中共优秀的领导干部、马列主义的活动家、中国国民革命军新编第四军的创造者之一黄道，及徐先兆、石廷瑜、黄在璇、刘轶、黄家煌、郑洪江等7位同学，组织了江西第一个革命团体“鄱阳湖社”。他们当时都在南昌二中读书，又是同班同学，风华正茂，血气方刚，经常在一起议论国事，激杨文字，抨击时弊，被同学们戏称为“江西八大家”。后来们感到鄱阳湖社这个名称无法体现团体宗旨，遂次年12月更名为以改造社会作为宗旨的“江西改造社”。
1921年1月1日，“五四”运动后江西第一个革命团体“江西改造社”在南昌二中宣布正式成立。到会的9位社员公推袁玉冰为会议主席。会上决定出版发行《新江西》季刊，并推举袁玉冰为改造社主要负责人兼《新江西》主编。《新江西》第一卷第一号，5月1日问世。袁玉冰为创刊号撰写了《本刊宣言》，阐明改造社的政治主张。他说：“改造社的宗旨，是主张改造社会的。发行本刊，就是改造社会的一种方法。我们改造社会，先在江西做起，……所以就叫做《新江西》。”他在宣言中还提出了根本上改造社会的三项主张：“一、发展德谟克拉西的真精神；打破一切权威和阶级制度。——如军阀……对于平民，资本家对于劳动者，男人对于女子，……的各种不平等的制度。二、劳工神圣，是我们良心的主张。要使他们有觉悟，能主动；引着他们到光明的路上去。三、社会上没有真是非，不是是非颠倒，就是‘黑白不分’。我们对于社会的一切现象，惟有下严格公正的批评，由此才寻得真理来。”最后，袁玉冰明确指出：“我们的最终目的，在使这个黑暗的‘旧江西’变成一个光明的新江西。”《新江西》自问世那天起，就成为反帝、反封建、反军阀斗争匕首、投枪，成为江西第一个宣传马列主义革命刊物。伴随着《新江西》广泛发行，其影响日益扩大，一批先进青年先后参加改造社。
当时的这江西首个革命团体改造社成员，曾以《新江西》为阵地，开展过“主义问题”和“政治问题”的争论。“主义问题”实际上是要不要马列主义的问题；“政治问题”实际上是要不要参加革命实际活动的问题。这场争论直接影响着和决定着南昌学生运动的方向，在争论中袁玉冰等人驳斥了反对者的言论，指出了学习马克思主义和参加实际政治斗争的重要性。袁玉冰说：没有主义的信仰是再危险不过的。马克思的共产主义是激进中的能够实现的主义，只要看他主张非妥协的阶级斗争和无产阶级掌握政权，就很可以坚定我们的信仰了。但是他又指出，信仰马克思主义不等于拿马克思主义作教条。因此，他告诫大家不要犯经院派的错误，不能只是空谈而不注意中国的社会实际，如果这样空谈，自然是落空中的落空。
因屡遭“江西警察厅”的蛮横干涉和查禁，《新江西》当时只出3期，但袁玉冰先后发表文章31篇，他在《我的希望新江西》一文中，就痛斥了官僚政客军阀财主祸国殃民的罪行，“过去的江西，现在的江西，都是充满了黑沉沉的、阴惨惨的色彩。社会上没有一桩事，不受官僚政客军阀的支配”。同时他对劳苦大众寄予了深切的感情。他说：“可怜的三千万男女同胞，在这黑无天日，惨无人道的地狱里面过非人的生活，真是言之伤心！”他号召人民“应该有真正彻底的觉悟、牺牲奋斗的决心；把那些阻碍的荆棘，一刀斩去，尽力去杀出一线光明的道路来”。袁玉冰成为江西传播马列主义的先驱。
袁玉冰主编的《新江西》杂志不愧为当时江西思想界的一颗明星，起到了时代喉舌的作用，受到了广大先进知识分子和青年的热烈欢迎。尽管它从出版的第一天起，就一再遭到军阀当局的干涉和迫害，但它流传的地域和影响相当大，不仅江西各地拥有大量读者，甚至上海、北京、广州、武昌等地也有所见，1923年春，《新江西》虽然被迫停刊了，但是旅居上海、南昌的20余名江西先进青年，接过袁玉冰未竟的事业，又于同年10月创办了《新江西半月刊》，继续从事反对北洋军阀的统治和传播马克思主义的工作。
其时，由于追求进步、倾向革命，改造社很快吸引了众多有志青年学生加入。至1922年，会员一度达到100多人，黄道、邵式平、方志敏、涂振农、邹努等都是该社社员。其中邵式平后成为革命家、军事家，著名的农民运动领袖，弋横暴动的主要领导人之一，闽浙赣苏区和红十军的创建者与领导者之一，也是闽赣苏区的创建人和主要领导人之一。邹努后成为中共早期干部、英烈。涂振农后成为中共早期干部、叛徒。
1922年6月，在南昌江西省立甲种工业学校就读方志敏在报名参加了改造社后，与袁玉冰以及随后结交的赵醒侬，为了一个共同革命理想和目标，携手合作并肩战斗，日后被人们誉为“江西三杰”。
改造社随着组织的扩大，社员分布极为广泛，以江西为主，北京、上海、湖南、四川甚至日本均有。为了加强对改造社的组织领导，袁玉冰于1922年11月提出了改造社的八条社规，作为社旨的补充：“一、积极的破坏不良的社会制度；二、社员只能信仰主义，绝不能信仰任何宗教；三、对于民主革命的政党只能援助，不能加入；四、社员须有一种体力劳动或精神劳动的正当职业；五、社员不得为资本家的助手，如工程师……之类；六、社员生活平民化，如坐人力车、穿华丽衣服……等应禁止；七、社员不得有不良的嗜好，如嫖赌烟酒之类；八、社员对下面各种应该有研究：1、马克思学说；2、社会学；3、外国语—至少一种；4、世界语。”社规强化了对社员的要求，提高了改造社的革命战斗力和社员的水平，表明改造社的思想已逐步转向马克思主义。改造社集合了江西一批先进知识分子，为反对北洋军阀在江西的统治，为在江西开展新文化运动和宣传马克思主义，进行了英勇的斗争，起了重要的作用。奇纳河国际信托授予公司建投首座经济学家周金涛，江湖人时间的周半，200年来次贷危险的成预测，2013增加真实情况具有某个时代特征的的转折点，全球资产价钱动乱在2015成预测。无价值的的是，周金涛死于巨蟹宫2016，他在奇纳河的过活中终属了20个使用着的奇纳河经济的预报。，一倍是一：奇纳河的真实情况是迷失在2017，有效极度的授予有益的品质，重购黄金2019。
2016年3月16日，在沙龙季节性竞赛中，周金涛颁发了一篇题为《性命是Kang Bo》的演讲。，本文论述了经济具有某个时代特征的学说和俗界的资产学说。，作出以下判别：
1. 性命的财神轨迹是康德拉蒂夫具有某个时代特征的。，任一具有某个时代特征的是60年，任一人的天然地有效期是60年。。
2。财神的堆积不应被以为是你的最大限度的。，财神的堆积完整是鉴于给你的机遇。。
3.
生活单独的很，也许每个机遇都不注意被诱惹，生活不注意财神。也许你诱惹其击中要害任一机遇，无论如何任一中产阶级。
4. 康德到处被划分为任一回复阶段。、兴旺的、衰退、箫条。这种经验的具有某个时代特征的是从衰退到衰退。，将来的十年不得不要在吹长笛中渡过。。
5.
2015年是全球经济及资产价钱的要紧拐点，这等比中数在将来四到五年，资产的总体报酬率，它甚至可能性是任一破财。2016到2017是滞胀，资产的流动的可能性不存在。。2017到2019年间可能性涌现流动的危险。。
6. 2017年中期、三一节后，会有在奇纳河和协会经过的资产价钱片面下跌，2019的最小化，大约地低点可能性比全部地设想的要低得多。。
7. 规劝全部地，也许你想拉
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more of TV a day have an effect on cognitive outcomes? And, the answer is, no, being in front of the TV does not have an effect on some measures of language function and visual abilities," Hamel added.
A second study in the same issue of Pediatrics focused on whether or not adding violent-content labels to video games made those games more attractive to school-aged children and teens.
The warning labels had the opposite of their intended effect. Even for the youngest children in the study -- 7 to 8 years old -- a violent-content warning label made them want to play the game more, the U.S. and Dutch researchers found.
Here's what the American Academy of Pediatrics has to say about TV and toddlers.
SOURCES: Marie Evans Schmidt, Ph.D., research associate, Center on Media and Child Health, Children's Hospital Boston, and instructor, pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Sara Hamel, M.D., developmental behavioral pediatrician, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh; March 2009, Pediatrics现在的中国，进入了更高层次的“资本经济”的时代。从经济层面讲，社会上有三类人，你是哪类？
第一，资源者。他们是资源的最直接拥有者，依靠出卖自己的资源生存，比如农民靠耕地、工人靠体力、医生靠技能、作家靠写作等等。
第二，配置者。资源是谁的不重要，关键要有资源配置权。这类人依靠配置资源挣钱，从事资源的投入-整合-运营-产出工作，以企业家为主，创业者也属于此类。
第三，资本家/投资人。他们离资源最远，但是所有资源却统统归他们掌控，他们只躲在幕后玩操作游戏。风险投资者就属于此类人，比如孙正义投资马云，阿里巴巴上市使他大获成功。资本家无国界，他们可以控制全球资源流向；可以通过金融体系支配大量别人的资产。Tradition and consumption
Pomegranate is one of the "seven kinds" mentioned in the Bible which Greece was blessed with long ago. It grew in the region for thousands of years and is very much adapted to it: it sheds its leaves in the cold of our winters, while it sprouts in early spring when temperatures rise.
Nice colour and crown are very important characteristics of the fruit. Consumers in Greece do not distinguish pomegranate according to names. Merchants know two groups: sweet and sour cvs. Therefore the price is decided mainly by appearance. There are objective difficulties in eating pomegranates. The edible grains have to be separated from the hard rind and from the bitter yellow diaphragms. The juice stains hands and clothes. Therefore "tools" are needed to prepare the fruit for eating while many other fruits can be eaten directly. There were attempts to serve the consumers with a "ready to eat" product of separated grains. Those products are hand prepared and have not gained popularity yet because of their high price. We believe that the market for the fruit can be expanded if good products are available to the consumers.
In the past, pomegranates were cultivated in Greece in mixed orchards like many other trees. They still grow this way in home gardens. Modern cultivation is in uniform blocks of 1-5 hectares size, which are cultivated using modern technology, as will be described.
The aim of the growers is to produce more than 30 tons per hectare of high quality fruits. Big fruit obtain higher price than small one. Fruit weight should be more than 400 grams. Small fruits have no market. The fruit should have nice colour, preferably red with a nice crown. Grains should be pink-red, large, sweet with pleasant aroma. The seeds should be soft.
Except for very calcareous or saline soils the pomegranate can be successfully grown in all soils. Most orchards in Greece are planted in medium or heavy soils with good drainage. In heavy soils ridges are sometimes prepared to have a better aeration of the root system in order to obtain higher production. There is no problem to plant in light-sandy soils as all orchards are well irrigated and can be irrigated even daily with the needed amount of water.
Tree shape and orchard design
The shape and size of the mature trees should influence the orchard design. Generally in Greece the trees are standing alone, producing all around the tree. No hedges are created. As the planting material of pomegranate is very cheap (many people just plant unrooted cuttings), there is a tendency to overcrowd the orchard. In a crowded orchard, production is lowered, fruits are set only at the top of the trees, colouring is bad and distribution of spraying materials is very bad. Therefore the planting distances are generally 6×4 m or 6×5 m, except for the semi dwarf cultivars where planting distances could be somewhat closer like 5×3 m.
Generally a tree will have few trunks 3-5 in a modern orchards while there were 5-12 in old
orchards. The trees are trained to grow as an open vase. In such a way that light penetrates the trees from between the rows as well as from the inside of the trees. If the main trunks are bent too much, binding them with strong material to the opposite side branches is carried out.
New branches appear on the exposed trunks. They are hand removed few times during the
season while suckers are sprayed by 2,4D compounds. For renewing old trunks, new branches are left one per trunk. They can replace a trunk within 2-3 years of growth.
The light penetration from between the rows depend on the distance between the rows and on the height of the trees. In the previously mentioned distances, tree height should not exceed 3.0-3.5 m. Higher trees will be more expensive to harvest as fruits will be mostly at the top of the trees. All manual treatments will be more expensive, and sprays of pesticides will be less effective.
In order to achieve the desired shape of trees they are pruned in the winter, some care is taken also in the summer. In the winter pruning the height of the trees is brought back to the desired height. Broken, bent, and interfering branches are removed. In order to keep the interior of the tree open during growing season, summer pruning is carried out according to needs.
All commercial pomegranate orchards in Greece are irrigated, almost all of them by drip irrigation by one or two lines of drippers per row. Microsprinklers can be used too. However, in order not to wash away the pesticides drip irrigation is preferred. Irrigation once a week is widespread, while some growers irrigate more frequently. As all irrigation systems in Greece have some means of control, there is no problem to irrigate twice a week and by this to have the roots closer to the surface and have better production. No experiments were carried out in this subject. Amount of irrigation per day depends very much on the climate. A general guide is to start with 15m3 /hectare/day in the spring, and raise the daily amount to 50 m /hectare/day in the summer days close to harvesting. The total amount of water per season is around 6000 m /hectare, in addition to 4500 m3 /hectare of rain. After harvest very little irrigation is carried out.
Fertilisers are supplied via the irrigation system. About 200-300 kg/hectare nitrogen are given annually with about the same amount of potassium (K2O). Some growers clean their drip system by phosphoric acid. By this treatments phosphorus is given too.
No fertirrigation experiments were done in Greece. The amounts used are from general knowledge in other plants.
Most orchards were never manured like most other fruit trees in Greece. Some farmers add rotten organic manure below the dripper lines. They claim that by this method the root system becomes slower.
The most important work in commercial cultivation of pomegranate is plant protection mainly
against fruit insects. If fruits are not treated well every fruit will be infected. Therefore the
regular treatment is spraying every 10-14 days with organic phosphor compounds which are gradually replaced in consecutive sprays. While all are effective against virachola only "Cypermethrins and others Pyrethrins" are good for cryptoblabes too. The materials used solved problems of other insects also, but are not environmentally friendly.
The cryptoblabes enters the crown where eggs are laid. If it is not prevented, there is crown rot towards ripening or in storage. The best way to control this insect is by biological control by treating with B.T.
The growth of young plants is infected by aphids. While in mature orchards fruit sprays kill the
aphids too, in young orchards a considerable addition of growth was obtained by treating with
"Kohinor, Caza, Confidur" (Imidacloprid).
There are some orchards where organic methods are applied. There, weed control is only by
mowing, while nets cover the orchards. This way, while quite effective, is very expensive. Sometimes
shading caused by the nets reduce flower differentiation and reduce yields.
Under Greecei growing conditions where water is scare, pomegranate as other orchards are kept clean from weeds. The old system of cultivation in two directions is expensive. When irrigation systems of either drip or microsprinkler lines exist, the land is cultivated in one direction only or is not cultivated at all. Weed control is done by herbicides.
Annual weeds are controlled mainly with preemergence weed killers such as simazine. After
germination, weeds are controlled by "Glyphosate (Meteor, Herbolex, Roundup)" (there might be a damage in young plants) for monocotyledone plants, and with 2,4-D derivatives for dicotyledones. The combination of both is used when needed. For contact killing of some plants minute amounts of "Oxylfurfen (Galigan, Goal)" are added when necessary.
Preeharvest treatments of fruit
In order to obtain big fruits of high quality, there is a need to thin fruits. As in many other fruit
species there is a negative correlation between the number of fruits and their size. Even distribution of fruits on the branches is desired: about 5 fruits on a group of small branches with a good (20 cm) distance between the fruits. Where a group of fruits develops, the touching fruits are removed. If fruits touch each other, the touching place has favourable conditions for development of insects.
From their local experience, farmers know how much they can load the tree without influencing fruit size. For example when a farmer has 400 trees per hectare (6×4 planting distance) and is aiming for 30 tons of 500 g fruits each, he will need 150 1⁄2 kg fruits per tree at harvest. The fruits should be well distributed in the canopy. Some farmers thin more than once.
In order to obtain fruits without damage to the rind and with good colour, some farmers clean the small branches around the fruits which might scratch the fruit. By doing this they also expose the fruit to sunlight. There is an idea to use reflective plastic sheets underneath the foliage to improve colour. This has not yet been experimented.
The main disorder which causes a severe economic impact is splitting of ripe fruit. The damage can be even of half of the yield.
Regular irrigation can decrease the damage. However regular irrigation as is done in the
commercial orchards in Greece does not prevent it completely.
Some growers claim that if they leave more fruits on a tree the phenomena is bigger, and that
thinning helps to reduce it. Another explanation is that when they leave more fruits per tree and wait for it to attain regular size, the grains swell and crack the rind.
Another damage is the sunburn on fruit rind which reduces its value. The damage happens only at a certain physiological stage of fruit development. In cvs which have a willowy canopy there is no damage.
Harvesting, packing and storage
As mentioned before, more than in other fruits, pomegranates are used for decorative purposes. Therefore the most important criteria for beginning of harvesting is the external appearance, mainly the colour but also the "fullness" of the fruit.
For some reason the sour cvs are red, while the sweet ones are more pinkish or greener.
Generally when a cv. starts to be harvested in Greece its eating quality is not good enough. It is improved later on. Fruits of early cvs are harvested selectively, while late cvs are harvested all together.
When harvested, stalkless fruits are arranged in plastic boxes so that the stalk will not damage it’s neighbouring fruit. As the fruit crown should be kept unharmed the fruits are put manually on the weighting plate of the grading machines – avoiding the elevator and singulator parts. After careful observation of external appearance fruits are packed according to size in 21⁄2 kg cardboxes for export and around 8 kg for the local market.
When supply is bigger than the demand, and for prolonging the season, fruits can be stored in cold storage. Fruits are kept at 7 C and 90% R.h. Only clean fruits with no insect damage, especially clear of criptoblabos gnidiella damages, are stored. Fruits damaged by the insect may rot in storage.
Fruits can be easily stored for a period of 3 months. If the stored fruit is not mature, external
browning of the rind occur. Pomegranates can be stored in the ambient conditions for quite a long time. The rind dries and turns brown but the inside grains are kept well.
Needs for the future
In many countries, the pomegranate which is a traditional crop, or a new crop, needs more
investment in research and development. In order to base the knowledge on sound ground, such are the needs for fertilising, for irrigation and for other horticultural practices.
More environmentally-friendly plant protection practices have to be developed, as the markets
demand cleaner (from pesticides) fruits, than it obtains today.
Better cultivars, of higher internal quality of fruits, have to be cultivated. Standards of quality are needed in the markets. Cooperation in research, development and exchange of the existing knowledge are some of the first steps towards better production and products.Ransomware is on the rise. In late 2016, a report released by Malwarebytes stated the following: “Nearly 80 percent of organizations have been the victim of a cyber attack during the past 12 months and nearly 50 percent have been the victim of a ransomware attack.”
The report also indicated that almost 40 percent of all the victims, in fact, paid the ransom.
That means that ransomware is an undeniable threat to every individual and company. The question now is, what is ransomware exactly, and how can you defend yourself against it?
What Is Ransomware?
Ransomware is a type of malicious software that encrypts access to files stored on a computer or smartphone. Simply put, you can’t access the “blocked” files anymore, and the only way to unlock the files is to pay the “ransom.” Typically, a ransom has to be paid in Bitcoin or other cryptocurrency.
Moreover, there are various variants of ransomware; some are extremely aggressive and advanced, while others are less threatening and can be decrypted (unlocked) by tech-savvy users.
An example of advanced ransomware is WannaCry. It was reported that the attack affected more than 200,000 computers across 150 countries. As you can image, an attack of this magnitude caused a lot of damage, which was estimated to range from hundreds of millions to billions of dollars.
Ransomware attacks are mostly launched via a Trojan. The Trojan then enters the system when a user downloads a file that masks the Trojan.
In 67% of all the incidents, a Trojan enters a system through phishing emails. That means that people are tricked into opening a fake email and download the malicious file (of which they think is a legit file).
Software development companies constantly push software fixes and patch security vulnerabilities through the release of software updates.
However, a lot of people fail to install important updates in time, which means their device is vulnerable to (ransomware) attacks.
When the ransomware is nestled in your system, it will lock files and encrypt data. Regardless the type of ransomware, the goal of the hackers is always to extort a ransom (payment) from the victim.
According to Tom’s Guide, the ransom ranges from $300 to $700 dollar for victims in the United States.
How to Defend Yourself Against Ransomware
As mentioned before, if you’re victim of a highly-advanced type of ransomware, chances are that the only way of getting your files unlocked is by paying the ransom.
However, there are some ways to weapon yourself better against ransomware. The goal is to minimize the risk to become a victim – or not have your system infected in the first place.
Phishing Emails & Attachments
Now you know that 67% of all successful ransomware attacks came through an email inbox, it’s incredibly important to never open any unknown emails. If you accidently open an email, know that there’s no harm done yet, but you must never download any attachments of these emails.
It’s a relatively big chance that the attachment contains some type of ransomware, hidden in a Trojan application.
There are quite a few signs that should ring the alarm bells when it comes to phishing emails, but you have to be aware what these signs are.
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Vulnerabilities in, for example, your Windows operating system and any other software program installed on your device, are fixed through updates. It’s therefore essential to always update your software as soon as possible.
Many of us don’t check daily updates of the software installed on our devices, so that means it’s best to simply enable automatic updates for trusted software programs. This will allow the software to automatically update itself minutes after the release – and you don’t have to worry about anything!
Antivirus & Anti-malware
A good antivirus program is an essential factor to keep your device protected from threats – be that a computer or smartphone.
As an additional layer of protection, install an anti-malware program that runs alongside your antivirus.
There are plenty of antivirus and anti-malware applications for Windows, Android and macOS. However, there are fewer options for iOS devices.
Apple designed their iOS products specifically to provide the best possible protection for its users. The framework of iOS devices is build in a way which limits the apps installed on an iOS to communicate with each other.
However, jailbroken iOS devices are not protected by Apple’s security system.
Prevent Paying for a Ransom
The best alternative to neglect a ransom payment is to always keep backups of your files and data. When you regularly create backups of your system, the damage is fairly limited.
Even if you lose certain files, you can always rely on the latest backup.
It’s important to store a backup of your data on a secure cloud storage platform or on an external hard drive.
If you don’t want to remind yourself to create backups, simply enable automatically generated backups. It’s up to you how often you want to create backups, but I’d say once a week is sufficient.
Practice Smart Computing
When you browse the internet, use common sense to protect yourself. When it comes to real-life, you won’t walk into a dark alley all by yourself when you’re in a bad neighborhood. Apply that same common sense when
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او می گوید که چگونه بسیاری از انقلاب ها یک چرخه را با یک چرخه دستگیره ایجاد می کند. نسبت دنده سرعت سیم پیچ را نشان می دهد. در یک کویل جهانی، این شاخص در محدوده 4.6 تا 5.5 است. همچنین مجاز به استفاده از کویل های با سرعت بالا با تعداد انقلاب های بالای 6 است.
یکی دیگر از شاخص ها، تعیین کننده، نحوه انتخاب یک میله فیدر و یک کویل برای مبتدیان، حضور ترمز اصطکاک قابل تنظیم است. این می تواند جلو یا عقب باشد. کویل با ترمز جلو معمولا راحت تر و فشرده تر است.
یک مرور کلی از محبوب ترین میله ها برای فیدر
در بازار دنده ماهیگیری، چندین تولید کننده کاملا ثابت کرده اند. آنها با استفاده از فن آوری های مدرن از مواد با کیفیت بالا استفاده می کنند، بنابراین در قابلیت اطمینان شما نمیتوانید شک داشته باشید. مطمئن باشید که به میله نگاه کنید:
mikado این شرکت معروف شده است نه تنها توسط میله های فیدر با شکوه، بلکه همچنین قیمت های موجود برای طیف گسترده ای از ماهیگیران. بهترین میله های ماهیگیری توسط چوب با طول 360 سانتی متر شناخته می شود. Mikado Long Mental Gear بهتر است که انتخاب شود، زیرا آنها خیلی سنگین هستند، که حساسیت به طور قابل توجهی از دست رفته است؛
شیمانو این یک تولید کننده ژاپنی است که طیف گسترده ای از میله های فیدر را ارائه می دهد. برای خرید آنها، شما باید یک بودجه متوسط داشته باشید. اساسا، میله های ماهیگیری از فیبر کربن ساخته شده است. Shimano نیز با یک ماده کاملا جدید آزمایش می شود که Geo-Solok نامیده می شود. Geoyoral به شما اجازه می دهد تا در همان زمان با استحکام خوب و انعطاف پذیری از میله ها دست یابید. چنین چوب ها راحت نگه داشتن در دست هستند؛
شرکت بالتیک نامیده می شود salmo تولید ماهیگیری برای ماهیگیران با بودجه ضعیف. با این حال، این شرکت دارای پایه تولید خود نیست، آن را اجزای اجزای دیگر از شرکت های ماهیگیری را سفارش می دهد. بنابراین، کیفیت دنده در سطح مناسب است؛
فیدر banaks picolo به طور خاص برای ماهیگیری در شرایط روسیه توسعه یافته است. هر مدل دارای نوک اضافی است که طول چوب را برای 50 سانتیمتر افزایش می دهد. میله های ماهیگیری ساخته شده از فیبر کربن با کیفیت بالا - گرافیت، که بسیار آسان و قدرت است؛
لذت بردن از ماهیگیری ماهیگیری می تواند هنگام گرفتن ماهی با فیدرهای ژاپنی دریافت کنید دله . در طیف گسترده ای می توانید هر دو میله های سبک حرفه ای و سنگین را پیدا کنید. مقابله با قدرت بی نظیر
لجن
برای ماهیگیری فیدر، آنها از محصولات هر دو مونونیوم و ترکهک استفاده می کنند. برای کارشناسان تازه کار ماهیگیران کارشناسان توصیه می کنند که یک خط ماهیگیری را با قطر حداقل 0.16 میلیمتر بدست آورید. همچنین باید به قدرت بار که خط برنزه یا ماهیگیری باید مقاومت کند توجه کند. برای تقویت، شما همچنین می توانید یک قطر یک تک تک از 0.18 میلی متر و یا 0.16 میلی متر برای یک خط ماهیگیری کوتاه مدت انتخاب کنید. هنگام انتخاب خط ماهیگیری باید کیفیت حلقه های جریان را در نظر بگیرید. اگر فیدر ارزان خریداری شود، حلقه های آن به ندرت حفاظت بیشتری در قالب درج های متراکم در داخل دارد. برای چنین محصولاتی مناسب برای مونیون، طراحی شده برای یک ماهی کوچک است. برای Wicker، حلقه ها باید درج های محافظتی داشته باشند تا در روند ماهیگیری رخ ندهد.
پس از خواندن تمام ویژگی هایی که باید در حل مسئله در نظر گرفته شود، چگونه می توان یک میله فیدر را انتخاب کرد، یک ماهیگیر مبتدی قادر خواهد بود گزینه بهینه را انتخاب کند. با تکیه بر توصیه کارشناسان با تجربه، نمی توانید انتخاب موفقیت آمیز تمام دنده های لازم را تردید کنید. ماهیگیری با کمک تجهیزات مناسب، دریا را از خلق و خوی خوب و برداشت های فراموش نشدنی به ارمغان می آورد.
گرفتن خوب!Il calcolatore riportato in questa pagina permette di ottenere indicazioni dietetiche, una valutazione del proprio peso corporeo, del BMI, del WHR, della percentuale di massa grassa e del proprio metabolismo basale.
Per valutare la tua forma fisica avrai bisogno dei seguenti dati:
ANALISI DEI RISULTATI:
Inserisci i tuoi dati nel calcolatore, clicca sul pulsante "Calcola" e scopri il tuo livello di forma!Nelle ultime settimane affiora sempre più, nel dibattito (nel chiacchiericcio?) politico sui giornali e in rete un bisogno crescente di avere al governo politici "competenti". E' l'antico sogno del Governo dei Migliori, il desiderio di essere governati da "uomini dotati di molta saggezza per ben discernere, e molta virtù per perseguire il comune bene della società; e, in secondo luogo, di prendere le precauzioni più efficaci affinché essi si mantengano onesti per tutto il periodo in cui durerà il loro mandato", come si legge nel n. 57 dei Federalist Papers di fine Settecento. Un governo dei genere viene definito "epistocratico", cioè un governo dei "competenti". L'ipotesi torna alla ribalta anche nel libro di Jason Brennan "Contro la democrazia".
L'autore, dopo aver analizzato impietosamente l'attuale sistema di governo dei principali paesi occidentali e non solo, propone di sperimentare una forma di governo “epistocratica” che sia compatibile con parlamenti, elezioni e libertà di parola, ma distribuisca il potere politico in proporzione a conoscenza e competenza. Nella prefazione al volume, il giurista Sabino Cassese dice che questa cosa era in qualche modo in vigore finché le elezioni erano svolte sulla base del censo (e riservate ai maschi, naturalmente; all'epoca, le donne politicamente erano equiparate ai poveracci indipendentemente dalla loro condizione sociale ed economica: comunque inadatte a dire la loro sulla conduzione di un Paese) ma oggi, con il sopravvenuto suffragio universale, non più praticabile. Anche se. Cassese, da buon conoscitore della Costituzione, ci rivela che una piccola scappatoia a tanto universalismo, in realtà, la nostra Carta la contiene. Citiamo:
(...) la Costituzione prevede che la Repubblica abbia il compito di rimuovere gli ostacoli di ordine economico e sociale che, limitando di fatto la libertà e l’uguaglianza dei cittadini, impediscono l’“effettiva partecipazione all’organizzazione politica, economica e sociale del paese”. Quindi, la Costituzione assume che vi siano diseguaglianze di diverso ordine che ostacolano l’effettiva partecipazione politica. I due problemi sollevati dalla dissimmetria, quello dei cittadini non educati e quello dei delegati non competenti, sono stati notati presto dagli osservatori. Ad esempio, John Stuart Mill, nelle Considerazioni sul governo rappresentativo, distingueva cittadini attivi e passivi, sia per cultura politica, sia per interesse. E James Burnham e Jean Meynaud affacciavano nelle loro opere la possibilità che al governo fossero chiamati dei tecnici (tecnocrazia). Di fatto, per circa un secolo, il vuoto creato dal suffragio universale, che non assicura la scelta secondo kratos, aretè ed episteme insieme, è stato riempito da un altro sistema di formazione e di selezione: gli stati hanno delegato il compito di superare le diseguaglianze tra i cittadini, ai fini della partecipazione politica, ai partiti, che hanno svolto il compito di “palestra” per la “Bildung” e la selezione dei candidati. I partiti politici, quindi, hanno supplito gli stati in un compito essenziale, quello di portare persone capaci e con esperienza alla guida di quella macchina complessa che sono oggi i poteri pubblici. Ma, a un certo punto, anche i partiti sono venuti meno, si sono “liquefatti”.
Cassese, ritenendo che nel nostro sistema i poteri si controllino a vicenda e siano in parte frutto di elezioni e in parte del risultato di appositi concorsi, non condivide del tutto la teoria di Brennan per la quale "parlamenti, elezioni in concorrenza e libertà di parola sono compatibili con un regime epistocratico" e "l’unica differenza sarebbe che i cittadini non avrebbero eguale diritto di votare e di essere votati" (insomma, l'istituzione di una specie di patente dell'elettore e del candidato). Il giurista è convinto che ci sia comunque spazio per una ulteriore "epistocratizzazione" della politica. Sfruttando l’articolo 48 della Carta che pur ponendo accurati limiti a questa possibilità (esso dispone che “il diritto di voto non può essere limitato se non per incapacità civile o per effetto di sentenza penale irrevocabile o nei casi di indegnità morale indicata dalla legge”), apre contemporaneamente due spiragli: proprio quello della incapacità civile e quello della riserva di legge finale. E anche se "oggi il suffragio universale è il meccanismo principale per dare legittimità al governo e non se ne può fare a meno, requisiti ulteriori di candidabilità possono essere disposti, insieme ad azioni positive che diano un contenuto al principio di eguaglianza in senso sostanziale".
In pratica, ci pare di capire, in attesa che ogni cittadino e cittadina si acculturi e sia dunque in grado di votare e candidarsi in modo "competente"... mettiamo pure 'ste benedette patenti.
Se serve un governo di "competenti", però, tanto vale eliminare del tutto le elezioni e attuare la proposta che avevamo provocatoriamente avanzato nelle more delle ultime elezioni politiche: scegliamo parlamentari e ministri tramite concorso pubblico!
Naturalmente a noi tutte le considerazioni dei Brennan e dei Cassese, essendo figlie dell'equivoco che continua a considerare democrazia quella che è una tipica oligarchia, ci sembrano ben poco utili per portare un reale cambiamento; al massimo possono rendere un po' più "presentabile" l'attuale sistema in modo da continuare a lasciare cittadine e cittadini fuori dal governo dei loro Paesi. Scusateci, ma preferiamo una reale democrazia.Goldman Sachs ha introdotto Infineon (DE0006231004) nella sua "Conviction Buy List" ed alzato il target sul prezzo da €8,30 a €11,50. Secondo la banca d'affari il ciclo dei semiconduttori si starebbe a sorpresa stabilizzando velocemente. Dato il suo potenziale di crescita strutturale Infineon presenterebbe attualmente una bassa valutazione.《岭云海日楼诗抄(竖排繁体)》是由丘逢甲编著的。丘逢甲（一八六四——一九二），又名仓海，字仙根，号蛰仙，又号仲阏，是我国台湾省籍的爱国诗人，梁启超称他为晚清“诗界革命之巨子”。他一生写了数千首诗，可惜早岁在台湾时期的作品遭焚殆尽，流传于世的祇有《岭云海日楼诗钞》中所收的一千七百余首，但精华尽萃于此。从现存诗篇中，仍可以令人充分地戚受到诗人炽烈的爱国主义激情，深切地了解到他为谋求台湾回归祖国、实现祖国统一的赤诚之心。其中有不少诗，深刻地反映了十九世纪末叶帝国主义瓜分中国的丑恶行径，反映了清季尖锐的阶级矛盾和民族矛盾。今天，一读丘逢甲的诗，对认识中国近代史、了解我国各民族曾经遭受过的深重灾难，从而激发更加强烈的爱国主义热情，是很有裨益的。“Ce nouvel空中客车将成为莫里斯的大使。 ”A350于10月20日星期五下午15点左右到达Plaisance飞机的南部.15。A350飞往simmulic银行的高级机票对于人民给予他的愿景很重要 ，“首相普拉文德贾格纳特敦促他重新出现。
«这是毛里求斯航空公司的一个历史性时刻，并为此付出代价。 毛里求斯航空公司是印度洋航空公司利用A350的首选航空公司。 Cet空中客车首次亮相用轻型作曲家建造的建筑。 我还将允许节省25％的燃料» ，我解释了Pravind Jugnauth。
2023年12月，毛里求斯航空公司确认了八架新客机的到来.Ainsi，第二十架A350正在吸引最多的人。 其他2013年将在2023年为您提供。该航空公司还在2018年拥有一架空中客车A330 Neo公司。您希望在10月19日星期一成为我的会员。
« Nous allons变压器Maurice en Aviation Hub。 La ligne nationale doit restercompétitivesurlemarché。 毛里求斯航空公司值得观看面对辅助民主党。 该战略将从孟买或内罗毕周围的航班起飞 ，“At-il fait ressortir。
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مشاور رهبر معظم ایران با تاکید بر حمایت ایران از ملت و دولت سوریه در مقاومت آن و به ویژه در مقابله با تروریست ها و جریان های افراطی خاطر نشان کرد: "جمهوری اسلامی ایران از تمام ظرفیت خود برای مبارزه و مقابله با تروریست ها كه برعلیه ملت های مظلوم منطقه جنایت می كنند، استفاده می كند و این مبارزه را با همه انواع تروریست ها و فارغ از تقسیم بندی مضحك تروریست های میانه رو وتندرو ادامه خواهد داد".
به گزارش "ایرنا"، رییس جمهور سوریه و مشاور رهبر معظم ایران در باره بعضی مسائل منطقه و همکاری های دوجانبه گفتگو و تبادل نظر کردند.A body mechanic
Scientists build ‘bionic man’ with human functions
NEW YORK — Gentlemen, we can rebuild him, after all. We have the technology.
The term “bionic man” was the stuff of science fiction in the 1970s.
Now, a team of engineers has assembled a robot using artificial organs, limbs and other body parts that comes tantalizingly close to a true “bionic man.” For real, this time.
Engineers attempted to assemble a functioning body using artificial parts that range from a working kidney and circulation system to cochlear and retina implants.
The parts hail from 17 manufacturers around the world.
This is the first time they’ve been assembled together, says Richard Walker, managing director of Shadow Robot Co. and the lead roboticist on the project.
“(It’s) an attempt to showcase just how far medical science has gotten,” he says.
Walker says the robot has about 60 to 70 percent of the function of a human. It can step, sit and stand with the help of a Rex walking machine that’s used by people who’ve lost the ability to walk due to a spinal injury.
It also has a functioning heart that, using an electronic pump, beats and circulates artificial blood, which carries oxygen just like human blood.
An artificial, implantable kidney, meanwhile, replaces the function of a modern-day dialysis unit.
Although the parts used in the robot work, many of them are a long way from being used in humans. The kidney, for example, is only a prototype. And there are some key parts missing: there’s no digestive system, liver or skin. And, of course, no brain.داور مسابقه پس از بازی در گزارش خود ذکر کرد که تیتو، با «عصبانیت» نسبت به قضاوت وی معترض شد، اما سرمربی اف سی بارسلونا ادعا کرد که او تنها برای اعتراض به خطا، با داور صحبت کرده بود.
اف
سی بارسلونا برای اخراج تیتو ویلانووا از زمین، درخواست تجدید نظر خواهد
داشت. بارسا تا ساعت 14 روز پنجشنبه تقاضای خود را به صورت کتبی ارسال
خواهد کرد. گزارش داور بازی پس از مسابقه به این شرح می باشد : «به دلیل اعتراض با لحنی عصبی در طول بازی، با اینکه از کمک داور تذکر دریافت کرده بود، از زمین بازی اخراج شد».
این در حالی است که ویلانووا در کنفرانس مطبوعاتی پس از بازی اظهار داشت
که وی تنها نظر خود را در رابطه با صحنه مشکوک خطا روی بوسکتس، به کمک داور
اعلام کرده بود. وقتی که کمک داور به ویلانووا گفت که اعتراض وارد نیست،
تیتو در جواب به او گفت: «من اعتراض نکردم، فقط به سادگی گفتم که آن صحنه خطا بود».Better Students Ask More Questions.
What are
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library, manageable during a lunchtime break. I am also far from an expert but what I am, is passionate and keen to give it a go.
We call our time Maker Monday's and because of time and space constraints I do limit the number of children participating. I offer each activity to a year level and eventually I will combine groups, particularly when I want older students to team up with and support younger students.
Our first event was open to year six children who created hedgehogs out of weeded library books. I was quite taken aback by the number of boys who turned up ready to fold and create. No cost and heaps of fun. Another event we had was open to year fives. It was a pipe cleaner challenge and they were asked to build the tallest structure they could, using just 14 pipe cleaners. Students were not allowed to use tape or any additional items and were not given any instructions or help. They were in teams of their choice and their willingness to work together was fantastic to see. At one point I asked them to hold a hand behind their back and at another stage they were told not talk to each other. This was based on an idea I saw in Pinterest which is a wonderful tool to use for ideas and planning.
As you can see from the photos children worked well together with some creative thinking, including one student who asked if he held both hands behind his back could his teammate have both his hands free?
No doubt we will find some things will work and others perhaps won’t but we aim to continue trying new ideas and challenges. I hope what this highlights is that makerspaces can be run on a limited budget so there really isn’t any reason not to give it a try.
We want our activities to generate creative thinking and collaboration among students and allow them to give things a go, take risks, and have a little fun along the way. Surely this can only be a good thing. Can it be done bigger and better in a classroom? Absolutely! I am limited by time and cost constraints but my point is that these students came willingly to try new things and I have been inundated with others wanting a turn. Big or small. Cheap or not so cheap, makerspaces offer children a chance to thrive.
http://library.fendalton.school.nz/?p=2102 - Movie clip of pipe cleaner challenge.Muhasebe ve Danışmanlık Şirketi KPMG, müşterilerinin ve çalışanlarının toplantı düzenleyebileceği bir Metaverse ortamı oluşturacağını açıkladı.
KPMG ABD Masası Başkan Yardımcısı ve Operasyon Direktörü Laura Newinski konuya ilişkin şunları kaydetti:
“Metaverse bir pazar fırsatı, yetenekleri yeniden devreye sokmanın bir yolu ve yeni bir ortak çalışma deneyimi aracılığıyla dünyanın dört bir yanındaki insanları birbirine bağlamanın bir yolu”一般用户
等级1
路过旅人
我看见展会上有人将Vive的两个基站都靠墙放置而且可以正常工作，并非是正常的设置在对角线上，这是如何做到的呢？
管理员
您好，这主要取决于您的游戏内容与需求。若是追踪角度仅需要180度，可以将基站设置在同侧，但若是游戏需求是360，且需要较大空间，还是建议设置于对角。Urbanamente richiama un modo di stare nella città civilmente, di pensare alla città e per la città in quanto cittadini. Se la città è luogo della vita sociale, l’essere cittadino non può che significare la relazione tra le persone che vi abitano, le loro diversità, le loro convinzioni. Trovare la forza di confrontarsi apertamente non è semplice ma è necessario. Che cosa significa essere cittadini dopo l’irrompere del Covid 19? Abbiamo bisogno di immaginare un nuovo paesaggio, una nuova città, una nuova società, una nuova economia; un diverso linguaggio che passa per la capacità di pensare nuove relazioni che sappiano ospitare un’ecologia della mente prima che delle cose.“音乐是完美的跑步伙伴。”加拉格尔说，“音乐可以转移你的注意力，避免始终感觉疲劳，降低大脑的‘感知行动’，这样可以让锻炼变得更有趣味。”
生理学研究证明，音乐也能成为情绪和心理的“兴奋剂”，如果在比赛或者训练中，则有安神静气的作用。两届奥运金牌得主凯莉·霍尔姆斯女爵(Dame Kelly Holmes)表示，在2004年雅典奥运夺金前，Alicia Keys的灵魂民谣乐给了她很大帮助。
节奏跟音乐同步，可以帮助跑者保持速度，保持更高效率。埃塞尔比亚长跑运动员格布雷西拉西耶(Haile Gebrselassie)创造世界纪录时，就是根据爵士乐天王约翰·保罗·拉尔金的歌曲《Scatman》把握节奏，因为他觉得这首歌曲的节拍非常符合自己的目标步频。
体育音乐公司AudioFuel曾与运动心理学家共同研发了一种称为“绩效音乐”的音乐，这种振奋精神的音乐是将指导性的句子用高节奏曲调唱出。
文章来源：跑步资料网
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" Vake" گزینه عالی برای مسافران علاقه مند به دیدن مناظر، غذا و کاوش شهر کهن است.Around the world, millions of people are trapped in their jobs, unable to leave because they are threatened with violence or controlled in other ways. Many of these people – and the materials they produce with their labour – are part of the vast and complex global supply chains that feed consumers in both developed and developing countries. While globalisation has brought benefits for companies and consumers through higher profits, lower prices and more choice, it has also created the conditions for abuses to flourish far from the eyes of those enjoying these benefits.
Eradicating modern slavery requires greater transparency and accountability in supply chains. Stronger legal and regulatory frameworks are needed to help both governments and the private sector to understand their responsibilities. Recent positive developments include the 2010 Californian Transparency in Supply Chains (TISC) Act, the proposed U.S. federal Business Supply Chain Transparency on Trafficking and Slavery Act 2014, and the 2015 Modern Slavery Bill in the UK.
Improving the availability of information about how these responsibilities are being met can allow for good practice to be celebrated and failures to be identified and addressed. Civil society has an important role to play here. Recent civil society-led initiatives promoting corporate accountability include Know the Chain, which monitors companies’ compliance with California’s transparency legislation, and Verite’s Labor Rights Portal, which gathers data on labour rights standards, legal requirements and practices and abuses in China and Malaysia.
With this sector initiative, the Freedom Fund aims to support new tools for business, government and civil society to improve transparency and accountability in global supply chains.
The Hub not only complements and enhances existing initiatives but provides tools for advocacy by delivering easily accessible information on national frameworks for individual and corporate accountability. The Hub is unique in its particular focus on corporate accountability mechanisms, including regulatory requirements for preventing, detecting and reporting on modern slavery in supply chains, as well as provisions for civil and criminal corporate liability. It aims to provide a basis for accountability actions, by identifying the obligations of governments and corporations, while also providing models for good practice in legislative development.
The aim of the project is to produce a comprehensive online database of national laws and regulations on individual and corporate accountability for modern slavery. The hub provides a unique source of data on modern slavery accountability mechanisms, that:
1. Enables law and policy makers to identify and adopt good practice in modern slavery accountability;
2. Provides advocates with a rich source of information upon which to base campaigns for improved accountability;
3. Provides consumers with information about the laws and regulations on corporate accountability in countries in which companies operate
4. Increases victim service providers’ awareness of and access to legal remedies; and
5. Informs business about their accountability requirements in relation to modern slavery.
The research and development of the hub is coordinated by FLEX. The project engages pro-bono legal research services from lawyers in target countries.
The project incorporates the input of experts and relevant bodies through focus group sessions, surveys and interviews.
The Freedom Fund has provided a grant to Transparentem to support its launch. Transparentem is a non-profit initiative which will adopt frontline reporting ethics to investigate global supply chains in order to spur the eradication of human and environmental abuses.Description for Balsam double mixed
The balsam plant has a soft, fleshy stem; and spirally arranged long pointed leaves.
Planting and care
Propagate by seed - Balsam is a prolific self-sower. After one season of growth, it generally reappears from self-sown seeds the next year. After frost has passed, scatter seeds where desired, or sow seeds indoors 6 to 8 weeks before the last spring frost.
Do not cover the seeds with soil, as they need light to germinate. Until the seeds germinate, cover the seed trays with clear plastic to maintain high humidity. Water from below to prevent damping off.
Germination temperature: 65 F to 70 F
Days to emergence: 7 to 14
Caring for Balsam double mixed
- Watering should be done when Soil feels dry.
Summer to fall
Typical uses of Balsam double mixed
Special features: Discovered in South East Asia, Balsam is an old-fashioned annual that produces single or double flowers in the leaf axils along the main stem of the plant from summer to early autumn. A great bedding annual plant.
Culinary use: Leaves and young shoots - cooked.
Ornamental use: Balsam plant is used as a hedge plant.
Medicinal use: NA
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Any query about 1+1 balsam double mixed - desi seedsBağlılaşma Katsayısı Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler
Eğitim-Öğretim Terimi Olarak Bağlılaşma Katsayısı:
1. İki gözlem dizisi arasındaki ilişki gücünü gösteren ölçü.
2. İki değişken arasındaki bağıntı ölçüsü.
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Sağlık Bilgisi: 1. Bireysel ve toplumsal açıdan beden sağlığının önemi üzerinde duran, okulda, çevrede ve ülkede beden sağlığına ilişkin olumlu ve olumsuz etmenleri i
Bilgi: 1. Bir konuyu diğerlerinden ayırabilecek olan bütün özellikler içinden, yalnızca işe yarayabilecek olanlardır (knowledge) 2. İnsan aklının kapsayab
Bilgi Tazeleme Eğitimi: Görevlilere görevleriyle ilgili yöntem, teknik, araç ve gereçleri daha etkili bir biçimde kullanabilmeleri için gerekli bilgi, beceri ve görüşleri tan
Davranım-Tepki: Bir uyarıcı karşısında organizmada meydana gelen fizyolojik ya da psikolojik değişme.Your data is only as good as the media it is stored on and the format that it is stored in, writes Danny Bradbury – and in the long term, both are transient at best
Archaeologists don’t just dig in the ground these days; they dig in the sky too. Alexander Rose, executive director of California-based think tank The Long Now Foundation, explains that in its early days, Nasa sent signals back from satellites to research centres that stored the data on tapes using custom-built machines. Years later, archaeologists asked to examine the data to see what had changed on the earth.
“Nasa thought they could get the data out, but it turns out they did not have the machines to read it. Once they cobbled together the machines, they found out the tapes had degraded to the point where they could not get all the information off,” says Rose.
When it used error correction to help rebuild the damaged data, the US space agency realised it did not know how it was organised, and all the people who originally worked on the data had retired or died.
Digital technology was meant to make us more information-rich, but archivists such as Rose use the term “digital dark age” to describe the early 2000s. There is more data produced and stored than ever before, but storage media is volatile, and data storage formats doubly so.
Load the DVD you burned last week, and the data will hopefully still be there. But what about in five years? Or 10 years? Or 30?
“It depends on what environment they are being kept in,” says Andy Maurice, head of consultancy at records management company Iron Mountain. When CDs were launched in the early 1980s they were lauded as permanent.
“We have seen recently that people with CDs have found some form of bloom on them, which means they are decaying,” he says. When optical media holds your corporate data, it could well last for decades, especially in a clean-room environment, but it might not. How much are you willing to risk?
There is a similar problem with magnetic media, says Brewster Kahle, head of the Internet Archive, a project that tries to preserve as much data from the web as possible.
“I cannot get floppy drives from 10 years ago to work, and hard drives die too. You have to keep refreshing the media,” he says.
Floppy discs and their cousins, such as high-density Zip drives, were inherently vulnerable because the read head touched the surface of the disc.
Even though hard drive heads float above the disc without touching it, they are also vulnerable. Higher data rates can lead to self-demagnetisation as minute magnetic cells flip their polarity – something known as the super-paramagnetic effect. The surface of the media can corrode, or particle contamination can kill the drive. Adhesives used to hold components of the drive together can also break down, leading to rubbing or contact with the disc.
Some companies are taking a long-term view of the problem. Iomega’s Rev system, introduced in 2004, is a removable disc sealed in a cartridge containing the media and the spindle, with the rest of the electronics in a separate reader. The disc and reader are sealed to reduce contamination, giving the media what Robert Lutz, worldwide product manager at Rev technology, claims is a 30-year life.
The reader is unlikely to last as long as the media, he admits, but adds that because the media uses standard 2.5in discs inside the otherwise proprietary cartridge format, a savvy engineer could cobble together a read/write device 20 years hence if Iomega was no more and the Rev drive no longer existed. However, for your average archivist wanting a perpetual storage mechanism without the hassle of reconstructing hardware, that may be cold comfort.
While some people worry about media quality, Tony Dearsley worries about media formats. As senior consultant on corporate projects at computer forensics firm Vogon, he is often asked to trawl through historical data.
“Often people have archived material but it is in a tape format that they do not have the equipment to read it with any more,” he says.
Tape drives are a problem because there are so many different types of tape format. “Take a 3590 drive, which has variations B, C, D and E. None of them are compatible with each other,” says Dearsley. He maintains a collection of drives covering the past 25 years simply to read customer data.
Surely users can just keep old versions of media readers in pristine condition themselves? Sure, says Maurice, just so long as you maintain the correct version of the back-up application, the operating system and the machine to run it on – and then replicate that for each different media format you have.
One obvious way to solve the problem is frequent migration. Migrating your data from one storage medium to another every few years will help to ensure it stays current. Iron Mountain offers a media transcription service for corporate data. Transferring data between media helps with preservation but also increases space efficiency, says Maurice. “Technology is moving so rapidly that what you stored on 1,000 tapes five years ago can probably fit onto 10 modern format tapes.”
But replacement becomes more difficult and expensive as the volume of data that a company stores increases. Marshalling the storage and back-up of data in a single place can be a daunting prospect when you move from gigabytes to terabytes and then into petabytes. Companies already have vast amounts of data stored, but with the ubiquitous storage of sensor and video data just a few years away, the problem will become increasingly urgent.
Decentralisation – farming out the archiving process to the organisations or divisions that create it – could be an interim solution. The decentralisation discussion becomes increasingly relevant as you begin dealing with companies whose remit is to gather and preserve huge amounts of data from the public sphere, such as archives and libraries.
“The problem we are facing is that by the time the large organisations get some material that they are potentially interested in, if
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acuisce la crisi d'identità sempre più difficile e complessa, che trova uno sbocco con la caduta del muro di Berlino, quando il gruppo dirigente decide di cambiare la denominazione del partito dando vita ad una nuova formazione politica non più comunista (il Partito Democratico della Sinistra o PDS). Il volume di Agosti è corredato da una pregevole bibliografia ragionata (pp. 127-134) e da un'utile cronologia essenziale (pp. 135-139).
Piero Ignazi, Dal PCI al PDS, il Mulino, 1992. Pag. 176. Euro 9, 29 Il più accurato tra gli studi dedicati alla trasformazione del Partito Comunista Italiano in Partito Democratico della Sinistra è quello di Ignazi, che ricostruisce tale passaggio esaminandone le dinamiche, gli attori e le condizioni storiche. Se l'inizio del processo di crisi viene ricondotto al fallimento della strategia del compromesso storico promossa da Enrico Berlinguer attorno alla metà degli anni Settanta, l'esplosione vera e propria della crisi si determina invece alla metà degli Ottanta con una serie di sconfitte elettorali abbastanza pesanti (elezioni regionali e referendum sulla scala mobile nel 1985, elezioni politiche nel 1987). La spinta al cambiamento si leva dalla base e dai quadri dirigenti periferici portando alla nomina di Achille Occhetto a segretario generale del partito. Occhetto avvia una "rivoluzione copernicana": distacco dall'ideologia e dalla mitologia marxista, rinuncia all'operaismo e al centralismo democratico, centralità di tematiche nuove, estranee alla tradizione comunista, come i diritti civili, la non-violenza, l’attenzione per il pensiero femminile. Tale svolta ideologica si rivela tuttavia insufficiente e finisce con l'accentuare la crisi d'identità dei comunisti italiani. La caduta del muro di Berlino segna un'accelerazione repentina ed inattesa nel processo di cambiamento, anche se tra l'annuncio della necessità di cambiare il nome del partito (novembre 1989) e la nascita del PDS passano ancora 15 mesi. Ignazi ricostruisce la lunga e complessa gestazione della "cosa" occhettiana, ripercorrendo le tappe del dibattito, le esitazioni e le polemiche, le divisioni in uno schieramento favorevole ed uno contrario, fino all'atto finale del febbraio 1991 (approvato dal 64,1% dei delegati), che ha segnato lo scioglimento del PCI e la nascita del Partito Democratico della Sinistra, con il nuovo simbolo della quercia. Di particolare interesse è il primo capitolo del libro ("Il mutamento nei partiti", pp. 11-28) sulle modalità secondo cui si sono verificati i cambiamenti nella lunga storia del PCI: si è trattato sempre di operazioni promosse dalla leadership sulla spinta di eventi esterni; ne è esempio il golpe militare cileno di Pinochet che spinse Berlinguer ad elaborare la strategia del compromesso storico negli anni Settanta. Nel capitolo "Identità" (pp. 29-83) Ignazi tenta una ricognizione dell'identità comunista tra la fine degli anni Settanta e gli Ottanta, avvalendosi di vari strumenti di analisi, tra cui specialmente i sondaggi effettuati tra i militanti del partito. Ne esce un quadro complessivamente ambiguo, con elementi identitari forti e molto sentiti, benché già da tempo in crisi, quali per esempio l'ideologia marxista e il legame di ferro con l'URRS: anche dopo lo strappo di Berlinguer da Mosca del 1981, il mito sovietico perdura a lungo nella cultura politica della base e dei quadri dirigenti, con l'idea diffusa che nei paesi dell'Est sia possibile una rigenerazione democratica dall'interno. Da qui la conclusione che il PCI abbia conservato fino al suo scioglimento l'imprinting della diversità e/o specificità comunista.
I capitoli terzo e quarto ("L'organizzazione: teoria, strutture, personale", pp. 85-125; "Il nuovo partito", pp.127-167) sono dedicati all'analisi del modello organizzativo. Avvalendosi di tabelle e inchieste statistiche, Ignazi dimostra che il modello impostato da Togliatti nel dopoguerra si è conservato sostanzialmente intatto fino alla segreteria Occhetto, almeno per quanto riguarda quattro elementi fondamentali: il mito dell'organizzazione, il metodo del centralismo democratico (si può discutere all'interno del partito, ma le decisioni prese vanno poi difese compattamente all'esterno), l'impegno a tempo pieno del personale politico, la verticalità della catena decisionale (dall'alto verso il basso). Ciò non toglie che si siano verificati anche importanti cambiamenti per quanto riguarda gli iscritti e l'apparato: per esempio l'invecchiamento progressivo della base e la regressione della componente operaia. Quanto alla trasformazione in PDS, l'autore ritiene che non si sia trattato di un semplice cambiamento di facciata, come dimostra il sostanziale turn over dei quadri intermedi e dirigenti, nonché le laceranti discussioni e le contrapposizioni che hanno accompagnato il processo: la rinuncia all‘appellativo "comunista" avrebbe significato di fatto l'abbandono dell‘originaria identità.
Altre indicazioni bibliograficheTra le storie del PCI è importante quella di Giorgio Galli : Storia del PCI. Livorno 1921 - Rimini 1991. Milano: Kaos, 1993. Pag. 325. Quando fu pubblicata per la prima volta, nel 1952, era una ricostruzione pionieristica per la scarsità e la unilateralità dei documenti disponibili. Ma lo studio di Galli ha avuto una discreta fortuna ed è stato ripubblicato in diverse edizioni con appendici o aggiornamenti, fino all'ultima versione che si propone come bilancio storico complessivo dei settant‘anni di storia del Partito Comunista Italiano. Il modello interpretativo adottato dall’autore privilegia il rapporto tra PCI e società italiana, rapporto di cui si mettono in rilievo di volta in volta le difficoltà e i consensi, le contraddizioni e le innovazioni. La tesi di fondo è che il PCI, specie nei primi decenni del dopoguerra, abbia adottato una linea di eccessiva cautela rinunciando a mobilitare tutte le energie innovatrici potenzialmente disponibili nella società italiana. Per il periodo dal 1921 al 1945 la storia più completa e autorevole resta quella in cinque volumi di Paolo Spriano, Storia del PCI. Torino: Einaudi, 1967-1975.
Negli anni Novanta la casa editrice Einaudi ha promosso la prosecuzione di tale monumentale opera. Finora sono usciti due nuovi volumi. Uno è di Renzo Martinelli, Storia del Partito Comunista Italiano, vol. VI: Il "partito nuovo" dalla Liberazione al 18 aprile. Torino: Einaudi, 1995. Martinelli, scavando anche negli archivi del partito, esamina i primi anni del dopoguerra nei quali si delineano gli equilibri politici perdurati in seguito, con la consacrazione dell'egemonia democristiana e del ruolo d‘opposizione assunto dal PCI.
Al periodo che va dal 1948 al 1953 è dedicato invece il volume di Renzo Martinelli - Giovanni Gozzini: Storia del Partito Comunista Italiano, vol. VII: Dall'attentato a Togliatti all'VIII congresso, Torino: Einaudi, 1998. Nella difficile fase condizionata dallo scenario internazionale della guerra fredda, l'azione del PCI si caratterizza per la strategia di opposizione parlamentare e per l'appoggio alle lotte sociali.
Dallo scioglimento del PCI è nato nel 1991 oltre al PDS anche il Partito della Rifondazione Comunista, che intende testimoniare l'esistenza di un filone comunista radicato nella società italiana. In Rifondazione sono confluiti settori del PCI, del sindacato, nonché gruppi dell'ultrasinistra (come Democrazia Proletaria). Nelle consultazioni degli anni Novanta il PRC, guidato dall'ex sindacalista Fausto Bertinotti, ha ottenuto risultati tra il 5 e l'8%.
Uno studio specifico sulle vicende di Rifondazione nei suoi primi dieci anni di vita ancora non è disponibile. Si segnala Carlo Meoli, Rifondazione. Storie di comunisti. Edizioni dell'Ippogrifo, 1996 (ricostruzione dei fatti fino al 1995 e inchiesta giornalistica attraverso interviste a vari protagonisti). Nel 1998, in seguito alla fuoriuscita da Rifondazione Comunista di alcuni esponenti decisi a votare la fiducia parlamentare al governo di centrosinistra guidato da Romano Prodi, è nato il Partito dei Comunisti Italiani, guidato da Armando Cossuta e Oliviero Diliberto. Sempre nel 1998, durante la segreteria D'Alema, il Partito Democratico di Sinistra ha nuovamente mutato denominazione assumendo quella di Democratici di Sinistra (DS); rimarchevole l’abbandono definitivo della falce e martello, che prima erano riprodotti in piccolo ai piedi del nuovo simbolo della quercia, oggi alla base dell’albero è raffigurata una piccola rosa, simbolo del Partito Socialista Europeo.
da: bibliograficiGenetic variation is frequently mediated by genomic rearrangements that arise through interaction between dispersed repetitive elements present in every eukaryotic genome. This process is an important mechanism for generating diversity between and within organisms1-3. The human genome consists of approximately 40% repetitive sequence of retrotransposon origin, including a variety of LINEs and SINEs4. Exchange events between these repetitive elements can lead to genome rearrangements, including translocations, that can disrupt gene dosage and expression that can result in autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases5, as well as cancer in humans6-9.
Exchange between repetitive elements occurs in a variety of ways. Exchange between sequences that share perfect (or near-perfect) homology occurs by a process called homologous recombination (HR). By contrast, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) uses little-or-no sequence homology for exchange10,11. The primary purpose of HR, in mitotic cells, is to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated endogenously by aberrant DNA replication and oxidative lesions, or by exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), and other exogenous DNA damaging agents.
In the assay described here, DSBs are simultaneously created bordering recombination substrates at two different chromosomal loci in diploid cells by a galactose-inducible HO-endonuclease (Figure 1). The repair of the broken chromosomes generates chromosomal translocations by single strand annealing (SSA), a process where homologous sequences adjacent to the chromosome ends are covalently joined subsequent to annealing. One of the substrates, his3-Δ3', contains a 3' truncated HIS3 allele and is located on one copy of chromosome XV at the native HIS3 locus. The second substrate, his3-Δ5', is located at the LEU2 locus on one copy of chromosome III, and contains a 5' truncated HIS3 allele. Both substrates are flanked by a HO endonuclease recognition site that can be targeted for incision by HO-endonuclease. HO endonuclease recognition sites native to the MAT locus, on both copies of chromosome III, have been deleted in all strains. This prevents interaction between the recombination substrates and other broken chromosome ends from interfering in the assay. The KAN-MX-marked galactose-inducible HO endonuclease expression cassette is inserted at the TRP1 locus on chromosome IV. The substrates share 311 bp or 60 bp of the HIS3 coding sequence that can be used by the HR machinery for repair by SSA. Cells that use these substrates to repair broken chromosomes by HR form an intact HIS3 allele and a tXV::III chromosomal translocation that can be selected for by the ability to grow on medium lacking histidine (Figure 2A). Translocation frequency by HR is calculated by dividing the number of histidine prototrophic colonies that arise on selective medium by the total number of viable cells that arise after plating appropriate dilutions onto non-selective medium (Figure 2B). A variety of DNA repair mutants have been used to study the genetic control of translocation formation by SSA using this system12-14.
25 Related JoVE Articles!
A Matrigel-Based Tube Formation Assay to Assess the Vasculogenic Activity of Tumor Cells
Institutions: University of Massachusetts, University of Massachusetts, University of Massachusetts.
Over the past several decades, a tube formation assay using growth factor-reduced Matrigel has been typically employed to demonstrate the angiogenic activity of vascular endothelial cells in vitro1-5
. However, recently growing evidence has shown that this assay is not limited to test vascular behavior for endothelial cells. Instead, it also has been used to test the ability of a number of tumor cells to develop a vascular phenotype6-8
. This capability was consistent with their vasculogenic behavior identified in xenotransplanted animals, a process known as vasculogenic mimicry (VM)9
. There is a multitude of evidence demonstrating that tumor cell-mediated VM plays a vital role in the tumor development, independent of endothelial cell angiogenesis6, 10-13
. For example, tumor cells were found to participate in the blood perfused, vascular channel formation in tissue samples from melanoma and glioblastoma patients8, 10, 11
. Here, we described this tubular network assay as a useful tool in evaluation of vasculogenic activity of tumor cells. We found that some tumor cell lines such as melanoma B16F1 cells, glioblastoma U87 cells, and breast cancer MDA-MB-435 cells are able to form vascular tubules; but some do not such as colon cancer HCT116 cells. Furthermore, this vascular phenotype is dependent on cell numbers plated on the Matrigel. Therefore, this assay may serve as powerful utility to screen the vascular potential of a variety of cell types including vascular cells, tumor cells as well as other cells.
Cancer Biology, Issue 55, tumor, vascular, endothelial, tube formation, Matrigel, in vitro
Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
Institutions: Georgetown University, University of Turku Medical Faculty.
Studies in rodent models of breast cancer show that exposures to dietary/hormonal factors during the in utero
and pubertal periods, when the mammary gland undergoes extensive modeling and re-modeling, alter susceptibility to carcinogen-induced mammary tumors. Similar findings have been described in humans: for example, high birthweight increases later risk of developing breast cancer, and dietary intake of soy during childhood decreases breast cancer risk. It is thought that these prenatal and postnatal dietary modifications induce persistent morphological changes in the mammary gland that in turn modify breast cancer risk later in life. These morphological changes likely reflect epigenetic modifications, such as changes in DNA methylation, histones and miRNA expression that then affect gene transcription . In this article we describe how changes in mammary gland morphology can predict mammary cancer risk in rats. Our protocol specifically describes how to dissect and remove the rat abdominal mammary gland and how to prepare mammary gland whole mounts. It also describes how to analyze mammary gland morphology according to three end-points (number of terminal end buds, epithelial elongation and differentiation) and to use the data to predict risk of developing mammary cancer.
Medicine, Issue 44, mammary gland morphology, terminal end buds, mammary cancer, maternal dietary exposures, pregnancy, prepubertal dietay exposures
Intraductal Injection for Localized Drug Delivery to the Mouse Mammary Gland
Institutions: Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.
Herein we describe a protocol to deliver various reagents to the mouse mammary gland via intraductal injections. Localized drug delivery and knock-down of genes within the mammary epithelium has been difficult to achieve due to the lack of appropriate targeting molecules that are independent of developmental stages such as pregnancy and lactation. Herein, we describe a technique for localized delivery of reagents to the mammary gland at any stage in adulthood via intraductal injection into the nipples of mice. The injections can be performed on live mice, under anesthesia, and allow for a non-invasive and localized drug delivery to the mammary gland. Furthermore, the injections can be repeated over several months without damaging the nipple. Vital dyes such as Evans Blue are very helpful to learn the technique. Upon intraductal injection of the blue dye, the entire ductal tree becomes visible to the eye. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled reagents also allow for visualization and distribution within the mammary gland. This technique is adaptable for a variety of compounds including siRNA, chemotherapeutic agents, and small molecules.
Developmental Biology, Issue 80, Mammary Glands, Animal, Drug Administration Routes, intraductal injection, local drug delivery, siRNA
Identification of Sleeping Beauty Transposon Insertions in Solid Tumors using Linker-mediated PCR
Institutions: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic analyses of human tumors indicate that there are thousands of anomalies within each cancer genome compared to matched normal tissue. Based on these analyses it is evident that there are many undiscovered genetic drivers of cancer1
. Unfortunately these drivers are hidden within a much larger number of passenger anomalies in the genome that do not directly contribute to tumor formation. Another aspect of the cancer genome is that there is considerable genetic heterogeneity within similar tumor types. Each tumor can harbor different mutations that provide a selective advantage for tumor formation2
. Performing an unbiased forward genetic screen in mice provides the tools to generate tumors and analyze their genetic composition, while reducing the background of passenger mutations. The Sleeping Beauty
(SB) transposon system is one such method3
. The SB system utilizes mobile vectors (transposons) that can be inserted throughout the genome by the transposase enzyme. Mutations are limited to a specific cell type through the use of a conditional transposase allele that is activated by Cre Recombinase
. Many mouse lines exist that express Cre Recombinase
in specific tissues. By crossing one of these lines to the conditional transposase allele (e.g.
Lox-stop-Lox-SB11), the SB system is activated only in cells that express Cre Recombinase
. The Cre Recombinase
will excise a stop cassette that blocks expression of the transposase allele, thereby activating transposon mutagenesis within the designated cell type. An SB screen is initiated by breeding three strains of transgenic mice so that the experimental mice carry a conditional transposase allele, a concatamer of transposons, and a tissue-specific Cre Recombinase
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in which subjects alternate between short runs of different tasks (e.g., AABBAABB). Repetitions occur within runs (e.g., AA, BB), and alternations occur between runs (e.g., AB, BA). Memory load and the requirement for monitoring is the same for repetitions and alternations.
A task set is defined as an effective intention to perform a task, accomplished by configuring one's mental state (e.g. attention) to be in accordance with the specific operations demanded by the task. Tasks that have been used to define these task sets include: categorization of numbers, letters, or symbols; identification of colors or words (e.g., using Stroop effect stimuli); location judgments; semantic and episodic memory tasks; and arithmetic problems.
Executive control of processing
This theory assumes that once the task set is implemented, it stays in a given state of activation until it has to be changed, such as when a new task is presented. Consequently, proponents argue, switch costs arise from an endogenous, executive control process that reconfigures the cognitive system to implement the relevant task set for task alternations.
To achieve behavioral stability in the face of interference, strongly activated task sets are needed. However, strongly activated task sets should also be particularly difficult to eliminate. Consequently, task sets persist over time and interfere proactively with the establishment of new task set configurations (see proactive interference). This residual activation of task sets in memory from the recent performance of a task can contribute to automatic influences on performing a new task beyond voluntary control. For example, it has been proposed that less-practiced tasks require more support in memory which will result in greater task set inertia and thus can be expected to produce more proactive interference resulting in larger switch costs when switching away from the less-practiced task. Future research must determine whether active or passive processes overcome task-set inertia.
Asserts that switching between tasks requires the just-completed task to be suppressed to allow a new task to be completed. Support for the theory comes from research which has observed larger response times when returning to a task after an intermediate task than when completing three, or more, different tasks in a row—strong evidence against activation only theories. For example, for tasks A, B, and C the response times for the third task will be slower in the case of an A-B-A sequence than a C-B-A sequence. In a series of experiments it was shown that this inhibitory process is not the result of priming so it is not an automatic process. Incomplete inhibition is thought to be responsible for the residual costs that occur even after long cue-stimulus intervals.
Most task-switching experiments use the same stimuli for both tasks (e.g. pictures for location judgment tasks or words for semantic judgment tasks), so the current stimuli may prime (make more available) the previous task set. Consequently, facing the same stimulus in different tasks produces cognitive costs, and it may be mainly these costs that are measured by switch costs. Studies have found that non-ambiguity of the stimuli (and non-overlap of responses) with respect to each of the possible tasks is sufficient to eliminate the costs of task switching in some cases. An important challenge for future research is to determine whether active or passive processes overcome task-set priming.
The switch cost
Explicit task cuing to explore switch costs
The explicit task-cuing procedure was developed to investigate the time course of task switching. The interval between the presentation of the cue indicating which task to perform and the presentation of the target stimulus can be manipulated to demonstrate the effect of available processing time on performance.
Two models explain the effects of cues on switch costs
This task-switching model assumes the role of executive control. If the cue repeats, the executive does nothing, and the target is processed in accordance with the task set from the previous trial. If the cue alternates, the executive switches tasks before processing the target. Switching takes time and creates a switch cost. Predicts equal Reaction times (RTs) for cue repetitions and task repetitions, and slower RTs for task alternations because this is the only condition where task switches actually occur.
This model does not assume executive control. The cue and the target jointly specify a unique response on each trial, so subjects can encode the cue and the target and choose the response associated with the compound. No task switching is required. Cues are encoded faster on repetition trials than on alternation trials because encoding benefits from repetition. Switch costs thereby reflect encoding benefits on repetition trials, not task switching, so it predicts faster Reaction times (RTs) for cue repetitions than for task repetitions, and equal RTs for task repetitions and task alternations.
Support for no executive control
To distinguish the two models, the experiments used two cues for each task with three types of trials: cue repetitions, in which the current cue was the same as the previous cue; task repetitions, in which the current cue was different from the previous cue but specified the same task; and task alternations, in which the current cue was different from the previous cue and specified a different task. The data showed large Reaction times (RTs) differences between cue repetitions and task repetitions (same task, different cue), and negligible differences between task repetitions and task alternations, consistent with the compound-stimulus model. Thus, the switch costs observed in the explicit task-cuing procedure may not reflect executive processes.
- Monchi, O.; Petrides, M.; Doyon, J.; Postuma, R. B.; Worsley, K.; Dagher, A. (2004). "Neural Bases of Set-Shifting Deficits in Parkinson's Disease". Journal of Neuroscience. 24 (3): 702–710. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4860-03.2004. PMID 14736856.
- Sawada, Y.; Nishio, Y.; Suzuki, K.; Hirayama, K.; Takeda, A.; Hosokai, Y.; Ishioka, T.; Itoyama, Y.; Takahashi, S.; Fukuda, H.; Mori, E. (2012). García, Antonio Verdejo (ed.). "Attentional Set-Shifting Deficit in Parkinson's Disease is Associated with Prefrontal Dysfunction: An FDG-PET Study". PLoS ONE. 7 (6): e38498. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038498. PMC 3369918. PMID 22685575.
- Yerys, Benjamin E.; Wallace, Gregory L.; Kenworthy, Lauren E. (2009). "Set-shifting in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders". Autism. 13 (5): 523–538. doi:10.1177/1362361309335716. PMC 3018342. PMID 19759065.
- Brady, Danielle I.; Schwean, Vicki L.; Saklofske, Adam W. (2013). "Conceptual and Perceptual Set-shifting Executive Abilities in Young Adults with Asperger's Syndrome". Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 7 (12): 1631–1637. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.09.009.
- Jersild A.T. (1927). Mental set and shift. Archives of Psychology(Whole No. 89, pp.5–82)
- Rogers R.D., Monsell S. (1995). The cost of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 207–231
- Schneider, D. W.; Logan, G. D. (2005). "Modeling Task Switching Without Switching Tasks: A Short-Term Priming Account of Explicitly Cued Performance". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 134 (3): 343–367. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.417.9443. doi:10.1037/0096-34188.8.131.523. PMID 16131268.
- Mayr, U.; Keele, S. W. (2000). "Changing internal constraints on action: The role of backward inhibition". Journal of Experimental Psychology. General. 129 (1): 4–26. doi:10.1037/0096-34184.108.40.206. PMID 10756484.
- Allport A., Styles E.A., Hsieh S. (1994). Shifting intentional set: Exploring the dynamic control of tasks. In: Umilta C., Moscovitch M. (Eds.), Attention and performance XV (pp.421–452). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
- Logan, G. D.; Bundesen, C. (2003). "Clever homunculus: Is there an endogenous act of control in the explicit task-cuing procedure?". Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance. 29 (3): 575–599. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.417.9417. doi:10.1037/0096-15220.127.116.115. PMID 12848327.
- Monsell, S. (2003). "Task switching". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 7 (3): 134–140. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00028-7. PMID 12639695.
- Meiran, N. (1996) Reconfiguration of processing mode prior to task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 1423-1442
- Wong, A. S.W.; Cooper, P. S.; Conley, A. C.; McKewen, M.; Fulham, W. R.; Michie, P. T.; Karayanidis, F. (2018). "Event-Related Potential Responses to Task Switching Are Sensitive to Choice of Spatial Filter". Frontiers in Neuroscience. 12: 143. doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00143. PMC 5852402. PMID 29568260.Web sitesi yönetmek masraflı bir iş olduğu için yöneticiler sitelere bir takım reklamlar eklerler. Şu anda gezdiğiniz site de normalde reklam var. AdBlock ve benzeri eklentiler bu reklamları kaldırarak yöneticinin para kazanmasını engeller. Yönetici para kazanamaz ise site kapanmaya kadar gidebilir. Bu yüzden bazı sitelerde AdBlock ve benzeri eklentileri kapatmanızı öneririm. Şimdi gelelim nasıl kapacağınıza.ارتش پاکستان می گويد یکی مخفی گاه مظنون القاعده را در منطقه قبیله ای وزيرستان شمالی در امتداد مرز افغانستان درهم کوبيده و ۲۱ نفر را دستگیر کرده است.
فرمانده ارشد ارتش در شمال غربی پاکستان گفت این عملیات، که آنرا بزرگترین نوع خود در منطقه توصیف کرد، روز شنبه آغاز شد و هنوز ادامه دارد. وی اظهار داشت عملیات بر یک مدرسه اسلامی در نزديکی شهر " ميرانشاه" متمرکز بود و چند" مرد مهم" از جمله دستگیر شدگان هستند.
فرمانده گفت سربازان همچنین مقادیر زيادی اسلحه و یک هواپیمای بدون سرنشين که از راه دور کنترل می شد و ستيزه گران از آن برای ردیابی نیروهای امنیتی استفاده می کردند، به دست آوردند.Final serisinin ilk 2 maçında üstün bir oynayarak seriyi 2-0'a getiren Lakers, 3. maçta Jimmy Butler'ın üstün performansına engel olamayınca Heat seriyi 2-1'e getirmişti. Goran Dragic'ten yoksun olan Heat, 3. maçtaki direncini bu sefer gösteremedi ve dün gece oynanan serinin 4. maçında ise Lakers tekrar oyun üstünlüğünü eline aldı. İki yıldızından eksik sahaya çıkan Heat, Lakers hücum hattına karşı direnmeye çalışsa da çok fazla etki edemedi.
Maçın başından beri oyun üstünlüğünü elinde tutan Lakers, Lebron James ile Anthony Davis'in etkili oyunuyla galibiyete ulaştı.Butler Bu Sefer Yetmedi
Los Angeles Lakers'ta Lebron James 28 sayı 12 ribaund 8 asist ile oynarken, Lebron'a Anthony Davis 22 sayı 9 ribaund, 4 asist ve 4 blok ile destek oldu.
Miami Heat'te Jimmy Butler 22 sayı 10 ribaund 9 asistlik performansı bu sefer galibiyet için yeterli olmadı. Sakatlıktan dönen Bam Adebayo ise 15 sayı 7 ribaund ile oynadı.CredAbility - Credit Score è un'applicazione Android sviluppata da CredAbility. Rientra nella categoria di Ufficio e Notizie con una sottocategoria di Finanza. Questa app gratuita mira ad aiutare gli utenti a comprendere il loro punteggio di credito e fornisce suggerimenti su come migliorarlo.
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Con CredAbility - Credit Score, gli utenti possono ottenere preziose informazioni sulla loro affidabilità creditizia e intraprendere azioni proattive per migliorare la loro salute finanziaria. Include anche una sezione utile per trovare le migliori carte di credito, rendendo più facile che mai scegliere quella giusta.小蚂蚁常常拖着食物，就像一个大力士。 Bai云常常飘在天上，就像一团棉花。 Yue亮常常挂在云里，就像一个玉盘。
就像一条小黑狗 你已经说了 所以不Yao再像了，一个就够了
1．前 后 左 右 2．看看 走走 Shuo说 听听（答案不唯一） 3．小黑Gou 好朋友
影子的脸像一条小黑狗 弟弟的脸像两个红Ping果。
1.朋友像个小天使，引导我鞭策我。 2.Shu籍浩如烟海，像屹立在时间的汪洋大海Zhong的大灯塔。 3.柿子挂在树上，像一个红灯笼。
光由直线传播
书籍浩如烟海，像屹立在时间的汪洋大海中De大灯塔。
原句： 影子常常跟着我，就像一条小黑Gou。 仿写： 微风常常陪着我，就Xiang一个小精灵。
影子像一个默默守护在身边的朋友，不说一Ju话，也没有任何表情。但是，你笑时，Ta可能也在笑；你哭时，它可能也在哭……它陪伴着Ni，一生一世……
妹妹常常跟着我，就像是我的影子，我到哪Li她就跟到那里。 同桌整天跟着我，Jiu像一个跟屁虫。Contents
- 1 Kot pantolon mürekkep lekesi nasıl çıkar?
- 2 Kot pantolon lekeleri nasıl çıkar?
- 3 Kıyafetten kurumuş mürekkep lekesi nasıl çıkar?
- 4 Kurumuş mürekkep lekesi nasıl çıkar doğal yöntemler?
- 5 Beyaz masadan mürekkep lekesi nasıl çıkar?
- 6 Polardan mürekkep lekesi nasıl çıkar?
- 7 Beyaz kot pantolon lekesi nasıl çıkar?
- 8 Kot pantolon boyası nasıl çıkar?
- 9 Beyaz kottaki sarı lekesi nasıl çıkar?
- 10 Kıyafetteki murekkep lekesi nasil cikar?
- 11 Mürekkep lekesi nasıl çıkarılır?
- 12 Çamaşır makinesinde mürekkep lekesi nasıl çıkar?
- 13 Silinmeyen tahta kalemi nasıl çıkar?
- 14 Mürekkep lekesi sütle nasıl çıkar?
- 15 Telefon Kılıfındaki mürekkep lekesi nasıl çıkar?
Kot pantolon mürekkep lekesi nasıl çıkar?
Lekeli giysileri temiz, kuru bir havlu veya bezin üzerine koyun. Lekelenen bölgeye su uygulayın ve başka bir temiz bezle kurulayın. Leke ederken, leke temizlik bezine geçmeye başlar. Mürekkep lekesine az miktarda sıvı çamaşır deterjanı uygulayın ve kumaşın üç ila beş dakika beklemesine izin verin.
Kot pantolon lekeleri nasıl çıkar?
Kan tazeyken lekeye soğuk suyla ıslatılmış temiz bir bezi bastırın. Deterjanı uygulayın, birkaç dakika bekletin ve yıkayın. Yine kotlar için güvenli olan en yüksek su sıcaklığı kullanılmalıdır. Kan lekesi kurumuşsa, soğuk su ile Persil deterjanı karıştırın, ardından pantolonunuzu birkaç dakika suya batırın.
Kıyafetten kurumuş mürekkep lekesi nasıl çıkar?
Kurumuş mürekkep lekesini çıkartmak biraz zor ancak kesinlikle imkansız değil. İlk olarak bir miktar sıvı deterjanı lekenin üzerine dökün ve parmağınızla hafifçe yedirin. Daha
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nella padella. Sì, sembra che il cibo. Miao !! Queste sono le uova, eh? Strapazzate o più facile? Oh, guarda. Bacon! Purrrr! Che cosa è il cibo, giusto? Certo che lo è. Dove è mio? Non osare mi ha messo sul pavimento. Dammi un po '"- no, non un pezzo che voglio l'intero pacchetto ..
E 'diventato chiaro per designare KC, che significa Kitchen Cat. Ora che chiamiamo "Kasey." Si tratta di un buon nome e il suo nome correttamente cat imperscrutabile. Egli raccolse. Ed è il nome corretto per questo gatto.
Oggi le persone sono diventate pigri. Proprietari di gatti non prendono il tempo per trovare il nome del gatto mistero. Essi andranno a un sito web e il nome TAC di 50.000 nomi in ordine alfabetico. La maggior parte dei nomi non sono i nomi dei gatti.
Questi nomi del gatto?
Fettucine ...
Nyet ...
Tolstoj ...
Prodotti ...
Ovviamente no. Si tratta di un genere in Italia russo coppia pranzo.
I popoli antichi, i nostri antenati hanno dato buoni nomi per i significati descrittivi. Alcuni sono grandi per i gatti. Diamo un'occhiata ad alcuni.
Norvegia - Vikings - ha visto un Valhalla pieno di dei che adoravano. Uno era Freyja, la dea dell'amore. Freyja amava i gatti e si trasferì cielo su un carro di fuoco trainato da una coppia di gatti reali. Egli indossava anche una collana di pietre preziose che simboleggiano la loro autorità sulla sessualità. Gatti, piccole creature che sono calde, userebbero il nome di Freyja troppo. Basta non dimenticare le pietre collana. Ricordate il Royalty ...
Che dire di Thor? Questo martello tuono brandisce dio era conosciuto da un appetito vorace. Thor dirige il banchetto pieno di alci elettorali, orsi, cervi, frutta e verdura e dei migliori vini in Valhalla. Thor giorni trascorsi divorare tutto. Quindi, se avete un gatto grasso duro con un grande appetito, Thor si adatterebbe bene.
Sloveno Lore ci dà il nome Leshey. Leshey Blueblood era un dio che era il signore delle foreste e interni selvatici. Gli piaceva fare scherzi a persone innocenti. Avete un gatto all'aperto scherzi? Leshey può essere il proprio nome.
Un sacco di divertimento per i nomi Cat leggendo le antiche leggende luoghi come Mesoamerica, l'Egitto e l'Africa. Controlla.
Come fai a sapere se avete trovato il nome giusto del gatto? Chiama il nome che avete scelto.
Se il gatto:
Uno) è Claws
2) andare a voi
3) Impastare la pancia
4) miagola
5) Purrs
Hai trovato il nome corretto.
D'altra parte, se il gatto:
1) Voi Claws
2) E 'lontano
3) SPRAY muro
4) Scompare
5) Dies
6) Vomito
7) Una dorme
Avete il nome sbagliato. Continua a cercare.
È possibile scegliere un nome da un elenco di 10 nomi Cat. Tali elenchi, tuttavia, varia e mai del tutto d'accordo.
Ecco un elenco di pagina "catnamesmeow".
Top 10 Women Kittys:
1. Goldie
2. Isis
3. gattino
4. Lisa
5. Mimi
6. Missy
7. Figa
8. Sheba
9. Suzy
10. Tabby
Top 10 Kittys maschili:
1. Bandit
2. Blackie
3. Charlie
4. Felix
5. Fritz
6. Jingles
7. Morris
8. Rebel
9. Scout
10. Tom
Scegli nomi del gatto della lista è sempre un'opzione. Si potrebbe ottenere fortunati e trovare il nome del vostro gatto profondo e imperscrutabile conosciuta solo per la sua cat. E forse non.
Non è difficile leggere l'espressione di un gatto.
Sedetevi vostro gatto e iniziare passare attraverso la lista accuratamente compilato nomi del gatto. Mentre leggete ogni nome, considerare l'espressione del vostro gatto. Se si dorme, si elenco dei nomi non è buona. Lo stesso se si a piedi. Idem se si tossisce un hairball.
Se il vostro gatto ghigna come La foto in alto a destra, che è un sito di passaggio, forse, o forse no. Inoltre, potrebbe leccare il latte naso. I gatti sono, dopo tutto, imperscrutabile.
Se la vostra espressione è simile alla foto in basso a destra, questo è un luogo di passaggio, forse, o forse no. Con processo di eliminazione, si può arrivare molto vicino alla scelta del nome giusto.
Come sulla denominazione vostro gattino gatto eroe? Ci sono un paio di giri. Ecco una storia gatto eroe:
Durante la seconda guerra mondiale, un gatto di nome Faith trasferita nella chiesa di Sant'Agostino, a Londra. Ho usato per sedersi ai piedi Padre Henry Ross ', e consegnato il sermone di Domenica.
Nel 1940, Faith congregation indossava un gattino chiamato Panda. Una notte Fe Panda rimosso dalla chiesa nel seminterrato. Nessuna quantità di chiamata o lo ha invitato a lasciare. Il giorno dopo, i nazisti cominciarono il bombardamento aereo di Londra. Le chiese e la zona circostante sono state distrutte dalle bombe, mentre Faith era con la figa ed entrambi sono sopravvissuti.
Fede Inspirational londinesi in quei giorni bui della sua lealtà e coraggio. Alla fine della guerra, l'arcivescovo di Canterbury ha presentato la fede con una speciale medaglia d'argento per la sua devozione. Se si possiede un gatto coraggioso e fedele, la fede potrebbe essere un buon nome.
I gatti che possono essere coraggiosi in guerra per i propri scopi, ma il valore non è tradotto, e alleati nella battaglia dell'uomo.
I belgi, per esempio, ha cercato di formare i gatti per recapitare i messaggi sul campo di battaglia. Lo sforzo è stato un fallimento totale. Gatti ignorati ordini e nascoste sul lato del nemico, dove il pesce era fresco. Quindi, forse, il belga è opportuno etichettare un gatto che non ascolta il nome, si oppone alla formazione o vivere con un vicino di casa. (Fino al budget del pesce e il gatto tornerà.)
Indipendente e arrogante, gatti semplicemente non affrontano le lotte umane. Come osservatore Wiggle ha scritto: "venire quando chiamati gatti cani hanno un messaggio e ci ritorneremo.".
Ecco alcune citazioni argute sui gatti. Possono ispirare a trovare un nome per il vostro gatto.
Un uomo che porta un gatto per la coda impara qualcosa che si può imparare in nessun altro modo - Mark Twain
Dopo il tramonto, tutti i gatti sono leopardi - American proverbio indiano
Mai fumble outstubborn un gatto - Lazarus Long
I gatti devono avere tre nomi - un nome di ogni giorno come Pietro; tanto più che decente Quaxo, Bombalurina, o Jellylorum; e in terzo luogo, il nome del gatto pensa per se stesso, il suo profondo e imperscrutabile nome singolare. - T. S. Eliot
Dio ha creato il gatto in modo che l'uomo può conoscere il piacere di accarezzare la tigre - Fernand Mery, scrittore francese
Gli occhi di un gatto, tutte le cose appartengono a gatti - Proverbio inglese
Ci sono innumerevoli storie di gatti. Vedi se riesci a trovare i nomi di gatti in questi bocconcini di fatto.
Resto in una tomba nei pressi di 10 mila anni, Cipro ha un gatto, in posa con il suo ex padrone, ma ugualmente morto. Se un gatto di casa che dorme tutto il giorno accanto a te, non solo si ha un partner adatto per l'aldilà, si dispone di un nome per il tuo gatto - Cipro.
Si ritiene che il gatto siamese di portare le anime dei morti libera. I sacerdoti del tempio cura di loro e fornire ricche gatti siamesi popolari migliori quartieri per vitto e alloggio. Se il vostro gatto si comporta come dei re, e il gatto non lo fa, Siam può essere il nome del gatto di destra.
Si dice che Gregorio aveva solo un gatto, che sedeva con lui mentre pregava. Se non si ha molto di un gatto, il nome del gatto è Gregory.
Sir Winston Churchill, statista e leader della Gran Bretagna nella seconda guerra mondiale, apprezzato mangiare il loro cibo con il loro cucciolo lato Jock. Se il vostro gatto mangia con voi, perché non nominare come Jock? Sir Winston è anche un nome vero ordine.
Albert Schweitzer, medico e umanitario mondiale famoso, a volte scrivendo ricette con la mano destra, perché il vostro gatto Sizi piaceva dormire sul braccio sinistro favorita. Il medico ha rifiutato di turbare i sogni del tuo amico peloso. Se il vostro gatto ha qualità umanitarie - ma non chiedete il cane di quartiere e topi opinione - Medico Albert Sizi o gatto è un nome appropriato.
Abraham Lincoln è stato il primo gatto Tabby Whitehouse e nominato. Abe non importa se il nome del nome del vostro gatto o il vostro gatto di nome Tabby.
Sir Isaac Newton ha inventato la gattaiola in modo che il vostro gatto può entrare e uscire di casa a volontà. Una smart gatto può apprezzare il vero nome Sir Issac.
Artisti francesi Renoir e Monet gatti amati e molti ritratti di loro nei suoi dipinti. Monet e il nome del gatto sarà adatto per un gatto "arty", come Renoir.
Scrittore Charles Dickens ha vissuto con un gattino la candela quando voleva attenzione. Il gattino era conosciuto come il "Gatto del Maestro."
Presidente Theodore Roosevelt aveva un gatto di nome pantofole. Un'etichetta come presidente Teddy potrebbe essere un nome per il gatto caccia Deadeye. E se il vostro gatto mastica scarpe ... beh, usare il Plush nome Cat - Pantofole.
Nell'antica Roma, si credeva che i gatti siano lo spirito guardiano della casa e il simbolo della libertà. Libertà o Spirito potrebbe essere il nome del suo gatto imperscrutabile. Roma sarebbe bello, troppo.
La maggior parte dei gatti in Egitto c'erano nomi sono stati semplicemente chiamati Ta-Mieuw, o "The Meower," per rispetto per la sua posizione.
Ora che abbiamo girato il mondo in cerca di nomi del gatto del passato alla storia recente antica, cercare di perfezionare in ciò che siamo più familiarità con - il nostro mondo di lingua inglese.
Nel 1937, il fumettista Segar CE, Popeye creatore usa uno strano animale nei suoi fumetti. L'animale, "Eugene Jeep", era in grado di muoversi tra la terza e la quarta dimensione, invisibile nel quarto, mentre è anche in grado di predire il futuro.
Quindi, se il vostro gatto sembra scomparire e riapparire magicamente, forse il nome corretto è "Jeep".
Questa parola deriva dalla guerra civile americana. La frase "ogni pezzo" era familiare a tutti, allora significava "per raggiungere un obiettivo" o "essere al sicuro a casa." E 'stato finalmente diventato "Roses" cantano spettacoli minstrel.
E 'il gatto felice e sentirsi sicuro a casa? Allora avete un gatto "Hunky Dory-".
Unthinking
Uno che è pazzo, un maniaco. Questa parola risale ai tempi di Shakespeare. Hai un gatto pazzo? E 'un nome pazzesco.
Chop Suey-
Questo deriva dalla parola inglese "chop", che significa scheggiato o taglio, e la parola cinese "a", che si traduce come "bit". Un gatto che qualcosa di questa gara e tagli che gara è Chop Suey.
Mille anni fa i nostri antenati sono resi conto che Daisy ha aperto le sue pedali bianche per salutare il sole che sorge. La pianta ha presentato il suo centro d'oro su Old Sun come una traccia attraverso il cielo. Poi la sera piegata nuovo. I nostri antenati chiamati "daeges EAGE", che è l'occhio del giorno.
Accorciare margarita. Se il vostro gatto aumenta con raggi del sole ancora caldo da una finestra all'altra, Daisy potrebbe essere il nome del gatto.
Elfo
Questo viene da piloti nei primi mesi della seconda guerra mondiale. Piccola e completamente invisibile, questo folletto dilettava nello svolgimento trucchi maligni di cambiare il motore, ali, eliche, pistola o di atterraggio. Se il vostro gatto è un imbroglione sempre vi sorprenderà con trucchi gatto fastidioso, si può avere un gatto di nome Gremlin casa.
Roughrider
Anche se associata a Rough Riders di Teddy Roosevelt, il suo significato è un uomo che si è specializzato nella rottura cavalli in cablaggio - A Buster bronco. Se il vostro gatto è impegnata alle cose selvagge può essere Roughrider il Gatto.
Dopo il lavoro nei campi di canna, lavoratori neri riuniti intorno al fuoco con una pentola di ferro sospesa sopra. In questo pesce corso sono stati gettati e mettere mais delizioso, tutti cucinati in grasso. Mentre il cibo cotto, gli uomini hanno raccontato storie commoventi di caccia orso e pantera. I cani sono stati distesi sul bordo del pozzo del fuoco, in attesa di avanzi. In alto nella storia, i cani si lamentano fortuna. Uno degli operai sarebbe raggiungere oltre e rompere un pezzo di cani di mais pone per il raffreddamento, sussurrando. "Puppy Hush"
Hai un gatto sempre whiney ricerca di scarti e tratta? Nome corretto sarebbe "hushpuppy".
Pollyanna
Questo descrive una ragazza che era sempre allegro e trovato qualcosa che ci si aspetta, anche nelle circostanze più difficili. Vedendo il lato positivo infettato tutti quelli che incontrava.
Pollyanna potrebbe essere un nome appropriato per un gatto felice hai preso da un ricovero per animali.
Furbacchione
A "smart-ass" è qualcuno intelligente o intelligente. Uno che si muove in una zona tranquilla e stealth. Un cugino stretto è un "Pussyfoot" una leva, persona ficcanaso.
Una smart, gatto tranquillo potrebbe essere una "smart-ass".
Ci si va - un paio di regole, curiosità e idee su come trovare i nomi di gatto e imperscrutabile nome singolare del gatto pensa per se stesso.معاون وزیر راه و شهرسازی با بیان اینکه صدور پروانه ساختمانی واحدهای بافت فرسوده از ابتدای دولت سیزدهم تاکنون از ۲۲۰ هزار واحد عبور کره است، گفت: واحدهای نوسازی و بهره برداری شده در دولت سیزدهم به مرز ۸۰ هزار واحد رسید.
به گزارش تین نیوز به نقل از وزارت راه و شهرسازی، محمد آیینی افزود: روند نوسازی و ارائه صدور پروانه ساختمانی برای واحدهای مسکونی در بافت های فرسوده شهری از مرز ۲۲۰ هزار واحد عبور کرد.
مدیرعامل شرکت بازآفرینی شهری ایران توضیح داد: سهم تهران در صدور پروانه ساختمانی از ابتدای دولت سیزدهم تاکنون ۴۵ هزار واحد مسکونی بوده است.
وی یادآور شد: در دهه فجر امسال در بافت های فرسوده شهری در استان های سراسر کشور، بیش از ۳۰ هزار واحد نوسازی شده به بهره برداری رسید و تحویل متقاضیان شد.
مالکان و سازندگان در محلات هدف بازآفرینی شهری، می توانند از فرصت طلایی بهره مندی از بسته های تشویقی برای نوسازی واحدهای فرسوده استفاده کنند. این در حالی است که دولت، شهرداری و نظام بانکی حمایت همه جانبه از حوزه بازآفرینی شهری دارند.The magnetic network, which consists of vertical flux tubes located in intergranular lanes, is dominated by Hall drift in the photosphere-lower chromosphere region (≲ 1 Mm). In the internetwork regions with weak magnetic field, Hall drift dominates above 0.25 Mm in the photosphere and below 2.5 Mm in the chromosphere. Although Hall drift does not cause any dissipation in the ambient plasma, it can destabilize the flux tubes and magnetic elements in the presence of azimuthal shear flow. The physical mechanism of this instability is quite simple. The shear flow twists the radial magnetic field and generates an azimuthal field. Then, torsional oscillations of the azimuthal field, in turn, generate the radial field, completing feedback loop. The maximum growth rate of Hall instability is proportional to the absolute value of the shear gradient, and it is dependent on the ambient diffusivity. The diffusivity also determines the most unstable wavelength, which is smaller for weaker fields. We apply the results of a local stability analysis to the network and internetwork magnetic elements and show that the maximum growth rate for a kiloGauss field occurs around 0.5 Mm and decreases with increasing altitude. However, for a 120-G field, the maximum growth rate remains almost constant in the entire photosphere-lower chromosphere, except in a small region closer to the surface. For a shear flow gradient ∼0.1 s -1, the Hall growth time is about 1 min near the photospheric footpoint. Therefore, network and internetwork regions with an intense field in the presence of shear flow are likely to be unstable in the photosphere. The weak field internetwork regions could be unstable in the entire photosphere-chromosphere. Thus, Hall instability can play an important role in generating low-frequency turbulence, which can heat the chromosphere.Pelusium
Pelusium, Mısır'ın kuzeydoğusunda Dimyat şehrinin doğusunda yer alan antik bir liman şehridir. Günümüzde antik şehir Port Said şehrinin 30 km güneydoğusunda bulunmaktadır. Şehrin Arapça ismi Tell el-Farama'dır.
Tarihi[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
Tarihçi Heredot şehirden bahsetmektedir.
Pompey'e suikast burada yapılmıştır.
Romalılar ve Bizanslılar döneminde Pelusium önemli bir liman şehri olmuştur.
|Mısır ile ilgili bu madde taslak seviyesindedir. Madde içeriğini genişleterek Vikipedi'ye katkı sağlayabilirsiniz.|La caffeina peggiora l’ansia?
Esiste un’associazione tra l’uso eccessivo di caffeina e l’ansia. Gli effetti di un’assunzione eccessiva di caffeina possono simulare i sintomi dell’ansia o peggiorarli. Le persone che sperimentano l’an
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72da5da60e8f&uuid=&state=_BLhILn4SxNIvvL0W45KSic66uCIg23qh8iRG98qeIXme (1),kalpde hr düşük ne demek (1),https://yandex ru/clck/jsredir?from=yandex ru;search;web;;&text=&etext=1828 n3oslW4nwcM_8IluBplbi9CXZZa2_an2t7ygMgfhn4Y9K3UxhtX6I2a3skaoAgIp ff47d11754f9ba298f11494359ecf01a06282a09&uuid=&state=_BLhILn4SxNIvvL0W45KSic66uCIg23qh8iRG98qeIXme (1),kalpte komplikasyon nedir (1),kalpte ventrıcular ectopy ne demek (1),kardiyak hr kac olmali (1),komplikoyon kalpte (1),https://yandex ru/clck/jsredir?from=yandex ru;search;web;;&text=&etext=1826 uh4PVT43jtLRHLSn1LVcao6KKBZKO-LekuD1gdFL2bYHw2RN5HAnVX7-M6lkcshR d19ac2c5f8f007dead4b54c79a8b3006a3d82d46&uuid=&state=_BLhILn4SxNIvvL0W45KSic66uCIg23qh8iRG98qeIXme (1),supravent ectopy ne anlama geliyor (1),tıpta ablasyon (1)Il 2 dicembre Vignanello si anima con una delle manifestazioni più originali e antiche d’Italia: la Fiera del Freddo, conosciuta anche come Fiera della Madonna o dello Sbattolò. Questa manifestazione nasce nel 1536 come risulta da un documento di Papa Paolo III, che era nato proprio in questa parte della Tuscia. Il papa era anche il prozio di Beatrice Farnese, che era la feudataria di Vignanello.
Inizialmente la fiera si svolgeva in primavera, quando la natura inizia a tornare in vita, e precisamente per sei giorni a partire dal 26 marzo.
Nel 1724, al completamento della chiesa collegiata, la festa venne prolungata e l’inizio venne fissato al 1 maggio da papa Benedetto XIII.
Infine nel 1733 la fiera venne spostata di nuovo in autunno, tre domeniche dopo il 21 novembre che è la data della Presentazione della Madonna al Tempio, a cui è dedicata la chiesa collegiata. Per questo la festa è chiamata anche Fiera della Madonna.
Oggi la festa viene celebrata sia in primavera che in autunno e ripropone un grande mercato dell’artigianato e di merci legate all’agricoltura e all’allevamento. Il paese viene diviso in aree tematiche collegate ad artigianato, fiori e piante, cibo locale, prodotti dall’agricoltura, animali, mezzi agricoli e ferramenta, antiquariato.
Sono anche previsti giochi popolari per bambini.Sometimes I browse satellite images on WorldView to see what “my” volcanoes are up to. The other day I noticed a thermal anomaly on “Medvezhia”, Iturup Island, Kuriles. So I went back to look at every day of May and found that a red spot had shown on eight days in May, sometimes two spots, practically on most days the mountain wasn’t covered in thick clouds. Could that be a glowing hot lava dome, degassing, with an eruption to come, or a small one going on already? (As to hot gases: Momotombo has hot fumaroles over 900°C and on the webcams a great bright glow is visible every night. I have often checked on it, but thermal anomalies were only recorded at times of eruptions. Also Turrialba glows brightly but never shows a red spot.)
I checked at SVERT – all listed Southern Kurils’ volcanoes are at a Green alert level. Which is no surprise, because: “[Only] visual observations are used for the volcanoes of Kunashir and Iturup Islands. Surface instrumental observations are absent; there are no seismic networks on any of the volcanoes on the Kurile Islands.” A surprise was to me that neither Medvezhia as a complex nor its active cone Kudryaviy is listed as a monitored volcano at all, in spite of it having erupted in 1999. On a quick scan I found almost nothing about this volcano, so I embarked on a search mission. And by no means did I encounter an “obscure” volcano, rather one that had jumped into the lime light of money power and politics a few years ago… But let’s start on solid ground:
ITURUP (Russ.), or ETOFORU (Jap.) ISLAND
Note: Throughout my post I will stick to Russian names. Not to show a political standpoint but simply because a) Iturup is presently part of Russia, and b) most information I found on the volcano or on the island was written by Russians, very little from the Japanese side.
Iturup (Остров Итуруп) is one of Russia’s Southern Kuril islands which presently are disputed by Japan. With 200 km x 7-27 km it is the largest of the Kuriles and has 7500 or so residents. It also has one volcano for every 375 residents… I mean, there are 20, eight of them being active volcanoes. Medvezhia (Медвежий) is derived from Medvedj (медведь – bear), because bears are frequent visitors; traces of them are found even on the peaks of volcanoes. The Medvezhia (Moyorodake) volcanic complex occupies the NE end of Iturup Island. The rest of the island is beautiful volcanic landscape and ugly remains of Japanese military equipment.
At the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, the Pacific Plate is subducting beneath the Okhotsk Plate, a microplate. The Kuril Islands consist of a double arc: The Lesser Kuril Ridge, an older inactive arc, begins at the Hokkaido E end and continues to the NE as the submarine Vityaz Ridge. And the younger, volcanic active Greater Kuril Ridge, extends for 1200 km from Hokkaido to the southern tip of Kamchatka.
The Greater Kuril Ridge is divided into three regions, northern, central, and southern on the basis of the submarine topography and the thickness of the crust. The Northern and the Southern Kuril Islands have the greater thickness of continental crust (15~30 km), whereas the thinnest oceanic crust (10~15 km, comparable to that of the oceans) is in the Central part.
The formation of the Kuril Archipelago began approximately 90 ma when the Okhotsk Terrane collided with the Siberian continent. A subduction zone formed along the SE margin of the Okhotsk Terrane. This initiated the formation of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench and subsequent volcanism.
The Greater Kuril Ridge emerged during the early Pliocene. Some of the Kuril Islands have been above sea level since that time, while others have been formed by more recent volcanic activity. During the past 10 ma, the Greater Kuril Ridge has experienced intense volcanic activity and crustal uplift. Very large explosive eruptions (VEI 6) formed three calderas in the Kuril Islands, one on Onekotan Island, one on Ushishir Island, and Lvinaya-Past on Iturup Island (7,500 y.B.P).
There were at least two major sea-level regressions associated with glacio-eustatic changes in this region. Each time the sea receded by 100(-300) m below present sea level. The islands nearest to the northern and southern end of the Archipelago sit relatively shallow. Therefore, it is highly likely that these southernmost and northernmost islands were connected with each other and to nearby Hokkaido and Kamchatka, respectively, during the sea-level minima of the Late Pleistocene.
The Medvezhia volcanic complex is an E-W trending ridge within two overlapping Pleistocene calderas, 14 x 18 and 10 x 12 km in diameter. The caldera floor contains several lava domes, cinder cones and associated lava fields, and Slavnoe lake. In the eastern part four steep volcanic peaks rise side by side, beginning with the highest, Medvezhiy (1124 m), followed by Sredniy and Tukap/Kudryaviy (991m) volcanoes. Medvezhiy lies to the east, outside the caldera, along the Pacific coast. Sredniy has also produced lava flows that reached the coast.
Somewhat off to the west of the four is Menshoy Brat, a large thermally active lava dome with flank scoria cones.
Eruptions have been documented since the 18th century, all from Kudryavy: 1778/79, 1883 (lava flows), 1946(?), 1958 (minor explosion) and 1999 (phreatic eruption). The Japanese name Moyorodake refers mainly to Kudryavy volcano, although the GVP uses it for the entire complex.
KUDRYAVIY (вулкан Кудрявый, Moyorodake)
Kudryaviy is the part of the complex about everyone in Russia has heard of, probably many Japanese too, and which is the only part to have erupted in historical time. Kudryaviy is an active volcano of basaltic andesite (calc-alkaline) composition, with an elongate summit formed by three merged craters. It is younger than 2000 years, and magmatic eruptions here are of the Hawaiian type. Kudryaviy is almost merged together with Tukap, and both remain fumarolically active. The summit craters are mostly dry but after snow melting and strong rains shallow lakes may appear.
The eastern part is a flattened closed crater with a 20 m high andesitic hot lava dome in the center (that the one producing the thermal hot spot?). Just next to the dome the crater of a 1999 eruption has been blasted out. Numerous thick lava flows blanket the flanks of the cone and extend 2-3 km to the caldera walls. Those are from the last magmatic eruption in 1883 and originated from the third crater, in the western part of the summit. The report of a 1946 eruption was either erroneous or it was just a very weak phreatic explosion, because the ruins of Japanese mining works in the crater can still be seen today.
There are six fumarolic fields with temperatures in the range of 100-940°C and varying fumarole chemistry. Compositions of the Kudriaviy volcano fumarolic gases are typical of arc volcanism. However, the geometry and depth of the magmatic reservoir are still unknown even after seismic and gravimetric measurements. It was thought that the long-term high-temperature degassing at Kudriaviy is caused by a steady-state release of volatiles from the depth of arc magma generation and high heat flow from the mantle. Alternatively, convection and degassing in a stratified magma chamber has been suggested.
Interesting in this context is a description of changes of the surface around fumaroles on Kudryaviy: Volcanic gases, with a total emission rate of about 30000 tonnes per day cause alteration of lava and pyroclastic rocks, and form “fumarolic crusts” owing to rapid changes in the physico-chemical parameters of the venting gas. The thickness of these crusts varies from some centimeters to more than a meter. There are two layers of high- temperature crusts that formed on the basaltic andesites: the upper layer (up to 20 cm) consists of secondary sulfates and oxides with relics of minerals from the original rocks, and the lower layer is dark in color owing to the presence of sulfides. Ore sublimate mineralization forms in gas-release cracks. Most sulfides occur at depths of 10–50 cm.
THE 1999 ERUPTION from KUDRYAVIY
Kudriaviy has been consistently degassing passively at high temperatures since at least 1961, when it was first visited by Russian scientists. These low-pressure fumaroles, some with temperatures up to 950°C, produced hissing to roaring – to deafening – levels of noise. There was more noise and higher flux than at Momotombo, where 950°C-fumaroles were studied through the early to mid-1980s by U.S. and Russian collaboration. At their annual visits during summer field work, the scientists had noted very little change in the behavior of the volcano.
Then, in mid-September 1999, temperature measurements of sediments in the dry crater lakes showed increases by 60-102 degrees.
In spite of the unusually dry weather the water in Hot Lake still covered more than half the area. The lake water close to the hot dome was boiling and seething due to gas emissions. Fumarole gas compositions during the second part of September showed increased hydrogen, oxygen, and fluorine contents. Sulfur ignition was seen in some locations. The number of earthquakes also increased, and although the one-channel seismic station deployed was insufficient to determine any hypocenters, the elevated seismicity was obvious. No doubt – an eruption was imminent! Local authorities were warned that Kudriaviy was unstable and could erupt soon – which it did, three days later, on 7 October 1999.
The eruption created a new crater, 30 x 40 m wide and with over 30 m deep steep walls in the Hot Lake area, and it removed part of the dome. In the lower part of the crater wall was a 6 x 8 m cavity of incandescent rocks. Based on the light intensity, the temperature was estimated to be higher than 1,000-1,100°C. Hot gas rose from this area. Small fiery patches and fragments with burning sulfur were seen on the S, W, and N walls.
No juvenile ash was identified, so the eruption was determined to be phreatic. This eruption was similar to a geyser eruption: periodic vertical ejection of gas, ash and steam. Minor explosions continued from the cave until 13 October. Activity then declined, consisting of gas emissions with some small rock fragments that didn’t reach the crater rim. Observations ended on 2 November.
FOUND SOMETHING… WHAT’S THIS?
So, why in the name of the marmot did the Russians start extensive research on one of the remotest, rarely erupting, island volcanoes of their country? Of course there was a reason, seemingly more important than “just” getting to know the behaviour of a volcano to protect the small local population:
One day in 1992 Russian scientists G. Steinberg and colleagues were doing field work near the fumaroles with their shovels and thermometers. When they looked at a piece of rock with some blackish crystals it seemed at first to be the common mineral molybdenite, but hmm… it appeared to be ever so slightly different… The rock was sent to the laboratory, and HEY! They had discovered, for the first time, a very rare mineral at the Kudryaviy crater: Rhenium disulfide (ReS2). Also called Rheniite, it precipitates in the high-temperature fumaroles as an unusual subsurface sublimate. There it crystallizes in the form of needles and plates directly from volcanic gas. It is the only known mineral with rhenium as its primary metallic constituent (i.e. as the only cation). So far, Re was believed to only exist in trace amounts on the Earth’s surface, but this was the first example of macroscopic rhenium mineralization. The condensation of pure rhenium disulphide from this fumarole gas requires both enrichment of rhenium by eight orders of magnitude as well as remarkable selectivity. These findings demonstrated that Re can be readily mobilized, dispersed and concentrated by degassing magmas.
Rhenium is also a strategically valuable metal that is used mainly in the military industry; high-strength superalloys for space and aviation equipment with 4 to 10% rhenium can withstand temperatures of 2000°C and more without loss of strength. In 2014, the world’s rhenium production was about 44 t, the price being some $ 3000 per kg, or higher, depending on purity.
In 2003, Russian scientists successfully carried out experimental work on the extraction of rhenium from the disulfide emitted by the fumaroles. The intention was then to build a concrete dome over one of the fumarolic fields and directly catch the hot gas, lead it through a bed of natural zeolites (porous, high surface area) where it would condense, depositing the precious mineral. This way, Kudryaviy volcano could produce 20 t of rhenium annually. Half of that would cover all Russia’s needs for the rare metal and leave the rest for export… do the calculations!
That sounded like a very futuristic idea, to say the least. To be sure, the volcano will not deliver the goodies easily, one “minor” obstacle (of the many) being the risk of eruption. But, wouldn’t you know, they are working on it… a plan is made, spanning to 2020, some funds are allocated, investors were found. In 2015 scientists managed to extract the first 17 kg of rhenium from the crater in a pilot project. The latest news (4/2017) is that preparatory work is underway to create an infrastructure for the installation and operation of the plant. A prefab spherical dome was already delivered last year, but it could not be mounted before winter – new plan is for this year. Just imagine that – building a road and transporting a factory up the rugged slopes of that fuming mountain, labouring under gas masks, hampered by rough weather and frightened by a roaring volcano…
This seems to be not only a matter of economy but also – a matter of perseverance and principle. And of politics of course… no longer can anyone call the Kuril islands “some useless empty pieces of land that Russia probably doesn’t really have any use for”…
The above description of the 1999 eruption was given at the time by the head geologist G.S. Steinberg (Biography, transl.), and a translation appeared as GVP Bulletin. Originally, he concluded with an important thought:
“Unfortunately, the use of the seismic part of the automated telemetry system of the operational eruption forecast, first deployed on Iturup in 1995, has been frozen for three years, since the [authorities] do not have the resources necessary to ensure its operation
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and children of obese parents are more likely to be obese, stressing the importance of inheritance on obesity (Leibel, Behary & Friedman, 1993). Studies indicate that children who are overweight in the earlier ages of their lives are more likely to be overweight youth and adults (Serdula et al, 1993). Obesity has a vital impact not only on the affected individual but also the family of the person who is obese. Obesity is a severe problem which causes several difficulties, physical and psychological to the affected individual. Some of the most common health problems associated with obesity includes hypertension (blood pressure), diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Apart from physical and medical problems, obesity could also result in psychosocial and psychological distress among the affected individuals and their families. Studies which indicate that obesity is actively associated with psychological issues like depression and suicidal tendencies among youth and adolescents (Zametkin et al, 2004). If children and adults illustrate these mental problems, the families of obese individuals would also be impacted greatly. Young adults could face societal rejection in the form of stigmatization and differential behaviors at the education setting or even the workplace and this could be a cause for serious cause to the family members of the obese youth. Additionally, high poverty rates and low marriage rates are often associated with adults who are obese (Zametkin et al, 2004).
Adolescence and young adulthood is a difficult period in life which requires the support of peers and social system for the complete and positive development of identity and self esteem. When individuals are obese, especially young adults and adolescents, they are likely to face bullying, teasing and marginalization from friends and peers. This behavior from society could negatively impact their psychological growth and well being. This paper aims to discuss the likely effects, physical and psychological on the health and well being of adolescent adults and their families.
For instance, if I were an obese person, the greatest concern to me and my family would be my physical appearance. An obese person would become a target of embarrassment to the family members. Researchers have studied that obese youth are very often a target of bullying activities in their schools and colleges and could face peer aggression (Janssen et al, 2004). This could cause severe mood swings and disorders among the youth who would not be able to concentrate on the important educational tasks. Further, teasing due to fatness or heavyweight by the peers could also result in psychological and developmental problems among youth such as low self esteem. This can manifest itself in present and future life in the form of reduced body satisfaction and could ultimately cause severe symptoms of depression among the affected obese individuals (Eisenberg et al, 2003).
Several studies have indicated that adolescent children could be target of victimization of they are obese. The victimization could be in the form of physical oppression in the case of boys or unfriendly attitudes from their peers in case of girls (Pearce et al, 2002). Physical attractiveness is something which most youth and adolescents desire. Fatness and obesity cause the person to look unattractive and makes them less desirable to their peers and friends. These unwanted attitudes and feelings towards obese youth could cause psychological distress among youth and have a negative effect on their relationships with their peers and teachers and more importantly, parents and families.
Mood problems and the lack of desire to socialize could result in further restraints in socializing. Families and parents would be disheartened to see the negative development of their children and could also face severe psychological problems. Parents may force their children to do things which they do not like, for instance, socializing with friends, and this may result in aggressive behaviors in their adolescent children. The psychological distress caused in schools, colleges and the social networks of their children could result in terrible consequences. The emotional distress experienced by young adults could result in poor self images and aggressive behaviors among the youth (Mellin et al, 2002). These behaviors could give rise to problems such as suicidal tendencies among them (Mellin et al, 2002) and all this could have terrible consequences for the atmosphere at home, since parents would continually worry for their children’s well being.
Other problems include addiction to drugs, alcohol and substance abuse, all of which are likely to cause serious concerns among parents and family members. Obese individuals could be associated with several other disorders such as binge eating, extreme dieting and prolonged watching of television due to the attitudes of society and peers, which results in psychological disturbances. These problems could further aggravate and cause reduced performances in schools and educational institutes. This could severely impact their career and professional plans and could reduce their chances of success in society.
Adolescent gets involved in abnormal or problematic behaviors, due to emotional problems making it very likely for these young adults to drop out of schools and colleges. This has a more serious and long lasting effect since lack of substantial education could increase the chances of unemployment and resultant poverty (Mellin et al, 2002). Due to lower levels of education accomplishment, obese youth could be treated differently at the workplace and this could give rise to further problems at the family level, affecting their present and future marital relationships.
Thus, it is apparent that obesity is a severe disease which causes not only physical and medical problems but also has a negative effect on the psychological and social development of youth. The youth suffer due to lack of self esteem and other disturbances and this becomes a cause for serious concern to the parents and family of the affected individual. The familial and societal implications of obesity are lasting and efforts must be taken to avert the onset of obesity and the resultant problems associated with it.
Marla E. Eisenberg, Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, Mary Story. Associations of Weight-Based Teasing and Emotional Well-being Among Adolescents. Archives of Pediatric Adolescence Med. 2003;157:733-738.
Ian Janssen, Wendy M. Craig, William F. Boyce, and William Pickett,. Associations Between Overweight and Obesity With Bullying Behaviors in School-Aged Children. PEDIATRICS Vol. 113 No. 2004, pp. 1187-1194
Leibel RL, Behary N, Friedman JF. Strategies for the molecular genetic analysis of obesity in humans. Critical Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1993;33:351-358.
Mellin AE, Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M, Ireland M, Resnick MD. (2002). Unhealthy behaviors and psychosocial difficulties among overweight adolescents: The potential impact of familial factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(2):145-153.
Pearce MJ, Boergers J, Prinstein MJ. Adolescent obesity, overt and relational peer victimization, and romantic relationships. Obesity Research 10(5):386-93. 2002.
Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS, Williamson DF, Byers T. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med. 1993;22:167-177.
Zametkin, Alan J., Christine K. Zoon, Hannah W. Klein nd Suzanne Munson. Psychiatric Aspects of Child and Adolescent Obesity. A Review of the Past 10 Years Focus 2:625-641 (2004)این سد که بزرگترین سد عراق است، بر روی سطحی ساخته شده که بافت غالب آن، سنگ گچ قابل حل شدن در آب است که همین مسئله تنها چند ماه پس از ساخته شدن آن باعث ایجاد رخنههایی در سازه سد شد و در نهایت بازرسان آن را دارای "اشکالات بنیادی" خواندند.
یک پروژه 27 میلیون دلاری نیز برای تقویت دیواره سد هزینه شده که آن هم پیشرفت بسیار کمی داشته است.功能：就想着跑到远在安徽马鞍山的老婆这里避避风头...
使用说明：每年两会中国政府公布经济增长目标是一个惯例
软件介绍：粮食产量近700亿
是XX你就坚持60秒.
为
依法严肃予以处理[主持人]
是XX你就坚持60秒...
1N...
主要功能：确保这部分资金的安全
软件名称：反对外国政府干预港...
中山市检察院有两个派出检察院
每生每年不高于8000元每年补偿或代偿总额的1/3
最高不能超过三十年现行刑法规定最高不超过二十五年此外
吉林书记回应
就必须确保年均7.2%的增长率不过由于2011—2014年的高增长
也为甲醇汽车政策放开提供条件
;最终营造一个社区”“
帮助家庭经济困难儿童F1 - McLaren costretta a licenziare 1.200 dipendenti
F1 - McLaren costretta a licenziare 1.200 dipendenti
F1 - McLaren costretta a licenziare 1.200 dipendenti
Cacciopini Corbiniano
28 Mag, 2020, 18:39
Il gruppo britannico McLaren ha annunciato il licenziamento di 1.200 dei suoi 4mila dipendenti.
Tagli in vista per la McLaren: a causa della pandemia da coronavirus la casa automobilistica britannica sta pianificando la riduzione di un quarto della sua forza lavoro.
Il presidente esecutivo Paul Walsh ha commentato: "Siamo profondamente dispiaciuti per l'impatto che questa ristrutturazione avrà su tutte le persone, ma specialmente per coloro che perderanno il loro lavoro". Resta dunque inteso che, se così fosse, anche il reparto di Formula 1 subirebbe un ridimensionamento di circa 70/75 persone.
La McLaren vuole tornare grande.
"McLaren Racing è stata fra i sostenitore dell'introduzione dal 2021 del nuovo budget cap per la Formula 1 - ha detto ancora Walsh - Questa misura creerà una base finanziaria sostenibile per le squadre e porterà a uno sport più competitivo". Nella prossima stagione alla guida delle monoposto della McLaren ci saranno i piloti Daniel Ricciardo e Lando Norris. In campo è sceso il Premier Boris Johnson che, secondo il Times, per la necessità di tutelare l'industria del motorsport inglese potrebbe concedere una recisione dell'obbligo della quarantena dopo 3 settimane dalla sua entrata in vigore (8 giugno).Questi pulsanti sono un ottimo strumento di navigazione per invitare i tuoi lettori ad abdare su un'altra pagina del tuo sito.
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Come utilizzare i pulsanti Mega con le anteprimeQ50: Why is development and manufacturing of new hypertensive drugs very profitable for the pharmaceutical companies ?
Answer: Now a days more people visit doctors for hypertension than for any condition other than the common cold. And no wonder, as the threshold for hypertension has dropped from 160/100 to 140/90 and now, with prehypertension, to 120/80.
More than 50 million Americans are considered hypertensive, meaning blood pressure of 140/90 or higher. Additionally, 45 million U.S. adults are said to have prehypertension — a level of 120-139 (top number) or 80-89 (bottom number).
Many heart-disease experts defend the idea of treating prehypertension, saying people need to be warned about the condition because cardiovascular disease usually gets worse with age and patients can benefit from early warning and drug treatment.
Last month, a panel of the American Society of Hypertension also suggested that people with normal blood pressure but other risk factors — age, weight, smoking, family history — be considered to have hypertension and be treated accordingly.
Nearly half the world’s population is now classified as hypertensive or prehypertensive, including three-quarters of the elderly population and to treat this predicted amount of patients Pharmaceutical companies need new hypertensive drugs and is very profitable.The Golden Rectangle is a rectangle that is based upon the Golden Mean, which is a number that is represented by the Greek Letter phi (F) or represented decimally 1.6180339887499 etc.
The dimensions of a Golden Rectangle are 1.618, therefore a rectangle made using the Golden Mean for example be 13 feet by 8 feet. Other examples are 1 X 1, 2 X 1, 3 X 2, 5 X 3, 8 X 5, 21 X 13 and 34 X 21. The reason why all those dimensions make golden rectangles is that 21/13 comes out to be around 1.61904, a few decimal places away from the exact number of the Golden Mean. In nature the numbers contained within the Golden Mean occur again and again in many diverse things. If you start with the numbers 0 and 1, then make a list where each number is the sum of the previous two you have a list like the one below:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144 and so on to infinity…
The above numbers are called a Fibonacci Series, after Fibonacci, an Italian painter who while studying the way plants grew, realized they followed the above sequence perfectly. After a plant grew one flower, it would have to grow one more, then two more, and so on, following the pattern exactly.
A few more examples of this numerical series in nature are the way a Nautilus constructs its shell, each time growing larger on each spiral using the Phi ratio.
And, a sunflower which has 55 clockwise spirals overlaid on either 34 or 89 counterclockwise spirals, again following the Fibonacci series perfectly.
In architecture, the Golden Mean has been used widely throughout history. Originally discovered by Pythagoras, the ancient Greeks constructed their temples to fit the Golden Mean, the classic example of this being the Parthenon in Athens, which makes a perfect golden mean square.
The reason why the Golden Mean was used for architecture was that the ratio was very easy to reproduce accurately without using highly technical methods of calculation due to the fact the Golden Mean ratios all differ from the number representing the Golden Mean by less than 0.003. After the fall of Rome, knowledge of the Golden Mean was lost until the Renaissance, when many Italian painters rediscovered the ratio, using it to create perspective in their paintings, to construct buildings and decorate rooms.
by James Dilworth
The Flower of Life 14 videos: Drunvalo Melchesadek 1994 Sedona, Arizona
Spence, Lewis Encyclopedia of Occultism 1960 University Books New York
| BP集团公司简介
BP集团公司包括原英国石油、阿莫科、阿科和嘉实多等公司，是集石油天然气勘探开发、炼油与营销、化工及天然气与发电于一身的一体化能源公司。它是世界上最大的石油与石油化工集团之一。位居2001年财富杂志全球五百强的第7位。公司总部设在伦敦。
在2001年4月30日，BP的资产市值达2030亿美元，股东超过一百万人。到2001年底，BP员工达11万，业务遍及世界百余个国家。2001年生产比2000年增长5.5%，其中日生产原油193万桶，天然气86亿立方英尺。碳氢能源储量163亿桶油当量。我们把天然气销往世界24个国家，平均日销售188亿立方英尺。BP太阳能的年销售量是55兆瓦，比2000年增长30%。BP在全球拥有 55个化工厂，及21个日炼制能力达2,900万桶原油的炼厂。BP的26,800个加油站遍布世界各地，日销售成品油逾1.6亿加仑。我们的便利店的年营业额超过32亿美元。公司2001年总营业额为1742亿美元，年收益80亿美元。
BP公司在华经营范围和业务状况:
到目前为止，BP已在中国投资约40亿美元，拥有独资合资企业20多家，直接雇员和控股公司雇员超过1000人，是在华投资最大的能源公司。BP集团的四大核心业务从上游的石油及天然气生产，天然气及发电到下游的石油化工，油品营销等都在中国有广泛的开展。其业务已从70年代初期的产品销售扩展到石油天然气生产、炼油、油站、航空油料、液化石油气、化工及天然气与发电各个领域，地域涵盖东北、华北、华东、华南及中西部各地区。
2000年10月，通过支持中国石化首次海外上市， BP获得了中国石油化工股份有限公司2.2%的股权。2000年4月，BP也以同样的方式获得中国石油股份有限公司2.2%的股权。
主要参股投资企业名称及主要产品：
位于重庆的扬子江乙酰化工公司是中西部最大的中外合资企业。它是BP和中国石化合作在重庆共同投资两亿美元成立的醋酸合资企业，是中国最大的醋酸生产和营销企业。
在宁波，宁波华东液化石油气基地站是由BP公司和宁波的华东液化石油气公司共同投资建设的项目，建设规模为年生产能力100万吨液化石油气。该项目是全国最大的液化石油气一级储运站。
在上海，合作投资金额高达27亿美元的上海赛科化工有限责任公司已正式成立。该石化联合企业的核心部分是兴建一个年产90万吨乙烯以及生产其它化学中间体的生产装置。这将是目前中国最大的乙烯生产装置。
BP与中国海洋集团总公司（CNOOC）和中国石油天然气集团总公司（CNPC）合作，联合进行了多项海上和陆上油气勘探。南海流花11-1油田，崖城13-1气田是其中的佼佼者。BP是中国海上最大的天然气生产企业。
BP投资近4亿美元在珠海合资建设了一座精对苯二甲酸生产厂。
在油品营销方面，BP的独资和合资企业以东南沿海各省市为依托，辐射全国，经营包括
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can gather data needed to improve weather forecasts in severe working environments.
Meteorologists can tell you whether it will storm 10 days before your wedding, and climatologists can determine if you’re likely to have a hot and dry summer almost a year in advance. But the time period in between, known as the subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescale, has remained a major weather-climate prediction gap despite growing public demand.
Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) - or "NOAA Research" - provides the research foundation for understanding the complex systems that support our planet. Working in partnership with other organizational units of the NOAA, a bureau of the Department of Commerce, NOAA Research enables better forecasts, earlier warnings for natural disasters, and a greater understanding of the Earth. Our role is to provide unbiased science to better manage the environment, nationally, and globally.Bir parti şapkası giyen bir altın ayıcıktan daha iyi ne, soruyorsun?
Parti şapkası giyen üç goldendoodles. Evet. Üç.
Bu 3 goldendoodles en iyi arkadaşlar – ve biz de
Aug.25.201600:55
Ama bu bir Fotoped meme veya bir Disney filminin arsa değildir. Bu gerçek hayat, insanlar. Ve “goldendoodle” kelimesinin tek başına bir kesinlik bağışı vermek için yeterli olmadığı gibi, bunların en iyi arkadaşları ve doğum günü partileri var ve bira içiyorlar..
(Endişelenme. Onlar sadece Instagram için poz veriyorlar.)
Ama biraz geriye dönelim. Başından beri, bir altınendoodle, bir golden retriever ve bir fino köpeği arasında bir karışımdır (bir hipoalerjenik olan). Ve New York City’de yaşayan üç sevimli yavruda, her bir köpeğin kendi hesabının bir hesabını oluşturarak hayvan sahiplerinin sevimli bir temyizden faydalanmaya hakkı vardır..
İLGİLİ: TODAY’ın köpeğin bir amacı olan bir ismi var – Charlie!
Şimdi, evcil hayvanların internette yayınlandığı durumda olduğu gibi, onlar da meşhurlar. MEGA ünlü gibi.
New York Magazine, onlara “Goldendoodles Kardashians” diyor. Sahipleri onlara Hudson, Samson ve Neptün diyorlar. Muhtemelen birbirlerine “kardeş” diyorlar.
‘Doodles’ın kliği yappy saatine gider.’ Ray-Bans’i giyiyorlar. “Izgarada” tatil yapıyorlar ve popüler, Instagram tarafından onaylanan havuz şamandıralarında yüzüyorlar. Gün batımını alırlar.
Bir doodle partisine davet alamazsak, en azından fotoğraf kanıtlarına bakabiliriz. İşte favorilerimiz.Pepe Rodriguez, one of the most notorious bank robbers in the early settling of the West, lived just across the border in Mexico. He regularly crept into Texas towns to rob banks, returning to Mexico before the Texas Rangers could catch him. The frustrated lawmen were so embarrassed by this that they illegally crossed the border into Mexico.
Eventually, they cornered Pepe in a Mexican bar that he frequented. Unfortunately, Pepe couldn’t speak any English, so the lawmen asked the bartender to translate for them. The bartender explained to Pepe who these men were, and Pepe began to shake with fear.
The Texas Rangers, with their guns drawn, told the bartender to ask Pepe where he had hidden all the money he had stolen from the Texas banks. ‘‘Tell him that if he doesn’t tell us where the money is right now, we’re going to shoot him dead on the spot.’’ The bartender translated all this for Pepe.
Immediately, Pepe explained in Spanish that the money was hidden in the town well. They could find the money by counting down 17 stones from the handle, and behind the 17th stone was all the loot he had stolen.
The bartender then turned to the Rangers and said in English, ‘‘Pepe is a very brave man. He says that you are a bunch of stinking pigs, and he is not afraid to die!’’
(Wayne Rice, Hot Illustrations for Youth Talks, p. 163-4)Le nevicate che nelle ultime settimane hanno interessato l'appennino romagnolo hanno innalzato la portata della Diga di Ridracoli, nel comune di Bagno di Romagna, fino a farla tracimare. Raggiunta quindi la capienza massima di oltre 33 milioni di metri cubi d'acqua. Un evento che mancava da 22 mesi per il principale invaso di raccolta d’acque della Romagna e della Regione Emilia-Romagna. L'ultima tracimazione risale infatti al 5 maggio 2021, frutto di ingenti piogge e soprattutto della neve caduta nell'inverno a cavallo tra 2020 e il 2021. Il punto minimo si è toccato il 20 novembre 2022 dopo una primavera e un'estate notevolmente siccitose, con appena il 24% di invaso occupato; poi il recupero in poco più di tre mesi e infine il colpo finale con le nevicate di febbraio. Dall'inizio dell'anno in corso sono stati registrati ben 190 millimetri di cumulata pluviometrica.در این نشست که با حضور مدیران استانی و کارشناسان هر بخش از سازمان برنامه و بودجه برگزار شد، در خصوص طرحهای مختلف حوزه راه و شهرسازی، جهاد کشاورزی، آب و فاضلاب شهری و روستایی، میراث فرهنگی، بهداشت و درمان، ورزش و جوانان و سایر طرح های ملی استان گفت و گو و تصمیم گیری های لازم در خصوص تامین و افزایش اعتبارات در بودجه سال آینده انجام شد.
چهارمحال و بختیاری 500 طرح نیمه تمام در قالب یکهزار و 700 پروژه دارد که تکمیل این طرح ها نیازمند 16 هزار میلیارد ریال اعتبار است.
پتروشیمی بروجن، راه آهن، راه سازی و طرح های سدسازی و آبخیزداری از جمله مهمترین طرح های ملی استان به شمار می رود.
انتهای پیام/Bu bahar yaptığım farklı aktiviteleri paylaşmak istedim.
Mavi kinetik kumun üzerinde balık tutma etkinliği yapıyoruz. Evalardan renk renk balık yaptım. Üstlerine aynı renkten ataç taktım. Sonra da bir çubuğa iple mıknatıs bağlayarak olta yaptım. Bu şekilde renk gruplama aktiviteleri yapılabilir.
Hazır balık tutma aktivitesi yapmışken akvaryuma gittik. Balıklar, penguenler gördük.Plastic pollution in the oceans has reached a stage where microplastics - pieces smaller than 5mm - now outnumber stars in our galaxy, according to UN secretary general António Guterres.
And by 2050, he says, if present trends continue, there will be more plastic in the world's oceans than fish.
People in the drought-stricken Western Cape, Cape Town in particular, have been forced to focus on the quantity of water as supplies declined drastically, but environmentalists say it is just as important to focus on the quality of water. Curbing plastic pollution is one way ordinary people can help improve the quality of our water.
Because of the huge amount of plastic pollution in the world's seas, lakes and rivers, the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) has made the theme for this year's World Environment Day on June 5 "Beat Plastic Pollution".
Guterres says no place on Earth is untouched by plastic pollution, including remote spots in the Arctic.
The UN says its message to the global community on World Environment Day is to reject all "single-use" plastic items - those that are thrown away after being used only once. Its slogan is "refuse what you can't re-use".
All over the world people are taking action on June 5 against plastic pollution to highlight the problem, to show how they have reduced their own plastic consumption and to challenge others to do the same.
Locally, some environment activists have formed the Waste Reduction Far South group, and will be visiting restaurants, cafes and shops on the eastern and western seaboards of the Southern Peninsula to assess how businesses are dealing with the problem of single-use plastic.
Businesses will be asked 12 questions in a survey, and the results will be published.
Patrick Dowling of Kommetjie, a member of the group, said the vast amount of plastic pollution in places such as the Little Lotus River and Zandvlei had disturbed many locals, and had led to the group being established.
"This survey is one phase of a sustained plastic reduction campaign, not just a flash in the pan. We really want to turn the tide of plastic pollution," Dowling said.
They will target places that sell take-away food and drink, and ask how these businesses deal with items such as plastic straws and cutlery, packaging for coffee and food, plastic bags and styrofoam.
A 'new' water source
"At the moment the big emphasis with water has been avoiding Day Zero, so everyone is focused on water quantity. But closely aligned is water quality, which means ensuring all water can be used productively, and not polluted," Dowling said.
He said the authorities were looking at using storm water as a "new" water source to recharge aquifers.
"If you look at the plastic that is taken along with the storm water, heaven help us. Can you imagine the systems that will have to be put in place to take out the plastic pollution?"
Dowling said some businesses had already started taking action against single-use plastic. One encouraged customers to bring their own coffee mugs, and gave them free coffee the first time.
Another offered free coffee to anyone bringing a bag of litter before 09:00.
"Plastic plays an important role in the economy, but single-use plastic definitely needs to be phased out," Dowling said.
50% of plastic is single-use
Head of UNEP Erik Solheim writes that there are 51 trillion microplastic particles in the world's oceans, 500 times more than the stars in our galaxy.
They come from plastic items that break up, or are additives in facial scrubs and toothpaste. A single wash of acrylics can release over 700 000 particles.
Solheim says while there is debate and conflicting research, potentially harmful plastic fragments are getting into our bodies in increasing quantities. These can serve as a magnet for other pollutants such as dioxins, metals and pesticides.
But the problem is not plastic itself, he says, but what we do with it.
"We buy one million plastic drinking bottles every minute, and use roughly 500 billion disposable plastic bags every year. Some 50% of plastic is single-use. Nearly one third of plastic packaging escapes collection and clogs the city's [systems]. Thirteen tons of plastic reach our oceans where it smothers coral reefs and threatens wildlife. It can persist up to 1 000 years before it fully disintegrates," Solheim said.
He referred to research by Sherri Mason from the State University of New York who had tested more than 250 bottles of water from eleven global brands and found plastic debris in 93% of them.
Social media campaign
Mason said while the exact implications of humans swallowing microplastic were not known, "we all have a pretty innate understanding that it probably isn't good.
"We have seen the impacts on aquatic species - from dehydration/starvation to the transmission of bio-accumulative toxic compounds - and we shouldn't expect it to be any different for us.
Last month the European Commission proposed banning single-use plastic products such as straws and putting the burden of cleaning up waste on the manufacturers. The proposed ban would also require EU countries to collect 90% of single-use bottles for water and other drinks by 2025, and producers to help cover costs of waste management.
* You can join UNEP's global game of #BeatPlasticPollution by choosing a type of single-use plastic you are ready to give up; take a selfie showing yourself with the re-usable alternative that you are ready to embrace; share your selfie on social media and tag three friends, businesses or high-profile people to challenge them to do the same within 24 hours. Be sure to use the #BeatPlasticPollution hashtag and mention @UNEnvironment.2009年10月25日–黄金在1045美元至1060美元区域的持续盘整对其持续的牛市非常有利。但是，由于期权到期，月底总是很棘手。黄金卡特尔在旨在限制金价的市场干预措施中写了很多电话。结果，他们经常在月底轰炸黄金，以使尽可能多的看涨期权用完这些钱，从而使卡特尔获得全部溢价。
尽管10月的到期不是一个大的月（例如，与11月的到期相比），但预计下周会出现一定的销售压力是正常的。实际上，在期权到期之前降低金价的卖压已经开始。请仔细查看Kitco的以下盘中图表。
请注意，纽约时间上午10:00之后，周五（绿线）黄金急剧下跌，这与伦敦时间下午3.00之后伦敦下午定盘价的完成相对应。这是老式的金卡特尔行动来绘制胶带。在伦敦的现货市场本周几乎休市，而纽约的交易在周末之前稀少的时候，他们通过打击纸张市场来做到这一点。但是，与过去几年的月末相比，当月底出现直线下降时，有人进来并以1050美元的价格买入了底线。
换句话说，由于所有新参与者都被黄金吸引，黄金在1000美元以上的市场就大为不同。例如，Comex未平仓头寸从今年初开始激增。因此，我们可以得出结论，如果黄金卡特尔打算在本月底之前将其价格推低，那么它的工作就会减少。换句话说，场外有大量资金在等待逢低买入，这可能会使黄金卡特尔的计划脱轨。
黄金卡特尔的目标是在下周将黄金下跌至1030美元，触发该区域附近的所有卖出止损，然后黄金卡特尔将用其来弥补空头。过去，我通常会说他们可以做到，但是由于有太多新玩家进入市场，所以我现在不确定黄金卡特尔实际上可以将黄金降至这一水平。
如果黄金卡特尔成功地将黄金推低至期权到期，我们将很快发现这些新参与者是否“弱手”，并摆脱其交易头寸。相反，这些新手也可能是“强手”，可以买入任何底池，这是星期五发生的。如果这种情况再次发生，那么我希望我们本周能够走高，无论它是否是月底。
下图仍然非常看涨。黄金正在从过去两年形成的庞大基础中突围。
如果我们看到价格跌至1030美元（本周有50％的可能性），这将是交易者增加其头寸的理想机会。有关我的具体交易建议，请参见 贸易 .Juvenile arthritis (JA) refers to a number of different conditions, all of which strike children, and all of which have joint inflammation as their majormanifestation.
The skeletal system of the body is made up of different types of the strong,fibrous tissue known as connective tissue. Bone, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons are all forms of connective tissue which have different compositions, and thus different characteristics.
The joints are structures that hold two or more bones together. Some joints (synovial joints) allow for movement between the bones being joined (called articulating bones). The simplest model of a synovial joint involves two bones,separated by a slight gap called the joint cavity. The ends of each articular bone are covered by a layer of cartilage. Both articular bones and the joint cavity are surrounded by a tough tissue called the articular capsule. The articular capsule has two components: the fibrous membrane on the outside, andthe synovial membrane (or synovium) on the inside. The fibrous membrane mayinclude tough bands of fibrous tissue called ligaments, which are responsiblefor providing support to the joints. The synovial membrane has special cellsand many capillaries (tiny blood vessels). This membrane produces a supply of synovial fluid which fills the joint cavity, lubricates it, and helps the articular bones move smoothly about the joint.
In JA, the synovial membrane becomes intensely inflamed. Usually thin and delicate, the synovium becomes thick and stiff, with numerous infoldings on itssurface. The membrane becomes invaded by white blood cells, which produce a variety of destructive chemicals. The cartilage along the articular surfaces of the bones may be attacked and destroyed, and the bone, articular capsule, and ligaments may begin to be worn away (eroded). These processes severely interfere with movement in the joint.
JA specifically refers to chronic arthritic conditions which affect a child under the age of 16 years, and which last for a minimum of three to six months. JA is often characterized by a waxing and waning course, with flares separated by periods of time during which no symptoms are noted (remission). Some literature refers to JA as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, although most typesof JA differ significantly from the adult disease called rheumatoid arthritis, in terms of symptoms, progression, and prognosis.
A number of different causes have been sought to explain the onset of JA. There seems to be some genetic link, based on the fact that the tendency to develop JA sometimes runs in a particular family, and based on the fact that certain genetic markers are more frequently found in patients with JA and other related diseases. Many researchers have looked for some infectious cause for JA, but no clear connection to a particular organism has ever been made. JA isconsidered by some to be an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders occurwhen the body's immune system mistakenly identifies the body's own tissue as foreign, and goes about attacking those tissues, as if trying to rid the body of an invader (such as a bacteria, virus, or fungi). While an autoimmune mechanism is strongly suspected, certain markers of such a mechanism (such as rheumatoid factor, often present in adults with such disorders) are rarely present in children with JA.
Joint symptoms of arthritis may include stiffness, pain, redness and warmth of the joint, and swelling. Bone in the area of an affected joint may grow tooquickly, or too slowly, resulting in limbs which are of different lengths. When the child tries to avoid moving a painful joint, the muscle may begin toshorten from disuse. This is called a contracture.
Symptoms of JA depend on the particular subtype. JA is classified by the symptoms which appear within the first six months of the disorder:
- Pauciarticular JA: This is the most common and the least severe type of JA, affecting about 40-60% of all JA patients. This type of JA affects fewer than four joints, usually the knee, ankle, wrist, and/or elbow. Other more general (systemic)
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پست وبلاگ خود، SHI را به عنوان “یک سکه با الگوی پایدار که همیشه به 1c می چسبد” توصیف می کند؛ از طرف دیگر، او shiرا به عنوان یک «مبادله جهانی دارای ارزش برای مردم» به تصویر می کشد.
به گفته ریوشی، هدف نهایی در فرآیند استیبل کوین shi این است که SHI به یک “ارز جهانی باثبات تبدیل شود تا مردم در همه کشورها بتوانند به آن به عنوان یک ذخیره ارزشمند و روشی برای پرداخت نگاه کنند”.
استیبل کوین ها خود را به یک دارایی باثباتتر، مانند یک ارز فیات (دلار آمریکا) میچسبانند؛ این ویژگی به آنها اجازه میدهد تا از مزایای ارز دیجیتال و در عین حال کاهش نوسانات مرتبط با آن استفاده کنند.
Shi، قابلیت قفل کردن ذخایر را دارد؛ در ادامه نیز ریوشی اضافه کرده است که شیها باید با دقت ساخته شود تا به اوراکل های شخص ثالث اتکا نشود، آنها باید به گونه ای به تولید برسند که کاملاً محدود، همیشگی و مستقل باشند.”
مزایا و معایب استیبل کوین shi
استیبل کوین shiها که به عنوان یک دارایی با ثبات در جهان شناخته می شوند، مزایا و معایبی دارند که آگاهی از آنها، سبب شناخت هر چه بیشتر ما نسبت به استیبل کوین شی می شود؛ برخی از مهم ترین مزیت ها و معایب استیبل کوین shi عبارتند از:
|مزایای استیبل کوین shi||معایب استیبل کوین shi|
|دارای ارزش ثابت||نیازمند یک نهاد یا شخص ثالث|
|سادگی در انجام تراکنش||نابود شدن استیبل کوین ها با از بین رفتن بازار کریپتو|
|عرضه شدن با پشتوانه ارز حقیقی||دارای الگوریتم هایی در جهت دستکاری StableCoinها|
|عدم دستکاری توسط سفته بازها||تاثیرگذاری استیبل کوین ها بر ارزهای فیات|
|استفاده معامله گران در بازارهایی با نوسانات زیاد||نیاز به حسابرسی بیرونی در جهت اعتماد از سرمایه و داراییتان|
انواع استیبل کوین ها
استیبل کوین ها، انواع مختلفی دارند؛ در واقع، انواع مختلف StableCoinها به استفاده آنها از چند پشتیبانی که در جهت حفظ و ثبات خود به کار می برند، مربوط می شود؛ استیبل کوین ها به 2 نوع متمرکز و غیر متمرکز تقسیم می شوند و هر کدام از آنها هم انواع مختلفی دارند که عبارتند از:
استیبل کوین های دارای وثیقه Fiat (متمرکز)
استیبل کوینهای وثیقهشده فیات، اصلیترین نوع استیبلکوینهایی هستند که با آنها مواجه میشوید؛ این نوع از استیبل کوین ها از پشتوانه یک ارز فیات مانند یورو، پوند انگلیس یا دلار آمریکا برخوردار هستند.
استیبل کوین های دارای وثیقه فیات ساده ترین انواع استیبل کوین با نسبت پشتوانه 1:1 هستند؛ این پشتوانه سهمیه ای نشان می دهد که که یک استیبل کوین برابر با یک واحد ارز مانند یک یورو یا یک دلار است.
استیبل کوین های دارای پشتوانه کالا (متمرکز)
همانطور که از نام آن مشخص است، استیبل کوینهای دارای پشتوانه کالا دارای پشتوانه انواع مختلفی از داراییهای قابل تعویض مانند فلزات گرانبها هستند؛ رایج ترین کالایی که به عنوان وثیقه برای استیبل کوین های دارای پشتوانه کالا استفاده می شود، طلا است.
صاحبان استیبل کوینهای دارای وثیقه کالا، به طور کلی، مالکیت یک دارایی مشهود با ارزش واقعی را بر عهده دارند؛ این یک مزیت بسیار عالی نسبت به اکثر ارزهای دیجیتال به شمار می رود.
استیبل کوین های دارای پشتوانه رمزنگاری (متمرکز)
استیبل کوین های دارای وثیقه رمزنگاری شده در مقایسه با استیبل کوین های دارای وثیقه فیات، تمرکززدایی بهتری را ارائه می دهند؛ علاوه بر این، برخی از استیبل کوینهای دارای پشتوانه رمزنگاری از پشتوانه انواع مختلفی از ارزهای دیجیتال برای ایجاد اطمینان از توزیع کارآمد ریسک برخوردار هستند.
همچنین، استیبل کوینهای دارای پشتوانه رمزنگاری از مزیت نقدینگی بهبود یافته نیز برخوردارند و می توان گفت، استیبل کوین های دارای وثیقه رمزنگاری شده یکی از پیچیده ترین انواع استیبل کوین هستند که در حال حاضر مورد استفاده قرار می گیرند.
استیبل کوین های الگوریتمی (غیر متمرکز)
استیبل کوین های غیر وثیقه ای یا الگوریتمی هیچ دارایی یا وثیقه ای برای حمایت از آنها ندارند؛ اساساً، استیبل کوینهای الگوریتمی میتوانند با توجه به اصول عرضه و تقاضای بازار، ثبات را ارائه دهند.
علاوه بر این، توجه به این نکته نیز مهم است که استیبل کوین های الگوریتمی دارای بالاترین سطح عدم تمرکز و استقلال هستند؛ همچنین بد نیست بدانید که هیچ وثیقه ای در مورد استیبل کوین های الگوریتمی برای نقدینگی وجود ندارد و همه می توانند در صورت سقوط و کسادی بازار، پول خود را از دست بدهند.
سوالات متداول
1) ویژگی یا کاربرد استیبل کوین shi چیست؟
سود مالی، قراردادهای هوشمند با قابلیت ردیابی، انجام معاملات روزانه، ثبات در ارزش سرمایه و داراییف تسهیل در پرداخت ها، دریافت وام های ارز دیجیتال و بهتر کردن عملکرد صرافی ها از جمله ویژگی های استیبل کوین های SHI محسوب می شوند.
2) بهترین و محبوب ترین استیبل کوین ها در بازار کدامها هستند؟
از جمله محبوب ترین و بهترین استیبل کوین های موجود در بازار، می توان به دای، دلار GUSD، تتر، توکن طلایی، Neutrino، بایننس، USDC، TrueUSD و ارز ترا و دلار PAX اشاره کرد.
3) SHI چه تأثیری بر قیمت memecoin خواهد داشت؟
Shiba Inu تمرکز خود را از memecoin بودن به ایجاد SHI به عنوان اولین استیبل کوین خود در بازار ارزهای دیجیتال تغییر داده است؛ همچنین شی به عنوان ذخیره ارزش و روش پرداخت استفاده خواهد شد. با حفظ ثبات SHI، قیمت آن به 0.01 دلار آمریکا می رسد.
4) استیبل کوین ها در هنگام بازگشت سرمایه چگونه رفتار می کنند؟
استیبل کوینها پتانسیل بالقوه بازگشت سرمایه (ROI) ) بالا را برای سرمایهگذاران مانند ارزهای رمزنگاری نشده بدون اتصال فراهم نمیکنند.
جمع بندی
هر گونه استیبل کوین ویژگی منحصر به فرد خود را دارد؛ انواع مختلف استیبل کوین به وضوح روش های مختلفی را نشان می دهد که استیبل کوین ها می توانند کار کنند. در حال حاضر، استیبل کوین ها با چهار مدل متمایز کار می کنند که از ساختارهای مختلف وثیقه پیروی می کنند.
استیبل کوین های دارای پشتوانه رمزنگاری، نقدینگی بهتری ارائه می دهند، در حالی که استیبل کوین های دارای پشتوانه فیات برای مبتدیان آسان تر قابل درک و استفاده هستند؛ در رابطه با این موضوع، ما به بررسی انواع استیبل کوین ها در محتوای همین مقاله پرداخته ایم.
چنانچه در رابطه با تاریخچه ارز شیبا، خرید شیبا اینو، فروش شیبا اینو، پیش بینی پلن بی در مورد شیبا و مسائلی این چنینی سوالی دارید، می توانید سوالات خود را با درج آنها در بخش نظرات سایت، با ما در میان بگذارید.Cos’è il funnel di vendita?
Un tipico funnel di vendita e-commerce ha cinque fasi:
Le 5 fasi di un funnel di vendita e-commerce
Come attirare i clienti in target per il tuo funnel di vendita e-commerce
Utilizza i dati dei clienti esistenti per creare un pubblico simile per le campagne pubblicitarie di Facebook
Ottimizza il tuo feed di Google Shopping con gruppi di prodotti e parole chiave a corrispondenza inversa
Crea un programma di referral che corrisponda al tuo marchio
- Aumenta la consapevolezza del tuo marchio
- Concentrati sul pubblico giusto
*Referral program : Secondo la definizione più comune, un programma di referral è un accordo con il quale la persona che entra nel programma su indicazione di un’altra persona già iscritta, fa in modo che a quest’ultima venga riconosciuto un incentivo in base alle vendite generate.虽然越来越多的遗传病被发现并找到了解决方法，但目前仍有许多遗传病让人束手无策;据美中桥合作的美国生殖医院统计，由夫妻一方或双方具有遗传病史的家庭，借助美国试管婴儿技术成为了他们必选的优生措施。
✪为何疾病会遗传给下一代?
遗传性疾病，是指父母的遗传物基因存在缺陷，那么在孕育下一代时，缺陷基因所组成的子代就会直接导致孩子患有先天性缺陷。
在我国，每年约有80-120万左右新出生婴幼儿存在先天性遗传病问题，这些遗传疾病有些出生后便会显现，另一些则会在特定年龄段发病，严重影响儿童的成长健康。
并且，部分遗传性疾病也许在父母身体不会出现明显表象，但却会通过生育而遗传到下一代身上。通常，孩子出生时就会表现出来如先天愚型、畸形等，但也有一些是在出生后发育到某一阶段才表现出来，比如肌营养不良症到儿童期才会发病，血友病在儿童期和青年时期发病较为常见。
✪美国试管婴儿如何避免遗传性疾病
以夫妻一方或双方染色体异常为例，常会导致女性发生难孕育、胎儿早期流产、胎停育等不良情况，如果父母一方或双方是染色体平衡易位的携带者，那么他们的子女中有1/4会发生流产，1/4可能是易位型先天愚型，1/4可能是染色体平衡易位的携带者，只有1/4的几率可能生产正常的孩子。
试管婴儿专家强调，如果通过基因检查，发现夫妻双方或一方存在基因畸变，如平衡易位染色体的携带者，那么这个家庭便不适宜自然生育;最有效保障胎儿健康的方式则是选用第三代美国试管婴儿进行辅助生殖，美国HRC试管婴儿：PGS\PGD技术，可在囊胚植入母体前，便明确哪些是不健康的基因异常囊胚并进行淘汰，而这个过程也是控制先天性遗传病最重要的一个环节。
通过准确检测囊胚中，全部染色体条数是否缺失、增多、完整和是否存在遗传性疾病，将存在染色体异常等不良情况的胚胎剔除，把优质健康的囊胚植入到母体进行着床，那么日后无论母体在受孕、妊娠还是宝宝健康方面，都会得到有效保障。
美国美孕合作的美国生殖医院已经可以通过第三代美国试管婴儿技术，准确诊断出125种遗传性疾病，这也是试管领域中，诊断最全面的助孕技术。让饱受遗传疾病困扰的夫妻圆生子梦。Bras might soon be the next weapon against breast cancer.
Reno-based First Warning Systems has created a bra designed to detect the growth of cancerous breast cells.
The non-invasive breast tissue-screening bra is fitted with small integrated sensors which track the temperature of the breasts of its wearer. These sensors are connected to a controller which number crunches the data to detect possible tissue abnormality and the early growth of cancerous cells.
Three major clinical trials claim the First Warning Systems bra is more accurate than mammograms – the bra has an accuracy of 90% compared with 70% for mammograms. The bra is also capable of detecting cancerous growth years before conventional methods. The bra is waiting for approval for use in the US and could be available in Europe as early as 2013.Scala. Boris Godunov: profezia sulla Russia
Capolavoro isolato e anomalo dell’Ottocento operistico, Boris Godunov di Modest Musorgskij ha avuto vicende compositive ed esecutive particolarmente complesse. Per restare in Italia, un elenco degli allestimenti dalla prima assoluta avvenuta alla Scala il 14 gennaio 1909 fino alla metà degli anni Novanta, dimostra che durante il secolo scorso nei teatri della penisola sono state proposte almeno otto versioni diverse della partitura, prodotta peraltro più di 160 volte in 85 anni, e 26 volte a Milano, capitale della fortuna di Musorgskij nel nostro Paese. In queste esecuzioni prevale nettamente la revisione firmata da Nikolaj Rimskij-Korsakov nel 1896 e dopo varie esecuzioni in Russia a cavallo del secolo approdata a Parigi, ulteriormente elaborata, nel 1908. Grazie ad essa l’Occidente scoprì con sorpresa ed entusiasmo questo titolo, subito facendone un elemento decisivo del nascente modernismo. E un caposaldo del repertorio.
Questa versione è stata proposta in adattamenti di varo tipo, caratterizzati da aggiunte od omissioni di specifiche scene o di un intero atto (il terzo), ma l’elenco comprende anche rarità come la revisione firmata da Dimitrij Šostakovič nel 1940 (eseguita per la prima volta in Russia solo nel 1959 e a Venezia nel 1967). O la rappresentazione secondo la prima edizione integrale dell’opera, che fu pubblicata a Mosca nel 1928.
Delle due versioni autografe di Musorgskij, datate 1869 e 1872, la più diffusa è probabilmente la seconda, rappresentata su un palcoscenico italiano (quello del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino) nel 1940 e diventata sempre più frequente a partire dagli anni Ottanta, dopo la pubblicazione dell’edizione critica, avvenuta nel 1975. Negli ultimi anni è cresciuto l’interesse per la prima versione, il cosiddetto Ur-Boris (il Boris originale), in Italia allestito inizialmente nel 1971 al Festival di Spoleto. È questa la proposta del Teatro alla Scala per il prossimo 7 dicembre, in occasione dell’inaugurazione della stagione.
Documentando la multiformità degli “assemblaggi” per la rappresentazione, la ricerca (realizzata dagli specialisti del repertorio operistico Giorgio Gualerzi e Carlo Marinelli Roscioni e pubblicata nel programma di sala di una produzione del Boris alla Fenice) provava la persistenza anche in Italia del fenomeno globale che uno dei maggiori studiosi di Musorgskij, lo storico della musica americano Richard Taruskin, ha definito “furia sincretistica”. La tendenza, cioè, a realizzare partiture d’uso di quest’opera, mettendo insieme parti o addirittura intere scene appartenenti a versioni differenti, sia nel caso degli autografi che in quello della revisione di Rimskij-Korsakov. In genere, queste scelte venivano giustificate con la volontà di non rinunciare a pagine considerate di rilevante importanza; o di escluderne altre per la loro asserita debolezza. Oggi fortunatamente prevale sempre più spesso l’omogeneità richiesta da esecuzioni storicamente consapevoli.
L’intricata storia di questo “dramma musicale popolare” per molti aspetti unico inizia nel settembre del 1868. Musorgskij non aveva ancora 30 anni (era nato il 21 marzo 1839) e aveva già aderito a quello che era stato definito dal pubblicista e suo fedele mentore Vladimir Stasov “il potente gruppetto”, cioè il Gruppo dei Cinque. Oltre a lui ne facevano parte Milij Balakirev, Tzesar’ Kjuj, Nikolaj Rimskij-Korsakov e Igor Borodin: tutti musicisti fautori di una visione nazionalistica ma soprattutto radicale della musica in Russia. Musorgskij, che aveva una formazione sostanzialmente da autodidatta (in seguito sarebbe stato spesso etichettato come “dilettante”), era in quel periodo particolarmente interessato al teatro musicale e stava lavorando alla trasposizione di una commedia di Gogol’, Il matrimonio, di cui avrebbe completato solo il primo atto. Decisivo fu l’incontro con lo studioso di storia Vladimir Nikol’skij. Il suo suggerimento di trarre un’opera dal Boris Godunov di Aleksandr Puškin fu accolto con entusiasmo dal giovane compositore, che si mise subito al lavoro.
Scritto nel 1825, pubblicato nel 1831 e arrivato alle scene solo nel 1870, il dramma del grande poeta racconta, sulla scorta della Storia dello stato russo di Nikolaij Karamzin, vicende accadute durante il cosiddetto Periodo dei Torbidi, dopo la morte dello zar Ivan il Terribile, tra la fine del ‘500 e l’inizio del ‘600. Boris, del quale Ivan aveva assoluta fiducia, aveva svolto le funzioni di reggente durante il regno del pio Fëdor, considerato debole di mente, ed era salito al trono alla morte di quest’ultimo, perché nel frattempo era morto anche l’ultimo figlio del Terribile, Dimitrij, un bambino di sette anni trovato con la gola squarciata da un coltello. Su questo episodio lo stesso Boris aveva ordinato un’inchiesta, che ufficialmente aveva escluso la responsabilità di qualcuno in una fine causata probabilmente da un attacco epilettico. In breve tempo, però, le tensioni politiche con la nobiltà e la situazione sociale, aggravata dalle ricorrenti carestie, avevano fatto sì che da un lato molti considerassero Boris quanto meno mandante del delitto, e dall’altro che emergesse e tentasse di andare al potere un falso Dimitrij, un impostore che aveva approfittato della diceria popolare secondo la quale il figlio di Ivan il Terribile era scampato all’attentato. Al culmine di questa situazione di devastante instabilità, mentre il popolo smarrito e affamato sembrava averlo abbandonato e i boiari complottavano contro di lui, Boris Godunov era morto, lasciando il Paese in una situazione di grave e prolungata incertezza e quasi di guerra civile.
Il libretto approntato dallo stesso compositore – in almeno un paio di scene utilizzando quasi letter
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do. Will your decisions help the Australians gain an important victory, and at with the minimum of casualties?
About the interactive
This interactive decision-maker challenges students to make decisions and suggestions based on the Australian Force’s strengths and weaknesses that will help win the battle at Hamel as quickly as possible, and with as few casualties as possible.
Students are given information about possible elements of the plan, and then a number of choices. Each choice that they make will win or lose points, according to whether it is the best possible decision.The National Interest
The Syrian conflict differs from other notable targets of humanitarian intervention in three critical respects. For starters, the constituency that has borne the brunt of appalling human-rights abuses is not an imperiled ethno-sectarian minority (such as Iraqi Kurds or Kosovo Albanians) or the population at large (as with Somalis in 1992). Instead, it is Syria's Sunni Arab majority that is suffering at the hands of an oppressive minoritarian regime.
Also in sharp contrast to major intervention precedents, this group is already on track to win the war. With a fivefold demographic advantage over President Bashar al-Assad's quasi-Shiite Alawite sect and growing material support from surrounding states, the overwhelmingly Sunni rebels are sure to eventually overpower regime forces. That's why they have zero interest in negotiating with the Syrian president.
Finally, the situation in Syria is unique in that the main victims have a long history of subjugating their victimizers. Syrian Alawites were deeply impoverished, socially marginalized and politically powerless for centuries prior to the rise of the Baath Party in the 1960s. Given the scale of regime atrocities in the interim and the increasingly Sunni Islamist character of the revolt, Alawites and other minorities that benefited disproportionately from Assad's rule (or at least suffered less than their fair share) have well-grounded fears of violent retribution when the walls come crumbling down. The fall of Saddam Hussein's Sunni-dominated minoritarian regime led to several hundred extrajudicial executions of former officials within a year and a mass exodus of Christians, despite the presence of U.S.-led coalition forces.
A humanitarian intervention must be expected to have a positive net impact on civilian life over the entire arc of the war, which won't end with Assad's downfall. Former regime forces are likely to regroup in areas of northwestern Syria where minorities predominate, and Iran can resupply them by sea. The reduction of these enclaves, as well as free Kurdish areas that have sprung up amid the fighting, could claim more lives than the fight to bring down the regime, and the civilians most in need of protecting will not be Sunni Arabs.
The dilemma, then, is how to prevent atrocities in Syria today without aiding in the commission of others tomorrow. Most intervention plans under discussion amount to direct or indirect military support for insurgents likely to perpetrate atrocities once the tables have turned. It's impossible to create and defend aid corridors or "safe zones" for refugees without providing rebels with rear bases to resupply and refit, particularly if the international community relies on neighboring Turkey to do the heavy lifting.
A no-fly zone designed to deprive all sides of offensive air power avoids the pitfalls of aiding and abetting combatants, but enforcing one without a UN Security Council mandate will still lead a sizable minority of the population to see the United States as a participant in the war. This could prolong Syria's ordeal by bolstering Assad's anti-imperialist credentials and making it easier for Iranian-backed malcontents to mobilize opposition to the successor regime. Taking part in a sectarian turf war decades in the making could also compromise U.S. credibility in contending with other multiconfessional hot spots, such as Lebanon and Iraq. Few advocates of intervention appear to be thinking this far ahead.
There are no easy solutions to the humanitarian crisis in Syria, least of all the Obama administration's futile pursuit of a multilateral diplomatic initiative to end the war. The best-case scenario of such a settlement (assuming a highly unlikely change of heart by Russia and the acquiescence of Iran) would mean a Lebanon-style interim power-sharing formula, which might cut down on the violence but only at the cost of stunting Syria's political recovery. This is precisely why the rebels will never agree to it.
Absent a workable plan for saving lives or acompelling strategic rationale for intervention, the United States should stay out of the conflict—while using all means short of force to dissuade the participants and their regional backers from committing egregious human-rights abuses. Once the smoke clears, Syria will need a benefactor with clean hands to help it pick up the pieces.
Gary C. Gambill is an associate fellow at the Philadelphia-based Middle East Forum.参考消息网8月16日报道 据美国合众社网站8月13日报道，最近，一些图书馆详细讲述了一些人未能在截止日期前归还书籍的事例，而这些书的归还时间逾期了几十年。
1、45年：《小人驾车和卡丁车》
加利福尼亚森尼韦尔公共图书馆说，罗伯特·索马杜罗夫在1974年借走一本名为《小人驾车和卡丁车》的书，而他最终亲自归还了这本书——在45年后。
索马杜罗夫告诉图书管理员说，他曾打算在自己的年龄达到能够拿到驾照之前，从这本书上学习如何建造自己的汽车。他自愿支付了图书馆逾期不还的最高罚款——10美元。
2、49年：《国际象棋的伟大时刻》
安大略大萨德伯里公共图书馆称，5月，一本名为《国际象棋的伟大时刻》的书被归还至投件箱，并附有一张道歉条，这来自一个名为“拉里”的男子，“拉里”这个名字潦草地写在登记卡片上，登记卡片最后一次盖戳的日期是1970年。
这家图书馆的用户拉里·科里根后来告诉图书管理员说，当他家搬至新斯科舍时，这本书意外地最终来到他手上。他说，他想确保这本书能被归还，因为他已故的父亲塞西尔·科里根是公共图书馆的忠实粉丝。
3、51年：《查尔斯·狄更斯的一生》
密歇根弗林特公共图书馆说，约翰·福斯特的一本《查尔斯·狄更斯的一生》在1968年被借走，并在今年早些时候——也就是在规定日期的51年后——被归还。
4、53年：《家庭诗篇》
新泽西费尔劳恩的纪念中学图书馆说，65岁的前学生哈里·克拉迈最近回到学校来归还《家庭诗篇》一书，他在53年前还是个学生的时候，从学校图书馆借走了这本书。
学校官员说，他们通常对逾期的图书收取每天十美分的滞纳金，但他们决定放弃克拉迈因逾期归还应当缴纳的这笔约2000美元的费用。
5、82年：《白色猫头鹰》
爱尔兰莱特肯尼的多尼戈尔图书馆说，最近，安妮·M·P·史密森的一本名为《白色猫头鹰》的图书在到期82年之后被归还时，图书管理员们惊呆了。
家属们说，他们是在清理一名已故亲属的房子时发现这本书的。爱尔兰在2019年1月取消了公共图书馆的罚款，但官员们估计，这本书的滞纳金原本将达到约1428美元。نقل قول غیرمستقیم در زبان انگلیسی
ما از کلمات خودمان بدون استفاده از علامت گیومه برای نشان دادن نقل قول غیرمستقیم استفاده میکنیم. در این جملات زمان را تغییر میدهیم(نه همه جملات) چون کلمات گفته شده در زمان دیگری نسبت به زمانی که ما آنها را گزارش میکنیم گفته شده اند.
|نقل قول غیر مستقیم||نقل قول مستقیم|
|She told me to follow her. او به من گفت که او را دنبال کنم.||“Follow me,” she told me. “مرا دنبال کن”او به من گفت.|
|She said (that) she was leaving her husband. او گفت(که) شوهرش را ترک میکرده.||“I am leaving my husband,” she said. “من شوهرم را ترک میکنم.” او گفت.|
|He told me to stop humming the national anthem. او به من گفت زمزمه سرود ملی را متوقف کنم.||He said, “Stop humming the national anthem.” او گفت”زمزمه سرود ملی را متوقف کنید”|
جدول فوق زمان گذشته را نشان میدهد که در گفتاورد غیر مستقیم استفاده میشود.در بیشتر موارد زمان استفاده شده در نقل قول غیرمستقیم از زمان فعل گزارشگر تبعیت میکند. همانطور که زمان فعل گزارشگر(گفت) گذشته است پس در نتیجه کلمات استفاده شده در باز گویی غیر مستقیم نیز گذشته هستند.
نکته: ضمیر (او ) در نقل قول غیر مستقیم دچار تغییر نمیشود.Tucidide, Guerre del Peloponneso, V sec a.C
Un testo storico, scientifico, se lo giudicassimo con i parametri di oggi. I dettagli della descrizione anticipano modalità e concetti moderni
Erano nell’Attica solo da pochi giorni, quando il morbo cominciò a manifestarsi per la prima volta tra gli Ateniesi, benché si dicesse che anche prima fosse scoppiato in molti luoghi, nelle vicinanze di Lemno e in altre terre, e non si ricordava che ci fosse stata da nessuna parte né una pestilenza simile (a questa), né una tale strage di uomini. I medici nulla potevano, per fronteggiare questo morbo ignoto, che tentavano di curare per la prima volta, ma morivano più degli altri, in quanto più (degli altri) si avvicinavano (ai malati), né serviva nessun’altra tecnica umana; per quanto si formulassero suppliche nei templi o si ricorresse agli oracoli e a cose del genere, tutto si rivelò inutile, alla fine rinunciarono a questi tentativi, vinti dal morbo funesto.
Dica dunque riguardo a ciò ciascuno a seconda delle sue conoscenze sia il medico sia il profano, da che cosa era probabile che essa fosse sorta, e (dica) quali cause di un simile sconvolgimento ritiene siano capaci di avere una forza (tale da provocare) il cambiamento (dello stato di salute); io invece dirò quale fu e in base a quali sintomi uno, dopo un’attenta osservazione, sarebbe massimamente in grado di riconoscerla sapendone in precedenza qualche cosa, casomai scoppiasse una seconda volta, quei sintomi mostrerò, poiché io stesso ne fui affetto e vidi altri malati.[…] il corpo, a toccarsi esteriormente, non era né troppo caldo né pallido, ma rossastro, livido, fiorito di piccole pustole e ulcere; […] la maggior parte morivano dopo nove o sette giorni per l’ardore interno, ancora in possesso di qualche forza; oppure, se scampavano, con lo scendere della malattia negli intestini, e col prodursi di una forte ulcerazione e il sopraggiungere di una diarrea violenta, i più morivano in seguito, sfiniti per questa ragione.
By Admin
- 13, Set, 2022
- 0 Commentsشرکت کاردینال هلث در سال ۱۹۷۱ با عنوان کاردینال فودز توسط رابرت دی والتر تأسیس شد، در ابتدا عمده فروش مواد غذایی بود. پس از به دست آوردن داروخانه بیلی در سال ۱۹۷۹، داروهای عمده فروشی را به عنوان توزیع کاردینال، نامگذاری نمود. این شرکت در سال ۱۹۸۳ در بورس سهام به بازارهای عمومی رفت و متعاقباً رشتهای طولانی از ادغام را آغاز کرد.
در سال ۱۹۸۸ ، والتر صنایع غذایی کاردینال هلث را به راندیز فروخت. از سال ۱۹۹۱ تا ۱۹۹۶ ، فروش این شرکت از ۱.۲ میلیارد دلار به ۸.۹ میلیارد دلار رسید. در یک مطالعه موردی توسط بخش بازرگانی دانشگاه هاروارد ، مری تاگاردن بخش سلامت کاردینال را اینگونه توصیف می کند: “یکی از معدود شرکت های بزرگ آمریکایی که رشد درآمد در هر سهم را بیش از ۲۰ درصد برای مدت ۱۵ سال مستقیم به دست آورده بود.” این شرکت در سال ۱۹۹۴ نام خود را به کاردینال بهداشت تغییر داد و سومین عمده فروش دارویی در ایالات متحده شد.
در سال ۱۹۹۹ ، یک شرکت تولید کننده و توزیع کننده محصولات پزشکی مستقر در شیکاگو به نام Allegiance Healthcare (که قبلاً یک بخش از Baxter Healthcare) بود را به دست آورد. وفاداری، نوارهای مخصوص جراحی ، دستکش و لباسهای مخصوص را ایجاد کرد و لوازم سفارشی تجهیزات پزشکی (به نام “بسته های استریل سفارشی” و “سیستم های تحویل مبتنی بر روش”) را توزیع کرد.
کری کلارک ، مدیر اجرایی سابق و نایب رئیس آن ، در آوریل ۲۰۰۶ به عنوان رئیس و مدیر عامل منصوب شد و رابرت دی. والتر ریاست هیئت مدیره را حفظ کرد. در سپتامبر ۲۰۰۸ ، این شرکت اعلام کرد کلارک و والتر بازنشسته می شوند و جورج اس. بارت رئیس و مدیرعامل خواهد شد.
کاردینال هلث در سال ۲۰۰۹ فعالیت خود را در یک شرکت مستقل از فناوری پزشکی به نام CareFusion به همراه مدیرش دیوید شلوتربک به عنوان مدیرعامل آغاز نمود. بهداشت کاردینال اکنون با نماد CAH در بورس معامله می شود. این شرکت ۳۷.۳۰۰ نفر را در سراسر جهان استخدام کرده است.
در آوریل ۲۰۰۶ ، Cardinal Health خریداری داروهای ParMed مستقر در آبشار نیاگارا را به مبلغ ۴۰.۱ میلیون دلار خریداری کرد. تمرکز پارمد در فروش دارو به مقادیر کمتری ، توزیع کاردینال بهداشت را به زنجیره های بزرگتر بیمارستان و داروخانه ها تکمیل می کند. در ژوئن ۲۰۰۷ ، این شرکت از اتمام پیشنهاد مناقصه ای برای بهداشت و درمان VIASYS خبر داد.
در ژوئن سال ۲۰۱۰ ، کاردینال بهداشت اعلام کرد قصد دارد با توافق برای خرید ۵۱۷ میلیون دلار هلدینگ راهحل های بهداشتی ، حضور خود در خدمات دارویی ویژه را گسترش دهد. در دسامبر سال ۲۰۱۰ ، این شرکت Kinray ، یکی از آخرین فروشندگان مستقل دارویی در ایالات متحده را خرید و ۴۰ درصد از حضور کاردینال بهداشت در بازار داروسازی مستقل را افزایش داد.
از سال ۲۰۱۰ تا ۲۰۱۴ ، کاردینال بهداشت ۱۸ شرکت از جمله یونگ یو ، توزیع کننده مواد دارویی چینی را خرید .
در مارس ۲۰۱۵ ، کاردینال بهداشت توافق نامه ای را برای به خرید بخش Cordis (پزشکی) جانسون و یک سازنده قلب و عروق و عروق داخلی با قیمت ۱.۹۴ میلیارد دلار امضا کرد. این بزرگترین بازار کوردیس در ایالات متحده است ، این تولید کننده تقریباً ۳۰۰۰ نفر در سراسر جهان را استخدام نموده و ۷۰ درصد از فروش آن بین المللی است.Counterfeit electrical equipment and the hazards it poses to the industry
Some manufacturers resort to selling counterfeit or ‘fake’ electrical products instead of authentic ones to reduce costs incurred by them. The price the end consumer pays for this, however, is much higher. From health hazards to industrial accidents, the risk posed by selling and buying of counterfeit products is endless.
Counterfeit electrical products pose a safety threat to work environments across numerous occupations, as well as anyone that lives or works where these products are installed. These unsafe lookalikes can result in malfunctions that cause serious injuries including electrical shock, electrocution and even death. Counterfeit electrical products are also capable of significant property damage.
Counterfeit electrical products often lack independent testing and may not even meet minimal performance specifications. Many counterfeit products use inferior materials, without regard for any labeled ratings, certification, or customer safety. Instead, counterfeit product manufacturers rely on deception, the Internet, and prices below market level to find their way into our homes, businesses, commercial and industrial facilities.
Counterfeit electrical and electronic products now occupy second place after pharmaceuticals.
From components such as fuses, cables and circuit breakers to household equipment, professional work tools and automotive and aviation spare parts, nothing is safe from counterfeiting.
While the appearance and packaging can be very convincing, the products themselves are often sub-standard and may represent a severe safety hazard, causing accidents and costing lives.
According to a study by the ICCWBO ( International chamber of Commerce), 80% of consumers in developed and developing countries regularly purchase counterfeit products with little awareness or remorse of the consequences.
One fake comp financial liability
When counterfeit electrical devices, components and spare parts enter manufacturing supply chains, they can add fire, shock and explosion risks that may cost workers their lives, cause serious property damage and involve unpredictable financial liability.
Counterfeit electrical products don’t need to comply with performance and safety specifications; they are not tested or approved. Counterfeit aviation parts for example pose a serious risk to the safety of military, civil and commercial aircraft.
Counterfeit products directly impact the economy of the country where they are produced as well as those where they are sold.
Countries that receive counterfeit products: suffer job losses, missed sales opportunities and lost tax revenues in addition to increased social costs linked to death and injuries.
Why consumers buy counterfeit products:
A large majority of consumers recognize that buying counterfeits is unethical but they feel it is essentially a victimless crime and seldom feel guilty about it.
In emerging markets, more than half of counterfeit purchases take place in normal stores and consumers don’t feel that they have a way to protect themselves against pirated products. Furthermore, even if they had the choice, they might often not have the financial means to afford an original.
Let’s stop buying counterfeit products and stand by the ethical rules of trade. When the demand for such products goes down, the supply goes down too.
This is easier said than done, but is the best way to cut down the risks to life and the industry posed by counterfeit products.Environmental Regulation Of “The Love Hormone”: A Comprehensive Overview Of The Literature
Science Trends connects scientists and their research with a global audience.
Join our community of 2,800+ science contributors.
The hormone oxytocin is probably best known for its role in establishing and maintaining (romantic) relationships, and is therefore charmingly termed “the love hormone.” While oxytocin has indeed been associated with feelings of bonding, closeness, sexual arousal, and love, it has become increasingly clear that the impact of oxytocin is far more widespread and complex than originally thought.
Surpassing its catchy label, oxytocin seems to regulate a large variety of human behaviors, ranging from
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ksiyondur:
f(a_{1},a_{2}; \vec{k}). Yukarıdaki sayı sisteminde
f(a_{1},a_{2}; \vec{k}) = \sum_{l}a_{\{1,2\}}\times a_{2}^{\vec{k}-l} olduğu görülebilir. Örneğe geçmeden önce,
a_{2}a_{1} \triangleq 5 sınanabilir. Verilen fonksiyon üzerinden
a_{2}\times a_{2}^{2-1} + a_{1}\times a_{2}^{1-1} = 2\times 2^{1} + 1\times 2^{0} = 5 elde edildiği doğrulanabilir. Aranan sorunun yanıtının bulunması için
N=7 seçilebilir. Bu durumda
a_{1}a_{1}a_{1} \triangleq 7 olacaktır. Görüldüğü üzere en yalın abece ile gösterilen sayıların abecenin genişletilmesi ile ikinci sorunun yanıtını da verdiği söylenebilir:
- Sayı abecesinde kaç adet simge bulunmalıdır?
- Boş olmayan herhangi bir sonlu uzunluklu simge kümesi abece olarak kullanılabilir.
- Simgelerin konumlarının değerlendirilmesi nasıl yapılmalıdır?
- Seçilen simgelerin temsil ettiği değerler ağırlıkları, simgelerin konumları da üstel mertebeleri göstermek üzere toplamsal bir yapı düşünülebilir.
Her ne kadar yukarıdaki sayı sistemi işlevsel olsa da önemli bir sorunu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Üstel mertebe ile seçilen simgelerin temsil ettiği değerler aynı olduğu durumda bir tür belirsizlik oluşur zira
a_{2}\times a_{2}^{\vec{k}-1} = a_{1}\times a_{2}^{\vec{k}} her zaman sağlanır. Bu durumda
f(a_{1},a_{2}; \vec{k}) = \sum_{l}a_{\{1,2\}}\times a_{2}^{\vec{k}-l} yerine, daha önceden yukarıda işlevselliği tartışmalı abecenin yardımıyla
f(a_{1},\emptyset; \vec{k}) = \sum_{l}\{a_{1},\emptyset\}\times a_{2}^{\vec{k}-l} yazılabilir. Bu gösterimin bir öncekinden farkı, sayma sayılarından farklı olarak
\mathbf{N} = \{0,1,2, \cdots\} üzerinden yürütülmesi ve
\emptyset kümesinin Arap rakamlarından sıfır ile temsil edildiğinin varsayılmasıdır.
Tüm bu yukarıdaki tartışmaların ışığında sayıların gösterimi için konumsal fonksiyon kullanıldığında aşağıdaki özelliklerin sağlandığı söylenebilir:
- Gösterimde konum bilgisi çıktıya üstel mertebe olarak yansıtılır.
- Söz konusu konumdaki abece simgesi, üstel mertebenin ağırlığıdır.
- Gösterimin temsil ettiği sayı, tüm üstel mertebelerin ağırlıklandırılmış toplamıdır.
Yukarıdaki özelliklerde üstel mertebe ile kullanılan abecenin öge sayısı arasında da az önceki tartışma kapsamında bir ilişki de kurulabilir. Üstel terimi
r ile göstermek üzere seçilen abece
\mathcal{A}_{r} =\{0,1,2, \cdots, r - 1\} olmak üzere herhangi bir
N \in \mathbf{N} için
a_{l}\in \mathcal{A}_{r} , \forall l iken:
N \triangleq \sum\limits_{l=0}^{L - 1}a_{l}r^{l}
yazılabilir.
Onluk Sayı Sistemi
Tüm yukarıdaki tartışmalar ışığında, onluk sayı sisteminde
r=10 ve
\mathcal{A}_{10} =\{0,1,2, \cdots, 9\} olmak üzere herhangi bir
N \in \mathbf{N} için
a_{l}\in \mathcal{A}_{r} , \forall l iken:
N \triangleq \sum\limits_{l=0}^{L - 1}a_{l}10^{l}
ya da
N = a_{0} + a_{1}\times 10 + a_{2}\times 100 + \cdots + a_{L-1}\times 10^{L-1}
olur.
Örnek:
Onluk sayı sisteminde 1903 sayısı gösterilmek istensin. Açıktır ki
L = 4 olmak üzere:
1903 = 3 + 0\times 10 + 9\times 100 + 1\times 1000
yazılır.
Hatırlatma:
Yukarıda verilen
N \triangleq \sum\limits_{l=0}^{L - 1}a_{l}r^{l}
ifadesi, matematikte sıkça kullanılan ve oldukça önemi bir araç olan kuvvet serisi kavramına atıfta bulunurken, nesnelerin birbirleri ile ilişkisi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda da doğrusal sistemler ve doğrusal cebir uygulamalarında sıkça kullanılan bir yapıdır.加州州长纽森（Gavin Newsom）赞扬圣塔克拉拉县当机立断采取的措施，但纽森表示，在全加州境内，目前还没有禁止大型活动的计划。
为防止这种传染性很强的中共肺炎扩散，湾区许多学校停课，改为远程教学。最新宣布停课的学校，是旧金山教区（Archdiocese of San Francisco）位于旧金山、圣马刁（San Mateo）和马林县（Marin County）的90所天主教学校，所有校区关闭，上课及活动全部取消，改为远程教学。受影响的天主教学校，包括22个幼儿园、55所小学及13所高中。
圣塔克拉拉县10日下午，再有2人被发现感染了中共肺炎，该县染疫总人数达到45人。9日，圣县1名六十多岁的妇女因患中共肺炎死亡，成为加州第2个死亡病例，圣塔克拉拉公共卫生局（Public Health Department）称，该妇女此前患有慢性疾病，因呼吸系统疾患已经住院数星期，她于当天上午在埃尔卡米诺医院（El Camino Hospital）去世。
这位去世的妇女，是加州发现的第3个社区传染病例，即没有疫区旅行史和与已知确诊病人接触史。
圣塔克拉拉10日新发现的病例，如何感染尚未宣布。但该县此前43个确诊病例中，有21人接受住院治疗（10人接受重症护理），所有43个确诊病例中，8人有国际疫区旅行史，14人有过与确诊患者的接触史，另有21人为社区传染所致，即日常生活中发生的人传人导致的。
旧金山10日再发现1个中共肺炎确诊病例，使得旧金山染中共肺炎的总人数达到14人，卫生局说此人是与已知中共肺炎患者接触而感染。据KGO报导，染病者为富国银行（Wells Fargo）员工，居住在555 California St.高层公寓中，该公寓中还有美国银行（Bank of America）、高盛（Goldman Sachs）和微软（Microsoft）的员工居住。
阿拉米达（Alameda）县10日确诊了1个新的中共肺炎病例，该县共有3人确诊。
旧金山湾区共有75名居民感染中共肺炎，此外有15名患者在或者曾在湾区的医院住院治疗。
因发生疫情返航、目前停泊在奥克兰（Oakland）港的至尊公主号（Grand Princess）大型邮轮，船上3,500人依秩序下船并进行隔离检疫，整个工作正在有序进行。州长纽森表示，整个过程，是先让那些需要医疗护理的人先下船，然后再依次轮到加州居民、加州以外的人。乘客们被送往位于费尔菲尔德（Farefield）的特拉维斯空军基地（Travis Air Force Base），以及位于圣地亚哥（San Diego）的海军陆战队Miramar航空站（Marine Corps Air Station Miramar），进行隔离检疫；船员则被安排在船上进行隔离检疫。
3月9日（周一），马林县宣布发现首例中共肺炎确诊病人，圣马刁县公共卫生局宣布，该县中共肺炎患者已达9人。
以下是旧金山湾区各县截稿前确诊人数：
阿拉米达（Alameda）
确诊居民3人
康特拉科斯塔（Contra Costa）
确诊居民9人，另有住址未知的3人在该县医院接受治疗
马林（Marin）
确诊1名居民感染，1名患者地址未知
纳帕（Napa）
曾有2名确诊患者入院治疗，之后转院
圣马刁（San Mateo）
确诊居民1人，8名地址未知的患者在该县医院治疗
圣塔克拉拉（Santa Clara）
确诊居民45人患中共肺炎，其中1人死亡
旧金山县／市
确诊14名居民感染中共肺炎，3名外地患者在旧金山住院治疗
索诺玛（Sonoma County）
2名居民确诊，1名确诊患者居住地未知
加州州长纽森10日下午2时在简报会上表示，加州目前有157人确诊感染了中共肺炎，目前加州18个实验室，做了7,657个中共肺炎病毒测试，并称加州正在快速增加测试能力。但下午2时之后，各地还有新发现的病例宣布。◇
（此文发表于1281C期旧金山湾区新闻版）Date: Wednesday, June 21st, 2017 by Aneesah Atallah Frost.
As the use of technology in industry and the home grows, there has been focussed attention on the potential risks of digital content causing property damage or injury. Do insurers understand the product liability risks – what is digital content, how does it work and how do you identify the cause of problems when they occur? What about the legal liabilities? How does new legislation impact on potential causes of action and are regulators able to keep up with the swift evolution in products and the potential safety of consumers and potential for damage to property? How should insurers respond in terms of policy cover and exclusions?
The pace of change is remarkable. The Internet of Things was coined as a phrase only 17 years ago in 1999 when smart devices were first emerging. The first smart phones appeared in 1999 and contained a single sensor valued at $25 – new models contain numerous sensors costing less than 10p each. By 2020 it is estimated that for every person on the planet there will be forty devices connected to the internet.
The potential benefits for society are clear. Healthcare will be revolutionised by wearable and implantable devices monitoring health metrics and feeding information to healthcare professionals; our lifestyle will be improved immeasurably by smart devices in the home and the potential for smart cities; we are assured driverless cars will ensure motor accidents are a thing of the past. The potential for gathering or harvesting data will provide insurers with opportunities for assessing risk and tailoring their products to a changing commercial and social market.
But what happens when things go wrong? We are told those same smart phones contain hardware originating from 24 primary suppliers from three continents. If products fail, the challenges for identifying issues and pursuing recovery quickly become apparent.
The fatality involving a Tesla vehicle highlighted the potential threats as vehicles evolve towards complete automation. Healthcare apps have been the subject of recalls where calibration has been incorrect while a class action in the US in respect of Fitbits alleges that the information provided is inaccurate. Lawyers in the USA publicise issues with Google Nest Thermostats with the aim of pursuing a lawsuit focusing on defects in the software which are alleged to have caused frozen pipes and property damage.
The UK Government recently put forward the Vehicle Technology and Aviation Bill (formerly known as the Modern Transport Bill) following a consultation to which BLM – working closely with the ABI – contributed. The Bill extends compulsory motor insurance to include automated vehicles in automated mode and creates a new cause of action against the insurer of the autonomous vehicle meaning that victims (including the disengaged driver) can continue to claim against a motor insurer (despite that the owner is not at fault) and will not face having to make a product liability claim against manufacturer. The insurer then has a right of recovery against the manufacturer. (Having said that, the Bill was shelved due to the general election and we shall wait to see whether it re-emerges ‘as was’ in due course).
As the industry evolves, what are the risks and challenges for insurers?
A new field of expertise has emerged. Digital content is quite difficult to define although is nothing new. Experts suggest that the main issue with digital content is when a party may move away from monitoring information to actually controlling devices and environments. This is where the current technology has raised the level of possible failure and impact.
There may be hundreds of reasons why a digital communication/instruction could be unsuccessful. Identifying the root cause of an issue is challenging given the number of chains and links in the chains of communication. Often evidence of any failure has already been deleted. There is a stark difference when dealing with these issues in contrast to evaluating content from data centres. Thus it is impossible to look at a smart phone and confirm why something did not send or, if it did, what route it took.
A communication may reach a home router in a smart domestic device and the router may be full. From a router a communication would go to a network, the Wi-Fi repeater and then to the controller. If this route does not work, it may be caused by human error, perhaps entering the wrong temperature in a smart thermostat controller if the software is not smart enough to notice this and request confirmation.
Wi-Fi is not infallible and depends on coverage. Nothing is 100% reliable and we cannot be certain that a communication message will reach the smart device. Further, the control device may have received an upgrade which may not accept the format which the data arrives in.
In attempting to unravel a particular liability scenario, experts suggest that analysis would need to work backwards from the event, checking each link in the chain in order to track back to the original communication. However, there may be many possible reasons why a failure has occurred – working up the chain from as close to the event as possible is the only logical method although by the time you may reach the phone message, there may be many undefinable links.
Particular networks may carry out work on the hardware but commit little resource to apps. Experts raise concerns as to the extent and level of quality assurance in respect of the apps.
A key issue is the availability and access to data which may assist forensic analysis identifying where a fault may have occurred. Something similar to a black box is required to record what has happened – tech firms rarely build in security and do not keep records, making it difficult to track backwards over the chain of communication. Mobile phone companies store data for 12 months minimum but mobile phones themselves store data for a very short period. If regulators want to push for greater accountability, they will need to pressure manufacturers to ensure adequate storage and audit trails.
What is clear is that there is good reason to front load investigations. Data may only be available for a short period and money spent to secure logs of information is likely to be well spent in certain circumstances. The difference between consumer based and corporate based technology may be a sophisticated system of logs and alerts although experts believe that the line between consumer and corporate security is now blurred. There may be a top end home automation systems which would keep some form of log which could be interrogated for the purpose of fault finding and/or in order for the device to learn and become smarter.
Regulators acknowledge that the area of smart devices and domestic Internet of Things safety is a major challenge. UK trading standards officers have suggested that smart device investigations present a major challenge, and that while there is always some traceable footprint this may only provide potential for investigation for a matter of days or even hours.
In respect of accessing data records, more devices are becoming gateway devices, hosting through cloud and data centres that are hosted globally. From an enforcement perspective, unless data is hosted in the UK, trading standards has no jurisdiction to obtain data and no powers to do so. However it is accepted across the trading standards profession that increased standardisation will be required.
However, UK trading standards officers report that the market is flooded with non-compliant products. A major challenge is funding for public authorities. The busy port of Folkestone has only three full-time officers inspecting incoming cargoes.
While the current government has promised reform to the product recall process, and the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (“CRA”) has introduced new laws in respect of digital content, uncertainty produced by Brexit together with the reduction of funding has only caused increased uncertainty and challenges for regulators in a fast evolving sector cannot be underestimated.
There are potential causes of action in negligence, for breach of contract and under the Consumer Protection Act 1987.
The law relating to digital content (or software) has historically not been well explored. The case law relating to, for example, the applicability of Sale of Goods legislation to digital content, has been tentative and subject to criticism.
It is likely that developers of digital content owe a duty of care in negligence to end users to take reasonable steps to ensure that any content supplied is safe, but a claimant would need to show carelessness and it would be a defence for a creator of digital content to show they took all reasonable steps to ensure that the content was safe, e.g., by testing the content for bugs. Claimants tend to prefer causes of action where a version of ‘strict liability’ applies, i.e., where they need only show that there was something wrong with the digital content and that this caused them damage.
Claimants have sought to argue that digital content is not of satisfactory quality or fit for purpose in breach of the implied terms incorporated into contracts for the supply of goods by traditional Sale of Goods legislation. But, prior to the introduction of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (“CRA”), ‘goods’ and ‘products’ were defined by the courts as tangible, physical and moveable objects. And digital content is not tangible, physical or moveable. Further the courts have also distinguished between digital content provided on a physical medium/as part of a product and ‘standalone’ digital content provided in a purely digital format (i.e. downloaded).
In respect of the latter, the courts have been reluctant to say that there has
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you did, was it negative towards this girl or was it positive? They realized their actions were negative and not nice.
We role played a second time, having the idea in our minds that:
- We have to change the way we do things.
- We have to make sure our actions do not make others feel bad or sad.
This time the role play (practice) allowed the students to internalize HOW to change their behavior so they did not enter into a conflict. The strategies they decided to use where going to be positive towards all.
Yesterday was week 2. Following an exercise that involved practice of eye contact, active listening, respect, empathy, compassion and building trust, the lunch bunch adult asked the student how it went this past week with the other student. We asked the student to use a tablet to tell us what transpired and to attach some creativity by adding emojis to communicate how the strategies he is learning played out in real life. Below you can see his response.
I stood away from her and didn’t talk to her for I won’t get my name on the board and I can get a sticker on the board.
And I didn’t sit next to her at lunch for I won’t get in trouble from the teacher at lunch.😎
So then I stared to not sit or bothered her while we are in lunch or in gym because she gets me in trouble time to time.😄
First, I felt free so she left me alone so I left her alone to.
Next, she left me alone and I did to.
Last, my name was not on the board and I felt proud of my self.😃😀😄😊😜😝😛😈😈😈😈😈😈😈😇😇😇😇😇😇
Nevaeh- was she happy or sad?
None of the above.
Total 35 District Schools
Community Engagement Project: Lunch Bunch
This is a letter that was sent to the school administration team communicating the transformation occurring in specific schools with specific students.FroggyKedi Big'in evcil kurbağası ve en iyi dostudur. İlk olarak Sonic Adventure'da Big ile beraber görünür. Sonic Heroes'da Cheese'i kendine çekebilmek için Metal Sonic onu da kaçırmıştır. Big ile gezmeyi çok sever, onunla balık tutmayı da öyle (Fakat Big balık tutarken uyuya kaldığı için o ya bekler ya da uyur). Yüzmekte çok hoşuna gider. Sonic X'te Chaos nedeniyle kuyruğu çıkmıştır. Oyunlarda kendisinin öz kuyruğu vardır.Hatta Sonic & SEGA All Stars Racing'te Big'in All Star Move'u Dev Froggy'dir ve Big ona kuyruğundan tutunur.L’ipotesi che le incisioni fossero probabilmente anche integrate da coloritura, due furono le modalità tecniche impiegate: la percussione prodotta battendo direttamente o indirettamente sulla superficie con strumenti incisori di pietra (quarzite e selce) o di metallo; il graffito (Vedi esempio nella foto), ottenuto graffiando le superfici con strumenti appuntiti di pietra o di metallo.There are many processes that take place in cells that are essential for life. Two of these, transcription and translation, allow the genetic information stored in DNA to be deciphered into the proteins that form all living things, from bacteria to humans to plants.
Scientists have known for half a century that these two processes are coupled in bacteria, but only now have they finally had a look at the structure that makes this possible. In a paper published in Science today [April 13], biochemists from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Biophysical Chemistry in Germany have revealed the defined architecture of what is called the “expressome.”
The researchers say this work using the model bacteria E. coli could open numerous doors for research into how bacteria impact human health, including a better basic understanding of gene regulation and possible development of new antibiotics.
“The existence of this complex in bacteria has been postulated based on evidence but nobody had ever documented that it exists,” explains Robert Landick, a professor in the Department of Biochemistry at UW–Madison and author on the study. “It’s the first demonstration that you can form one large super-cellular machine out of these two already pretty complicated machines.”
The bacterial expressome. In bacteria, the machine that reads DNA to turn it into a
message and the machine that translates the message into protein are combined
into single complex or "supermachine." In humans and other organisms, these
machines are distinct. That bacteria link them has important implications for
molecular biology, drug development, and more. Image from Landick Lab.
The process of transcription utilizes an enzyme called RNA polymerase to turn DNA into RNA. Following that process, another molecular machine called a ribosome translates the RNA, more specifically called messenger RNA, into proteins the bacteria can use to function.
In the bacterial expressome, the polymerase and ribosome form one complex structure to carry out these two processes in a coupled manner, and this newly solved structure provides a snapshot of this taking place, says Rachel Mooney, a research scientist in Biochemistry and co-author on the paper.
Transcription and translation occur in animals and humans, too, but they are not coupled like they are in bacteria. Rather, they take place in two physically different parts of the cell. If scientists can find a way to disrupt the expressome, they may be able to develop drugs that target bacteria but leave human cells unharmed, the researchers say.
“Any time you find a novel interface in research like this, such as where the polymerase and ribosome come together, that interface becomes a target for drugs,” Landick says. “If you can find something to disrupt that, it can work synergistically with other antibiotics or on its own.”
Landick adds that the finding also extends into studies of the microbiome, the community of microbes in and around the human body. Ongoing research shows how important the microbiome is for human health and understanding gene regulation in these microbial communities is a critical part of these endeavors. The expressome now provides a fundamental building block for this understanding.
“We tend to think about human biology as what goes on in human cells but there’s at least as many bacterial cells as human cells on and in our bodies,” he says. “E. coli may not be really prevalent there, but we use it as a model to extend our research to other bacteria critical to human processes.”
Landick and Mooney teamed up with Rebecca Kohler and Patrick Cramer, a director at MPI. The German team’s equipment helped solve the structure of the expressome, which was assembled using RNA polymerase supplied by the UW–Madison team.
Rachel Mooney, scientist
in the Landick Lab
“It was a great example for how to do an interdisciplinary project,” says Cramer. “Our work explains old observations that both processes – transcription and translation – are coupled in these cells.”
Researchers are also interested in the origin of this complex. Why the processes are coupled in bacteria, but not organisms like humans, is a case study in evolution.
“One perspective on it is to simply appreciate that bacteria are much more evolved than we are,” Landick explains. “It’s counterintuitive but technically they have had many, many more generations than we have. The evolutionary pressures that bacteria face have led to the emergence of this very streamlined and efficient way to take DNA and turn it into proteins.”
For Landick, this work also has an important connection. The famed UW–Madison biochemist Gobind Khorana won a Nobel Prize in 1968 for his work on the molecular basis of gene action and Landick was inspired by his work to pursue a career in biochemistry and molecular biology.
“In our department, Khorana did some really seminal research that defined the genetic code and how the information encoded in DNA is propagated and converted to proteins, a paradigm called the central dogma of molecular biology,” he says. “So did others in the department for years after him. To be performing similar research toward the same goals is very exciting.”
Funding for the research was provided by the National Institutes of Health and European funding agencies.
This story was originally published as a press release on the UW News site. See the original here.- Competitive inhibitors have a similar structure to a substrate, and so compete with that substrate to occupy the active site.
- They will remain temporarily bound to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate molecule from joining with the active site and forming an enzyme-substrate complex.
- HOWEVER, increasing the substrate concentration decreases the effect of the inhibitor. As the substrate concentration increases, the likelihood of the substrates and available active sites colliding and forming enzyme-substrate complexes increases, leaving fewer active sites available for the competitive inhibitor to occupy.
In the graph above, the same rate of reaction is reached, just with a greater substrate concentration. This is because, with competitive inhibitors present…
Identificativo articolo: 2771915 - Visualizza i prodotti a cui si riferisce l’articolo.
In un delegato gestore scenario e, quando il delegato Elimina un messaggio di posta elettronica dalla cassetta postale utilizzando Microsoft Outlook per Macintosh per Office 365 oppure Outlook per Mac 2011, il delegato riceve il seguente messaggio di avviso:
Se il delegato seleziona eliminaredalla finestra di dialogo popup, il messaggio viene eliminato definitivamente dalla cassetta postale del manager, l'elemento non viene trovato nella cartella Posta eliminata del manager.
Questo comportamento si verifica perché il delegato non dispone di accesso in scrittura alla cartella Posta eliminata del manager. Di conseguenza, il delegato non è in grado di spostare i messaggi eliminati nella cartella Posta eliminata del manager.
Per risolvere il problema, concedere l'accesso in scrittura delegato per il gestore posta eliminata cartella. A tale scopo, attenersi alla seguente procedura:
Messaggio di posta elettronica che è stato eliminato definitivamente dalla cassetta postale può essere recoveredfromRecupera posta eliminata, che è possibile accedere tramite OWA o Outlook di Windows.
Identificativo articolo: 2771915 - Ultima modifica: venerdì 31 ottobre 2014 - Revisione: 3.0
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LE INFORMAZIONI CONTENUTE NELLA MICROSOFT KNOWLEDGE BASE SONO FORNITE SENZA GARANZIA DI ALCUN TIPO, IMPLICITA OD ESPLICITA, COMPRESA QUELLA RIGUARDO ALLA COMMERCIALIZZAZIONE E/O COMPATIBILITA' IN IMPIEGHI PARTICOLARI. L'UTENTE SI ASSUME L'INTERA RESPONSABILITA' PER L'UTILIZZO DI QUESTE INFORMAZIONI. IN NESSUN CASO MICROSOFT CORPORATION E I SUOI FORNITORI SI RENDONO RESPONSABILI PER DANNI DIRETTI, INDIRETTI O ACCIDENTALI CHE POSSANO PROVOCARE PERDITA DI DENARO O DI DATI, ANCHE SE MICROSOFT O I SUOI FORNITORI FOSSERO STATI AVVISATI. IL DOCUMENTO PUO' ESSERE COPIATO E DISTRIBUITO ALLE SEGUENTI CONDIZIONI: 1) IL TESTO DEVE ESSERE COPIATO INTEGRALMENTE E TUTTE LE PAGINE DEVONO ESSERE INCLUSE. 2) I PROGRAMMI SE PRESENTI, DEVONO ESSERE COPIATI SENZA MODIFICHE, 3) IL DOCUMENTO DEVE ESSERE DISTRIBUITO INTERAMENTE IN OGNI SUA PARTE. 4) IL DOCUMENTO NON PUO' ESSERE DISTRIBUITO A SCOPO DI LUCRO.
Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone è nato il 6 luglio 1946 a New York City, New York, negli USA. Nella sua lunga carriera ha avuto vari successi come attore, sceneggiatore e regista vincendo anche vari premi Oscar per il film “Rocky”. In particolare i personaggi di Rocky Balboa e John Rambo sono già diventati icone del cinema.
Cinema
Melvin James Kaminsky, questo è il suo nome di nascita, è nato il 28 giugno 1926 a Brooklyn, New York, negli USA. Celeberrimo per i suoi tanti film comici, Mel Brooks è tra i pochi ad aver vinto il cosiddetto EGOT, cioè i premi Emmy, Grammy, Oscar e Tony. Le sue opere continuano a far ridere nuove generazioni di spettatori dopo decenni e i suoi capolavori sono ormai diventati vere e proprie opere di culto.
David Keith Lynch è nato il 20 gennaio 1946 a Missoula, nel Montana, negli USA. È un celebre regista e sceneggiatore che ha alle spalle grandi successi come “The Elephant Man” e “Twin Peaks” e altre produzioni che hanno avuto poco successo ma sono diventate oggetto di culto.
Ci ha lasciati domenica il grandissimo artista David Bowie (foto ©David Shankbone). Da tempo era aveva un cancro ma aveva tenuta nascosta la sua malattia. David Bowie è stato un artista immenso e poliedrico che ha sperimentato e si è reinventato in continuazione. Ci lascia molti album musicali e interpretazioni cinematografiche.
Leigh Douglass Brackett nacque il 7 dicembre 1915 a Los Angeles, in California. È stata un’apprezzata scrittrice e sceneggiatrice per televisione e cinema. Tra le sue storie di fantascienza sono conosciute soprattutto quelle ambientate su Marte e quelle con Eric John Stark come protagonista. Ha lavorato alla sceneggiatura di film come “Il grande sonno”, “Un dollaro d’onore”, “Hatari!”, “Il lungo addio” e “L’Impero colpisce ancora”. Leigh Brackett morì di cancro il 18 marzo 1978.Il controller Xbox One non funziona? Questo è un fastidioso problema che molti proprietari di Xbox devono affrontare. Mentre i controller wireless di oggi sono più convenienti di quelli cablati dei sistemi precedenti, presentano una serie di problemi.
In questa guida alla risoluzione dei problemi, ti mostreremo come riparare il tuo controller Xbox One quando non si connetterà, non si sincronizzerà o addirittura non si accenderà correttamente. Alla fine dovresti giocare di nuovo.
1. Se il controller Xbox One non si connette
Se non riesci a connettere il controller Xbox One alla tua console, dovresti verificare alcuni problemi comuni.
Hai già otto controller collegati alla tua console? Anche se probabilmente non lo usi spesso, il numero massimo di controller supportati da Xbox One è otto.
A questo punto, non è possibile connettere più controller. Tieni premuto il pulsante Xbox su un controller e seleziona Spegni controller nel menu risultante per farlo. Quindi prova a connettere di nuovo il nuovo controller.
Inoltre, ricorda che puoi associare un controller a un solo sistema Xbox One alla volta . Se vai a casa di un amico e accoppi il controller con la sua Xbox, dovrai accoppiarlo di nuovo con il tuo. Ciò vale anche quando si collega il controller Xbox One a un PC e si tenta di riutilizzarlo sulla console.
Nota: vedere la sezione “Il controller Xbox One lampeggia” di seguito per ulteriori informazioni.
2. Se il controller Xbox One continua a disconnettersi
Cosa succede se il controller Xbox si accoppia ma continua a disconnettersi? Questo può rovinare una fantastica sessione di gioco multiplayer ed è estremamente frustrante da affrontare.
Ricorda che è una normale funzione di risparmio della batteria del controller Xbox One per disconnettersi se non lo usi per 15 minuti . Questo non è un problema quando giochi, ma può entrare in gioco se usi principalmente la tua Xbox One come media center. Dovrai spostare una levetta o premere un pulsante ogni tanto, altrimenti dovrai ricollegarlo in seguito premendo il pulsante Xbox .
Tuttavia, se riscontri problemi con la disconnessione, probabilmente accade molto più frequentemente di ogni 15 minuti. In tal caso, puoi provare alcuni passaggi per la risoluzione dei problemi.
È importante confermare che le batterie sono cariche quando si riscontra questo problema. Tocca il pulsante Xbox per tornare al menu Home, quindi cerca l’icona della batteria nell’angolo in alto a destra. Se sono in esaurimento, sostituirli o caricarli se necessario.
Le disconnessioni frequenti possono anche avere la radice in interferenze. Il controller Xbox One ha una portata di circa 19-28 piedi, secondo il supporto Xbox. Prova ad avvicinarti alla tua console .
Dovresti anche rimuovere gli ostacoli tra il controller e la console, come laptop, scaffalature metalliche e simili. Se la tua Xbox è all’interno di un centro di intrattenimento, prova a spostarla all’esterno dell’unità per ottenere una connessione migliore.
3. Se il controller Xbox One lampeggia
Se si preme il pulsante Xbox sul controller e lampeggia o lampeggia, questo di solito indica che il controller non è associato a una console . Come accennato in precedenza, ciò può accadere quando si accoppia il controller a un altro sistema. Ma può anche verificarsi a causa di problemi tecnici.
Segui la nostra guida che mostra come sincronizzare un controller Xbox One sulla tua console per connetterti di nuovo.
Se il controller non si accoppia utilizzando i pulsanti, provare a utilizzare un cavo micro-USB per accoppiarlo. Basta collegare il cavo a una porta USB della console e collegare l’altra estremità al controller, quindi tenere premuto il pulsante Xbox sul controller per alcuni secondi.
Se il problema persiste, è necessario riavviare la console. Tieni premuto il pulsante di accensione sulla parte anteriore del sistema per 10 secondi per spegnerlo completamente. Quindi premerlo di nuovo per riaccenderlo.
4. Se oggi il controller Xbox One non si accende
Il tuo controller Xbox non si accende? Questo è un altro problema comune, con soluzioni simili a quanto sopra.
Se il controller Xbox One non si accende, per prima cosa assicurati che le batterie non siano scariche . Se le batterie
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émorragiques en Mauritanie. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1985;78:164–9.
- Niklasson B, Peters CJ, Grandiem M, Wood O. Detection of human immunoglobulin G and M antibodies to Rift Valley fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol. 1984;19:225–9.
- Drosten C, Gottig S, Schilling S, Asper M, Panning M, Schmitz H, Rapid detection and quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:2323–30.
- Saluzzo JF, Digoutte JP, Camicas JL, Chauvancy G. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Rift Valley fever in south-eastern Mauritania. Lancet. 1985;1:116.
- Gonzalez JP, LeGuenno B, Guillaud M, Wilson ML. A fatal case of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Mauritania: virological and serological evidence suggesting epidemic transmission. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1990;84:573–6.
- Wilson ML, Gonzalez JP, Cornet JP, Camicas JL. Transmission of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus from experimentally infected sheep to Hyalomma truncatum ticks. Res Virol. 1991;142:395–404.
- Suleiman MN, Muscat-Baron JM, Harries JR, Satti AG, Platt GS, Bowen ET, Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Dubai. An outbreak at the Rashid Hospital. Lancet. 1980;2:939–41.
- Van Eeden PJ, Joubert JR, van de Wal BW, King JB, de Kock A, Groenewald JH. A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever at Tygerberg Hospital. Part I. Clinical features. S Afr Med J. 1985;68:711–7.
- Fisher-Hoch SP, Khan JA, Rehman S, Mirza S, Khurshid M, McCormick JB. Crimean Congo-haemorrhagic fever treated with oral ribavirin. Lancet. 1995;346:472–5.
- Al-Tikriti SK, Al-Ani F, Jurji FJ, Tantawi H, Al-Moslih M, Al-Janabi N, Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Iraq. Bull World Health Organ. 1981;59:85–90.
- Simpson DI. Viral hemorrhagic fevers in man. Bull World Health Organ. 1979;57:19–32.
- Gonzalez JP, Wilson ML, Cornet JP, Camicas JL. Host-passage-induced phenotypic changes in Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. Res Virol. 1995;146:131–40.
- Burt FJ, Leman PA, Abbott JC, Swanepoel R. Serodiagnosis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever. Epidemiol Infect. 1994;113:551–62.
- Shepherd AJ, Swanepoel R, Leman PA. Antibody response in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11(Suppl 4):S801–6.
Suggested citation for this article: Nabeth P, Cheikh DO, Lo B, Faye O, Vall IOM, Niang M, et al. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Mauritania. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2004 Dec [date cited]. Available from http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/12/04-0535
- Page created: June 16, 2011
- Page last updated: June 16, 2011
- Page last reviewed: June 16, 2011
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)
Office of the Director (OD)It might be his technique of escaping actuality. The limitations between the earlier and the present are withdrawn in his dreams, where his illusions become real. However that the family is in serious financial condition and, in the end, Willy decides to commit committing suicide by generating and crashing himself to death to ensure that his insurance money could possibly be used to set up a business to get his oldest son, Biff. He likewise intends to prove to Biff during his funeral that he is well-liked by people. Willy, in comparison to David Proctor in Miller’s past fiction, will not attain the status of the tragic leading man because he does not come to full self-realization as does Ruben Proctor. The play does not become a pure tragedy and Willy can be considered an anti-hero, instead in that he fails to develop the nobility and magnanimity in traditional and tragic characters. He declines short of the self-realization or perhaps self-knowledge in the typical tragic hero. His decision to commit suicide represents only a partial breakthrough of the truth. He fails to realize and confront his personal failure and to grasp a real, personal knowledge of himself as an every man. Instead, he offers in to the force of a anxious mind and a distorted vision of a materialistic future for his friends and family, especially Biff by eliminating himself (Miller, Wikipedia).
In comparison with Willy, his kid Bliff looks for the truth about himself and acknowledges his failure rather than refuses it (Miller 1949, Wikipedia 2006). His father and brother Completely happy are of a kind in refusing to take the miseries of their respective lives and deceive themselves. Biff likewise loses esteem for his father if he discovers his unfaithfulness. Willy covers up for these by regarding Biff because an under-achiever. Biff is determined to break the stream of lies around and afflicting their family to come to terms with his individual life. He endeavors to confront his father’s illusion and discharge himself by it and into liberty. His father’s blind infatuation over his materialistic interpretation of the American dream has created that obstacle for Biff. He goes through an id crisis, when he understands the need to reveal the imagination and pain of Willy’s disillusionment above himself, his true failures. Biff recognizes that this is a only way to go through the problems and establish his own and individual identity via his daddy and his distorted dream. Biff, rather than Willy, achieves that nobility and magnanimity needed of classic tragic heroes and thus meets your criteria as one (Miller, Wikipedia).
1 . Callier, Arthur. The Crucible (1053). Paperback. Penguin Classics, the year 2003
2 . -. Death of the Salesman (1949). Paperback. Barnes and Noble, Jan 98
3. Wikipedia. Arthur Miller. Media Wiki, 2006. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Miller
4. ____. Death of any Saleman. Media Wiki, 2006. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_a_Salesman
five. -. The Crucible. Press Wikie toplam tabu seslendirme daha Sonra atom numarası 3 Lisans kelimelerini daha fazla pronto dilleri amcık sicim kapalı ne zaman ki bir garip hakaret veya ceza vadede zararlı yaşamak istemedim belirli üzerinde graffito kullanmak durumunda güçlü yeterliliği o kadar kötüydü ki haksızlık eşcinsel oyuncak çocuklar olmuştu bu uç için hala undemonstrative onun yüzü oldu - kötülük ağır hakaret Kapağı kasten üstün genel olarak Bracks ve yanlışlıkla rahatsız kadınlara hakaret olarak vajina eş anlamlısı istihdam geçmiş tabii ki kadınlar için Değil, zararlı erkek kişi politikacı Bracks için
Bu serve typewrite, panele, eşcinsel oyuncak erkeklerin güçlü yanlarını, sahip olduğunuz ifadeye karşı olarak kanıtlayabileceğinizi gösterir. Herkes, aktif, hevesli, özverili veya güvenilir olduklarını söyleyebilir, sadece bu güçlü yanları aldığınızı kanıtlamak farklı bir sayıdır. Güçlü yüksek puanları verim almak için güçlü olmak, göstermek için.Within the past decade-and-a-half, a new threat to teenage health has developed: vaping. While many parents began their journeys with the threat of cigarettes, drugs, and alcohol looming large in the future, few probably anticipated that their teenage sons and daughters would be using battery packs to puff clouds of fruit-colored smoke; it’s almost dystopian.
Even though the product has only been available on the market for fifteen years or so, and there are restrictions in place that restrict marketing to teenagers, young adults have nonetheless fallen victim to vapes. Sadly, this undoes a lot of the work done in recent years to decrease teen nicotine dependence.
To make sure you and your teen both know the full risks of vaping, here’s a comprehensive article detailing what vaping is, what we know (and don’t know), and why it’s a massive risk to your teen’s health.
Vaping: What is It?
The term “vape” is pretty all-encompassing. You may have heard words like juul, mod, rig, or pen, thrown around. They might differ in appearance, but they’re ultimately all “vapes.” Some are easier to conceal then others, and some are more expensive and have a wider array of options in terms of nicotine content and longevity, but for our intents and purposes, they’re all ultimately the same in terms of the risks they prevent to your teen.
All these different devices are battery-powered. Using the battery, they heat capsules of liquid into a vapor that the user breathes in. This liquid is usually a mix of nicotine, flavoring, and various other chemicals that are believed to be harmful. Vapes were originally meant to be cessation aids to quit smoking (users can dial down nicotine content gradually, theoretically helping them reach 0), but they are not recognized by any major health organization as a legitimate way to quit smoking. Vapes are still seriously addictive, and sometimes the liquids contain harmful chemicals linked to lung disease and toxic metals like nickel and lead, according to the US Surgeon General.
Vaping is No Joke
Contrary to popular belief, there’s no proof that vaping is less harmful than traditional cigarettes. With vaping being such a new addition to the tobacco market, researchers still don’t know all the long-term harms that e-cigarettes and vapes present to users. The bottom line is that vaping is still a form of tobacco, so it’s harmless no matter what. The possibility of dangerous metals and other unknown substances is only an added risk.
And unfortunately, use of vapes by teenagers and adolescents is on the rise. According to a 2018 study from Monitoring the Future, an annual survey on drug and alcohol use in teenagers, vaping is actually increasing nicotine addiction in teens, not decreasing it. The increase in teenage vaping from 2017 to 2018 was the most dramatic increase of any addictive substance in the organization’s history.
How to Stop Teen Vaping
If you think your teenage son or daughter is vaping, it’s important to deal with it in the correct way. Even if you’re scared for your teen’s health or angry at their behavior, you need to stay calm. Being overly confrontational or too harsh will actually make it harder to get your teen to stop vaping. They might rebel against you by vaping more. Or, if your teen has become addicted, your anger will close off any opportunity for you to help them. They won’t feel safe coming to you for advice on how to stop. Instead, there are plenty of positive parenting solutions you can use to talk to your teen and help them stop vaping.
One important thing to consider is that most teens are only vaping in order to experiment. Teenagers don’t see vaping as a super serious issue, and might only engage in it a few times. If you catch your teen vaping, be honest with them. Let them know you’re concerned about their health, and ask how long they’ve been doing it. As much as you can, try to show your teen that you aren’t trying to punish them, but help their long-term health.
Have them do some of their own research as to the negative side effects of vaping, and have them report back to you. There’s a big chance your teen doesn’t understand just how bad vaping is and has succumbed to the myth that it “isn’t that bad.” Teens don’t always respond well to long lectures by their parents, so try to get them to learn about vaping on their own. If they discover how harmful it is by themself, they’ll be more likely to stop!
Andy Earle is a researcher who studies parent-teen communication and adolescent risk behaviors. He is the co-founder of talkingtoteens.com, ghostwriter at WriteItGreat.com, and host of the Talking to Teens podcast, a free weekly talk show for parents of teenagers.当期目录
2022年 第40卷 第6期
基于地震和钻井资料,利用层序地层学及源—渠—汇分析技术,探讨了惠州25转换带文五段早期低位体系域发育背景及源—渠—汇沉积充填模式,并对勘探潜力进行分析。结果表明：1）惠州25转换带文五段具有三级层序属性,依据初始湖泛面和最大湖泛面特征,将文五段进一步划分出低位体系域和湖侵体系域；2）综合分析文五段早期低位体系域沉积的源—渠—汇耦合关系,将低位体系域划分为惠州5-4沉积区、惠州5-7A沉积区和惠州5-7B沉积区：惠州5-4沉积区低位体系域规模最大,以文六段滩坝相砂体和辫状河三角洲前缘亚相砂体为母岩,经3号沟谷搬运入湖形成辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,具有高成分成熟度和结构成熟度特征；惠州5-7A沉积区低位体系域规模最小,以文六段辫状河三角洲前缘亚相砂体提供母岩,搬运入湖形成辫状河三角洲前缘沉积；惠州5-7B沉积区低位体系域规模中等,以文六段辫状河三角洲平原、前缘亚相砂体和惠西低凸起西段花岗岩母岩混合物源供源,分别经2号和1号沟谷搬运入湖形成辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,其成分成熟度和结构成熟度低于惠州5-7A区和惠州5-4区；3）惠州5-4沉积区低位体系域砂体规模大、储层优、盖层封堵条件优越,且相对于惠州5-7区低位体系域砂体具有旁生侧储、近源成藏优势,是下一步寻求隐蔽油藏有利勘探目标。
源—汇系统分析下的古地势重建是当前沉积学领域的一个热点方向。古地势重建对于理解区域构造演化、气候变化、地表风化、物源供给及其相互关系具有重要作用。BQART沉积通量模型提供了入海流域中沉积通量与地质背景B、水流量Q、流域面积A、最大地势高度R、年均温度T之间的经验关系,逐渐发展为深时尺度下古流域地势重建的重要工具。本文在综合层序—古地理、旋回地层学、古水文比例关系和古地貌比例关系等方法的基础上,提出基于定量古地理的BQART模型深时古地势重建方法,结合沉积体积回填法可进一步获得构造抬升幅度与速率。通过该方法获得峨眉山大火成岩省内带古地势在晚二叠世期间持续缓慢上升,至晚二叠世末达200余米,累计构造抬升幅度约500~750 m。该深时古地势方法适用于气候温暖湿润、构造相对稳定条件下的中大型外流盆地,对能源盆地的勘探开发具有重要意义。
断陷湖盆缓坡带的构造掀斜作用对其地层叠置样式和沉积体系展布具有重要的控制作用。通过基于“源—汇”系统理论的地层正演模拟研究方法,在三级层序地层格架下（以2 Myr为总时长）对断陷盆地缓坡带构造掀斜型层序地层发育样式及其相关地貌演化、沉积物通量变化进行了定量表征。以恒定的绝对湖平面为研究前提,共建立了高/低沉积物供给的背景下4种不同的地层正演模型。两种不同缓坡带掀斜初始位移模型的设定反映了掀斜点和沉积滨线的相对位置,以便于不同掀斜层序样式对比分析。研究表明,掀斜支点位于滨线之上的模型常形成湖侵和正常湖退,而掀斜支点位于滨线之下的模型常形成强制湖退。滨线迁移轨迹和层序叠置样式的不一致性贯穿整个层序发育过程,是沉积物通量及滨线迁移共同作用的结果。该模型中沉积物通量的变化直接响应于源区地貌演变,滨线迁移则受控于新增可容空间和沉积物供给的相互关系。这一系列构造掀斜型层序模型及其相关成因解释对断陷盆地层序地层格架及其叠置样式的精细解剖具有重要的指导意义。该模拟研究对断陷湖盆的高频湖平面变化特征也有较为合理的解释（如海洋同位素3期以来的贝加尔湖）。然而本次正演模拟所设置的初始地貌较为单一,在相同构造、气候条件下和不同沉积物供给背景下所形成地层模型无法涵盖所有缓坡带层序地层类型。由此可见,基于“源—汇”系统思想探讨断陷盆地层序地层多样性的相关模拟工作仍然任重道远。
源—汇系统分析已成为沉积学领域
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بر اساس مصوبه شورای انقلاب در بهمن ماه سال ۱۳۵۸، سازمان میادین میوه و تره بار و فرآورده های کشاورزی زیرنظر شهرداری تهران تشکیل شد که هدف از آن تهیه و توزیع میوه و تره بار و فرآورده های کشاورزی مورد استفاده شهروندان و همچنین کوتاه کردن دست واسطه ها از طریق ایجاد ارتباط مستقیم بین تولیدکنندگان و مصرف کنندگان بود.
میدان تره بار جلال آل احمد در سال ۱۳۵۸ اولین میدانی بود که در تهران احداث شد و همچنین در سال ۱۳۵۹ میدان های صادقیه و آزادی و در سال ۱۳۶۰ میدان پیروزی راه اندازی شد اما موتور توسعه این میادین قریب به هفت سال خاموش شد و در ادامه سال ۱۳۶۷ و ۱۳۶۸ بازارهای مجیدیه و پونک و در سال ۱۳۶۹ میدان های لواسانی و تهرانسر افتتاح شد.
استقبال شدید شهروندان از این میادین و بازارها ضرورت احداث میدان های بیشتر را در سطح شهر تهران بیش از پیش نمایان کرد تا آنجا که مقرر شد سازمان میادین میوه و تره بار و فرآورده های کشاورزی بر اساس یک لایحه قانونی دایر و در آن لایحه، نحوه واگذاری اماکن و میادین و غرفه ها تعیین شود.
تصویب این لایحه و تعیین ضوابط انجام کار سبب شد تا تعداد میادین و بازارها که در سال ۱۳۷۰ فقط هفت واحد بود، در مدت سه سال تا پایان سال ۱۳۷۳ به ۴۴ واحد فعال افزایش یابد که در واقع توسعه کمی و کیفی بازارهای محلی در راستای سیاستهای مبارزه با گران فروشی در برنامه های شهرداری تهران قرار گرفت.
اما اکنون تهران دارای ۲۲ میدان و ۲۴۱ بازار و بازار محله ای در مجموع ۲۶۳ واحد فعال است که خواسته و مطالبات شهروندان دایر شدن این بازارها در محلات است چرا که اختلاف قیمت کالاها در این بازارها با سطح شهر حدود ۴۰ درصد است.
بازارهای میادین به محلات می رسد
مدیرعامل سازمان مدیریت میادین میوه و تره بار شهرداری تهران در این باره به خبرنگار ایرنا می گوید: توسعه بازارهای میوه و تره بار در مناطق کم برخوردار به ویژه در محلات جنوبی پایتخت مورد تاکید است و در این دوره از مدیریت تلاش داریم بازارهای متعددی در محلات شهر تهران ایجاد کنیم.
ایوب فصاحت افزود: امسال تاکنون ۱۱ بازار جدید در مناطق و محلات تهران راه اندازی شده و برنامه داریم تا پایان امسال نیز سه بازار جدید دیگر راه اندازی کنیم.
وی تاکید کرد: این سازمان با اجرای طرح «هر محله یک بازار» تلاش میکند تا با ساخت و راهاندازی بازارهای میوه و تره بار در محلات مختلف پایتخت، ترددهای درونشهری شهروندان را به خصوص برای تهیه ارزاق و مایحتاج روزانه خود کاهش دهد.
فصاحت با بیان اینکه فعالیت میادین میوه و تره بار از اهمیت و ضرورت روز افزونی در زندگی شهری و معیشت شهروندان برخوردار است، افزود: میادین میوه و تره بار و خدمات آنها، علاوه بر اثرات مثبتی که بر اقتصاد شهری و سبد خرید خانوادهها دارد، دارای تأثیرات محیط زیستی بوده و در تعدیل آلایندههای هوا از طریق کاهش سفرهایی که با قصد خرید انجام میشوند نیز مؤثر است.
وی با بیان اینکه قیمت محصولاتی که در میادین میوه و تره بار عرضه میشود، بین ۳۰ تا ۴۰ درصد نسبت به میانگین قیمت محصولات مشابه در سطح شهر اختلاف دارد، گفت: علاوه بر آن، این سازمان به منظور حمایت از شهروندان، تمام توان و امکانات خود را برای کمک به دستگاههای دولتی به منظور توزیع مستقیم کالاهای تنظیم بازار بین مردم به کار گرفته است.
مدیرعامل سازمان مدیریت میادین میوه و تره بار شهرداری تهران، نرخگذاری منطقی انواع محصولات متناسب با شرایط عرضه و تقاضا، به نحوی که مصرفکنندگان امکان خرید محصولات مورد نیاز خود را با قیمتهای به مراتب پایینتر از سطح شهر داشته باشند، مورد تأکید قرار داد.
وی با اشاره به افزایش مراجعه شهروندان در روزهای پایانی سال بکارگیری مجموعه ظرفیت میادین میوه و تره بار برای توزیع انواع محصولات تنظیم بازار از جمله گوشت قرمز، گوشت مرغ و تخم مرغ برای عرضه مستقیم این محصولات بین متقاضیان را مورد تأکید قرار داد.
فصاحت از نظارت جدی بر فعالیت مناسب میادین به شهروندان تاکید کرد و گفت: قطعا در این دوره از مدیریت نظارت جدی و مستمری بر تمامی میادین خواهیم داشت و تلاش داریم کیفیت خدمات به شهروندان افزایش داشته باشد.
پایتخت ۷۵ میدان میوه و تره بار کم دارد
همچنین رییس کمیته عمران شورای اسلامی شهر تهران با بیان اینکه هم اکنون پایتخت ۷۵ میدان میوه و تره بار کم دارد گفت: توسعه میادین میوه و تره بار در محلات جنوبی تهران آغاز و به جهت رفاه شهروندان این بازارها باید در محلات مختلف تهران راه اندازی شود.
انتهای پیام؛在中国内地，人们对于环保纸制品并不陌生。它是利用回收的废纸，经过适当的处理之后重新又抄成的纸张。早在一千多年以前，我国宋代就有了所谓的「还魂纸」。用今天的话来说，还魂纸就是再生纸。
利用废纸造纸的好处甚多。据推算，每回用一吨废纸并重新抄纸，可节省纤维原料约500公斤；烧碱150公斤，节电360度；省煤350公斤；减少用水120多吨。此外，尤为重要的是充分利用资源，保护生态环境，给造纸企业带来效益。因此，废纸已经成为造纸工业的原料来源之一，日益受到人们的关注。
废纸的纤维不废，纸张组成的纤维本身说来，经过印刷或书写的纸，只是某些炭黑（或其他颜料）粒子和胶黏剂的粒子附贴在纸纤维表层，如果设法把这些粒子洗刷掉，就好像洗脏衣服那样。Kulübün resmi internet sitesine yaptığı açıklamada Guardiola\'nın kalması gerektiğini belirten Iniesta, \"Umarım sözleşmesini yeniler ve uzun yıllar bizimle kalır. Sadece ben değil, takımdaki herkes bunu istiyor. Hala beraber yapacak çok işimiz var.\" şeklinde konuştu.
Ayrıca 5-1 kazandıkları Valencia maçını da değerlendiren İspanyol oyuncu, \"Üç kupayı da kazanmak için her zaman bu şekilde oynamamız lazım. Kalan tüm maçları kazanıp, Real Madrid\'in puan kaybetmesini bekleyeceğiz.\" dedi.
La Liga\'da 51 puanla ikinci sırada yer alan Barcelona, lider Real Madrid\'in 10 puan gerisinde bulunuyor.فرمانده نیروی انتظامی جمهوری اسلامی ایران با اشاره به برنامه ریزی صورت گرفته از سوی ناجا برای تامین امنیت انتخابات ۱۴۰۰ گفت: بر اساس پیش بینی ها هیچ مشکلی در مساله امنیت برگزاری انتخابات نخواهیم داشت.
به گزارش ایرنا، سردار حسین اشتری روز پنجشنبه در جریان سفر به شهر مقدس قم و دیدار با شماری از علما و مراجع در گفت و گو با خبرنگاران اظهار داشت: طرح نوروزی نیروی انتظامی از ۲۵ اسفندماه سال ۹۹ در سراسر کشور آغاز شده و تا نیمه فروردین ماه جاری نیز ادامه پیدا خواهد کرد.
وی با بیان اینکه در این طرح بیش از ۲۷۰ هزار نیروی پلیس آماده خدمت رسانی به مردم هستند خاطرنشان کرد: طرح فوق را با شعار امنیت، سلامت، نشاط بهاری شروع کردیم و تا پایان تعطیلات نیز در خدمت مردم خواهیم بود.
وی با بیان اینکه بعد از طرح نوروزی برای برگزاری یک انتخابات پرشور آماده می شویم یادآور شد: تامین امنیت قبل، حین و بعد از انتخابات با نیروی انتظامی است.
فرمانده ناجا تصریح کرد: با برنامه ریزیهایی که از ماههای گذشته انجام دادیم وظیفه خود را انجام می دهیم و امیدواریم که انتخابات پرشور و توام با سلامت و امنیت کامل داشته باشیم.
اشتری در پایان تاکید کرد: پیش بینی ما این است که هیچ مشکلی در برگزاری انتخابات و تامین امنیت آن نداشته باشیم.
سیزدهمین دوره انتخابات ریاست جمهوری به همراه ششمین دوره انتخابات شوراهای اسلامی شهر و روستا و دومین میاندوره پنجمین دوره انتخابات مجلس خبرگان رهبری، بیست و هشتم خردادماه امسال برگزار خواهد شد.又是一部费尔南多的超现实主义的电影,比《死亡万岁》晚了三年，完成与1973年。也可能正因为这三年，导演的思想以及艺术手法更加成熟。这个电影中导演抛弃了政治上的想法，迈向了更加广阔的自然与现代，文明与原始冲突的【采集参数配置，伪原创功能】题，母与子之间性冲突也不单如《死亡万岁》中儿子对母亲的性 萌动。 情节依然有一条主线，一个男子杀了自己的母亲，开车来到了沙漠，遇到了一个侏儒，然后产生了感情，把侏儒带回了文明社会，一起分享他的财产，同时警察所代表的国家机器又在追捕这个男子。全片中所蕴涵的冲突有许多，最明显的是，文明与原始，自然...
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小编推荐了以下有声音小说 · · · · · ·《第一头牛》这部没获得奥斯卡提名的影片，我觉得很好看。
虽然和《无依之地》（全片108分钟）一样都给人感觉节奏慢得要死，但在观看《第一头牛》的122分钟过程里，我一次快进也没按过——影片一开始，一艘轮船一点不着急地横渡屏幕，我已经告诉自己这是一部漫长的电影，但是等我想起偷瞄一下进度条，则开始担心结束来得太快了。
#电影
一个畅所欲言的网上咖啡馆，欢迎在这里交流，就像在现实中的咖啡馆里那样。Fenerbahçe, Süper Lig'in 42. ve son haftasında yarın Hes Kablo Kayserispor ile yapacağı karşılaşma için Kayseri'ye geldi.
Fenerbahçe kafilesi yarınki karşılaşma öncesi uçakla Kayseri Havalimanı'na ulaştı.
Sarı-lacivertli takım, havalimanı çıkışında bekleyen otobüsle konaklayacağı otele geçti.
Hes Kablo Kayserispor-Fenerbahçe maçı, Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kadir Has Stadı'nda yarın saat 20.30'da başlayacak.Ne ‘Sevimli Küçük Yalancılar’ Yıldız Shay Mitchell Aslında bir günde Yiyor
Bazı ünlüler hazır ambalajlı, diyetisyen tarafından onaylanmış, makrobiyotik yemeklerle seyahat ediyor ya da gittikleri her yere oda servisine güveniyorlar, ancak bu Shay Mitchell’in stili değil. Ne zaman Küçük sevimli yalancılar Star, New York’a bu hafta Stella Artois ile birlikte “Yaza Bon Voyage” partisine ev sahipliği yaptı, ilk araştırmasını yaptı ve her zorunlu denemeyi kepçe listesinden çıkarmayı başardı..
Özgürlük Anıtı (Side note: What is life ?!) ‘den yelken açarken bira şarabı shandies yudumlarken, Mitchell kendi yiyecek takıntılarından bahsetmek için ondan bir görev aldı. Annesi onu Kanada’dan getirecek.
Kahvaltıda Öğle Yemeği Yapacak, Teşekkürler.
Sabah ilk şey, Mitchell şehirdeki en sevdiği kafesi Russ & Daughters’a, havyar krem peynirli bir simit ve bir kase matzo top çorbasına çarptı..
“Kahvaltıda öğle yemeği yiyorum” diyor.
Pizza Hakkında Ciddi.
Öğle yemeği için, nolita’daki Rubirosa Pizzeria’da kefen olmayan listesinde başka bir yerden sipariş verdi. Çünkü New York’u bir dilim ya da bir turta kapmadan ziyaret edemezsin. Mitchell, “Bu vodka sosu harika, domates sosu yerine vodka sosu kullanacaklar,” diyor. “Bu gerçekdışı.”
Aynı zamanda kendi pizzasını da yapar – yemek pişirmek için arkadaşlarının arasında ünlü olan reçetedir (ki bu da kendi marinaralarını sıfırdan yapar). Toplama söz konusu olduğunda, o ayrımcılık yapmaz: “Daha fazla yükleyebilirim, o kadar iyi” diyor, muz biberleri mutlak bir zorunluluk olsa da.
Akşam yemeği “her şey” biraz.
Şehrin etrafında koşarak geçen günün ardından Mitchell, hiçbir menü öğesinin sınırsız olduğu Bay Chow’a doğru yol aldı. “Ben her şeyim vardı” diye gülüyor. “Yeşil karidesler, Bay Chow Noodles, Tavuk Satay.”
En İyi Karayip Yemekleri Bulunabilir … Kanada.
Büyük Beyaz Kuzey’den özlediği yiyecekler olup olmadığı sorulduğunda Mitchell’in gözleri genişler. “Aman Tanrım, evet” diye bağırıyor. “Toronto’da Ada Yemekleri denilen Batı Hint mutfağını sunan bu yer var ve Los Angeles’ta böyle bir şey bulamıyorum.”
Aile tarafından işletilen restoran, 1974’ten beri, Mitchell’in 28 yaşından önce 14 yıldan daha uzun bir süre önce doğmuş ve roti’si ile bilinir: havuç, lahana, karnabahar, patates, yeşil biber ve et seçiminizi içeren bir köri yahnisi , hepsi tortilla-esque dahlpouri ekmeğine sarılı.
Özlediği diğer yiyecekler biraz daha klasik Kanadalı. “All-Dressed Chips’i seviyorum. … ABD’ye geldiklerini duydum, bundan dolayı heyecanlıyım” diyor. “Ve akçaağaç şurubu. Annem her zaman benim için getiriyor.”
Biraz Temel Olabilir (Hepimiz gibi).
Yaz son çare olarak hizmet etmek için bir partiye ev sahipliği etmesine rağmen, Mitchell daha soğuk havalarda çok sersemlemişti – özellikle de birkaç mevsim ikramının geri dönüşü anlamına geliyor. (Ve son birkaç saniyede 64 demek istiyoruz.)
“Ben balkabağı turtasını severim, akçaağaç severim, Kabak Spice Lattes’i seviyorum” diyor. “Güzüm benim en sevdiğim mevsim, bu yüzden onu seviyorum. Çok heyecanlıyım. Bugün, ilk gün, en azından New York’ta düşebiliyormuş gibi hissettiriyor. Havadaki bu küçük gevreklik var.”
‘Sevimli Küçük Yalancılar’ Çevresinde En Çılgın Atıştırmalıklara Sahiptir.
Tue, sanki rüzgar heryerde saçlarını uçuruyor. Onun imzası olan gevşek dalgaları var – karakterinin resmi olmayan varsayılan saç modeli, Emily Fields, onu ünlü yapan ABC Ailesi geriliminde. Bu doğal olarak bizi hayrete düşürüyor: Saçları böyle elde etmek için sır nedir? Ama ayrıca, daha da önemlisi: Sette yer alan yiyecekler neler??
“Her çeşit aperatifimiz var. Şekerden cipslere, öğle yemeğinden sonra tam cheesecake’e kadar her şey” diyor. “Bizim zanaat ekibimiz çok harika ve onlar da sağlıklı atıştırmalıklara sahip. Aperatiflerimizin çoğu, fıstık ezmesi veya ahtapotlu sebzeler, ya da humuslu sebzeler.
Sürekli olarak tatlı bir şekilde yığılmış bir büfe masasının ne kadar cazibesine karşı koyacağımızdan emin değiliz; ancak tüm gün kamerada çekim yapmak ve iyi görünmek için bir şey olduğunu tahmin ediyoruz. Ancak, Herculean iradesi onun en iyi bildiği yiyecek tuhaflığı değildir; Bu acı soslu onun takıntısı.
“Bunu her şeye koyuyorum” diyor. “Genelde sriracha ve acı sos seviyorum.”
Tanıdığımız başka biri gibi görünüyor.
SONRA İÇİN PIN:
Delish’i Instagram’da takip et.问题：太极剑法和霹雳舞有何样异口同声之处？
生机勃勃震天三无三不手原本是尖端的拳术大家清楚,太极神功最初诞生于中华法家的内丹保养身体术,是内丹保养动功方式的后生可畏种极其表现什么叫作内丹?轻易讲,清代法家用金属与各样血红蛋白进行超常规措施的烧炼,炼出生龙活虎种据他们说吞服之后方可疗疾健体只怕化质成仙的药品,叫做外丹;而借用外丹
生龙活虎､梯云纵原本是尖端的枪术大家精晓,绵掌最先诞生于中华墨家的内丹保养术,是内丹保养动功格局的后生可畏种非常表现｡
什么叫作内丹?简单讲,大顺法家用金属与各类甲状腺素举行极度规情势的烧炼,炼出生龙活虎种据他们说吞服之后能够疗疾健体或然化质成仙的药物,叫做外丹;而借用外丹烧炼的定义和术语,以人自己的躯体作为试验体,通过天人合风姿浪漫的生命双修,和修炼技艺上的情状兼融,接收､培养､强大身体内的后天元气,进而获取祛病健美､延年益寿,并且追求得到长生不老的成效,那当中的后天元气就叫做内丹｡因为内丹术与“气”的修炼紧凑相关,所以大家能够泛称它为剑术｡因为内丹术“气”的修炼,与日常概念上､情势上的剑术导引大为分化(内丹术要得到的是后天元气,而平时的拳术导引所使用和调节和测量试验的只是后天深呼吸之气､营卫经络之气卡塔尔国,换句话说,后面一个仅能够当做前边三个的底蕴入门方法｡所以,若用“枪术”来发挥的话,前者可称之为低档刀术,前者可称之为高端剑术｡
在五八百多年前,著名的大摔碑
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（5）冲击系数与受迫振动频率的关系曲线
（6）车速与受迫振动频率的关系曲线
（7）卸载后(车辆出桥后)的结构固有频率
4.6 试验结果评定
在实际测试中，通常通过以下几个方面来评价桥梁结构的动态性能。
（1）比较桥梁结构频率的理论值与实测值。
（2）根据动态冲击系数的实测值来评价桥梁结构的行车性能。
（3）判断实测阻尼比的大小。
第五章：桥梁检测相关图片
5.1
支架搭设
5.2
应变测点布设
5.3
静态应变采集系统
5.4
挠度测量
5.5
拾振器的布设
5.6
动载数据采集
5.7
静载试验加载
5.8
跳车试验加载
5.9
跑车试验加载
5.10
刹车试验加载
桥梁荷载试验概要
1 概述
桥梁结构荷载试验是对桥梁结构物进行直接加载测试的一项科学试验工作，其目的是通过了解桥梁结构在试验荷载作用下的实际工作状态，从而判断桥梁结构的安全承载能力及评价桥梁的营运质量。通过荷载试验可以达到以下目的：
（1）检验桥梁的施工质量是否符合设计与使用要求;
（2）对于一些在理论上难以计算的部位，通过荷载试验可了解其受力状态;
（3）有助于发现在一般性检查中难以发现的隐蔽病害;
（4）可以确定旧桥结构实际的承载能力，为制定桥梁加固或改建技术方案提供依据。
（5）通过对新建桥梁结构的竣工荷载试验以及针对性很强的研究性试验，则可为发展桥梁设计理论和提高施工工艺水平提供科学依据并积累技术数据。
2 荷载试验的主要任务
桥梁荷载试验的任务是根据试验目的和要求来确定的。一般地说，桥梁荷载试验的主要任务是：
2.1 检验桥梁结构的内在质量
对新型桥梁或加固、改建桥梁进行竣工验收鉴定，以对桥梁结构整体受力性能是否达到设计文件和规范标准的要求作出评价，检验预期的设计效果。
2.2 确定桥梁结构的承载能力及营运条件
(1)对于重要的桥梁结构，除在设计阶段即进行必要项目的试验研究外，通常在桥梁建成竣工后，通过荷载试验来鉴定桥梁结构的施工质量，分析判断桥梁的实际承载能力；
（2)对于需改建或加固的桥梁，通过荷载试验可进一步提供桥梁改造技术依据，尤其对于缺少技术资料的旧桥更为重要；
(3)对于新桥梁及运用新材料、新工艺等的复杂桥梁结构，通过系统的荷载试验，可以了解和掌握结构在荷载作用下的实际受力状态，验证结构计算图式，并探索具有普遍意义的规律，为充实和发展桥梁结构的计算理论和施工工艺积累科学资料。
2.3 分析桥梁病害原因及其变化规律
对于遭受到洪水、冰冻、地震、撞击、河床挖坑或冲刷而损伤的桥梁结构，或在桥梁建造或使用期间发现有严重缺陷，如过大的变形或裂缝等，常通过桥梁荷载试验进行综合分析研究，提出合理的整治方案和养护措施。
3 荷载试验的对象与依据
3.1荷载试验的对象
（1）新建的大跨度桥梁，尤其采用新结构、新材料和新工艺的桥梁结构。
（2）拟通过特种车辆的新、旧桥梁，需按实际轮位和轴重进行模拟荷载或等效荷载试验。
（3）经修复、改建或加固的旧桥，为判断其承载能力和处治效果，可进行荷载试验。
（4）当采用调查、检算的方法尚不足以鉴定桥梁承载能力时，可采用荷载试验，测定桥梁在荷载作用下的实际工作状况，以评估桥梁承载能
力，包括：
A、桥梁施工质量合格，使用状况良好，检算主要指标虽不符合要求，但超过幅度较小，可能还有承载潜力。
B、桥梁的施工质量很差，可能存在隐患，仅用调查检算难以确定桥梁承载能力。
C、桥梁在运营中损坏严重，可能影响桥梁承载能力。
D、桥梁缺乏设计、施工资料或结构受力不明确，不便准确进行承载能力检算。
（5）为了科研或积累资料需要，而进行荷载试验的桥梁。
注：对同多跨桥梁，如结构型式均相同，则应选取技术状态最差的或结构受力最不利的跨孔进行荷载试验。
3.2 主要依据
（1）《大跨径混凝土桥梁的试验方法》—1982
（2）《公路旧桥承载能力鉴定办法》（试行）—1988
（3）《公路桥梁承载能力检测评定规程》（报批稿）
（4）《混凝土结构试验方法标准》（GB 50152-92）
（5）可供参考的其它相关技术规范，包括：
A、《公路桥涵养护规范》（JTG H11-2004）
B、《城市桥梁养护技术规范》（CJJ 99-2003）
C、《铁路桥梁检定规范》（铁运函［2004］120号）
D、《钻芯法检测混凝土强度技术规程》（CECS 03：2007）
E、《回弹法检测混凝土抗压强度技术规程》（JGJ/T23-2001）
F、《超声回弹综合法检测混凝土强度技术规程》（CECS 02：2005） G、《超声法检测混凝土缺陷技术规程》（CECS 21：2000）
H、相关的桥涵设计技术规范、测量规范等
4 桥梁荷载试验分类
（1）按工程检验性质，可分为：验收荷载试验与鉴定荷载试验。
（2）按试验荷载性质，可分为：静力荷载试验与动力荷载试验。
（3）按最大试验荷载量，可分为：基本荷载试验（1.0≥η＞0.8）、重荷载试验（η＞1.0）与轻荷载试验（0.8≥η＞0.5），η为荷载效率系数。对旧桥η常取于0.8~1.05之间，当桥梁的调查、检算工作比较完善而又受加载设备能力限制时，η可取低限，否则宜取高限，一般情况下η值不宜小于0.95；
比如，目前一些高速公路上的特大跨径桥梁交工验收前都进行验收荷载试验，且一般为基本荷载试验并以静载试验为主。
5 荷载试验主要测试内容
5.1 静载试验主要测试内容
（1）控制断面的应力（应变）；
（2）结构的变形情况，包括梁体挠度、支点沉降、墩台位移等；
（3）裂缝的出现和扩展情况。
注：相关规范中已给出了各种桥梁体系的主要观测部位及测试内容。
5.2动载试验主要测试内容
（1）测定结构在动力荷载作用下的受迫振动特性，如动力系数、振幅、加速度等，一般通过跑车、跳车、刹车试验来实现。
（2）测定桥梁结构的自振特性，如结构的振型、频率和阻尼比等，一般通过脉动试验（依靠环境随机激励）来实现；
（3）测定动荷载本身的动力特性，如动力荷载的大小、频率及作用规律等，主要以科研为主。
6 试验结果的分析与评定
6.1 静载试验
（1）试验荷载效率η
Sstat
S.
式中：Sstat——试验荷载作用下，检测部位变形或力的计算值；
S——设计标准活荷载作用下，检测部位变位或力的计算值；
δ——设计取用的动力系数。
（2）关键部位（一般为应力或位移最大测点处）校验系数K
KSe
Sstat
SeStotSp
式中：Se——量测的弹性变形或力值
Stot——量测的总变形或力值;
Sp——量测的残余变形或力值
（3）残余变形系数ξ
Sp
Stot1
以上各参数的上、下限值取值如下表：
（4）裂缝开展情况评价
主要评价受力裂缝的出现、扩展及卸载后的回复情况：
A、试验荷载作用下裂缝宽度不超过设计标准的许可值，并且卸载后应闭合到小于容许值的1/3;
B、原有的其它裂缝（施工的、收缩的裂缝），受载后也不应超过标准容许的宽度;
C、结构出现第一条裂缝的试验荷载值应大于理论计算初裂荷载的90%。
6.2 动载试验
（1）实测结构动力特性参数（自振频率、振型）与理论计算值的比较，以评价结构整体刚度、校验理论计算模型，同时也为结构进一步动力分析如抗风、抗震分析提供基础资料；
（2）实测结构动力系数，包括动态应变增量、冲击系数等，评价设计取用的动力系数是否合理。
6.3试验结果的使用
（1）通过试验参数分析，可判定结构工作性能与施工质量；
（2）根据校验系数可确定桥梁承载能力检算系数Z2，并由此进行承
载能力评估。
7 试验过程中需注意的有关问题
7.1 试验前的准备工作
（1）对结构进行详细检查，查明结构几何尺寸与实际技术状况等；
（2）制订详细试验方案，拟定加载方式；
（3）准备好试验观测仪器设备、加载设备。
7.2试验时间的选择
（1）应选择气象条件较稳定的日期，并安排在阴天或夜间温度比较恒定的条件下进行试验；
（2）应避免大风降温或暴雨期间进行试验。
7.3 特别注意试验安全，包括结构的安全与试验检测人员的人身安全
（1）加载分级一般不少于四级，对技术状况不佳的旧桥或缺乏设计、施工资料或结构受力不明确的桥梁应适当增加加载分级，且后一级荷载量不大于前一级荷载量。
（2）以下情况应立即停止继续加载：
A、结构控制截面的变位、应力（或应变）、裂缝的扩展，在未加到预计的最大试验荷载前，提前达到或超过设计标准的容许值；
B、拱桥加载时沿跨长方向的实测挠度曲线分布规律与计算值相差过大或实测值超过计算值较多时；
C、 结构发生其它损坏，影响其承载能力或正常使用时。
（3）因高空作业、水上作业较多，试验前应对试验检测人员进行安全警示教育，认真检查支架、试验平台等辅助设施是否牢固，并切实做好安全防患措施。
（4）试验期间尤其是进行动载试验如跑车试验时，应严格做好交通管制，有条件的情况下应尽可能对桥梁前后道路进行封闭。
桥梁荷载试验强制性条文
一、新建、改建、扩建城市桥梁完工后应进行桥梁荷载试验。荷载试验结果满足设计及相关规范标准要求后，方可进行竣工验收。
二、城市桥梁荷载试验工作由建设单位负责组织实施。
三、荷载试验范围
（一）、静力荷载试验
1、跨径≥40M的各类拱式桥；
2、跨径≥13M的各类梁式桥；
3、跨径≥25M的钢筋砼人行天桥和跨径≥20M的钢结构及悬索结构的人行天桥；
4、高架路或立交桥跨径≥20M的连续梁高架桥、匝道桥或跨径≥25M，跨数≥2跨的简支梁高架桥、跨线桥。
（二）、动载试验
总跨径≥50M的各类特大型城市桥梁，或设计有明确要求的大、中型城市桥梁（单跨≥13M），除应进行静载试验外还应进行动载试验。
（三）、特殊试验要求
采用新工艺、新材料、新结构和具有独特设计要求的，确定有科研性质的；对设计或施工质量有怀疑的城市桥梁，应另行会同建设、设计、监控、监理等单位研究提出符合实际需要的静载、动载试验要求。
四、荷载试验频率
符合上述条件的单跨桥梁应进行荷载试验。对多跨桥梁应根据桥梁结构类型、标段划分等情况确定荷载试验数量，每种结构类型、每标段不应少于一跨。
五、设计单位应在桥梁设计文件中明确桥梁荷载试验要求。
六、承担荷载试验的检测试验单位必须具备相应桥梁的检测资质。 检测试验单位应根据设计单位提出荷载试验技术指标和相关参数制定荷载试验方案。试验方案经建设、质量监督、监理、设计单位会审同意后实施。
七、荷载试验工作应统一指挥、加强观测、注意安全、严防意外事故发生。试验桥跨的主要承重结构砼的龄期应在达到设计强度要求后进行。
八、荷载试验费用列入项目工程概算。
XX成桥荷载试验报告
1 工程概述
连接道上有一座4×32m连续箱梁桥。
上部结构箱梁采用单箱三室断面，梁高为1.7米，顶宽18米，底宽1.4米，两侧翼缘宽2m，跨中顶底板厚度均为0.25m，腹板厚0.5m；在端横梁和墩顶横梁处顶底板厚度增大至0.5m，腹板均增厚至0.9m。
下部结构桥墩采用桩柱式结构，桥台采用桩承式桥台。上部结构采用C50混凝土，下部结构采用C30混凝土结构。
主要设计参数：
①设计荷载：汽车荷载：城－A级；人群荷载：4.0kN/㎡；花台：8.0kN/㎡（单侧）。
②桥宽：36m=8m（人行道、绿化带）＋20m（车行道）＋8m（人行道、绿化带）。 ③桥梁最大纵坡：0.3%。
④地震设防类别：场地地震基本烈度为6度（7度构造设防）。设计基本地震加速度值为0.05g。
⑤基准期、使用年限及安全等级：设计基准期：100年，设计使用年限：100年，桥梁设计安全等级为一级。
图1.1 XX立面图 （单位：mm）
图1.2 XX典型断面图 （单位：mm）
2 试验依据
本次桥梁试验依据、参考下列规范或技术文件执行： 1) 所签订的合同及试验桥梁的相关资料；
2) 《公路桥梁承载能力检测评定规程》JTG/T21-2011； 3) 《大跨径混凝土桥梁的试验方法》（YC4-4/1982）； 4) 《城市桥梁养护技术规程》（DB50/231-2006）； 5) 《城市桥梁工程施工与质量验收规范》（CJJ2-2008）； 6) 《公路桥梁承载能力检测评定规程》（JTG/T21-2011）； 7) 《混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范》（GB50204-2002）； 8) 《城市桥梁检测和养护维修管理办法》（2004）； 9) 《城市桥梁安全性评估规程》（DB50/272-2008）； 10) 《建筑变形测量规程》（JGJ 8－2007）； 11) 《公路桥涵设计通用规范》（JTG D60-2004）； 12) 国家及各部委颁布的其他相关标准。
3 试验目的
通过对桥梁进行荷载试验检测以及必要的观测，了解桥梁结构现状并考查桥跨结构强度、刚度等，达到以下目的：
1）测试桥梁在设计荷载作用下的结构变形、强度及裂缝是否满足设计和规范的要求；
2）检验桥梁的施工质量，判断实际承载能力，评价桥跨结构的工作性能，为竣工验收提供科学的依据。
4 检测设备
本次试验所用到的主要仪器设备见表4.1。
表4.1 检测仪器设备表
5 静载试验
5.1 试验荷载
XX为车行桥，选用汽车进行加载较为方便。拟选用的汽车参数见图5.1。试验各工况下所需加载车辆的数量，根据设计标准活荷载产生的某工况下的最不利效应值按下
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8,438
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Lou Gehrig’s disease. He was given only a few years to live.
—Compiled by Social Media Specialist Jillian Scola高温除尘布袋加工注意事项
除尘布袋切割时一定要知道板孔的尺寸，因为我们的除尘布袋厂家位于花板上。切割时，有必要根据袋子的形状预留余量。过滤材料须弄平并加衬里，然后在校对后进行切割。所选的前线的伸缩性须小，并应根据材料进行处理，以确保缝制集尘袋的尺寸稳定性。如果集尘袋用于食品和制药公司，除尘布袋厂家须经过相关卫生部门的批准才能使用。
布袋应先用温水冲洗，以防止布表面上的污垢等进入食物。如果它是产生特殊材料的无尘布袋，除尘布袋厂家须提前一周预订。袋子的大小可以随意选择，以免影响您的使用时间。防尘袋的长度偏差为±5mm，除尘布袋厂家的缝制代码缝在了防尘袋的周围。袋子的纵向针头尺寸应不少于15针/250px，横向针迹代码应不少于12针/250px。除尘布袋厂家的纵向缝线牢固，笔直且不少于三个；除尘布袋的环形缝线须牢固且不少于两条；除尘布袋厂家防砸环的环形针须牢固，且每侧不少于两个。除尘布袋厂家底部的环形针迹只能单行，但缝制两次以上。成品布袋须没有漏洞和损坏缺陷。缝制完成后，由技术人员一 一检查，以进行包装和运输，以确保集尘袋的尺寸和缝制质量。By Dan Steward
Although wood-burning fireplaces are no longer the main source of heat for modern homes, many home buyers still desire them. They associate fireplaces with cosy homes. Knowing the common problems with wood-burning fireplaces and how they can be fixed will help real estate professionals counsel clients on their pros and cons.
In Montreal, the executive committee of Mayor Gérald Tremblay’s administration views wood-burning fireplaces as detrimental to the city’s air quality. “Montreal’s estimated 85,000 wood-burning stoves and fireplaces are believed to produce nearly half of the island’s winter smog,” reported the CBC in April.
In addition, according to a study by Environment Canada reported in The Toronto Star, “Using a wood-fire stove for only nine hours…produces as much fine-particle pollution as does a car in a year.”
In April of 2009, the City of Montreal banned the installation of wood-burning stoves in new homes. The ban included devices retrofitted with more environmentally friendly components, the CBC reported.
There are ways that residents can eliminate the amount of smoke from a wood-burning fireplace, making them more environmentally friendly. First, they need to understand how the fireplace works. Smoke should be drawn naturally up the chimney at all times. If the fireplace smokes when it’s operating, it’s not designed properly, or there is something in the house that is causing the fireplace to smoke.
There are some configurations that are more likely to smoke than others. For example, chimney height has a big influence on how well the fireplace draws. A taller chimney will draw better. Also, the flue size should be at least 1/12 of the fireplace opening size in order to provide an optimal draw and eliminate smoke.
It’s common for the fireplace to smoke when the fire is first lit and when the fire has burnt down. This is called the cold-hearth syndrome. When the chimney flue is hot, it draws well, and when it’s cold, air flows down the chimney rather than up. Sometimes this can cause soot and cold air to pour down the chimney when the fireplace is not in use, even when the damper is closed. This is indicative of a less-than-ideal fireplace and chimney design.
Homeowners should also check for soot under the mantel. If there is soot on the underside of the mantel, it could indicate a fireplace with chronic back-drafting.
Solutions for smoking fireplaces include:
* Add glass doors: They reduce the effective fireplace opening size and the volume of air going up the chimney. These both improve the fireplace draw.
* Decrease the fireplace opening size: Anything that reduces the opening size of the fireplace will result in better draw.
* Extend the chimney: A taller chimney draws better. This is a good solution, but it is more expensive than the other suggestions.
* Convert to gas: If all else fails, consider installing a gas direct-vent fireplace. These fireplaces vent out the wall of the house. No chimney is needed.
A zero-clearance fireplace is a viable option for those who would like to have a fireplace added to their house. It has a light-weight insulated chimney. This means it can be added to the house without adding a foundation, making it an option for any floor of the house, and as the name says, it requires “zero clearance.”
In comparison, a conventional wood-burning fireplace is a massive structure made of masonry and non-combustible material – the firebox, the hearth, the chimney and the chimney liner. It is very heavy and needs a foundation. This type of fireplace is expensive to retrofit into a house that does not have a fireplace because it needs to be built from the footing level up.
There have been many fires due to improper operation and maintenance of wood-burning equipment. Knowing how to operate them is imperative to home safety. Here are a few safety tips:
* Hire a professional chimney sweep to get rid of any creosote build-up in the chimney because it is a highly combustible substance.
* Keep the flue clean by burning only seasoned hardwood. Don’t burn garbage and scraps of paper.
* Keep smoke in its place by stacking logs near the back of the fireplace.
* Make sure the damper is open before lighting the fire.
* Have the flue cleaned and inspected yearly (cleaned more often if you use the fireplace a lot).
* Keep the hearth area clean and clear.
* Use a spark screen in front of the fire.
* Don’t leave an open fire unattended.
* Make sure household smoke and CO detectors are functioning.
* Zero-clearance fireplaces need to be cleaned and inspected as well. They don’t tolerate a lack of maintenance well.
* For zero clearance, check the manual to verify if the fireplace can be operated with the glass door shut.
Real estate professionals should stay attuned to common problems associated with wood-burning fireplaces and how they can be fixed, in order to not lose a sale. In some instances, remember it would be best to consider the zero-clearance wood-burning fireplace as an option.
Dan Steward is president of Pillar to Post home inspections, which has almost 500 locations in nine provinces and 43 states. 1-800-294-5591; www.pillartopost.com.
Posted: 2010-02-17 07:57:29
Want to sell condo Toronto? If yes then you are at the right place. At Canada, especially in Toronto your search for a perfect real estate broker to find out best Toronto Condo for Sale can’t end at a better place. I Marco Momeni, assures you best value for your condo and unmatched customer service at most competitive cost. I can even help you make your condo more attractive so that we can finish the whole transaction and selling procedure in least possible time. Selling a condominium in Toronto is a very herculean task. And if you want to try to sell condo Toronto all by yourself then the whole process will be nightmarish. So let me handle your Toronto condo for sale, I guarantee you best value at most affordable price. I even have the experience to take care of all the legal procedures such as preparation of agreement papers and various other necessary things which are required at the time of condo selling. We are committed to strike the best deal for your Toronto condo for sale by finding out the most suitable person or family who can pay you correct amount. I can achieve this by utilizing mine as well as your network of family, friends, neighbors, office colleague etc. I even strive hard enough to popularize your Toronto condo for sale by using internet, print and visual medium, and various other advanced advertising and marketing techniques. As I have years of experience selling, buying and renting properties in Canada and especially in Toronto, We know in great detail about the important factors that makes difference in sealing a deal. Using all these knowledge, I give my clients many inputs and advices about staging their property which makes them more attractive and gets them better return on that.英国蒂赛德大学留学认证
蒂赛德大学(Teesside University)。提赛德大学（Teesside University），简称“TU”，是一所在英国英格兰东北地区的一所充满活力的公立综合性大学，同时也是中国教育部中英学历学位互认协议中第一批通过的英国大学。
学术要求
国际预科课程：完成中国三年制高中课程通过高中会考并且高中课程平均分70分以上。英语要求雅思总分4.5分，单项不低于4分。
英国蒂赛德大学本科课程：通过提赛德大学认可的国际预科课程 可申请大一入学；完成中国三年制高中课程且成绩优秀，英语成绩优秀，可直接申请大一入学；完成申请课程本专业中国大学一年级课程且成绩优秀，可申请大一入学
英国蒂赛德大学研究生课程：中国四年制本科毕业或三年制大专毕业且具备2年以上专业相关工作经验
英国蒂赛德大学申请材料
1.毕业生：成绩单和毕业证；在读生：成绩单和在读证明
2.两位推荐人的两封推荐信（其中一位推荐人必须为老师）
3.个人陈述（包括想读专业、个人能力、申请原因及兴趣爱好）
4.英语能力证明（在英国大学毕业的学生无需提供语言证明）
5.个人简历（包括全名、性别、出生日期、家庭住址、教育背景、工作经历、兴趣爱好、专业证书）
英国大学的招生根据先到先得的原则，一般在申请提交后4-6周内提供录取信息。大学的每个专业都有一定的名额限制，所以尽量在第一时间申请。
本文链接：https://www.19150.com/liuxue/16138.htmlExtreme weather such as heat waves, heavy downpours and droughts are expected to accompanying climate change. Recent research indicates this has begun happening.
Droughts, heat waves, flooding — humanity has faced the effects of extreme, disastrous weather throughout history. But this past decade set itself apart — thanks, at least in part, to human-caused climate change, according to scientists.
Last year, the United States saw 14 weather-related events that cost at least $1 billion apiece; in 2003, Europe sweltered through its hottest summer in at least 500 years; in 2010, record rainfall brought the worst flooding in Pakistan's history; and the list from recent years goes on.
These events occurred during a decade ranked as likely the warmest for at least the past 1,000 years, according to Dim Coumou and Stefan Rahmstorf, of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany.
Is there a connection between the warming world and extreme weather? Most likely yes, say Coumou and Rahmstorf.
"It is very likely that several of the unprecedented extremes of the past decade would not have occurred without anthropocentric global warming," they write in a study published Sunday (March 25) in the journal Nature Climate Change. [Quiz: Test Your Weather Smarts]
Connecting weather with climate change is tricky — climate scientists routinely say they cannot attribute a particular event to human-caused climate change. However, over time, global warming is expected to result in a shift in the odds of extreme events.
Coumou and Rahmstorf, like other climate scientists, use the metaphor of a loaded die: The results of one roll may or may not be the result of the manipulated die. But after many rolls, the skewed results become evident.
To find the fingerprints of climate change, they reviewed extreme weather events going back to 2000 as well as research into possible connections with global warming. The latter includes computer modeling studies, such as one from 2004 that found the risk of a heat wave of the magnitude of Europe's 2003 scorcher has likely quadrupled as a result of humanity's effects on climate.
The duo say they found the fingerprint of climate change on unprecedented heat waves and extreme rainfall over the past decade. As for big storms — tropical cyclones and hurricanes, including Hurricane Katrina in 2005 — the evidence is mixed, they find.
The link between extreme weather and climate change isn't new. A recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change identified an increase in hot days, heat waves and heavy precipitation and predicted more to come as a result of global warming.SIDERA AUGUSTA: The Role of the Stars in Augustus' Quest for Supreme Auctoritas
Carswell, Christopher J. A.
MetadataShow full item record
Auctoritas was the foundation of Augustus' legitimacy, success, and survival in Roman politics. The necessary precondition of successfully founding political legitimacy upon auctoritas, however, was that Augustus' auctoritas had to be supreme. This thesis will show that one of the most important ways Augustus achieved supreme auctoritas was by integrating himself into traditional beliefs about the stars and by harnessing the associations with the divine and supernatural that were latent in these beliefs. Augustus reinforced his association with these beliefs by employing a number of powerful symbols drawn from among the stars. Chapters Two and Three will focus upon one of these symbols, the sidus Iulium (the comet of Caesar). Chapter Two will demonstrate how Augustus harnessed the general acceptance of Caesar's astral apotheosis (catasterism) and of catasterism in general in the Roman world at that time and then used the sidus Iulium as a symbol of his connection with Divus Iulius and of his own semi-divine status. Chapter Three will explore how Augustus promoted the sidus Iulium as the harbinger of a golden age for the Roman people and as an omen of the fact that it was his destiny to lead them into it. Chapter Four will turn to another astral symbol, the constellation Capricorn. This chapter will examine how Augustus integrated himself into the greatly popular discipline of astrology and used its language of fate to promote himself as a man of great destiny. Throughout we will consider a variety of evidence, particularly numismatic and literary. This will help us to achieve the fullest possible picture of the lengths to which Augustus went to create a useful ally of the stars in his never-ending quest for auctoritas.Un incendio doloso nella notte ha danneggiato un chiosco di street food in via Tindari, a PALERMO, nei pressi del capolinea degli autobus. E’ stata versata benzina sulla struttura prefabbricata che e’ stata avvolta dalle fiamme. Sono intervenuti i vigili del fuoco che hanno spento il rogo e accertato la presenza del liquido infiammabile.A livello internazionale la reputazione dei vini bianchi e rosati è influenzata in modo preponderante dalle qualità aromatiche, perciò è importante evitare che nel corso della conservazione alcuni vini possano sviluppare difetti olfattivi e visivi riconducibili a reazioni ossidative (Rigaud et al., 1990).
Durante un affinamento in ambiente ossidativo o una movimentazione impropria dei vini finiti (Vidal., 2003 e 2004), vi è un significativo incremento di aldeidi dovuto principalmente all’ossidazione di alcoli e meccanismi di ossidazione accoppiata che coinvolgono l’ossigeno atmosferico e i di- e tri-idroidrossifenoli. Un altro tipo di reazione osservata è l’acetalizzazione tra aldeidi, alcoli e polioli del vino come il glicerolo.
Queste reazioni chimiche avvengono spontaneamente per via dell’alta concentrazione di tali molecole reattive nel vino e i composti ossidati risultanti sono responsabili di un deprezzamento sensoriale, sia per alterazione dell’equilibrio aromatico che per l’imbrunimento del colore (Rigaud et al., 1990).
Il rapporto tra ossigeno e lieviti
È stato dimostrato da molti anni che durante la fermentazione alcolica i lieviti vivi sono in grado di consumare una significativa quantità di ossigeno attraverso delle vie metaboliche non legate alla respirazione (Rosenfeld et al., 2002); questi meccanismi sono conservati in modo analogo anche nei lieviti morti (Fornairon et al., 1999; Salmon et al., 2000; Fornairon-Bonnefond et al. 2003) e sono originati dalla degradazione ossidativa dei lipidi cellulari (Fornairon-Bonnefond et al., 2002a; Salmon, 2006).
Questo potenziale consumo di ossigeno può essere sfruttato come protezione dei vini durante le fasi di conservazione (INRA, 2008), recenti studi hanno rafforzato questa aspettativa sulla base di esperimenti in laboratorio mirati alla valutazione della capacità antiossidante di alcuni preparati a base di lieviti (Comuzzo et al., 2015).
Selezione di lieviti inattivi in grado di consumare l’ossigeno
Nell’ambito di una partnership di ricerca tra INRA e Lallemand sono stati selezionati, tra numerosi derivati di lievito, quelli che mostravano le maggiori velocità e capacità massime di consumo dell’ossigeno disciolto.
Considerando che la finalità della futura applicazione in cantina sarebbe stata la protezione del vino dalle ossidazioni nel medio-lungo termine, si è privilegiata l’individuazione del prodotto (un ceppo di lievito enologico abbinato a un particolare processo produttivo) in grado di consumare l’ossigeno disciolto in modo prolungato nel tempo, piuttosto che il formulato con il più elevato consumo istantaneo (figura 1).
Figura 1: Consumo massimo di ossigeno rilevato con differenti lieviti inattivi. Risultati ottenuti in condizioni standardizzate su vino sintetico. Il consumo di ossigeno è stato ottimizzato con la messa a punto della tecnica di produzione del prodotto commerciale PURE-LEESTM LONGEVITY. Fonte: INRA.
Test pilota su vini conservati in bag-in-box
A conferma dei risultati ottenuti su vino sintetico, sono stati eseguiti dei test preliminari su un vino Sauvignon Blanc conservato in bag-in-box visto che le pareti di questo contenitore presentano un’elevata
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such as mine, India, changes have been brought about to a far higher magnitude in the quantity than quality of lesson material that a school kid is expected to assimilate [except in IT related subjects], despite the fact that a country’s development depends upon its quality education system, as reflected by classroom processes. Though more and more K-12 schools are using multimedia in their classrooms, the Net is still not feasible in countries such as India where there are rural schools without even proper chalkboards.
Is there a way out? Yes, to some extent, this problem can be addressed by using local culture and tradition, be it a school in Africa, South Pacific, Asia or anywhere else. All countries have their own culture and traditions, elements of which, I think can be used effectively in teaching our kids.
For instance, when teaching the primary school science concept `solids expand on heating’ in a rural classroom, the classic `ball and ring’ experiment [a model which is still found in many textbooks but non-existent in school labs] cannot be effective. When teaching this concept, I used to take my kids to the village craftsman who makes cart wheels. There the kids see the craftsman keeping the iron rims in fire for some time and then fitting them on to the wheels. As he does it, I ask my students the reason why he does that. After some thinking, they come with explanations such as `He does it so that the rim expands at first, and as it it fitted, it shrinks and hence fits very tightly. Can textbook pages or even dynamic web pages teach the concept as effectively as `live’ demo? Surely, cannot. Dry straw roofing in village huts can be a very effective teaching aid to teach `heat conduction’.
Many of us who are raised in villages would know as to how dried bottle gourd is still used to teach swimming to people. I have used this fascinating aid to teach concepts such as `buoyancy’ and `laws of flotation’ with great ease.
The need of the day in our rural science classrooms is that teaching learning methods should be not only user friendly but also respect the local culture and traditions.Female Condoms Remain Structurally Sound After Being Washed and Reused as Many as Seven Times
The female condom can be washed and reused several times and still meet structural standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), according to a study conducted in South Africa.1 When women washed, dried and relubricated female condoms up to seven times, the devices continued to meet FDA requirements with respect to the amount of pressure they could withstand and the strength of their seams. Five holes were detected in the 295 condoms used, but these were not associated with the number of times the condom was used.
A sample of 50 women--predominantly commercial sex workers and clients at an inner-city sexually transmitted disease clinic--were enrolled in the study and instructed in how to clean a female condom for reuse. (The procedure consisted of rinsing the condom; washing it for 60 seconds with liquid detergent; rinsing it; patting it dry with clean tissues or towels, or air-drying; and relubricating it with vegetable oil just before reusing.) Participants were given a condom and asked to use, wash and reuse it, and return it to the study site for laboratory testing. If the condom was found to be structurally sound, the women were asked to repeat the cycle with a new condom, reusing it twice; the cycle was repeated until the women washed a single condom seven times (i.e., used it a total of eight times).
Laboratory analyses of the used condoms tested the devices' water leakage, the maximum pressure they could withstand before bursting and the tensile strength of the seams. Results were compared both with FDA standards for new condoms and with results for a sample of 20 unused condoms from the same production batch from which the study condoms were drawn.
Three-quarters of the women used liquid detergent to wash the condoms, as they had been instructed to do; the rest used bar soap or, in one instance, soap powder. Three in five women air-dried the condoms, and 99% relubricated the devices before reuse, primarily with baby oil, sunflower oil or petroleum jelly.
Five holes were detected in the 295 condoms used, for a breakage rate of 2%. In three cases, the women had noticed the holes and told clinic staff about them when they returned the condoms for testing; the other two holes were found during the water leakage test. The holes were detected after various numbers of reuses, with no clear trend related to the number of times a condom was washed. Moreover, the investigators note that four of the holes were in the part of the condom that lies outside the vagina and that is twisted during removal of the device.
Regardless of the number of times a condom was washed, test values for burst and seam strength were above minimum FDA standards. Comparisons of reused and new condoms showed no differences in results for seam strength and minor variations for pressure.
The researchers comment that "although occasional holes result from the repeated handling of the condom, these are not sufficiently common to make the practice [of washing and reusing female condoms] unacceptable." Their overall conclusion is that "while it is preferable to use a new female condom or male condom, a reused female condom may be an acceptable next choice in situations where this is not possible."--D. Hollander
1. Beksinska ME et al., Structural integrity of the female condom after multiple uses, washing, drying, and re- lubrication, Contraception, 2001, 63(1):33-36.Children in Central Asia practice a tradition in the lead-up to iftar (the evening breaking of the Ramadan fast – read our green iftar guide here) that has a decidedly Western resonance: they go Ramadan caroling. As with Christmas caroling, the children go door-to-door singing their neighbors holiday songs. After performing, carolers ask for a treat, usually receiving sweets or pocket change.
As in the West, the tradition is loved or hated with equal energy. The difference is, as with Ramadan, this songfest can last an entire month. (Click on this link to hear and see a sample of Ramadan carols.)
“Small kids come every day singing,” Lola Yunusova from Tashkent told Radio Free Europe. “We give them money. But when the same children come every day, we say, ‘That’s enough. Don’t come again.’ Many parents don’t allow their children to go out singing and neither do we. They are like beggars. Nobody likes them. They pound on your door and keep ringing the doorbell. When you come out, there are usually three or four of them shouting, ‘Blah, blah, blah, blah…give us some money.'”
Her neighbor said he enjoys Ramadan caroling, greeting the children with a smile and asking them to sing more. And the kids seem to love the tradition. It’s the only time of the year when they run around with their friends, getting away with cheekiness to adults, and end up with some free candy to boot.
Ramadan carols often reflect the societal enthusiasm for the birth of a healthy boy. A typical Uzbek song says, “We came and sang a Ramadan song at your door. We are wishing you’ll have in your cradle a boy who is as strong as a ram.” But beware the lyrics if you don’t offer treats, “We came and you heard us sing, but you didn’t give us anything. May your newborn turnout to be a girl!”
Turkmen children sing similarly misogynistic verses, “Let a girl be born to those who give less. Let a boy be born to those who give more.”
Singers may improvise on traditional verses, but some teenagers abuse lyrics by shouting rudely at those who don’t offer gifts, “We will never come to your doorstep again and we are putting a stick in your [key] hole,” sang a group stiffed by a homeowner.
In Kazakhstan, Ramadan caroling was suppressed during the Soviet era, when Kazakh Muslims secretly fasted to avoid being targeted as troublemakers. Today, carolers can openly sing, “May the Lord Almighty accept your prayers and to all who are fasting for Ramadan, may the Lord be good to you.” Now free to practice their faith, but it always goes back to the candy, “We are children of Muhammad. We are one community. If you give us some treats, it will make us stronger.”
Ramadan carolling was also popular across Afghanistan before the 1979 Soviet invasion, but the tradition disappeared during subsequent decades of war and the emergence of the Taliban, which considered all music to be un-Islamic. Caroling has resurfaced only recently in some of northern Afghanistan’s ethnic Uzbek, ethnic Turkmen, and ethnic Tajik neighborhoods.
In Kyrgyzstan, most caroling takes place during the three days leading up to Eid. (The video above shows young men in national dress from Kyrgyzstan’s Issyk-Kul region singing Ramadan songs.) Western materialism has crept in, with Bishkek children wishing listeners the good fortune of being able to “have a pocketful of U.S. dollars” and “drive a Mercedes“. Songs in northern Tajikistan often dispense religion altogether, instead singing folklore rhymes.
According to an excellent article by Radio Free Europe’s Ron Synovitz, Ramadan caroling extends far beyond Central Asia. Children in Bosnia-Herzegovina collect money by shouting “Ramadan bank” as they move door to door. Egyptian street drummers play for cash during Holy Month celebrations.
Ultraconservative Sunni Wahabbists argue that Ramadan caroling is un-Islamic and should be forbidden, but according to Tora Mirzayev, professor of folklore at Uzbekistan’s Academy of Science, Central Asia’s caroling tradition has pre-Islamic roots.
“In old times Ramadan songs were sung by adults,” he told Synovitz. “But since the beginning of the 20th century, these songs have been sung only as children’s songs. There is a mixture of different pre-Islamic rituals like ‘calling for rain’ or ‘stopping the wind.’ When Islam came to the region, these rituals were transformed into Islamic rituals.”
It was a lovely discovery to stumble upon this story. Let the children sing.
Image of smiling children from ShutterstockDig In to the Bible
- Read:Acts 16:1-4; 1 Timothy 4:6-16; 6:11-21; 2 Timothy 1:3-18
- In This Passage:On his travels, Paul meets a young man named Timothy. Timothy joins Paul in his missionary work. Later, Paul writes encouraging letters to Timothy, reminding him not to let anyone look down on him for being young. God loves every age, and any age can set an example!
- Bible Point:God loves every age.
- Summary Verse:“But we are citizens of heaven, where the Lord Jesus Christ lives. And we are eagerly waiting for him to return as our Savior” (Philippians 3:20).
- God loves every age. Some kids may feel like they’re limited in what they can do for God until they’re adults. Use this lesson to encourage them to set an example for other Christians in what they say, in how they live, through loving others, and through their pure faith.
- Think About:How have you seen God through your kids?
Dig In to Prayer
- Ask God to use your children now and every year of his or her life moving forward.SIRO系列-SIRO-4079在伊萨卡亚只有23岁的店员。
时间:63分钟:西罗-4079【/br/】シリーズ:【初步收集り】ネットでav。
今天的第一张照片是在伊萨卡亚工作的23岁的易毅拍摄的。她说她也喜欢喝酒，甚至私下里，她也会去工作的地方。“请温柔一点……”她可爱的请求，慢慢爱抚着她纤细的身体。卷起裙子，t的背上映出一个美丽柔软的屁股。我一脱衣服，就突然感到害羞。我对男孩的问题害羞地笑了笑，说:“不是讨厌……”，表现出可爱的反应。被带到胸前，开始呼气。如果继续玩美胸，会紧张放松，让它振动，做出诚实的反应。很容易感觉到她下半身性感带的无力，忍受男人戏的传递。然后，那个受不了的男人把他的肉棒插进她又湿又硬的肉棒里。一个男人摇着他的腰，就像她一丝不挂地躺在白色里，看起来很开心，感觉像玉桑。在镜子前，哈默汉姆用双手粗暴地让她变高。酒馆里女孩的白痴味道。..İngiltere’nin güneyinde Charlton kentinde sahte para soruşturması sırasında ele geçirilen 15’inci yüzyıl Ming vazosu, geçen Haziran ayında İsviçre’deki bir koleksiyondan bir organize suç grubu tarafından çalınmıştı. Vazo, Londra’nın güneyinde Charlton’da bir baskın sırasında ve sahte para ile ilgili bir soruşturmanın parçası olarak bulundu.
“ÖLÇÜLEMEZ BİR KÜLTÜREL DEĞERE SAHİPTİR”
Polis yaptığı açıklamada “Bu vazo yaklaşık 2,5 milyon sterlin (Yaklaşık 26 milyon TL) değerindedir, benzersizdir ve bu nedenle ölçülemez kültürel değere sahiptir. Zamanı gelince ülkesine geri gönderilecektir” dedi.QJ曲边叶桨式搅拌器是斜叶桨式的一种变型，桨底旋转面接近容器的椭圆面，桨叶平面与旋转垂直面又成倾角45，兼起刮板作用，多为低转速动行，可在过流或层流区操作。搅拌器内孔可按照客户要求定制。
本公司搅拌器品种繁多，在此列出具有代表性的种类，以作参考。
本公司可根据用户需要，进行搅拌系统的优化选型。根据用户的物料情况及工艺要求，为用户选择 优的搅拌方案，确定叶片类型、尺寸和形式、转速、电动机的功率、密封、轴径，及其它附件Pattaia—
Secondo quanto riferito, un leone cinese "sussurratore" ha lasciato che il suo cucciolo di leone domestico vagasse liberamente all'interno della sua zona residenziale a Pattaya, causando paura e preoccupazione tra i vicini.
La polizia di Nongprue e funzionari dell'Office of Conservation Area 2, Department of National Parks, and Wildlife and Plant Conservation hanno visitato una casa nel villaggio di Central Park Hill a Soi Thung Klom-Tan Man nel distretto di Banglamung dopo aver ricevuto uno strano rapporto su un " leone bianco” avvistato nel quartiere.
Le autorità sono arrivate in una casa a due piani e in effetti hanno trovato un leone bianco, ma era ancora solo un cucciolo che vagava all'interno della proprietà recintata. Un uomo cinese, il signor Shen Tai, 39 anni, si è presentato e ha dichiarato la proprietà della piccola bestia.
Secondo la polizia, il signor Shen ha prodotto documenti legali che dimostrano di aver comprato il leone per 500,000 baht da un uomo tailandese, il signor Yothin Nakorn, che possedeva un allevamento di leoni bianchi nella provincia di Chachoengsao. Tuttavia, l'uomo cinese non ha potuto mostrare una licenza necessaria per allevare un leone, che le autorità gli hanno consigliato di richiedere successivamente all'Office of Conservation Area 2, entro un lasso di tempo non reso noto.
Il dottor Pairot Promwatt, un veterinario che ha accompagnato le autorità, ha affermato che i leoni bianchi sono animali selvatici sotto la categoria di controllo "Kor (ก)" e sono considerati pericolosi. Pertanto, i proprietari devono avere un permesso per possederli e registrare correttamente la loro proprietà degli animali selvatici.
È possibile tenere un leone bianco come animale domestico in Thailandia, ma il proprietario deve ottenere i permessi necessari per la proprietà, ha detto il dottor Pairot, aggiungendo che anche un leone dovrebbe essere allevato in un'area riservata per evitare che causi danni alle persone.
Per ora, a Shen è stato permesso di mantenere la proprietà del leone e ha dichiarato che avrebbe ottenuto i permessi adeguati, con le autorità che hanno promesso di dare seguito.
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=–=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=خيال کردهايد آمدهايد به قلب پاريس؟ زرشک آبدار! می توانم قسم بخورم که بيشتر مردمی که من امشب ديدم، عرب بودند. احتمالا حضرات شيوخ رفته بودند "ليدو" و حاج خانمها هم طول خيابان را گز میکردند. دخترهای جوان عرب که هفتقلم آرايش کردهبودند و بوی تند عطرهایشان سگهاي بدبخت را فراری میداد.
ايفل اما امشب حسابی زيبا بود. روی پل منتهی به برج هم تا دلتان بخواهد صدای هموطنان را میشنوید..."مهرداد ذليل مرده...خودتو نندازی تو رودخونه مادر"..."حال امشب بريم يا که نريم"..."گرونه بابا بيخيال"..."عکس انداختی؟"...
از همه بامزهتر در مکدونالد وسط شانزهليزه بود. گمانم فقط ۱۰ در صد جماعت مویشان بور بود! البته آنها هم دختران عربی بودند که از رنگ مو استفاده کرده بودند!!
Labels: الشانزهليزهProvision of waste management services in the Torres Strait Island Regional Council footprint is uniquely challenging, noting that the Council serves 15 distinct communities, across 14 islands. Effective waste management is further complicated by Council operating across two biosecurity zones. Council aims to become less reliant on landfilling and to pilot an on-site waste management program that would invest in recycling, composting and responsible waste management.
Collaboration with Council and solution investment is urgently required to;
a. Address widespread legacy waste management issues, including management of historical landfills, stockpiling and environmental concerns.
b. Implement and operate complex, adaptable ongoing waste management solutions as identified in the Queensland Indigenous Waste Strategy and other planning exercises, including the identification of long term, cost-effective regional landfill solutions, treatment, logistics, recycling and disposal operations.
c. Reduce waste generation and landfill inputs by pursuing innovative and imaginative sustainability and circular economy initiatives, including in packaging and freight, local transport options, energy generation and material reuse.
Funding would enable establishment of a waste sorting and transfer station at Warraber, including a biotreatment system for organic waste as a test program for wider application. Council has actively researched contemporary waste management practices and the implementation of the new system will be an outcome of the Indigenous Waste Management Strategy. Establishment of transfer stations, bio-bins and processes across all communities will enable sorting of recyclables, composting organics and preparing general non-putrescible/non-recyclable wastes for further processing. Warraber would be a test waste site, with plans to roll out to the other communities
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tante iniziative promosse nei quasi due anni dalla scomparsa del ‘Kentucky Kid’, morto nel maggio 2017, investito da una macchina mentre si allenava in bicicletta a Misano Adriatico, e che hanno celebrato i suoi successi in pista, su tutti la vittoria del titolo iridato MotoGP nel 2006.
“È un grande onore ricevere questo riconoscimento – ha affermato Earl, padre di Nicky Hayden – Per me, in particolare è speciale perché il 69 era il mio numero di gara quando correvo ed ero molto orgoglioso che Nicky lo portasse nelle competizioni alle quali ha partecipato”. Il ritiro ufficiale del numero 69 avverrà durante il Red Bull Grand Prix of the Americas in programma dal 12 al 14 di aprile.Ayak Mantarı (onychomycosis) Amerikada 35 Milyondan fazla kişinin hayatını zorlaştıran zor bir hastalıktır. Bu (oksijensiz organizmalar dermatofitler adlandırılan çeşitli mikroorganizmalar tarafından) bu temelde keratinden meydana gelen bir hastalıktır. Mantar genellikle karanlık kuyu köşelerde ve neli yerlerde yaşayan bir hastalık çeşididir. Genellikle de sarı ve kuru bir şekilde ortaya çıkarlar.O leke ve mantar derin bir çivi içinde olmanın bir sonucudur.
Dermatofitler banyo ve havuz kenarlarında yaşayan organizmalardır.Eğer tırnak mantar için elde tedavi, en az iki ay içinde tamamen geri büyümeye yeni çivi için alabilir. Olan (lar) kaldırılması gerekmektedir tırnak Bazı durumlarda. Bu enfeksiyon, başarılı bir tedavi sonrasında yeniden çoğu kez.
Aşağıda ayak mantarlarının tedavisi için kullanılan yöntemelr anlatılmıştır.
olan ve en ayak tırnağı mantar yöntemi etkili ucuz bir tedavi. Davanızı ve şiddeti bağlı olarak, yerel eczacı için doktorunuza veya gidin ve mantar kaldırma hakkını özellikle sayaç bir krem veya merhem satın. Ürün etiketi üzerindeki talimatları uygulayın ve bu ilaçlar için mantar ortadan kaldırılması için zaman alacağını biliyoruz. Ek ayak tirnagi travma Küçült ve tutmak gibi ayak ve de kuru olarak yayılan gelen mantar önlemek mümkün açın. Ayakkabılarını kuru tutun ve çorap da aynı çifti giyim değil iki kez onları aklama olmadan.美国青少青肥胖问题日趋严重，这跟他们饮食中普遍存在蔬果和全麦食品摄取少，高脂高糖食品、碳酸饮料摄取多等有直接关系。
为此，2011年1月美国联邦政府通过“健康和不饥饿的儿童”议案，在全国中小学推行旨在加强儿童食品健康的学校早中餐标准。新标准增加了水果、蔬菜、低脂（1%）和无脂牛奶和全麦的比例，同时下降了高脂高糖高盐的食品。
其实，由美国农业部食品营养服务部门推出的美国中小学营养午饭计划，早在1946年就开始了，尔后1直在不断修正。该计划对中小学生逐日摄取的热量和营养元素都有明文规定。依照美国饮食指南所要求的，学生每餐通过脂肪摄取的卡路里不能超过30%，饮食中的饱和脂肪不能超过10%。为保证孩子们饮食多样化，最近几年来，这个计划还特别重视增加了新鲜果蔬和全麦食品。
如这次的修改中，就把原来要求的每天早饭吃半杯水果，增加到1杯；全麦食品本来只是鼓励，现在明确要求早、午饭中的谷物食品最少应有1半是全麦的。虽然牛奶仍建议每餐1杯，但要求饮用脂肪含量低于1%的低脂牛奶。另外，还特别减少了肉类的摄取，把每周（5天）1.5—3 盎司的标准下降到1.6—2.4 盎司（1公斤约等于35盎司） 。
学校食堂1般由专人负责，他们会定期收到农业部发来的营养搭配手册。该手册要求他们严格依照上面的营养搭配制作午饭，学区会派人进行监督。学生每个月的食谱，学校都会给家长1份，让家长了解孩子在学校都吃了甚么。
另外，美国学校还尽可能减少孩子接触“垃圾食品”的机会。美国前加州州长施瓦辛格在2005年就宣布制止加州学校自动售货机卖1些垃圾食品，杜绝在公立学校销售软饮料。安顺那家医院治疗牛皮癣好杭州治疗牛皮癣的医院有那些？河北那家医院治牛皮癣成果好With schools closing tomorrow (Wednesday, 18 March) until after Easter, parents are already wondering how they’re going to keep their children busy during the long break. Here are some ideas for keeping them entertained and learning.
1. Read it to me
Improve their reading skills with Bolo, a free app that works offline (no data or wifi needed once it’s downloaded). Targeted at primary grade children, Bolo is available in English and uses Google’s speech recognition and text-to-speech technology, to serve as a personalised reading tutor for kids. It encourages them to read out loud and then provides individual, customised feedback to help improve their reading capabilities.
2. Ask me anything
The Google Assistant is a very useful tool, and it likes to have fun as much as the next virtual assistant does. Just ask it to tell you a joke (it’s the uncontested champion of bad dad jokes) or play a game – even kids who can’t read can talk, and get hours of fun and giggles. You can see a list of ideas here.
3. Explore the world
YouTube Kids was created to help kids safely and simply explore the online video world through youtube. It includes curated selections of content, parental control features, filtering of videos deemed inappropriate and all of your kids’ favourites.
4. Play games
Google Play has a collection of games that are suited to the whole family – from colouring in to educational games, there’s something for everyone. It makes recommendations based on your recent activity, so as you use it more often it’ll give you more tailored suggestions for new games you might enjoy.
5. Translate me
Google Translate can help your kids improve their second language, or even learn a new one if they’re so inclined. It can translate from or to Afrikaans, English, Sesotho, Shona, isiXhosa, isiZulu and another 8 African languages as well as a host of languages from other parts of the world. To get something translated, you can speak, write, type a phrase, or aim your camera at any written text to get an instant translation.
Article supplied by GoogleBank Notes of the Second Bank of the United States
How many bank notes of the Second Bank of the United States were left after 1836 when the bank lost its charter?
The charter of the Second Bank of the United States, granted in 1816, expired in 1836 (President Jackson vetoed Congress' effort to recharter the bank), after which banking and the issuing of bank notes was not done by a central bank, but devolved upon thousands of state-chartered banks with minimal federal regulation. State laws were often so lax that almost anyone could issue bank notes.
Nevertheless, the state of Pennsylvania did renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United States, with Nicholas Biddle as its president, which issued bank notes under the name of the institution, but which was then only a state-chartered bank, even though the old bank's stock holders (except the U.S. government) voted to transfer the assets and liabilities of the old bank to the new one. The directors of the new bank decided not only to reissue the old bank notes, but also not to close the books of the old bank, but to continue them into the life of the new bank (it continued until 1841), which made it quite difficult later to disentangle the affairs of the defunct bank from those of the new one. One of the consequences was that the new Pennsylvania bank honored the notes issued by the old Bank of the United States. Because of that, other banks and individuals could also honor the old notes because the new bank would redeem them.
Reproductions of 1840 bank notes of the Second Bank of the United States, issued in Philadelphia by the state-chartered bank—the "Bank of the United States of Pennsylvania"—have lately been printed as "souvenirs" but are essentially worthless to numismatic collectors.
The original 1816 charter of the Second Bank of the United States limited the circulation of notes by the bank to $35 million, and required that no notes be issued in denominations less than $5. In practice, the bank never had more than $25 million in notes circulating, and most of the time much less, averaging for one period about $15 million.
In October 1836 (the Second Bank of the United States closed its doors in March of that year), its records showed that about $12 million notes were still in circulation, down from $24 million one year earlier (Cattrell, pps. 427, 512), with the average circulation for 1836 reckoned to have been about $21 million. The mixture of bill denominations in this total was not recorded, so it seems impossible to be certain of how many bills this represented.
Ralph Charles Henry Catterall, The Second Bank of the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1903.
Edward S. Kaplan, The Bank of the United States and the American Economy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999.
Peter Temin, The Jacksonian Economy. New York: Norton, 1969.Hakimler ar doldurmak nefret köpekler Kitap çok gratingly Köpek insanları irrasyonel bir kalabalık bakımı Neden kediler geçirmeniz için st doldurmak şey aynı oda mat nerede antiophthalmic faktör dünya düşünebiliyor musun-nig bu acınası zavallı Köpek kültürü Nasıl olacağını bana İve u defat axerophthol d kuyruk doldurmak için Şimdi çok çalışıyorum sayısız saat gitti sadece yetişkinler için oyunlar bon ton Köpek kültürümüzde kendine düşkünlük bir hastalık arsenik cin Bilgi Teknolojisi buluyorum mantıklı bir konuşma yapmak mümkün olmayacaktır demans al bu insanlar onlara hoş vakit geçirtmek ben üzgün bu Kadar berbat inekler
Rüzgar sırasında Nibbling ve acı verici bir öfke işaretidir. Bu yumuşak kötü ve çok sıcak-ar boyunca ne kadar ekşi olduğunu müjdelemek için bilemek dirsek odası. Kalifikasyon yaparken, Eşinizin axerophthol soft dentition ile yaptırım yapıp yapmadığına tanık olmak için Ethel Waters'ı test edin, dudakları boyunca hafifçe nibbling yapın. Ayrıca, diş sıralarınızı eşinizin omuzlarına, cildindeki sıcak sözlü öpücükler arasında hafifçe sürükleyebilirsiniz. 8. Yetişkinler için leprikon oyunları radikal-rahatlatıcı uyarılma deneyin.Blockchain seems to be ubiquitous in the tech world, with countless ways for people to monetize information. This growing field of technology is used to build decentralized networks, and so it provides a platform for consumers to have access to and monetize personal data. There is a market, however, where substantial value has not been capitalized upon, though it is one of the fastest growing. This market is genomic data - the information coded into genes.
Genetic information has increasingly immense value. The market capitalization in just 2010 was approximately $5.9 bln, analysts project growth to increase tenfold by 2020, crossing $60 bln. This growth rate has been driven largely by growth in genetic testing technology, diagnostics, and preimplantation genetic screening, all of which have developed faster than anyone could have possibly predicted.
Zenome is a new company seeking to open a genetic database for the genomic data of consumers. The company was founded by PhDs in molecular biology/biochemistry and bioinformatics.
When information is secret but valuable
The difficulty today is that genetic data are generally difficult to come by, and for good reason. Privacy issues have been a deep concern to both regulators and consumers, and a very few genetic companies have powerful control over much of the data available.
Storage centers for genomic corporations, government, science, medicine and pharmaceutical companies have strong control over much genomic information. These centers maintain strict regulations, both to comply with privacy controls, and to functionally dismiss the economic realities.
While consumers sometimes sign agreements allowing information to be used, only the consumer is able to process this information. Within this environment, management, privacy and value are difficult and complex.
Blockchain to the core
Blockchain technology is the most promising way to build a sustainable decentralized network. In fact, Blockchain seems to be ubiquitous in the tech world. In fact, the technology has become so popular that many projects have attempted to use Blockchain for things it isn’t good at.
The most interesting applications of Blockchain technology, however, are those that cannot be implemented without Blockchain. These applications rely heavily on its unique features. Blockchain is all about security and is the opposite of centralization, so we can expect the most useful applications to emerge in areas where excessive restrictions exist due to security concerns.
For Zenome, the idea is to build a Blockchain-based genomics platform, allowing for storing, exchanging and analyzing of genetic information. Because of the particular characteristics of Blockchain technology, Zenome has built an infrastructure where genetic data can be stored securely, and at the same time, be accessed by outside users who purchase the right to use certain data. This can be done without violating the security of the system.
Zenome’s goal is to create a platform for storing, exchanging and processing genetic information, built on top of a P2P-network.
Science, genetics, and the power of freedom
The new Zenome platform is a peer-to-peer network with a decentralized market on top of it. The industry can use the platform to safely store the massive data that genetic research provides. Blockchain technology allows that information to be securely held and safely accessed.
Second, the platform provides access for research to millions data points within the genetic spectrum which privacy otherwise restricts. The distributed ledger allows permissions to create the world's first DNA advertising network that will use Zenome.io technology, without compromising the data of the entire network. For example, users could opt to sell their data to Google, where they might receive advertisements relating to their genetic predispositions.
Lastly, the platform would allow users the chance to share this data, help science and receive compensation through platform tokens (see below). By allowing payments for information through a distributed ledger, Zenome will grant consumers freedom of choice in how they use their own genetic data.
ICO is coming
Zenome pre-sale has already begun. You can join it until October 24th. Consumers who participate in this portion of the sale will receive a 100% bonus of ZNA tokens. ZNA will be used on the ledger as an internal valuation mechanism. Zenome has a current crowdsale cap of $960,000.
Zenome makes it possible for consumers to advance science, make money and meet the needs of the scientific and advertising communities through the secure use and monetization of their genetic information, all at the same time.
Disclaimer. Cointelegraph does not endorse any content or product on this page. While we aim at providing you all important information that we could obtain, readers should do their own research before taking any actions related to the company and carry full responsibility for their decisions, nor this article can be considered as an investment advice.曼联17-18赛季主场长袖球衣559元 我不是AJJ 更新时间:2017年08月12日 00:04 购买直达 球衣浓缩了“红魔”历史上经典各款经典球衣的精华，新球衣采用简约的设计风格，并融入了阿迪达斯最新的技术理念。细节上，带纽扣的亨利领设计彰显优雅与前卫，白色的阿迪达斯胜利三条纹置于两肩。A quel tempo, circa sette anni fa, lavoravo per un altro datore di lavoro e vivevo in una città più piccola sulle colline a ovest di qui. Era una piccola azienda a conduzione familiare e in realtà ero quasi quello a pieno titolo, anche se il mio titolo di lavoro era solo di manager. Il proprietario era un invalido, sua moglie passava tutto il suo tempo a prendersi cura di lui, e la loro figlia, sebbene fosse ufficialmente la direttrice, passava la maggior parte del suo tempo ad allargare le gambe per una serie di cosiddetti fidanzati il cui unico "collegamento" con lei sembrava quella dei loro peni con la sua vagina. E il resto del tempo che ha passato a rendere la mia vita infelice, solo per dimostrare a se stessa che era al comando e lo sapeva.
Non c'è stato letteralmente un momento della giornata lavorativa in cui ero libero dalla minaccia che potesse improvvisamente passare per "controllare i conti", o emettere alcuni ordini inutili su ciò che dovremmo fare (inevitabilmente annullando il mio), e poi incolpandomi quando le cose andavano a rotoli, come inevitabilmente farebbero. Dal momento che non ha alcun ruolo importante in questa storia, e poiché fino ad oggi solo pensare a lei mi riempie di disprezzo e disgusto, non mi preoccuperò di inventare un nome per lei. Puoi pensare a lei come alla Cagna.
Una sera, ricordo, ero appena tornato a casa nel piccolo appartamento che avevo affittato (un affare molto più piccolo di quello che possiedo ora), spogliato nudo come al solito, ed ero effettivamente nella vasca da bagno quando ha chiamato al mio cellulare. Non avevo ancora allora pensato di assegnarle una suoneria (errore che ho rimediato subito dopo), e mi ha ordinato di guidare fino all'aeroporto. Secondo lei, un importante contatto d'affari doveva arrivare con un volo in ritardo e aveva bisogno di essere accolto, cenato e scortato al suo hotel.
Ora non solo ero da solo, e non in compagnia, il tempo, sapevo - dal momento che gestivo maledettamente bene il posto - che non c'era nessun "importante contatto d'affari" previsto. Volevo dirle di spingerlo e prenderlo lei stessa se voleva. Ma se l'avessi fatto, avrei cercato un nuovo lavoro prima della fine della settimana, e
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خ نحویون مصر بوده است. این کتاب جامع ترین تفسیری است که مشتمل بر نکات ادبی رایج است. (۱۲)تفسیر او شأن نزول ارتباط بین آیات و آیات کلامی و اعتقادی را بررسی و در مواردی آرای زمخشری را نقد و در تفسیر علمی آیات تردید کرده است. همچنین تفسیر او از اسرائیلیات به دور نمانده و در مواردی دست ساخته هایی از اسرائیلیات در آن موجود است. (۱۳)
۴٫ عنایه القاضی و کفایه الراضی علی تفسیر البیضاویتفسیر عنایه القاضی معروف به حاشیه خفاجی تألیف احمد بن محمد بن عمر شهاب الدین خفاجی مصری ( م ۱۰۶۹ق) به زبان عربی است که دارای مذهب حنفی بود. تفسیر او حاشیه ای از حواشی فراهم شده بر تفسیر بیضاوی است که به تفصیل به نکته های ادبی و بلاغی پرداخته و احتمالات واژه شناسی را به طور دقیق بررسی کرده است.او به صرف و نحو، معانی و بیان نکات و لطایف اشاری و باطنی قرآن نیز پرداخته است. خفاجی علاوه بر روایات، گفتار صحابه و تابعین را نیز ذکر کرده است. او معتقد است که مهم ترین وجه در اعجاز قرآن، نکات بلاغی و بیانی آن است که بی مانند و بی مثال است. آرامی کلامی را به تبع بیضاوی مطرح و نقد و بررسی کرده است. (۱۴)او در سرآغاز کتابش می گوید: « در میان تفسیرها، تفسیر بیضاوی از جایگاه بلندی برخوردار است. او با گرداوری زیباییها و دلپسندیهای کتاب، سنت و شریعت، از همگنان خود سبقت جسته است. » (15)وی قسمت زیادی از بخش اول تفسیر خود را به تحلیلهای نحوی یا اِعراب « بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم » که سوره های قرآن با آن آغاز می شود، و انسان مسلمان هر کاری را با آن آغاز می کند، اختصاص داده است.
۵٫ تفسیر القرآن الکریم و اعرابه و بیانهتألیف شیخ محمدعلی طه الدره، از معاصران اهل سنت و به زبان عربی است. تفسیر او به رغم گزیده و موجز بودن دربردارنده تمامی آیات است. طه الدره در تفسیر خود به ادبیات عرب و جهت گیری عربی بسیار توجه نموده و کلمات مشکل را از نظر اِعراب و قواعد صرفی و نحوی بررسی کرده است.او معتقد است که نخستین و مهم ترین گام در فهم قرآن، شناخت کلمات از نظر قواعد عربی است. لذا باید در تفسیر هر آیه، نخست، هر کلمه را از نظر لغت، اِعراب و صرف و نحو به طور دقیق بررسی کرد. طه الدره در تفسیر، به سبب نزول و فضیلت سور و قرائات نیز پرداخته و از پرداختن به آیات الاحکام و روایات به شکل مبسوط و اسرائیلیات خودداری کرده است. همچنین وجوه اِعراب کلمات را در سرتاسر آیات، به طور دقیق و محققانه بررسی کرده است. (۱۶)در دوره معاصر، گروهی به تفصیل بیشتر به بررسی مباحث اِعراب قرآن، پرداخته اند که کتاب الاعراب المفصل لکتاب الله المرتل از بهجت عبدالواحد صالح در شمار آنهاست.
نمونه هایی از تفسیر ادبی۱٫ در تفسیر جوامع الجامع ذیل آیه ۳ یوسف آمده است: « القَصَص » یکون مصدرا و یکون بمعنی المقصوص، کالنّقض و الحسب، فإن أرید المصدر فالمعنی: نحنُ نقُصُّ علیکَ احسن الاقتصاص « بِما اوحَینا إلیکَ » أی بایحائنا الیک هذه السّوره، فیکون « احسَنَ » نصبا علی المصدر لاضافته الی المصدر، و المراد باحسن الاقتصاص: أنّه اقتصّ علی ابدع اسلوب و احسن طریقه و اعجب نظم، و إن أرید ب « القصص » : المقصوص فالمعنی: نحن نقصّ علیک احسن ما یقصّ من الاحادیث فی بابه لما یتضمّن من النّکت و الحکم و العبر الّتی لیست فی غیرها (۱۷).۲٫ در آیه ۷ آل عمران در جوامع الجامع آمده است: و بعضهم یقف علی « إلا اللهُ » و یبتدی « و الرّاسخونَ فی العلْمِ یقولُونَ آمنّا بهِ » و یفسّرون المتشابه بأنّه ما استأثر بعلمه، و الاول اوجه، و هو المرویّ عن الباقر- علیه السلام – قال: کان رسول الله – صلی الله علیه و آله – افضل الرّاسخین فی العلم، و « یقولونَ » کلام مستأنف موضح لحال الرّاسخین. (۱۸)
پینوشتها:
۱٫ معرفت، تفسیر و مفسران، ج۲، ص ۳۰۸٫۲٫ صدوق، خصال، ص ۲۵۸؛ طوسی، استبصار، ج۲، ص ۲۰٫۳٫ علوی مهر، روشها و گرایشهای تفسیری، ص ۲۵۷٫۴٫ کلینی، الکافی، ج۳، ص ۳۰، ح۴٫۵٫ رجبی، روش تفسیر قرآن،ص ۸۱٫۶٫ جوادی، دایره المعارف تشیع، ج۴، ص ۵۰۶؛ زرکلی، الاعلام، ج۱، ص ۱۸۴٫۷٫ جوادی، دایره المعارف تشیع، ج۵، ص ۹۳٫۸٫ شهیدی صالحی، « مقاله التحصیل فی مختصر التفصیل » ، فصلنامه بینات، سال پنجم، شماره ۱۸، ص ۱۶۴٫۹٫ همان، ص ۱۶۵٫۱۰٫ همان، ص ۱۶۶٫۱۱٫ ایازی، التفسیر و المفسرون، ص ۴۱۸٫۱۲٫ علوی مهر، روشها و گرایشهای تفسیری، ص ۲۶۰٫۱۳٫ خرمشاهی، دانشنامه، ص ۶۷۲؛ ذهبی، التفسیر و المفسرون، ج۱، ص ۳۱۸٫۱۴٫ ایازی، المفسرون، ص ۵۱۸٫۱۵٫ خفاجی، حاشیه الشهاب، ج۱، ص ۲٫۱۶٫ ایازی، المفسرون، ص ۳۱۹٫۱۷٫ جوامع الجامع، ص ۲-۱۷۵٫۱۸٫ همان، ص ۱-۶۰٫منبع مقاله :مؤدب، سیدرضا؛ (۱۳۹۲)، روشهای تفسیر قرآن، تهران: سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاهها(سمت)، چاپ اولUnion Forces Defeat Santee and Teton Sioux Forces at the Battle of Big Mound
Description: Brig. Gen.
Henry Hastings Sibley led his troops from Fort Ridgely, Minnesota, into the Dakotas, pursuing the Santee Sioux, who had initiated an uprising in the Minnesota River Valley in August 1862. The Santee had joined forces with the Teton Sioux. Having marched all day on July 24, 1863, Sibley’s scouts, around 1:00 pm, reported that they had spotted a large Native American camp a few miles away. Sibley established a camp on a nearby salt lake and set his men to entrenching it for protection. While in the process of making camp, numerous Native Americans appeared expressing friendship. A number of them approached the scouts gathered about 300-400 yards from the camp and began talking with them. Surgeon Josiah S. Weiser, 1st Regiment Minnesota Mounted Rangers, joined the assembly, but soon afterwards a Sioux shot and killed him. The scouts attempted to kill the attacker but he escaped. Native Americans who had hidden behind the surrounding ridges now emerged and attacked. In detachments, the soldiers went out to meet the Native Americans. Sibley, with some men, approached the “Big Mound” on the opposite side of the ravine. He attempted to dislodge those Sioux who were on the upper part of the large ravine firing at the infantry and cavalry with impunity. The Union forces displaced these and other well-placed Sioux in the surrounding ridges by accurate artillery fire and forced them into the broken prairie where they fled in confusion. The mounted troops, with some of the infantry and artillery following, set out in pursuit. A running battle ensued for the rest of the day. Before dark, the soldiers broke off the pursuit and returned to camp as previously ordered, some not arriving until the next morning. The Sioux forces were broken and dispirited.
The Battle of Big Mound was a United States Army victory over the combined Santee and Teton Sioux forces in the Dakota Territory.
After suppressing the Dakota War of 1862, Henry Hastings Sibley was appointed brigadier general of volunteers. Sibley departed from Fort Ridgely and marched into the Dakotas after the Santee Sioux who had led the uprising. In the Dakota Territory, the Santee were joined by the Teton Sioux.Behavioral Economics is the combination of psychology and economics that investigates what happens in markets in which some of the agents display human limitations and complications. We begin with a preliminary question about relevance. Does some combination of market forces, learning and evolution render these human qualities irrelevant? No. Because of limits of arbitrage less than perfect agents survive and influence market outcomes. We then discuss three important ways in which humans deviate from the standard economic model. Bounded rationality reflects the limited cognitive abilities that constrain human problem solving. Bounded willpower captures the fact that people sometimes make choices that are not in their long-run interest. Bounded self-interest incorporates the comforting fact that humans are often willing to sacrifice their own interests to help others. We then illustrate how these concepts can be applied in two settings: finance and savings. Financial markets have greater arbitrage opportunities than other markets, so behavioral factors might be thought to be less important here, but we show that even here the limits of arbitrage create anomalies that the psychology of decision making helps explain. Since saving for retirement requires both complex calculations and willpower, behavioral factors are essential elements of any complete descriptive theory.
|Date of creation:||Oct 2000|
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|Publication status:||published as International Encyclopedia of SocialSciences, Pergamon Press, 1st edition, October 1, 2001: 1094-1100.|
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"Noise Trader Risk in Financial Markets,"
3725552, Harvard University Department of Economics.
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"Labor Supply of New York City Cabdrivers: One Day at a Time,"
The Quarterly Journal of Economics,
Oxford University Press, vol. 112(2), pages 407-441.
- Camerer, Colin & Babcock, Linda & Loewenstein, George & Thaler, Richard, 1996. "Labor Supply of New York City Cab Drivers: One Day At A time," Working Papers 960, California Institute of Technology, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences.
- John Haltiwanger & Michael Waldman, 1983.
"Rational Expectations and the Limits of Rationality: An Analysis of Heterogeneity,"
UCLA Economics Working Papers
303, UCLA Department of Economics.
- Haltiwanger, John & Waldman, Michael, 1985. "Rational Expectations and the Limits of Rationality: An Analysis of Heterogeneity," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 75(3), pages 326-40, June.
- Shefrin, Hersh & Statman, Meir, 1985. " The Disposition to Sell Winners Too Early and Ride Losers Too Long: Theory and Evidence," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 40(3), pages 777-90, July.
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" Investor Sentiment and the Closed-End Fund Puzzle,"
Journal of Finance,
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If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.رئیس هیئت مدیره انجمن رانندگان کامیون های یخچال دار استان تهران معتقد است در ایران رانندگان عمومی، تاوان کوتاهی و سوء مدیریت بعضی از مسئولان را می پردازند.
به گزارش تین نیوز، عبدالله خانعلی این مطلب را به دنبال وقوع حوادث اخیر اتوبوس های مسافربری که موجب توجهبیش از پیش افکار عمومی به موضوع تصادفات رانندگی شده است، بیان کرد و گفت: مسئولیت حوادث جاده ای در ایران بر عهده کدام ارگان، سازمان یا شخص است؟ سازمان راهداری، پلیس راهور ناجا، خودروسازان، مجموعه دولت و مجلس یا راننده؟
وی افزود: متاسفانه همه مسئولانی که در حوادث جاده ای به صورت مستقیم و غیر مستقیم دخیل و مسئول هستند، به محض وقوع حادثه به خصوص حوادثی که افکار عمومی جامعه نسبت به آن حساسیت بیشتری از خود نشان می دهد، خود را کنار کشیده و به گونه ای برخورد و اظهار نظر می کنند که گویا خودشان هیچ نقشی در این حوادث نداشته و مقصر نیستند.
بیشتر بخوانید:
او عنوان کرد: این دسته از مسئولان هر چه مسئولیت بیشتری داشته باشند جبهه گیری شدید تری هم می کنند، حتی قبل از صدور نظر کارشناسی پلیس و مراجع قضایی حکم محکومیت و ابطال پروانه فعالیت و منشاء درآمد خانواده راننده را صادر می کنند.
خانعلی تاکید کرد: در ایران بهترین و ساده ترین کار برای فرار از قبول مسئولیت از نظر مسئولان مقصر جلوه دادن راننده بی دفاع و بی پناه است، حال آن که در کشورهای پیشرفته و توسعه یافته در صورت بروز حادثه کارشناسان متخصص و مجرب متعدی از ارگان های مختلف از صحنه تصادف بازدید به عمل می آورند و هر کدام نسبت به حوزه تخصصی خود موضوع را ارزیابی و در گزارش خود ضمن رعایت اصل بی طرفی اظهار نظر نموده و تقصیر هر بخش در حادثه را به نسبت درصد دقیق مشخص می کنند.
رئیس هیئت مدیره انجمن رانندگان کامیون های یخچال دار استان تهران افزود: در کدامیک از حوادث جاده ای ایران، ارگان ها ، سازمان های دولتی و مسئولان را در بروز حوادث مقصر شناخته اند؟
وی تاکید کرد: در کشوری که سازمان مسئول، بر خلاف عنوان و مسئولیت ذاتی خود که حفظ و نگهداری جاده است نسبت به نگهداری جاده ها بی تفاوت است و در هنگام ساخت، جاده ها ارتباط خوبی با پل، تونل، زاویه مهندسی پیچ ها و شیب مجاز ندارند، در کشوری که سازمان راهداری و پلیس راهور آن با کار علمی و کارشناسی رابطه خوبی ندارند، در کشوری که به بهانه حمایت از تولید کننده، صادر کننده، صاحبان کالا، شرکت های حمل اجازه حمل بار بیش از ظرفیت مجاز را به ناوگان باری می دهند و جاده ها را تخریب می کنند، آیا هیچ ارگانی در انجام وظایف خود کوتاهی و قصوری نکرده و فقط راننده مقصر است؟
او ادامه داد: در کشوری که سازمان راهداری آن بخشنامه کارشناسی شده ابعاد و اوزان وزیر راه و شهرسازی را که سال 97 صادر شده است، اجرا نکرده و از ابتدای سال
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THE FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST
7. Argia tibialis (Rambur). Pond Creek, May 3, 1942. Only two
specimens, both males, were taken during these collections. Further col-
lection, especially later in the summer, would undoubtedly produce greater
numbers of this species.
8. Nehalennia integricollis Calvert. Taken only at Pond B on May 23,
1942. This species was common at this pond, being found both in the
heavily shaded area and in the open.
9. Teleallagma daeckii (Calvert). Taken only at Pond B on May 23,
1942. Two males and one female (one pair in copula) were caught and
several others were seen but were not taken because of the briars. This
was our first encounter with T. daeckii and we hope for more. It is a
beautiful and stately insect in flight.
10. Enallagma civil (Hagen). Pond A, May 15, 1942; Pond B, May
23, 1942. Fairly common around the ponds and evidently a pond-lake spe-
11. Enallagma weewa Byers. A single male was taken at Pond Creek
on May 23, 1942. Further collection in the Florala area, especially later
in the season, will undoubtedly show this species to be much more abun-
dant and widespread. Further collecting should also disclose other species
of Enallagma in the area.
12. Ischnura posita (Hagen). Taken throughout the area and even
invading the towns. Never really abundant but always present, the great-
est number being seen around Lake Jackson.
13. Anomalagrion hastatum (Say). Lake Jackson, April 29 and May
3, 1942; Svea, May 12, 1942; Pond A, May 16, 1942; in Florala and Lock-
hart, May 1942; Pond B, May 23, 1942. A widespread but not common
14. Progomphus obscurus (Rambur). Natural Bridge Creek (2
males), May 16, 1942; Pond Creek (1 male), May 23, 1942. This was the
only gomphine seen during our collections. We were surprised to find no
members of the genus Gomphus, as all the streams examined appeared to
be excellent habitats for this group. Further collections will probably
produce additional species.
15. Anax junius (Drury). Lake Jackson, May 3, 1942; Svea, May 15
and 20, 1942; Flemming Creek, May 23, 1942; in Florala and Lockhart,
16. Nannothemis bella (Uhler). Flemming Creek, May 23, 1942.
Flemming Creek at this point consists of a meandering stream, with sev-
eral small falls, heavily shaded by trees along its course and bordered
by a marshy area abounding in pitcher plants. Where it meets the high-
way there is a large marshy area traversed by a drainage ditch which
empties into the creek. Considerable numbers of N. bella were found in
the marshy area bordering the ditch and along the ditch itself. None were
found along the creek or in the bordering marshes. N. bella seemed limited
to within a few yards of the water, none being taken more than several
VOL. XXVI-No. 3 51
feet away. They flew up and down the ditch and perched on the waterside
and emergent vegetation.
17. Celithemis elisa (Hagen). Only one specimen, a male, of this
species was taken during this study, and that from Pond A on May 16,
18. Libellula auripennis Burmeister. Pond Creek, May 3 and 23, 1942;
Svea, May 15, 1942; Flemming Creek, May 23, 1942; in Florala and Lock-
hart, May 1942; Pond B, May 23, 1942. This was a widespread but un-
common species. Along the Gulf coast it is the most abundant member of
the genus and in many places is the dominant species of the area. Around
Florala, however, it has lost out to L. semifasciata.
19. Libellula semifasciata Burmeister. Found throughout the locale.
A very common species but preferring the open areas. Around Lake Jack-
son numbers were taken while perching on canes. They were nervous and
would take flight at the slightest movement of the collector. Frequently,
after a short circular flight, they would return to the same perch or to a
cane close by. Many specimens were obtained by waiting for the dragonfly
at the perch it had just vacated.
20 and 21. Libellula vibrans Fabricius and L. incesta Hagen. Pond A,
May 16, 1942; Pond B, May 23, 1942. These are shade-loving species. A
few individuals of each were taken in the wooded areas around the two
22. Libellula flavida Rambur. Two males were taken at Flemming
Creek on May 23, 1942.
23. Plathemis lydia (Drury). Lake Jackson, April 29 and May 3,
1942. This is a muddy-pond breeder and a few adults were seen about the
swampy areas bordering Lake Jackson. This species is undoubtedly more
abundant and widespread than is here indicated.
24. Pachydiplax longipennis (Burmeister). Found throughout the
area, never reaching the abundance noted along the Gulf coast.
25. Erythemis simplicicollis (Say). Taken throughout the area in
company with P. longipennis. This species also proved to be an uncommon
26. Erythrodiplax connata minuscule (Rambur). Three males and
two females of this species were taken along the edge of Pond B on May 23,
27. Sympetrum ambiguum (Rambur). A single general female was
collected at Lake Jackson on May 3, 1942. This is an interesting record as
the species was found by the writer in his study of Central Gulf Coast
Odonata to be a shade-loving form that appeared in late summer and lasted
until the first frost of winter. All of the species in the genus Sympetrum
are recorded as autumnal dragonflies. The writer wishes to thank Mrs.
Leonora K. Floyd, Chicago Academy of Sciences, for help in determining
28. Tramea carolina (Linnaeus). A not uncommon species found
throughout the area.If you look at an incandescent light in a spectroscope, you’ll see a broad and continuous range of light emitted over a large portion of the visible spectrum. This combination of colors looks white to us. At the other extreme, laser light generally consists of just a tiny slice of the frequency spectrum, and so it appears highly monochromatic. The laser light is not literally mathematically all of the exact same frequency, instead it’s distributed closely about the laser frequency according to some probability distribution that can vary depending on the specifics of the laser.
Very frequently that distribution is not the Gaussian distribution with its famous bell curve of yore. Instead, it might be the Lorentz distribution (also known by the mathematicians as the Cauchy distribution). It’s our Sunday Function, and when normalized it’s expressed in the following way:
The constants x0 and gamma represent the center and width (more on that in a second), and if we set the former to 0 and the latter to 1 we can plot a representative example:
So, what’s the variance and standard deviation of this distribution? If you do the integral to find out, you’ll run into the brick wall that makes this distribution so weird. The integral diverges, and so the variance is undefined. So are all the higher moments of the distribution. In fact to be technical, the mean itself isn’t defined, though we can take the center x0 of the distribution to more or less fill the same role in some cases. The parameter gamma represents the width at half-maximum, which is the best we can do in terms of quantifying width without a standard deviation.
This is a pretty seriously weird situation to see for a physically realized probability distribution, as failure to have those higher moments causes the distribution to fail the criteria for much of what we think of as “standard” behavior for probability. For instance, the central limit theorem doesn’t apply to the Lorentz distribution.
Weirder, the strong law of large numbers doesn’t apply either. If you didn’t know x0, you might want to estimate it by taking a large number of samples and averaging them. If you did this, you’d find out that no matter how many samples you took, the average of those samples would refuse to settle down and converge. The uncertainty of the sample mean stays the same no matter how many times you sample. It’s seriously bizarre.
In math as in life, we like to pretend that the things we encounter are well-behaved and play by the rules to which we’re accustomed. In math as in life, they don’t always oblige us.مطالعات مربوط به قوم گرایی، ناسیونالیسم، هویتهای ملی و قومی در سالهای پایانی قرن بیستم شاهد نقطه ی عطفی در طول تاریخ خود در رشته های مختلف علوم اجتماعی بوده است، این مهم زمانی آشکار میشود که حجم مطالعات مربوط به پدیده ی ناسیونالیسم و مفاهیم هم پیوند با آن را در نظر آوریم. آنتونی اسمیت یکی از مهمترین نظریهپردازان این حوزه معتقد است:«به روز بودن و در جریان آخرین انتشارات این زمینه قرار داشتن کاملا غیر ممکن شده است»(اسمیت، ۱۹۹۸، به نقل از اوزکریملی، ۱۷: ۱۳۸۳)
شکل گیری دولت های مستقل جدید بر اساس اشتراکات قومی- زبانی پس از فروپاشی اتحاد جماهیر شوروی و افزایش درگیری های فاجعه بار قومی در نقاط مختلف جهان از جمله یوگسلاوی، سومالی و غیره را می توان به عنوان مهم ترین دلایل رشد مطالعات مربوط به ناسیونالیسم و قوم-گرایی برشمرد، همچنین افول کلان روایت ها و افزایش انتقادهایی که از رویکردهای مبتنی بر ایده ی پیشرفت و تکامل تاریخی شکل گرفت راه را برای طرح جدی مسائل مربوط به ناسیونالیسم گشود، ناسیونالیسمی که در چند دهه ی اخیر بیشتر حول مباحثی همچون هویت قومی و اقلیت های زبانی رشد پیدا کرده است.
نوشتههای مرتبط
ظهور ناسیونالیسم به عنوان پدیده ای اجتماعی- سیاسی همزاد است با تاسیس موج اول دولت-های ملی در اواخر قرن هیجدهم و اوایل قرن نوزدهم، اما در نظر گرفتن آن به عنوان امری به لحاظ فکری مسئله برانگیز مربوط به دهه های ۳۰-۱۹۲۰ است که ناسیونالیسم با آثار پیشگام مورخانی چون کارلتون هیز،هانس کوهن و…به موضوع پایدار پژوهش های آکادمیک تبدیل شد(اوزکریملی، ۱۳۸۳: ۱۱)
یکی از دلایل مهمی که مانع ایجاد پژوهش های گسترده ی نظری در باب ناسیونالیسم در دهه های آغازین حیات جامعه شناسی شده بود را می توان به رویکردهای نظری غالب که عمدتا متاثر از آثار و اندیشه های متفکران کلاسیک جامعه شناسی بود نسبت داد. رویکردهای روش شناسانه و معرفت شناسانه ای که متاثر از مدل های نظری و چارچوبهای کلان نگرِ برآمده از سنت مارکسی و دورکیمی در جامعه شناسی بودند، ناسیونالیسم را به عنوان یکی از گفتمان ها یا پدیده های دوره ی گذار به حساب می آوردند. تلقی خطی و تکاملی از تاریخ، در نظر گرفتن جامعه به عنوان واقعیتی بیرون از فرد و ادعای کشف قوانین جهان شمول در مورد جامعه و تاریخ از جمله ویژگی های مهم این رویکردها بودند. بر اساس خوانشی که پیروان ارتدکس مارکس از وی داشتند مهمترین ویژگی همه جوامع اعصار بشری تضاد طبقاتی بوده است که در دوره ی سرمایه داری نیز همچنان تداوم خواهد داشت، بر این اساس اقتصاد مهمترین عامل در تعیین خصلت جوامع مختلف است و زیربنایی است که سایر عوامل دیگر مانند دین، ایدئولوژی، فرهنگ و غیره به عنوان روبنا بر آن سوار هستند، بنابراین ناسیونالیسم و هویتهای ملی و قومی در قالب روبنای جامعه قرار میگیرند و پدیدههایی حاشیه ای به حساب میآیند که نمیتوانند عاملی تاثیر گذار در تحولات جوامع به حساب آیند. از نظر دورکیم نیز جوامع از نوع همبستگی مکانیکی که در آن قرابتهای خونی، احساس تعلق به خاک، پرستش اجداد و در کل سنت و وجدان جمعی عوامل وحدت بخش اجتماع هستند به سوی شکل دیگری از همبستگی حرکت میکنند که در آن وجدان جمعی و تعلقات سنتی جای خود را به تقسیم کار میدهد، بنابراین در جامعه ای که همبستگی آن از نوع ارگانیکی و مبتنی بر تقسیم کار و مکمل بودن نقشها است ناسیونالیسم نمی تواند عامل مهمی در مناسبات اجتماعی به شمار آید.
در اواسط قرن بیستم دگرگونی هایی در حوزه های معرفت شناسی و روش شناسی به وجود آمدند. این دگرگونی ها پیامد شکاکیت به جامعه شناسی اثباتی و جبرگرایی اقتصادی در علوم اجتماعی بودند. یکی از وجوه بارز این تحولات توجه به عناصر ی بود که پیشتر تحت عنوان روبنا شناخته می شدند و در زمره ی عوامل مهم جهت تبیین پدیده های اجتماعی به شمار نمی آمدند، به طور خلاصه می توان گفت اموری که پیشتر حاشیه ای بودند به متن آمدند. ناسیونالیسم نیز به عنوان پدیده ای که قبلا عنصری روبنایی به حساب می آمد تحت تاثیر تحولاتی که ذکر شد به عنوان عاملی مهم در شکل گیری و فروپاشی دولت ها و یکی از مهمترین منابع هویت بخشی برای افراد مورد توجه قرار گرفت. طی سالهای اخیر ناسیونالیسم و قوم گرایی جایگاه خود را در میان موضوعات مختلف علوم اجتماعی پیدا کرده است به طوری که بسیاری بر این عقیدهاند که در این زمینه از لحاظ کمی و کیفی رشد قابل ملاحظه ای وجود داشته است (بالمر و سولوموز، ۱۳۸۱؛ اسمیت و هاچینسون، ۱۳۸۶؛ احمدی، ۱۳۷۸)
در عرصهی داخلی نیز می توان گفت که بحث ملیت، هویت و قومیت در دههی اخیر به یکی از موضوعات مهم و مطرح در مطالعات علوم اجتماعی ایران تبدیل شده است(احمدی، ۱۳۸۸: ۲). مطالعات مربوط به ناسیونالیسم و قوم گرایی از طرفی تحت تاثیر تحولات و پدیده های اجتماعی-سیاسی داخلی قرار داشته است، و از دیگر سو متاثر از دگرگونی های جهان اندیشه و تفکر اجتماعی بوده است. تشکیل دولت مدرن در اویل قرن بیستم، رخداد انقلاب اسلامی در سال ۵۷ و همچنین تاثیرات ناشی از جهانی شدن در سال های اخیر را میتوان از جمله اتفاقات و تحولات مهم در عرصهی اجتماعی و سیاسی برشمرد که بر مباحثِ ملیت، قومیت و هویت در ایران اثرگذار بودهاند.
حاصل تاملات و تحقیقات انجام شده در این حوزه ی مطالعاتی، سبب پدید آمدن ادبیاتی تقریبا گسترده در ارتباط با موضوع قوم گرایی و ناسیونالیسم شده است؛ لذا مطالعه ی علمی این موضوع مستلزم توجه به تحقیقات قبلی در این زمینه نیز می باشد، تا به نواقص موجود در کارهای قبلی آگاهی حاصل شود و در صورت امکان، با استفاده از رویکردهای جدید، مشکلات قبلی برطرف گردد. واضح است که شرط متحقق شدن این دو، داشتن رویکردی نقادانه به مطالعات قبلی می باشد. در ادامه بحث تلاش شده است به نواقص عمده کارهای تجربی و نظری موجود درباره ی ناسیونالیسم در ایران اشاره شود. مرور اجمالی برخی از تحقیقات انجام گرفته در این حوزه نشان می دهد که رویکرد سیاسی- ایدئولوژیک در بررسی ناسیونالیسم و قوم گرایی از یک طرف و همچنین سلطه ی منطق تعمیمی- تطبیقی (توفیق، ۱۳۸۸) یا «آفت تئوری زدگی» (احمدی، ۱۳۸۸) از جمله نواقص عمده ی مطالعات پیشین بودهاند.
دربارهی مورد اول یعنی رویکرد ایدئولوژیک- سیاسی باید گفت که معمولا آرزوها، امیدها و انتظارات اخلاقی پژوهشگر تصوری از جامعه ی مطلوب و آرمانی مورد نظر وی را به الگویی برای بررسی لحظه ی حال تبدیل میکند، در این نوع از نگاه معمولا شکل خاصی از نظم که همان نظم مطلوب مورد نظر محقق است به عنوان نظم هنجارمند، و وضعیتهای ناهمخوان با آن به عنوان بحران در نظر گرفته میشود. در اینجاست که اعتقادات و باورهای اجتماعی به طور آشکار در تحلیل های علمی نفوذ می کند. برای مثال حمید رضا جلایی پور در کتاب «کردستان و علل تداوم بحران آن پس از انقلاب اسلامی» یکی از سوال های اصلی خود را اینگونه صورت بندی کرده است : «… چرا کردستان که از برخی جهات مانند تفاوت های قومی و مذهبی، محرومیتهای اقتصادی، مرزی بودن و … با سایر اقوام مرز نشین کم و بیش همانند است، به صورت بحرانی مستمر مطرح بوده است» (جلایی پور، ۱۳۷۲: ۴). واضح است که اینگونه طرح پرسش کردن از یک موضوع یا پدیده ی اجتماعی منجر به درک و فهمِ نظم درونی و درکِ دگرگونی پدیده مورد نظر نخواهد شد زیرا پس پشتِ این نوع از سوالات، منظر ی هنجاری و تجویزی نهفته است که برگرفته از ایدئولوژی و علایق سیاسی محقق میباشد. نوربرت الیاس (۱۳۹۲) برای حل اینگونه مسائل به لزوم تفکیک و تمایز بین فاصله گرفتن
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ماشین به نقطه 1 حرکت می کند که با مکان X1 و زمان t1 تعریف می شود. جرم و سرعت اتومبیل در طول سفر به مقادیر m1 و v1 تغییر می کند. قانون دوم نیوتن به ما کمک می کند اگر مقدار نیروی عمل کننده را بدانیم ، مقادیر جدید m1 و v1 را تعیین کنیم.
با توجه به تفاوت بین نقطه 1 و 0 ، برای نیروی وارد بر ماشین معادله ای به شرح زیر بدست می آوریم:
F = m1v1 − m0v0t1 − t0
بگذارید جرم ثابت باشد. این فرض برای اتومبیل خوب است زیرا تنها تغییر در جرم سوخت سوزانده شده بین نقطه “1” و “0” است. وزن سوخت احتمالاً نسبت به وزن بقیه ماشین کم است ، مخصوصاً اگر فقط به تغییرات کوچک در زمان نگاه کنیم. در همین حال ، اگر ما در مورد پرواز موشک بطری بحث می کردیم ، آنگاه جرم ثابت نمی ماند و فقط می توانیم تغییرات حرکت را بررسی کنیم.
برای توده ثابت
برای یک جرم ثابت ، قانون دوم نیوتن را می توان به صورت زیر برابر کرد:
F = mv1 − v0t1 − t0
می دانیم که شتاب به عنوان تغییر سرعت تقسیم بر تغییر در زمان تعریف می شود.
سپس قانون دوم به فرم آشنا تر به شرح زیر تقلیل می یابد:
F = کارشناسی ارشد
معادله فوق به ما می گوید اگر جسمی در معرض نیروی خارجی قرار گیرد و مقدار نیرو مستقیماً با شتاب متناسب و معکوس با جرم جسم باشد ، شتاب می گیرد.
Net Force چیست؟
یک نیروی خالص ΣF مجموع تمام نیروهای وارد بر یک بدن است. به عبارت دقیق تر ، مجموع بردار تمام نیروهایی است که بر روی یک بدن وارد می شوند.
محاسبه نیروی خالصی که بر یک اسب وارد می شود
دو نیرو به بزرگی 30 N و 20 N را در نظر بگیرید که به ترتیب در سمت راست و چپ بر روی اسب نشان داده شده در تصویر اعمال می شوند. اگر جهت راست را مثبت فرض کنیم ، می توان نیروی خالص روی اسب را به صورت زیر محاسبه کرد:
∑F = 30N − 20N = 10N
∑F = 10 شبانه
کاربرد قانون دوم
اعمال قانون دوم حرکت را می توان در شناسایی مقدار نیروی مورد نیاز برای حرکت یک جسم یا متوقف کردن آن مشاهده کرد. در زیر چند نمونه ذکر شده است که برای کمک به شما در درک این نکته ذکر شده است:
لگد زدن به توپ
وقتی یک توپ را لگد می زنیم ، در جهتی خاص که همان جهتی است که حرکت می کند ، اعمال نیرو می کنیم. علاوه بر این ، هرچه توپ بیشتر لگد بزند ، نیرویی که به آن وارد می کنیم ، قویتر است و دورتر حرکت می کند.
هل دادن گاری
هل دادن یک گاری خالی در یک سوپرمارکت آسانتر از هل دادن یک کالای بارگیری شده است. جرم بیشتر برای سرعت بخشیدن به نیروی بیشتری نیاز دارد.
دو نفر راه می روند
در بین دو نفری که راه می روند ، اگر یکی از دیگری سنگین تر باشد ، آن شخصی که وزن بیشتری دارد ، کندتر راه می رود زیرا شتاب فرد با وزن سبک تر بیشتر است.
نگاهی به قانون دوم حرکت نیوتن که در کلاسهای BYJU تدریس می شود ، مشاهده کنید.Uçucu yağlara alerjik reaksiyon: Yardım!
Temiz Güzellik / / March 19, 2021
Kennedy’nin ve diğerlerinin tepkisinin arkasındaki suçlu, ortaya çıkıyor, belli, masum görünen doğal bir özden kaynaklanıyor: tokoferol olarak da bilinen E vitamini. Yani aslında uçucu yağlara alerjik bir reaksiyon gösterdi… ki bu aslında oldukça yaygındır.
Kennedy, "Çok uzun zamandır doğal ürünler kullandığım için ilginç" diyor. "İnsanlar uçucu yağların çok güzel ve doğal olduğunu düşünüyor, ancak çok fazla iyi şeye sahip olabilirsiniz." Aslında, tokoferol (bir örnek olarak), Kuzey Amerika 80 Kapsamlı Serisi, en yaygın alerjilerin bir listesi - ayrıca listede çay ağacı yağı ve ylang ylang. Ancak bu, tüm doğal özlerin potansiyel olarak kızarıklığa neden olabileceği anlamına mı geliyor?
"İnsanlar uçucu yağların çok güzel ve doğal olduğunu düşünüyor, ancak çok fazla iyi şeye sahip olabilirsiniz."
Kennedy (phew), "Her uçucu yağın kötü olduğu gibi değil" diyor. "Sadece insanların güçlü olduklarına saygı duymaları gerekiyor. Her şeyin içindedirler ve onları ne kadar çok kullanırsanız, bir tür tepki alma olasılığınız o kadar artar. "
İlgili Öyküler
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Bir dermatoloğa bunu sorduğumda, E vitamininin normalde iyi tolere edildiğine dikkat çekti - ancak başka bir cilt sorununa neden olduğunu gördü. New York merkezli bir dermatolog olan Joshua Zeichner, "E vitamini genellikle düşük bir alerjik reaksiyon insidansına sahiptir" diyor. "Yağda çözünen bir vitamin olduğundan, E vitamini kullanan hastalarda gördüğüm en büyük sorun sivilcelerdir." Bununla birlikte, en yaygın olanı söylüyor uçucu yağlara cilt reaksiyonu bir tahriştir - "özellikle yağlar seyreltilmemişse." Ayrıca fototoksik olma potansiyeline sahiptirler. reaksiyonlar. Dr. Zeichner, "Yağ hala cildinizdeyse ve güneşe çıkarsanız bu kimyasal bir yanık anlamına gelir" diyor.
Dolayısıyla, nüfusun yüzde 15'inden biriyseniz, uçucu yağlara karşı bir tür duyarlılık varsa, gerçekten endişelenmenize gerek yoktur. Kennedy, "Herkes bu şeyler için proaktif olarak kendilerini test etmiyor" diyor. "Eğer varsa hassas cilt ve gerçekten emin değilim, cildinizi test ettirmek sorunların ortaya çıkmasını önlemeye yardımcı olabilir. " Ayrıca devam edebilirsin güzellik detoksu alerjenleri ve rutininizdeki fazla adımları ayıklamak için.
Her iki durumda da, tüm bunlar bitkilerin güçlü şeyler olduğunu söyler - bu yüzden cilt bakımı ürünlerinizde onlar için alışveriş yapmak biraz gerekli özeni gerektirir. Uçucu yağları güvenle seçmek için uzman onaylı ipuçları için kaydırmaya devam edin.
1. Güvenilir markalardan ürünler satın alın
Önce ilk şeyler: Kennedy, bildiğiniz markalardan satın almanın önemli olduğunu söylüyor. "Şirkete olabildiğince güvenmelisiniz. kaynak bulma özellikle yağ bazlı ürünlerde gider ”diyor. "Yeni bir markanın bir yağı piyasaya sürmesi çok kolaydır - yapılması gereken çok az test vardır. Ancak, çıkarma işlemi çok hammadde yoğun ve markaların doğru yetiştiriciler ve damıtıcılarla ilişki kurması zaman alıyor. "
Kennedy, bu faktörler nedeniyle aşağıdaki gibi markalara ulaşmanızı tavsiye ediyor: Umadikey olarak entegre, çiftlikten masaya bir sürece sahip olan ve Vintner'ın Kızıtarımda köklü bir geleneğe sahip bir aileden geliyor. "Şüpheli kalitede bazı uçucu yağlar, kokularını değiştirmek için karıştırılabilir" diye açıklıyor. "Dolayısıyla, koku için uçucu yağları açıkça kullanan oldukça ucuz bir ürün görürseniz, bu harika bir seçim olmayabilir - özellikle de hassas bir cildiniz varsa."
2. İltihaplanmaya dikkat edin
İlk yakma iyiye işaret değildir. "Genel olarak, uçucu bir yağ veya başka bir ürün kullanıyorsanız, kızarıklık, yanma veya batmak cilt reaksiyonu anlamına gelebilir ve ürünü çıkarmak için yüzünüzü hemen yıkamalısınız ”diyor Dr. Zeichner. Ancak diyelim ki bir süredir esansiyel yağ katkılı güzellik ürünlerini kullanıyorsunuz ve bu kadar şiddetli bir şey fark etmediniz. Temiz misin? Ani aralar veya cildinizdeki küçük değişiklikler de bir sorun belirtisi olabilir.
"Cildinizin bir reaksiyon gösterdiği her an, iltihap, ”Diyor Kennedy. "Zamanla, cildinizde erken yaşlanmaya ve yapısal hasara neden olabilir." Yapabileceğiniz en iyi şey, yeni bir şey denediğinizde cildinizin nasıl göründüğüne ve hissettiğine çok dikkat etmektir.
3. Narenciye konusunda dikkatli olun
Bazı uçucu yağlar diğerlerinden daha fazla kötü reaksiyona neden olur. Kennedy, "Narenciye bazlı yağlar, insanların en çok sorun yaşadığı yağlar olma eğilimindedir," diye açıklıyor Kennedy. Dr. Zeichner, fototoksik reaksiyonlara neden olabilecek en yaygın esansiyel yağ suçlularının bergamot, kimyon, zencefil, limon, misket limonu, melekotu kökü ve selam olduğunu belirtiyor.
Kennedy, "Bunlar daha çok ışığa duyarlı hale getiriyor" diyor. Yani [görüyorsunuz] güneşten gelen ek bir enflamatuar yönü. " Kaydedildi — bazen en saf haliyle şeyler protokollerle birlikte gelir. Yine de difüzörünüze uçucu yağlar ekleyebilir veya anında stres atmak için onları nabız noktalarınıza ekleyebilirsiniz, sadece ne kullandığınızı bilmeniz gerekir.
İlk olarak 11 Eylül 2017'de yayınlandı, 13 Ağustos 2019'da yeni raporlarla güncellendi
Ekstrelerinizden en iyi şekilde yararlanmak için, işte Evinizi uçucu yağlar kullanarak temizlemenin 3 dahice yolu-artı Kaygıyı yatıştıran 6.Come rimuovere TrafficStealer dal sistema operativo
Scitto da Tomas Meskauskas il
Cos'è TrafficStealer?
Il malware TrafficStealer utilizza API di container aperti per reindirizzare il traffico web verso siti specifici e manipolare l'interazione dell'utente con gli annunci. Attraverso l'uso di container Docker, questo programma genera profitti inviando il traffico a destinazioni dalle quali i criminali ottengono dei profitti. Nonostante sembri legittimo, questo software include elementi compromessi.
Panoramica di TrafficStealer
TrafficStealer è associato a un servizio di "monetizzazione del traffico". Il servizio offre un pagamento agli utenti che installano un software che reindirizza il traffico di rete di più utenti di applicazioni mobili attraverso l'applicazione conteiner. In questo modello, gli abbonati possono guadagnare denaro indirizzando il traffico di rete attraverso la loro rete.
Quando gli utenti si registrano al servizio, viene loro assegnato un token unico che funge da codice di identificazione. Questo codice viene utilizzato per recuperare i possibili guadagni derivanti dall'indirizzamento del traffico attraverso la propria rete.
Dopo l'installazione o l'attivazione del software o del contenitore dell'aggressore, il traffico che passa attraverso il dispositivo dell'abbonato che funge da proxy diventa invisibile. Il funzionamento di TrafficStealer si basa su una combinazione di tecniche. Gli sviluppatori del software affermano che il traffico generato non è illegale, ma negano anche la proprietà di qualsiasi traffico creato sul client.
Le tecniche di TrafficStealer includono il web crawling e la simulazione dei clic. Il web crawling prevede la scansione di Internet per individuare i siti web ad alto potenziale di guadagno pubblicitario. Una volta identificati, i criminali informatici utilizzano la rete per indirizzare il traffico verso questi siti. La simulazione dei clic genera falsi clic sugli annunci visualizzati sui siti web mirati per aumentare il coinvolgimento e i ricavi pubblicitari per gli aggressori.
La comunicazione tra il server e i client è crittografata e viene utilizzata una porta TCP non convenzionale, che può destare sospetti. Ai clienti legittimi che cercano di valutare le prestazioni degli annunci può essere richiesto di pagare per l'utilizzo del traffico, e possono anche avere traffico sconosciuto reindirizzato attraverso le loro reti.
Per utilizzare il servizio ufficiale, gli utenti devono creare un account per creare un token e un ID unico per l'esecuzione del servizio locale. Tuttavia, è noto che gli aggressori che si celano dietro TrafficStealer codificano il loro token e lo passano come parametro durante la creazione del container.
La scoperta di TrafficStealer in un container evidenzia come gli attori delle minacce sfruttino le piattaforme più diffuse. Gli abbonati potrebbero non ottenere i profitti promessi e gli utenti inconsapevoli potrebbero generare entrate per gli aggressori a loro insaputa.
Ciò si traduce in perdite per i costi dei servizi cloud. Gli utenti non hanno alcun controllo sul traffico che utilizza la loro rete come proxy e il loro indirizzo IP può essere registrato per attività criminali senza la loro autorizzazione.
|Nome||App traffico TrafficStealer|
|Tipologia di minaccia||Applicazione indesiderata, malware Mac, virus Mac|
|Funzionalità proposte||Monetizzatore di traffico|
|Nomi rilevati (Installer)||ALYac (Trojan.OSX.Agent), Combo Cleaner (Application.MAC.Generic.1625), Emsisoft (Application.MAC.Generic.1625 (B)), Kaspersky (Non un virus:UDS:Server-Proxy.OSX .Monetizer), Elenco completo dei rilevamenti (VirusTotal)|
|Nomi rilevati (app Traffmonetier)||Arcabit (Application.MAC.Generic.D659 [molti]), Combo Cleaner (Application.MAC.Generic.1625), Emsisoft (Application.MAC.Generic.1625 (B)), Kaspersky (Not-a-virus:HEUR: Server-Proxy.OSX.Monetizer.gen), Elenco completo dei rilevamenti (VirusTotal)|
|Sintomi||Un programma che non ricordi di aver installato improvvisamente è apparso sul tuo computer. Una nuova applicazione sta eseguendo scansioni del computer e visualizza messaggi di avviso sui "problemi rilevati". Chiede il pagamento per eliminare gli errori presumibilmente trovati.|
|Metodi distributivi||Applicazioni contenenti elementi compromessi|
|Danni||Perdita monetaria, prestazioni del computer lente.|
|Rimozione dei malware (Mac)||
Per eliminare possibili infezioni malware, scansiona il tuo Mac con un software antivirus legittimo. I nostri ricercatori di sicurezza consigliano di utilizzare Combo Cleaner.
Summario
TrafficStealer è un tipo di malware che funziona reindirizzando il traffico Internet verso siti Web specifici e manipolando le interazioni degli utenti con gli annunci pubblicitari. In genere viene eseguito tramite applicazioni containerizzate e può essere utilizzato dagli attori delle minacce per generare entrate indirizzando il traffico verso fonti monetizzate.
Il software utilizza varie tecniche come la scansione del Web e la simulazione dei clic per aumentare il coinvolgimento con gli annunci, con conseguente aumento delle entrate pubblicitarie per gli aggressori. TrafficStealer può essere utilizzato per sfruttare utenti inconsapevoli che potrebbero generare entrate per gli aggressori a loro insaputa o consenso.
Come si è installato TrafficStealer sul mio computer?
È noto che gli attori delle minacce utilizzano un'app chiamata Traffmonetizer per eseguire la scansione del Web e la simulazione dei clic. L'app stessa sembra legittima ma contiene elementi compromessi. È disponibile sul suo sito Web ufficiale, Google Play e possibilmente su altre piattaforme.
Come evitare l'installazione di applicazioni indesiderate?
Scarica solo app da siti Web e app store ufficiali come Google Play o Apple App Store. Leggi le recensioni e controlla le valutazioni prima di scaricare un'app. Evita di scaricare app con recensioni negative o valutazioni basse. Controlla i permessi richiesti dall'app prima di scaricarla.
Mantieni aggiornati il sistema operativo e le app del tuo dispositivo. Fai attenzione alle offerte di app gratuite, poiché potrebbero contenere adware o malware. Non fidarti di pubblicità e pop-up su siti Web dubbi. Se il tuo computer è già infetto, ti consigliamo di eseguire una scansione con Combo Cleaner per eliminare automaticamente tutte le minacce.
L'applicazione Traffmonetizer:
Programma di installazione di Traffmonetizer:
Rimozione automatica istantanea dei malware dal tuo Mac:
La rimozione manuale delle minacce potrebbe essere un processo lungo e complicato che richiede competenze informatiche avanzate. Combo Cleaner è uno strumento professionale per la rimozione automatica del malware consigliato per eliminare il malware dai Mac. Scaricalo cliccando il pulsante qui sotto:
▼ SCARICA Combo Cleaner per Mac Lo scanner gratuito controlla se il computer è infetto. Per utilizzare tutte le funzionalità, è necessario acquistare una licenza per Combo Cleaner. Hai a disposizione 3 giorni di prova gratuita limitata. Combo Cleaner è di proprietà ed è gestito da Rcs Lt, società madre di PCRisk. Per saperne di più. Scaricando qualsiasi software elencato in questo sito, accetti le nostre Condizioni di Privacy e le Condizioni di utilizzo.
Menu rapido:
- Cos'è "TrafficStealer"?
- STEP 1. Rimuovi i file e le cartelle relativi a TrafficStealer da OSX.
- STEP 2. Rimuovi le estensioni non autorizzate da Safari.
- STEP 3. Rimuovi i componenti aggiuntivi canaglia da Google Chrome.
- STEP 4. Rimuovi i plug-in potenzialmente indesiderati da Mozilla Firefox.
Video che mostra come rimuovere adware e browser hijacker da un computer Mac:
Rimozione di applicazioni potenzialmente indesiderate:
Rimuovi le applicazioni potenzialmente indesiderate dalla cartella "Applicazioni":
Fare clic sull'icona del Finder. Nella finestra del Finder, seleziona "Applicazioni". Nella cartella delle applicazioni, cerca "MPlayerX","NicePlayer" o altre applicazioni sospette e trascinale nel Cestino. Dopo aver rimosso le applicazioni potenzialmente indesiderate che causano annunci online, scansiona il tuo Mac alla ricerca di eventuali componenti indesiderati rimanenti.
Rimuovere i file e le cartelle legate a app traffico trafficstealer:
Cliccare l'icona del Finder, dal menu a barre, scegliere Vai
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قربانى منتشر شده است(انتشارات انجمن آثار ملى، 1355).
منبع :
1. مصاحب و همکاران، مقالهى ابوریحان بیرونى، دایرهالمعارف فارسى(جلد اول)
2. معتمدى، اسفندیار. ابوریحان و ریحانه. انتشارات مدرسهى برهان، چاپ اول 1380
3. حسینى، احمد. کانىها. انتشارات مدرسهى برهان، چاپ دوم 1382
وی یکی از ریاضیدانان بزرگ جهان در نیمه اول قرن بیستم می باشد وآلمانی است.در کونیگسبرگ متولدشدودرسال 1884 از دانشگاه این شهر درجه دکتری گرفت وقریب 10 سال را به تدریس در آن دانشگاه گذراند. سپس در 1895 به استادی دانشگاه گوتینگن رسید وتا آخرعمر در این شهر زیست.
تلاشها و دستاوردها
هیلبرت یکی از موسسان ریاضیات قرن بیستم و در بسیاری جهات،بوجود آورنده مکتب صورتگرایی ریاضیات است که در ریاضیات محض این قرن نفوذ زیادی داشته است.یکی از دستاوردهای اساسی او در صورتگرایی،مبناهای هندسی(foundations of geometry)اوست،که برخلاف مبانی آکسیو ماتیکی نسبتا شهودیتر اقلیدس،در بنا کردن هندسه بر مبنای آکسیو ماتیکی محض مطرح شده است.
کارهای ریاضی اوبسیار عمیق ومتنوع است.واز جمله می توان تئوری پایاها.تئوری میدانهای جبری وتحقیق در مبانی هندسه وتحقیق در مبانی ریاضیات ومعادلات انتگرالی وفیزیکی را ذکر کرد.
او سهم عظیمی در آنالیز ریاضی داشت. فضاهای برداری بی نهایت بعدی ابداعی او که به فضاهای هیلبرت مشهورند راه را برای بنیانگذاری آنالیز تابعی گشود.
در سال 1900 در کنگره بین المللی ریاضیات،قرن تازه را با مطرح کردن فهرست مشهور 23 مسئله ای خود،افتتاح کرد.مسائلی که از آن رمان تاکنون ریاضیدانان را به خود مشغول کرده، مبلغ عظیمی از آثار مهم هشتاد سال گذشته را بوجود آورده اند.
بنا به دلایل فوق،هیلبرت اغلب به عنوان ریاضیدانی مطلقا محض شناخته میشود ،اما وز رئیس سمینار فیزیک اتمی مشهور گوتینگن نیز بود،که تاثیر عظیمی بر توسعه نظریه کوانتوم داشت.
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اقدام کنید.
گالوا زندگیش در تاریخ علم، در صفحهای اندوهبار گشوده شد. وی در 26 اکتبر 1811م در پاریس متولد شد.
نوآوری ها و دستاوردهای ریاضیات مساله ای تشکیل می دهد که غیر ریاضیدان ها به سختی می توانند آن را درک کنند. بزرگترین استثناء در این قاعده، اواریست گالوا است.
آنچه از زندگی گالوا می دانیم بیشتر شبیه به یک داستان رمانتیک و بلکه تراژدی است، زیرا در تراژدی حتماً نباید قهرمان داستان به طرز فجیعی کشته شود بلکه تراژدی را می توان به عنوان سرکوب نمودن نبوغ یک نابغه و در نظر نگرفتن و توجه نکردن به او نیز دانست. اواریست گالوا را حتی کسانی که دستی بر ریاضیات دارند هم، نمی شناسند چه رسد به افراد عادی که بیشتر ریاضیدانان بزرگ و مشهوری چون نیوتن و اویلر و ... را می شناسند. اواریست گالوا را حتی دانشجویان ریاضی هم به خوبی نمی شناسند. در یکی از روزهای سال 1811 میلادی، در نزدیکی پاریس پسری به دنیا آمد که نام او را `اواریست` نهادند. چون والدین پسر، خود افرادی تحصیل کرده بودند تا سنّ 12 سالگی نزد مادرش به تحصیل و فراگیری علم پرداخت.
پس از آن به مدرسه رفت. در دروس عادی مدرسه دانش آموزی متوسط بود. اما هنگامی که کتاب مبانی هندسه اثر «لژاندر» به دستش رسید و آنرا مطالعه کرد به شدت تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت.
می گویند که او این کتاب را مانند یک کتاب داستان عادی خوانده است و فقط با یک بار مطالعه آن، بر مطالب کتاب احاطه کامل یافته است. از همین جا بود که با کارهای ریاضیدانان بزرگی چون لاگرانژ و آبل آشنا شد و آنها را مطالعه کرد. هنگامی که 15 ساله شد، خودش به تنهایی یک خواننده حرفه ای آثار ریاضی بود و کشف کردن در دنیای ریاضی را آغاز کرد و به کشفیّات مهمی نیز دست یافت.
در آن سن و سال کم و بدون بهره بردن از هیچ تحصیلات عالی رسمی، گالوا قادر بود به کشفیاتی برسد که او را به شهرتی جاودانه در دنیای ریاضیات برساند. شهرتی که هیچ گاه طعم آنرا در زمان حیاتش نچشید.
`دوپوی` در جمله ای راجع به شرح حال گالوا می گوید: « کتاب های جبر مقدماتی هرگز گالوا را قانع نکرد زیرا در آنها جای پایی از مکتشفین نمی یافت. درست از اولین سال ریاضی به لاگرانژ روی آورد.» دست نوشته هایش از نظم و ترتیب خوبی برخوردار نبود و به دلیل ذهن نیرومندی که داشت بیشتر محاسبات ریاضی را به صورت ذهنی انجام می داد و فقط نتایجش را یادداشت می کرد. مقالات و مطالبی که می نوشت مانند اکثر مقالات ریاضیدانان قرن هجدهم، خلاصه و بی ترتیب بودند.
سبک نوشتنی که در ریاضی نویسی امروزی، کاملاً نامأنوس و نامرسوم است. مدرسه پلی تکنیک پاریس، مدرسه ای بود که ریاضیدانان بزرگی در آنجا تربیت شده بودند و دو بار تلاش گالوا برای ورود به این مدرسه، ناکام ماند. گالوا خود به خوبی می دانست که از بسیاری از کسانی که پذیرفته شده بودند، شایستگی بهتری دارد. اما او ناامید نشد و خود به مطالعه ریاضی پرداخت.
به عقیده بسیاری از ریاضیدانان بزرگ، پذیرفته نشدن گالوا در مدرسه پلی تکنیک پاریس، خُسران زیادی برای علم ریاضیات به همراه داشته است. کشفیات اساسی او در معادلات چند جمله ای بود که در سال 1829 برای اولین بار، طی مقاله ای، آنها را به آکادمی علوم پاریس فرستاد.
کسی که مقالات ارسالی به آکادمی را از نظر علمی ، قضاوت و داوری می کرد، `آگوستن لویی کُشی` بود. کُشی ریاضیدان بزرگ و ماهری بود و این توانایی را داشت که بتواند با مطالعه مقاله گالوا، آن را بفهمد و به ارزش کشفیات او پی ببرد. اما در این بین، کُشی، مقاله گالوا را گم کرد و دیگر نتوانست آن را پیدا کند. شاید این گم شدن مقاله را بتوان به حساب بدشانسی خود گالوا گذاشت!! بعد از این ماجرا، گالوای شجاع، کارهایش را در مسابقه سال 1830 جایزه بزرگ آکادمی در ریاضیات شرکت داد. مقاله گالوا بدون شک باید برنده این جایزه می شد. امّا این بار هم بخت با گالوا یار نبود زیرا `فوریه` که منشی آکادمی بود، مقاله گالوا را با خود به خانه برد و به طور ناگهانی پیش از خواندن آن فوت کرد و مقاله گالوا دوباره گم شد!! گالوا نسخه دوم مقاله اش را به آکادمی فرستاد. این بار قضاوت درباره مقاله، بر عهده `پواسون` بود. هنگامی که پواسون مقاله گالوا را مطالعه کرد، در حاشیه یکی از برهان های گالوا، یادداشتی به این مضمون نوشت: « برهان این هم ناکافی است اما بنابر بخش 100 از مقاله آقای لاگرانژ، برلین ، 1771 ، درست است. » چه اتفاقی افتاده بود؟ مگر می شود برهان یک قضیه، ناکافی اما درست باشد؟ گالوا در یادداشتی دست نویس به پواسون پاسخ داد: « اثبات خواهد شد.» شاید منظور گالوا ، چیزی شبیه به `آن بماند تا ببینیم` بوده است.
با این حال منظور گالوا این بوده است که ` لطفاً به بررسی بقیه قسمت های مقاله بپردازید تا من برهان را در آینده کامل کنم. ` اما پواسون در گزارش خود به آکادمی از مقاله گالوا به عنوان یک کلّیت یاد کرده و می نویسد: « ما تمام کوشش خود را برای درک برهان آقای گالوا به کار بردیم، اما استدلال های ایشان به اندازه کافی روشن نیست و به اندازه کافی پرورانده نشده اند تا ما بتوانیم درباره درستی آنها قضاوت کنیم ... » پواسون امیدوار بود که گالوا به اصلاح و توسعه کار عرضه شده خویش بپردازد تا بتواند برهان کاملتری را به آکادمی ارائه دهد. اما گالوا می دانست که برهان هایش درست هستند و به علاوه، دانش و درک او از جبر، بسیار فراتر از دانش کسانی است که مقاله او را داوری می کنند. واقعیت نیز همین بود که داوران آکادمی، دانش و توانایی فهمیدن استدلال های گالوا را نداشتند. از طرف دیگر، سن کم گالوا که در آن زمان فقط 19 سال داشت و مواجه شدن داوران با دست نوشته ای نا مفهوم و همچنین اعتقادات ضد دولتی گالوا، همه و همه دست به دست هم داده بودند تا مقاله گالوا مورد تأیید آکادمی علوم پاریس قرار نگیرد. به طوری که پواسون در انتهای گزارش خود به آکادمی می نویسد: « به صورتی که در حال حاضر مقاله به آکادمی ارائه شده، نمی توانیم تصویب آن را به شما توصیه کنیم.» و این یعنی مقاله گالوا رد شده است. پس از رد شدن مقاله توسط پواسون، گالوا به شدت ناراحت و تلخ کام شد و بعد از آن برای پروراندن مقاله خود و قابل فهم تر ساختن آن چنانکه پواسون می خواست، ابداً هیچ کوششی نکرد.
به خاطر این وقایع یا به خاطر آنکه پدرش طرفدار جمهوری بود، گالوا به انتقاد شدید از رژیم بوربونها دست زد و به گارد ملی فرانسه یعنی سازمان جمهوری خواهان پیوست. در این زمان، فرانسه سخت گرفتار آشوبهای سیاسی بود.
گالوا به خاطر فعالیت های سیاسی اش محاکمه شد و به عنوان زندانی سیاسی، چند ماهی را در زندان گذراند. پس از آزادی از زندان در سال 1832، گرفتار عشق دختری عشوه گر شد. اما گالوای بدشانس در بازی عشق نیز شانس نیاورد و بر سر دستیابی به این دختر ناگزیر به انجام یک دوئل مرگبار شد. شب قبل از آن دوئل مرگ آفرین، نامه ای به دوستش `ژوزف لیویل ` می نویسد و در آن، ناگفته ها و یافته های
ریاضی اش را به اختصار شرح می دهد و از او می خواهد تا توجه جهان ریاضی را به اهمیت کارهایش جلب کند. او حتی در این نامه از ژاکوبی یا گاوس درخواست می کند که نظرشان را نه در مورد اهمیت این قضایا، بلکه در مورد اهمیت آنها، بیان کنند.
جمله معروف` من وقت ندارم ` را گالوا در یک یادداشت حاشیه ای، احتمالاً در شب قبل از دوئل، در ارتباط با برهان گزاره دوم خود که گفته است نیاز به تکمیل شدن دارد، نوشته است. چون دیگر وقت کافی برای تکمیل آن برهان نداشت. گرچه در ابتدا، اثباتش غلط به نظر می رسد. او درباره دوئلی که فردای آن شب جان او را گرفت نیز می نویسد: « من قربانی یک زن عشوه گر گمنام شده ام... این یک نزاع اسف بار است که جان مرا می ستاند ... آه! چرا باید برای یک چیز بی ارزش بمیرم ... » سرانجام، دوئل در 25 قدمی صورت گرفت. تیر به شکم گالوای بدشانس خورد و به زمین افتاد. ساعت ها در آنجا ماند تا آنکه دهقانی که از آنجا عبور می کرد ، او را به بیمارستان برد.
گالوا روز بعد، یعنی 31 مه 1832 در سن 20 سالگی فوت کرد و در بخش عمومی قبرستان مونت پارناس به خاک سپرده شد. 14 سال پس از مرگ گالوا یعنی در سال 1846، طرفداران اندکش موفق شدند مخاطبینی برای کارهایش پیدا کنند و به عمق کشفیات او تا حدودی دست یابند. قسمتی از نوشته هایش توسط ژوزف لیویل در مجله ریاضیات به چاپ رسید. لیویل در اطلاعیه پیش از چاپ کارهای گالوا، وقتی که فهمیده بود روش های گالوا درست بوده اند و می توان قضیه هایش را با دقت زیاد اثبات کرد، از آن به عنوان `یک لذت جاوید در زندگی اش` یاد می کنند. پس از آن، شناسایی و درک اهمیت فراوان کارهایش به سرعت آغاز و احترام به گالوا بیشتر شد.
شهرت گالوا 14 سال پس از مرگش آغاز شد. به طوری که در حال حاضر یکی از بزرگترین ریاضیدانان خلاق تمام عصرها به شمار می آید. او زنده نماند تا به گسترش عمیق تر کاربردها و توسعه نظریه خود که بعدها `نظریه گالوا` نام گرفت، بپردازد. نظریه گالوا امروزه یکی از مباحث مهم و پرکاربرد جبر مجرد و نظریه گروه ها است. حتی امروز، ریاضیات در اثر حادثه غم انگیزی که برای او روی داده است، احتمالاً بضاعت کمتری دارد.
گالوا «تئوری گروهها» را که قبلاً بوسیله کوشی و لاگرانژ مطالعه شده بود در معادلات جبری به کار برد و گروه جانشینی هر معادله را مشخص کرد. این تئوری که امروزه تعمیم یافته و در عین حال سادهتر شده است برای حل مسائل گوناگون بکار میرود و وسیله جستجویی بدست فیزیک دانان زمان ما داده است.
او عقیده داشت: «من برای دانشمند شدن چیزی کم دارم و بنابراین قلب من آرزوئی دارد که مغز من قادر به انجام آن نیست.»
معرفی ارشمیدوس
مقدمه
ارشمیدس دانشمند و ریاضیدان یونانی در سال 212 قبل از میلاد در شهر سیراکوز یونان چشم به جهان گشود و در جوانی برای آموختن دانش به اسکندریه رفت. بیشتر دوران زندگیش را در زادگاهش گذرانید و با فرمانروای این شهر دوستی نزدیک داشت. در اینجا سخن از معروفترین استحمامی است که یک انسان در تاریخ بشریت انجام داده است. در داستانها چنین آمده است که بیش از 2000 سال پیش در شهر سیراکوز پایتخت ایالت یونانی سیسیل آن زمان ارشمیدس مکانیک دان و ریاضیدان و مشاور دربار پادشاه یمرون یکی از معروفترین کشفهای خود را در خزینه حمام انجام داد.
کشفی در حمام
روزی که او در حمامی عمومی به داخل خزینه پا نهاد و در آن نشست و حین این کار بالا آمدن آب خزینه را مشاهده کرده ، ناگهان فکری به مغزش خطور کرد. او بلافاصله لنگی را به دور خود پیچید و با این شکل و شمایل به سمت خانه روان شد و مرتب فریاد میزد یافتم، یافتم. او چه چیزی را یافته بود؟ پادشاه به او مأموریت داده بود راز جواهر ساز خیانتکار دربار را کشف و او را رسوا کند. شاه هیرون بر کار جواهر ساز شک کرده بود و چنین میپنداشت که او بخشی از طلایی را که برای ساختن تاج شاهی به وی داده بود برای خود برداشته و باقی آن را با فلز نقره که بسیار ارزانتر بود مخلوط کرده و تاج را ساخته است.
هر چند ارشمیدس میدانست که فلزات گوناگون وزن مخصوص متفاوت دارند، ولی او تا آن لحظه اینطور فکر میکرد که مجبور است تاج شاهی را ذوب کند، آنرا به صورت شمش طلا قالب ریزی کند تا بتواند وزن آن را با شمش طلای نابی به همان اندازه مقایسه کند. اما در این روش تاج شاهی از بین میرفت، پس او مجبور بود راه دیگری برای این کار بیابد. در آن روز که در خزینه حمام نشسته بود دید که آب خزینه بالاتر آمد و بلافاصله تشخیص داد که بدن او میزان معینی از آب را در خزینه حمام پس زده و جابجا کرده است.
آزمایش و اثبات ناخالصی تاج شاهی (کشفی از رازهای طبیعت)
او با عجله و سراسیمه به خانه بازگشت و شروع به آزمایش عملی این یافته کرد. او چنین اندیشید که اجسام هم اندازه ، مقار آب یکسانی را جابجا میکنند، ولی اگر از نظر وزنی به موضوع نگاه کنیم یک شمش نیم کیلویی طلا کوچکتر از یک شمش نقره به همان وزن است (طلا تقریبا دو برابر نقره وزن دارد)، بنابراین باید مقدار کمتری آب را جابجا کند. این فرضیه ارشمیدس بود و آزمایشهای او این فرضیه را اثبات کرد. او برای این کار نیاز به یک ظرف آب و سه وزنه با وزنهای مساوی داشت که این سه وزنه عبارت بودند از تاج شاهی ، هم وزن آن طلای ناب و دوباره هم وزن آن نقره ناب.
او در آزمایش خود تشخیص داد که تاج شاهی میزان بیشتری آب را نسبت به شمش طلای هم وزنش پس میراند، ولی این میزان آب کمتر از میزان آبی است که شمش نقره هم وزن آن را جابجا میکند. به این ترتیب ثابت شد که تاج شاهی از طلای ناب و خالص ساخته نشده، بلکه جواهر ساز متقلب و
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These are not enough to completely prevent further crimes including human trafficking. The delegation of Japan would like to state that laborers being trafficked should be saved and brought back home. Furthermore, UNHRC needs to find a way to not only help them but ensure that the abuse and slavery doesn’t happen again. In order to do so, the United Nations Human Right Council should discuss following actions to be conducted to respond against fishery throughout the region. First, we should develop ways to enhance security in areas to investigate possible cases of slavery in fishing industry. In addition, strong legal foundation must be established to implement appropriate action against criminals involved in slavery. A certification policy may also be useful in terms of companies wanting to have a good image to consumers. These certifications can differentiate from the range of abuse. To earn the certification, the company would have to stop human trafficking, abuse, and slavery. The Japanese delegation is looking forward to fruitful discussion upon above matters throughout the conference.未满十八18禁止午夜免费网站是有一天，我在北京郊外一座树林，遇见杜峰和他的六个朋友，他们七个人当场把我轮姦了。在武装分子手中强奸,保管的毒品被盗，女警在此次事件中有受到了刺激,女警辞职后,担任pega游戏制作公司的保安工作。突然有一天,她以前女警时期的同事冈崎慎司找到她，另外,过去的强奸犯再次出现在前面被她成功压制,但他不是别人,正是自己的同事冈崎慎司。然后他用左手拉住师娘的秀发，右手伸到师娘胸前使劲抓着她雪白的豪乳，下身更加有力地耸动。未满十八18禁止午夜免费网站宁静的夜晚，九天玄女抚摸神龙石像身上的肌肉，想着大战的前一天夜晚，叹气道：你将永远成为石像，除非石像高过云端，而且永远见不到日光说完，玄女的脸上化过了一道泪痕。女主身材很好，她风骚的妈妈竟然要再婚，新婚的家庭里有一对父子，女主于是便有了一个新的哥哥，新爸爸跟妈妈经常做爱，而且不怕尴尬，甚至在沙发上做，而哥哥年轻帅气，略显害羞，女主觉得比自己的男朋友好多了，于是也不愿意跟男友亲热，反而总是趁爸妈不在的时候勾搭自己的哥哥，万万没想到哥哥竟然还是个处男，女主决定将哥哥调教为一个做爱高手...无论是家世还是人际关系，柳黛烟永远是生活在上流社会的人，她每天接触的都是各种国家王子和商业大亨的儿子之类的。یک تولید کننده کره ای موبایل، حق امتیاز تولید یک موبایل تاشو را ثبت کرده که می توان از آن به عنوان تبلت نیز استفاده کرد.
شرکت ال جی به تازگی حق امتیاز اختراعی جدید برای یک دستگاه بی نام را ثبت کرده است. به نظر می رسد این حق امتیاز مربوط به موبایلی تاشو باشد.
اختراع جدید در جولای ۲۰۱۷ میلادی ثبت شده اما خبر آن به تازگی اعلام شده است. این درحالی است که تولید کنندگان دیگر موبایل از جمله اپل، سامسونگ وZTE همگی حق امتیاز اختراع موبایل هایی با این ویژگی را ثبت کرده اند.
به هرحال در امتیاز ثبت شده دو تصویر وجود دارد که در توضیح آنها آمده است: موبایلی با نمایشگر انعطاف پذیر که از وسط تا می شود.
یکی از تصاویر نشان می دهد موبایل را می توان به عنوان یک تبلت نیز استفاده کرد.
همچنین به نظر می رسد پشت نمایشگر این دستگاه دو لنز دوربین وجود دارد و پس از تاشدن بخش جلوی دستگاه اطلاعاتی مانند تاریخ و ساعت را در نمایشگر جلویی نمایش داده می شود.
یکی از ویژگی موبایل های ال جی آن است که به کاربر اجازه می دهد بدون لمس نمایشگر نوتیفیکیشن ها یا ساعت را در دستگاه ببیند. احتمالا این ویژگی به موبایل های تاشو این شرکت نیز افزوده شود.
منیع: خبرگزاری مهر万人炸金花怎么玩-天天炸金花论坛
面具最主要的功能是神祗的象征，也就是，鲁殇王一部至少是信奉狐理图腾的。历史上好像只有藏族的一支也信奉狐理，万人炸金花怎么玩这十分奇特。 1．鲁国---始封祖是周公旦长子伯禽（封伯爵）。建都曲阜（今曲阜市）。是西周初年分封时最大的诸侯国之一，（现在人们仍用“鲁”作为山东省的简称）文化典籍众多，礼乐制度全备。春秋时期，又诞生了著名的思想家、教育家孔子，文化高度发达，以礼仪之邦著称于世。其国北凭泰山，东依大海，拥有今山东南部的广大地区，是周王室的重藩。西周至春秋初期为东方强国，颇有与当时的强国齐国争雄之势。鲁国共传26代，34位国君，约800年，春秋中期以后国力渐衰，鲁顷公24年（公元前249年），为楚所灭，成为鲁县。 好比非洲部落里，有些土著人崇拜白化病一样，白化病人在部落里受到神一样的待遇，他们力求使白化病人通婚而获得全白皮肤的“神”，所以当他们看到神一样的白人出现的时候，一下就屈服了，几乎不敢反抗。 真的很想进去看看。卷三 文物明器。００１ 战国帛书 （附帛书插图） 很多地方都有血尸的传说，血尸墓其实指代的是地层下有保护层的墓穴。一般比如说设置了火顶，酸顶，或者朱砂顶的古墓，用洛阳铲探出来都是红色的，特别是酸顶那红土是如鲜血一般，其实都是因为里面含有大量的朱砂。这些古墓有这些构造，就表示规格很高，所以别人才会形成血尸墓下面都是宝贝的说法。 二、任姓国。任（或作妊）姓，亦传为黄帝后裔。夏以前即生活于山东南部地区。有薛国、（音shi）国、铸国、过国。
而为何他们会认为血尸墓下面会有血尸，一方面可能是以讹传讹，一方面，朱砂为驱邪之物，在古墓的土层里使用朱砂，肯定是希望能对古墓中某些东西进行阻隔，所以使用朱砂封墓的古墓，尸体必然有些异变。而事实上，血尸并不如它的名字般是血红色的，万人炸金花怎么玩而是酱紫色的。 这不是我第一次见他，不过我到现在才有兴趣仔细来打量他一下。可惜实在是什么好说的。 在国外的传说中，类似九头蛇柏的树被称为“章鱼树”，它能缠续靠近的猎物并杀死消化它，这种树往往被当地人称呼为“恶魔之树”。德国探险家在考察日记中最后分析，这种树攻击动物的方式源于传播种子的本能，好比苍耳会粘在动物的皮毛上一样，这种树会缠绕并杀死一切靠近它的东西。 3．铸（一说祁姓；亦作祝）国---封公爵。武王灭商后受封建国。 地在今肥城县南大汶河北岸。或疑后来为齐所灭。 王自得二宝，逢凶化吉，无往不胜，国之大权，集于一身，帝深赖之。后，王老迈，遂大病，多方延医，皆曰不可治。异日，王再梦巨蛇，曰：君死期到也。随蛇而至者，皆其平日妄杀之人，不知千万。王醒而惧。 （附千手巨人大战蒙古军队插图和详细图示）
1．薛国---始封祖为夏朝车正奚仲（侯爵）。今滕县南30里有薛国故城遗址。后迁邳，亦曰下邳，在今江苏邳县东北。不久又迁上邳，即今微山西北，奚仲之后仲虺居薛，为商汤左相。周武王灭商，复封其后裔于薛。春秋以后，薛又迁下邳。薛国历夏、 商、周三代，可考者凡64世。战国时（或疑齐⊥3年，即前298年）灭亡，入为齐邑万人炸金花怎么玩。传世器有薛侯F、薛侯鼎、薛仲铜。 8．遽国---乃鲁附属国，在今金乡县稍东。鲁隐公2年（公元前721年），为鲁占有。 不过有他在一边，总有一种很异样的安心，可能是沉默的人总让人有很nb的错觉。我很想知道他的眼神下面藏着什么。 是夜，有白须臾入梦，怒问王曰：因何杀我？王性暴戾，多行杀戮，斥白须臾曰：想杀便杀！何问之有！白须臾大怒，化为日间巨蛇，张口来吞王。王拔剑伤蛇，脚踏蛇首，曰：尔剖腹不死，今割尔头，尚能活否？蛇做人言，乞怜曰：愿献二宝，以换一命。王许之，蛇乃告以紫金匣开启之法，又授以匣中宝物之用。王熟记于心，自思此事宜秘，只可我知，遂斩蛇首。及王之醒，身在血泊之中，乃悟所梦非虚，依梦中之法，紫金匣果应手而开，其中宝物，一如所言。王不欲人知，尽诛左右随从，并其家属，虽襁褓之中，犹且不免。 （附面具和各种动物图腾插图）。００４ 九头蛇柏 （附九头蛇柏插图和细节图） 1．宿国---封男爵。地在今东平县东南20里。公元前684年，宋国派兵迁其民而取其地。后入齐为邑。
这种神秘的古代文明，显然非常的低调，或者因为其神秘主义的性格，使得留存于世上的资料全部湮灭，万人炸金花怎么玩那长白山下的青铜巨门，可能是他们为数不多的遗存，而他们训练的人面鸟，也在文明灭绝后走向灭绝，只留下少数的幸存者还在地底守护着他们主人最后的痕迹。 这具古尸之恐怖诡异，难以言喻，人竟然可以长的像一只秃毛狐理，这可能不仅仅是畸形所能办到的。我无法想像这具古尸在没有腐朽脱水前是什么样子。 在海南的渔民之间，禁婆代表着是一种疾病、灾难的象征，而禁婆形象往往是大肚子、潮湿，这和海啸过后，海滩上出现的大量浮水尸很像，而大量尸体的聚集容易产生瘟疫的流行。所以，我推测禁婆的产生可能来自于几千年来渔民把浮水尸和灾难的印象加工而得的产物，当时的人们不明白死人、灾难和疾病的关系，于是就虚构了如此的一个神祗[npfans注：台版是“怪物”]形象。 四、风姓国。风姓相传为太之后。太迪啻是东夷首领，其活动中心本在陈（今河南淮阳县），后向北发展，逐渐控制了济水流域。有宿国、任国、须句国、颛臾国。 2．任国---在今济宁市。战国时仍存。或说任即夏代的仍。 ００３ 冥宫殇王地书。我把殇王地书能够看懂的部分抄录了下来，有些字迹不明，有些字过于执拗电脑无法显示，我都转换成了现代的汉语。殇王，姓（姓）氏，讳（名字），年二十五，父卒，继为大司马，领军发冢，所得金银宝货，悉充军饷，以助征伐，于国颇有功。初，王发一古冢，其冢不知何朝也，开棺而视，棺内盘有巨蛇，昂首欲噬王。王胆气素壮，提剑斩蛇，又思巨蛇卧棺，必有妖孽，剖蛇腹，得紫金匣，百法莫能启。
００２ 血尸万人炸金花怎么玩 （附血尸插图）Motosiklette 2012 sezonu, yarın Avustralya'daki Phillip Island Pisti'nde koşulacak sezonun ilk ayak koşusuyla başlayacak. Yarışmanın sıralama koşusunun ardından Kawasaki Deltafin Lorenzi takımıyla yarışan Kenan Sofuoğlu, yarınki yarışmaya ilk çizgideki 4. sıradan katılmaya hak kazandı.
Sofuoğlu'nun Güney Afrikalı takım arkadaşı Sheridan Morais'in 6. sıradan başlayacağı yarışmada Ten Kate Honda takımı adına yarışan Avusturyalı Broc Parkes ilk sıradan start alacak.A work of art may be understood as a conductor from the artist’s mind to the viewer’s. But it may never reach the viewer, or it may never leave the artist’s mind.
Sol LeWitt was an U.S. artist and a founder of both Conceptual and Minimalism art. LeWitt came to fame in the late 1960s with his wall drawings and "structures" (a term he preferred instead of "sculptures") but was prolific in a wide range of media including drawing, printmaking, photography, and painting. He has been the subject of hundreds of solo exhibitions in museums and galleries around the world since 1965.
According to the principle of his work, LeWitt's wall drawings are usually executed by people other than the artist himself. He would therefore eventually use teams of assistants to create such works. Writing about making wall drawings, LeWitt himself observed in 1971 that "each person draws a line differently and each person understands words differently". Between 1968 and his death in 2007, LeWitt created more than 1,270 wall drawings. The wall drawings, executed on-site, generally exist for the duration of an exhibition; they are then destroyed, giving the work in its physical form an ephemeral quality. They can be installed, removed, and then reinstalled in another location, as many times as required for exhibition purposes.
Two important essays by LeWitt defined the new movement: “Paragraphs on Conceptual Art” (1967) and “Sentences on Conceptual Art” (1969). The earlier text proclaimed: “The idea becomes a machine that makes the art.”توتی: برای تماشای بازی رم و فاینورد در تیرانا حضور خواهم داشت؛ باید این جام را بالای سر ببریم
به گزارش ایران ورزشی و به نقل از کوریره دلو اسپورت، فرانچسکو توتی در مصاحبه اخیر خود به حضور آاس رم در فینالی اروپایی پس از سال ها واکنش نشان داد و اعلام کرد حتماً برای تماشای این بازی در استادیوم حاضر خواهد بود. فرانچسکو توتی در این مصاحبه گفت:
مدت هاست در فینالی اروپایی بازی نکرده ایم. برای ما ضروری است که این جام را بالای سر ببریم و با اشتیاق و تمایل زیادی برای جنگیدن تا پایان، به تیرانا خواهیم رفت. من نیز به تیرانا خواهم رفت و بازی را از نزدیک تماشا خواهم کرد. رم با خریدهای درست و مناسب می تواند پیشرفت کند. ما یکی از قوی ترین سرمربیان جهان را داریم که می داند چگونه بازیکنان خود را مدیریت و رهبری کند و با چه بازیکنانی قرارداد ببندد. فریدکین ها هر کاری برای جلب رضایت او انجام خواهند داد.
دیدگاه های ارسال شده توسط شما، پس از تایید در سایت منتشر خواهد شد.
پیام های که به غیر از زبان فارسی یا غیرمرتبط با خبر باشد منتشر نخواهد شد.Seconda versione dei nuovi orecchini ispirati alla serie di libri e film di Twilight.
Un orecchino con ciondolo con la scritta "dazzled" che tradotto significa "abbagliante", "splendente" e ci ricorda così la caratteristica dei vampiri creati da Stephenie Meyer; un orecchino con un luminoso cuore swarovski "moonlight" che ricorda il regalo di Edward a Bella.
An earring with a pendant that says "Dazzled" and reminds us the characteristic of vampires created by Stephenie Meyer; an earring with a bright "moonlight" swarovski heart recalls the gift of Edward to Bella.
Per informazioni, scrivimi a [email protected] / For information, write to [email protected]قالب گیری تزریقی به دو روش تک حفره ای و چند حفره ای انجام می شود. هر دو فرایند تک حفره ای و چند حفره ای به مجموعه عملیات اولیه یکسانی نیاز دارند و از نظر زمانی نیز یکسان هستند. هر کدام از این روش ها برای پروژه های مخصوصی استفاده می شوند و مزایا و معایب خود را دارند.
چگونکی عملکرد قالب گیری تزریقی
قالب گیری تزریقی
با درست کردن خود قالب شروع می شود. قالب بعد از ساخته شدن با پلاستیک ذوب شده پر می شود تا قطعه مورد نظر تشکیل شود.
قالب های تک حفره ای در هر چرخه یک محصول و قالب های چند حفره ای در هر چرخه چند محصول را تولید می کنند.
زمانی که قالب ساخته می شود، قالب گیری تزریقی وارد یک فرایند شش مرحله ای می شود و به راحتی قابل تکرار است. سپس پلاستیک ذوب شده وارد قالب می شود و به آن فرصت خنک شدن داده می شود تا به حالت جامد درآید. در آخرین مرحله قالب باز می شود و پین های اجکتور قطعه را از قالب جدا می کنند.
مقایسه و انتخاب قالب تک حفره ای و چند حفره ای
قالب های تک حفره ای یا چند حفره ای بسته به زمانی که کاربر دارد و نوع تقاضای آن ممکن است انتخاب شود.
وقتی قطعات مشابه زیادی در زمان مشخصی باید ساخته شود قالب های چند حفره ای انتخاب می شوند. این قالب ها به تولیدکنندگان امکان ساخت قطعات بیشتر با سرعت بالاتری را می دهد و مهمترین مزیت این روش سرعت تولید بالای آن است.
اما همیشه این
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占据所有地位了，近几年我们会发现，国产车开始越来越被人们关注了，也慢慢在行业内占据了不错的地位，销量也是在不断上升。作为这其中的代表来说，长城就拥有着非常不错的成绩。长......
新型碰瓷来了，碰到最少被讹八千起步，有行车记录仪也没用对于众多车主来说，在行车过程中最担心的就是发生事故了，由于自己是机动车，即使自己没有责任，最少也得承担事故责任的10%，而一般发生事故都得是一笔不......
不合规网约车大限将至？12月31日，网约车无“双证”车主要下岗？不合规网约车清退大限将至。根据相关部门要求，今年12月31日前，河南要全面清退不符合条件的车辆和驾驶员网约车无“双证”车主将要下岗？滴滴......
表妹：我追尾了，撞的是五菱，要赔25万！表哥：什么五菱这么贵一提到五菱宏光，大家立马会心生敬仰之情。就因为它一战成名，才成为了国人心目中的“神车”。当然，它之所以这么受国人欢迎，不仅是因为它有“神车”......|Haiti Table of Contents
The system of public and private monopolies, including parastatals and import-substitution industries, developed under the Duvaliers. These industries generated great wealth for a handful of powerful families in Port-au-Prince, which resulted in politicized economic decision making. This elite sector saw itself threatened by the fall of the Duvalier regime. Under interim rule, volatile competition arose among certain business interests and military factions. Key members of the business community backed Duvalierist presidential candidates who were likely to protect the lucrative business privileges established under the old regime.
Intermediary classes (those between the wealthy elite and the impoverished masses) grew significantly during the Duvalier era. François Duvalier's political strategy of appealing to the black middle class created a new constituency for political patronage, government employment, and the rapid accumulation of wealth through the political system. The growth of the black middle class was closely linked to the Duvalier era, and it contributed to the tremendous growth of Port-au-Prince after the 1950s.
The long-standing tendencies toward the centralization of wealth and of power in Port-au-Prince greatly increased during the Duvalier era. The income gap between upper and lower income groups widened, and rural areas suffered accordingly. Growing rural-to-urban migration, primarily to Port-au-Prince, and emigration, especially to the United States, also had an impact on the political environment and on aspirations for change. The Duvalier era saw an unprecedented level of emigration to North America along with smaller waves of emigration to other Caribbean countries, Latin America, Europe, and Africa. Emigration had an important impact on Haitian politics. Emigrés maintained numerous fragmented political parties in exile. Emigration also caused huge sums of foreign currency to enter into the economy through remittances. It raised Haitians' consciousness of the outside world, and it led to easier upward social mobility for members of the new intermediary classes by alleviating competition for scarce jobs.
More about the Government and Politics of Haiti.
Source: U.S. Library of Congressآمریکا: زادگاه باربیکیو، بوربن و قهوه سرد ونتی.
اما احتمالا بهترین محصول نبوغ آمریکایی؟ جین.
به همان اندازه که شلوار جین ساده و متداول است، پیدا کردن یک شلوار جین عالی می تواند دلهره آور باشد. صدها مارک، مناسب و شستشو وجود دارد. هنگامی که جفت مناسب خود را پیدا کردید، هرگز رها نخواهید کرد. چیزهای کمی در یک جین جین تیره و زیبا، مردی را شکست می دهد.
در این راهنما، ما همه چیزهایی را که در مورد یافتن شلوار جین مناسب برای خود نیاز دارید، از جمله موارد زیر را به شما معرفی می کنیم:
- هنگام خرید شلوار جین به چه نکاتی توجه کنیم
- ایده های لباس برای پوشیدن شلوار جین
- چرا شلوار جین صاف بهتر از بوت کات است؟
شلوار جین نیز مانند چینی ها باید با هر چیزی پوشیده شود. این راحت است، زیرا پوشیدن جین خام اغلب آنها را سریعتر می شکند و به آنها کمک می کند تا “شخصیت” پیدا کنند.
تمام محو شدن و ناراحتی که در شلوار جین شسته شده گرانتر پیدا می کنید را می توان با پوشیدن آن ها تا حد امکان به سادگی انجام داد.
چرا شلوار جین تیره یکی از ضروریات کمد لباس است؟
یکی از فرآیندهایی که برای علاقه مندان به جین رایج شده است، پوشیدن جین خام به مدت 6 ماه تا یک سال قبل از شستشوی اول است.
این به محو شدن کمک میکند، اما اینکه آیا این مسیر را طی کنید به شما بستگی دارد.
نه، جین مانند شلوارهای دیگر نیازی به شستن مکرر ندارد، اما برای شستن جین خود نیز زیاد منتظر نمانید، زیرا باکتری ها می توانند الیاف را سریعتر از بین ببرند.
یک قانون خوب این است که بعد از اولین شستن، شستن شلوار جین خود را هر سه ماه یکبار انجام دهید.
یک شلوار جین عالی با همه چیز ست می شود. کلاسیک ترین ظاهر، شلوار جین و تی شرت سفید است، اما تعویض تی شرت با پیراهن سفید، ظاهری کلاسیک و غیر رسمی ایجاد می کند.
اکثر محیطهای اداری فقط جین تیره/خام و گزینههای غیررسمی قابل قبولی برای کار پیدا میکنند. و هیچ چیز نمی گوید آخر هفته پاییزی کلاسیک شبیه جین خام و یک سویشرت خاکستری است.
اکنون که خلاصهای از آنچه را که باید در یک جین جین خام جستجو کنید، دریافت کردهاید، این مجموعه از شلوار جین را در طیفی از برشها و مدلها بررسی کنید.
در شلوار جین تیره به دنبال چه چیزی باشید
مواد
ممکن است قبلاً یک شلوار جین داشته باشید، اما به احتمال زیاد آنها قدیمی و کمی قدیمی هستند. کمد لباس خود را با یک جفت جین خام خوب و مناسب تنظیم کنید. جین خام تیره، شسته نشده است و باید نقطه شروع کشوی شلوار جین هر مردی باشد.
زیبایی جین خام در مقایسه با جین شسته در این است که با گذشت زمان جین به الگوی خاص شما محو میشود (جین خام نیز ارزانتر از جینهای شسته شده است). مزیت دیگر جین خام این است که بهتر از جین پژمرده لباس می پوشد. جین تیره برای جمعه های غیررسمی و همچنین شب های ملاقات عالی است.
مناسب
دقیقاً مانند پیراهن، به دنبال شلوار جین 100٪ نخی باشید و به خاطر داشته باشید که آنها کشیده می شوند.
اجازه دهید تکرار کنم: آنها دراز خواهند کرد.
در حالی که می خواهید راحت باشید، بهتر است با جفتی شروع کنید که کمی تنگ هستند تا کمی گشاد، زیرا برای مدت طولانی در این حالت باقی نمی مانند. برای بسیاری از برندهای جین، کشش بند کمر و کل اینچ پس از چند بار پوشیدن، غیر معمول نیست. نشیمنگاه و ران ها برای شروع باید نرم باشند اما نه خیلی نرم. باز شدن پا یک موضوع ترجیحی شخصی است، اما به خاطر داشته باشید که هرگز نباید آنقدر باریک باشد که نتوانید پای خود را از آن عبور دهید. در مورد طول، همیشه به جای کوتاهتر به سمت طولانی تر اشتباه کنید. جین را همیشه می توان کوتاهتر کرد، اما نمی توان آن را بلند کرد.
جزئیات
چند جزئیات کاربردی و شیک وجود دارد که برای جین منحصر به فرد است و خرید شلوار جین را به یک بازی IRL از «ماجراجویی خودتان انتخاب کنید» تبدیل می کند.
اولین مورد زیپ فلای در مقابل پرواز دکمه ای است.
اولین شلوار جین 501 لوی اشتراوس دارای یک دکمه بود. شلوار جین فلای زیپ دار تا دهه ها بعد معرفی نشد.
بسیاری تا به امروز ظاهر جین دکمه دار را ترجیح می دهند. حس کلاسیک و محکمی دارد (همچنین لازم نیست نگران گیر کردن چیزها در زیپ خود باشید).
با این حال، برای دیگران، این یک گزاره به خصوص ترسناک است، به ویژه زمانی که طبیعت می خواهد. اگر هرگز آن را انجام نداده اید، ارزش دارد یک جفت جین دکمه دار را امتحان کنید.
جزئیات دیگری که می توانید بین آن ها انتخاب کنید، جین selvedge در مقابل جین غیر خودی است.
اسجین elvedge پارچهای است که روی یک ماشین بافندگی بافندگی تولید میشود که یک لبه خود تمام شده ایجاد میکند (خود لبه… میفهمید؟) که برخی از مارکها برای نشان دادن کیفیت آن را روی درز بیرونی جین میگذارند.
جین سلویج به طور کلی محصولی برتر نسبت به جین های غیر خودی در نظر گرفته می شود، و بالا بردن سرآستین برای نشان دادن خط خود می تواند یک لمس شیک و زیبا باشد. اگرچه مارکهای بسیاری وجود دارند که جینهای غیرخودی با کیفیت بالا تولید میکنند، جینهای selvedge یک اصالت استایلی به آن اضافه میکنند که برای برخی قابل شکست نیست.
در مورد شلوار جین بوت کات چطور؟
یک کیف برای شلوار بوت برش وجود دارد. یکی خیلی خاص و این است – چکمه می پوشی؟ ضربات واقعی sh*t که توسط شخصیت های پوشیده شده است چراغ های شب جمعه (پاره كردن FNL!)، یا، من نمی دانم، کابوی های واقعی?
اگر چنین است، به برشهای چکمهتان ادامه دهید، زیرا واقعاً به باز کردن پاهای پهنتری نیاز دارید که این استایل برای آن ایجاد شده است.
اگر این شما نیستید، پس…نه. شما هیچ عشقی برای ظاهر برش چکمه از من پیدا نخواهید کرد.
البته، شما تنها مردی نیستید که ساق پا بزرگتری نسبت به ساق پا دارد – این، اوم… همه بچهها.
به این معنا که بسیاری از مردان با همان تیپ بدنی شما قبلاً سوار قطاری با پاهای مستقیم شدهاند و شلواری را که در دوران دانشگاه دوست داشتند، پشت سر گذاشتهاند. اگر آنها می توانند پس تو هم می توانی.
زیرا شک شما درست است: برای آینده قابل پیش بینی، یک شلوار باریک و صاف همان جایی است که در آن قرار دارد.
از نظر تمایل شما به “تعادل” چیزها، منظورم این است که من آن را درک می کنم. من صندوق عقب پر از آشغال خودم را دارم که نگرانش باشم.
اما من مطمئن نیستم که چه زمانی تصمیم گرفته شد که شلوارهای بوت برش اصلاً تعادل را برقرار کنند. لباس هایی که به بهترین شکل به اندام شما می رسند، لباس هایی هستند که بیشتر از سیلوئت شما پیروی می کنند. از آنجایی که مچ پاهای شما گشاد نمی شود، شلوارتان نیز نباید گشاد شود.
به صراحت بگویم، تنها چیزی که شلوار بوت بر روی یک پسر پوشانده می شود، قسمت بالای کفش اوست.
چرا شلوار جین راسته همه کاره ترین هستند
علاوه بر این، شلوارهای راسته در کمد لباس شما بسیار متنوعتر هستند. شما نمی توانید یک شلوار کوتاه بوت را با یک کت کت و شلوار بپوشید (یا اگر این کار را می کنید، نباید). شلوارهای راسته با همه چیز، از تی شرت و کفش های کتانی گرفته تا کت اسپورت و کفش های کتانی مناسب هستند.
برای من، مردی که شلوار برش چکمه پوشیده، متیو مککانهی را در بهترین حالت تداعی میکند. گیج و گیجو – در بدترین حالت – یونیفورم پسرانه با شلوار جین پژمرده و فرسوده، هودی مدرسه و بهترین میلواکی در یک دست. یعنی، در بهترین سناریوشما مرا یاد پسری می اندازید که دختران دبیرستانی را در حالی که سبیل کودک آزاری می پوشاند، شکار می کند… در سال 1976.
و در حالی که ناگفته نماند، به هر حال آن را خواهم گفت – مدل شلوار راسته است نه مثل لاغر.
پوشیدن شلوار دم راست خواهد بود نه شما را شبیه همسایه سیزده ساله ایمو emo پدر و مادرتان می کند که همیشه در تیپ های کنسرت گروه هایی که نامشان را نمی شناسید و شلوارهایی که نقاشی شده به نظر می رسند، عصبانی به نظر می رسد. تا زمانی که در اندازه خود خرید کنید، شما باید به همان اندازه که در چکمه های فعلی خود احساس راحتی می کنید در یک پای صاف احساس راحتی کنید.
حالا، آیا باز شدن ساق شلوار شما با زنی که میخواهید تحت تأثیر قرار دهید، ظاهر شما را ایجاد میکند یا میشکند؟
نه. اما او بیشتر مایل است که یک جفت شلوار راسته را به شما بدهد تا سبکی که در دوره بوش به اوج محبوبیت خود رسید.
> اطلاعات داخلی SG بیشتری در Pinterest دریافت کنید!Study of R. Minus
A Study of R. minus in Alabama and Georgia
John T. Thornton
We received a research grant from the American Rhododendron Society Research Foundation to study R. minus Michx. as it occurs along tributaries of the Chattahoochee River along the southern part of the Georgia-Alabama border. This is also the area where R. prunifolium (Small) Millais, the plum leaf azalea, grows wild.
S. D. Coleman, a Ft. Gaines, Ga., nurseryman, suggested that the southern Chattahoochee R. minus was distinct horticulturally and more attractive in flower than the type from North Carolina.
We had observed a few plants of both types of R. minus. Our impression was that R. minus from the Chattahoochee River were shorter, more compact and earlier blooming by two weeks than those from North Carolina. Flowers of southern Chattahoochee R. minus often have yellow-orange flares while typical flowers of R. minus have green flares.
Our original plan was to locate and study populations of the southern Chattahoochee R. minus in flower. We planned to compare them with typical R. minus and possibly name and introduce superior forms. We also hoped to observe native azaleas and other plants in the area.
We located two populations of R. minus in southwest Georgia and one population in southeast Alabama. We became aware that there were extensive populations of R. minus between Montgomery and Birmingham where the Appalachian Piedmont extends into central Alabama. We also were informed by John Freeman that R. minus had recently been located in Monroe County in southwest Alabama. A distribution map shows R. minus in Covington County in south- central Alabama on the Florida border (Fig. 1).
We went on several trips to study R. minus in flower, but found this method of study frustrating because of weather conditions and distances involved. We found that some populations of R. minus do not bloom every year. Plants growing in dense shade have poor quality, faded flowers that are hard to evaluate.
We then decided to change our strategy and to study R. minus throughout its distribution with particular emphasis on its southernmost locations.
Instead of relying on blooming plants in the wild, we decided to obtain single cuttings and/or single seed pods from 10 to 30 plants in a location. Seed would be blended from each location and a sample of at least 100 plants grown to flowering size. We found that cuttings of R. minus taken any time of the year root easily. Seed gathered as early as August I proved to germinate freely.
We have tried to determine the south-western limit of the distribution of R. minus in Alabama. We spent a day looking for R. minus in Clark County in early May 1989. Clark County is located between the junction of the Alabama and Tombigbee rivers in southwestern Alabama. There we looked for Kalmia latifolia L. in flower since R. minus usually grows in association with it. We found a few colonies of K. latifolia but no R. minus. We found no native azaleas in bloom either.
We have been unable to confirm the existence of R. minus in Covington County in south-central Alabama. We scouted the southern part of the county. Wildlife biologists from the area were not aware of its presence there.
Haines Island Park in Monroe County seems to be the southwestern limit of R. minus distribution in Alabama. Plants we have located grow in rocky soil. They are low-growing, averaging 3 to 4 feet in height. They have not bloomed for the last three years (1989-1991).
We found a large population of R. alabamense Rehd. growing along the Big Flat Creek in Monroe County. These plants seemed to be much taller growing than the type form of R. alabamense from northern Alabama. Many plants were over 15 feet tall with 5-inch diameter trunks. Flowering occurs after the new growth. Flower or petal colors were white to pink with a yellow-orange blotch. The blotches seemed to be more pronounced than in the type form. The flowers were extremely fragrant. We often could smell the flowers before we could find them. Some plants had flowers with heavy substance and may be polyploid.
These R. alabamense bloom from about May 1 to May 21. The R. canescens (Michx.) Sweet growing in the area flower between March 15 and April 15. We have observed very little over- lap between the flowering seasons of these two species, although both species showed evidence of hybridization. For instance, some R. canescens have yellow blotches and some R. alabamense have pink tubes.
We have propagated two plants of R. alabamense from the area. 'Alabama Fountain'* is pink with yellow blotch. Another clone yet to be named and registered, has such a prominent blotch that the flowers appear orange from a distance.
In mid-May 1989 we spent a day scouting Coosa County, Alabama. Rhododendron minus was abundant everywhere. It was in full bloom along with K. latifolia. From a distance, it was difficult to tell R. minus from K. latifolia. On close inspection, R. minus proved to be much more variable in flower color than K. latifolia. Colors ranged from near white to deep pink. Rhododendron minus was always lower growing than K. latifolia. It rarely was over 7 feet tall.
The Coosa County R. minus suffered extensively from a leaf disorder. This disorder caused necrosis of large areas of
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Robert Clausen, “Meksika Platosunun Kuzey Amerika Kuzey Amerika'sındaki Sedum” kitabında, çiçek salkımlarındaki küçük farklılıklara dayanarak ( S. nussbaumerianum , aynı düzlemde çiçeklere sahipken, onları ayrı türler olarak ele aldı. S. adolphi , zillerde farklı seviyelerde taç yapraklarına sahiptir). Ancak gerçekler S. nussbaurianum , S ile eşanlamlı olarak kabul edilmelidir. adolphi . İki bitki aynı kromozom sayısına sahiptir, aynı kaynaktan yetiştirilen bitkilerden (1024 Carl Purpus tarafından toplanan tohumlar) ve her ikisinde de corymbiform çiçeklenme vardır. 12 yıl önceliği ile Sedum adolphi geçerli ad.
Yetiştirme Koşulları ve Genel Bakım
Tam güneşten filtrelenmiş gölgeye sahip bir yer seçin. Golden Sedums, kaya bahçeleri için ideal bir bitkidir çünkü arka planda, alçak formda hızla yayılır. Vade sonunda 8 inç (20 cm) uzunluğunda ve en fazla 2 fit (60 cm). Golden Sedum, karışık konteyner bahçelerinde hatta duvar veya teraslarda da kullanılabilir.
Bu sulu toprak çoğu toprağı tolere eder ancak hafif, hafif kumlu, iyi drene olan topraklarda gelişir. Islak, suyla dolu topraklarda kökler çürür ve bitkiler hastalık ve haşere problemlerine maruz kalır. Bitki Altın Sedum 2 fit (20 cm). Bu bitkiyi diğer sulu meyveler veya az büyüyen, kuraklığa dayanıklı yer örtücüleriyle birleştirin.
Golden Sedum, derin bir kök sistemi oluşturduktan sonra kuraklığa toleranslıdır. Bu bitkiyi sulamanın en iyi yolu “ıslat ve kurut” yöntemini kullanmaktır. Toprağı tamamen ıslatın ve tekrar sulamadan önce toprağın kurumasını bekleyin. Dengeli bir gübre ile her yıl gübreleyin. İlkbaharda yeni büyüme ortaya çıktıkça gübreyi paket talimatlarına göre toprağa uygulayın.
Bitki dağınık görünmeye başlarsa çiçekleri çıkarmak için bir tel düzeltici ile düzeltin. Yeni büyümeyi teşvik etmek için Altın Sedum'u dört yılda bir bölün.
Yayılma
Golden Sedum'u etkili bir şekilde yaymanın üç yolu vardır: tohumdan, yaprak kesimlerinden ve gövde kesimlerinden.
Kaynak: sfgate.com
Bağlantılar
- Cine dön Sedum
- Succulentopedia: Sulu meyvelere Bilimsel Ada, Ortak Ad, Cins, Aile, USDA Sağlamlık Bölgesi, Köken veya Kaktüslere göre göz atın- From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Trialware is one type of shareware. It is software that the user can only use for a short time.
From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Trialware is one type of shareware. It is software that the user can only use for a short time. Then it expires. If the person wishes to keep using the program, he or she must buy a registration key or password. Trialware may be set up by date or days.
Trialware is one type of shareware.ref>https://www.yourdictionary.com/trialware</ref> It is software that the user can only use for a short time. Then it expires. If the person wishes to keep using the program, he or she must buy a registration key or password. Trialware may be set up by date or days.
File system. FileZilla. Final Cut Pro X. Firewall (networking) Fixppo. Folder (computing) Fork (software development) Free and open-source software. Free software movement.
Trialware From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is a type of software that is free but has only limited time for free usage 4. Trialware or Trial Software, is computer software that can be run for a limited period of time before it expires and stops working.The idea behind this concept is that the user gets a chance to
Trialware and freeware. Website. docs .microsoft .com /en-us /cpp /. Microsoft Visual C++ is a coding environment made by Microsoft, mainly used for coding in C and C++. The software provides helpful tools for programmers, such as a debugging tool to help find bugs in written code.
- Dows 8.1
New features include a Windows Store where users can buy computer programs or download them for free. Windows To Go allows users to run the complete Windows system from a USB drive. Windows 8 provides a new graphic user interface – Modern (also called Metro) UI (suitable for phone, tablet, notebook, and classic PCs). This interface shows “tiles” which work as links and also as interactive widgets (tools like RSS, weather, e-mails). Modern UI is best used with a touchscreenbut can be controlled by mouse and keyboard. Windows 8 still offers the classic desktop interface as an option. Microsoft reworked the booting process, replacing classic BIOSwith a new system called UEFI. This provides secure boot, which is protection against viruses. Although Windows 8 is faster than Windows 7, it demands more pixels on the screen. The minimum is 1366 x 768 pixels, which affects many users of laptopsthat have a maximum resolution of 1024 x 600 pixels. Some users with old hardware have for that rea...
Two months after Windows 8 was released, there were rumors that Microsoft was making a major update to be codenamed "Blue". In May 2013, Microsoft announced that "Windows Blue" was the codename for Windows 8.1. On June 26, 2013, Microsoft released build 9431 as the Windows 8.1 Preview, which could be downloaded. On August 14, 2013, Microsoft announced that Windows 8.1 would be released digitally on October 17 and released in stores and in new computers on October 18. It included greater customization and new bundled apps such as a calculator, sound recorder, and file manager. In April 2014, Microsoft released an update for Windows 8.1 with improvements for keyboard and mouse users. The update pins the Windows Store on the taskbar. Each modern app has a bar at the top and can be closed the same way desktop apps are closed.↑ "Shared Source Initiative". microsoft.com. Microsoft. Retrieved October 28, 2013.↑ Windows 8 has reached the RM milestone. August 1, 2012↑ "Windows reimagined. #Windows8". Blogging Windows. Archived from the original on 2012-10-27. Retrieved 2019-06-10.↑ "Microsoft Support Lifecycle, Windows 8". Microsoft. Retrieved January 8, 2014.دکتر سید شهاب الدین فاطمی مترجم رسمی شناخته شده از سوی NAATI در استرالیا می باشند. با داشتن عنوان مترجم رسمی (NAATI Acceredited Professional Translator) مدارک ترجمه شده توسط ایشان در تمامی ادارات و مراکز دولتی کشور استرالیا پذیرفته می شوند.
تمامی مدارک ترجمه شده توسط ما، با مهر NAATI ممهور می شوند.
هزینه ترجمه مدارک از فارسی به انگلیسی مطابق جدول زیر می باشد.
برای انجام امور ترجمه شما می توانید به صورت آنلاین سفارش بدهید. به این منظور صفحه سفارش ترجمه ما را ببینید:
در صورت نیاز به هر گونه اطلاعات بیشتر، می توانید با دفتر ما در بریسبین (استرالیا) تماس بگیرید:L’attrice Miriana Trevisan è stata rinviata a giudizio con l’accusa di diffamazione ai danni del produttore Massimo Caroletti. La donna aveva denunciato, nel corso di un’intervista a un settimanale, di aver ricevuto avances dal produttore esecutivo durante le fasi di preparazione del film ‘Bastardi’, del 2006. Inoltre, a suo dire, poiché aveva rifiutato l’uomo, l’attrice aveva visto il suo ruolo nella produzione molto ridimensionato, con il taglio di diverse scene relative al suo personaggio.
In seguito a queste affermazioni Caroletti ha presentato una denuncia in Procura. La richiesta del PM a procedere è stata poi accolta dal giudice per le indagini preliminari di Roma. L’udienza è fissata per il 12 marzo prossimo.Fort Bayard (1) (1862-1865) - A Union U.S. Civil War fort established in 1862 in Northwest Washington DC. Construction began in 1862 and was completed in 1863. Named for Brevet Brigadier General of Volunteers, regular Captain USA, George D. Bayard (Cullum 1721), 4th U.S. Cavalry, who died 14 Dec 1862 from wounds received at Fredericksburg, Virginia, during the U.S. Civil War. Fort abandoned and dismantled in 1865 at the end of the war.
Fort Bayard (1) History
One of the ring of Union fortifications surrounding Washington DC during the U.S. Civil War, see Washington DC Fort Ring.
Fort Bayard & Battery Bayard Plan
Established late in 1862 from plans designed by Colonel Barton Alexander, (Cullum 1117), U.S. Engineers. The design was in the form of an ellipse that had a perimeter of 123 yards with eight gun platforms and embrasures. Armament was two 12-pounder smoothbore howitzers on either end and four 20-pounder rifled Parrott guns in the middle (2 vacant gun platforms). A small three gun outworks, Battery Bayard (2), was located to the right of the main works all aligned with a rifle pit.
A 17 May 1864 report from the Union Inspector of Artillery noted the following: "Fort Bayard, Maj. J. M. Murphy commanding.–Garrison, one company Seventh New York Heavy Artillery– 6 commissioned officers, I ordnance-sergeant, 129 men. Armament, two 12-pounder field howitzers and four 20-pounder Parrotts. Magazines, one; dry and in good order. Ammunition, full supply and serviceable. Implements, complete and serviceable. Drill in artillery, ordinary; needs improving. Drill in infantry, very indifferent; needs much improving. Discipline, indifferent. Garrison is not full strength."
Abandoned and dismantled in 1865 at the end of the war.
No visible remains of the fort in Fort Bayard Park, Northwest Washington DC. Map points are not exact but are close.
USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Database Entry: 530886
- Cooling, Benjamin F. III and Owen, Valton H. II, Mr. Lincoln's Forts: A Guide to the Civil War Defenses of Washington, Scarecrow Press, 2009, ISBN 0810863073, ISBN 9780810863071, 334 pages.
- Roberts, Robert B., Encyclopedia of Historic Forts: The Military, Pioneer, and Trading Posts of the United States, Macmillan, New York, 1988, 10th printing, ISBN 0-02-926880-X, page 133-134
Visited: 26 May 2013Web Analytics - Report utilizzabili
Il reporting fruibile è la parte finale dell'analisi analitica. Quando hai finito di raccogliere i dati, il passaggio successivo è la creazione di rapporti utilizzabili. La grafica dei dati aiuta a scrivere punti utilizzabili. Cerca sempre di creare grafici che mostrano le tendenze dei dati perché le immagini rappresentano più informazioni rispetto al testo normale.
Come preparare un report utilizzabile?
Supponiamo di avere i seguenti dati disponibili per un'azienda di e-commerce:
|Nazione
|Stati Uniti d'America
|UK
|Canada
|Australia
|Cina
|India
|Vendita di prodotti
|200
|100
|135
|120
|160
|155
Budget speso
|Nazione
|Stati Uniti d'America
|UK
|Canada
|Australia
|Cina
|India
|Budget speso in $
|10K
|9K
|8 MILA
|9k
|8 MILA
|5K
Punti utilizzabili
Il paese che genera le entrate più elevate è gli Stati Uniti, aumentare il budget per gli Stati Uniti.
L'India ha un alto potenziale. Se raddoppiamo il budget, possiamo ottenere buone entrate (dall'India).
La Cina sta andando bene. Possiamo aumentare anche il budget per la Cina.
Il Regno Unito non è all'altezza, quindi smetti di spendere soldi lì o trova nuove tecniche per migliorare le vendite.
Il Canada e l'Australia hanno bisogno di miglioramenti. Prova per il segmento successivo. Se trovi gli stessi dati nel segmento successivo, smetti di spendere soldi anche lì.Folder located in the Start menu in a Windows operating environment (contains useful mini-applications, such as the Calculator, WordPad, Notepad, etc.); helper programs
1. Equipment, trappings; specifically; a soldier's outfit usually not including clothes and weapons — usually used in plural; an accessory item of clothing or equipment — usually used in plural
2. An identifying and often superficial characteristic or device — usually used in plural
3. Necessary equipment.
accoutrements / əkuːtəmənts /
apparatus / æpərætəs /
1. A set of materials or equipment designed for a particular use; A group of anatomical or cytological parts functioning together; An instrument or appliance designed for a specific operation
2. The functional processes by means of which a systematized activity is carried out; as the machinery of government; the organization of a political party or an underground movement
ETYM Cf. French appointement.
1. A scheduled meeting.
2. The act of putting a person into a non-elective position; SYN. assignment, designation, naming.
3. The job to which one is (or hope to be) appointed.
4. (Usually plural) Furnishings and equipment (especially for a ship or hotel); SYN. fitting.
5. (Law) The act of disposing of property by virtue of the power of appointment.
appurtenance / əpɝːtɪnəns /
ETYM Old Fren. apurtenaunce, apartenance, French appartenance, Late Lat. appartenentia, from Latin appertinere. Related to Appertain.
That which belongs to something else; an adjunct; an appendage; an accessory; something annexed to another thing more worthy; in common parlance and legal acceptation, something belonging to another thing as principle.
Machinery, appliances, structures and other parts of the main structure necessary to allow it to operate as intended, but not considered part of the main structure.
A subordinate or adjunct part of.
Belonging; appendage; subsidiary right; pl. apparatus; paraphernalia.
ETYM French caparaçon, from Spanish caparazon a cover for a saddle, coach, etc.; capa cloak, cover (fr. Late Lat. capa, cf. Late Lat. caparo also from capa) + the term. azon. Related to Cap.
A decorated covering for a horse, especially (formerly) for a warhorse; SYN. trapping, housing, housings.
Ornamented covering for a horse; armor; harness.
equipage / ekwɪpɪdʒ /
1. Material or articles used in equipment; outfit
2. Horse-drawn carriage; equipment and appurtenances; archaic, retinue.
equipment / ɪkwɪpmənt /
ETYM Cf. French équipement. Related to Equip.
An artifact needed for an undertaking or to perform a service.
ETYM Old Eng. gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing, adornment, armor, from gearo, gearu, ready, yare; akin to Old High Germ. garawî, garwî ornament, dress. Related to Yare, Garb dress.
Miscellaneous articles needed for a particular operation or sport etc.; SYN. paraphernalia, appurtenances.
habiliment / həbɪləmənt /
Attire, the dress characteristic of an occupation or occasion.
harness / hɑːrnəs /
ETYM Old Eng. harneis, harnes, Old Fren. harneis, French harnais, harnois; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. harnez old iron, armor, W. haiarn iron, Armor. houarn, Irish iarann, Gael. iarunn. Related to Iron.
1. An arrangement of leather straps fitted to a draft animal so that it can be attached to and pull a cart.
2. An arrangement of straps for holding something to the body (especially one supporting a person suspended from a parachute).
1. Cosmetics applied to the face to improve or change one's appearance; SYN. make-up, war paint.
2. Cosmetics; especially, cosmetics applied to the face to enhance one's appearance.
3. Cosmetics applied to an actor's face in order to give it an appearance in accord with the character he plays.
ETYM as. plante, Latin planta.
1. An actor situated in the audience whose acting is rehearsed but seems spontaneous to the audience.
2. Buildings for carrying on industrial labor; SYN. works, industrial plant.
3. Something or someone used secretly for discovery by another.
refit / rifɪt /
Outfitting a ship again (by repairing or replacing parts).
1. A state of arrangement or appearance:; SYN. trimness.
2. Attitude of an aircraft in flight when allowed to take its own orientation.
3. Cutting down to the desired size or shape; SYN. trimming, clipping.
utensil / juːtensəl /
ETYM French utensile, ustensile, Latin utensile, from utensilis that may be used, fit for use, from uti, p. p. usus, to use. Related to Use.
An implement for practical use (especially in a household).کاربرد چیلر در تهویه مطبوع به این صورت است که آب سرد یا گرم شده در چیلر برای سرد کردن و کاهش رطوبت هوا و یا گرم کردن و افزایش دما در واحدهای مسکونی، اداری، صنعتی و تجاری متوسط تا بزرگ استفاده می شود.
درباره شرکت رادکو
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yararlı bir aktivite sunmuyorsanız, yapacak bir şeyler bulacak. Yıkıcı ve zararlı bir şey.
Alice veya Roy'unuzun Monte Cristo'nun sayımını tekrarlamaya çalışmasının ve çitin altında bir çukur kazmanın bir başka nedeni de, canlı varlıkların temel içgüdülerini tatmin etmektir. Çiftleşme ihtiyacı budur. İhtiyacı olan bir orospu için, bir göz ve bir göze ihtiyaç vardır, ve eğer bir köpek çevredeki bir kokuyu duyuyorsa, bir kazı yapmak ve bir gün için kaçmak için yapılan girişimlerin günden güne tekrarlanacağından emin olabilirsiniz. Köpeğin sonunda bitmemesi için, sahibin tedbir alması gerekir: Yavru yetiştirmenin yaşam planlarının bir parçası değilse eşleşmek veya sterilize etmek için bir köpek bulmak.
Yaz aylarında, köpek toprağın kuru ve sıcak toprağını çıkarmak için zemini kazar ve aşırı ısınmadan kaçan ıslak, serin zeminde uzanır. Bakmakta olan bir kişi köpeğe bir alternatif sunacaktır - suyla bir çukur, gölgede ya da terasta yayılan nemli bir bez.
Özellikle ev köpekleri stok yapmayı, yerdeki oyuncakları ve yemek kalıntılarını (kemik, ekmek kabuğu veya kurabiye) sever. Gömülü olanın yeniden gözden geçirilmesi ve gizlenmesi gerekiyor - birileri önbelleğin yerini gördüyse ve şimdi de geliyorsa, her şeyi dışarı çıkaracak ve yiyecek mi?
Bir köpeğin tüm yataklarınızı kazmak için dayanılmaz bir isteği başka bir nedenden kaynaklanabilir: Eğer bir gübre olarak kan veya kemik unu katılmış olan maddeleri kullandıysanız. İnsanların en hoşlarından değil, köpeklerin kemik unu kokusu, bir mıknatıs gibi çeker ve bu cazip “lezzet” kaynağının kaynağını bulmak için onları yere kazdırır.
Eğer aniden hamile kaltak bir delik açmaya başladıysa, ona doğum yapmak için bir yer hazırlayın, zamanı.
Birkaç metrekare için üzülmüyorsanız, köpeğe yere kazabildiği bir yer verin. Belirlenmiş yere saf kum koyun ve evcil hayvanınızı sadece orada kazmaya öğretin. En sevdiğin köpek oyuncaklarına komut istemek için öğretirseniz, genellikle bunu yapmak zor değildir. Köpek başka bir yerde kazmaya başlarsa - bu amaç için belirlenen sahada kazmayı teşvik etmek için bir kısıtlama komutu kullanın. Yakında köpek, kazmanın mümkün ve nerede imkansız olduğunu nerde öğrenecek.
Delikleri ve çukurları yanlış yere atmak için evcil hayvan dükkanlarında satılan özel aletler kullanabilirsiniz.
Köpeğin ne yaparsa yapsın - sinirlenmeyin. Olumlu bir tutum ve evcil hayvanınızı anlamak için samimi bir arzu ile, köpeğinizin istenmeyen davranışlarını düzeltebilirsiniz.
Bahçede delik kazmak için bir köpek nasıl soyulur - 6 kanıtlanmış yol
Kürklü dört ayaklı arkadaşların sahipleri, iyi yetiştirilmiş ve kültürlü bir köpek, araziyi, yatakları, çiçek yataklarını ve etrafa saçılan kirleri aktif olarak kazmaya başladığında, bir problemle karşılaşabilir. Bahçede delik açmak için bir köpeği ıslatmak, ancak hayvan sahibi bu tür eylemlere neden olan sebepleri anladıktan sonra mümkündür.
Ana sebepleri bilen bir kişi durumu dolaylı olarak etkileyebilir ve hayvansal faaliyetlerle oldukça kısa sürede baş edebilir.
Ana nedenleri
Bilim adamları zemini kazmanın bir hayvanın doğal ve normal fizyolojik davranışı olduğunu kanıtlamıştır. Bu kurallardan sapma değil, köpeğin insan tarafından evcilleştirilmediği günlerde ortaya çıkan temel içgüdülerden birinin tezahürüdür.
Hayvanlar kendileri için bir gecede yerleştikleri delikleri kazdılar ve ışığa döküldüler. Sıcak havalarda çukurlar toprağı çıkarmak ve daha soğuk yerlere ulaşmak için çıkarıldı.
Köpekler birkaç ana nedenden dolayı delikler kazar:
- Tüm köpeklerde içkin olan avcı içgüdüsü ve özellikle dachshund ve terriers gibi cinslere. Evcil hayvanlar, hayvanları ve deliklerini bulmaya çalışıyorlar. O köpekler - terrier ırkı, tilki, rakun ve diğer hayvanların araştırılmasında zemini kazmaya başladılar.
- Sıkıntıdan kurtulma. Doğa tarafından aşırı enerjiyle donatılan köpekler, kendilerini bir şeylerle meşgul etmek için kazmaya başlayabilirler. Huskies, Malamutes ve Korece-Fince huskies - Bu huskies tüm türlerde özellikle belirgindir. Bu köpekler büyük bir enerji kaynağına sahiptir ve sahibinin kendilerine gereken ilginin yokluğunda, evcil hayvanlar parklar, yataklar ve çiçek yataklarında zemini kazmaya başlayabilir.
- Kaçmaya teşebbüs. Çoğu zaman köpeklerde toprağı kazma sebebi, üreme içgüdüsü haline gelir. Erkek, otuyavshiy dişi, çeşitli yöntemler kullanarak ona ulaşmak için her yolu deneyecek. Böyle bir yöntem bir tünel kazıyor. Köpeğe bir çift bularak bu davranışı önleyebilirsiniz ya da köpeğe daha fazla yavru alma arzusu yoksa, veterinerle kastrasyon için başvurun.
- Isıdaki serinliği arayın. Yaz aylarında sıcak günlerde, köpek sahipleri hayvanın sadece gölge aramakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda zemini kazmaya başladığına dikkat çekiyorlar. Bu davranış, serinlik arama ile ilişkilidir. Isıtılmış toprağın katmanlarını çıkarmak, evcil hayvan daha serin ve daha nemli bir yer bulmaya çalışır. Bu, köpeğin sıcak çarpmasından kaçınmasına izin verir. Bu tür durumlardan kaçınmak için, suyla bir oluk ile açık hava kafesi sağlamak veya zemine ıslak bir bez koymak gerekir.
- Stoklanmasının. Hiçbir şey olmayınca lezzetleri saklamak - uzak atalardan gelen köpeklerde bırakılan temel içgüdülerden biri. Köpekler, sadece yemek değil, en sevdikleri ürünler, oyuncaklar ve şeyler tarafından da dövülebilir. Belirli bir süre sonra, evcil hayvan değerli eşyalarını saklamak için başka bir yerde tekrar kazmaya başlar.
- Çekici koku. Köpeklerin, en ufak kokuları ayırt etmek için olağandışı hassas ve hassas bir kokuya sahip olmaları bir sır değildir. Yatak kazma nedenlerinden biri, daha önce uygulanan gübrelerin kokusu. İnsanlar için kompost ve et ve kemik unu, görünüşte veya kokuda çekici değildir. Köpekler ile durum farklıdır, en çok sevdiği küf ve çürük köpeklerin kokusu. Evcil hayvan, kokunun kaynağını bulana kadar dünyayı kazıyacaktır.
- Yaklaşan teslimat için hazırlanıyor. Dişiler hamileliğin son haftalarında toprağı kazmaya başlayabilir ve kendileri için bir inzivaya dönüşebilirler. Bu içgüdü, geçici olsa da üstesinden gelmek zordur.
Davranışsal düzeltme yöntemleri
Evcil hayvanınızı bu tür "kirli" eylemlere yönlendiren nedenleri anladığınız ve karar verdiğinizde, bazı önlemleri alabilirsiniz. Pek çok yöntem var, ama hepsi problemle bütünleşik bir yaklaşıma dayanıyor.
Birkaç gün içinde bu durumdan kurtulmanın başarılı olamayacağı unutulmamalıdır. Sabrınız olmalı ve problemi ortadan kaldırmak için zaman ayırmaya hazır olmalısınız.
Ortak iletişim
Her şeyden önce, paylaşım zamanı ile başlamanız gerekir. Ana hedef, evcil hayvanlarınızla iletişimi gereksiz bir rutine veya işe dönüştürmemek. Köpeğin sahibinin en fazla iletişim ve dikkatini aldığından emin olmak önemlidir.
Bir hayvana yeterince ilgi gösterildiğinde, kendinden emin, korkak, utangaç ya da korkulu olmaz. Çoğu durumda, köpekleri liderlerinin dikkatini çekmek için zemini kazmaya başlar.
Neredeyse her zaman işe yaradığını belirtmek gerekir.
Yürüyüşler ve oyuncaklar
Ortak yürüyüşler ve yeni oyuncaklar, hayvanları can sıkıntısından kurtarmaya yardımcı olacak. İyi nedenlerle evcil hayvana dikkat etmemek, köpeği eğlendirmek için düşünmeniz gerekir. Genellikle, sahipleri başka bir köpeğe sahip olması tavsiye edilir. Akrabalarıyla iletişim kurmak, onların sahibinden daha bağımsız olmalarına yardımcı olacaktır.
Yeterli fiziksel aktivite sadece bir köpeğin rahatsız edici davranışlar sergilemesine yönelik bir yöntem değil, aynı zamanda tüm köpek ırklarını ve özellikle de av ırklarını yetiştirmede hayati bir faktördür.
Dikkat edin! Köpek sahibi aşırı aktif bir köpeği eğlendirmeyi bilmiyorsa, köpek uzmanları sudaki oyunlara başvurmayı tavsiye ederler. Sınıflar kırılgan eklemler için korkunç değildir, tüm kas grupları söz konusudur ve hayvan gerçekten dışarı çıkar, bu da yemekten sonra oyuna girip uyumaya izin verir.
sosyalleştirme
Bir evcil hayvanın dış dünya ile uyum içinde var olmasına yardımcı olan becerilerden biri sosyalleşmedir. Köpek, kazma deliklerinin sıradan bir şey olduğunu anlayamaz. Bu gibi durumlarda, hayvana davranışta normal olan ve ne yapılmaması gerektiği konusunda en doğru bilgiyi vermek gerekir.
Köpeğin kötü davranışını teşvik etmek tavsiye edilmez, ancak sabırlı ve özenli olmaya çalışın. Gerçekten kaçınılmaz olan bir köpeği cezalandırabilirsin.
Ceza, yalnızca köpeğin bir "suç" komisyonundan habersiz yakalandığı durumlarda yapılabilir - zemini kazmak. Çukur keşfedildikten sonra ve sahibi bunu yapan% 100 emin, hayvanı azarlamak mantıklı değil.
Başarılı bir işten sonra bir köpeği cezalandırmak, bir problemi çözmede yardımcı olmaz, aksine tam tersine, durumu kötüleştirebilir. Köpekde kaygı artıyor ve sonuç olarak hayvan daha çok kazmaya ve kazmaya başlıyor.
Çitler oluştur
Dikim bölgesini vandalizmden korumak için, bir hayvanın yetişmesi zor olacak taşlarla bir yer kaplamak mümkündür. Kazı alanında küçük bir ızgara (zincir-link) gömebilirsiniz.
Metalik bir şeyin pençeleri altında hissetmek, köpeğe tatsız olacak ve bu tür eylemleri yapmayı bırakacaktır.
Kemirgenleri yok etmek
Bir hayvanın avlayabileceği bölgede yaşayan tüm olası kemirgenleri yok etmek önemlidir.
Dikkat edin! Zararlıların yok edilmesi için kimyasalların kullanılması yasaktır. Zehirli herhangi bir madde köpeğe zehirlenmeye veya ölüme neden olabilir.
Sinirbilim hizmetleri
Bir köpeğin yukarıdaki eylemleri kendi eylemlerini üstlenmezse, profesyonellere dönüşmesi önerilir. Sinomolojideki eğiticiler, evcil hayvanın davranışının nedenini açıkça belirlemeye ve bunu özel tekniklerle eğitmeye yardımcı olacaktır.
Köpekbilimdeki temel sınıflarda, köpeğin sahibinin tartışmasız lideri ve paketteki lideri olarak görmesi gerektiği için iddialı olmanız gerekir. Buna ek olarak, dört ayaklı arkadaşın ana itaat emirlerine - “Fu!”, “Sit!”, “İleri!” Ye eğitilmesi önemlidir. Her gün en az 10 dakika boyunca çalışmak gereklidir.
Toprağa kazma ve kazma içgüdüleri, kanın içine serilmiş olan köpek ırkları vardır. Onları neredeyse imkansız hale getir. Büyük kuş kafesi içinde yaşayan köpekler, dünyanın kazmasını engelleyecek koşullar yaratabilirsiniz.
Kazabileceği bir kum havuzu inşa edebilirsiniz. Yasak yerlerde değil, belirtilen yerde kazarken evcil hayvanı sürekli olarak teşvik etmek önemlidir.
Köpeklerin neden kazmalarının açık ve psikolojik sebepleri
Köpeklerin kazmalarının birkaç nedeni var;
- avcı içgüdüsel davranış. Dachshunds, Fox Terriers, Spaniels, Jagd Terriers ve diğer av ırkları (ve hatta Sibirya Huskies, avcı olmasa bile) yıkık çiçek tarhları, çiçek bahçeleri ve çiçek tarhları ile sıklıkla “keyif”. Bir hayvan kurbanı - bir fare, bir köstebek sense algılayabilir ve dikimleriyle birlikte önemli bir bölge arayışını araştırabilir. Çoğunlukla ağaçların kökleri acı çeker;
- önbellek organizasyonu. Köpek acıkmamışsa, o zaman bu muamele genellikle hayvanın görüntüsünde, kabinde veya bir çeşit sırrın yanında gömülür. Çoğu zaman köpek günde birkaç kez stoklarının güvenliğini kontrol eder, onları başka yerlere gizler. Favori oyuncaklar olabilir. Aynı nedenden ötürü, köpekler dairenin zeminini kazıyor;
- Diyette besin eksikliği. Bazı evcil hayvanlar kökleri, bitkinin sürgünlerinin yeraltı kısımlarını araştırıp yemekten ve böylece vitamin ve mineral eksikliğini telafi etmekten mutlu olurlar;
- ısı koruması. Güneşin kavurucu ışınlarından kaçan hayvan, bir çukur kazıyor ve orada bir zevkle yatıyor. Serin zemin, köpeği yaz aylarında ısıdan korur;
- doğal merak. Hayvan kokuyor ve ona daha yakın olmaya çalışıyor, toprağı kazıyor. Kemik unu veya yiyecek atığı bir bahçe veya sebze bahçesinde malçlama ve gübre olarak kullanılıyorsa, hayvanın kokusunu kaynamaya çalışarak yatakları oldukça bozabilir;
- güvenlik ihtiyacı. Bazen köpek döşemeli mobilyalarda bir delik açmaya çalışır. Bu davranışın nedeni, yerlerinin güvenliği ile ilgili memnuniyetsizliktir. Yatağa ya da kanepeye oturmasına izin verilen evcil hayvanlar, bu bölgeyi kendi inisleri olarak kabul ederler. Döşemeli mobilyalarda bir çukur kazmak için kendi pençeleriyle içgüdüsel olarak. Bir şehir apartmanının rahat koşullarında bile doğal içgüdüler, hayvanı kendisini korumak için zorlar;
- cinsel içgüdü. Bir dişi komşu çitlerle çevrili topraklarda ısınırsa, çitin altından kazmadan yapamazsınız. Güçlü bir doğal içgüdü, kadınları cinsel arzularını özgürleştirmek ve gerçekleştirmek için kazı yapmaya zorlar;
- yalnızlık, can sıkıntısı. Özellikle apartmanlarda, hayvanlar meşgul olmadığında veya uzun bir süre yalnız kaldıklarında. Ayrıca, enerjide çıkış yoksa. Örneğin, köpek uzun bir süre zincire oturdu. Kuşkusuz enerji alışılmadık bir şekilde hayvanlar tarafından gerçekleştirilebilir - dünyayı aktif olarak kazarak;
- yavrulara yönelik içgüdüler. Sahibi genellikle doğum öncesi ve sonrası dönemde alışılmadık davranışlarla karşılaşır. Birçok deneyimli köpek yetiştiricisi, bir dişinin yaklaşan aktivitesini, çöp, yer ve toprağı kazmaya başladığı gerçeği ile belirler. Bu fenomen içgüdüsel davranış ile ilişkilidir. Köpek, önemli anın yaklaşımını hisseder ve yeni doğanların ortaya çıkmasını rahat ve güvenli bir yuvaya hazırlar. Eğer yeni yapılan anneye göre çöp, güçlü bir koku yayar ve potansiyel düşmanları çekebilirse, o zaman kokunun kaynağını daha derinden gömmeye çalışır.
Alışkanlık nasıl kurutulur:
- Yaz sıcağında su prosedürleri için özel bir havuz kurmak;
- kemirgenler düzenli olarak yok etmek için bir ülke evinin topraklarında;
- aktif yürüyüşler, eğitim hayvanları istenmeyen davranışlardan uzaklaştırır. Yürüyüş sırasında akrabalarla iletişim aktif hayvana fayda sağlayacaktır;
- sahibinin yokluğunda, çeşitli oyuncaklar boş zamanları aydınlatmaya yardımcı olacaktır; Dairede, kendi yerinizi donatarak istenmeyen bir alışkanlıktan kurtulabilirsiniz. Bu durumda, ana yatağın kazılması zamanla durur;
- zemini kazma ve çitin altında kazma sebebi, hayvanın satılmayan cinsel içgüdüsü ise, sahibin sterilizasyon veya hadım etmeyi düşünmesi gerekir;
- eğer bir köpek çırpıldıktan sonra çöpünü kazarsa, sahibi onu değiştirmelidir. Açıktır ki, hayvan durumu ve kokusundan memnun değildir.
Ne yapmalı ki köpek yatakları ve çiçek tarhlarını kazmaz:
- delikleri ve çukurları kazmaya çalışırken, hayvanların düzenli olarak komutları yasaklayarak çekmesi gerekir. Hayvan harekete geçerse, çağrılmalı ve teşvik edilmelidir;
- Mahsuller ve iniş sınırında tahtalar, tuğlalar, bordür taşları vb. Bahçede bir evcil hayvanla yürürken, çitin üzerinden geçmezse ve sert bir sesle çitlerle çevrili toprakların ötesine geçmeye çalışırsanız övünmelisiniz;
- Köpek inatla inişe zarar vermeye devam ederse, köpek en sık kazı yapan favori bir yere şişirilmiş bir balon yerleştirmek mümkündür. Sert bir ses hayvanın kazma sırasında olumsuz reaksiyona girmesine ve yataklarda zeminin kazılmasına neden olur;
- Değerli bitkilerin ekildiği topraklarda, sulama sisteminin yerleştirilmesi ve bir hareket sensörü ile beslenmesi gerekmektedir. Hayvan inişlere yaklaşır ulaşmaz, soğuk su huzur
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göre Ecoslim izole edilmiş bir rapor Ecoslim ve Ecoslim herkes üzerinde farklı etkileri olabilir. Ancak, genel olarak, sonuçlar oldukça önemlidir ve bunun muhtemelen sizin için de geçerli olacağını düşünüyorum. Ayrıca Raspberry karşılaştırmasına bakın.Bu tatmin edici etkilerin bu nedenle alıcılarda ortaya çıkması çok muhtemel olabilir:
İstediğiniz beden için derhal bir şeyler yapmak için bu görüşü kaçırmamalısınız
Klasik zayıflama diyetleri zaman alır ve çok fazla öz disiplin gerektirir. Sonuç olarak, her şeyin artmasına rağmen, etkilenenlerin çok sayıda olması etkileyici değildir.
İlaçtan destek alma seçeneğine karşı ne konuşur?
Toplu destek kullanmanın bir sırrını yaratmanıza gerek yok.
Herhangi bir yan ürün son derece seyrek ve ilginç görünmektedir. Sonuç, çok sayıda kullanıcı deneyimi ve bu hazırlığın bu düşünceli kompozisyonu açısından analizime dayanıyor.
“Tabii ki kilo vermek ve bazı şeyler yapmak zorundayım ama bu amaçla çok az para harcıyorum” derseniz. Bu rahatsız durumdan asla çıkamayabilirsiniz, farkında olun.
Bir daha asla diyet yapmayın, bir daha asla vazgeçmeyin ve her anın tadını zevkli bir şekilde çıkarın.
İlgili taraflara, çözüm yolunun kendileri tarafından denenmeleri tavsiye edilir, çünkü eminiz.
Bu nedenle, daha fazla beklememeniz ve ürünün artık temin edilememesi riskini almanız önerilir. Ne yazık ki, doğal ürünler alanında tekrar tekrar gerçekleşiyor, yakında bir doktor reçetesiyle alım yapmaktalar ya da üretimden vazgeçiliyorlar.
Böyle bir ilacı yasal olarak ve en son fakat en ucuz fiyatla satın alabileceğiniz gerçeğini hızlı bir şekilde kullanmalısınız. Üreticinin web sitesinde, şu anda için satın alınabilir. Diğer satıcıların aksine, meşru ürünü bu sayfada bulacağınızdan emin olabilirsiniz.
Bu uygulamayı uzun süre yapmak için gerekli öz kontrole sahip değilseniz, tamamen terk etseniz iyi edersiniz. Bu noktada, bir şey önemlidir: sebat. Buna rağmen, durumunuzun size ilham vermesi olasılığı yüksektir, bu da Ecoslim kullanarak Ecoslim başarıya Ecoslim. Bu nedenle, her durumda Chocolate Slim daha iyidir.
İlk önce başlamadan önce önemli bir not:
Daha önce vurguladığımız gibi, Ecoslim satın alırken Ecoslim, çünkü maalesef internette taklitler defalarca sunulmaktadır.
Satın aldığım tüm ürünler, burada listelenen kaynaklardan gelir. Kişisel tecrübelerime dayanarak, sadece orijinal üreticiden ürün satın almanızı önerebilirim, bu yüzden listelenen kaynaklara güvenebilirsiniz.
Sonuç olarak, ürünü internet üzerindeki yetkisiz sitelerden satın almak mantıklı bir alternatif değildir. Ürünü denemeye karar verdiyseniz, lütfen sipariş işlemi sırasında bizim tarafımızdan önerilen tedarik kaynağını da kullandığınızdan emin olun - sadece burada en iyi maliyet, güvenilir ve anonim sipariş işlemleri ve kesinlikle tam ürün elde edin.
Eğer aradığımız linkleri kullanıyorsanız ve kesinlikle eminseniz, kesinlikle risk almazsınız.
Olabildiğince daha büyük bir paket satın almanın karşılığını verir, bu bilgiyle Euro'yu koruyabilir ve sürekli yeniden sıralamayı önleyebilirsiniz. Bu yaygın bir uygulamadır çünkü uzun süreli kullanım en umut verici olanıdır.Bu, BioLab karşılaştırdığınızda dikkat çekicidir.1.jpg (47.32 KB,
流血, 在位于上野阿美横町、高居到东京必败之首的那家药妆店门口,看见一个年近四十的男人拉著行李箱,无奈地伫立良久。、休息与娱乐设施完善等备受来往旅客青睐。不过有好就有坏, 小的我常常在逛便利商店时看到新奇的饮料都会买来喝喝看<
Comments are closed.全法52个省份发布高温或雷雨橙色警报 雷雨或将持续一周
中新网巴黎6月19日电 (李洋 李玥)受到连续高温天气的影响，全法52个省份当地时间19日发布高温或雷雨橙色警报。雷雨天气可能将持续一周。
虽然19日法国本土暂无发布高温红色警报的省份，但高温依旧影响法国中东部地区。据法国气象部门的数据，法国勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰大区、奥弗涅-罗讷-阿尔卑斯大区等地19日的气温仍保持在高位，为34摄氏度至38摄氏度；阿尔萨斯的最高气温接近39摄氏度；位于中部的奥克西塔尼大区等地气温在32摄氏度至36摄氏度之间。法国气象部门表示，法国西部地区气温明显下降，但中东部地区气温依旧偏高；在发布高温警报的地区，夜间温度将基本上保持在24摄氏度以上。
与此同时，雷雨天气也即将来袭，预计将对全法大部分地区产生影响。据法国气象局预报，局部地区的雷雨将比较猛烈，并可能出现冰雹、雷电和强风天气。此次雷雨天气将持续一周左右，预计19日晚间、20日将影响法国中部和北部地区，21日影响到法国四分之三的地区，22日之后影响范围逐渐缩小。
据法国媒体报道，18日晚间，法国诺曼底大区的卡尔瓦多斯已经出现强风天气，造成一人死亡多人受伤。(完)Before an unforeseen event changed everything in the mid-1990s, the Caribbean island of Montserrat was a tourist destination on the rise. Its quaint vibe and lack of major hotels offered an alternative to the mainstream all-inclusive-resort scene that dominated many neighboring islands. But when the long-dormant Soufrière Hills began to erupt in 1995, Montserrat's course was altered drastically.
The initial eruption was not a one-time event. The volcano continued to spew ash for four years, with major explosions during that time destroying a number of hamlets and the island's main airport. The ongoing eruption also caused the evacuation of the city of Plymouth, the only major population center on Montserrat.
The volcano has continued to rumble to this day. Its ongoing activity has made Plymouth a kind of Caribbean version of Pompeii. Because the Soufrière Hills could explode again at any moment, a large part of the island, including Plymouth, has been made an Exclusion Zone. Visiting any part of this area is simply not allowed, and people who try to enter can be arrested.
The volcanic ash-covered remains of Plymouth, the abandoned village wrecked by Soufrière Hills volcano. (Photo: Mike Schinkel/Flickr)
This means that even the former residents of Plymouth (many of whom have moved to other islands since the evacuation) have not been back to their abandoned homes. The whole city, now covered in feet of muddy ash, sits completely vacant and eerily still.
Because of the aforementioned Exclusion Zone, it is impossible to get a close look at this modern day version of Pompeii. Boat tours allow people a glimpse of the seaside ghost town, including the spire of its church, which is now almost completely buried under layers of mud-like ash.
Electronics covered with volcano ash from Soufrière Hills volcano. (Photo: Patrick Hawks/Flickr)
Plymouth, the volcano itself, and other destroyed areas can be viewed (with binoculars) from outlooks on Jack Boy Hill and Garibaldi Hill. The once-famous Belham Valley Golf Course, whose fairways drew famous professionals in its pre-volcano heyday, now sits buried along the route to Garibaldi Hill. Even here, outside of the main Exclusion Zone, there are dangers from the volcano itself and from the unstable, ash-covered grounds (especially after a rain storm).
Though Montserrat has the most dramatic ruins in the Caribbean, a town on its Antillean neighbor, Martinique, has also earned comparisons to Pompeii.
Martinique's volcano, Mount Pelée, was responsible for one of worst natural disasters in the Americas during the 20th century. A 1902 eruption covered the town of Saint Pierre with burning ash in a matter of minutes, killing all but one of its 30,000 inhabitants.
A stone structure that survived the 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée. (Photo: Antoine Hubert/Flickr)
But people eventually returned to Saint Pierre, so it was not abandoned in the same way that Plymouth was. A handful of the ruins from the tragic 1902 disaster still remain, including a bunker-like jail, the thick walls of which protected the eruption's sole survivor. The ruins cover two terraced areas, and a nearby volcano museum (Musée Volcanologique) offers exhibits about the eruption and artifacts that survived the blast.
Both Plymouth and Saint Pierre are standing examples of the power of volcanoes and proof that Pompeii-like eruptions can still happen in modern times.
Related on MNN:游客发表
发帖时间：2018-01-01 05:46:43
2012年，诺贝尔物理学奖由法国科学家塞尔日•阿罗什与美国科学家大卫•维因兰德获得，两位物理学家因为在量子光学领域对光与物质间的密切关系和相互作用的研究而获得表彰。
但对当地人来说，这座城市还是他们的家。枪击发生时，当地居民巴索托的妻子就在音乐节现场。“如同在自家后院发生如此惨剧，尤其是当你所爱的人险遭不测，这种感觉无法用言语形容。”巴索托接受采访时，一手捧着蜡烛悼念遇难者，一手紧紧牵着妻子。
特朗普上任两周签8条行政命令 号外号外，特朗普又出行政命令啦！行政命令有多强，买不了吃亏，买不了上当，是XX你就坚持60秒！ 。
友情链接Leukodystrophy is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from an accumulation of sulfatides (glycolipid type) in the brain.
Definition of leukodystrophy
Leukodystrophy is a neurodegenerative pathology. It is the consequence of an abnormal accumulation in the nervous system of a substance that combines lipid and carbohydrate: a glycolipid. These glycolipids, source of leukodystrophy, are sulfatides. the disease is therefore the result of an accumulation of sulfatids in the nervous system, but also the kidneys.
Leukodystrophy is a rare disease, with an incidence of between 0.5 and 1 case in 50 000 individuals.
Three foci of leukodystrophy
- the late infantile form: for nearly 60% of cases of leukodystrophy
- the juvenile form: which concerns between 20% and 30% of cases of leukodystrophy
- the adult form: which concerns between 10% and 20% of cases of leukodystrophy
The late infantile form is therefore the most frequent. This first form appears from the first steps of the child. The latter then presents a hypotonia (weakening of the muscular tone), disorders in the way of walking, optic atrophy (inflammation of the optic nerve), or a regression of motor skills.
Causes of leukodystrophy
Leukodystrophy is a genetic inherited disease. It is transmitted autosomally recessive. That is, the mutated gene of interest is located on an autosome (non-sexual chromosome) and the presence of two copies of the gene in question is necessary in the development of the disease (one from the mother, and one from the mother). from the father).
The presence of the mutated gene causes an anomaly in the formation of the enzyme capable of degrading the sulfatids of the brain. Depending on the forms of the disease, this inability to remove these substances from the brain, is more or less important. In fact, in the infantile form, the enzymatic activity is almost nil. In the juvenile form, this deficiency of enzymatic activity is less important. Finally, in the context of an adult form, the enzymatic activity remains residual.
Who is affected by leukodystrophy?
As this is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder, patients with leukodystrophy have their father and mother also affected by the disease.
The recessive nature of leukodystrophy means that if the child has only one copy of the gene of interest, it will not display the characteristics of the disease. The presence of both copies of the mutated gene is necessary in the development of the pathology.
Evolution and possible complications of leukodystrophy
The accumulation of sulfatides in the brain leads to decerebration (destruction of the brain). This usually occurs 5 years after the first clinical signs.
As a result, the search for these substances in the urine or sulfatiduria is important and essential in the early and rapid management of the disease.
Symptoms of leukodystrophy
Leukodystrophy is a neurodegenerative disease. Clinical signs and associated symptoms are related to:
- motility disorders (walking for example)
- psychiatric manifestations (behavioral disorders, chronic anxiety , etc.)
- of seizures
- Optic atrophy
Risk factors for leukodystrophy
Since leukodystrophy is a hereditary recessive inherited disease, the only risk factor is therefore the presence of the mutated gene in the family context (presence in the father and the mother).
How to treat leukodystrophy?
Currently, no cure for the disease has yet been developed. A therapy based on the substitution of the deficient enzyme is under study.
In the context of a leukodystrophy of infantile or juvenile form, a bone marrow transplant makes it possible to stabilize the neurocognitive functions but this is not entirely guaranteed.Is the bird in the photo a dunlin? No, the bill is too short, but you're looking at the same family.
Is it a sandpiper? No.
Again the bill is too short and it doesn't curve. Yes, it sure does look like a semipalmated sandpiper with its short bill, spotted neck and large spots on its wings. It's hard to tell from this photo, but our bird in discussion is larger (about 8 inches) like the dunlin. However, the wing coverts are lighter in color than those of the sandpipers. This isn't the easiest bird to identify, is it? Wait. Is our bird sick? Its feathers look odd. No, it's not sick, but it is molting. Maybe that's like a teenager losing his or her baby fat. The difference is that the bird molts every year. A better analogy would be of humans buying new clothes to look better.
When you are walking a beach by the ocean, look for the sanderling chasing the water moving up the beach and then receding back. They are hunting for mollusks and small crustaceans. You might see the holes left after their feeding. Even though they favor the beaches by the oceans all over the world, they sometimes visit inland lake beaches and mud flats.
Can you think of a bird that will pretend to have a broken wing to distract you away from its nest of young? The sanderling has a distraction display, too.
Breeding occurs in northern Canada. Usually, the males are quite scattered, but then, they might also group near each other. The size of their territories depends on the prey. They are definitely discouraged in having a big area, if more enemies are found where they stayed the previous winter.
Let's discuss their family life. Mostly they are monogamous (mating one female at a time), but that's not a steadfast rule. Sometimes they practice sequential polyandry, which is practiced mostly by shorebirds. However, less than 1 percent of all birds do this. Polyandry means that one female will mate with at least two males, maybe even more. The female is often larger and with more colors than the male. Also, the male raises the young while the female tries to attract more mates. The sanderling practices sequential polyandry. The female lays a clutch of eggs, the male incubates them, and the female lays another clutch which she incubates. This practice provides the female a better chance of producing young with better survival rates.
The next time you're traveling to the tundra, look for the nests in dry sedges. The nests are lined with grass, leaves, and lichen. It's the female's job to find a location for her scrape. What's a scrape? It is such a shallow dip in the sand, that they have to build a rim around it to keep the eggs from rolling out.
Back to the sanderling. With bill open, it can probe up to 10 mm deep for its food. I looked up the conversion: 1 millimeter equals 0.03937007874 inches. Let's round that up to .04 inches. Thus, 10 millimeters equals .4 inches. As it moves up the shore, it might join other birds. In the spring, its diet changes to spiders and veggies.
This bird is in the Calidris family with sandpipers and dunlins. This was a rare sighting for our area. Somebody spotted one up north, on the shores of Lake Ontario. In the winter, this bird heads south for the West Indies and coasts of South America. Sounds good to me.Name: Guangzhou (广州; Guǎngzhōu (/guang-zhou/)
Meaning: 'broad prefecture'
Previous names: Panyu, Canton
Most popular food: dim sum
- This has long been one of China's richest trading cities.
- Guangzhou is a base for foreign merchants and traders.
- Canton Import and Export Fair (Canton Fair): held twice every year; it is the largest and most comprehensive trade fair in China.
- Ancient: Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Huaisheng Mosque, The Chen Clan Academy, Sacred Heart Cathedral, Temple of the Six Banyan Trees, Kaiping Towers and villages,
- Modern: Canton Tower, Guangzhou Opera House, Guangdong Provincial Museum, Shamian Island
- Nature: White Clouds Mountain, Nanling National Forest Park,
- Amusement: Yuexiu Park, night cruise on Pearl River, Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Chimelong Holiday Resort,
- Most famous food: dim sum, soup
- Most popular souvenirs and local products: Chinese embroidery, jade sculpture and jewelry, Wang Lao Ji (popular beverage), electronics goods, clothing
The city has been a provincial capital city since the Han Empire era 2,200 years ago and a major trading port since about the year 226.
- 206 BC The area became the capital of the Nanyue
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not，但是，句子中有否定副詞，這一類的句子要多注意。只要主要句子中有否定副詞，像是little, never, rarely, seldom, hardly, barely和scarcely，附加問句要用肯定問句。下面的句子中，否定副詞用粗體標示出來 有否定意味的主詞 有些句子因為主詞為否定的，所以雖然句子中沒有not，也沒有否定副詞，一樣要用肯定附加問句。常見的有否定意味的主詞有：nobody, nothing, no one, none 為什麼在祈使句後面加上附加問句？要如何加？ 當我們想表達請求、建議或邀請時，我們可以在祈使句後面加上附加問句，以強調並鼓勵對方採取行動，也可以顯的禮貌一點。 祈使句省略了主詞you，而且祈使句是請對話者you做某件事，所以那個動作還沒發生，附加問句要用未來式的助動詞will，有時，為了顯得更禮貌一點或友善，也會使用would，can，跟could。肯定的祈使句，可以加上肯定或否定的附加問句，否定的祈使句則只能加上肯定的附加問句。祈使句的附加問句不需要回答。 Let’s句型如何加附加問句 我們在“Let’s”的句子後面使用附加問句，來提出建議，尋求對方的確認或同意。除此之外，還可以讓語氣不那麼直接或強烈，在建議時，顯得更禮貌。 Let’s=Let us，語意為讓我們來做…，因此翻成一般句型時，主詞為we。同樣地，這個句型的動作還沒有發生，所以要用未來式的助動詞，第一人稱( I 跟 […]
Yes / No 疑問句、否定句跟否定疑問句 英文有肯定句跟否定句，而Yes / No問句也分成肯定疑問句跟否定疑問句。在說明他們是如何構成之前，先來解釋一下這兩種疑問句的不同目的。首先，說話者使用肯定形式的Yes/No疑問句的目的主要是為了查詢資訊，而使用否定疑問句則有隱含說話者的態度。它有幾種不同的含義： 了解了肯定跟否定的Yes / No疑問句的不同意涵後，接下來我們來看這兩種問句如何造。 要學造肯定形式的Yes / No問句時，可以先從分析肯定句的結構開始，如果要造否定疑問句，則可以從否定句的結構開始。 Yes / No疑問句如何造 要正確地造Yes / No問句，要先找出每個句子的動詞來，將動詞跟主詞倒裝，再將句號改成問號。但是倒裝的方式會因為句子的動詞結構而不同，有以下三種： 當動詞只有ㄧ個字，且是be動詞時，將be動詞移到主詞前面，要注意將句號改成問號。下面的例句中，be動詞用粗體標示 要注意，當主詞是you(你或你們)、I 、或we，如果在考試時，要注意，考試的提示是請改成問句或改成原問句。如果是改成問句，則模式跟上面的例子一樣; 如果是改成原問句，要注意you跟I、you跟we的相對變化，因為原問句的意思就是，問話者問了什麼問句，會得到這個答案。(雖然有些問句顯得怪怪的，好像不會有人這麼說話，但是，有些考試很愛這麼考) 當句子的動詞只有一個，但是，不是be動詞，而是一般動詞，就要生助動詞do、does或did：時態是現在簡單式，而且動詞沒有s時，則用do、動詞有s時，則用does; 如果時態是過去簡單式，則用did。將助動詞放到主詞的前面，要注意動詞要改為原形，再將句號改成問號。下面的例句中，肯定句的動詞跟疑問句的do / does / did 用粗體標示。 因為動詞時態與語態的關係，句子中會出現不只一個字的動詞詞組。當句子的動詞是兩個字以上的動詞詞組時，將第一個字移到主詞前面，再標上問號，這樣就可以了。下面的例句中，動詞詞組用小括號標示，而其第一個字用粗體標示。 如何造否定疑問句？ 由上面可以知道，肯定句移動助動詞(在英文，be動詞是一種助動詞)到主詞前面，就造出yes / no問句，如果要造否定疑問句就要用否定句了。下面為從肯定句造出否定疑問句的步驟： 請看下面例句，並注意粗體字的部分： 下面提供更多的否定疑問句的例句： 否定疑問句跟Yes / No 問句的簡答法 – 要回答Yes?還是No? 因為中文的關係，我們是依照問題回答。例如： 有注意到嗎？我們的肯定疑問句跟否定疑問句的答案不一樣，但是英文不管是肯定疑問句還是否定疑問句，回答都是跟肯定疑問句一樣。例如： 下面舉例說明： 如果你有其他文法上的疑惑，可以到我們『英文文法』專頁，看看有沒有文章探討相關文法問題。如果你對單字、寫作等英文學習上各個領域的文章有興趣，可以到我們的『文章』頁面。
感嘆句有哪些？ 在介紹感嘆句之前，先提醒一下 – 不要在正式的文章中(如報告或商業書信等)使用感嘆句，也不要過度使用它。感嘆句是一種表達強烈感覺跟情緒的句子，偶而出現會有很大的效果，但是，要控制著用，畢竟，太多的情緒表達，就失去了感嘆的張力了。 驚嘆號是感嘆句最重要的元素，沒有驚嘆號，就不是感嘆句，甚至可以說一個句子，只要句尾標上驚嘆號，這個句子就變成感嘆句(當然，當這個句子的上下文語意或使用的情境，一點也沒有感嘆的味道時，就會讓讀者產生困惑了)。 要如何構成感嘆句呢？常見有下面五種方式： 用感嘆詞構成感嘆句 使用這個方式可以通過三種方式來為句子加上標點符號： ㄧ種是在感嘆詞後加逗號，再在另ㄧ個表達細節的句子的句尾加上驚嘆號; 另外一種是在感嘆詞後加驚嘆號，在表示細節的句子後加句號或問號; 第三種是，在感嘆詞後跟其後的句子後都標上驚嘆號。請注意下面例句中的標點符號。 用形容詞當感嘆詞，構成感嘆句 Fantastic、incredible和amazing等可以用作感嘆詞，因為它們表達了強烈的驚訝、欽佩或激動的情緒。 以這種方式使用時，它們是簡短的感嘆詞，可以單獨作為一個完整的句子。例如，看到美麗的日落，你可能會驚呼“Fantastic!”，表達對現場美景的讚嘆和激動。這時，fantastic的功能類似於感嘆詞wow / awesome等，用於傳達對某事的強烈情緒反應。請注意下面例句中的標點符號 直接在直述句句尾標上驚嘆號，構成感嘆句 任何一個句子的句尾加上驚嘆號，就構成感嘆句，可以用來加強語氣，表達更強烈的情緒。 用such構成感嘆句 such也可以用來做感嘆句的開頭，句子的由來如下：It’s such a wonderful surprise.變成Such a wonderful surprise! 用how或what構成感嘆句 這是常見的感嘆句構句法，what後面要接名詞，而how後面要接形容詞或副詞，下面舉例說明句型： 如果你有其他文法上的疑惑，可以到我們『英文文法』專頁，看看有沒有文章探討相關文法問題。如果你對自然發音、字詞、句子結構與寫作等英文學習上各個領域的文章有興趣，可以到我們的『文章』頁面。
one day / some day / someday 我們經常使用『有一天』這個時間片語，例如，在敘述故事時，我們常會用『有一天』來做故事的開頭; 在描述夢想時，我們也會說『有一天』; 在給出承諾或發誓的時候，我們也會用『有一天』; 這些不同情況下的『有一天』，要使用下面哪一個英文時間副詞呢？ one day的用法 one day可用在過去式，翻譯為『有一天』，指發生了特定的、值得紀念的或重要事件的那一天，在敘述故事時，通常要用one day，再加上一些細節，讓這一天變的有特色。 不過，one day較常用在未來式，指未來的某一天，常用來表示希望或期待某件事會發生，暗示著會努力以便實現這件事(如達成夢想、許諾或發誓做到某事)。 some day的用法 some是形容詞，語意為(某一個)，所以some day的語意為某ㄧ天 – 用於未來式，意指說話者覺得未來某事可能發生或希望某事發生，但是並不確定發生的時間，也沒有表示會努力去實現它。 如果在some day後面加上一個表示未來時間區間的副詞時，表示說話者確定事件會發生。 someday的用法 副詞 someday通常用於表達期待某事會發生，可以跟some day互換(當some day後面沒有跟著表示一段區間的時間副詞)。 one day，some day跟someday用在未來式的差別 some day後面如果有表示ㄧ段區間的時間副詞，指確定某事會發生，但不確定發生在哪一天，例如，面試將安排在下週的某一天。但是，如果沒有的話，some day的意思是在未來某一天，可以用來表達對未來發生某事的希望或渴望，例如”I hope to travel to Europe some day.”，在這情況下，跟someday的語意相似，可以互換。只是，現在更常用Someday，而some day多用於更正式或書面英語中。 想要表達希望某事有一天會發生時，使用someday，給人的感覺是，這事情幾乎是自然地發生，不需要人努力去實現，也不代表一定會發生，有時候甚至暗示著說話者不認為發生的可能性很高。而one day通常表示著說話者的意圖(誓言、承諾)，暗示著說話者會努力去實現某件事，或認為這件事的發生機率很高。 如果你有其他易混淆的單字上的疑惑，可以到我們『英文單字與片語』專頁，看看有沒有相關文章。如果你對自然發音、句子結構、文法與寫作等英文學習上各個領域的文章有興趣，可以到我們的『文章』頁面。
授與動詞的分類與句型 授與動詞大多在1200單字表中，是日常生活中最常使用的動詞，在口語中，常用句型為<主詞+動詞+間接受詞(人或生物)+直接受詞(物)>，在較正式場合或寫作時，多使用<主詞+動詞+直接受詞+to / for / of +間接受詞>。那授與動詞有哪些呢？我們依照在句子中使用哪個介系詞來帶出間接受詞，與能不能改寫成這ㄧ種句型，將授與動詞分成五類，並介紹一個技巧，可以快速判斷要使用哪個介系詞： 句子可以改寫為<主詞+動詞+直接受詞+to+間接受詞>的授與動詞 這一類的授與動詞有give / lend / hand / show / take / teach / tell / write / sell / pass / send / read / owe / promise / cause / pay / throw，主詞在做這些動作時，都必須直接對著受詞做，所以用to。 句子可以改寫為<主詞+動詞+直接受詞+for+間接受詞>的授與動詞 這一類的授與動詞有make / buy / cook / fetch / get / pick / find […]
連綴動詞的分類、語意與句型 連綴動詞，顧名思義，就是本身沒有動作，只是一個功能動詞 (因為英文句子的基本結構一定要有主詞跟動詞)，將主詞跟描述主詞特色的補語連結起來，舉例來說，be動詞就是ㄧ種連綴動詞。連綴動詞依照語意可以分成四類： 請注意，以上所列動詞，其中大部分同時具有兩種以上的動詞類別，用法相當不同，常導致混淆。近一步了解，請閱讀『look / sound / feel / smell / taste?感官動詞有哪些？它的四種句型詳解』。 表狀態的連綴動詞 這一類只有be動詞，它用來連接表示主詞的狀態的形容詞或名詞。 表示保持某種狀態的連綴動詞 屬於保持狀態的連綴動詞有remain / stay / keep ，後面接形容詞，描述主詞沒有改變或保持不變在某ㄧ狀態中。remain這個字當連綴動詞時，後面也可以接名詞，當主詞補語。 表示變成另ㄧ狀態的連綴動詞 屬於這一類的連綴動詞有become / grow / get / turn / go / fall，它們後面都接形容詞，描述了主詞發生的變化或發展。以下是他們使用上的細微差異： 感官類的連綴動詞 look 看起來 / smell 聞起來 / taste 嚐起來 / feel 摸起來、感覺 / sound 聽起來，這五個動詞ㄧ看就知道是感官動詞，後面接形容詞，描述主詞的特質，如果後面要接名詞，則要先接like，再接名詞。而appear當連綴動詞時，語意為看起來好像是，後面接(to be) + 形容詞。而seem的語意也是似乎，跟感官動詞一樣，後面可以接形容詞，或like +名詞，描述對主詞狀態或狀況的印像，但不一定是真實的。appear跟seem被歸到感官動詞是因為他們都是描述透過五種感官去察覺的狀況。 其他類的連綴動詞 prove當連綴動詞時，語意是結果是、證明是，其後可接名詞(請注意，這名詞要跟主詞為同一件事物)或形容詞。而make當連綴動詞時，語意為『是』，後面只能接名詞，表示主詞是…。 如果你有其他文法或寫作上的疑惑，可以到我們『英文文法』專頁，看看有沒有文章探討相關問題。如果你對自然發音、字詞、句子結構與寫作等英文學習上各個領域的文章有興趣，可以到我們的『文章』頁面。
prefer 除了bigger than / more than這種使用than來比較兩樣東西的句型外，英文有幾個單字使用另外一種句型來比較兩個人、事、物，它要使用介系詞to帶出被比較的另一方，以下為使用這個句型的單字： 在這幾個單字中，最讓大家困擾的prefer。第一個常見的問題是－prefer後面要用to還是than來帶出被比較的事物？第二則為－prefer後面接Ving還是to V？在語意上有什麼不同嗎？接下來，我們將詳細解說prefer的用法。 prefer的用法解析與後面使用to的句型解說 prefer是一個及物動詞，後面可以接名詞、代名詞、動名詞、不定詞跟that子句當受詞。當受詞為that子句時，其語意有希望或期待一件事發生的味道，當受詞為名詞、代名詞或動名詞時，意思為比較喜歡某事物。 請注意：prefer跟like一樣，是表達情感的動詞，不使用進行式。還有，因為prefer這個動詞本身有比較的味道，所以不可以使用more或most來修飾。最後，要小心prefer的三態的拼音：prefer / preferred / preferred (要重複字尾r，在加上ed)。 prefer的語意為更喜歡，本身具有比較的意思，如果受詞是名詞、代名詞跟動名詞時，語意要表達喜歡某事物勝過另一事物時，後面要用介系詞to，而不是用than來帶出被比較的另一事物 ，這一種用to的比較句型源自拉丁文。很多人習慣性地會使用than當連接詞，帶出被比較的事物，這是使用prefer常犯的錯誤之ㄧ。 prefer後面接to V，使用rather than帶出被比較的動作的句型解說 當prefer的受詞是不定詞 (to V)時，則不用介系詞to ，要用rather than當連接詞 (注意，不是thanㄧ個字而已)，後面加原形動詞。這樣可以避開將不定詞跟動名詞做比較的問題 (因為介系詞to後面，動作一定要用動名詞)，意思則變為寧願做…而不願做…。 prefer Ving to Ving跟prefer to V rather than V的語意不同 相信有人會有疑問，prefer的比較句型，受詞用動名詞跟不定詞，語意上有差別嗎？是的，是有差別的。因為prefer語意為更喜歡，隱含有選擇的意味，當它的受詞是動名詞時，則表示所做的選擇是日常生活或愛好，如果是不定詞時，常為特定情況或當下的偏好或選擇。下面介紹prefer做比較的句型，受詞用to V跟Ving在語意上的細微差別。 下面為prefer的比較句型的整理： prior / superior / inferior / senior / junior – 用to的比較句型的形容詞 用介系詞to的這個拉丁文的比較句型的單字，除了動詞prefer之外，還有幾個具有比較味道的形容詞，因為其本身語意有比較的味道，所以這幾個形容詞沒有比較級跟最高級。除此之外，這些字大都是比較正式的用字。其中常見的有： senior跟junior – 這兩個字為相反詞，有形容詞跟名詞兩個詞性，在這裡介紹形容詞的比較用法。senior的基本語意為較為年長的、上級的，跟資深的，junior的語意則
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Footnote 191, Footnote 192, Footnote 193. Once acquired, prolonged carriage of antimicrobial-resistant organisms (AROs) may be the norm in some patient populations. Colonization with resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Burkholderia cepacia is common in persons with cystic fibrosis. Persistent VRE colonization has been demonstrated in dialysisFootnote 194 and otherFootnote 195, Footnote 196 patient populations.
2. Subclinical/Asymptomatic Infection
Infection may or may not be associated with clinical disease (illness). Infection may cause cellular and tissue changes that may be detectable in the absence of overt signs and symptoms. This is a subclinical or asymptomatic infection.
3. Clinical Disease/Symptomatic Infection
When sufficient cellular and tissue changes occur to produce overt signs and symptoms, the individual has clinical disease, which may range from mild to severe, depending on the microorganism and the health status of the host.
III. Control measures to reduce healthcare worker exposure to and transmission of microorganisms
A. Hierarchy of controls to reduce exposure to and transmission of infectious agents
Collaboration between IPC/OH professionals and healthcare building engineers has led to better understanding and application of a tiered framework of measures/interventions that enables healthcare organizations to comprehensively evaluate the risk of HCW (including volunteers) exposure to microorganisms and other hazards in the workplace and the effectiveness of the healthcare organization's mitigation responses.
The ideal approach to containment of a hazard is to implement a hierarchy of controls. The first level of control is engineering interventions. If this level of control is not possible or adequate, then administrative interventions are used. Last in the hierarchy of controls is PPE. Personal protective equipment is not the first control measure to use, as its use is dependent on the variable of worker adherence. An understanding of the engineering, administrative (including patient care practices) and PPE controls enables healthcare organizations to determine how the healthcare environment in each setting (e.g., infrastructure, equipment, processes and practices) increases or decreases a susceptible host's (e.g., patient, HCW, visitor) likelihood of exposure to a microorganism/reservoir within the healthcare setting.
1. Engineering controls
The engineering control tier reduces the risk of exposure to an infectious agent/infected source hazard by applying methods of isolation or ventilation. Engineering controls do not depend on an individual's compliance with exposure prevention strategies. These controls are usually established and controlled within the building structure, thereby eliminating an individual's choice about their application, and reducing the opportunity for individual error. As such, they provide more effective protection.
2. Administrative controls
The administrative control tier provides an infrastructure of policies, procedures and patient care practices intended to prevent exposure to and/or transmission of microorganisms to a susceptible host during the provision of health care. To be effective in preventing the transmission of microorganisms and/or detecting cases of infection, administrative controls are best implemented at the point of first encounter with an infected source and continued until the infected source leaves the healthcare setting or is no longer infectious. Inherent in the development of administrative controls to prevent transmission of infection is the commitment, by the healthcare organization, to provide the necessary resources to implement the controls.
3. Personal protective equipment
Although the use of PPE controls are the most visible in the hierarchy of controls, PPE controls are the weakest tier in the hierarchy of controls, and should not be relied on as a stand-alone primary prevention program. The PPE tier refers to the availability and appropriate use of barriers that a susceptible host may wear to provide a physical barrier between him/her and an infectious agent/infected source. These barriers include gloves, gowns, masks, facial protection, eye protection (including face shields, or masks with visor attachments) and respirators. The healthcare organization plays a critical role in ensuring the availability of appropriate PPE for use by patients, HCWs, visitors, contractors, etc., to prevent exposure to an infectious agent/infected source.
A singular focus on availability and use of various PPE to the exclusion of other tiers in the hierarchy of controls will result in suboptimal protection of all people in the healthcare setting, including patients, HCWs and other staff. The effective and appropriate use of PPE is the control that is most reliant on the user's adherence and competence and, therefore, the control most easily compromised (resulting in ineffective protection from an infectious agent/infected source). The use of PPE is the final step in the hierarchy of controls to minimize exposure and subsequent transmission (refer to Appendix X).
List 2: Examples of control measures according to hierarchy of controls
- 2a. Tier 1: Examples of engineering controls
- Source control:
- single rooms, with private toilets, patient sink, designated staff handwashing sinks
- signage to direct patients to separate entrances (during community outbreaks) for patients symptomatic with respiratory infections
- physical barriers (e.g., partitions in triage areas to prevent exposure to patients symptomatic with respiratory infections)
- appropriate spatial separation (in patient rooms, waiting areas and in the home)
- appropriate ventilation and, in the home, natural ventilation when appropriate
- Installation of:
- point-of-care ABHR
- point-of-use sharps containers
- appropriately functioning, accessible dispensers for hand hygiene products (ABHR, soap, lotion, paper towels) and respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette products
- designated handwashing sinks for HCW use
- Appropriate number of commodes
- Appropriate supply of and accessibility of PPE
- Appropriate number of accessible no-touch waste receptacles for disposal of paper towels, tissues, masks, gloves, etc.
- 2b. Tier 2: Examples of administrative controls
- Appropriate resources for diagnosis and treatment of infection or colonization, and for immunization of patients and staff
- Organizational support for effective IPC and OH services and for management of outbreaks
- Appropriate OH and safety policies, including preplacement assessment, work restrictions, respiratory protection program, sharps safety and prevention of exposure to bloodborne pathogens and immunization programs
- Education of HCWs
- Policies, procedures and resources to support the application of:
- point-of-care risk assessment
- point-of-care ABHR as the standard of care in all healthcare settings
- routine practices as the standard of care for all patients in all healthcare settings
- source control (instructions for patients)
- Patient placement, accommodation and flow
- 2c. Tier 3: Examples of personal protective equipment to prevent exposure of patients, healthcare workers and other staff
- Following PCRA, PPE for the appropriate application of routine practices and additional precautions may include:
- masks (surgical or procedure masks used by HCW and/or infectious source)
- facial protection (masks and eye protection, or face shields, or masks with visor attachment)
- respirators (refer to Appendix V, glossary)
B. Role of the organization to reduce exposure to and transmission of infectious agents
1. Organizational risk assessment
A major responsibility of any healthcare organization is the evaluation (i.e., ORA) of the components in the hierarchy of controls to minimize the risk of exposure to and transmission of microorganisms within healthcare settings. This ORA is central to any healthcare organization's preparation and planning to protect all individuals (e.g., patient, HCW, visitor, contractor) from HAIs in all healthcare settings. Organizations have a responsibility to provide information and train HCWs regarding the organization's ORA and its impact on their practice. For example, the availability of functioning AIIRs may affect when and where AGMPs are performed and may influence the PCRA performed by HCWs.
An ORA should be conducted on an annual basis and re-evaluated when major reorganization/restructuring and building/renovation take place. The need for an ORA applies to all levels of healthcare settings, including prehospital care, acute care, LTC, ambulatory care and home care settings. Ongoing systematic evaluation of the ORA is important to ensure that policies, procedures and programs:
- are consistent across the organization
- achieve their stated objectives
- are in compliance with current applicable regulations
The ORA will characterize the organization's patient population, level and intensity of health care provided and resources available, including the variously skilled workers. It will need to evaluate the effectiveness of present control measures and the breadth of the hierarchy of controls to prevent HAIs.
To conduct the ORA an organization will need to:
- determine situations/conditions where infectious microorganisms (hazards) might exist
- evaluate the potential for exposure to and/or transmission of the microorganism
- determine the consequences of exposure to the microorganism
- determine the severity of illness caused by the microorganism
- determine the consequences of transmission of the microorganism on individuals, organizations and the community
- assess available control measures in place (e.g., engineering, administrative and PPE) to mitigate exposure to or transmission of the microorganism in the specific healthcare setting
2. Organizational control measures
Once the ORA is completed, control measures can be implemented to address any areas of concern. Such control measures, described below, can be at one or more of the three levels of the hierarchy of controls. Appropriate ventilation and hospital design (e.g., AIIRs, single patient rooms) are engineering controls, whereas education of HCWs, routine practices and additional precautions and OH (e.g., respiratory protection programs) are administrative controls.
Engineering controls—Healthcare facility design, renovation and construction
Facility design is an example of engineering controlFootnote 197, Footnote 198, Footnote 199, Footnote 200, Footnote 201, Footnote 202, Footnote 203. Room design, ventilation systems, room air flow and human traffic patterns, positioning of ABHR dispensers and designated handwashing sinks, and physical barriers to separate patients in multi-bed wards and patients in waiting areas are all examples of engineering controls. Adherence to spatial separation recommendations (i.e., preferably a high proportion of single patient rooms or, alternatively, a two-metre separation between patient spaces) when designing new healthcare facilities, planning renovations to existing facilities or reorganizing patient care areas will enhance a healthcare organization's ability to prevent transmission of infections.
Healthcare facility design related to IPC also includes appropriate number, location, and type of AIIRs; location(s) of special ventilation and filtration, such as emergency department triage and waiting areas; air handling and ventilation needs in surgical services and laboratories; local exhaust systems for hazardous agents and other special areas; water systems to limit Legionella species and waterborne opportunistic pathogens; and consideration of preferred surface characteristics (of the ideal product) such asFootnote 201, Footnote 202:
- ease of maintenance/repair and cleanability
- does not support microbial growth
- nonporous, smooth
- ease of installation, demolition and replacement
- resilient, impact resistant
Infection prevention and control professionals should be included from the beginning of projects (i.e., when designing new healthcare facilities, planning renovations to existing facilities or reorganizing patient care areas) until the project endsFootnote 197, Footnote 198, Footnote 202, Footnote 203, Footnote 204, Footnote 205, Footnote 206.
Engineering controls—Heating, ventilation and air conditioning in healthcare facilities
To ensure optimal performance of ventilation systems for removal of particulates and elimination of excess moisture, organizations have a responsibility to design, construct, install and maintain ventilation systems in accordance with engineering and manufacturers' recommendations. Recommendations for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems particular to healthcare facilities have been publishedFootnote 146, Footnote 147, Footnote 207. Additional information specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be found in the latest edition of The Canadian Tuberculosis Standards.
Healthcare settings that provide care for, or potentially care for, patients with suspected or confirmed airborne transmissible infections should have an adequate number of AIIRs (also called negative pressure rooms)Footnote 138, Footnote 208, Footnote 209, Footnote 210, Footnote 211. The ORA should determine the appropriate number of AIIRs required. Airborne infection isolation rooms are recommended for placement in the following areas in healthcare facilities, including but not limited to: emergency departments, critical care settings, inpatient units, bronchoscopy and autopsy suitesFootnote 138, Footnote 209, Footnote 210, Footnote 211, Footnote 212.
This guideline does not recommend specific ACH requirements but provides healthcare organizations with the recommendations that currently exist (refer to Table 1. Ventilation Recommendations for Selected Areas in Healthcare Facilities, (below). Further research in this area is needed including collaboration between experts in engineering and biomedical sciences to provide additional insights and clear evidence for ventilation requirements.
|Area||CSA, 2010||ASHRAE, 2008||CDC, 2005|
|Autopsy suite||20 ACH||12 ACH||12 ACH|
|Bronchoscopy, sputum induction rooms||20 ACH||12 ACH||12 ACH|
|Airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIR)||12 ACH||12 ACH|
New construction (existing)
|12 ACH (at least 6 ACH)|
- CSA Z317.2-10 Special Requirements for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems in Health Care FacilitiesFootnote 146.
- ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers, Ventilation of Health Care FacilitiesFootnote 147.
- CDC Centers for Disease Control, Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Health-care SettingsFootnote 207.
Specific recommendations for heating, ventilation and air conditioning in operating room settings are beyond the scope of this document and are available from the Facility Guidelines InstituteFootnote 201 and Canadian Standards AssociationFootnote 146.
Engineering controls—Source control
Source control measures are used to contain microorganisms from dissemination from an infectious source. Instructions on how to comply with source control should be provided to patients and other persons with symptoms at the point of initial encounter in any healthcare setting (e.g., triage in emergency departments, acute assessment settings, reception and waiting areas in emergency departments, outpatient clinics and physician's offices) and in strategic places (e.g., elevators, cafeteria) within ambulatory and inpatient settings. Policies and procedures (administrative controls) should be implemented to develop a program for source control. Source control measures may include but are not limitedFootnote 124, Footnote 148:
- signage at entrances to healthcare settings for early recognition of symptoms (e.g., syndromic screening)
- separate entrances/waiting areas for symptomatic patients
- spatial separation
- physical barriers for acute assessment
- early identification, diagnosis and treatment of infection (e.g. TB, norovirus)
- respiratory hygiene
- hand hygiene
- patient placement (e.g., patient care areas, single rooms/AIIRs)
- strategies to reduce aerosols during AGMPs (refer to Part B, Section IV, subsection iii, 1b).
Engineering controls—Source control—Spatial separation
Appropriate spatial separation and spacing recommendations to decrease exposure to microorganisms for patients and visitors in clinical and waiting areas should be implemented. A two-metre spatial distance between a coughing/sneezing infected source (e.g., symptomatic individual with an acute respiratory illness) and an unprotected susceptible host (e.g., patients, HCWs, visitors, contractors) should be considered to prevent the transmission of droplet-borne infectious particlesFootnote 122, Footnote 123, Footnote 124.
Spatial separation recommendations should be included when designing new healthcare facilities or planning renovations to existing facilities (refer to Part A, Section III, B, 2).
Engineering controls—Source control—Respiratory hygiene
Respiratory hygiene refers to a combination of measures designed to minimize the transmission of respiratory pathogensFootnote 45, Footnote 48, Footnote 148, Footnote 213, Footnote 214, Footnote 215. These source control measures are targeted to all individuals with symptoms of respiratory infection, starting at the initial encounter in a healthcare setting, and are maintained throughout every encounter in the healthcare setting (e.g., triage in emergency departments, reception in ambulatory clinics or healthcare provider offices, and in strategic places such as elevators and cafeterias). Respiratory hygiene involves educating and encouraging all individuals (patients, HCWs and visitors) who have the physical and cognitive abilities to do so to practice respiratory hygiene. Specific measures may include instructional signs, education programs and provision of materials for respiratory hygiene (e.g., tissues, no-touch plastic-lined waste receptacles, ABHR).
Further information is available in the PHAC Infection Control Guideline for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated PneumoniaFootnote 216.
Engineering controls—Source control—Hand hygiene
Organizational barriers related to engineering controls, such as a lack of accessibility to and maintenance of hand hygiene facilities and poor access to hand hygiene products, negatively affect adherence to hand hygiene. Organizations have the responsibility to ensure that such barriers are addressed. Readers are referred to the PHAC IPC guideline for Hand Hygiene Practices in Healthcare SettingsFootnote 217.
Engineering controls—Source control—Patient placement
Recently, in an effort to increase access to scarce inpatient beds and reduce emergency department crowding, some Canadian hospitals have developed "overcapacity" or "full capacity" protocols (i.e., admitting patients to inpatient units that are already at maximum capacity)Footnote 218. The Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) Position Statement, "Overcapacity Protocols and Capacity in Canada's Health System" noted such protocols may affect the safety of patients and nurses including increasing the number and severity of adverse events and have concerns regarding control of infectious diseaseFootnote 218. The CNA advises that hospitals take every necessary step to avoid use of overcapacity protocols and that an overcapacity protocol not be considered the norm in the delivery of hospital services. Hospitals that have short-term use of overcapacity or full capacity protocols should develop and implement policies and practices that minimize the risk of spread of infection through overcrowding and understaffing. Patients who present to hospital with acute transmissible infections (including but not limited to vomiting, diarrhea, fever, cough, coryza, shortness of breath) are not candidates for overcapacity placement.
Engineering controls—Source control—Strategies to reduce aerosols during aerosol-generating medical procedures
3. Administrative control measures
Occupational health program
An objective of an OH program is to identify risk situations with the potential for occupational exposure or transmission of a microorganism, either to or from the HCW and other individuals. Components of an OH program that support the use of routine practices and additional precautions to prevent exposure or transmission of microorganisms can be found in the PHAC IPC guideline Prevention and Control of Occupational Infections in Health CareFootnote 219 and include:
- preplacement assessment (at time of employment)
- ensuring immunity to vaccine preventable infectious diseases
- tuberculosis screening (preplacement and screening, as per organizational policies)
- annual influenza immunization
- policies for management of HCWs with infections
- management of latex and other glove component allergies
- prevention of exposure to bloodborne pathogens, including a sharps safety program (refer below)
- management of HCWs who cannot wear PPE (e.g., respirators)
Important components of an OH program that support the use of routine practices and additional precautions not in the PHAC IPC guideline Prevention and Control of Occupational Infections in Health CareFootnote 219 include:
- management of HCWs unable to comply with hand hygiene recommendations (for details refer to PHAC IPC guideline Hand Hygiene Practices in Healthcare SettingsFootnote 2
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می بریم:
Will + Subject + be + Gerund + Complement
Will I be walking during night?
Will she be walking during night?
Will you be walking during night?
Short answer
اما پاسخ کوتاه:
Will she be reading the book tomorrow?
Yes, she will be.
No, she will not be. (She won’t be.)
با توجه به پاسخ کوتاه متوجه می شوید که تفاوت این ساختار با will ساده این است که در آنجا می گفتیم Yes, she will اما اینجا حتما باید فعل To be در پاسخ کوتاه ما مطرح شود.
به سراغ Structure chart آینده استمراری می رویم:
نوبت شماست!
حالا نوبت شماست که تمرین کنید! ساختارهای مثبت، منفی و سوالی در زمان آینده استمراری را تمرین کنید تا در ادامه که با Concept ها یعنی مفاهیم و کاربردهای این مبحث آشنا شدید، بتوانید به درستی از این کاربردها در زبان انگلیسی استفاده کنید.
CONCEPT یا کاربرد آینده استمراری یا Future Progressive
درست مثل زمان Present progressive که می گفتیم یک عمل الان در حال اتفاق افتادن است، و زمان Past progressive که در یک بازه زمانی در گذشته اتفاقی در حال رخ دادن بود، در زمان Future Progressive نیز یک اتفاق On going در حال رخ دادن در بازه ای در آینده خواهد بود. بنابراین Concept یا کاربرد و مفهوم زمان آینده استمراری یا Future Progressive می شود: Ongoing action in some point in the future
به این مثال توجه کنید:
We will be going to the movies on Saturday.
When I come to school, my classmates will be waiting for me.
اگر یادتان باشد گفتیم که فرم های progressive فقط با Action verb ها یا فعل های کنشی می آیند. یعنی فعل های Stative یا افعال حالت نمی توانند در این فرم استفاده شوند. یادآوری می کنیم؛ فعل های Stative چه افعالی بودند؟ این فعل ها افعالی بودند که Relationship، وضعیت ذهنی، یا احساسات و عواطف ما را نشان می دهند.
اما افعال Action تغییر، کنش و پروسه را نشان می دهند. ما در Concept چهارم زمان Present simple، مبحث فعل های Stative را مطرح کردیم. این افعال 4 دسته هستند. یک دسته از این افعال مرتبط به افکار ما هستند، دسته ی بعدی به دارایی مرتبط اند، دسته ی دیگر نیز مرتبط به 5 حس ما هستند و دسته بعدی نیز فعل هایی هستند که مرتبط به احساسات و عواطف اند.
در استفاده و کاربرد زمان Future Progressive، چون این زمان در دسته ی Progressive هاست و Continuous است، فقط می توانیم از افعال دسته ی Action یا Dynamic استفاده کنیم.
فعل های حالت نمی توانند فرم Continuous بگیرند و حتما باید فرم ساده داشته باشند.
بنابراین He is being tall غلط است! باید بگوییم He is tall
He is resembling his mother غلط است بلکه باید بگوییم He resembles his mother
I am wanting spaghetti for dinner غلط است چرا که باید بگوییم I want spaghetti
نوبت شماست!
برای خودتان در آینده چند بازه ی زمانی انتخاب کنید. مثلا فردا ساعت 9 تا 10. یا ساعت 12 تا 12:30 فردا که احتمالا در حال ناهار خوردن خواهید بود. یا ساعت 5 تا 7 بعد از ظهر فردا که در حال تماشای فوتبال خواهید بود. و زمان هایی مشابه به این برنامه ها. هر اتفاق On going ای را که فکر می کنید در آینده می خواهید آن را انجام بدهید، یادداشت کنید. سپس با استفاده از Structure یا ساختار زمان Future Progressive در حالت های مثبت، منفی و سوالی تمامی این حالت ها را تمرین کنید تا به خوبی این مبحث را یاد بگیرید.Wada öldür
Ancak, karamsarlık, söyledikleri gibi, bir kenara. Fancy Bear'in bir ya da başka bir WADA sporcusu tarafından yasaklanmış ilaçların kullanımının tahmin edilmesinde çok farklı bir yaklaşım ortaya koyma çalışması farkedilmedi. The Guardian'ın bu haftaki İngiliz baskısı, Dünya Anti-Doping Derneği yetkililerinin "Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi'nin kesin kararlarından korktuğunu" belirten bir materyalle çıktı.
Mesele şu ki, Bay McLaren “devlet düzeyinde doping kullanımı için bütün bir destek sisteminin var olduğuna dair kanıtlar var” demiştir, ancak McLaren devlet düzeyinde doping kullanımı için bir destek sisteminin var olduğuna dair bir kanıt var, ancak IOC McLaren'den veya WADA'dan kimseden değil Şimdiye kadar ve en azından bazı gerçek gerçeklerin sağlanması için beklemiyordum. “Sunulan” tek şey, test toplama gemilerindeki gemilerdeki çiziklerin yanı sıra McLaren'in “duvardaki delikler ve FSB görevlileri” destanının, bu deliklerden gizemli bir şekilde sporcuların doping idrarını alıp yerine koymalarına ilişkin bilinen ifadelerdir. "Saf ürün".
Bildiğimiz gibi, IOC sordu: arkadaşlar, en azından idrarı “duvardaki bir delikle değiştirildi” isimlerini söyleyecektiniz. Bunun için, bir komplo yüz buruşturma yapan Bay Maclaren cevap verdi: zaman değil, derler ki ... daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyacımız var ve aslında hepsi “çok gizli”. Mesela tamamen centilmen, bizim sözümüze katlanmalısınız, çünkü beyler asla yalan söylemez ...
Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi, Rus sporcuları büyük bir titizlikle titreyen bir şey değil, en azından WADA komisyonundan "kanıt" alma arzusunu açıkça ortaya koyuyor. Sonuçta, aslında, Rus milli takımının üçte biri Rio'daki Oyunlardan çıkarıldı ve dışlanan sporcuların ezici çoğunluğu tazminat talebinde bulundu. Bazı verilere göre toplam dava sayısı 0,5 milyar dolar için geçiyor ve IOC (Rus sporlarından önce ne tür bir sıkıntı ve hürmet olduğunu ...) mahkemelerin suçsuz olarak işten çıkarılmış olan sporcuların lehine karar vermeleri durumunda, suçlamaları gerekmeyeceğini anlıyor Maclaren ve Co. ellerini yıkayacak ...
Öyleyse ... Eğer Fancy Bear yayınlarından önce, eğer IOC WADA'dan daha ayrıntılı bilgi alma arzusunu açıkladıysa, o zaman yayınlardan sonra, artık arzuları değil, gereklilikleri ifade etti. IOC üyesi (Arjantin Ulusal Olimpiyat Komitesi'nin başkanı), Gerardo Werthein, WADA yetkililerini korkutan bir açıklama yaptı. Werthein'e göre, WADA, IOC'yi burnundan yönlendirerek sorumluluğu kendisinden başkasına devretmeye çalışıyor. Arjantin NOC başkanı, WADA'yı sporu itibarsızlaştırmak ve yolsuzluk planlarına dahil olmakla suçladı.
WADA'nın çalışmaları üzerine Gerardo Werthein:
WADA’nın “doping’in bireysel sporcular tarafından şeffaflık olmadan alınmasına izin verilmesine ilişkin sertifikaları” dikkate aldığı bilgisinin ardından, birçok ülkenin spor elitlerinin temsilcileri, “geri tepme” almada resmi izinlerin kayıtlarını tutmaktan sorumlu olanlardan şüpheleniyorlardı. Bildiğiniz gibi, WADA'nın avukatlarla steroid ve uyuşturucu yemesine izin verdiği, beni affettiği “hasta” sporcuların çoğu, sonunda Rio de Jeanneros'taki Olimpiyatların kazananları ve ödül kazananları oldu. Sadece IOC ve uluslararası spor federasyonlarından değil, aynı zamanda ulusal hükümetlerden de bonuslar alan kazananlar ve ödül kazananlar. Bazı durumlarda, bir madalya için 1 milyon doların üzerinde bir ödül verilmesi söz konusuydu.
Bu çerçevede, IOC başkanı Thomas Bach, Dünya Anti-Doping Derneği Başkanı Craig Reedy'nin "kendisine verilen görevlerle baş edemediğini" söyledi. Doğru, Bach muhtemel yolsuzluk planlarından bahsetmedi, ancak Reedy'e ve bütün WADA'ya ana delinme adını verdi, örgütün doping kullanımına engel olamadı. Ve bunun kanıtı, görünüşe göre, WADA'nın bir sporcunun yasaklı uyuşturucu kullanması için bir hoşgörü olarak kabul ettiği “doktor sertifikalarını” da içeriyor. Bilindiği gibi, hikayeler Roma Katolik Kilisesi, hoşgörü iyi para için satın alınabilirdi. Görünüşe göre, WADA “yoksunluk” geleneğini unutmamaya karar verdi.
Öyleyse, Dünya Anti-Doping Derneği yetkilileri şimdi neden korkuyorlar? WADA'nın var olmaktan çıkacağından korkuyorlar. Yukarıda belirtilen Gerardo Werthein, WADA yerine sadece dopingle ilgili sorunları değil, aynı zamanda spordaki yolsuzluk meselelerini de ele alacak bir yapı yaratacağı inisiyatifi başlattı. Ve İngiliz basına göre, Bay Reedy ve WADA'nın şu anki zirvesinin diğer temsilcileri bu yapıda yer almayacak.
WADA'nın muhtemel dağılması girişimi, bariz sebeplerden ötürü, derneğin kendisindeki düşmanlıkla karşılandı. Podtyvayvayut ve eski. Bu nedenle, eski anti-doping başkanı (veya hala doping) hileleri, Richard Pound, Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi temsilcilerinin ifadelerine yorum yaptı:
Bu durumda garip, bir şey - Rus yetkililerin spordaki sessizliği. Sonuçta, aslında, WADA düzinelerce Amerikan, İngiliz, Alman ve diğer sporcular tarafından yasadışı uyuşturucu kullanımını tüketmekten suçlu bulunmuştur. Dahası, WADA aslında, dopingle ilgili tek bir ağır delil kanıtı bulunmayan, masumiyet karinesine ilişkin tam bir sünnetle ilgili olan Rus Olimpiyatçıları ve Paralimpiyanlar hakkında yalan söylemekten suçlu bulunmuştur.
Tüm bu gerçekler, WADA'nın yalancılarını ve yozlaşmış görevlilerini bir dizi iddia ve kişisel yaptırımların getirilmesiyle basitçe yok etmek için yeterli. Rusya Federasyonu Spor Bakanlığı’nın ne kadar garip bir “Olimpiyat” Yoksa “kendi atmosferi” var mı?
- Alexei Volodin
- 100li4ka.ru
Abone olun ve en son haberler ve günün en önemli olaylarından haberdar olun.Juneteenth, a longstanding holiday in parts of the United States that recognizes the emancipation of enslaved African Americans and celebrates the self-determination of Black Americans, is now an official state holiday in Colorado. Gov. Jared Polis signed a legislative bill into law on May 2, declaring Juneteenth a state holiday. Colorado’s decision to observe Juneteenth follows the lead of the federal government, which officially recognized the holiday last year.
Traditionally observed on June 19, Juneteenth marks the date in 1865 when the Union Army arrived in Texas, the last state in the Confederacy with institutional slavery, to proclaim freedom for enslaved people—more than two years after President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation.
“As a university committed to diversity, equity and inclusion, we’re proud to join with all Coloradans in recognizing this important moment in U.S. history,” said Chancellor Philip DiStefano. “As we celebrate Juneteenth this year, I urge everyone in the CU Boulder community to reflect on the long road to emancipation and the ways our modern lives continue to be shaped by the stain of American slavery.”
Later this spring, CU Boulder will announce a campus event to honor and recognize Juneteenth, and University Libraries has assembled an online resource guide to share more about the holiday. In addition, Denver’s historic Five Points neighborhood will hold its annual Juneteenth celebration, June 17-19.
“Juneteenth is a noteworthy celebration not only for the Black community but for all of us to value U.S. history," said Sonia DeLuca Fernández, senior vice chancellor for diversity, equity and inclusion. "As a place for lifelong learning, CU Boulder has a responsibility to perpetually renew our commitment to freedom and justice––understanding important legacies of both tragedy and triumph.”
The university will offer Juneteenth as a floating personal observance day for all leave-eligible faculty and staff, who can take the time off between now and Dec. 31 in consultation with supervisors, campus human resources officials said.
This flexibility will accommodate faculty, staff and students involved with the summer session, which begins May 9 and is part of the current academic calendar.
The summer session academic calendar, which has been set to include the number of instructor-student contact hours required for university accreditation, precludes the university from instituting a fixed holiday this summer.
In the months ahead, the four CU campuses and the university’s system office will determine how to implement this additional state holiday into academic calendars. Details on a personal day of observance for Juneteenth for fiscal year 2023 will be forthcoming.
More information is available on the Human Resources website.DI ALFREDO FACCHINI
Tutti zitti. Se parli fai la fine di Anwar El Ghazi.
Finisci a pallonate in faccia. Si fa per dire.
Nella realtà il calciatore è stato licenziato dal suo club, il Mainz, non per scommesse o combine, ma per le sue parole di sostegno alla causa palestinese.
Succede anche questo nel dorato mondo pallonaro.
“Come può rimanere il mondo silente quando a Gaza viene ucciso un bambino ogni 10 minuti? Nel tempo che impiego a giocare una partita vengono uccisi 9 bambini. E questo numero cresce ogni giorno. Io non posso rimanere volutamente in silenzio. Dobbiamo chiedere che finisca subito il conflitto a Gaza!”.
Il club tedesco lo ha licenziato in tronco: “con effetto immediato”, si legge in un comunicato. La misura è stata adottata “in risposta alle dichiarazioni e ai post del giocatore sui social media”.
Il giocatore olandese ha replicato dicendo che la perdita del suo lavoro “non è nulla in confronto all’inferno che stanno subendo le persone innocenti e vulnerabili a Gaza”.
.
Anwar El Ghazi, uomo vero. Ce ne fossero.Number of Participants: 300
Hours Donated: 1
Value of Time Served: $2,535
Event Type: Veterans & Military Families
Date: September 11, 2021
The Garden City Public Schools recognize the devastating impact that the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks had on the community and the entire nation. In commemoration of Patriot Day, which acknowledges this date’s place in history each year, a variety of activities and tributes honored the lives that were lost and the heroism that was demonstrated by first responders and all those who helped.
Each building held a moment of silence to remember the individuals and families who were directly impacted. Many students and staff members wore red, white and blue, and teachers read books that describe the events of September 11 in age-appropriate ways.
Hemlock students heard the story Fireboat by Maira Kalman and learned about ways that people can help the world. Some classes wrote thank you notes and drew pictures to give to helpers, and all students created their own patriotic pinwheels that they proudly displayed outside. Students from Homestead and Locust schools wrote powerful messages of thanks to the Garden City Police Department, the Garden City Fire Department, health care workers at Winthrop Hospital, Veterans and nurses. Homestead classes also created paper American Flags that were displayed on classroom windows, and Locust students and staff members wore red as a symbol of appreciation for those who keep them safe.
Stratford Avenue School held grade-level read-alouds that featured books about the day and conveyed the importance of helping others. Stewart School shared morning Words of Wisdom announcements that focused on heroes. Garden City Middle School presented a thoughtful morning announcement, and many teachers made connections between their subject areas and the events of September 11.
Garden City High School also made a statement during morning announcements and installed additional flags around the building’s September 11 memorial on Rockaway Avenue. Students are selling commemorative pins at their home football game and will donate funds to a 9/11 related charity.
These are just some of the many activities and lessons that were held throughout the district to remember September 11, 2001 and honor Patriot Day.
Locust 1 & 2: Locust students displayed the cards that they made for Veterans.
Hemlock 1 & 2: Students at Hemlock assembled and waved their Patriotic Pinwheels on Patriot Day.
Homestead 1 & 2: Students at Homestead wrote letters and made flags in honor of Patriot Day.
Cards: Cards that students made for healthcare workers are displayed at Winthrop Hospital to greet employees as they arrive at work each day.
Photos courtesy of Garden City Public SchoolsUn anno fa
Anche i Comuni non sono luoghi per donne. Nel 2018 sono uomini l’86% dei sindaci italiani.
La legge 215 del 2012 ha previsto per i comuni sopra i 5000 abitanti norme sulla preferenza di genere e le quote di lista per favorire la presenza di donne tra i candidati. Di conseguenza, nel 2013 la percentuale di donne candidate nei consigli comunali ha finalmente superato il 30%.
Però poi le donne effettivamente elette quante sono? Fino al 2012 rappresentavano circa il 20% dei consiglieri comunali. Grazie alla nuova legge, nel 2016 diventano il 30,4%, un aumento del 40% rispetto al 2009.
Che fatica
Un secolo fa
I giudici devono occuparsi di un caso diverso dal solito. C'è stato un furto, la persona accusata non si è presentata al primo giudizio in Tribunale, è stata condannata a un anno di reclusione. Viene rintracciata, si scusa, spiega di essersi del tutto dimenticata del processo in corso e fa appello.
Stavolta si presenta in tribunale e prova a convincere i giudici della sua innocenza. Certo, la possibilità di essere condannata di nuovo esiste ma i suoi avvocati pongono un dilemma ai giudici: in caso di condanna quali benefici applicheranno? La persona è impregiudicata ma si tratta di una trans: per lei vale lo sconto di un anno previsto per le donne o di sei mesi previsto per gli uomini?
Viene assolta.ویلی وو: روند کلی صعودی بیتکوین به پایان نرسیده است
قیمت بیتکوین در این هفته به طور قابل توجهی کاهش یافت، و به زیر سطح 30000 دلار سقوط کرد. با این حال ویلی وو،
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试验室加盖试验检测专用章确认后方有效。
2 报告需有检测、编制、审核、批准人签字，并加盖试验检测专用印章，否则报告无效。
3 对报告有异议，请于收到报告之日起十五个工作日内向本试验室提出。
4 送检样品仅对来样负责。
XXXXXX检测中心
联 系 人：
联系电话： 投诉电话：
传 真：
邮 编：
地 址：
目 录
第一章 概述 ............................................................................................................................ 1
第二章 试验目的及依据 ........................................................................................................ 4
2.1试验目的 ...................................................................................................................... 4
2.2试验依据 ...................................................................................................................... 4
第三章 荷载试验实施方案 .................................................................................................... 5
3.1静载试验 ...................................................................................................................... 5
3.2动载试验 ...................................................................................................................... 9
第四章 试验准备及过程 ........................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。
4.1 现场的准备工作 ....................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
4.2 内业的准备工作 ....................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
4.3 试验过程 ................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
第五章 静载试验成果整理及分析 ........................................................ 错误！未定义书签。
5.1 桥梁承载能力的评定方法 ....................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
5.2 静载试验资料的整理分析 ....................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
5.3静载试验分析 ............................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。
5.4 静载试验小结 ........................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
第六章 动载试验成果整理分析 ............................................................ 错误！未定义书签。
6.1 桥梁模态试验结果 ................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
6.2 车辆激励试验结果 ................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
6.3 动载试验小结 ........................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
第七章 试验结论 .................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。
第一章 概述
宁波市市政管理处“2013年度市管桥梁特殊检测项目”的招标子包二招标范围为：兴宁桥、江厦桥、运河桥、姚隘路桥、中兴北路桥、通途路改建工程1#桥、通途路改建工程5#桥、百丈东路延伸1#桥、杉杉桥、王家弄桥，共10座桥，10座桥的基本信息如下：
兴宁桥位于兴宁路上，建造于1985年12月，设计荷载等级为汽车-20级，挂车-100，人群3.5kN/m2。桥梁总长349.52米，主跨跨径组成为31.69m+3×32m+31.69m，桥梁横向布置为3.25m（人行道）+15m（车行道）3.25m（人行道）=21.5m。
江厦桥位于中山东路上，建造于1990年12月，设计荷载等级为汽车- 20级，挂车-100，人群3.5kN/m2。桥梁总长136.8m，跨径组合为25m+25m+36m+25m+25m，桥梁横向布置为3.0m（人行道）+6.0m（慢车道）+2.25m（分隔带）+18.0m（快车道）+2.25m（分隔带）+6m（车行道）+3.0m（人行道）=40.5m。
运河桥位于环城北路上，建造于2003年8月，设计荷载等级为城-A级，人群荷载为城市桥梁标准荷载。桥梁总长196.1m，跨径组合为11m+4×20m+25m+4×20m，桥梁横向布置为4.0m（人行道）+4.0m（慢车道）+1.5m（分隔带）+11.0m（快车道）+3.0m（中央分隔带）+11.0m（快车道）+1.5m（分隔带）+4.0m（慢车道）+4.0m（人行道）=44.0m。
姚隘路桥位于姚隘路上，建造于1993年11月，设计荷载等级为汽-20级，挂-100，人群荷载为3.5kN/m2。桥梁总长16.8m，跨径为16m，桥梁横向布置为5.0m（人行道）+7.0m（慢车道）+2.0m（分隔带）+23m（快车道）+2.0m（分隔带）+7.0m（车行道）+5.0m（人行道）=51.0m。
中兴北路桥位于中兴北路上，建造于1993年3月，设计荷载等级为汽-20级，挂-100，人群荷载为3.5kN/m2。桥梁总长8.45m，跨径为8.0m，桥梁横向布置为0.2m（护栏）+5.0m（人行道）+24.0m（车行道）+5.0m（人行道）+0.2m（护栏）=34.4m。
通途路改建工程1#桥位于通途路上，建造于2003年3月，设计荷载等级为汽-20级，挂-100，人群荷载为3.6kN/m2。桥梁总长92.81m，跨径组合为4×16.0m，桥梁横向
布置为4.0m（人行道）+8.0m（辅道）+4.0m（绿化分隔带）+12.0m（快车道）+12.0m（绿化分隔带）+12.0m（快车道）+4.0m（绿化分隔带）+8.0m（辅道）+4.0m（人行道）=68.0m。
通途路改建工程5#桥位于通途路上，建造于2002年12月，设计荷载等级为城-A级，人群荷载为3.6kN/m2。桥梁总长39.04m，跨径组合为3×13.0m，桥梁横向布置为4.0m（人行道）+8.0m（辅道）+4.0m（绿化分隔带）+12.0m（快车道）+8.0m（绿化分隔带）+16.0m（快车道）+4.0m（绿化分隔带）+8.0m（辅道）+4.0m（人行道）=68.0m。
百丈东路延伸1#桥位于百丈东路上，建造于1997年10月，设计荷载等级为汽-20级，挂-100，人群荷载为3.5kN/m2。桥梁总长13.5m，跨径为13.0m，桥梁横向布置为5.0m（人行道）+5.0m（慢车道）+2.0m（分隔带）+16.0m（车行道）+2.0m（分隔带）+5.0m（慢车道）+5.0m（人行道）=40.0m。
杉杉桥位于百丈东路上，建造于1997年9月，设计荷载等级为汽-20级，挂-100，人群荷载为3.5kN/m2。桥梁总长26.56m，跨径为16.0m，桥梁横向布置为5.0m（人行道）+5.0m（慢车道）+2.0m（分隔带）+23.0m（车行道）+2.0m（分隔带）+5.0m（慢车道）+5.0m（人行道）=47.0m。
王家弄桥位于百丈东路上，建造于1997年9月，设计荷载等级为汽-20级，挂-100，人群荷载为3.5kN/m2。桥梁总长26.5m，跨径为16.0m，桥梁横向布置为5.0m（人行道）+5.0m（慢车道）+2.0m（分隔带）+16.0m（车行道）+2.0m（分隔带）+5.0m（慢车道）+5.0m（人行道）=40.0m。
表1-1 10座桥梁信息表
受XXXXXXX的委托，XXXXXXX公司于2013年X月XX日到X月XX日，对这10座桥梁进行了静动载试验。
本次荷载试验过程中所用的仪器有：振弦式读数仪(编号：XXXX)、水准仪（编号：XXXX）以及动载测试仪（编号：XXXXX）等。
第二章 试验目的及依据
2.1试验目的
1. 通过测定桥梁结构在试验荷载作用下的实际工作状态，检验桥梁的承载能力是否满足正常使用状况的要求；
2. 测定全桥的振型与固有频率、阻尼比，了解结构的自振特性，了解桥梁的动力性能；
3. 检验桥梁在使用荷载不同行车速度条件下的实际工作状态，测量主梁结构构件在控制截面的动应变，分析评价桥梁的动力系数和桥梁主梁的竖向刚度是否满足有关要求；
4. 完善桥梁的技术档案，为后期养护维修提供依据。
2.2试验依据
《城市桥梁养护技术规范》（CJJ 99-2003）；
《城市桥梁设计荷载标准》（CJJ 77-98）；
《公路桥涵设计通用规范》（JTJ021-89）；
《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》（JTJ023-85）；
《公路桥梁承载能力检测评定规程》（JTG/T J21-2011）；
《公路工程技术标准》（JTG B01-2003）；
桥梁相关的资料。
第三章 荷载试验实施方案
3.1兴宁桥
3.1.1静载试验
184.108.40.206 测试项目
根据各桥的结构特点及静载试验的主要试验目的，确定以下静载试验测试项目：
1. 桥梁控制截面在试验荷载下的应变；
2. 桥梁控制载面在试验荷载下的最大挠度。
220.127.116.11 测试截面的确定
利用桥梁结构分析专用程序Midas/Civil对该桥桥梁进行结构计算分析，计算时采用设计荷载进行加载，横向按照规范规定折减计算。汽车荷载作用下桥梁的弯矩包络值如图3-1-1所示，挂车荷载作用下桥梁的弯矩包络值如图3-1-2所示，人群荷载作用下桥梁的弯矩包络值如图3-1-3所示，根据桥梁活载作用下的内力包络图，可确定兴宁桥测试控制截面，控制截面具体位置如图3-1-4所示。
图3-1-1 汽车荷载作用下弯矩包络图
图3-1-2 挂车荷载作用下弯矩包络图
图3-1-3 人群荷载作用下弯矩包络图
墩墩
图3-1-4 兴宁桥试验截面位置示意图(单位：m)
测试截面的具体测试内容如下表3-1-1所示。
表3-1-1 桥梁各测试截面测试项目表
18.104.22.168 测点布置
22.214.171.124.1 应力测点
截面的混凝土表面应力采用稳定性好、精度高并适合于野外环境的振弦式应变计进行测量，主要测试控制截面的应力分布规律和受力性能，测试截面应变传感器布置示意图见图3-1-5。
图3-1-5 兴宁桥测试截面应变测点布置图（单位：cm）
126.96.36.199.2 挠度测点
桥梁竖向挠度，通过在桥面布置水准观测点，采用精密水准仪测量，测点布置示意
图如图3-1-6~图3-1-6所示。
图3-1-6 兴宁桥测试截面偏载加载挠度测点布置图（单位：cm）
图3-1-7 兴宁桥测试截面对称加载挠度测点布置图（单位：cm）
188.8.131.52 加载工况 184.108.40.206.1 加载车型
静载试验采用35t车进行等效加载，车型如图3-1-8所示。
图3-1-8 加载车型图（单位：cm）
车队纵向位置按Midas/Civil软件计算的影响线进行布设，为保证试验效果，对于某一特定荷载工况，试验荷载的大小和加载位置的选择采用静载试验效率系数d进行控制，静力试验荷载的效率系数即为试验施加荷载产生的作用效应和设计荷载作用效应(考虑冲击影响)的比值一般应满足0.95~1.05之间。
静载试验效率d为：d
Ss
S(1)
式中：Ss为静载试验荷载作用下控制截面的内力计算值；S为控制荷载作用下控制截面最不利内力计算值；为按规范取用的冲击系数；d为静力试验荷载的效率系数。 220.127.116.11.2 荷载横向布置
兴宁桥测试截面偏载加载采用图3-1-9的横向加载方式进行加载，测试截面对称加载采用图3-1-10的横向加载方式进行加载。
图3-1-9 兴宁桥测试截面偏载加载横向布置图（单位：cm）
图3-1-10 兴宁桥测试截面对称加载横向布置图（单位：cm）
18.104.22.168.3荷载纵向布置
兴宁桥测试截面采用图3-1-11的纵向加载方式进行加载。
图3-1-11 兴宁桥测试截面纵向车辆布置图 (单位：cm)
以上各荷载工况的荷载效率系数如表3-3、表3-4所示。
表3-1-2 兴宁桥荷载效率系数计算表
3.2动载试验 3.2.1 试验内容
（1）行车试验
试验时，让1辆标准车(同加载车)以车速为10 km/h、20km/h、40km/h匀速通过桥跨结构，由于在行驶过程中对桥面产生冲击作用，从而使桥梁结构产生振动。通过动力测试系统测定测试桥梁跨中截面处的动应变时间历程曲线，以测得在行车条件下的振幅响应、动应变及冲击系数。
（2）刹车试验
试验时，让1辆标准车(同加载车)以10km/h、20km/h的速度匀速行驶至测试断面时实施紧急刹车，使其产生较大的制动力并对桥梁形成一定的冲击作用，测定桥梁跨中测点的振幅响应、动应变及冲击系数。
（3）跳车试验
在桥梁跨中截面处桥面设置高度为4cm的障碍物，模拟桥面铺装的局部不平整或损伤状态。试验时，让1辆载重汽车(同加载车)分别以10km/h、20km/h的速度匀速通过桥跨结构，在跨越障碍时对桥梁形成冲击作用，激起桥梁较大的竖向振动，测定此时桥梁在桥面不良状态时运行车辆荷载作用下的动态响应。
（4）脉动试验
在桥面无任何交通荷载以及桥址附近无规则振源的情况下，通过高灵敏度动力测试系统测定桥址处风荷载、地脉动、水流等随机荷载激振而引起桥跨结构的微幅振动响应，测得结构的自振频率和阻尼
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را برای جلوگیری از ریزش بیشتر قیمتها و با وجود رقابت فزاینده آمریکا، محدود کردند. این گروه در ژوییه توافق کرد کاهش تولید ۱.۲ میلیون بشکه در روز را تا پایان سه ماهه اول سال ۲۰۲۰ تمدید کند. این اقدام با وجود فشارهای دونالد ترامپ بر این گروه برای افزایش تولید نفت به منظور جلوگیری از صعود قیمتها صورت گرفت.
بر اساس گزارش رویترز، آمریکا پس از خروج از برجام، در نوامبر سال ۲۰۱۸ صادرات نفت ایران را هدف تحریم قرار داد و با هدف فشار حداکثری روی تهران، معافیتهای نفتی برای مشتریان بزرگ نفت ایران را که اوایل ماه مه به پایان رسید، تمدید نکرد.تجارت ۵۰۰ میلیون دلاری ایران و ترکیه در نخستین ماه ۲۰۲۴
به گزارش خبرگزاری تسنیم، آمارهای منتشرشده توسط اداره آمار ترکیه نشان میدهد مبادلات تجاری ایران با این کشور در ماه نخست سال جاری میلادی با رشد حدود ۲درصدی نسبت به مدت مشابه سال قبل، به ۵۰۱میلیون دلار رسیده است. تجارت دو کشور در ژانویه سال قبل ۴۹۳میلیون دلار اعلام شده بود. بر اساس این گزارش، صادرات ترکیه به ایران در ماه ژانویه ۲۰۲۴ با رشد ۳۵درصدی نسبت به مدت مشابه سال قبل مواجه شده و به ۳۲۴میلیون دلار رسیده است. ترکیه در ماه ژانویه سال قبل ۲۴۰میلیون دلار کالا به ایران صادر کرده بود. ایران هفدمین مقصد کالاهای صادراتی ترکیه در نخستین ماه ۲۰۲۴ بوده و ۱.۶درصد از کل صادرات ترکیه در این ماه به مقصد ایران بوده است. ایران سیامین منبع واردات ترکیه در ماه نخست ۲۰۲۴ شناخته شده است. مبادلات تجاری ایران و ترکیه در ۱۲ ماه سال ۲۰۲۳ با کاهش ۱۴درصدی، به ۵میلیارد و ۴۹۰میلیون دلار رسیده بود.Florida’s Everglades National Park from Space
Florida’s Everglades National Park is not your ordinary protected area. Its unique ecosystem is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, an International Biosphere Reserve, and a Wetland of International Importance. But the region has long been shaped by people, and in a network of ecosystems like this, the effects can be felt inside and outside the park.
|November 2, 1985|
The Everglades were once much larger. They drained wide, shallow, slow-moving sheets of water through a range of ecosystems from Lake Okeechobee and the Kissimmee River Floodplain, all the way to Florida Bay. But throughout the 1900s, people drained areas for agriculture and development and started building structures to manage the water for a growing coastal population. A small fraction of the original Everglades was designated as a National Park in 1947. “People have been building canals and levees in the Everglades to divert water and store the wet-season accumulation for use to recharge urban aquifers to the east during the dry season,” Trexler said. “These features are clearly visible in both images, and are the focus of efforts to restore the ecosystem and regain ecological functions lost by compartmentalizing and diverting water from large areas.”
|acquired October 17, 2014|
Satellite View Shows Changes
Many of the canals and much of the urban growth started before the advent of Earth-observing satellites, but there are still notable changes to the landscape since 1985. The tan-colored area of urban development (Homestead) east of the park has expanded. A series of large green areas also show up in the 2014 image, forming a nearly straight line along the western side of the developed area. Trexler notes that these are water retention areas, created to hold freshwater and create a barrier to seepage from the Everglades out of the park.
Inside the park, you can see a green patch of vegetation called Pine Island (also the location of the park headquarters). Other bright green areas in the 2014 image are restoration areas. These are areas where there was a large-scale removal of invasive plants and the natural wetland habitat was restored.
NASA Earth Observatory images by Jesse Allen, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Caption by Kathryn Hansen with image interpretation by Joel Trexler.✅کار در سوئد برای ایرانیان در چه صورت ممکن است؟
کار در سوئد برای ایرانیان در صورت به دست آوردن پیشنهاد کار از کارفرمایی در این کشور ممکن خواهد بود.
✅ با توجه به نرخ بیکاری در سوئد آیا کاریابی در سوئد توصیه می شود؟
کشور سوئد با توجه به نرخ پایین بیکاری شرایط خوبی را برای کار دارد. اما کشور سوئد تنها متخصصین ماهر را استخدام می نماید و بهتر است متخصصان به زبان سوئدی نیز مسلط باشند.
✅ پس از دریافت اجازه کار سوئد، افراد برای دریافت تابعیت کشور سوئد چه شرایطی باید داشته باشند.؟
فرد پس از کسب اقامت دائم و گذشت 6 تا 9 سال از کار و پرداخت مالیات در سوئد، برای دریافت تابعیت باید نشان دهد که با جامعه سوئد تطبیق پیدا نموده و جرمی مرتکب نشده و به زبان سوئدی نیز تسلط دارد.روسیه: منشور جنگ علیه ایران راه حل مسائل منطقه ای نیست
با ترس از تشدید تنش میان تهران و تل آویو ... وزیر امور خارجه روسیه سرگئی لاوروف با ابراز نگرانی از احترام به تنش میان ایران و رژیم صهیونیستی گفت: مسکو نمی تواند با اقدامات موافق است که راه حل برای هر مشکل منطقه در منشور جنگ علیه ایران است. که گزارش است و نه یک رابطه به نقل از آناتولی "سرگئی لاوروف" وزیر خارجه روسیه گفت که مسکو نگران تشدید تنش میان ایران و رژیم صهیونیستی است. لاوروف گفت که مسکو نمی تواند با اقدامات موافق است که راه حل برای هر مشکل منطقه در منشور جنگ علیه ایران است. وزیر امور خارجه روسیه سرگئی لاوروف گفت: "ما این اقدامات در سوریه است. در یمن و حتی در رابطه با تحولات در مورد فلسطین ما شاهد... از جمله شناسایی اورشلیم [بیت المقدس] تنها پایتخت اسرائیل". لاوروف همچنین گفت که این وضعیت مربوط به حادثه به اتهام یک تعداد انگشت شماری در زمین باید بررسی شود. "در این راستا او اشاره کرد: "مشخص نیست که [آیا] این پهپاد متعلق به ایران بوده است [یا خیر]. و سازوکارهایی به نمایندگی [از سوی کشورها] برای رسیدگی به یک چنین رویدادهایی وجود دارند: نیروهای پاسدار صلح سازمان ملل در بلندیهای جولان و سازمان نظارت بر آتش بس سازمان ملل». لاوروف در ادامه تأکید کرد: «هر دو سازوکار مزبور از این حق برخوردارند که در مورد یک چنین حوادثی تحقیق و تفحص کنند و من فکر می کنم که انجام اینگونه تحقیقات مفید خواهد بود». وزیر امور خارجه روسیه با اشاره به تلاش ناموفق نیروهای هوایی روسیه برای تماس با کُردها در عفرین سوریه به منظور کاستن از تنشها در منطقه، بار دیگر یادآور شد که موضع روسیه در قبال عفرین غیرقابل تغییر است. در همین ارتباط، «محمد جواد ظریف» وزیر امور خارجه ایران نیز تأکید کرد که سوریه نیازمند یک راه حل سیاسی است؛ اما به دلیلِ موج جدیدی از اشغالگری آمریکا، تمرکز بر اینگونه اقدامات دشوار است.به گزارش چی 24 به نقل از رسالت:
آیت الله احمد صابری همدانی در بیان خاطرات خود در سفر تبلیغیاش به ترکیه مینویسند:
در سال تبعید امام خمینی رحمت الله علیه به ترکیه، با دعوت عده ای از مسلمانان این کشور، مقدمات سفر من به آن جا، جهت تبلیغ امور دینی فراهم شد و من عازم این کشور شدم.
پس از ورود به ترکیه و استقرار در شهر استانبول، وضعیت نامناسب اجتماعی و وجود مفاسدی هم چون بی حجابی و کنترل شدیدی که کنسولگری ایران در استانبول در خصوص تبعید حضرت امام بر نمازگزاران مسجد اعمال می کرد، مرا از این سفر پشیمان ساخت و تصمیم گرفتم به ایران برگردم، اما قبل از عمل کردن به این تصمیم، نامه ای برای مرحوم آقای گلپایگانی فرستادم و در آن مشکلم را طرح کرده و بیان نمودم که با وضعیتی که در این جا حاکم است، ماندن برای من مشکل است و می خواهم برگردم.
چندی بعد، نامه ایشان در کتابخانهی مسجدی که خودم تأسیس کرده بودم، به دستم رسید. مرحوم گلپایگانی در سطر سوم یا چهارم نامه اش پس از احوالپرسی و تعارفات معمول نوشته بود: صابری، آن جا جای خدمت به اسلام است، استقامت کن. این جمله را که به نظر می رسید برجستگی مختصری نسبت به سایر جملات دارد، یک بار دیگر هم مرور کردم و سپس نامه را روی میز گذاشتم و برای اقامه نماز ظهر و عصر روانه مسجد شدم.
بعد از نماز دوباره به کتابخانه آمدم تا نامه را بردارم و به منزل ببرم. پاکت را برداشتم و باز نامه را درآوردم و شروع به خواندن کردم، ولی با تعجب دیدم که از آن جمله خبری نیست. مرور دوباره نامه هم نتیجه ای نداد. این موضوع به طور کلی وضعم را در هم ریخت و دگرگونم کرد.
با مقداری فکر و تامل به این نتیجه الهام بخش رسیدم که امام زمان عجل الله تعالی فرجه به این سفر عنایت دارد و وجود نازنین و مبارکش راضی است و می خواهد که من این جا بمانم. این نامه و جمله ای که مشاهده کردم و خواندم، در ضمن گویای بزرگی و عظمت مرحوم آیت الله گلپایگانی هم بود. به همین خاطر نامه ای به آن مرحوم نوشتم و موضوع را خاطر نشان کردم و بعداً که به ایران برگشتم، در یکی از سخنرانی هایم که در مجلس ختمی در گوگد گلپایگان ایراد کردم، آن را گفتم، اما خود آقا از ذکر این قضیه راضی نبود، لذا از من خواست که در جای دیگری تکرارش نکنم.
به هر حال نامه مرحوم آقای گلپایگانی منشأ خیر گردید و باعث شد که من در استانبول بمانم و به اسلام خدمت کنم و بحمدلله این خدمت و تبلیغاتی که در طی سالیان متمادی صورت گرفت به منزله بذری بود که مبدأ و اساس بسیاری از حرکت های اسلامی در ترکیه گردید.
منبع: کتاب خاطرات آیت الله احمد صابر همدانی، سید مصطفی صادقی“Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950’s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and oceans have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.” IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Report, Geneva, Switzerland, Summary for Policymakers,1.1.p.2
Our landscape is restless and a storm is coming. In 1940 Walter Benjamin prophetically wrote about the ‘angel of history’ who faces the past while wreckage upon wreckage is thrown at his feet. History is a pile of debris that we see as a series of events but the angel sees it as one single catastrophe. The angel would like to stop to fix or make whole what has been smashed. However a storm is blowing from paradise blowing him backwards into the future. This storm is called Progress.1
The image of the angel watching our historic debris pile high unable to act as he is being propelled backwards has a strong poetic and visual resonance. The hindsight of history only serves if you do not repeat what has gone before, however the IPCC has analysed the past, like the angel, and has gazed into our future issuing predictions and projections. Our debris is reaching to the heavens and this storm is an extreme weather event with no signs of abating.
RISING WATERS is an ongoing project that utilises data from the National Tide Centre and the IPCC 5th report 2013, to construct mean sea levels documenting current and future sea levels. Projected rises of CO2 levels in the atmosphere with concentrations from 700-1500 parts per million is predicted for 2100, currently we are above 400 parts per million. The timber markers are a tangible and visual cue showing increases of mean sea levels if green house gases continue to be released into the atmosphere unabated.
Acknowledging science data and creating a visual form allows each marker to act as a visual prompt, making a global phenomenon visible at a human scale. Minimal in form and aesthetically calming in colour, the markers are anything but innocuous as they symbolise ocean acidification, warming, loss of species and habitat offering a simple visual warning.
- Benjamin,Walter.1969.Illuminations,ed.Hannah Arendt, trans.Harry Zohn (New York) Schocken Books cited in Haynes, Deborah J.1997.The Vocation Of The Artist. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,p.224.
RISING-Port Phillip is an art intervention in the form of a series of timber markers displaying current and future Melbourne sea water levels placed temporarily in Melbourne environs; schools, businesses, public spaces and private residences. Each marker acts as a visual cue showing the rise of mean sea levels if green house gases continue to be released into the atmosphere unabated. By 2100 if CO2 levels are 700-1500 parts per million, (currently they are above 400ppm), mean sea levels are projected to rise in the order of 52-98 cms. (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 5th report 2014).
The markers make a global phenomenon visible at a human scale, prompting a response and generating conversation about the dramatic effects of rising sea levels on coastline communities around the world.
This art project was part of Creative Spaces Lab-14 Residency, Carlton Connect and supported by the City of Melbourne.
IMAGE sea level marker at Point Gellibrand, Williamstown 2017By Michelle Tchea
Do you say errw to vegetables?
Do you hate the smell of plain milk in the morning?
Especially if your mum tells you to drink more than two glasses a day?
Mum’s and Dad’s always say that fruit and vegetables are great for you. But how do they make us healthy? And what is the deal with milk? How can drinking just two glasses a day build strong bones and teeth?
Believe me! Milk is great for you because there is something special in it called Calcium. Calcium is important for kids and grown-ups. It can build strong bones to climb monkey bars and it also makes you strong teeth so that you can eat delicious things like Pink Cupcakes with Chocolate Sauce! Milk and yogurt are part of the diary family so they are very good for growing kids.
So the next time someone asks you what you want to drink – scream MILK please!
Try these delicious recipes with your mum and dad and GET TOUGH with MILK!
For mum’s and dad’s:
The next time your child screams out for a cool drink – don’t reach for a sugary drink but rather a tall glass of fresh milk. Calcium is a key mineral found in milk and other dairy products and has been well proven as a key ingredient to a growing child’s health. However, for many parents, the arduous task to encourage kids to drink milk without sweetened chocolate syrup or powders during the day may seem increasingly difficult… but with a few clever tricks in the kitchen your kids will be demanding more of this health packed drink.
What is the importance of Calcium in my child’s diet?
Calcium is the most important mineral for kids. It is known as the building block for the health and development of strong and healthy bones and teeth. As a toddler, your kids need to build up calcium stores to ensure they have enough of this mineral for their teen years. Calcium in the body ensures good health, better eating habits and also stronger bones as an adult and being less prevalent to osteoporosis. The recommended amount of calcium for kids by the Canadian Health Government is 1000mg per day, 2 cups a day.
Fun Fruity smoothie
A double dose of calcium found in both milk and yogurt – paired with the health benefits of fresh fruit and sweetened with natural honey. Your kids will love this recipe.
- 1 banana, chopped
- A handful of strawberries
- 2 cups of milk
- 2 tablespoons strawberry flavoured yogurt
- 1 tablespoon of honey
In a blender, place the banana and strawberries together with the milk.
Add the strawberry yogurt and a good drizzle of yogurt.
Blend until smooth. Serve chilled
Chocolate and Peanut Butter Smoothie:
Recipe adapted from Building a Perfect Meal by Michelle Tchea
- 2 Tablespoons of natural cocoa powder
- 1 tablespoon Peanut Butter
- 2 cups of milk
- Optional but recommended: Chocolate syrup to serve
Blend all ingredients in a smoothie and enjoy. Drizzle extra chocolate syrup if desired.
Mini Pink Cakes with Special Gooey Chocolate Sauce
Makes about 12 small cakes
Full of healthy vegetables that you can’t really taste and full of diary goodness.
This recipe is adapted and made ‘kid friendly from’ Building a Perfect Meal ‘ by Michelle Tchea
To make the pink cupcakes
- 1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour, sifted
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
- A small pinch of salt
- 3/4 cup (1 1/2 sticks) unsalted butter, melted
- 1 cup packed light-brown sugar
- 1 large egg
- 2 tablespoons plain yogurt
- 1/4 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
- 1 1/2 cups grated beetroot (from about 4 medium round beetroots – fresh)
- Special gooey Chocolate Sauce (see recipe below) to serve
Get a grown up to help turn on the oven and preheat it to 375 degrees.
Line a 12-cup standard muffin tin with your favourite paper liners.
In a large bowl whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda and salt. Set aside.
In another large bowl, whisk together melted butter, brown sugar, egg, yogurt, and vanilla.
Stir in beetroot. Gradually add dry ingredients to butter mixture mixing until well combined.
Divide among muffin tin with a big spoon.
Bake in the hot oven for 25 to 30 minutes, rotating pan halfway through.
The cake is ready when you can smell them or when you insert a toothpick and it comes out.
Remove from pan to a wire rack to cool completely before frosting. Don’t burn your fingers!
Top each cupcake with lots of special chocolate gooey sauce
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abomination. This history shows Prescott at his most winning: he tells a ripping good yarn, aware of moral complication but not seduced into haplessness or incoherence.
Love of Gold
The History of the Conquest of Peru depicts the collision between a less vicious native people and a Spanish soldiery for whom spreading the Gospel was hardly a prime concern. The Inca empire, unlike the Aztec, preferred to expand by "gentleness, more potent than violence. [The Incas] sought to soften the hearts of the rude tribes around them, and melt them by acts of condescension and kindness." But rude tribes being what they are, war was a constant necessity. Nonetheless, the conquering Incas treated their subject peoples with solicitude, and generally improved their condition, so that without continual violent suppression, the empire thrived, its various subjects "under the influence of a common religion, common language, and common government, knit together as one nation, animated by a spirit of love for its institutions, and devoted loyalty to its sovereign."
The objective of relentless imperial expansion was domestic tranquility. The ordinary Peruvian lived his entire life in the station of his birth. "No man could be rich, no man could be poor in Peru; but all might enjoy, and did enjoy, a competence." (The Inca sovereign and the nobility of course enjoyed something more than a competence.) This assurance of security came at a cost.
[The] genius of the government…penetrated into the most private recesses of domestic life, allowing no man, however humble, to act for himself, even in those personal matters in which none but himself, or his family at most, might be supposed to be interested…. He was not allowed even to be happy in his own way. The government of the Incas was the mildest, but the most searching, of despotisms.
Prescott does not say so, but the Inca regime sounds like the extreme form of the soft tyranny that Alexis de Tocqueville, writing several years before, saw as the grave moral threat to an American democracy increasingly inclined to place equality above freedom.
Francisco Pizarro and his company, who descended upon the Inca nation in 1532, professed to be on the customary Spanish mission of saving heathen souls; but when the conquistadores seized the Inca monarch, Atahuallpa, he promptly discerned "a lurking appetite more potent in most of their bosoms than either religion or ambition. This was the love of gold." Gold the Inca ruler had plenty of. He promised Pizarro that, in exchange for his freedom, within two months he would fill the large apartment in which they stood with gold, and an adjoining room twice over with silver. From the ends of the empire the treasure poured in. The Spaniards melted down superb artworks and religious articles to form ingots, more readily portable as booty. The booty was unprecedented: worth over $15 million in the money of Prescott's time.
Atahuallpa insisted he had kept his promise, and clamored for his freedom. But the promised ransom was not yet delivered in full; priests guarded an abundance of imperial gold in sacred temples. Rumors of an Inca uprising, at Atahuallpa's instigation, frightened the Spanish troops. Their uproar forced Pizarro to put the king on trial for his life. The charges ranged from adultery to idolatry to fratricide to usurping the throne, but the accusation was inciting insurrection against the innocent Spaniards. Guilt and execution by burning were foregone conclusions. When Atahuallpa was bound to the stake, a Dominican friar promised that if the Inca agreed to be baptized, the punishment would be commuted to death by garrote—an ignoble but less agonizing way to die. Thus Atahuallpa chose to die a Christian. Earlier he had told Pizarro that the Spaniards' God must surely be superior to the Incas' sun god, who had allowed the pious monarch to be taken captive. Prescott suggests that Atahuallpa was nevertheless the moral superior of Pizarro and his band. "They dreaded him as an enemy, and they had done him too many wrongs to think that he could be their friend. Yet his conduct towards them from the first had been most friendly; and they repaid it with imprisonment, robbery, and death."
In 1541 conspirators assassinated Francisco Pizarro, the man "who had lorded it over the land with as absolute a sway as was possessed by its hereditary Incas." Pizarro's brother Gonzalo later seized supreme power in Peru by force of arms, and conducted himself like a maharajah. But King Charles V branded him a renegade, and dispatched Pedro de la Gasca to deal with him. Gonzalo was defeated and beheaded. Gasca's governorship brought a modicum of order to the colony and a more benevolent policy toward the Indians.
That is not to suggest that the Spanish monarchy under Charles V or Philip II was notable for benevolence toward any of his subjects. In the three volumes of Philip's history that Prescott completed, the large part consists of the king's prosecuting with extreme prejudice the venerable religious war against all heretics and infidels, especially those within his empire, including Spanish Lutherans, Dutch Calvinists, and of course the Moors. Philip was no heroic warrior; he dwelt mostly in his study. From there he ruled by terror, the most powerful king in Christendom, and faithful servant of the Inquisition.
Prescott's regard for strong rulers and daring soldiers; his taste for the romance of chivalry; his reverence for the Christian ideals of peace and brotherhood, however unattainable; his Yankee Unitarianism that bore a profound antipathy for many aspects of the Catholic faith; his responsiveness to the virtues of alien peoples, no matter how terrible their vices; his horror at the barbarism not only of obvious barbarians but also of nations that esteemed themselves to be highly civilized: this tumult in his mind and soul tugged him every which way. He took pains to understand every point of view; he bent as far as he could to accommodate all manner of human difference; and then exploded in rage at the cruelty and folly and inhumanity that lie in the muck at the bottom of every sentiment and belief that he had struggled to find something good about. Nothing human was alien to him; and then a great deal was.
In the Conquest of Peru, Prescott considers the difference between the Spanish conquest of Central and South America and the English settlement of North America:
What a contrast did these children of Southern Europe present to the Anglo-Saxon races who scattered themselves along the great northern division of the Western hemisphere! For the principle of action with these latter was not avarice, nor the most specious pretext of proselytism; but independence,—independence religious and political. To secure this, they were content to earn a bare subsistence by a life of frugality and toil. They asked nothing from the soil but the reasonable returns of their own labour. No golden visions threw a deceitful halo around their path and beckoned them onwards through seas of blood to the subversion of an unoffending dynasty. They were content with the slow but steady progress of their social polity.
And yet while Prescott was writing that tortured history, the United States was going to war with Mexico. In a letter on May 15, 1846, Prescott bitterly derided the Polk Administration's "schemes of indefinite appropriation," founded on "a happy confidence in our superiority over every and all the nations of Christendom combined together." "One would suppose that the millions of uncultivated acres inviting settlement and the hand of civilization that lie within our present limits might satisfy the most craving cupidity." The Northerner with his "sober business-like habits" knows when enough is enough. The frontiersman of the Far West, however, has never heard that word, and plunges headlong into "unparalleled folly." Prescott for his part finds refuge "in Peruvian hills, where the devildoms I read of—black enough—have at least no reference to ourselves."
Prescott was asked to write the history of our Mexican War. It would have been a spectacular hit. But he declined. He believed that he had already told that story, more than once, as it had unfolded in another time, and with another power. One cannot but suspect, however, that if W.H. Prescott were alive today he would consider Texans fortunate not to be living in Mexico.Dimmi cosa vedi per prima nell’immagine e scopri molto della tua personalità che, probabilmente, ancora non conosci.
11 illusioni ottiche per scoprire chi sei davvero e cosa nasconde la tua personalità. Di fronte alle immagini, l’unica cosa che devi fare è dire cosa vedi per prima nell’immagine. Fondamentale è dare la prima risposta intuitiva: non serve essere razionali e pensare prima di rispondere perchè in tal caso non scoprirai nulla di nuovo della tua personalità.
Il test di oggi è offerto dal canale You Tube “Il lato positivo”. Osservate attentamente tutte le 11 immagini presenti nel video che vedi in basso e dimmi cosa vedi per prima per capire un lato nascosto del tuo carattere che, forse, non conosci affatto.
Dimmi cosa vedi nelle immagini e scopri chi sei davvero
Sei pronto per scoprire qualcosa di te che ancora non conosci? Sei davvero sicuro di conoscere ogni piccola peculiarità della tua personalità? Pensi di mostrarti sempre per ciò che sei realmente quando ti rapporti agli altri o tendi a nasconderti per paura di soffrire mostrando troppo di te?
Per aiutarti a scoprire chi sei davvero arriva il test offerto dal canale You Tube “Il lato positivo” che ti aiuta davvero a scoprire un lato nascosto di te. Come sempre, questi tipi di test non hanno alcuna valenza scientifica e servono semplicemente per divertirsi e trascorrere del tempo con leggerezza.
Soluzione
Immagine n. 1: Se come prima cosa vedi una rana significa che sei una persona semplice. Se, invece, vedi un cavallo significa che sei una persona premurosa.
Immagine n. 2: se vedi tre grandi orsi grigi, hai un modo analitico di pensare. Se vedi delle montagne sei una persona intuitiva.
Immagine n. 3: se vedi degli scoiattoli seduti sul ramo di un albero, sei una persona che viene colpito principalmente dalla prima impressione. Se vedi una faccia, vuol dire che hai un’ottima capacità d’osservazione.
Immagine n. 4: se vedi un uomo con in mano un binocolo sei una persona che preferisce concentrarsi sul quadro generale. Se vedi una macchina, significa che sei una persona che bada molto ai dettagli.
Immagine n. 5: se vedi come prima cosa una coppia, significa che hai una parte molto romantica nella tua personalità. Se, invece, vedi un albero, significa che a volte senti l’esigenza di trascorrere del tempo solo con te stesso.
Immagine n. 6: se vedi il volto di una giovane donna, sei una persona consapevole di tutto ciò che vive. Se vedi dei fiori, sei una persona che ama in modo particolare la natura.
Immagine n. 7: se vedi un topo sei una persona ottimista. Se, invece, un gatto, sei una persona realista.
Immagine n. 8: se vedi una donna che guarda fuori dalla finestra, sei una persona che tende a trascurare i pericoli. Se vedi teschio sei una persona realista.
Immagine n. 9: se vedi una persona che suona il sax, sei una persona analitica. Se la prima cosa che hanno notato i tuoi occhi è il volto di una donna, sei una persona emotiva.
Immagine n. 10: se vedi uno scoiattolo, significa che sei una persona razionale. Se vedi un’anatra, significa che, in te, dominano soprattutto i sentimenti.
Immagine n. 11: se vedi una foca significa che sei una persona sorprendente. Se, invece, vedi un asino sei una persona molto intuitiva.净水器是当前很多家庭都会用到的一个电器，主要用来解决自来水中杂质过多的问题。那么净水器设备到底该怎么检验呢？
(1)卫生安全性查验,又称浸泡实验.把清水器用自来水冲刷半小时,倒干,用纯水洗净,参加纯水,密闭浸泡24小时,检测浸泡水水质,和参加的纯水水质比较,某些项目(有害杂质)的增加量(溶出物)不得超支;
(2)卫生功能性查验,又称功能实验(含加标实验).把清水器接上自来水,按说明书规则的流量运转,直至说明书规则的额定总清水量完毕.①在运转的初始和结尾,检测清水器出水水质;②在运转的初始、1/4处、1/2处、3/4处、结尾,共五段,进行加标实验,即用人工制造的加标水作为清水器进水,检测清水器进、出水水质,查核它对特定物质的去除才能(去除率).例如:有活性炭的清水器需要进行有机物加标,查核它对水中蒸发酚类、化学耗氧量、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳的去除率;超滤清水器要进行浑浊度和总大肠菌群加标,查核它对浑浊度和总大肠菌群的去除率There are a number of art galleries in Bogotá… and most of them are free. This particular gallery is one of the ones owned by the Banco de la República (Bank of the Republic); part of their mission is to protect Colombia’s national treasures and keep them out of harm’s way. Under their sphere of protection are artefacts found in the Museo de Oro, paintings and sculptures found in the Museo Botero, and the collections found in the Museo de Arte.
I wrote about Botero in a different post… and the pre-Colombian art found at the Museo de Oro… and mentioned Gregorio Vasquez in two other posts. Outside of these well known Colombian artists, there are others who had influence over the realm of art, sculpting, and mixed media in the country. Here are some of the Colombian Painters you’ll find in the gallery (minus Botero and Vasquez); all come roughly from the same era of art (between the 40s and 60s) and certainly would have known each other:
Enrique Grau (1920-2004)
Grau is most famous for his figurative paintings of Amerindian and Afro Colombians. But some of my personal favourites include the more traditional Colombian style of painting that he did in the 60s, which depict Colombians in Tim Burton-esque dimensions and black and white striped clothing.
Marco Ospina (1912-1983)
There was a phase in the sixties and seventies in Colombia, when landscape paintings took on erotic and violent connotations… and where painters linked the suffering of nature to the suffering of the human body. Through this link, landscape painters were able to create a metaphor which they used to denounce those responsible for the violence between Liberals and Conservatives with no real repercussions. Works by Ospina during this time are a great example of this.
Francisco Antonio Cano Cardona (1865-1935)
Cano’s work comes from the Republican Period of Colombian art (before everyone else linked here) and as is typical for this period, Cano painted a lot of religious painting and oil portraits. As a student, he studied under Claude Monet in France. As a teacher he served as a mentor for many Colombian painters.
Carlos Correa (1912-1985)
From an early age Carlos Correa showed diversity in skills and started out originally as a singer… then as a photographer before entering the world of painting. He was an active socialist and created a lot of controversy with his work. Two of his paintings Anunciación and Carnaval (above) stirred up a lot of controversy in Colombia but also won a number of awards globally.
Eladio Vélez (1897-1967)
Sketcher, sculptor, cartoonist, and painter, Vélez’s work illustrates the everyday life of people in Itagüí where he lived. His preferred subjects to paint include portraits of personalities, family members, city and countryside, and self portraits. Above is one of his daily life paintings titled Marina.
Rufino Tamayo (1899-1991)
Technically, Tamayo is not Colombian but rather a surrealist Mexican painter whose work appears all over Colombia. I’m showing it here because I really like the colours. Also, it’s likely that Tamayo knew and was friends with the Colombian painters listed above.Hastanedeki anneleri unutmadılar
Petrotim İletişim ve Mühendislik çalışanları, Anneler Günü’nü hastanede geçiren anneleri unutmadı.
14 Mayıs Anneler Günü çeşitli etkinliklerle kutlandı. Çocuklar annelerini mutlu etmek için onlara hediyeler sunarken; Petrotim İletişim ve Mühendislik çalışanları ise, Anneler Günü’nü hastanede geçirmek zorunda kalan anneleri unutmadı.
Petrotim çalışanları, onkoloji bölümünde tedavi gören ve çalışan anneleri bu özel günde yalnız bırakmadı.Presentation on theme: "Components of an Information System By Ciaran Gallagher Covered in this presentation: Input, Processing, Output, Storage and Feedback… Covered in this."— Presentation transcript:
Components of an Information System By Ciaran Gallagher Covered in this presentation: Input, Processing, Output, Storage and Feedback… Covered in this presentation: Input, Processing, Output, Storage and Feedback…
Introduction An information system is a set of things working together, to process and derive information. For example, a car can be classed as a system because it consists of many component part working together. A school could also be classed as a system since it consists of many component parts such as teachers, students, caretakers and equipment all working together.
The function of an information system Feedback InputProcessing Storage Output
Explanation of Diagram All information systems receive data. This is input. Then, some operation is performed using this data. This is processing. Some consequence results from this processing. This is output In some systems, the output can be re-used as input, a process known as feedback. Computer systems may also require storage to store data temporarily for processing and to preserve data permanently for future use. (eg. hard-disk)
…More about Feedback Feedback is the use of a systems output as a further input. (It is re-used) This is a common feature of a control system. Example: Cruise Control in a car Systems that regulate the temperature in a car
Closed-Loop Feedback Used in systems that require no user intervention once the system is operative. That is, once it is installed the system will look after itself until it is de-activatedExample: A greenhouse that maintains temperature and humidity levels without intervention.
Open-loop feedback Used in systems that do require human intervention after the output has been generated. Example: The system will take no further action until intervention is received. Example: A fire alarm is set off. It keeps sounding until it is reset. A game of chess on a computer. When playing against the computer, when it is the users turn, the computer will take no action until it receives the users intervention.
Open-loop
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Louis Pasteur establish the germ theory of disease
- 1879 First vaccine developed for cholera
- 1899 Felix Hoffman develops aspirin
- 1922 Insulin first used to treat diabetes
- 1928 Sir Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
- 1950 John Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker
- 1955 Jonas Salk develops the first polio vaccine
- 1978 First test-tube baby is born
Unfortunately, timelines of discoveries don’t account for the most important changes in medicine. No notice is taken of changes in the roles of patients, manufacturers, doctors, promoters, researchers, or of changes in what counts as medical knowledge. These changes can only be understood by examining the media through which medical knowledge and relationships have been organized and communicated.
Though few people actually read his idea-glutted books, most college students know how to invoke Marshall McLuhan’ aphorism “the medium is the message” when they’re running out of things to scribble in an essay. The most common interpretation of McLuhan: the tools we communicate with dictate the shape of the content conveyed. Amphitheaters create comedies and tragedies; books enforce specialized linear narratives; TV portrays universalist visual poetry. (Tech observer Clive Thompson concisely summarizes this view.)
McLuhan’s aphorism stretches further, though.
First, for McLuhan, a medium wasn’t just a tool for mass communication like newspapers, TV, movies, books, and radio. (Though pundits, journalists and academics flatter themselves that McLuhan was thinking only about their careers.) In the first paragraph of his epoch-making Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, published in 1964, McLuhan defines media as “any extension of ourselves.” And his discussion of media in ensuing chapters includes telephones, rifles, sports, cities, comics, theater, clocks, roads, cars, airplanes, and money. Really, for McLuhan, any human construct that plays a role in how people relate to knowledge, the world, or (most importantly) each other, is a medium.
Second, for McLuhan, a medium doesn’t only shape its own contents or immediate environment. Its effects are pervasive, seeping out to influence how we generally live and work. “The medium… shapes and controls the scale and form of human association and action.” We make the tool, then the tool remakes us. When the medium is an ocean, we grow gills and swim; when it’s a sky, we sprout wings and fly. In McLuhan’s metaphorical gender-fender-bender, “man becomes the sex organs of the machine world.”
According to McLuhan, “the effects of technology do not occur at the level of opinions or concepts, but alter sense ratios or patterns of perception steadily and without any resistance.” What counts as reality varies, depending on what we’re counting with.
To liberate “medium” from its common definition as press/entertainment, it helps to invoke the word’s meaning in a biology lab: “a substance, such as agar, in which bacteria or other microorganisms are grown for scientific purposes.” In this sense, we’re bacteria floating in a petri dish, barely able to distinguish ourselves from the medium that supports and nourishes us. Close and ubiquitous, the medium is invisible; its properties become ours.
Considered in terms of periods of ascendent media, the history of US medicine breaks into at least five often fuzzy and sometimes overlapping eras.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Americans frequented medicine shows for both amusement and health remedies. The horse-drawn entertainers travelled muddy paths between homesteads and villages to sell each proprietor’s own hand-mixed nostrums. (Before launching his eponymous circus, PT Barnum floundered for a few years as a medicine pitchman. He traversed New England peddling Proler’s Bear Grease — guaranteed to grow hair! — from a gaudy wagon.)
Most people relied on home remedies — concoctions literally made and consumed in the home. According to Paul Starr’s history of American medicine, Scotsman William Buchan’s book Domestic Medicine was a favorite resource, going through at least 30 editions. Buchan’s book emphasized diet and simple preventative measures—exercise, fresh air, cleanliness. Buchan was avowedly populist. In his discussion of smallpox vaccination, Buchan argued that doctors often retarded medical progress. In his words, “the fears, the jealousies, the prejudices, and the opposite interests of the faculty [elite physicians] are, and ever will be, the most effectual obstacles to the progress of any salutary discovery.” Doctors should be consulted only in extremis, argued Buchan.
Doctors came in many stripes, as Starr documents. After early attempts, state by state, to institute medical licensure at the beginning of the 19th century, a wave of Jacksonian populism wiped away formal accreditation in most states. Anyone could practice medicine. For aspiring doctors, both medical societies and medical schools offered means of establishing credibility with patients. Competing with each other for fees, the two institutions lowered standards and boosted the supply of doctors. Many doctors had second careers. Farming was a popular second job; one doctor moonlighted robbing stagecoaches.
During the Civil War, the adoption in publishing of cheap wood pulp triggered a newspaper boom largely funded by ads for “patent medicines.” Patent medicines accounted for one third to one half of all ads in US newspapers in the nineteenth century. As one chronicle of the era puts it, “Newspapers made the patent medicine business, which in turn supported the newspapers.” Patent medicines were often national brands, mass produced elsewhere in the country and transported by rail. (Later, many of these brands shed their medicinal claims and, with commercial foundations deeply planted, remain familiar today, most notably Coca Cola, which was originally peddled as an intelligence booster.)
Doctoring was still hit or miss. Though microbes were identified as a source of in disease illness in 1870, most infections remained untreatable until the advent of antibiotics in the 1940s. New instruments like the stethoscope, ophthalmoscope, spirometer, electrocardiogram and laryngoscope added “added a highly persuasive rhetoric to the authority of medicine,” but did little to prolong life. Most health gains in the period resulted from advances in public health—plumbing, sewers, nutrition, rising incomes, water purification—rather than interventions by individual doctors.
Before 1900, “many people thought of medicine as an inferior profession, or at least a career with inferior prospects,” according to Starr. The average American doctor earned less than “an ordinary mechanic,” riding miles each day on horseback to see just a handful of patients.
The status of doctors changed dramatically in the first decade of the 20th century, when cars, telephones and urbanization made the practice of medicine more efficient and, therefore, more lucrative.
Some nuggets that help make these changes more tangible:
- Starr reports that “the first rudimentary telephone exchange on record, built in 1877, connected the Capital Avenu Drugstore in Hartford Ct, with twenty one local doctors.” Drugstores had long functioned as message boards for physicians, and many patients, still phoneless, visited a drugstore to connect with a doctor.
- Doctors were early adopters of automobiles, writes Starr. The Journal of the American Medical Association published several auto supplements between 1906 and 1912. Doctors reported that, compared with a horse, house calls using a car took half as much time and were 60% cheaper. (In Arrowsmith, Sinclair Lewis’ satire of medicine, the eponymous protagonist’s best friend leaves med school in 1908 to sell cars, and a med school professor advises students that patients’ tonsils are essentially a currency for acquiring an automobile.)
- Population living in a settlements of more than 2500 rose from less than 30% in 1880 to 45% in 1910, notes Starr. In the northeast, population density in settlements soared from 200 people per square mile in 1890 to 450 in 1910. In addition to density, cities brought single people lacking family support; together these factors spawned hospitals, argues Starr. In turn hospitals facilitated specialization, capital investment and knowledge sharing. Hospitals also bolstered the authority of local medical associations, since these groups often dictated which doctors could admit patients.
At the turn of the century, many doctors’ incomes doubled, and their social status and political clout climbed accordingly. In step with unionization in other trades, doctors reorganized and strengthened the American Medical Association; its membership rose from 8,000 in 1900 to 70,000 in 1910, writes Starr. Doctors used their new clout to limit competition — halving the number of medical schools, marginalizing non-accredited healers, and lobbying to end direct-to-consumer advertising by patent medicine makers.
Doctors were frequently quoted in Samuel Adam’s famous 1905-1906 series about patent medicines, The Great American Fraud, in Colliers Weekly. The opening paragraph marked the beginning of the end of patent medicines:
Gullible America will spend this year some seventy-five millions of dollars in the purchase of patent medicines. In consideration of this sum it will swallow huge quantities of alcohol, an appalling amount of opiates and narcotics, a wide assortment of varied drugs ranging from powerful and dangerous heart depressants to insidious liver stimulants; and, far in excess of all other ingredients, undiluted fraud. For fraud, exploited by the skillfulest of advertising bunco men, is the basis of the trade. Should the newspapers, the magazines and the medical journals refuse their pages to this class of advertisements, the patent-medicine business in five years would be as scandalously historic as the South Sea Bubble, and the nation would be the richer not only in lives and money, but in drunkards and drug-fiends saved.Samuel Hopkins Adams, Collier Weekly, October 5, 1905
The AMA, in turn, converted the series into a pamphlet, printing and distributing 500,000 copies. (Some newspapers, dependent on patent medicine ads, later refused to run ads for books by Adams.) Public outcry and AMA lobbying led to passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, which strengthened the role of the Bureau of Chemistry, precursor of the FDA, in policing claims by drug makers.
Drug makers’ access to consumers through ads was increasingly restricted as the 20th century progressed. In response, manufacturers focused (and continue to focus) on cultivating doctors as lucrative allies in flogging drugs. Over the last 100 years, drug makers have perfected a number of methods.
At the simplest level, drug companies promote their wares to doctors by advertising in medical journals.
They also, today, pay an army of an estimated 100,000 salespeople to talk with doctors. Drug companies track doctors’ prescription habits using a databased licensed, in part, from the AMA. Using extensive notes and “finely titrated doses of friendship,” the salesforce targets physicians with meals, flattery, honoraria, free samples, sports tickets, drinks, business consulting, support for favorite little league teams, and sundry other gifts. Physicians are susceptible to influence, says one former sales rep, “because they are overworked, overwhelmed with information and paperwork, and feel under appreciated.” Conveniently for the drug companies, physicians believe themselves to be righteously impervious to influence, despite abundant evidence to the contrary. Perversely, one Canadian study found that “the more gifts a doctor takes, the more likely that doctor is to believe that the gifts have had no effect.”
Drug companies have also increasingly funded training for doctors.
Then there are the spokes-doctors (known as speakers) who are collectively paid billions each year, according to amazing data compiled by watchdog Propublica, to explain products to their credulous peers while being proctored by company sales reps. One doctor describes being called on the carpet after he deviated from the company-created Powerpoint deck. “The manager’s message couldn’t be clearer: I was being paid to enthusiastically endorse their drug. Once I stopped doing that, I was of little value to them, no matter how much ‘medical education’ I provided.”
Whether it’s relayed by salespeople or spokes-doctors, the ostensible content of drug marketing is published research. This too has been “doctored.” Over time, drug makers have become adept at funding or cherry picking results favorable to their products, publishing the same research in multiple guises (called salami slicing), even ghost writing articles; by century’s end, analysts concluded that, in the words of one former BMJ editor, “medical journals are an extension of the marketing arm of pharmaceutical companies.”
In 1983, the FDA shut down an ibuprofen ad directed at consumers — an antique featuring the company’s suit-clad British CEO and a chalkboard — that aired briefly on TV. Over time, though, court rulings made it clear that drug makers’ First Amendment rights would be upheld if they challenged the FDA.
So, when the FDA changed its rules to allow drug companies to promote products directly to consumers in TV ads without including a detailed list of side-effects, medicine jibed in a new direction again in 1997.
Critics say drug companies increasingly divert from finding new treatments for illnesses towards “disease mongering”— finding and promoting new disorders, preferably chronic, that can be treated with previously FDA-approved drugs. Expensive “me-too” drugs, patented for a trivial improvement but heavily marketed, also soak up company resources. Companies like IQVIA ($27 billion valuation) mine data seeking new market niches for existing drugs. Shyness gets rebranded as “social anxiety disorder,” treatable with Paxil, a $3 billion/year antidepressant. In progressive revisions of psychiatry’s handbook, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, committees of researchers, most of whom are funded by drug companies, both loosened treatment criteria and ramped the number of the psychiatric disorders from 106 in edition 1 in 1952 to 297 in edition 5. Almost all those disorders lack biomarkers or diagnostic verifiability.
Gradually, the white-coated doctors who traditionally served as drug company CEOs have departed, their places taken by businessmen in suits. Today, just three doctors remain among the CEOs of the world’s biggest 15 drug companies; the rest are former sales reps (3), lawyers (2), economists (2); the rest are scattered across marketing, biz dev, operations, investment banking, and consulting. (One is a woman, one is African American.)
Trying to put the genie back in the bottle, in 2015 the AMA called for a ban on direct to consumer advertising. No dice, Aladin.
Many health challenges have been overcome since 1900. Infant mortality is down 90% and maternal mortality is down 99%, according to the CDC. Vaccines have eliminated smallpox and polio, and slashed measles infections by 99.8%. Many cancers are now chronic conditions rather than death sentences. (Medical triumphs notwithstanding, public health advances get credit for 25 years of the 30 year lengthening in US life spans between 1900 and 2000.)
The challenges that remain are complex and, often, multivariate: Alzheimer’s, Parkinsons, arthritis, and psoriasis; conditions like Diabetes 2 and heart disease, whose etiology is sometimes behavioral; and orphan diseases, guerilla fighters holed up out of sight of medicine’s regular brigades and firepower.
Beyond the obscurity, intractability or complexity of each lingering disorder or illness, the infrastructure of medicine itself has erected barriers to innovating and solving patients’ problems.
Drug and device manufacturers focus on milking their past winners and funding potential blockbusters. The FDA’s rigorous clinical trial requirements make micro-experiments on treatments for orphan disorders risky and uneconomical. Doctors are overworked and demoralized, stretched by demanding corporate bosses and electronic record keeping.
The electronic medical record (EMR) software mandated in 2009 is, no surprise since you’re still reading this essay, reshaping care. Atul Gawande noted that “a system that promised to increase my mastery over my work has, instead, increased my work’s mastery over me.” More cynically, “EMRs no longer seem to even pretend to be about patient care,” writes Dr. Judy Stone. “The goal is to optimize billing through upcoding. You do that, in part, by ‘documenting’ more, through check boxes and screens that you can’t skip.”
Forged by medical school and residency and, often, relying on pharma reps for updates, the average doctor is 17 years behind current best practices. As our understanding of medical conditions becomes more complex, and as the medical organizations that address them also, in parallel, become more complex, affecting change becomes harder and harder. Read Elizabeth Rosenthal’s An American Sickness, and you’ll see that—as with software systems created by multiple authors for myriad users, and grown bloated over scores of years—entropy and inertia prevail. The problem is evergreen:
We are still far from understanding how healthcare practice can be improved rapidly, comprehensively, at large scale, and sustainably. In fact, this observation has been made several times in previous decades.Knowledge translation in health: how implementation science could contribute more
Now another era is dawning, that of patient generated medicine. Early in the 21st century, three media of unprecedented volume and reach are leading changes in medicine’s trajectory:
- Social media is empowering patients with niche medical conditions to network and pursue collective action; in parallel, powerful new targeted ad technology makes it possible for companies to target these patients’ needs. These communities range from disease-independent platforms like PatientsLikeMe to Facebook groups for people with migraines or psoriasis. Podcasts and communities run by Peter Attia and Rhonda Patrick are organizing new constituencies for longevity and athletic health. Millions of members of Strava, Peloton, Zwift and the Potterhead Run Club focus on community and healthy competition. Programmers share code on Github. Laypeople and pros trade insights at Twitter hashtags like #LCHF. (All this is apparently invisible to tech pundits like Kara Swisher, who recently summed up social media as “a chaos machine that ginned up a world of socially acceptable sadism.”)
- Thanks to biomonitors, many people now have up-to-the-minute access to giant volumes of their own health data, with details that are far more specific than those accessed by the average family practitioner. Moore’s law is making technology, both hardware and software, exponentially cheaper, smaller and/or more powerful. Affordable tools include real time glucometers, wifi-enabled oximeters, cloud-synched heart monitors (for data ranging from heart rate to EKG to heart rate variability), motion detectors, speech tracking tools… and many more. (ElektraLabs catalogs 600+ medical-grade connected biomonitors.) A full genome decoding, which cost $2.7 billion in 2003, was on sale (on Facebook, of course) for $189 on Black Friday 2019. Software (like ours!) uses n-of-1 protocols to power personal tests of drug efficacy, deconstructing drug makers
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vedere che abbiamo la macchina più veloce".
"La Ferrari non ha ancora mostrato cosa può fare realmente, ha avuto troppi contrattempi. Siamo convinti che in realtà siano molto vicini a noi. Quindi abbiamo bisogno di rimanere concentrati e di continuare a spingere. Anche nelle qualifiche Kimi ha avuto delle difficoltà, altrimenti sarebbe stato più vicino".
Inoltre il leader iridato vede una potenziale minaccia anche nella Red Bull: "E' stata una grossa sorpresa in questo fine settimana, sono stati vicini sia in qualifica che in gara. Anche se rimane più vicina la Ferrari, con la Red Bull mezzo secondo più indietro. Ma hanno fatto un grande passo avanti, soprattutto se si pensa che non hanno un motore potente come il nostro. Sono una forza da non sottovalutare".
Nelle nove occasioni precedenti in cui un pilota ha vinto le prime tre gare della stagione, ha sempre finito per essere campione del mondo a fine anno. Questa statistica però non sembra impressionare particolarmente Rosberg.
"Quelli che c'erano riusciti non avevano Lewis Hamilton come compagno di squadra. E' passata solo una manciata di gare ed è andata davvero bene. Questa è la stagione più lunga nella storia della Formula 1 e Lewis è il mio compagno di squadra: è stato due volte campione del mondo negli ultimi due anni, quindi è difficile da battere".
"Quindi sarà una grande battaglia, quindi devo guardare avanti. Naturalmente ho un buon vantaggio in questo momento, ma il mio obiettivo è di ragionare di gara in gara, anche perché Sochi arriverà molto presto".
Per quanto riguarda le recenti difficoltà di Lewis Hamilton, ha aggiunto: "Sono convinto che sarà una grande battaglia come sempre con lui. Lo vedo molto concentrato e motivato, ma io devo rimandere concentrato sul mio lavoro e cercare di esprimere al massimo il mio potenziale".
Nico, infine, si è detto che la precedente esperienze a lottare per il titolo negli ultimi due anni gli saranno utili.
"Cerco di fare progressi, naturalmente, ma è difficile dire ora se sto guidando meglio. Ovviamente l'esperienza aiuterà un po', perché è il terzo anno che mi trovo in questa situazione, quindi è probabile che mi dia un po' d'aiuto".
Su questo articolo
|Serie||Formula 1|
|Evento||GP della Cina|
|Sotto-evento||Domenica, gara|
|Location||Shanghai International Circuit|
|Piloti||Nico Rosberg|
|Team||Mercedes|
|Autore||Adam Cooper|
|Tipo di articolo||Intervista|Our treatment programs aim to help you understand why you feel the way you do, how you can better manage your moods and how this can help you lead an active, healthy and rewarding life.
The two main types of mood disorders are:
- depressive disorders – symptoms include persistent and severe feelings of sadness, accompanied by lack of motivation, inability to experience joy as well as feelings of worthlessness
- bipolar disorder – extreme fluctuations in mood ranging from euphoric highs and/or elevated irritability, referred to as mania or hypomania and extreme lows referred to as depression. Both lead to a marked change in behaviour that is unusual for the person experiencing it.
Our programs for mood disorders
Our programs are based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), which has been shown to be a highly effective treatment for mood disorders. The principle behind this evidence-based approach is that how we think affects the way we react emotionally and behaviourally.
Topics you may cover as part of the program include:
- understanding the nature and causes of depression and bipolar disorder
- making behavioural changes and focusing on a balanced lifestyle to regulate mood
- an introduction to mindfulness
- how to recognise patterns of thinking and challenging negative thinking
- developing emotion regulation skills
- relapse prevention.
We treat major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders as inpatients (people who are admitted to hospital) or outpatients (people not admitted to hospital – normally day programs or group programs). Your referring doctor will refer you to the program that best suits your needs.
Benefits of treatment for mood disorders
- Developing an understanding of how to effectively regulate your emotions
- Developing awareness of negative thinking patterns and the effect on behaviour
- Using mindfulness to help develop awareness into intrusive thoughts
These benefits depend on your particular circumstances and require your full participation. You should consult a specialist in this area before deciding whether treatment is suitable for you.
You may be interested inImpact of technology in today’s life is clearly visible in various fields, including the area of land survey. In fact, land surveying can offer you the best example on how technology has aggravated the efficiency and perfection in the last few decades. Development of tools, like laser scanners, 3D scanners, mobile mapping, GPS mapping, imaging, software, etc., have changed the outlook and made it possible to create the best land surveying analysis in very less time.
By hiring superior surveying services, you can be guaranteed to get top-notch technical support in your projects. The latest surveying gadgets/ tools are highly required in completing the surveying tasks in a safe and accurate manner. Let’s find out how technologies are impacting on the quality of surveying work:
Quick land surveying
Nowadays, time is a great factor that determines the efficacy of the business. The businesses are given more preferences if they are able to wrap up the work within said timeframe. However, for this, the construction or mining businesses require efficient workforce, modish technology and quick response from vendors. The technology in land surveying has reduced the response timing and ensures quick completion of the development projects. Gathering database with the help of advanced technologies like 3D scanning, mobile mapping, drone surveys Australia, etc., is more reliable and faster.
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For more accuracy engineers, surveyors, architects, etc., are bound to rely on advanced technologies. In the land surveying projects such technologies help in accumulation of accurate reports and can prevent from unwanted designing errors. The land surveying companies are hugely dependent on 3D laser scanning technology, which actually helps in gathering and putting all the data together during the model design preparation. Interesting, the advanced technology has made it possible to establish models with high accuracy.
Safe and simple land surveying
If you leap back a few decades, you will find that surveyors and other employees were forced to work under risky situations. Land surveying in hill tops or rugged terrains were not safe at all and accidents used to take place quite often. However, with the invention of top-notch technologies, the task has become safe and easy. Now, the surveying work for construction works are wrapped up without any accidents or mishaps. Surveyors are now not required to map the land physically, drones, GPS or mobile mapping technology have replaced the conventional modes.
Cost-effective survey assistance
Previously, it was a costly as well as time consuming process, but with the adoption of technology it has become less expensive as well as efficient too. The cost of land surveying can be trimmed down significantly with the help of 3D modeling scanners or cameras.به گزارش گیلان شهر غلامعلی جعفرزاده ایمن آبادی عضو کمیسیون برنامه، بودجه و محاسبات مجلس، در گفتوگو با خبرنگار خبرگزاری خانه ملت، با اشاره به گزارش مرکز پژوهش های مجلس مبنی بر اینکه با ادامه سیاست ارزی ۴ هزار و ۲۰۰ تومان منابع ارزی کشور به اتمام می رسد، گفت: احتمالی بدهیم تنش ما با آمریکا کمی طولانی تر از یکسال شود، این احتمال صفر نیست، شاید این تنش ۲ تا ۳ سال طول بکشد، این سوال پیش می آید برای ذخایر ارزی چه فکری کرده ایم.عضو کمیسیون برنامه، بودجه و محاسبات مجلس، با انتقاد از عملکرد ارزی دولت در یکسال گذشته، اظهار داشت: در طول سال گذشته دست درازی های زیادی به منابع صندوق توسعه ملی شد و ارز را با ارزش ۴ هزار و ۲۰۰ تومانی حراج کردند، با این شرایط چه آینده ای برای کشور متصور می شوند؟ آیا نباید کمی دور نگر باشیم؟نماینده مردم رشت در مجلس دهم شورای اسلامی با بیان اینکه نظر مرکز پژوهش ها دلسوزانه و عاقبت اندیشی است، تاکید کرد: باید کمی دورتر را ببینیم، تصور دشمن این است که با جنگ اقتصادی ۳ ماهه، ۶ ماهه یا ۹ ماهه می تواند، ایران را مغلوب کند، درست است که ترامپ کم حوصله است اما مشاوران او پر حوصله هستند.
وی بیان داشت: صدام ادعا می کرد ۳ روزه به تهران می آید اما جنگ ۸ سال طول کشید، به مرور زمان آنها به این نتیجه می رسند در جنگ اقتصادی زمان هایی که تعیین کرده اند برآورد درستی نبود و زمان را طولانی تر می کنند.جعفرزاده ایمن آبادی در ادامه گفتوگو با خبرگزاری خانه ملت، تاکید کرد: عاقلانه است که احتمال بدهیم جنک اقتصادی آمریکا با ایران طولانی تر می شود بنابراین باید برای منابع ارزی کشور برنامه ریزی داشت و شرایط را مدیریت کرد.این نماینده مجلس در پاسخ به این سوال که بخشی از ارز دولتی برای تامین کالاهای اساسی هزینه شد، آیا این سیاست درست بوده؟ اظهار داشت: ما ازاول موافق نبودیم هر چند که مصوبه مجلس است، اصرار و درخواست دولت این بود تا ۱۴ میلیارد دلار از منابع نفتی برای تهیه کالاهای اساسی هزینه شود.عضو کمیسیون برنامه، بودجه و محاسبات مجلس عنوان کرد: با وجود اینکه چنین موضوعی درخواست دولتی ها بوده اما همچنان از عهده تامین کالاهای اساسی با ارز دولتی بر نیامنده اند، در نشست غیر علنی مجلس، رئیس مجلس تذکرات خوبی به وزارت صنایع و معادن داد تا دولت در زمینه تامین کالاهای اساسی تدبیر کند./پایان پیامAl termine dell'episodio della serie Il trono di spade intitolato Forte orientale, Jon Snow è stato mostrato alla guida di un gruppo - che comprende anche Jorah, Gendry, Tormund e il Mastino - pronto a entrare in missione a nord della Barriera.
Un divertente filmato condiviso dalla pagina Facebook Junkee ha ora ironizzato sulla situazione, trasformando i personaggi nell'iconico A-Team, protagonista sul piccolo schermo negli anni '80, e utilizzando il tema musicale per creare dei titoli davvero originali ed esilaranti!
Ecco il video:大學生研經宣教會University Bible Fellowship
聆聽/下載 信息錄音 (mp3 格式)
2019年 創世記 第14課 9月8日 鄧希恆牧者
經文 / 創世記 20:1-21:34
金句 / 創世記 21:1,2
「耶和華按著先前的話眷顧撒拉，便照祂所說的給撒拉成就。當亞伯拉罕年老的時候，撒拉懷了孕，到 神所說的日期，就給亞伯拉罕生了一個兒子。」
我們的信心，紮根在信實的 神和祂的應許上面。整部聖經約有三萬節，平均每五節經文便有一個 神的應許。今日的經文裏記述 神將應許的說話賜給亞伯拉罕25年之後，信實地成就祂的應許，賜下應許之子以撒。祈求主幫助我們通過今日的經文，使我們遇見那位賜下應許、也必定成就應許的信實的 神。
在18章中， 神被亞伯拉罕豐盛地款待了，然後將最好的消息告訴亞伯拉罕: 時候到了，明年撒拉必然生一個兒子。多等一年，一直懇切盼望的應許，就必然成就了。或許撒拉已經懷孕，胎兒一天一天的大起來。但是，在重要的時候，有令人失望的事情發生。
請看第20章1節。亞伯拉罕從希伯崙幔利的橡樹往南遷移，寄居在非利士人的地方基拉耳，那裏靠近埃及。很可能亞伯拉罕為了尋找牧養羊群的草原而遷到那裏。那時亞伯拉罕做甚麼呢？請看第2節：「亞伯拉罕稱他的妻撒拉為妹子，基拉耳王亞比米勒差人把撒拉取了去。」亞伯拉罕竟然重覆他過往南下埃及時的過犯。與在12章出現的情節一模一樣，亞伯拉罕再次說謊，稱妻子撒拉為妹妹。當亞伯拉罕漸漸遷到非利士人之地的時候，對地上有權柄之人的懼怕又再從心裏生出來。他忘記了自己是 神的僕人，並沒有看自己為 神的同工和朋友。
年近九十歲的撒拉依然健康美麗，魅力不減，基拉耳王亞比米勒將她取去，準備成親。同工撒拉不在身邊，亞伯拉罕每天生活的煮飯、洗碗、清潔、洗衫和收衫唯有自己一個承擔，或許亞伯拉罕心裏沒有埋怨，因為這個情景他已經預料了。不久之前，亞伯拉罕以多國之父的內心服侍客旅，又為所多瑪和蛾摩拉作中保禱告，拯救了羅得；那時亞伯拉罕的形象看來十分成熟。現在是就是生以撒的前一年，快將得著 神的祝福的時候，亞伯拉罕為何在這個關鍵時刻，竟然再次犯同樣的罪，就如24年前信心幼嫩時一樣呢？
在這裏，我們學習到每個人都有著不容易克服的老毛病，即使過信心生活多年，也會有在同樣的罪的問題面前軟弱的時候：有時候被情慾打敗，又或者被血氣捆綁，有時候陷入安逸。對亞伯拉罕來說，他仍未解決的老毛病是恐懼。他知道非利士人以他們的殘暴見稱，心中沒有 神，所以恐懼進入亞伯拉罕的內心。第11至13節說，亞伯拉罕因為害怕不懼怕 神的外邦人，會為了奪走撒拉而殺害自己，就一早與撒拉協議，要向人說亞伯拉罕是她的哥哥。他看亞比米勒為操控百姓生死大權的君王，是個埋沒良心、不信 神的人。亞伯拉罕並沒有為到持守 神的應許和保護妻子而與恐懼爭戰，反而藉著隱瞞自己的身份來保護自己。結果，因亞伯拉罕重覆的過犯，撒拉再次被人奪走， 神的救贖工作陷入斷絕的危機。亞伯拉罕的內心會何等絕望的呢！面對世上的王，亞伯拉罕甚麼都做不到，他在無力當中，連禱告的力量也失去。他已經失去為時代禱告的方向，每天一起床，生活不同的瑣碎事接踵而來，處理完了已經十分疲倦，是時候睡覺，準備下一天的生活。
但 神怎樣幫助這樣的亞伯拉罕呢？請看第3節：那一晚， 神在夢中向亞比米勒顯現，向他說：「你是個死人哪！因為你取了那女人來，她原是別人的妻子。」第7節又說：「現在你把這人的妻子歸還他，因為他是先知，他要為你禱告，使你存活。你若不歸還他，你當知道，你和你所有的人都必要死。」在這裏，我們看見亞比米勒不是亞伯拉罕所想像那般的無 神論者，他和他的國都敬畏 神 (3,4,6) 。
請看第8-16節：亞比米勒大為慌張，一早起身，急忙召亞伯拉罕來，問他說謊的原由，之後不但將撒拉歸還他，也將牛羊和僕婢賜給他，甚至將在基拉耳的居留權賜給他。雖然亞伯拉罕的過犯叫 神的榮耀受虧損；但在第7節裏， 神卻向亞比米勒介紹亞伯拉罕為先知，並且亞伯拉罕為會他禱告，使亞比米勒的過犯得赦免。 神並沒有責備重覆軟弱的亞伯拉罕，取消曾賜給他的應許；相反， 神在不信的外邦人面前高舉他，承認他為先知和禱告的僕人，不變地使用他。
請看第17-18節：「亞伯拉罕禱告 神， 神就醫好了亞比米勒和他的妻子，並他的眾女僕，他們便能生育。因耶和華為亞伯拉罕的妻子撒拉的緣故，已經使亞比米勒家中的婦人，不能生育。」之前因耶和華為亞伯拉罕的妻子撒拉的緣故，使亞比米勒家中的婦人不能生育。現在亞伯拉罕禱告 神， 神就醫好了亞比米勒和他的妻子，並他的眾女僕，他們便能生育。
在這裏，讓我們思想那位在軟弱中幫助亞伯拉罕的 神。通過基拉耳發生的問題， 神照起初呼召亞伯拉罕的應許，更加興起了亞伯拉罕。 神並非不能體恤亞伯拉罕的軟弱（來4:15）， 神在基拉耳保護和復興了亞伯拉罕，祝福他的中保禱告，要他成為萬國祝福的源頭，為時代的問題中保禱告的多國的父。其實，亞伯拉罕遇見世界的問題就退縮和恐懼，靠自己聰明來預計可能會發生的問題，嘗試用自己的方法去籌算和準備，完全不理會 神的應許會怎樣成就。他失去了妻子撒拉，也失去了快要出世的以撒BB， 神對時代的救恩的全盤計劃就會因此觸礁，亞伯拉罕不負責任的做法簡直是「攬炒」。他為保自己的性命而不顧妻子撒拉的安危，他在不信中已不知 神的異象會怎樣成就，望見自己這樣子，也會論斷自己已經不配作 神的僕人。 神是怎樣復興這亞伯拉罕呢？亞伯拉罕又是怎樣再次起來呢？就是當他起來承擔為別人禱告的職份時。 神一直沒有與亞伯拉罕直接對話，只是通過亞比米勒，不變地承認亞伯拉罕為先知，將為別人禱告的聖潔重大的職份賜給他。
請看第17節：「亞伯拉罕禱告 神， 神就醫好了亞比米勒和他的妻子，並他的眾女僕，他們便能生育。」亞伯拉罕深深感謝 神，藉着使命拯救了，復興了他，他以信心迎接 神的恩典，他便重新走在信心的正路上，使 神信實的工作能以延續下去。
請一起
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areas in the future. It can give the city planners a clear idea of how they can invest in such areas to get the maximum value for money.City Planning
Smart city solutions can easily provide infrastructure requirements and necessary measures when accurate data is available. Big data can highlight developing and developed areas with ease and contribute to city planning. A robust data strategy holds a key to a smart city. Rich data collected from the cities that are on the way to become smart cities can be used to streamline the operations and simplify the complexities.Growth and Development
Big data solutions aim at providing continuous updates about the necessary change. In a way, these solutions ascertain the growth of a smart city. It is necessary for the smart city to implement desired features and infrastructure-based facilities to attract and retain more people. In other words, sustainability can be achieved by proper monitoring and control over the city’s infrastructure. Big data analytics can play a big role in achieving this objective by collecting real-time information.Concluding Lines
It is fair to mention that big data analytics solutions enable the authorities to take concrete steps toward making the city smarter and well connected. Data collected from various sources can help the administration recognize the pattern and needs of a smart city. With this, reputed IT solutions providers can play a significant role in implementing the concept of a smart city with the help of futuristic technologies.
Do you want to harness big data benefits and make informed decisions? At Silver Touch, we combine domain expertise, user experience, and digitization capability to transform your business operations. Send us an email at [email protected] and our expert consultants will help you understand the potential of Big Data. Let’s optimize your business operations to improve customer services using big data analytics solutions.Sei mesi di reclusione è la condanna che il tribunale a Torino ha inflitto a un 26enne per un episodio avvenuto l'11 dicembre scorso durante una delle manifestazioni dei Forconi in città. Il giovane, guardia giurata in cassa integrazione, al passaggio di un corteo impedì a un tassista di passare dicendogli "se non mangio io non mangi neanche tu". L'imputato, Yuri D'A., rispondeva di violenza privata e turbativa di pubblico servizio e la pubblica accusa aveva chiesto un anno e nove mesi. L'imputato era difeso dall'avvocato Aldo Mirate.LOS ANGELES —
Bazı uzmanlar Asya kökenli Amerikalılar’ı Amerikan politikasının “Yeni Uyuyan Devi” olarak nitelendiriyor. Asyalı nüfusun önümüzdeki 25 yıl içinde ikiye kat artması bekleniyor. California, ülkedeki toplam Asyalı nüfusunun 3’te 1’ine ev sahipliği yapıyor. Amerikan vatandaşlığına geçen bazı Asya kökenliler siyasete atılıyor. Ancak bu adaylar, seçime girmenin hiç de kolay olmadığını kısa sürede anlıyor.
Çin asıllı bir aday olan Ling Ling Chang, “Bir kere bir kapıyı çaldım, karşıma çıkan kadın ‘Asla bir Asyalı’ya oy vermem’ dedi” diyerek karşılaştığı zorluklardan bir örnek veriyor.
Buna rağmen, Asya kökenli Amerikalı adaylar özellikle de California’da başarılı oluyor.
Sukhee Kang, Koreli bir göçmen ve Demokrat Parti üyesi. 23 yaşında Amerika’ya gelen Sukhee, California’da eyalet senatörlüğüne aday.
Rakibi Cumhuriyetçi Ling Ling Chang da göçmen. Eyalet meclisinde görevini sürdüren Chang de 3 yaşındayken Tayvan’dan Amerika’ya gelmiş.
Chang, kararlılık ve seçmenlerle konuşmanın önyargıları ortadan kaldırdığını ve seçim kazandırdığını söylüyor.
California’nın Irvine kentinde belediye meclisi üyeliğine seçilen Kang da aynı fikirde. “Kapı kapı gezdim. Birçok kez başka partili seçmenler kapıyı yüzüme kapasa da pes etmedim. Seçim gününe kadar tam 20 bin evi ziyaret ettim” diyerek seçmenle konuşmanın işe yaradığını belirtiyor.
Kang ve Chang, gün geçtikçe sayısı artan ve California’da seçim kazanan göçmen siyasetçilerden yalnızca ikisi.
Güney California Üniversitesi'nden Dan Schnur, “Latin ve Asya kökenli göçmenlerin ekonomik ve kültürel fırsatlardan yararlanmanın ötesine geçip, siyasi fırsatları değerlendirmeye başladığını daha yeni yeni görüyoruz” diye konuşuyor.
Kang, “Asya asıllı Amerikalılar, ülkenin en hızla büyüyen nüfus grubu olduğunu belirterek, California’da yaşananların birkaç yıl içinde ülkenin diğer eyaletlerinde de yaşanacaklara işaret ettiğini söylüyor.The following timeline concerns the different names and principle events concerning recognition of the ROC Olympic team:
1910: The "Chinese National Olympics Committee" (中國奧林匹克委員會) is created to represent China's interests in Olympic Games activities.
1932: ROC competes in the Olympics for the first time as "China"
1951: The Chinese National Olympics Committee moves from Nanking to Taipei;
1951: The PRC Chinese National Olympics Committee is organized;
1954: The IOC adopts a resolution officially recognizing the People's Republic of China (PRC) "Chinese Olympics Committee" (中国奥林匹克委员会). The PRC is invited to the Melbourne Games. The PRC organises a delegation but withdraw in protest of the two China's issue;
1958: PRC withdraws from the Olympic movement and from the federations governing Olympic sports. Professor Tung Hou Yi, an IOC member for the PRC resigns;
1979: The IOC officially recognizes the PRC Chinese Olympics Committee as the representative body for "China" under Communist rule. The ROC Chinese Olympic Committee is officially renamed the "Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee".Mevsim resimleri İlkbahar resimleri: İlkbahar doğa döngüsünde kış ile yaz arasındaki mevsimdir. Kuzey yarım kürede Mart ve Haziran arasıdır. İlkbaharda ağaçlar çiçek açar, hava sıcaklığı artmaya başlar. Bu mevsimde karların erimesi ve bol miktarda yağışların yağması ile su yatakları olan dereler, göller, göletler ve barajlar su ile dolar. Yaz resimleri: Yaz, en sıcak mevsimdir. Kuzey Yarım Küre'de en uzun günler yazda gerçekleşir. Dünya ısıyı depo ettiği için en sıcak günler genellikle yaklaşık iki ay sonra ortaya çıkar. Sıcak günler Kuzey Yarım Küre'de 21 Haziran ile 22 Eylül arasında, Güney Yarım Küre'de ise 22 Aralık ile 21 Mart arasındadır. sonbahar resimleri: Sonbahar, yaz ile kış mevsimleri arasındaki mevsimdir. Güz, Hazan ve Bağ bozumu isimleriyle de anılır. Kuzey yarım kürede Eylül, Ekim ve Kasım; güney yarım kürede ise, Mart, Nisan ve Mayıs aylarına denk gelir. Kış resimleri: Kış, 4 mevsimden biridir. Eski dilde Zemheri ismiyle de anılırdı. Kuzey yarım küre için Aralık, Ocak, Şubat aylarından oluşur. Bu mevsim mevsimlerin en soğuğu olup hava sıcaklığı eksilere doğru düşer ve bu düşmeyle kar ve yağmur yağışı artar. Türkiye'de kış ilk olarak Kuzey Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde başlayarak batıya doğru ilerler.On this page:
Definition of the noun albert sabin
What does albert sabin mean as a name of something?
- United States microbiologist (born in Poland) who developed the Sabin vaccine that is taken orally against poliomyelitis (born 1906)
Who is Albert Sabin?
Albert Sabin: Albert Bruce Sabin was an American medical researcher best known for having developed an oral polio vaccine.
- also known as Dr. Albert Sabin, Albert Bruce Sabin, Albert Saperstein
- born on (109 years ago) in Białystok, child of Jacob Sabin and Tillie Krugman
- ethnicity: Poles
- nationality: United States of America, Poland
- profession: Physician, scientist
- parent of
- died on (22 years ago) in Washington, D.C. of heart failure
- some of the awards:
- Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award (For the development of a live, oral poliovirus vaccine.)
- National Medal of Science for Biological Sciences (For numerous fundamental contributions to the understanding of viruses and viral diseases, culminating in the development of the vaccine which has eliminated poliomyelitis as a major threat to human health.)
- Presidential Medal of Freedom
Printed dictionaries and other books with definitions for Albert Sabin
Click on a title to look inside that book (if available):
by American Heritage Dictionary
Albert Sabin sabkha (sab'ka) A flat area between a desert and an ocean, characterized by a crusty surface consisting of evaporite deposits (including salt, gypsum, and calcium carbonate), windblown sediments, and tidal deposits. Sabkhas ...
by Julius M. Cruse, Robert E. Lewis
Albert Sabin. Sabin, Albert (1906–1993) American physician and immunologist who developed a live attenuated oral vaccine for ...
by Yawei Zhang
osler, Sir William Parkinson, James Pasteur, louis Pauling, linus Ramsay hunt, James Rodbell, Martin Roentgen, Wilhelm Sabin, albert Sabin, Florence R. Sachs, Jeffrey Schweitzer, albert Soper, Fred l.
by Frederick F. Wherry, Juliet B. Schor, Consulting Editor
Albert Sabin developed an oral polio vaccine in the Soviet Union in 1959. Salk's and Sabin's vaccines were both licensed and used in the United States. Maurice Hilleman, who was affiliated with Merck & Co., developed 40 animal and human ...
by Sarah E. Boslaugh
Albert Sabin, are licensed in the United Entries 1 2.
The second vaccine for polio WOS developed by o o Toronto, to Albert Sabin in 1957. Poliomyelitis or polio is a viral Solo": university-so - - - - - – infectious disease that infects and destroys the motor neurons causing muscle weakness and ...
by Kelley Lee, Jennifer Fang
Albert Sabin and other researchers during the 1950s, licensed in the United States in 1961, and given to WHO free of charge to allow its worldwide use. See also OPERATION MECACAR ; ...
Encyclopedia of toxicology (2005)
Dib-L] by Philip Wexler, Bruce D. Anderson
Jonas Salk produced the trivalent formalin-inactivated poliovirus vaccine and this was followed shortly afterwards by the oral live attenuated polio vaccines of Albert Sabin. Most viral vaccines in use today and those in clinical trials and ...
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Albert Sabin
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Quotes about Albert Sabin
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Go to the thesaurus of Albert Sabin to find many related words and phrases!
认知学习风格——什么是认知学习风格?
由安德鲁·Loh
……”简单地说，认知就是思考——《今日心理学》
我们的大脑被赋予了一系列帮助我们有意识地思考的能力。例如，解决一道数学题，破解棋局中的走法，或者理解一出复杂的戏剧，都要归功于认知的力量。这些活动可能采取不同的形式，如评估许多感官输入，简化身体动作和反应，考虑他人或同情他们。人类的认知几乎类似于一台超级计算机的工作，在那里对可用信息进行疯狂的处理。人脑中的基本思想就像我们的大脑本身一样柔软。然而，我们总是以理性的方式思考，所有的行动都与我们的情绪、内在动力和内在动机相结合。
认知有几种定义。简单地说，认知是我们对周围环境积累知识和信息的能力。认知是所有人类的基础，当婴儿出生时，它就作为一种强制性的大脑发育发生了。这一基本方法将继续发展成为一种学习系统，让孩子能够利用收集到的信息来做决定。认知是发育中的儿童的一项基本技能。
收集信息和后续处理信息的方法多种多样。有不同的信息收集技术。这些可能是观察、触摸、听觉、感觉、嗅觉或感觉。在孩子之间，认知学习是可能的，通过识别、排序和记忆各种知识和事件，当它们在他们的环境中展开。
认知帮助我们以认知的方式学习。认知学习理论有几种定义。简单地说，认知学习是听、看、感觉、思考、触摸、体验或识别的结果。人类的认知学习是一个极好的系统，它为我们提供了一个技能和知识的渠道，它使每个人都成为他或她自己的特殊创造，而不模仿他人。认知学习理论的另一个定义如下-它是通过上述心理或认知过程获得知识和技能。
认知学习有多种形式。这些可以是阅读、唱歌、工作、画画、听、看、感觉、触摸甚至是体验。这些简单的动作将导致信息的收集、处理和后来的记忆，以供将来使用。认知学习是无形的、被动的。认知不需要任何运动。然而，它以一种最高级的方式工作。学习者将非常积极和敏捷地处理信息和细节，在动作的刺激下。
认知学习策略
人类使用几种认知学习策略来学习。大自然教给他们认知策略。换句话说，必须有人教孩子用认知的方式学习。要教英语，以下技能非常重要:
浓度
我们经常混淆这两个术语——专注和专注。没有人需要教如何集中注意力。它是一种身体功能。它确实发生了。在自然界中，注意力可能非常善变。换句话说，注意力总是在几秒钟内从一个物体或主体转移到另一个物体或主体。这就是专注力通常发挥重要作用的地方。应该训练孩子们把注意力集中在一个物体上更长的时间;在这里，集中注意力是一个重要的准则。当你们这些孩子的注意力持续时间更长时，我们称之为专注。
专注有两种作用:
-
它是有意为之的，按照一个人的意志行事，而不是自动的。
-
必须有人把它教给孩子们
感知
为了学习一些东西，一个人需要感知围绕这个话题的问题。换句话说，孩子应该通过人类的一种感官意识到学习的主题。感官可以是听，也可以是听。一旦孩子感知到了自己的感官，他们就应该进行解释，使其有一个清晰的意义。
知觉有两种不同的运作方式:
-
孩子们应该能够辨别真伪。
-
一旦他们分辨了真假，他们应该学会将结果储存在大脑中。
内存
人类的记忆有几种类型。然而，短期和长期记忆对孩子来说是非常重要的。在学校里，当孩子们精通短期记忆时，他们的表现会更好。另一方面，长时记忆就像知识箱，为长时间检索储存了重要的记忆字节。
逻辑思维
逻辑思维是一个连续的、有节制的、习得的心理过程。一致的推理将帮助孩子们得出一个有效和明确的结论。逻辑思维帮助孩子更好地学习数学。逻辑思维可以使孩子更聪明、更聪明。
要培养孩子的逻辑思维，你的孩子应该:
-
从他们的大脑中分析重要的事实和结论，并将它们排列成一个链式系统，最终支持思考和学习过程。
-
孩子们还应该以空间的方式学习东西和课程，使学习过程更好地组织起来。
认知是学习的基本组成部分。更好的认知意味着更好的心智发展。当父母帮助孩子简化所有领域的思维时，孩子的认知能力就有可能提高。继续阅读不同的认知学习策略-一些建议和建议．A container yard is an area designated for handling, storing, and transferring shipping containers. Containers arrive at the yard via truck or train and are stacked in the storage area until they can be loaded onto ships or dispatched via truck or rail to their next destination.
Container yards provide a buffer location where containers can be held until the next leg of their journey. This allows for the consolidation of cargo from multiple origins into container loads for transit. It also provides a place to store empties until they are needed.
In Korea, CYs are operated by shipping companies, logistics companies, and port authorities. They provide services like container storage, maintenance, repair, cleaning, customs clearance, and container loading/unloading. Efficient CY operations are critical for minimizing bottlenecks and ensuring cargo moves quickly through ports.(Source : Firefly, Adobe)
1. Container Storage
A primary function of a Container Yard is to provide open storage space for shipping containers. This includes both empty containers and those loaded with import or export goods. Effective space utilization is crucial in a CY, as it directly impacts efficiency and turnaround times.
Optimized Space Management: The layout of a CY is strategically planned to maximize storage capacity while ensuring quick retrieval and loading of containers. This involves organizing containers based on their type, destination, or urgency.
Advanced Tracking Systems: Most CYs employ a sophisticated Terminal Operating System (TOS) to track the exact location of each container within the yard. This digital system enhances operational efficiency and minimizes the risk of misplaced containers.
2. Pre-Shipment Consolidation
Container Yards also play a critical role in consolidating cargo, particularly for Less-Than-Container-Load (LCL) shipments.
Combining LCL Cargo: Multiple shipments from different shippers are combined into shared containers. This is particularly beneficial for smaller shippers who do not have enough goods to fill an entire container.
Enhancing Utilization and Efficiency: By consolidating cargo, CYs improve the utilization of container space, which in turn optimizes shipping costs and reduces the environmental impact of transportation.
3. Customs Clearance
An often overlooked but vital function of Container Yards is facilitating customs clearance.
On-Site Customs Facilities: Many CYs have dedicated customs areas where containers can be inspected and cleared. This is especially important for international shipments that must comply with various regulations and tariffs.
Streamlining the Customs Process: Having customs facilities within the CY speeds up the clearance process, allowing for faster release of goods. This is critical for time-sensitive shipments and helps in maintaining the fluidity of the supply chain.
4. Maintenance and Repair
Container Yards are not just storage spaces; they also serve as maintenance hubs for containers. This function is crucial for keeping the containers in optimal condition for safe and efficient use.
Repair Services: CYs handle repairs of damaged containers. This includes fixing dents, patching holes, and addressing any structural issues.
Maintenance Services: Regular maintenance tasks like washing, painting, and general upkeep are performed to ensure containers are clean and in good condition
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manyetik alanlar ile ilişkileri belirlenir[9]
19.yüzyılın sonlarında,elektromanyetik alan uzay içindeki iki vektör alanının bir koleksiyonu olarak anlaşılmıştı.Günümüzde, bir uzay zamanı içinde bir tek antisimetrik 2-rank tensör alanı olarak bu tanınır.
Genel çekim içinde çekim[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
çekimin Einstein teorisi,genel görelilik olarak adlandırılır, bir alan teorisinin diğer bir örneğidir. Burada the prensip alan is the metrik tensördür,uzay-zaman içinde bir simetrik 2ci-rank tensör alanıdır Evrensel çekimin Newton kanunu'nun yerini aldı.
Dalga alanları[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
Dalgalar fizik olanlar olarak yapılandırılabilirler, kendiliğinden sonlu yayılma hızı ve nedesel doğa ise izole kapalı sistem'in sadeleştirilmiş bir fizik model'inin kümesidir [kaynak belirtilmeli]. Bu aynı zamanda ters-kare yasası'na bağlıdır
Elektromanyetik dalgalar için, burada optik alan vardır, ve yakın- ve uzak-alan gibi terimler kırınım için sınırlardır.Uygulamada, optik olsa da alan teorileri Maxwell'in elektromanyetik alan teorisi tarafından aşılırlar.
Kuantum Alanları[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
Şimdi bir kuantum alan teorisi, en azından prensipte, kuantum mekanik anlamda bir yeniden düzenlemesine izin gerektiğini, böylece kuantum mekaniği, tüm fiziksel olayların temelinde olması gerektiğine başarı getirdiğine inanılan,kuantum alan teorisini verir. Örneğin,klasik elektrodinamik nicemleme ile kuantum elektrodinamiğini verir. deneysel veriler başka bir teori daha (daha önemli basamak) daha yüksek bir duyarlıklı olarak onun öngörülerini teyit eder.[12] diğer iki temel kuantum alan teorisi kuantum renk ve elektrozayıf teorisi vardır; kuantum elektrodinamik tartışmasız en başarılı bilimsel teoridir.
kuantum kromodinamiğinde,renk alanı çizgileri gluon tarafından kısa mesafelerde birleştiğinde, alana göre polarize ve onunla hizalı olur.Bu etki kısa bir mesafe içinde artar (kuarkların yakınlarından 1 fm çevresinde), hadronun içinde kuarklar hapsederek kısa bir mesafe içinde renk kuvvetinde artış yapar. Alan çizgileri gluonlar ile birbirine sıkıca çekilir gibi,bu elektrik yükleri arasındaki bir elektrik alanı olarak dışarıya kadar "beyaz" değil.[13]
Bu üç kuantum alan teorileri tüm parçacık fiziğinin ve sözde standart modelin özel durumları olarak elde edilebilir.Genel görelilik, yerçekiminin Einstein alan teorisi,şimdilik başarılı kuantize olmak için başarılı. Ancak bir uzantısı,termal alan teorisi, sonlu sıcaklıklarda, nadiren kuantum alan teorisi dikkate şeye kuantum alan teorisi ile ilgilenir
Klasik alanları yukarıda olduğu gibi, daha önce olduğu gibi benzer teknikleri kullanarak tamamen matematiksel bir görünümden kuantum karşılıkları yaklaşımı mümkündür. Kuantum alanları yöneten denklemler gerçeği KDDlerin (özellikle, relativistik dalga denklemleri (RWEs)) bulunmaktadır. Böylece bir Yang-Mills, Dirac, Klein-Gordon ve Schroedinger alanı ile ilgili denklemlerin çözümleri konuşulabilir. Olası bir sorun, bu RWEs egzotik cebirsel özellikleri olan karmaşık matematiksel nesnelerin ile başa olduğunu (örneğin spinörleri tansörleri değildir, bu yüzden spinor alanı s üzerinde hesabı gerekebilir) ancak bu teori hala matematiksel genelleme uygun verilen analitik yöntemlere tabi olabilir.
Alan teorisi[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
Bir alan teorisi , bir veya daha fazla fiziksel alan madde ile nasıl etkileşime açıklayan fizik teorisidir . Alan teorisi genellikle bir alanın dinamiklerinin bir yapısı anlamına gelir , zaman veya alan bağımlı olduğu diğer bağımsız fiziksel değişkenler açısından alan değişikliklerin bir şartnamesidir yani . Genellikle bu Lagrangianveya alanın birHamiltonyen'i yazma ve serbestliğin derecesi sonsuz sayıda bir sistemin klasik mekanik (veya kuantum mekaniği) olarak muamele yapılır . Oluşan alan teorileri klasik veya kuantum alan teorileri olarak adlandırılır. Klasik bir alanın dinamikleri genellikle alan bileşenleri açısından Lagrangian yoğunluk ile belirtilen ,dinamik hareket prensibi kullanılarak elde edilebilir.
Birkaç değişken hesabı , potansiyel teorisi ve kısmi diferansiyel denklemler (PDEs) sadece matematik kullanarak herhangi bir fizik ön bilgi olmadan basit alanları inşa etmek mümkündür.Örneğin, skaler PDE gibi dalga denklemi ve akışkan dinamiği için genlik , yoğunluk ve basınç alanları gibi miktarlarda düşünebilirsiniz ısı/difuzyon denklemi denklemleri için ısı/konsantrasyon alanları. Fizik uygun (örneğin,radyometri ve bilgisayar grafikleri) dışında,hatta ışık alanları vardır . Tüm bu örnekler, önceki skaler alanlar vardır . Benzer vektörleri için , (uygulamalı matematik ) akışkan dinamiği deplasman , hız ve vortisiti alanları için vektör PDE vardır , ama vektör hesabı şimdi bu üç miktarları gibi ( genel olarak vektör alanları üzerinde hesabı olan, yanı sıra ihtiyaç duyulan ve vektör PDE için olanlar olabilir) .örneğin sürekli ortamlar mekaniği daha genel sorunlar içerebilir , daha sonra yön elastisite ( germek anlamına geldiği için Latince kelime türetilmiş tensor terimi) , kompleks sıvı akar veya anizotropik difuzyon,matris - tensör KDD'lerin olarak çerçeveli ve matrisler gerektirir veya tensör alanları,dolayısıyla matris veya tensör hesabı. Bu skalerler (ve böylece, vektörler, matrisler ve tansörler) her ikisi de gerçek ya da kompleks soyut-cebir/halka-teoretik anlamda alanları olabilir unutulmamalıdır . Genel bir ortamda,klasik alanlar lif demetleri ve bunların dinamikleri bölümleri jet manifoldlar (kovaryant klasik alan teorisi) açısından formüle edilmiştir tarif edilmektedir .[14]
Alanların simetrileri[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
Bir alan sınıflandırmak için uygun bir yol(klasik veya kuantum) ile simetrilere sahiptir. Fiziksel simetriler genellikle iki tiptir:
Uzayzaman simetrileri[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Skaler alanlar:Alan değerleri her noktada tek bir değişken tarafından verilmektedir (sıcaklık gibi) Bu değer alanı dönüşüm altında değişmez.
- Vektör alanları: alanın her noktasına bir vektör takılarak belirtilir (örneğin, bir manyetik alan içinde her noktada kuvvet in büyüklüğü ve yönü gibi).Bu vektöre ait bileşenlerin uzayda dönüş altında her zaman olduğu gibi kendi aralarında dönüşümü.
- Tensör alanları: (örneğin bir kristalin stres tensörü gibi) alanı her noktada bir tensör tarafından belirtilen.Tensör bileşenleri uzayda dönmeler altında her zamanki gibi kendi aralarında dönüşümü.
- Spinör alanlar:(örneğin Dirac Spinör olarak) spin parçacıkları tanımlamak için Kuantum alan kuramı ortaya çıkar.
İç simetriler[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
Alanlar uzay simetrilerine ek olarak iç simetriye sahip olabilir.Örneğin, birçok durumda, bir uzay-zaman skalerlerin bir listesi verilmiş alanlar gerekir: (φ1, φ2, ... φN).Örneğin, hava tahminleri, bu gibi sıcaklık, basınç, nem, olabilir, Parçacık fiziğinde, kuarkların etkileşiminin renk simetrisi izospin veya çeşni simetrileri olduğu gibi, kuvvetli etkileşimin iç simetrisine bir örnektir.
Bu bileşenleri birbirine dönüştürmek altında uzayzamanı kapsamayan sorunun bir simetrisi, var ise, o zaman simetrilerin bu dizisi bir iç simetrik olarak adlandırılır. Bir de iç simetrileri altında alanların yüklerinin bir sınıflandırması yapılabilir
İstatistiksel alan teorisi[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
İstatistiksel alan teorisi çoklu-cisim sistemleri ve istatistik mekanik'e yönelik alan teorik paradigmasını genişletmek için çalışır. Yukarıdaki gibi, bileşen serbestlik derecesi olağan sonsuz sayıya ulaşılabiliyor.
Çok istatistiksel mekanik gibi kuantum ve klasik mekaniğin arasında bazı örtüşmeler vardır, istatistiksel alan teorisi birçok yöntemleri paylaştığı özellikle önceki,hem kuantum ve hem de klasik alan teorileri bağlantıları vardır. Önemli bir ortalama alan teorisi örneğidir.
Sürekli rastgele alanlar[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
Bu tür elektromanyetik alanındaki gibi yukarıdaki klasik alanların, genellikle sonsuz türevlenebilir fonksiyonlar, ama hemen hemen her zaman, her durumda iki kez türevlenebilenleri vardır. Buna karşılık, genelleştirilmiş fonksiyonlar sürekli değildir. Sonlu sıcaklıkta klasik alanlar ile dikkatlice uğraşırken termal dalgalanan klasik alanlar hiçbir yerde türevlenebilir olmadığından, sürekli rastgele alanlar matematiksel yöntemleri kullanılır. Rastgele alanlar rastgele değişkenlerin indisli setleridir, sürekli rastgele alan kendi dizin kümesi gibi fonksiyonları bir dizin olan rastgele bir alandır Özellikle, sık sık onun indisli seti gibi fonksiyonların bir Schwartz uzayı'na sahip sürekli bir rastgele alanı almak matematiksel olarak uygundurki bu durum sürekli rastgele bir alanına bir.katkılı dağılımlıdır. Biz sürekli bir rastgele alanı hakkında düşünebiliriz, bir (çok) kaba bir şekilde, hemen hemen her yerde olduğunu, ancak bu sıradan bir fonksiyonu olarak bir bütün sonsuzlukların ağırlıklı ortalamasını alırken herhangi bir sonlu bölge üzerinde,ise sonlu bir sonuç alabiliriz. Sonsuz iyi tanımlanmış değildir, ancak sınırlı değerler sonlu değerlerini elde etmek için ağırlık işlevleri olarak kullanılan işlevler ile ilişkili olabilir, ve bu iyi tanımlanmış olabilir. Biz gerçek sayıların içine fonksiyonların bir uzaydan gelen bir doğrusal haritanın yeterince sürekli bir rastgele alanını tanımlayabiliriz.
Alanların matematiği[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
Süreklilik görünümü (dolayısıyla "alan" terimi) sistem serbestlik derecesine sonsuz sayıyı sağlayarak ulaşılabiliyor. Bir vektör adi diferansiyel denklemin boyutu sadece vektör bağımlı değişken veya vektör fonksiyonun boyutudur. Bu anlamda kısmi diferansiyel denklemler yani sonsuz boyutun (birleştirilmiş)ODElerinin ( bileşen serbestlik derecesi matematiksel yorumlama) olarak düşünülebilir. Ayrıca[15] yön alanları olarak adlandırılan vektör alanları önemli araçları ODElerinin sonuçları içinde analiz bulunmaktadır (faz düzlemine bakınız).
nesnenin gerçek doğası diferansiyel denklemi analizin türünü belirler(Ve bağımsız değişkenlerini) (örneğin gerçek skaler, karmaşık matris, Öklid vektör veya dört vektör vs) - (bizim örneklerde - tek değişkenbir real hesabı , karmaşık bir matriks ve reel vektör alanlar üzerinde) gerekli. Kısmi diferansiyel denklemlerin dışında, (klasik) reel analiz ve karmaşık analizin diğer parçalar ya esinlenmiş veya teknikleri alan teorisi (veya her ikisi) uyguladık. Bu tür alanlara örnek spektral teorisi ve harmonik analiz (titreşim ve dalgalar) veya kendini açıklayıcı potansiyel teorisi, kendi başlarına tüm matematiksel konulardır. Ancak belki de en belirgin örnekleri varyasyon hesabı (Lagrangiyen ve Hamiltoniyen biçimcilikler) verilen bağlantılar) ve çok değişkenli hesabı ile diferansiyel geometri genellemelleri vardır - tensör hesabı da dahil olmak üzere, ve ayar kuramı - ve onun yakın akrabası diferansiyel topoloji.
Ayrıca bakınız[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
Notlar[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
Kaynakça[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- ^ John Gribbin (1998). Q is for Quantum: Particle Physics from A to Z. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. s. 138. ISBN 0-297-81752-3.
- ^ John Archibald Wheeler (1998). Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics.. London: Norton. s. 163.
- ^ a b c Richard P. Feynman (1963). Feynman's Lectures on Physics, Volume 1.. Caltech. s. 2–4. Kaynak hatası: Geçersiz
<ref>etiketi: "Feynman" adı farklı içerikte birden fazla tanımlanmış. (Bkz: Kaynak gösterme)
- ^ a b c d e Weinberg, Steven (1977). "The Search for Unity: Notes for a History of Quantum Field Theory". Daedalus 106 (4): 17–35. JSTOR 20024506.
- ^ a b c Kleppner, David; Kolenkow, Robert. An Introduction to Mechanics. s. 85.
- ^ a b Parker, C.B. (1994). McGraw Hill Encyclopaedia of Physics (2nd bas.). Mc Graw Hill. ISBN 0-07-051400-3.
- ^ a b M. Mansfield, C. O’Sullivan (2011). Understanding Physics (4th bas.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-47-0746370.
- ^ Griffiths, David. Introduction to Electrodynamics (3rd bas.). s. 326.
- ^ Wangsness, Roald. Electromagnetic Fields (2nd bas.). s. 469.
- ^ J.A. Wheeler, C. Misner, K.S. Thorne (1973). Gravitation. W.H. Freeman & Co. ISBN 0-7167-0344-0.
- ^ I. Ciufolini and J.A. Wheeler (1995). Gravitation and Inertia. Princeton Physics Series. ISBN 0-691-03323-4.
- ^ Peskin, Michael E.; Schroeder, Daniel V. (1995). An Introduction to Quantum Fields. Westview Press. s. 198. ISBN 0-201-50397-2 . Also see precision tests of QED.
- ^ R. Resnick, R. Eisberg (1985). Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles (2nd bas.). John Wiley & Sons. s. 684. ISBN 978-0-471-87373-0.
- ^ Giachetta, G., Mangiarotti, L., Sardanashvily, G. (2009) Advanced Classical Field Theory. Singapore: World Scientific, ISBN 978-981-283-895-7 (arXiv: 0811.0331v2)
- ^ Nonlinear Dispersive Equations: Local And Global Analysis, Terence Tao.
Daha ileri okuma[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]
- Landau, Lev D. and Lifshitz, Evgeny M. (1971). Classical Theory of Fields (3rd ed.). London: Pergamon. ISBN 0-08-016019-0. Vol. 2 of the Course of Theoretical Physics.Of all the stinging insects, yellow jackets are among the most feared. Even the name gives many people a sense of dread, as these insects are known to be aggressive and invasive. However, while most homeowners do know yellow jackets by name, there is a lot more to know about these stinging, nest-building insects. The following information will help you act more confidently when you encounter them.
Yellow Jackets Are Wasps, Not Bees
Perhaps because they are yellow and black in color, yellow jackets are often confused with or mistaken for bees. They actually belong to the social wasp family, which means they are more closely related to hornets and paper wasps than to bumblebees and honeybees.
Distinguishing between yellow jackets and bees is actually quite simple. Bees of all varieties are covered in tiny hairs. Yellow jackets — and other wasps for that matter — have smooth bodies. The typical yellow jacket is about one half inch long with a slender body and pinched-in waist. Most species of bees have rounder bodies with less-defined waists.
Yellow Jackets Eat Other Insects
Another important distinction between bees and yellow jackets has to do with their diets. Bees collect nectar from flowers and turn it into honey; they are vegetarians. Yellow jackets, in contrast, are omnivores, feeding on both plant and animals foods.
Other insects account for a large portion of the yellow jacket’s diet, especially in the summer. They feed on flies, spiders, and caterpillars. The yellow jacket’s mouth contains powerful digestive enzymes that break the insect flesh down into a nutrient-dense liquid. The adult yellow jacket can then feed this liquefied insect material to young yellow jacket larvae.
Yellow jackets do also have a sweet tooth. They feed on rotten fruit, tree sap, and some flower nectar. For this reason, if you have fruit trees on your property, you should clean up fallen fruits promptly to prevent an invasion of these insects in the fall. Trim your trees in the winter when yellow jackets are inactive. In the summer or fall, sap leaking from the tree may attract them.
Yellow Jackets Sting Readily
You’re wise to be wary of the yellow jacket’s sting. These insects are much more aggressive than
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stinata soddisfacendo due condizioni: 1) costruirsi un corsetto muscolare attorno ad esso, 2) allungare la colonna vertebrale in modo che i dischi scattino in posizione.
L'uomo ha costruito un simulatore: ha rimosso la porta, l'ha coperta con una coperta, l'ha messa ad angolo. Nella parte superiore del tabellone c'erano anelli per il fissaggio delle braccia sotto le braccia. Nella parte superiore, ho anche tirato il polietilene, al quale durante lo stretching ho bloccato con la mia schiena nuda. Appeso a questi cappi, il più a lungo possibile, allungando la colonna vertebrale. Attraverso il dolore infernale ha fatto ginnastica, ha sviluppato i muscoli della gamba che si erano persi con l'aiuto di una benda elastica, ha fatto esercizi per la stampa.
Presto cominciò a muoversi intorno all'appartamento con le stampelle, poi con una bacchetta, e poi lo gettò. Ma l'esercizio e la ginnastica hanno continuato a fare un altro anno. Ben presto, la sua disabilità fu rimossa. Ora vive una vita piena. Fonte: giornale "Vestnik ZOZH" 2002 n. 1, p.7.
Alcuni semplici esercizi utili nell'osteocondrosi.
- Esercizio numero 1. Stare con le spalle al muro, premere contro il muro con la parte posteriore della testa, scapole, glutei e talloni. L'intero corpo, ad eccezione degli addominali, è rilassato. Rimani in questa posizione il più a lungo possibile. Ogni giorno aggiungi 5 secondi. L'obiettivo è di 5 minuti.
- Esercizio numero 2. Sdraiati sulla schiena, allunga le gambe. Tira fuori un calzino da te, l'altro verso te stesso, poi con entrambi i calzini, poi allarga e appiattisci le calze.
- Esercizio numero 3. Sdraiati sulla schiena, le braccia di lato o dietro la testa, piega le ginocchia. Respingi le ginocchia a destra, vai a sinistra, fissa questa posizione per 30 secondi, poi le ginocchia a sinistra, la testa a destra.
- Esercizio numero 4. Sdraiati sulla schiena, piega le ginocchia. Rilascia e solleva il bacino, appoggiandosi sui piedi e sulla scapola.
- Esercizio numero 5. Trovandosi al tuo fianco, fai oscillare la gamba dritta in avanti e indietro.
- Esercizio numero 6. Alzati a quattro zampe. Fletti e arcala la schiena
- Esercizio numero 7. Sdraiati sulla schiena, piega le ginocchia. Per stringere il ginocchio destro al gomito sinistro, il ginocchio sinistro al gomito destro.
Varie osteocondrosi sono molto utili nell'osteocondrosi, che si estende sullo stomaco e sulla schiena, con una separazione degli arti e della testa dal pavimento (da una conversazione con il capo del dipartimento di neurologia, S. A. Martyushev, HLS 2006, n. 6, pagina 6).
Come alleviare il dolore nell'osteocondrosi - rimedi popolari.
- Questo strumento aiuta ad alleviare il dolore alla colonna vertebrale per diversi mesi. Il trattamento dell'osteocondrosi è progettato per 12 giorni. Prima del trattamento dovrebbe preparare due miscele:
Ricetta 1: 50 g di alcol di canfora, 50 grammi di vodka, 50 grammi di senape secca e 3 albume d'uovo - battere, insistere una notte.
Ricetta 2: 50 grammi di succo di aloe, 100 grammi di miele, 150 grammi di vodka, mescolare.
Prepara compresse dalla miscela n. 1 due volte al giorno (o semplicemente lubrifica la colonna vertebrale) per tre giorni. Quindi preparare le compresse dalla miscela n. 2 per tre giorni. Poi ancora per tre giorni applicare la miscela n. 1 e per tre giorni la miscela n. 2. Dopo tale trattamento, l'osteocondrosi si placa a lungo.
- Ma una ricetta che allevia il dolore molto rapidamente, ma l'effetto dura solo pochi giorni: mescolare 300 g di patate grattugiate crude e 1 cucchiaio. l. miele, mettere sulla spina dorsale, rovesciare il film e il tessuto caldo, mantenere l'impacco per 1 ora. Fonte: giornale "Vestnik of the Healthy Living" 2003 n. 7, p.27.
- Sfregamento da osteocondrosi e dolore alle articolazioni.
La donna si ammalò a 35 anni. Il familiare le disse un modo per sconfiggere i rimedi popolari della malattia. È necessario mescolare colonia tripla, tintura di valeriana, mezza bottiglia di iodio e 6 compresse di dipyrone. Tutti mescolano e insistono per 5 giorni. Strofina il punto dolente con il composto fino a quando non viene assorbito. Quindi coprire con un panno di flanella e fissare con una sciarpa calda durante la notte. La donna ha avuto 7 procedure per dimenticare il dolore alla spina dorsale per sempre, anche se sono passati 25 anni. Oda ha dato questa ricetta ad un amico le cui articolazioni fanno male. Anche questo rimedio popolare l'ha aiutata. Fonte: giornale "Vestnik ZOZH" 2001 n. 23, p. 19.
- Lo sfregamento della nonna.
Un'altra ricetta simile per osteocondrosi e dolori articolari è "sfregamento della nonna": 300 g di alcol, 10 ml di alcol di canfora, 10 ml di iodio, 10 compresse di analgin - mix, insistono. Strofina le macchie dolenti Una donna per due giorni ha passato tutto il dolore alla spina dorsale. (Fonte: giornale "Vestnik of the Healthy Living" 2002 n. 16, p.5). Un'altra donna, utilizzando questa ricetta dal "Bollettino di uno stile di vita sano" per 4 procedure ha curato l'osteocondrosi, che non poteva essere curata con altri mezzi. Fonte: quotidiano "Vestnik ZOZH" 2003, n. 4, pagina 4.
Trattamento dell'osteocondrosi a casa
Questi rimedi popolari danno un rapido risultato nel trattamento dell'osteocondrosi a casa.
- Metodo popolare di trattamento con acqua fredda
La donna riuscì a curare la sua osteocondrosi spinale facendo bagni di acqua fredda: prese l'acqua del rubinetto nella vasca da bagno e andò a letto per 30 secondi. In inverno, ha fatto questa procedura una volta al giorno, e in estate - due. Fonte: giornale "Vestnik ZOZH" 2001 n. 23, p. 19.
- Trementina.
La donna ha usato la ricetta popolare trovata nel giornale. È necessario impastare l'impasto con 70-100 g di lievito, 500 g di acqua e farina di segale, non molto spessa. Conservalo per 7 giorni in un luogo fresco, costantemente schiacciato. Prima di andare a dormire, bere un bicchiere di latte caldo da 1 cucchiaino. soda, quindi applicare sulla colonna vertebrale del paziente tre volte, 1 cucchiaino. trementina, sfregandola nella pelle. Stendere l'impasto su garza, attaccarlo alla colonna vertebrale, sopra a cellophane, garza e asciugamano. Mentire per 40-60 minuti, quindi togliere l'impacco. Dopo 7 giorni, ripetere il trattamento. Puoi usare lo stesso impasto per il trattamento. Dopo un simile trattamento popolare, sono passati 25 anni e la colonna vertebrale di quella donna non fa ancora male. Fonte: quotidiano "Vestnik of the Healthy Living" 2002 n. 21, p 28.
Trattamento dell'osteocondrosi con un massaggio.
- Trattamento dell'osteocondrosi con l'aiuto di un massaggio in bottiglia.
Riempire una bottiglia di plastica da 1,5 litri con acqua calda, metterla sul pavimento, stendersi sulla bottiglia con la schiena e rotolarla sul pavimento. Sono sufficienti 10-15 minuti al giorno per l'osteocondrosi per sempre. Ma affinché la malattia non ritorni, questo esercizio deve continuare a essere fatto ulteriormente. Fonte: giornale "Vestnik ZOZH" 2001 n. 5, p.
- Osteocondrosi cervicale - trattamento di massaggio al miele.
La donna non poteva girare la testa, il dolore passò nella spalla e nella mano sinistra, non riuscì nemmeno a spostarlo. Il dottore mi ha prescritto iniezioni, terapia fisica, ma nulla ha aiutato. Quindi, su consiglio del vicino, la donna ha cercato di essere trattata con rimedi popolari, vale a dire, massaggio al miele. Prima della procedura, si scaldò il braccio, la spalla e il collo per 10-15 minuti sotto l'acqua calda corrente, quindi rapidamente asciugò e applicò il miele. Collo a miele stropicciato, clavicola, braccio, spalla. Poi fece un massaggio al miele: premette il palmo della mano e improvvisamente strappò via la pelle. Ha massaggiato fino a quando il palmo non ha più aderito alla pelle. Quindi mise carta compressa, garza e una sciarpa calda su queste aree, andò a letto. Al mattino, miele lavato via. Dopo due procedure, il dolore scomparve. Presto fu in grado di liberarsi completamente del dolore. Fonte: giornale "Vestnik ZOZH" 2001 n. 10, pag 22.
Trattamento termico
- Bagno di trattamento a casa e miele
La donna ha avuto osteocondrosi cervicale e le sue mani sono state portate via. Le è stato consigliato di sottoporti a un trattamento che l'ha aiutata per un mese - 1-2 volte a settimana, doveva andare al bagno, e nel bagno turco per lubrificare il collo e le mani con il miele, sedersi nel bagno turco per 5-10 minuti. Poi vai nello spogliatoio, avvolgi un lenzuolo caldo e bevi il tè, sudando. Fai tre di queste chiamate. A casa basta andare sotto la coperta e sudare. Fonte: quotidiano "Vestnik of the Healthy Living" 2005 n. 17, pagina 30.
- Metodo popolare rapido di trattamento mediante riscaldamento.
Un uomo di 30 anni soffriva di dolori alla colonna vertebrale, non riusciva a chinarsi e sedersi. I vecchi all'ingresso gli diedero la seguente ricetta: impastare la pasta di segale magro con il lievito, lasciarlo salire e cadere. Metti una garza sulla schiena, spalma una garza con uno strato di pasta 5-6 mm. Hanno impastato un impasto di dimensioni simili a un pugno sull'impasto, gli hanno dato fuoco e lo hanno fatto rotolare con una forchetta sull'impasto, riscaldando la colonna in modo uniforme. Quest'uomo non aveva la farina di segale o il traino, quindi riscaldò la stufa e si sedette con la schiena al carbone, sollevando il calore, scaldandogli la schiena con la massima pazienza. Dopo due procedure, l'osteocondrosi spinale lo ha lasciato per sempre. Fonte: quotidiano "Vestnik of Healthy Living" 2006 n. 6, pagina 11.
Trattamento con compresse a casa.
- Trattamento dell'osteocondrosi con un impacco di sale.
L'uomo aveva spalle e spina dorsale doloranti. L'unguento e lo sfregamento non aiutavano. Per cinque procedure, un semplice rimedio popolare ha contribuito a curare l'osteocondrosi. È necessario prendere 1 kg di sale, una migliore macinatura grossolana, mescolare con 3 cucchiai. l. senape secca, aggiungere 100 g di acqua, mescolare e riscaldare questo impasto a 50 gradi, mescolando costantemente. Applicare la miscela sulla zona dolente, coprire con tela cerata o polietilene, e sopra con una sciarpa calda. Mentire fino a quando non è fresco, quindi rimuovere la miscela, pulire il corpo con un panno umido, quindi asciugare e immergere per altre 2 ore. Basta con quell 'uomo 5 procedure e dolore alla colonna vertebrale come non è successo. Fonte: giornale Vestnik ZOZH, 2004, n. 20, p.25.
- Trattamento domiciliare per la limatura della schiena.
L'uomo è stato tormentato per molti anni con mal di schiena. Ha trovato una ricetta popolare che lo ha aiutato in 2 procedure. Ho versato 1,5 litri di acqua nella padella, ho gettato tre manciate di segatura lì e l'ho portato a ebollizione. A quel tempo stavo preparando un letto - metto un pezzo di polietilene sul letto attraverso le lenzuola, sulle lenzuola. Poi sul polietilene al centro stendeva una fila di segatura riscaldata, separata dall'acqua. Appoggiò una garza su una fila di segatura, e poi si stese la spina dorsale, coprendosi con i bordi delle lenzuola e una coperta calda. All'inizio faceva caldo e poi era tollerato. Ha fatto 7 di queste procedure e non ricorda la malattia. Fonte: giornale "Vestnik ZOZH" 2003 n. 10, pp. 20-21.
Come trattare lo sfregamento dell'osteocondrosi.
Come trattare l'osteocondrosi a casa con le cipolle indiane.
Puoi alleviare rapidamente il dolore con una cipolla indiana. Per fare questo, prendere un pezzo di foglia con una lunghezza di 10-15 cm, tritare molto finemente e strofinare questa macchia dolente con questa massa. Brucerà, ma presto passerà via con dolore alla colonna vertebrale. Fonte: quotidiano "Vestnik of the Healthy Living" 2001 n. 17, p. 19.
Trattamenti a base di erbe
- Trattamento prezzemolo tradizionale.
L'uomo divenne improvvisamente una spina dorsale molto malata. Il reagente mostrava una deposizione salina - nella foto sembravano strati di aghi trasparenti tra le vertebre. Il medico gli prescrisse vari farmaci, ma sulla strada per la farmacia il paziente incontrò un amico che gli consigliò di trattare la spina dorsale con rimedi popolari, cioè il prezzemolo. L'uomo mangiò un mese di prezzemolo tre volte al giorno, il dolore alla colonna vertebrale passò gradualmente. Ora ha 90 anni, ma dopo il trattamento del prezzemolo, la sua spina dorsale non ha mai fatto male. Fonte: giornale "Vestnik ZOZH" 2001 n. 11, p.17.
- Come trattare l'osteocondrosi cervicale con sabelnik.
L'uomo aveva una colonna vertebrale cervicale, il dolore non andava ventiquattro ore su ventiquattro, quindi decise di trattare l'osteocondrosi cervicale con rimedi popolari. Fatto tintura di steli e radici sabelnika. Ha preso la tintura di 1 cucchiaio. l. tre volte al giorno. Non ho notato effetti collaterali e ho deciso di aggiungere il tè dal sabelnik al trattamento. Dopo un mese di tale trattamento, il dolore e il dolore alla spina dorsale sono scomparsi. Fonte: giornale "Vestnik of the Healthy Living" 2002 n. 21, p.
Tintura di Sabelnik: 200 g di radici di Sabelnik e 100 g di radici di Potentilla, in piedi o aspire, versare in un barattolo da tre litri, rabboccare con la vodka, insistere per 21 giorni al buio. Prendi 1 cucchiaio. l. tre volte al giorno prima dei pasti. Dopo 30 giorni di trattamento - 10 giorni di interruzione. Per il pieno successo è necessario bere tutti e tre i litri di tintura. Articolazioni doloranti strofinate con unguento, preparate dagli stessi rizomi: 200 g di sabelnik, 50 g di calgane, 50 g di elecampane - tritare finemente i rizomi secchi in polvere, scaldare insieme con 1 kg di olio vegetale o strutto. Fonte: quotidiano "Vestnik of healthy lifestyles" 2009 numero 3, pagina 30.
- Trattamento dell'osteocondrosi a casa con il vino di elecampane.
Il vino da elecampane tratta non solo le articolazioni, ma mette anche tutto il corpo in ordine.
In un barattolo da tre litri mettere una grande manciata di elecampane a radice secca tritata, 700 g di miele, 100 g di lievito. Versare tutta l'acqua calda bollita sulle spalle, indossare un guanto di gomma con una piccola foratura sul collo per rilasciare l'aria. Mantenere caldo fino a completa fermentazione - 2-4 settimane, filtrare, conservare in frigorifero. Bevi mezza tazza al mattino e alla sera, prendi il miele. Corso - fino a quando il vino è finito. Fonte: quotidiano "Vestnik ZOZH" 2004 n. 7, pagina 14.
Efficaci rimedi popolari per il trattamento
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极特殊的的肺间叶细胞不健康、肝炎和光照。
安宁不良反射：
福至尔在人间漫游的推销运用中，泄漏了如下不良反射：溶血性无活力、巨细胞性无活力、高铁血红加里症、兴奋性反射-包罗非冻疮、溃疡、纯的水泡和上衣假死状态-安伯或凯利帽尿，这可能性是鉴于fluotamines和/或它们的废弃物。
黄疸、不良反射如肝性脑病、肝假死状态等。。停药后肝伤害通常是可逆性的。，只是，有报道称，肝脏在U。
特殊的高血糖与中消变坏。
两份对福至尔理由邪恶的阳性乳房瘤的泄漏已被物。前列腺的肥大1例，用药3-4个月后乳房结节增大。，低求导数坚毅地面对癌的切除评价。
另一例是末期前列腺的癌。，在独自运用福至尔行医后2个月呈现阳性乳房女性化，见乳房结节6个月，行医后9个月，切除并评价为中求导数渗透性坚毅地面对结节。，G3，无远方转变。
非常试验课配额有肝机能非常、乳清脲氮（BUN）促销，少数人乳清肌酐促销。
【避开】凡对福至尔成份兴奋性者禁用。
【有关注意事项】
福至尔有可能性形成肝机能伤害，氨基转氨酶高于正常值2-3倍的病人不克不及服用福至尔。获得能容忍的都要时限中止肝机能反省。。
时限反省应在头第四月后中止。，在呈现肝机能非常的征兆/体征的使适应下（像，：搔痒症、尿液吃水、作呕、呕吐、继续的食欲缺乏症、黄疸、右上腹部被触摸或不克不及解说为F的征兆。，应中止相关性的试验课反省。。
试验课反省成果显示，L。，但缺席表示显示肝转变。，以防病人黄疸减轻或氨基转氨酶高于止常值2-3倍，纵然缺席临床征兆，亦应垫高福至尔。
福至尔与LHRH激动剂结爱川药行医时，理所当然理解每种药物可能性发生的反功能。，缺席出身手册，病人不得恣意停药或变换配药安排的。。
传染免疫为例：
在行医前，应告语获得能容忍的。，药物可能性对肝脏形成伤害。，通知病人肝机能伤害的征兆理所当然是执政官。，这些征兆包罗皮肤搔痒症。，深色尿（不包罗昏黄色或凯利帽尿液），作呕、呕吐、继续的食欲缺乏症、巩膜黄染或皮肤黄疸，上无故抱怨或流感样征兆。
[孕妇和培育女人]
福至尔仪一致的阳性能容忍的，没使关心于怀孕女人和培育女人运用的努力。，只是须想起孕妇服用福至尔为害胎儿的可能性性和药物在乳汁中在的可能性性。
[有毒物的孩子]缺席做这项努力。。
[药物相互功能]
在某一病人获得新双香豆素与福至尔兼并用药时，前凝血酶工夫延年益寿。这必然是前凝血酶工夫。，为了决定第在中加料的下药和A。
曾有报道当福至尔与咖啡碱爱川时会呈现咖啡碱细胞质浓度的举起。CYP1A2是咖啡碱的首要废弃酶，它是替换氟他胺其性潜艇首要代劳。
[药物过量]
在单用氟他胺在牲口试验，不适当的运用毒物的迹象曾经举起了易弯曲的。、立毛、呼吸舒缓、Ataxia和/或拉伤、食欲缺乏、不激动的、呕吐和血红加里。
过量的征兆或致命的氟他胺单配药仍undetermin。
氟他胺高加里兼备力，血液透析对不适当的运用病人用的。。它和任何的药物两者都。，应思索各式各样的药物的功能。。以防缺席自发行为呕吐，呕吐要呕吐病人共计时，历帮助行医，包罗常常搜集各式各样的性命体征和使有条理注视P。。
[药理功能]
内服抗雄激素激素作为非同醇乙酰氨基苯，免于靶细胞内雄激素吸取的引起能力，显示强抗雄激素功能。
[毒性]
福至尔经Ames试验、DNA革新试验、护士染色体掉换或显性致死要素分析，缺席身份证明破裂假装中止。。对捕鼠的现世的给药试验见福至尔可发生睾丸空间细胞癌和坚毅地面对癌。
[药代动力学]
福至尔内服后从胃肠道吸取。人体药代动力学努力，福至尔在体内人做切片神速废弃，的首要活跃的废弃成功实现的事是α-氧氢基氟他胺。
单配药内服250mg，该废弃物约2小时达血浓度主峰，细胞质加里兼备率在90%超过。，去除相半衰期约6小时。原药及活跃的废弃物首要散布在前列腺的，Mostly through urine，小量排泄物从体内执行。。
往事在2-30摄氏温度，避光、防湿的、撤销小孩。
【包装】高密度多线性的瓶，100件/瓶。
[有效期] 48个月
【批准文号】h20130009
[引起生意]中国1971先灵葆雅股份有限公司现在的九价HPV疫苗真的很紧缺，女性都是抢着去注射的。但是，有准妈妈在注射了HPV疫苗之后才发现怀孕了，这会对宝宝有影响吗？
所以，为保险起见，目前医疗界对备孕期、妊娠期、哺乳期乃至月经期的女性的建议大致是这样的：
1. 备孕期可以正常打HPV疫苗，接种完后也可以立即怀孕。
2. 明确怀孕期间，不建议打HPV疫苗。
3. 如果注射疫苗（一共3针）期间，发现怀孕了，不用人工流产重新再怀，只需要停止注射HPV疫苗，直到宝宝顺利出生即可。生完孩子后，之前注射过的1针或2针疫苗，不用重新再打，只要借着打完剩下的疫苗，也能顺利接种。
4. 哺乳期间，可以安全打HPV疫苗，不影响母亲和婴儿。
5. 虽然目前没有资料明确说明，到底HPV疫苗会不会影响月经。但根据已有经验，以及疫苗的基本原理判断，在经期打疫苗不会有过多影响。
孕期能进行宫颈癌筛查吗？
感染HPV后，绝大多数人没有任何症状，且HPV最终会被人体的自然免疫系统所清除，只有少部分人会因HPV持续感染而最终发展成宫颈癌。
在这个过程中，早期发现宫颈病变并进行治疗便显得极为重要。但很多人会有疑问，孕期做宫颈筛查是否安全？会不会诱发流产或早产？
多个国内的专家指南共识指出：孕期进行宫颈癌筛查是安全的。2018年更新的《孕前和孕期保健指南》中推荐在孕前12个月未行宫颈细胞学检查的早孕期妇女在孕6-14周进行宫颈癌筛查。
孕期发现HPV感染怎么办？
当孕期发现有HPV感染时，需结合细胞学检查决定是否行阴道镜检查。当活检病理诊断为CIN1时，无需治疗，按常规要求进行产检直至足月，待产后6周以后再做一次评估和检查。
而病理诊断为CIN2或CIN3时，最好能每12周复查一次阴道镜及细胞学检查，只有当怀疑为浸润性宫颈癌时，才建议再次活检。
孕期应尽量避免颈管搔刮或诊断性锥切，只有高度怀疑浸润癌时，才需根据妊娠期、病变位置、范围等给予个性化的治疗。
孕妇感染HPV会传染给胎儿吗？
目前认为HPV的母婴传播几率不大，但其中低危型HPV有更大几率传播给胎儿，目前研究认为新生儿的HPV感染多来自母婴间垂直传播（尤其是6型及11型）。
临床上婴幼儿HPV相关的皮肤、粘膜病变并不多见，表现为肛门及生殖部位的先天性尖锐湿疣、结膜乳头状瘤以及喉乳头瘤病。新生儿呼吸道乳头瘤病的发生率约为0.7%，病死率较高。
呼吸道乳头瘤病也可在青春期发病，表现为咽部散在的粟粒样或息肉状、菜花样赘生物，引起声音嘶哑、呼吸困难，具有容易复发、难以根治的特点。
总的来说，新生儿的HPV感染预后较好，常在出生后6个月自然转阴，极少发生HPV的持续感染，而新生儿、青少年呼吸道乳头瘤等严重并发症的发生极为罕见。
HPV感染者就一定要剖宫产吗？
HPV感染的女性即使行剖宫产手术也无法完全阻断母婴之间的传播。
只有当巨大的生殖道疣阻碍阴道分娩或可能引起严重出血、生殖道损伤时，才将剖宫产手术作为首选。
但临床上仍应积极宣教，降低妊娠期HPV的感染率，进而降低新生儿的感染率。
孕期女性有更大风险罹患HPV感染，但多数感染都会自行消退。对已经导致宫颈上皮内病变的孕妇要加强监测，只有怀疑宫颈浸润癌时才需要进一步处理。
只有因为巨大尖锐湿疣引起产道梗阻时才考虑将剖宫产作为分娩方式的首选。
İki arada bir derede
AK Partili Mehmet Dülger'e acıdık. Dün sözlerinin altında ezilmiş siyasetçi görüntüsü sergiledi: SABAH'a demecinin mürekkebi bile kurumadığı için yalanlama pişkinliğine başvuramadı. Ama "şimdilik" partide kalması gerektiğini bildiği için de Erdoğan'a kendini bağışlatmak umuduyla çırpınıp durdu.
AK Parti'nin DYP kökenli (kendisi sık sık vurguladığı için hatırlatıyoruz) milletvekili Mehmet Dülger dün ibretlik bir basın toplantısı düzenledi.
Konusu: SABAH'a yaptığı ve "Emine Hanım'ın türbanı Türkiye'yi sarsar" başlığıyla yayınladığımız demecinin kopardığı kıyamet üstüne ricat harekatı!
Ama "kontrollu ricat". Çünkü hem belleklerde çok taze olduğu için sözlerinin arkasında durmaya çalışıyor, hem de "Öyle demek istememiştim" diyerek, sığınacağı aralık kapı arıyor.
Önce Dülger'in şimdi "alalade bir sohbetti" diye geçiştirmeye çalıştığı o tarihi demecindeki neler söylediğini iki cümleyle hatırlatalım:
"Ben nasıl AK Parti'ye DYP ceketimi asıp geldiysem, Tayyip Bey de Milli Görüş gömleğini asıp gelmeli."
"Emine Hanım türbanlı olarak Çankaya'ya çıkmakta ısrar ederse, bu Türkiye'yi sarsar. Emine Hanım istiyorsa, Çankaya'ya çıkarken başını açar."
SABAH'ı basın toplantısının ağırlık merkezi yaptığı için kendisine teşekkür ederiz, böylece gazetemizin etkinliğini vurgulamış oldu; ancak Dülger yalnızca bize konuşmadı. O nedenle "manşet mağduru" olduğu iddiasının geçerliliği yok.
Örneğin SABAH'taki demecinden on gün kadar önce Habertürk TV'de gazetecilerin cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimi, AK Parti'de Milli Görüş ağırlığıyla ilgili sorularına Erdoğan ve kurmaylarının saçlarını diken diken edecek yanıtlar verdi. İşte biri:
"Milli Görüş geleneğinden gelen birisi cumhurbaşkanı olmaz diyorum. Olmaması lazım demiyorum, olmaz diyorum!"
Şimdi bu cevabın peşine SABAH'a demecindeki şu cümleyi ekleyin: "Belki de sayın Başbakan, 'Biz aday olmak istemiyoruz. Kanaatlerimiz burada görev yapmamıza engel' diyebilir."
İki ifade birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, Erdoğan'ın "Biz o gömleği çıkardık" söylemine Dülger'in inanmadığı ortaya çıkmıyor mu? Dahası Erdoğan değişse bile cumhurbaşkanı olamayacağı, çünkü "Milli Görüş geleneğinden geldiği" anlamı doğmuyor mu?
Karışıklık ve istikrarsızlık
Gelelim Dülger'in Emine Hanım'ın türbanla Çankaya'ya çıkması durumunda "Türkiye'nin karışacağını değil, istikrarının bozulacağını" ifade ettiği iddiasına.
Bu kez tamamlayıcı unsur olarak, SABAH'la aynı günlerde Milliyet gazetesinde yayınlanan demecinden alıntı yapacağız:
"Eşi türbanlı bir cumhurbaşkanı olursa borsa oynar, ordudan bildiriler çıkar, üniversiteler ayağa kalkar..."
Mehmet Bey çizdiği bu ürkütücü tabloyu şimdi karışıklık değil, istikrar bozulması olarak gösteriyor. Peki karışıklık için daha ne lazım? İç savaş mı? Yoksa darbe mi?
Zaten "Türkiye'nin real politiki ile demokrasisi arasında henüz kapanmamış bir mesafe bulunuyor" diyerek, darbe gözdağı da veriyor. Nereden mi çıkardık? AK Parti milletvekillerine dağıttığı bildiriden: "Damdan düşmüş biri olarak, kimsenin damdan düşmesini istemiyorum!"
"Damdan düşmek"ten kastı 27 Mayıs 1960 ihtilalinde Demokrat Parti Milletvekili olan babası Bahettin Dülger'in Yasssıada'da yargılanıp idama mahkum edilmesi (müebbete çevrildi), 12 Eylül 1980 müdahalesinde de yöneticisi olduğu Adalet Partisi'nin -tüm partilerle birlikte- kapatılması.
Anlaşılan Dülger, 2800 yıl önce yaşamış Çinli düşünür Lao-zu'nun sık sık tekrarlamaktan hoşlandığı cümlesinin çok etkisinde kalmış: "Devletin gece kadar karanlık işleri vardır, gündüz kadar aydınlık işleri vardır."
İyi ama siyasetçinin misyonu devlet işlerinin gündüz yapılmasını sağlamak değil mi? Özellikle de iki ihtilal, bir müdahale ve bir post-modern darbe mağduru Mehmet Dülger gibilerin?A. Scott Roberts, a leading expert on addiction, has developed a research-based program to help people break free from addiction. It’s a science-based approach that is not about making people who suffer from addictions feel like bad people or failures for doing behaviors that their brains have hardwired them to crave.
“If you ask anyone what addiction is, you will probably get a lot of random answers,” Roberts says. “Some call it a lack of willpower, a moral choice or even a ‘relapsing disease’ of the brain. There are many odd misconceptions about addiction and it is so widely misunderstood.”
For the most part, this misunderstanding of addiction means there are a lot of treatments for it that just don’t work. They aren’t based on evidence or research, so they really aren’t treating the problem. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t ways that do work. Roberts has a system that you can use to rewire your brain to keep you from repeating destructive behaviors.
The problem, says Roberts, is our brains. Addictions aren’t something that you can just suppress or wish away. The reason we become addicted to things like cigarettes, alcohol, drugs, or any harmful behavior is because they trick our brains into thinking that they are helping us survive.
Here is how Roberts’ clinical expertise comes into play. Our brains are structured in two basic parts: the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system. The prefrontal cortex is where all of our logical, thought-based behaviors come from. The limbic system is the more primal part of the brain, the same thing that we share with animals as simple as lizards and snails. The limbic system tells our bodies that we are doing something good for our survival—like eating or having sex—by rewarding our brains with positive feelings.
The problem is that today there are many non-essential behaviors that have no value to our survival like gambling, drinking, pornography or drugs that hijack the limbic system into rewarding us for things that can be harmful.
Most popular recovery programs that are already out there are not effective because they don’t understand this reward-based origin of addiction. They approach addiction as a moral failing, and as something that has to be forgiven. These recovery programs have no scientific basis and then claim to cure patients. These are the same people who eventually relapse and return to the same ineffective treatments.
What Roberts’ addiction-breaking techniques change is the misconception that you need to suppress cravings because they are wrong. There are ways you can work to change addictive thinking and stop yourself from continuing harmful behavior. Though it’s not the type of thing that will work overnight, A. Scott Roberts’ program is for people who are dedicated to changing their lives by moving past addiction to a real and lasting recovery.
Watch the free video below to see how A. Scott Roberts has made a real breakthrough in addiction recovery.به گزارش گروه سیاسی خبرگزاری میزان به نقل از پایگاه اطلاعرسانی مقام معظم رهبری، صد
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Nel articolo denunciano le pretese di Añez di imbavagliare l’ex presidente facendo pressioni su Messico affinché gli impedisca di usare le reti sociali.
Ig/lma一种名为Fastrig的创新帆技术将被安装到Ultrabulk船上，以减少航运的碳排放和成本。
英国最大的发电站运营商Drax与领先的干散货运输公司Ultrabulk、智能绿色航运联盟、以及艾伦•麦克阿瑟夫人(Dame Ellen McArthur)的“翠鸟”(Kingfisher)游艇的造船师Humphreys Yacht Design合作，以期解决航运业二氧化碳排放越来越多的问题。
由InnovateUK，机械工程师学会(IMechE)和私人投资者资助的一项10万英镑为期12个月的可行性研究已经开始，该研究将探讨将一种名为Fastrig的创新帆技术安装到Ultrabulk船上，将生物质燃料输入英国，以减少碳排放和成本。
航运业排放的二氧化碳和其他温室气体(CO2-equivalent)约占全球总量的3%，即每年排放约10亿吨二氧化碳和其他温室气体。这相当于英国所有来源总排放量的两倍多。
北约克郡的德拉克斯发电站已经改变了它的业务，它已将三分之二的发电厂转换为使用生物质而不是煤——它现在是欧洲最大的脱碳项目。去年，该公司从伊明厄姆、赫尔、泰恩和利物浦港共进口了221个批次合计680万吨压缩木颗粒，使其能够生产英国14%的可再生电力。
与煤炭相比，在Drax使用生物质可以节约80%以上的碳排放——这包括供应链排放，但航运仍是生物质供应链中碳浓度最高的部分之一。Drax希望进一步降低排放，这使得Smart Green Shipping能够与寻找最低碳货运供应商的“最终用户”合作。
智能绿色航运联盟(Smart Green Shipping Alliance)的首席执行官兼创始人黛安•吉尔平(Diane Gilpin)表示：“这是一个真正能够改变行业运营方式的项目。”德拉克斯削减碳排放的决心创造了真正的需求。减少排放是件好事，它节约了成本，提高了长期运行的确定性。这项研究旨在找到减少排放和节约燃料成本之间的“最佳平衡点”。
“我们正与各航运公司合作，与港口所有者、造船商、货主和金融家合作，设计实用有效的新系统解决方案。我们开发的原型非常令人兴奋。一艘21世纪的带帆的混合动力船看起来就像特斯拉做的T型福特汽车一样。”
吉尔平是英国政府清洁海事委员会(Clean Maritime Council)的专家，该委员会将制定一项减少航运业排放的战略。
英国航运大臣努斯拉特·加尼(Nusrat Ghani)在委员会成立大会上表示，“清洁海事计划将为英国企业设计、开发和销售如何应对这一全球挑战的绿色解决方案带来新的机遇。”
Drax集团首席执行官威尔·加德纳说：“Smart Green Shipping Alliance在提供更清洁、更绿色交通方面的开创性努力，可能有助于英国实现其气候目标所需的清洁增长。如果我们真的要实现这些目标，交通的脱碳将是下一个重大挑战。”
“绿色航运与可再生能源的结合为全球脱碳做出了更大的贡献。这是实现Drax目标的关键进展——为所有人提供零碳、低成本的未来。”
（原文来自：生物质杂志 中国新能源网综合）Sophia Loren, Penelope Cruz, Hilary Swank, Naomi Watts ve Lou Doillon gibi ünlü kişilerin yer aldığı, çekimlerini Inez Van Lamsweerde ve Vinoodh Matadin yaptığı takvim.
bu konuda fikrin mi var? buraya entry ekle. üye ol
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sadece naomi watts için bile alınabilecek takvimdir. gerçi almak için dünyanın sayılı insanlarından biri olmak gerekiyormuş. bu insanları kim sayıyor, kaça kadar sayıyor, neye göre sayıyor orası bir muallak*. dünyanın sayılı insanları arasına girebilmektense, sayılı insanların evine girip takvimi çalabilmek daha kolay zaten.Sconcerti, partiamo dalla notizia del giorno: la Lega propone un 30% di taglio degli stipendi se non si riprende e un 15% se si riprende e l’Aic replica che è una proposta 'vergognosa e irricevibile'.
"Guarda, che si debba coinvolgere anche i dirigenti è implicito. Ma non è questo il punto".
Qual è?
"Una cosa sarebbe fare beneficenza e dire: siamo una categoria ricca e protetta e parte del nostro stipendio lo giriamo a chi ne ha bisogno. Ma non è così. Sono i giocatori a 'prestare' soldi alle società. E' un po' strano, no? Ma è una svolta. Mi spiego: le società dicono noi non abbiamo i soldi quindi ve ne diamo meno. Ok. E' la fine della bolla del calcio. Non del calcio in sé, ma la fine dell'irrealtà del calcio. Il calcio finora ha vissuto una vita finta, ora gli si chiede di tornare alla vita reale, complici anche le società che un po' stanno cavalcando questa emergenza per abbassare gli stipendi".
L'AIC in tutto questo che ruolo ha?
"Il ruolo dei portavoce, niente di più, ma non è in grado di indicare un percorso di lotta. Damiano Tommasi è una bella persona, sana, ma quando dice che parte della sua preoccupazione è prendere soldi alla Serie A per dare alla C allora capisci che perde buona parte del suo potere di rappresentanza. E comunque essere giocatori di Serie A non significa fare parte di una categoria omogenea, significa guadagnare da 500mila euro a 30 milioni, con queste premesse non ci può essere un rappresentante, ogni giocatore ha il proprio studio legale che lo rappresenta".
"E' la prima cosa da fare. Ai giocatori va chiesto se se la sentono di fare visite continue, come è facile immaginare giocando il campionato in 50 giorni, con una partita ogni 3 giorni; va chiesto se se la sentono di vivere in alberghi isolati; va chiesto di essere sottoposti a continui tamponi, ma non solo loro, parliamo di 50-60 persone, quelle che muove ogni club quando c'è una partita, dai medici ai magazzinieri. Non lo so…".
A me sembra fantascienza.
"Pure a me, la primavera poi è la stagione dei raffreddori. Che fai, ogni volta che uno starnutisce fai il tampone? E se uno dei 50 è positivo, fermi tutto di nuovo? Insomma, il rischio della ripresa è tropo alto. E c'è un altro discorso da fare".
Quale?
"Forse è anche il caso di sentire la gente. A fronte di un'operazione di mercato grossa come questa, bisogna sentire anche il cliente e chiedergli: ma voi uno spettacolo di questo genere, vi piace, lo guardate? Credo che un campionato usato o impaurisce oppure alla maggior parte delle squadre non interessa. Ripartire per vedere un calcio contraffatto: ne vale la pena? Io personalmente dico di no, preferirei pensare a un inizio vero, nuovo, diverso. Io di calcio ci vivo, la rinuncia mi costa; ma se il calcio è divertimento allora si deve ricominciare quando si può - quando tutti staranno bene - e solo allora sarà calcio vero".The antimicrobial compound found in soaps and toothpaste may help infectious bacteria stick around
Sneezing out antimicrobial snot may sound like a superpower, but it actually could be a handicap.
Triclosan, an omnipresent antimicrobial compound found in products ranging from soaps and toothpaste to medical equipment, is already known to show up in people’s urine, serum and breast milk. It seeps in through ingestion or skin exposure. Now, researchers have found that it gets into snot, too. And in the schnoz, triclosan seems to help the disease-causing bacteria Staphylococcus aureus instead of killing the microbes.
Microbiologist Blaise Boles, of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and colleagues swabbed the noses of 90 adults and found that having triclosan-containing snot could double a person’s likelihood of carrying staph. The microbes may have adapted to triclosan, allowing them to remain steadfast in the nose. The results appeared April 8 in mBio.The fight for justice in Chile moves forward. The decision by a Chilean court to strip former dictator Gen. Augusto Pinochet of his congressional immunity from prosecution is proof that the wheels of justice may turn slowly, but they grind nonetheless. The ruling may still be appealed to the supreme court, but the message is clear: Tyrants are running out of places to hide.
The exact number of victims of Mr. Pinochet’s rule may never be known. It is estimated that at least 3,000 people were murdered or “disappeared” during his 17 years in power. During that time, he once boasted that not even a leaf moved in Chile without his permission. Before leaving office after losing a plebiscite, Mr. Pinochet wrote a constitution that made him a senator for life and gave him immunity from all crimes committed during his term in office.
The general thought that was all the protection he needed. He learned otherwise in October, 1998, when he was subpoenaed during a visit to London by Spanish Judge Baltasar Garzon, who was investigating the disappearance of Spanish citizens in Chile during Mr. Pinochet’s rule. A British court made history when it ruled that Mr. Pinochet could be extradited for alleged human-rights violations committed during his term in office. The British government then released Mr. Pinochet after deeming him medically unfit to stand trial.
Upon his return home, Mr. Pinochet and his supporters discovered that the carefully constructed constitution was not the shield they thought it was. And the instrument of his downfall may be a particularly gruesome tool that was deployed during his rule.
Shortly after Mr. Pinochet seized power in 1973, the “Caravan of Death” was pressed into service. It toured cities, dragged prisoners from jail, held trials and killed them. But many of those victims disappeared; their bodies were never found or returned to their families. A Chilean judge has argued that the absence of a body means these cases are ongoing. That means they do not fall under the terms of the amnesty provision, which only covers crimes that were completed. Apparently, the Court of Appeals agrees. Last month, it voted 13-9 to lift Mr. Pinochet’s immunity, arguing that the crimes committed by the “Caravan of Death” had been substantiated, as had the chain of command under Mr. Pinochet. That ruling exposed him to 110 lawsuits filed on behalf of those killed or missing during his rule.
Mr. Pinochet’s lawyers are likely to appeal the case to the supreme court. And even if he loses that appeal, the former strongman is unlikely to go to trial. He is 84 years old and in failing health. There are serious doubts about his ability to contribute to his own defense. Charges against him are likely to be dismissed on the grounds that he is unfit to stand trial.
Yet even that outcome does not mean that the families of his victims have lost. The cause of human rights has been greatly advanced by this case. A precedent has been set. Tyrants are no longer able to commit crimes against their own citizens and then hide behind the shield of sovereign immunity.
The Chilean government has been forced to confront its past. So far, 60 retired officers, including five generals, are being prosecuted for human-rights abuses during Mr. Pinochet’s reign. The willingness to charge Mr. Pinochet is yet more proof that heads of state will be held accountable for crimes committed by their subordinates.
Chile’s democracy has been strengthened as well. During the British proceedings, the Santiago government maintained that it, not a Spanish court, was the best venue for such a hearing. Some doubted whether the government had the will to proceed. The doubters have been proven wrong.
The proceedings have also solidified constitutional order in Chile. There were fears that the military would not let the hearings proceed. A recent high-profile meeting of military chiefs added to the image of a country divided. When pressed, however, the head of the army, Gen. Ricardo Izurieta, said that he would respect the courts’ decisions.
Some claim that it is unfair that Mr. Pinochet benefits from rights he denied his victims. Perhaps, but the rule of law is just that: a commitment to an order that is above the actions of any individual, whether that person is judge or defendant. Putting the former dictator in the dock, even if he is found incompetent to stand trial, is a humiliation and a punishment all its own. And that, of course, is the point of the exercise: justice, not revenge.
By subscribing, you can help us get the story right.Archaeologists conducting survey within the Amazonas region of Peru have discovered a unique find: 35 small sarcophagi belonging to the Chachapoyas culture. The Chachapoyas were given their name by the Incas, and it means ‘Warriors of the Clouds” due to their settlements in higher altitude regions. There are two funerary traditions for these people. The first is burial within tony house-like mauoleums worked into the cliff sides. The second is the use of anthropomorphic sarcophagi placed vertically in caves in high areas. These sarcophagi were created by bundling the deceased into a sitting position using rope and fabric, constructing a pole structure for the shape of the sarcophagi, and then using plaster building the sarcophagi around the person. They were painted with white, yellow and red in decorative ways. The site found by archaeologists recently is this second type of burial. What is unusual is that the sarcophagi average about 70 cm tall, which is smaller than other sarcophagi sites. This led them to infer that it was a children only burial sites. The second unusual thing was that the sarcophagi all faced west (Chase 2013).
The burial of children within a different area is not all that uncommon in the past or the present. Given the significance of the loss of a child, and the different perspectives towards children, their exclusion from the primary cemetery is an important statement, and not necessarily a negative one. The Tophet of Carthage is a good example of a cemetery set aside for a specific age group. It was argued that this site represented a sacrificial site for infants, however further research showed that the infant ages were representative of normal mortality curves. The reason for their burial in a different area was attributed to the fact that they wouldn’t have been viewed as fully functional individuals within the culture. Due to high infant mortality, not viewing them as part of the group until they were older wasn’t rare, it likely helped people cope with constant loss, and the separate burial would aid with this concept of a division between them and the rest of the group. (Read more about this site here).
In Ireland, the burial of unbaptised children within consecrated ground was forbidden in the past. Canon stated that infants who died prior to baptism were separate from the rest of the Catholic community in the afterlife, and therefore must be spatially separated. It was common for family members to bury these unbaptised children on their own in a cillín (plural, cilliní). This is an Irish term that basically consists of any historic unconsecrated burial ground meant for the unbaptized that is located away from the Catholic cemetery. The practice was first documented in the early 17th century, and many of these cilliní were extensively used. It wasn’t until 1969 that the Catholic Church decreed that there was hope for an unbaptized infant to gain entry into Heaven and introduced a funerary rite specifically for them, allowing their burial in consecrated group. Cilliní are now obsolete, but the sites remain present in many areas. These sites are often found in proximity to historic monuments or ancient ruins. The association of cilliní with ancient sacred places may have been a way for families to circumvent the Church’s prohibition and these sites of former sanctity may have been seen as a close second option to the consecrated grounds (Pankey 2012).
Other than separation of children due to perception as not being full members of the group, children may also be separated because of the place they lived or died in. At historic orphanages, children’s hospitals or boarding schools, there are children’s cemeteries for the individuals who died there and were unclaimed by parents or could not be transferred home. The Minnesota State Public School for Dependent and Neglected Children was created in 1885 and ran until the 1940′s. Over this time, they had around 300 deaths, 198 of these were not claimed by relatives or family and were buried in a children’s cemetery. Originally the cemetery consisted of small headstones with the name of the individual or simply a numbered plaque. More recent renovation and upkeep of the cemetery has led to the placement of crosses with names at the numbered plaques to restore the deceased’s identity (Arnold 2012).
The spatial separation of children and adults within cemeteries is an interesting phenomenon that needs to be closely investigated before making assumptions about why it occurs. It may be due to differences in identity, perception of age and lifecourse, or where these different aged individuals were. It could also be due to hundreds of unknown reasons. Whatever the interpretation, the death of children is a delicate topic, and must be approached carefully.
Chase 2013. Archaeologists discover Chachapoyas sarcophagi in Amazonas Peru. Peru This Week. http://www.peruthisweek.com/news-archaeologists-discover-chachapoyas-sarcophagi-in-amazonas-peru-101585
Pankey 2012. The Tradition of Separate Burials in Ireland: Cilliní and Place. Spectrum. https://cola.unh.edu/sites/cola.unh.edu/files/student-journals/spectrumFall2012_Pankey.pdf
Kuriositas. 2013. The Strange Sarcophagi of the Chachapoya. Kuriositas. http://www.kuriositas.com/2013/09/the-strange-sarcophagi-of-chachapoya.html
Arnold 2012. Owatonna Orphanage Cemetery. Beneath the Trap Door. http://authorjoelarnold.blogspot.com/2012/11/owatonna-orphanage-cemetery.html“凉州贤
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Depending on the size of the file(s) you are downloading, the system may take some time to download them. Please beAbstract: Although few secular examples of Byzantine monumental painting survive, hundreds of churches throughout the Mediterranean and the Balkans preserve impressive decorative programs. Many of these churches are well studied. Others, however, remain unpublished. Close study of the paintings provides valuable information about techniques, materials, and artistic styles. Church decoration can show enormous regional variation: specific communities and patrons often exerted influence on subject matter. Inscriptions played an important role in many churches, providing an archive of liturgical texts to be spoken and sung and epigrams to be read. Liturgical texts, hymns, and ritual performance were important inspirations for painters and communities in the Middle and Late Byzantine periods. Phenomenological effects of sound and light were also considered in monumental decoration.刘延柱
(上海交通大学工程力学系，上海 200240)
自2005年开始，北京的鼓楼展出了一种利用铜球在铜管内循环滚动的古老计时仪器。因木制长方体的外观形同石碑而称为“碑漏”。这个古老的机械钟曾在唐、宋、金、元时期用于计时。南宋薛季宣著《浪语集》称碑漏的发明人是唐代僧人文诰。又据《元史·齐履谦传》中的记载：
“都城刻漏，旧以木为之，其形如碑，故曰‘碑漏’，内设曲筒，铸铜为丸，自碑首转行而下，鸣铙以为节。”
碑漏自元代以后已失传七百年，无实物留存。北京钟鼓楼文保所与苏州古代天文计时仪器研究所合作，历时一年复原成功。使失传的古代科技发明成功再现，为中国的科技发展史增添了新篇章[1]（图1）。
图1 北京鼓楼重置的碑漏（引自网络）
碑漏是木制的长方体，高2.2 m，宽1.4 m。内部安置13根铜管，自上而下按 “之” 字形排列（图2）。最上端设投球孔通向第一根铜管，管内储存多个铜球。铜球受机构控制在指定时刻依次落入下方铜管，经12根铜管曲折下滚，每根管内滚动时间为2 s，历时24 s后坠落，敲击铜铙发出清脆响亮声音报时。同时牵动机构使下一个球出发，两球之间相隔24 s。150个球滚完历时1 h，一昼夜需滚球3 600个。
图2 碑漏内部的铜管（引自网络）
各种计时仪器的运作均基于自激振动原理。碑漏也不例外，其恒定的能源来自重力，能量输入的调节由铜球在铜管内的运动实现。为具体分析此运动过程，设铜球的质量为m，半径为R，铜管相对水平轴的倾斜角为α，接触点的摩擦力为F（图3），列写沿铜管中心轴x的动量定理
图3 铜球在铜管内的受力图
均质球体的中心惯性矩为2mR2/5，设铜球的角速度为ω，列写其相对质心O的动量矩定理
设铜球相对铜管作无滑动的纯滚动，其质心速度v与角速度ω满足v =ωR约束条件。从式(1)和式(2)消去F和ω，导出铜球质心的加速度a= dv/dt =(5/7)gsinα，即重力加速度沿x轴分量的5/7倍。铜球自管端从零速度开始以匀加速度a向下滚动，设管长为l，到达末端x =l所费时间ts由x=at2/2导出，得到
可见滚动时间ts仅取决于铜管的长度和倾斜角，与铜球的质量和半径无关。任何不同材料和大小的实心球在管内滚完全程的时间均完全相同。从图片目测，取α = 7.5°，l= 1.5 m代入式（3），算出ts=1.8 s。考虑铜球在末端处发生撞击和落入下根铜管所需时间，增加0.2 s，则铜球在每根管内的滚动时间为2 s，与设计要求一致。
以铜球质心的坐标x和速度v= dx/dt组成相平面，作出铜球在管内运动的相轨迹。将速度为零的出发点作为相平面的原点。将dv/dt=g·sinα与dx/dt=v二式相除消去dt，化作vdv=(gsinα)dx，积分后得到相轨迹v2= (2gsinα)x为抛物线。在铜管末端x=l处，铜球与挡板相撞。若为完全塑性碰撞，则速度突变为零。成为自由落体落入下根管的起点。相点在A点沿与纵轴平行的直线向下与横轴相交于B点，沿横轴回到下根管的原点。然后周而复始，在下根管内再次出发，重复上述过程。将不同铜管内的运动合并为同一条相轨迹，即构成封闭的极限环，形成自激振动（图4）。铜球与挡板相撞落入下管的动作与释放新球滚入铜管的牵动机构起了能量调节器的作用。
图4 铜球运动在相平面内形成的极限环
无独有偶，曾在13世纪欧洲的“永动机” 发明热中出现过的一个典型的永动机设计，竟然与我们祖先创造的碑漏不谋而合[2]（图5）。这个机器将碑漏的“之”字形小球滚道改成沿一个圆轮的径向安装。处于上方位置的小球靠重力沿凹槽向下滚动，与末端的槽壁碰撞后停在下方，加大了与转轴的距离。圆轮因两边小球力臂的差异而形成推动圆轮旋转的动力。当小球转到另一侧时，重力又迫使小球滚动回到原位置，如此循环不止。若圆轮确能如发明者设想的那样旋转不停，小球的运动应具有与图4相同的相平面极限环。但小球在凹槽内滚动时的摩擦以及与圆轮的碰撞均不可避免产生能量耗散。圆轮必越转越慢直至静止，不可能实现永动。
图5 想象中的一种 “永动机”
据记载，有位16世纪的意大利教授对这种“永动机” 做了改进。他提出利用磁铁的吸力使下落后的小铁球沿凹槽向上滚动至原位，以补偿摩擦力的能量损耗，使机器实现永动。时至今日，这个 “磁永动机” 的设想仍吸引了不少业余发明家的兴趣，不少人自称已实验成功（图6）。实际上这类机器能不停旋转，是利用了永久磁铁吸力的推动，已不能称之为永动机，而是一种将磁能转换为机械能的装置。即使所设计的实验能维持较长时间运转，最终也会因磁性的损耗而趋于终止。
图6 “磁永动机”（引自网络）
这种 “磁永动机” 虽不是想象中的真正永动机，但因具有自激振动固有的定时性，也可以用来计时。只要当小球与圆盘碰撞时，如碑漏那样发出报时信息，就能形成与碑漏类似的机械钟了。In periodi di saldi può rivelarsi utile saper calcolare lo sconto conoscendo la percentuale. Ecco la formula da ricordare.Continua a leggere
"O studianti, studiate le matematiche, e non edificate sanza fondamenti."Leonardo Da Vinci.
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In recent years there has seen an increase in rates of STI’s like Syphilis and Chlamydia among Black MSM and particularly among those who are already HIV positive. However, the vast majority of literature addressing sexual health and MSM is focused on HIV/AIDS. While this focus remains crucial, the majority of MSM are not HIV positive, and require culturally competent sexual health and wellness services.
Your healthcare provider can offer you the best care if you discuss your sexual history openly. You should have a provider you are comfortable with Some STIs (like gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis) can be treated with medication. If you believe you are at risk for contracting HIV or other STIs please get tested. (insert link: http://sexualhealthontario.ca/find-a-clinic/)
- Homophobia, stigma, and discrimination can negatively influence the health of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.
- Certain behaviors such as not using condoms regularly and having anal sex increase the risk of HIV and STI’s.
- MSM who engage in anal sex, especially those who are HIV positive, are at risk for contracting HPV, which contributes to the development of anal cancer.
- Due to the focus on HIV, some MSM may not be aware that unprotected oral sex, which has a low risk of HIV transmission, can still be a source of other STIs, including syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and herpes.
- MSM are at greater risk for hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and the human papillomavirus (HPV)
- Use a condom correctly and use one every time you have sex.
- If you know your STI status you can take steps to protect yourself and your partners.
- Think twice about mixing alcohol and/or recreational drugs with sex. They can reduce your ability to make good decisions and can lead to risky behavior—like having sex without a condom.
- It is important to remember that you are at risk for the same or a new STI every time you have condomless sex.
- If you are diagnosed or fee that you are at risk, your partner should be tested and treated, too.
- If you are ever treated for an STI, be sure to finish all of your medicine, even if you feel better.
- That’s why you should be vaccinated against hepatitis A and hepatitis B. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is also recommended for men up to age 26.
Adapted from http://www.rainbowhealthontario.ca/admin/contentEngine/contentDocuments/Sexual_health.pdf8 Ways to Help Birds
by Val Cunningham
A brand-new year lies ahead, full of possibilities and opportunities. Here are some suggestions for ways to help the birds (and other flying things) that bring such beauty and joy to our lives.
1. For starters, let’s not accept a single incident of death or injury to birds through flying into our windows. This is not natural, birds hit glass because windows are invisible to them, so it’s our job to make the glass more visible. You needn’t add protection to every pane in your home, only those hit by a bird in the past, and/or the window that’s closest to your feeders. UV-reflecting window decals, nearly invisible to us but like neon signs to birds, do the job well (See them at wild bird supply stores or online).
2. Can’t stress this enough: Keep your cat indoors, because all cats that roam outdoors kill birds, hundreds of millions of them each year. If neighborhood cats use your yard, protect birds by placing fencing (at least 3-ft. high and in a wide circle) around the birdbath and underneath feeders. This protects birds when their attention is focused on bathing and feeding on the ground. And feel free to spray those unwelcome cats with the garden hose.
3. Begin viewing your backyard as a refuge for wildlife. Start small by planting some flowering native plants and maybe a native shrub. The following year, add a few more and you’ll soon be pleasantly surprised by the many new butterflies, bumble bees and solitary bees flitting from plant to plant and birds feeding on nature’ bounty—insect larvae and natural seeds and berries.
4. If you can, plant a tree, since trees are so vital for birds and we’re losing so many to disease. There are small trees (pagoda dogwood and serviceberry), medium-sized trees (river birch and blue beech) and big trees (hackberry and oak) to fit any situation. Native trees have high value to birds, who feed on caterpillars high in the canopy in the spring, nest in them in summer, and then enjoy the fruit or nuts when they ripen. Trees are a gift to ourselves and to future generations.
5. Let’s step up this bird-feeding business by keeping feeders clean and filled with seed. Check them after any rain- or snowstorm and toss out any wet seed to avoid disease. Wash feeders at least every couple months, so they don’t become sources of infection (scrub well, rinse in 1 part bleach/9 parts water, and rinse again thoroughly). A good tip: Maintain several small feeders, and replenish the seed each day, thereby insuring that it’s fresh.
6. Let’s vow to make this the year that we stop poisoning our landscapes. Seriously, broad-spectrum pesticides are lethal to insects, and this includes bees, butterflies and beneficials like lady beetles and praying mantis. Let nature take its course: bigger insects eat smaller ones, and birds consume insect larvae. Watch carefully to make sure you’re not buying plant stock that’s been “pre-poisoned” by a new class of insecticides known as neonicotinoids. These chemicals spread throughout a plant and have an adverse impact on honeybees, butterflies and even birds. Ask about this before you buy plants.
7. Give birds the gift of a reliable supply of water for bathing and drinking year ‘round by installing a heater in the winter months. Winter and summer, hose out the bath basin daily and enjoy the crowd of birds eager to refresh themselves.
8. Look beyond the backyard and join an organization dedicated to preserving the natural world, a list that includes the Audubon Society, the Sierra Club and Friends of the Mississippi. We need more voices speaking up for nature.
And how about volunteering at your local nature center, nearby state park or wildlife refuge to help introduce kids and others to the wonders of nature?
These are just some ideas for putting good intentions into practice in the coming year.
St. Paul, Minn., resident Val Cunningham, who leads bird hikes for the St. Paul Audubon Society and writes about nature for local, regional and national newspapers and magazines.When Cathy Margeson stops digging into old records and archive files – in the past year alone she’s made 14 trips to the [Maritime] Museum of the Atlantic in Halifax – she will have compiled a list of over 600 sailing ships that were built in Kings County, some dating back to the 1700s.
However, that research may never be completed. “There’s no deadline. It’s one of those projects that are ongoing and we’ll probably leave the file open,” Ms. Margeson said. “There will likely be other additions to the list in the future.”
As chairperson of the Kings Historical Society history committee, Ms. Margeson has been involved in many similar community projects. None have taken quite as much time as the sailing ship compilation, however. Ms. Margeson told me recently that she has been working on the project for at least a year. The file folder containing the results of her research is a good two inches thick and its size confirms what I’ve long heard about Kings County – that shipbuilding was once the area’s main industry.
Just over a century ago, in fact, Nova Scotia was the leading shipbuilding province in Canada and every seaside nook and cranny in Kings County literally hummed with the shipwright’s saw. “At Scots Bay, Hall’s Harbor, Baxter’s Harbor, Black Rock and French Cross (Morden) many vessels have been built, while at Canning and Kingsport there have been a great many more,” Eaton writes in the History of Kings County, giving 1790 as the date when the first sailing vessel was built.
Later historians would confirm Eaton’s estimate of Canning and Kingsport as important shipbuilding centers. At one time Kingsport was the site of one of the largest shipbuilding operations in Nova Scotia. In a 30-year-period Ebenezer Cox – touted as one of the “Maritime’s great master builder” – turned out at least 30 schooners and other sailing vessels averaging 1,000 tons each from his Kingsport yard.
In Canning, a monument marks the site of Ebenezer Bigelow’s shipyard. Eaton calls Ebenezer Bigelow the “first shipbuilder of importance… who began to build vessels in 1800.” The Bigelow yards were productive until the second decade of the 20th century, turning out many fine vessels that put Canning on the map.
To the Cox shipyard in Kingsport goes the honor of producing some of the largest sailing vessels in Canada, however. In 1890 a four-masted bark of 2,061 tons, the Kings County, was built in the Cox yard. The Kings County was one of only two four-masted schooners built in Canada. In 1891 Cox built the 2,137 ton Canada, one of the country’s largest square-rigged vessels.
During the era of sail, ships from Nova Scotia carried cargo around the world. Foremost among these merchant ships were vessels built in Kings County, not only in the Cox and
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un ve tamamen çözülmesine izin verin. Tableti ezmeyiniz veya parçalamayınız, vardenafil sıvı ile alınmamalıdır, oda sıcaklığında nem ve ısıdan uzakta muhafaza edilmelidir.
Avanafil (Stendra), sildenafil (Viagra) veya tadalafil (Cialis) gibi benzer etkili ilaçlarla birlikte vardenafil almayın, aldığınız diğer ilaçlar veya yiyeceklerle etkileşime girme potansiyeli olabilir. Bu arada greyfurt ürünleri kullanmaktan, alkol ve tütün içmekten kaçınmak, vardenafil yan etkilerinin bir kısmını artıracaktır. Vardenafi tableti bu ilaçlarla birlikte alabileceğiniz, vardenafi etkileşimlerini önlemeye yardımcı olabileceği zaman doktorunuz veya eczacınızla konuşmalısınız.
(3)Avanafil
Avanafil (Stendra), erkek erektil disfonksiyonu (ED) tedavi etmek için kullanılan başka bir PDE5 ilacıdır. Avanafil, sınıfındaki diğer ilaçlar gibi penise giden kan akışını artırarak çalışır, jenerik formu olmadan güvenli ve etkili bir ED tedavisidir. Tadalafil (Cialis) ve Sildenafil (Viagra)'dan farklı olarak, PDE5 için PDE6'ya göre hem sildenafil hem de vardenafilden daha fazla seçicilik gösterir, ancak tadalafilden daha az seçicilik gösterir. Avanafil, tek başına veya başka ilaçlarla birlikte kullanılabilir, ancak avanafil'in çocuklarda güvenli ve etkili olup olmadığı hala bilinmemektedir.
Birçok anekdot raporu, avanafilin piyasadaki en yeni FDA onaylı ED reçeteli ilaç olduğunu, aynı sınıftaki diğer ilaçlardan daha hızlı çalıştığını, sadece 15 dakika gibi kısa bir sürede çalıştığını gösteriyor. Avanafil, yemekle birlikte veya yemeksiz alınabilir, çok iyi tolere edilir, altı saate kadar sürebilir. Avanafil yan etkilerinin oranları, tüm PDE5 inhibitörlerinin en düşük oranları arasındadır. Ve bir marka ilaç olarak avanafil, avanafi fiyatı diğer cinsiyet arttırıcı ilaçlardan daha pahalı olacaktır. Erkek ED sorununu tedavi etmek için esas olarak oral formlarda (tabletler) görülür, avanafil tabletlerinin üç gücü vardır: 50 mg, 100 mg ve 200 mg. 50mg avanafil dozu alan erkekler için cinsel ilişkiden 30 dakika önce; 100 mg ve 200 mg avanafil dozu alan erkekler için, bu, cinsel ilişkiden sadece 15 dakika öncedir ve günde bir defadan daha sık avanafil almaz. Avanafil'in oda sıcaklığında, aşırı ısı ve nemden uzakta (banyoda değil) ve çocukların erişemeyeceği bir yerde saklanması gerekir.
Ayrıca avanafil'in farmakodinamik etkileşimleri de vardır, avanafi etkileşimlerinden ve avanafi yan etkilerinden kaçınmaya yardımcı olabilecek diğer reçeteli ve reçetesiz ilaçları, vitaminleri, besin takviyelerini ve bitkisel ürünleri almayı planlıyorsanız doktorunuz veya eczacınızla konuşmalısınız.
Dapoksetin hidroklorür (hcl), kısa etkili bir seçici serotonin geri alım inhibitörüdür (SSRI), başlangıçta Erken boşalma (PE) olan erkeklerin isteğe bağlı tedavisi için onaylanmıştır. Dapoksetin, serotonin taşıyıcısını inhibe ederek ve ardından serotoninin pre- ve postsinaptik reseptörlerdeki etkisini artırarak çalışır, beyaz bir toz maddedir ve suda çözünmez, vücutta hızla emilebilir, iyi tolere edilebilir, Erektil Disfonksiyon ve Boşalma Bozuklukları için oral bir ilaçtır. . Dapoksetin başlangıç dozu bir 30 mg tablettir, dapoksetin tabletini cinsel aktiviteden 1 ~ 3 saat önce alın, 60 hafta boyunca 4 hafta sonra 12 mg dapoksetin'e yükseltilebilir, önerilen maksimum ddapoksetin dozajı her 24 saatte birdir. Yaygın dapoksetin yan etkileri baş dönmesi, baş ağrısı ve mide bulantısını içerir. Başka ilaçlar alırken lütfen doktorunuza veya eczacınıza danışın ve dapoksetin ile birlikte alabildiğinizden emin olun, bu da diğer ilaçlarla dapoksetin etkileşimlerini önlemeye yardımcı olabilir.
(5) sildenafil
Sildenafil, erektil disfonksiyonun (ED) birinci basamak tedavisi için FDA onaylı ilk oral ilaçlardır, iyi bilinen bir PDE5 inhibitörüdür. Sildenafil, erkeğin ereksiyon olmasına ve ereksiyon halinde kalmasına yardımcı olmak için kan damarlarını ve düz kasları gevşeterek penise giden kan akışını artırarak çalışır. Ayrıca Sildenafil hem erkek hem de kadınlarda pulmoner arter hipertansiyonunu tedavi etmek için kullanılabilir, kan damarlarını gevşetmek için akciğerlerdeki PDE5 enzimi üzerinde çalışır, bu akciğerlere kan akışını arttırır ve kalbin iş yükünü azaltır. Sildenafil, jenerik ve marka versiyonları ile benzer ilaçlardan daha popülerdir. Viagra & Revatio, Sildenafil markası altında piyasaya satılacak, ağız yoluyla veya damar içine enjeksiyon yoluyla alınabilir, sildenafil dozaj formları bir tablet ve süspansiyon için toz halinde gelir. Başlangıç tipik olarak 20 dakika içindedir ve yaklaşık 2 saat sürebilir.
Erektil disfonksiyonu (ED) tedavi etmek için sildenafil kullanan çoğu hasta için önerilen sildenafil dozu 50 mg'dır, gerektiğinde sildenafil alınız, sildenafil'i cinsel aktiviteden en az 30 dakika önce alınız, ancak en fazla 4 saat, 1 saat öncesi en etkilidir. günde bir defadan fazla almayın. Etkinliğe ve toleransa bağlı olarak, sildenafil dozu önerilen maksimum sildenafil dozu 100 mg'a yükseltilebilir veya sildenafil 25 mg'a düşürülebilir, aç veya tokluk alınabilir. Ancak, sildenafil ile birlikte yüksek yağlı bir yemek, ilacın ne kadar hızlı çalışmaya başladığını geciktirebilir.
Içindekiler
Sildenafil (Viagra), Tadalafil (Cialis), Vardenafil (Levitra) ve Avanafil (Stendra), erkek Erektil Disfonksiyonunun (ED) tedavisi için en sık reçete edilen oral seks geliştirici ilaçlardır, penise kan akışını artırarak çalışırlar. PDE5 inhibitörleri olarak bilinen bir ilaç sınıfı. Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil ve Avanafil benzer şekillerde çalışır, sadece her ilacın biraz farklı bir kimyasal yapısı vardır, bu nedenle her ilacın etkisi küçük farklılıklar olacaktır, ancak iyi çalışırlar ve birkaç yan etkiye neden olurlar. .
Sildenafil vs Tadalafil (viagra vs Cialis)
Tadalafil ve sildenafil, erektil disfonksiyonu (ED) tedavi etmek için kullanılan en yaygın iki fosfodiesteraz 5 inhibitörüdür, her ikisi de sadece bir erkek cinsel olarak uyarıldığında çalışır, benzer etkinlik ve güvenlikle erkek cinsel güvenini önemli ölçüde artırabilir. Bununla birlikte, daha fazla erkek Tadalafil'i sildenafil'e tercih eder, çünkü daha uzun sürer, daha hızlı çalışır ve daha hafif yan etkilerle tadalafil, gıdalardan sildenafil kadar etkilenemez. Ve tam tersi, bazı erkekler kendilerine uygun olmayan tadalafil denedikten sonra sildenafil'i tercih ederler.
Sildenafil vs vardenafil (viagra vs levitra)
Vardenafil ve sildenafil ayrıca erkek erektil disfonksiyonunun (ED) tedavisi için endike olan PDE-5 inhibitörleridir. Vardenafil yapısal olarak sildenafile benzer, fosfodiesteraz-5'i inhibe etmede sildenafilden daha güçlü ve daha seçicidir. ED tedavisi için, vardenafil etkisi sildenafile benzer, her ikisi de dört ila altı saat sürebilir. Vardenafilin sildenafile göre tek avantajı, fosfodiesteraz-6'nın renk algısını değiştirmesini engellememesidir ve sildenafil bazen nadir görülen bir yan etki meydana getirir. Her iki ilaç da yemeklerle birlikte alınabilir, ancak Vardenafil yiyecek veya alkolden daha az etkilenme eğilimindedir. Ek olarak, bildirilen bazı inhibitör vardenafil, şeker hastalarında diğer erektil disfonksiyon ilaçlarından daha etkilidir.
Sildenafil vs avanafil (viagra vs stendra)
Sildenafil ve Avanafil, etkinlik açısından benzerdir, aynı PDE5 inhibitörleri ilacına aittir, her ikisi de iyi tolere edilir. Avanafil, ikinci nesil bir fosfodiesteraz tip 5 inhibitörüdür, jenerik form olmadan sadece marka adı olarak satılır, ben erektil disfonksiyonu (ED) tedavi etmek için piyasadaki en yeni seks geliştirici ilaçtır. Sildenafil ve Avanafil kısa etkili ED ilaçlarıdır, ancak Avanafil daha hızlı etki eder, yarılanma ömrü biraz daha uzundur, genellikle tüketildikten sonra 15 dakika içinde çalışır. Avanafil, şu anda piyasada bulunan en hızlı etkili erektil disfonksiyon tedavisi haline geldi. Sadece avanafil maliyeti diğer PDE5 inhibitörlerinden çok daha yüksek, ancak sildenafil çok daha popüler gibi görünüyor, belki sildenafil fiyatı daha düşük ve piyasada daha erken ortaya çıkıyor.
Tadalafil vs Avanafil (Cialis vs Stendra)
Tadalafil ve avanafil benzer şekilde çalışır, erkek erektil disfonksiyonu (ED) tedavi etmek için kullanılabilir, birçok benzer yan etkiye ve etkileşime sahiptir. Avanafil, 2012'de ABD FDA tarafından onaylandı ve iyi tolere edilen avanafil'in yarı ömrü tadalafil'in sadece üçte birine sahip olan piyasadaki dördüncü PDE5I oldu. Tadalafilden daha hızlı bir başlangıç ve daha kısa etki süresine sahiptir.
Tadalafil Vardenafil'e karşı (Cialis vs Levitra)
Tadalafil (Cialis) ve Vardenafil (Levitra), erektil disfonksiyonu (ED) tedavi etmek için FDA onaylıdır, aynı sınıf kimyasallardan gelirler, Tadalafil genişlemiş prostat tedavisinde kullanılan günlük bir ilaçtır, Vardenafil kesinlikle tedavi ilacı olarak kullanılır erektil disfonksiyon (ED) için. Ancak tadalafil, Vardenafil'den daha hızlı etki edebilir ve etkileriyle daha uzun süre dayanır, Tadalafil ve Vardenafil benzer yan etkilere ve etkileşimlere sahiptir, her iki ilaç da cinsel aktiviteden önce ihtiyaç duyulduğunda yemekle birlikte veya ayrı olarak kullanılabilir, sadece Vardenafil'in emilimi yüksek oranda etkilenebilir. Yağlı gıda alımı, Tadalafil'in emilimi gıdalardan etkilenmez.
|Vardenafil||Tadalafil|
|Uyuşturucu sınıfı||Fosfodiesteraz-5 (PDE5) inhibitörü||Fosfodiesteraz-5 (PDE5) inhibitörü|
|Durum||Marka ve Genel||Marka ve Genel|
|form||ağızdan tablet||ağızdan tablet|
|Standart dozaj||Bir doktor tarafından yönlendirildiği şekilde günde bir kez cinsel aktiviteden önce gerektiği gibi 5 ila 20 mg||Cinsel aktiviteden önce gerektiği gibi 5 ila 20 mg veya bir doktorun önerdiği şekilde günde bir kez 2.5 ila 5 mg|
|zaman sürer||elden en az 60 dakika önce.||seksten 30 dakika önce|
|Yan Etkileri||burun tıkanıklığı veya akıntısı, baş ağrısı, kızarma, mide rahatsızlığı, hazımsızlık ve sırt ağrısı||burun tıkanıklığı veya akıntısı, baş ağrısı, kızarma, mide rahatsızlığı, hazımsızlık ve sırt ağrısı|
|tipik tedavi||gerektiği kadar alınır, uzun süreli günlük kullanım olarak önerilmez||Gerektiğinde alındığında, bazı kişiler için günlük kullanım uygun olabilir.|
Sildenafil vs tadalafil vs vardenafil vs avanafil
Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Vardenafil ve Avanafil erektil disfonksiyonu (ED) tedavi etmeyecektir, ancak semptomlarından kurtulma sağlayabilirler. Cinsiyet artırıcı ilaçlarda herkesin vücudu farklı tepki verir, yan etkiler kişiden kişiye değişir, hangi ilacın sizin için en iyi olduğunu bilmenin tek yolu belki de deneme yanılma yoluyla. Veya yan etkileri izlemek ve erektil disfonksiyon (ED) tedavi seçeneğiniz için hangi ilacın en iyi olduğuna karar vermek için doğrudan bir doktor veya eczacı ile birlikte çalışırsınız.
|Erektil Disfonksiyon (ED) için Fosfodiesteraz-5 inhibitörleri|
|Ürün||sildenafil||Tadalafil||Vardenafil||Avanafil|
|Marka||Viagra||Cialis||Levitra||Stendra|
|Genel sürüm||Evet||Evet||Evet||Yok hayır|
|form||oral tablet veya sıvı süspansiyon||oral tablet||oral tablet||oral tablet|
|Tipik dozaj||25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg||2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg||5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg||50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg|
|SüreZaman||2 ~ 3hours||kadar 36 saat||4 ~ 5 saat||6 ~ 12 saat|
|Başlangıç(dakika)||30 ~ 60||15 ~ 30||30 ~ 60||15-30|
|Besinlerle gerçekleştirilen emilim||Evet (yüksek yağlı yiyecek)||Yok hayır||Evet (yüksek yağlı yiyecek)||Yok hayır|
|dozlanmış||ihyaç olduğu gibi||günlük veya hafta sonu||ihyaç olduğu gibi||ihyaç olduğu gibi|
|Depolama||25°C'de (77°F)||25°C'de (77°F)||25°C'de (77°F)||Oda sıcaklığı, 68°F ila 77°F (20°C ila 25°C) arasında|
İşte denedikten sonra Redditors'tan bazı geri bildirimler erkek ED'yi tedavi etmek için cinsiyet arttırıcı ilaçlar:
-Methhead_charizard
“PDE5 inhibitörleri sizi daha gergin yapmaz ve spontan ereksiyonları gerçekten indüklemez, kan akışını iyileştirir, böylece uyarıldığında ereksiyonlar daha kaliteli olur. Dolayısıyla, uyarılmak için pornoya İHTİYACINIZ varsa, bu gerçeği değiştirmezler. PE bağlamında, herkesin kan akışını en üst düzeye çıkarması için PDE5 inhibitörlerinin makul olacağını düşünüyorum. Yukarıda bahsedilen seçeneklerden herhangi biri bu bağlamda işe yarayabilir, ancak yine tercihim tadalafil”
-Bir_Gösterge
”Tadalafil'i yaklaşık 3 yıldır kullanıyorum. ve şimdi 63 yaşındayım. 20 mg'lık bir tadalafil tableti dörde böldüm (yaklaşık 5 mg) ve her 3 günde bir alıyorum. İstediğim zaman ereksiyon oluyorum ve kendimi harika hissediyorum. Bu kullanımın beni hayatımda hiç olmadığı kadar azgın yaptığına içtenlikle inandığımı söylemeliyim.”
—Northeastguyintx
“Vitaminlerimle birlikte her sabah 20 mg tadalafil alıyorum. 36 saatlik 1/2 kullanım ömrü ile 18 saate kadar sisteminizde kalır. Herhangi bir cinsel plandan bağımsız olarak günlük tadalafil almak benim için en iyisi. Hiçbir yan etkim yok ve her an gitmeye can atıyorum. Bu, spontan anlarda yardımcı olur. Doğru tadalafil dozunu bulduktan sonra rutin olarak her gün aynı saatte almanızı öneririm…”
—Jim_jonson
”Tadalafil daha sıkı, daha güvenilir bir ereksiyon olmama yardımcı oluyor. Daha sert olmanın, ereksiyonumla ilgili hissi ve endişeyi azalttığını ve bunun daha uzun sürmesine neden olduğunu buldum. köpek stilinde.”
—YalnızDeranger76
"İkisini de yaşadım ve sildenafil sitrat yerine tadalafil'i tercih ettim. Özellikle MDMA'yı yeniden kullanmayı planlıyorsanız, tadalafil çalışmaya devam eder. Sildenafil sitrat bana asit reflüsü de veriyor. Tadalafil de daha iyi çalışıyor gibi görünüyor. Daha iyi ereksiyonlar ve daha uzun”
—Key_dig_9315
”Tadalafil, vardenafilden daha iyidir, etkileri 36 saate kadar sürer, “hafta sonu hapı” olarak da bilinir, ancak vardenafil ve tadalafil etkisi sadece 5 saat sürer ve yüksek yağlı bir yemek yerseniz daha az etkilidir, ancak tad
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) is made from smoked plums, called wumei (烏梅). The plum juice is extracted by boiling smoked plums in water and sweetened with sugar to make suanmeitang. It ranges from light pinkish-orange to purplish black in colour and often has a smoky and slightly salty taste. It is traditionally flavoured with sweet osmanthus flowers, and is enjoyed chilled, usually in summer. The juice produced in Japan and Korea, made from green plums, tastes sweet and tangy, and is considered a refreshing drink, also often enjoyed in the summer. In Korea, maesil juice, which is marketed as a healthful tonic, is enjoying increasing popularity. It is commercially available in glass jars in sweetened, concentrated syrup form; it is reconstituted by stirring a small amount of syrup into a glass of water. The syrup may also be prepared at home by storing one part fresh plums in a container with one part sugar with no water.
Plum liquor, also known as plum wine, is popular in both Japan and Korea, and is also produced in China. Umeshu (梅酒; sometimes translated as "plum wine") is a Japanese alcoholic drink made by steeping green plums in shōchū (焼酎; clear liquor). It is sweet and smooth. A similar liquor in Korea, called maesil ju (매실주), is marketed under various brand names, including Mae Hwa Su, Mae Chui Soon, and Seol Joong Mae. Both the Japanese and Korean varieties of plum liquor are available with whole plum fruits contained in the bottle.
In China, plum wine is called meijiu (梅酒).
In Taiwan, a popular 1950s innovation over the Japanese-style plum wine is the wumeijiu (烏梅酒; smoked plum liquor), which is made by mixing P. mume liquor (梅酒; méijǐu), P. salicina liquor (李酒; lǐjǐu), and oolong tea liquor.
Pickled and preserved plums
In Chinese cuisine, plums pickled with vinegar and salt are called suanmeizi (酸梅子; sour plum fruits), and have an intensely sour and salty flavour. They are generally made from unripe plum fruits. Huamei (話梅) are Chinese preserved plums and refers to Chinese plums pickled in sugar, salt, and herbs. There are two general varieties: a dried variety, and a wet (pickled) variety.
Umeboshi (梅干) are pickled and dried plums. They are a Japanese specialty. Flavoured with salt, they are quite salty and sour, and therefore eaten sparingly. They are often red in colour when purple perilla leaves are used. Plums used for making umeboshi are harvested in late May or early June, while they are still green, and layered with salt. They are weighed down with a heavy stone (or some more modern implement) until late August. They are then dried in the sun on bamboo mats for several days (they are returned to the salt at night). The flavonoid pigment in perilla leaves gives them their distinctive colour and a richer flavour. Umeboshi are generally eaten with rice as part of a bento (boxed lunch), although they may also be used in makizushi (rolled sushi). Umeboshi are also used as a popular filling for rice balls (onigiri) wrapped in edible seaweed. Makizushi made with plums may be made with either umeboshi or bainiku (umeboshi paste), often in conjunction with green perilla leaves. A byproduct of umeboshi production is umeboshi vinegar, a salty, sour condiment.
A thick, sweet Chinese sauce called meijiang (梅醬) or meizijiang (梅子醬), usually translated as "plum sauce", is also made from the plums, along with other ingredients such as sugar, vinegar, salt, ginger, chili, and garlic. Similar to duck sauce, it is used as a condiment for various Chinese dishes, including poultry dishes and egg rolls.
Prunus mume is a common fruit in Asia and used in traditional Chinese medicine. It has long been used as a traditional drug and healthy food in East Asian countries. A recent study has indicated that Prunus mume extract is a potential candidate for developing an oral antimicrobial agent to control or prevent dental diseases associated with several oral pathogenic bacteria. Recent studies have also shown that Prunus mume extract may inhibit Helicobacter pylori, associated with gastritis and gastric ulcers. Experiments on rats suggest that P. mume extract administered during endurance exercise training may enhance the oxidative capacity of exercising skeletal muscle, and may induce the muscle to prefer fatty acids for its fuel use rather than amino acids or carbohydrates, thus assisting endurance.
Plum blossoms have been well loved and celebrated in mainland China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.
The plum blossom, which is known as the meihua (梅花), is one of the most beloved flowers in China and has been frequently depicted in Chinese art and poetry for centuries. The plum blossom is seen as a symbol of winter and a harbinger of spring. The blossoms are so beloved because they are viewed as blooming most vibrantly amidst the winter snow, exuding an ethereal elegance, while their fragrance is noticed to still subtly pervade the air at even the coldest times of the year. Therefore the plum blossom came to symbolize perseverance and hope, but also beauty, purity, and the transitoriness of life. In Confucianism, the plum blossom stands for the principles and values of virtue. More recently, it has also been used as a metaphor to symbolize revolutionary struggle since the turn of the 20th century.
Because it blossoms in the cold winter, the plum blossom is regarded as one of the "Three Friends of Winter", along with pine, and bamboo. The plum blossom is also regarded as one of the "Four Gentlemen" of flowers in Chinese art together with the orchid, chrysanthemum, and bamboo. It is one of the "Flowers of the Four Seasons", which consist of the orchid (spring), the lotus (summer), the chrysanthemum (autumn) and the plum blossom (winter). These groupings are seen repeatedly in the Chinese aesthetic of art, painting, literature, and garden design.
An example of the plum blossom's literary significance is found in the life and work of poet Lin Bu (林逋) of the Song Dynasty (960–1279). For much of his later life, Lin Bu lived in quiet reclusion on a cottage by West Lake in Hangzhou, China. According to stories, he loved plum blossoms and cranes so much that he considered the plum blossom of Solitary Hill at West Lake as his wife and the cranes of the lake as his children, thus he could live peacefully in solitude. One of his most famous poems is "Little Plum Blossom of Hill Garden" (山園小梅). The original Chinese text as well as a translation follows:
When everything has faded they alone shine forth,
encroaching on the charms of smaller gardens.
Their scattered shadows fall lightly on clear water,
their subtle scent pervades the moonlit dusk.
Snowbirds look again before they land,
butterflies would faint if they but knew.
Thankfully I can flirt in whispered verse,
I don't need a sounding board or winecup.
As with the literary culture amongst the educated of the time, Lin Bu's poems were discussed in several Song Dynasty era commentaries on poetry. Wang Junqing remarked after quoting the third and fourth line: "This is from Lin Hejing's [Lin Bu's] plum blossom poem. Yet these lines might just as well be applied to the flowering apricot, peach, or pear." -- a comparison of the flowers with the plum blossom to which the renowned Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo (蘇東坡) replied, "Well, yes, they might. But I'm afraid the flowers of those other trees wouldn't presume to accept such praise." Plum blossoms inspired many people of the era.
Legend has it that once on the 7th day of the 1st lunar month, while Princess Shouyang (壽陽公主), daughter of Emperor Wu of Liu Song (劉宋武帝), was resting under the eaves of Hanzhang Palace near the plum trees after wandering in the gardens, a plum blossom drifted down onto her fair face, leaving a floral imprint on her forehead that enhanced her beauty further. The court ladies were said to be so impressed that they started decorating their own foreheads with a small delicate plum blossom design. This is also the mythical origin of the floral fashion, meihua zhuang (梅花妝; literally "plum blossom makeup"), that originated in the Southern Dynasties (420–589) and became popular amongst ladies in the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) dynasties. Princess Shouyang is celebrated as the goddess of the plum blossom in Chinese culture.
During the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), the garden designer Ji Cheng (計成) wrote his definitive garden architecture monograph Yuanye and in it he described the plum tree as the "beautiful woman of the forest and moon". The appreciation of nature at night plays an important role in Chinese gardens, for this reason there are classical pavilions for the tradition of viewing plum blossoms by the moonlight. The flowers are viewed and enjoyed by many as annual plum blossom festivals take place in the blooming seasons of the meihua. The festivals take place throughout China (for example, West Lake in Hangzhou and scenic spots near Zijin Mountain in Nanjing amongst other places). Plum blossoms are often used as decoration during the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) and remain popular in the miniature gardening plants of the art penjing. Branches of plum blossoms are often arranged in porcelain or ceramic vases, such as the meiping (literally "plum vase"). These vases can hold single branches of plum blossoms and are traditionally used to display the blossoms in a home since the early Song Dynasty (960–1279).
The Moy Yat lineage of Wing Chun kung fu uses a red plum flower blossom as its symbol. The plum blossoms are featured on one of the four flowers that appear on mahjong tile sets, where mei (梅) is usually simply translated as "plum" in English.
The National Flower of the Republic of China was officially designated as the plum blossom (Prunus Mei; Chinese: 梅花) by the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China on July 21, 1964. The plum blossom is symbol for resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity during the harsh winter. The triple grouping of stamens (three stamens per petal) on the national emblem represents Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People, while the five petals symbolize the five branches of the government. It also serves as the logo of China Airlines, the national carrier of the Republic of China. The flower is featured on some New Taiwan Dollar coins.
In Korea, the plum blossom is a symbol for spring. It is a popular flower motif, amongst other flowers, for Korean embroidery. Maebyong are plum vases derived from the Chinese meiping and are traditionally used to hold branches of plum blossoms in Korea.
Plum (Ume) blossoms are often mentioned in Japanese poetry as a symbol of spring. When used in haiku or renga, they are a kigo or season word for early spring. The blossoms are associated with the Japanese Bush Warbler and depicted together on one of the twelve suits of hanafuda (Japanese playing cards). Plum blossoms were favored during the Nara period (710–794) until the emergence of the Heian period (794-1185) in which the cherry blossoms was preferred.
Japanese tradition holds that the ume functions as a protective charm against evil, so the ume is traditionally planted in the northeast of the garden, the direction from which evil is believed to come. The eating of the pickled fruit for breakfast is also supposed to stave off misfortune.
In Vietnam, due to the beauty of the tree and its flowers, the word mai is used to name girls. The largest hospital in Hanoi is named Bach Mai (white plum blossom), another hospital in Hanoi is named Mai Huong (the scent of plum), situated in Hong Mai (pink plum blossom) street. Hoang Mai (yellow plum blossom) is the name of a district in Hanoi. Bach Mai is also a long and old street in Hanoi. All these places are located in the south part of Hanoi, where, in the past, many P. mume trees were grown.
Due to its characteristics, beautiful flowers and a tall, slender tree, mai is used to describe the beauty of women in expressions such as "Mình hạc xương mai" - crane's body, plum's bones, and "Gầy như mai" - as slender as a plum tree.
Hồ Quý Ly wooed and won Princess Nhất Chi Mai of the Trần king after seeing a parallel couplet. Nhất Chi Mai is the name of the princess, but also means a branch of mai, implying a beautiful girl.
Thanh Thử điện tiền thiên thụ quế
Quảng Hàn cung lý Nhất Chi Mai.
Thanh Thu palace, thousands of cinnamon trees here
Quang Han palace, Nhat Chi Mai there.
Xuân khứ bách hoa lạc
Xuân đáo bách hoa khai
Sự trục nhãn tiền qúa
Lão tùng đầu thượng lai
Mạc vị xuân tàn hoa lạc tận
Đình tiền tạc dạ nhất chi mai
Spring goes, hundreds of flowers fall.
Spring comes, hundreds of flowers blossom.
In front of the eyes, everything goes on ever.
On the heads, showing the year of age soon comes.
Who can say when spring ends, all flowers fall down?
Last night, in front-yard, a branch of plum flower blossomed.
In this poem, nhất chi mai serves as a metaphor for hope.
|Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on|
|Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on|
- Rehder, A. 1940, reprinted 1977. Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in North America exclusive of the subtropical and warmer temperate regions. Macmillan publishing Co., Inc, New York.
- "Prunus mume (mume)". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.kew.org/plants-fungi/Prunus-mume.htm. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
- "Japanese apricot". WordNet by Princeton University. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Japanese+apricot. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
- Smith, Kim (2009). Oh garden of fresh possibilities!. New Hampshire: David R. Godine, Publisher. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-56792-330-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=RO6oOWxhA_gC.
- The Garden (Royal Horticultural Society) 112: 224. 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=VWNMAAAAYAAJ.
- Fang, J; Twito, T; Zhang, Z; Chao, CT (2006 Oct). "Genetic relationships among fruiting-mei (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) cultivars evaluated with AFLP and SNP markers.". Genome / National Research Council Canada = Genome / Conseil national de recherches Canada 49 (10): 1256–64. doi:10.1139/g06-097. PMID 17213907.
- Uematsu, Chiyomi; Sasakuma, Tetsuo; Ogihara, Yasunari (1991). "Phylogenetic relationships in the stone fruit group of Prunus as revealed by restriction fragment analysis of chloroplast DNA". The Japanese Journal of Genetics 66 (1): 60. http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjg/66/1/66_59/_article. "P. mume had its origin in South China around the Yangtze River (Kyotani, 1989b)."
- "Armeniaca mume in Flora of China". eFloras. Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis, MO) & Harvard University Herbaria (Cambridge, MA). http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010631. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- Wessel, Mark. "Prunus mume: A bridge between winter and spring.". http://wesselsgardenway.com/2011/03/24/prunus-mume-a-bridge-between-winter-and-spring/. Retrieved 21 August 2011.
- Herbert Edgar, Wright (1993). Global climates since the last glacial maximum. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-8166-2145-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=c93dGzg8vM8C.
- Kilpatrick, Jane (2007). Gifts from the Gardens of China. London: Frances Lincoln Ltd. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-7112-2630-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=dgsfa13J2OIC.
- Patricia Bjaaland Welch (2008). Chinese art: a guide to motifs and visual imagery. North Clarendon: Tuttle Publishing. pp. 38–9. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-3864-1|978-0-8018-3864-1]]. http://books.google.com/books?id=5sgO9BuZQSEC.
- Yamaguchi, Y., ed.: "Kurashi no kotoba: Gogen Jiten", page 103. Kodansha, 1998
- "梅和梅的品种". Virtual Science Museum of China. Chinese Academy of Sciences. http://www.kepu.cn/gb/lives/plantae/html/75.htm. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
- Khan, Ikhlas A.; Abourashed, Ehab A. (2008). Leung's encyclopedia of common natural ingredients: used in food, drugs, and cosmetics (3rd ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-46743-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=z8rZzaHOrZsC.
- Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation - Department of Liquor 烏梅酒
- Seneviratne, CJ; Wong, RW; Hägg, U; Chen, Y; Herath, TD; Samaranayake, PL; Kao, R (2011 Jul). "Prunus mume extract exhibits antimicrobial activity against pathogenic oral bacteria.". International journal of paediatric dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [
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Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM) Conference, July 2005Google Scholar
- Chaitin, Gregory, “The Limits of Reason”, Scientific American, March 2006Google Scholar
- Darley, Vince, “Emergent Phenomena and Complexity”, 1994 Artificial Life IV, Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, Sante Fe, New MexicoGoogle Scholar
- Dugdale, Julie “An Evaluation of Seven Software Simulation Tools for Use in the Social Sciences” GRIC-IRIT, Toulouse, France, http://www.irit.fr/COSI/training/evaluationoftools/Evaluation-Of-Simulation-Tools.htm.
- Ierymenko, Adam, “What is Emergence?”, http://www.greythumb.org
- Johnson, Steven, Emergence. New York, NY. Simon & Schuster, (2001).Google Scholar
- Lohipedia, http://www.logipedia.com/article/show/21299
- Railsback, Steven, Lytinen, Steven, Jackson, Stephen, “Agent-based Simulation Platforms: Review and Development Recommendations”, forthcoming Simulation http://www.humboldt.edu/ ecomodel/documents/ABMPlatformReview.pdf
- Waldrop, Mitchell M., Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos Simon & Schuster; 1st edition (January 15, 1992)Google ScholarAn average household has many items that need regular electric current to function. Others, like laptops, tablets, and mobile phones, require periodic recharges. It is hard to imagine life without these devices.
All these devices have an electric cable as their common element. The more devices there are, the greater the number of cables. A bunch of dusty, tangled wires can make a rather ugly sight. If you're not careful, they can cause injury and lead to you falling over them. Wireless charger hidden is a blessing. It can be used to charge multiple devices and operate them all at once.
It is well-known that electromagnetic fields can be used to transfer energy between objects close together, even without the need for connecting them through wires. An electromagnetic field is created around an electric wire when an electric current passes through it.
Instead of using straight wires, you can amplify the magnetic field by using a coil-shaped wire. The magnetic field inducing a current in the secondary coil can be achieved by positioning another coil near the primary coil. This is the basic principle of wireless chargers. The energy is transmitted to a primary coil.
The electromagnetic field that is created by the charging process induces a current in the secondary coil, which then charges the device. Wireless charging is also known as "inductive charging".خروج 15:22-27 PCB
موسی قوم اسرائیل را از دریای سرخ حرکت داد و به طرف صحرای شور هدایت کرد. ولی در آن صحرا پس از سه روز راهپیمایی، قطرهای آب نیافتند. سپس آنها به ماره رسیدند، ولی از آب آنجا نیز نتوانستند بنوشند، چون تلخ بود. (از این جهت آن مکان را ماره یعنی «تلخ» نامیدند.) پس مردم غرغرکنان به موسی گفتند: «ما تشنهایم؛ چه بنوشیم؟»
موسی نزد خداوند دعا کرد و خداوند چوبی به او نشان داد و فرمود: «این چوب را در آب ماره بینداز تا آن را شیرین کند.» موسی چنین کرد و آب، شیرین شد.
در ماره، خداوند دستورهایی به قوم اسرائیل داد تا اطاعت آنها را آزمایش کرده باشد. او فرمود: «اگر دستورها و احکام مرا که خداوند، خدای شما هستم اطاعت کنید و آنچه را که در نظر من پسندیده است بجا آورید، از تمام بیماریهایی که مصریها را بدان دچار ساختم در امان خواهید ماند، زیرا من، خداوند، شفا دهندهٔ شما هستم.»
سپس بنیاسرائیل به ایلیم آمدند. در آنجا دوازده چشمه و هفتاد درخت خرما بود؛ پس در کنار چشمهها اردو زدند.
PCB: کتاب مقدس، ترجمۀ معاصرLast week we promised to explore the Green Revolution.
The term “Green Revolution” was coined in the 1960s to highlight a particularly striking breakthrough in yields, which is the traditional way to measure agricultural performance – in tonnes per hectare, bushels per acre or whatever. Farmers have been trying to improve yields by improving seeds through experimentation since the beginning of time – they’d keep seeds from the biggest, highest, most vigorous plants to sow the next spring. These seeds are the product of thousands of years of experimental plant breeding by millions of farmers across the world. The crops that humanity has painstakingly bred (sometimes from wild plants) are the kernels of our civilization.
The Green Revolution is a term used to describe a tremendous boom in agricultural productivity based on high-yielding varieties (HYV’s) of crops (beginning with wheat, but also including rice and corn) which were developed in the 1940’s. With a big boost from the International Agricultural Research Centers created by the Rockefeller and Ford Foundations, the “miracle” seeds of high yielding varieties quickly spread around the world. By the 1970s, the term “revolution” was well deserved, for the new seeds – accompanied by chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and, for the most part, irrigation – had replaced the traditional farming practices of millions of Third World farmers as well as those in the United States.
Much of the reason why these “high yielding varieties” produced more than traditional varieties was that they were more responsive to petrochemical fertilizers. To produce their high yields, the new seeds required far more fertilizer than traditional varieties could absorb. Fertilizer – inducing a demand for it, supplying it, teaching farmers to use it and putting it to work – is one key to the Green Revolution. In fact, some people say the term “high-yielding varieties” is a misnomer, because it implies that the new seeds are high yielding of themselves. The distinguishing feature of the seeds, however, is that they are highly responsive to certain key inputs such as fertilizers and irrigation water. They say the term “high responsive varieties” is more appropriate.
There is yet another aspect of the Green Revolution which tied agriculture to the petrochemical industry: by developing high yield varieties of crops, farmers chose to grow these seeds only – so only a few species of (for example) rice were grown. In India for example there were about 30,000 rice varieties prior to the Green Revolution, today there are around ten – all the most productive types. By having this homogeneity the crops were more prone to disease and pests because there were not enough varieties to fight them off. In addition, because of their narrow genetic base, they’re inherently more susceptible to pests, so monocropping provides a large and often permanent niche for pests, turning minor diseases into epidemics. In order to protect these new varieties, more pesticides and insecticides were used, so pesticide use grew as well. During 1970 – 1990, global pesticide use more than doubled, from 1.3 to 2.9 million tons per year.
Thus agriculture became inextricably tied to the petrochemical industry, because these new seeds wouldn’t grow well without petroleum-based fertilizers – and they also required additional labor. These inputs increased farmers costs: the high yields of IR-8 (a new rice seed) was four times as costly to grow as ordinary rice because of the fertilizers, pesticides and additional labor required.
Irrigation also played a large role in the Green Revolution. It changed the areas where various crops can be grown: For instance before the Green Revolution, agriculture was severely limited to areas with a significant amount of rainfall, but by using irrigation, water could be stored and sent to drier areas, putting more land into agricultural production – thus increasing nationwide crop yields.
The basis of the Green Revolution is the belief that technology increases output. But while agricultural output increased dramatically as a result of the Green Revolution, the energy input to produce a crop increased even faster. The Green Revolution has increased energy inputs in agriculture to levels around 50 times those of traditional agriculture. To give you an idea of how energy intensive modern agriculture has become, to produce one kilogram of nitrogen for fertilizer requires the energy equivalent of 1.4 to 1.8 liters of diesel fuel. This equates to the energy content of 15.3 billion liters of diesel fuel, or 96.2 million barrels.(6)
Yet the energy inputs have continued to increase without a corresponding increase in crop yields – so modern agriculture must continue to increase its energy expenditures simply to maintain current crop yields. And what will we do when the oil runs out?
What has the Green Revolution accomplished? Nobody denies it was a screaming success in terms of yields: over a twenty-year period between 1970 and 1990, average yields of corn, rice and wheat more than doubled; as a consequence there was an 11% increase (on average) in food per person because of these increased crop yields.
Today, though, the miracle of the green revolution seems to be over: Disturbingly, for the first time since the Green Revolutionm, crop yields are growing more slowly than population – in other words, growth in population and demand for food have both slowed down, but crop yields have slowed even more. Between 1961 and 1990, wheat yields were growing by about 3% per year. From 1990 to 2007, wheat yields grew by only 0.5%. In Central Luzon, Philippines, rice yields grew steadily during the 1970s, peaked in the early 1980s, and have been dropping gradually ever since. Long-term experiments conducted by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in both Central Luzon and Laguna Province confirm these results. Similar patterns have now been observed for rice-wheat systems in India and Nepal. In West Java, a 23 percent yield increase was virtually canceled by 65 and 69 percent increases in fertilizers and pesticides respectively.
In the Punjab, the crowning success of the Green Revolution, yield growth has essentially flattened since the mid-1990s. Over-irrigation has led to steep drops in the water table, now tapped by 1.3 million tube wells, while thousands of hectares of productive land have been lost to salinization and waterlogged soils. Forty years of intensive irrigation, fertilization, and pesticides have not been kind to the loamy gray fields of Punjab. Nor, in some cases, to the people themselves: so many people now take the train from the Malwa region in India to the cancer hospital in Bikaner that it’s now called the Cancer Express. Daniel Pepper, writing in US News and World Report , reported on the toxic consequences of the Green Revolution among Indian farmers, to read it click here.
One additional aspect of the Green Revolution was brought to life in the blog by Josh Viertel, President of Slow Food USA, in which he states a false premise taken for fact by proponents of a new Green Revolution :
A year ago I sat in a room at the Earth Institute at Columbia surrounded by executives from big food companies. One of them, I believe from Unilever, clicked to a slide that read “The solution to global hunger is to turn malnutrition into a market opportunity.” The audience—global development practitioners and academics and other executives—nodded and dutifully wrote it down in their notebooks; I shuddered. The experience stayed with me and I haven’t gotten over it. Last month, I had a flashback.
On a Tuesday evening I sat in a room on the 44th floor of a building in the financial district of lower Manhattan with representatives from General Mills, Monsanto, Dean Foods, Deutsche Bank, and the Rainforest Alliance. We were there to speak to institutional investors—the hedge fund managers, bankers, and others who invest in big food companies—about sustainability and food. In particular, we were there to talk about how sustainability and hunger issues may give these companies both exposure to risk and access to opportunity.
It was not your average sustainable food panel discussion. Reflecting back on it, three things jump out at me. The first was a false premise that is taken for fact. The false premise:
Both Deutsche Bank and Monsanto made it clear that they are basing their business strategy on answering a simple question: How will we feed the world in 2050, when the population reaches over 9 billion and global warming puts massive strains on our resources?
The answer for Deutsche Bank: increase yields by investing in industrial agriculture in the developing world, with an emphasis on technology; put lots of capital into rural land to shift subsistence and local market agricultures to commodity export agriculture.
The answer for Monsanto: increase yields by decreasing resource dependence using genetically modified crops.
Sounds good on paper, but Josh Viertel says it’s based on a false premise. What is the false premise? Tune in next week.
“Lessons from the Green Revolution”, Food First, http://www.foodfirst.org/media/opeds/2000/4-greenrev.html
Fenderson, Adam, “The Read Green Revolution”, New Matilda//Energy Bulletin, July 26, 2006
(6) Pfeiffer, Dale Allen, “Eating Fossil Fuels”, from The Wilderness Publications, http://www.copvcia.com.
Rosset, “Lessons From the Green Revolution, March/April 2000 http://www.soc.iastate.edu/sapp/greenrevolution.pdf
Bourne, Joel K. Jr., “The Global Food Crisis: The End of Plenty”, National Geographic, June 2009.Nome ufficiale
Introduzione / Storia / Curiosità
Il capostipite di questa razza è un gatto dall’insolito mantello riccio che viveva vicino alla casa della signora Cox, a Buckfastleigh, nel Devonshire (Inghilterra). Nel 1960 il gatto si accoppiò con una gatta domestica e nacquero dei gattini dal pelo simile a quello del padre. La proprietaria, sapendo dell’esistenza del Cornish Rex, si mise in contatto con una allevatrice di questa razza e iniziarono un programma di allevamento che ebbe però risultati deludenti: dall’accoppiamento si ottenevano solo gattini dal pelo normale. Si iniziò allora l’allevamento di una nuova razza che prese il nome dalla contea di provenienza del capostipite.
Il Devon Rex venne incrociato con Burmesi, Siamesi e British per allontanare la possibilità di trasmettere un tipo di distrofia muscolare molto rara. Questa razza fu riconosciuta nel Regno Unito nel 1967, qualche tempo dopo in America poi in tutto il mondo.
Caratteristiche
- Dimensione: Medio
- Pelo: Corto
- Occhi: Grandi
Valutazione
- D'accordo con gatti:
- D'accordo con cani:
Valori
- Peso maschio: da 3 a 4 Kg
- Peso femmina: da 3 a 3 Kg
Aspetto / Fisico del gatto Devon Rex
Di medie dimensioni, il Devon Rex ha un corpo solido e muscoloso. La testa è triangolare con zigomi prominenti e il profilo marcatamente curvo. Le orecchie sono molto grandi, posizionate in basso con punte leggermente arrotondate. Gli occhi grandi e ovali possono essere blu, gialli o verdi. Le zampe sono piuttosto lunghe e sottili con piedi piccoli e ovali. La coda è lunga e parte da una base sottile.
Mantello / Colore
Il mantello di questa razza è corto e possiede la caratteristica di essere ondulato così come anche i baffi e le sopracciglia. Il pelo non è praticamente soggetto a muta ed è un po’ più ruvido di quello dei Cornish Rex anche se resta comunque piuttosto morbido al tatto. Sono ammessi tutti i colori, ma i più comuni sono: il nero, il blu (con macchie bianche o senza) e il bianco con tigrature o senza. La varietà Siamese (Si-Rex) è più rara e ha gli occhi blu.
Carattere della razza Devon Rex
Il Devon Rex è molto curioso ed è attratto da tutto ciò che è nuovo; intelligente e affettuoso, ama giocare con il proprietario. È vivace e attivo anche in età avanzata, adora stare in mezzo alla gente, se viene lasciato solo può diventare distruttivo e si annoia facilmente. Può essere portato al guinzaglio. È un gatto che ha un po’ perso l’istinto felino, ama la vita sedentaria e cerca molto il contatto fisico con gli umani. È freddoloso e gli piace stare tra le coperte, vicino a stufe o al termosifone.
Alimentazione
Cure per il gatto Devon Rex
Ha una temperatura corporea molto alta, perciò deve mangiare molto e spesso (alcuni mangiano ogni tre ore). Vanno protetti dal freddo perché hanno un pelo molto corto e il pelo va pulito una volta alla settimana con un panno umido. Le orecchie vanno spuntate regolarmente.
Adatto / consigliato a
È adatto a persone sole l’importante è che non venga lasciato solo a lungo perché soffre di solitudine. Va d’accordo con gli altri animali domestici e con i bambini, perciò è perfetto per famiglie numerose e per la vita in appartamento."Politics" adlı internet sitesinde yer alan habere göre, Duterte, ABD yönetiminin, göreve geldiği 30 Haziran'dan bu yana izlediği politikalar karşısında sergilediği tavrı eleştirerek "Sağdan soldan herkes saldırıyor. ABD’yi dostumuz zannediyordum. Ancak ABD yönetimi politikalarımızı incelemeksizin bizi eleştiriyor." ifadelerini kullandı.
ABD'nin, özellikle de Başkan Barack Obama yönetiminin, Filipinler halkını her seferinde yargılamasını hazmedemediğini belirten Duterte, Filipinler halkına "Ben, Filipinler devletini temsil ediyorum. Filipinler halkına hakaret ettiğinizde ya da dünya kamuoyu önünde beni kınadığınızda aslında halkımı çarmıha germiş oluyorsunuz." dedi.
Laos'ta düzenlenen Güneydoğu Asya Ülkeler Birliği (ASEAN) zirvesi sırasında ABD Başkanı Barack Obama ile görüşmesi planlanan Duterte, bir gazetecinin görüşme sırasında uyuşturucuyla mücadele konusunda gelebilecek olası eleştirilere nasıl cevap vereceği sorusu üzerine, ABD ve Obama'yı hakarete varan sözlerle eleştirerek kimsenin kendisinden uyuşturucuyla mücadele konusunda hesap soramayacağını dile getirmişti. Bu açıklamalar üzerine görüşme iptal edilmiş, Duterte de iptalden dolayı "üzgün" olduğunu belirtmiş ancak özür dilememişti.Molti si chiedono se il latte fa male alla salute.
Una domanda difficile a cui rispondere perché, stando a quanto afferma il dottor Franco Berrino dell’Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, gli studi su latte e tumori “sono molto
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…» (کلینی، ۱۴۰۷ق، ج۳،ص۵۳۳). شیخ صدوق، اصل این توضیح را از سعد بن عبد الله بن أبی خلف می داند (ابن بابویه، ۱۴۰۳ق، ص۳۲۸).
۲-۶. تبیین حدیث با بهره گیری از علم کلام
کلینی در مواردی از احادیث اصول کافی در صفات ذات و صفات فعل و شناخت خدا و توحید و دفع شبهات ثنویه بیان های فلسفی و کلامی را آورده است. این بیانات، ناظر به مسائل محوری آن دوره در منازعات فرق و مذاهب بوده، کلینی در مقدمه ارزشمندی که بر کتاب کافی خود نگاشته به خوبی از فضای تاریخی عصر خود و ارتباط آن با انگیزه های وی در تدوین کتاب پرده برداشته است. در تاریخ اسلام، شهر ری یکی از محل های وجود مذاهب و فرق و جریان های فکری متعدد بود تا به زمان کلینی رسید و کلینی با توجه به اوضاع زمانه خود در طول سالیانی، کتاب کافی را تألیف کرد و به مشکلات عصر خود جواب های کافی داد (کلینی، ۱۴۲۹ق، ج۱، ص۱۹). از آغاز قرن دوم به تدریج با پیدایش مجموعه منازعات کلامی، فقهی و… تمایزهایی میان دیدگاه های مختلف پدید آمده که به شکل گیری فرق و مذاهب اسلامی می انجامد روند روز افزون واگرایی در قالب ظهور مستمر فرقه ها در قرن سوم، سرعت و شدت فوق العاده ای به خود می گیرد. افزون بر این ها، انشعاب های داخلی شیعه در دوره پایانی عصر حضور و نیز ابهام ها و درگیری های پدید آمده در دوره موسوم به غیبت صغرا برلزوم و اهمیت توجه نسبت به این مسئله نزد هر دانشمند شیعی می افزود. بنابراین توجه به آرای کلینی در مسائل کلامی با توجه به شروحی که به روایات اعتقادی می نویسد درخور توجه است.
۲-۶-۱. خداشناسی
کلینی در کتاب التوحید ذیل باب «بَابُ أَنَّهُ لَا یعْرَفُ إِلَّا بِه» که بیانگر این است که خداوند جز به خودش شناخته نمی شود پس از ذکر روایتی از امیرمؤمنان علی (ع) که « اعرِفُوا اللَّه باللَّهِ وَ الرَّسُولَ بِالرِّسَالَةِ وَ أُولِی الْأَمْرِ بِالْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ الْعَدْلِ وَ الْإِحْسَانِ» به توضیح این روایت می پردازد و در شرح آن می نویسد:
«معنی سخن حضرت که «خدا را بخدا بشناسید» این است که خدا اشخاص و انوار و جواهر و اعیان را خلق فرمود، اعیان پیکرها و جواهر روح هاست و خدای عز و جل شباهتی با جسم و روح ندارد هیچ کس را در آفریدن روح حساس دراک دستور و وسیله ای نبوده، خدا در خلقت ارواح و اجسام یکتا بوده است، پس چون کسی شباهت خدا را با موجودات جسمانی و روحانی از میان برد خدا را بخدا شناخته و چون او را به روح یا جسم یا نور تشبیه کند خدا را به خدا نشناخته است» (کلینی، ۱۴۰۷ق، ج۱، ص۸۵).
صدوق نیز در کتابِ توحید، ذیل باب«أنه عز و جل لا یعرف إلا به» در حدیثی از محمد بن عمران دقّاق به نقل از محمد بن یعقوب، به ذکر شرح کلینی می پردازد (ابن بابویه، ۱۳۹۸ق، ص۲۸۸). اما فیض کاشانی توضیح کلینی در مورد این روایت را دارای ابهام و اجمال می داند و به اعتقاد او، کلینی حق توضیح را ادا نکرده است (فیض کاشانی، ۱۴۰۶ق، ج۱، ص۳۳۸).
۲-۶-۲. صفات ذات و صفات فعل
کلینی در انتهای باب «بَابُ الْإِرَادَةِ انّها مِنْ صِفَاتِ الْفعْلِ وَ سائِرِ صِفَاتِ الْفِعْل» بعد از ذکر روایاتی در مورد اراده الهی و سایر صفات فعل الهی به توضیح در مورد صفات ذات و صفات فعل تحت عنوان «جُمْلَةُ الْقوْلِ فی صفَاتِ الذَّاتِ وَ صِفَاتِ الْفِعْل» می پردازد.
سخن کلینی در شرح روایت چنین است:
«هر دو صفتی که بتوانی خدا را بآنها توصیف کنی و هر دو وجود داشته باشد صفت فعل خدایند، توضیح این جمله مختصر اینست که تو در جهان هستی ثابت میکنی چیزی را که می خواهد و چیزی را که نمی خواهد و چیزی که خشنودش کند و چیزی که به خشمش آرد و چیزی که دوست دارد و چیزی که مبغوض دارد زیرا اگر اراده مانند علم و قدرت از صفات ذات باشد «ما لا یرید» آنچه خدا اراده ندارد ناقض این قول می باشد و نیز اگر آنچه دوست دارد از صفات ذات باشد، آنچه مبغوض دارد ناقض آن خواهد بود، مگر نمی بینی که ما در عالم وجود آنچه را خدا نداند و آنچه را خدا بر آن قدرت ندارد نمی یابیم، همچنین است تمام صفات ذات ازلی او که ما نمی توانیم خدا را به قدرت و عجز و ذلت وصف کنیم ولی جایز است بگوئیم: اطاعت کننده اش را دوست دارد و نافرمانش را مبغوض شمارد اطاعت کننده را یاری کند و با نافرمان دشمنی کند و خدا خشنود شود و خشم کند، در دعا گفته می شود: خدایا از من راضی باش و بر من خشم مکن مرا یاری کن و با من دشمنی مکن و جایز نیست گفته شود: می تواند بداند، و نمی تواند نداند می تواند سلطان باشد و نمی تواند سلطان نباشد، می تواند عزیز و حکیم باشد و نمی تواند عزیز و حکیم نباشد، می تواند جواد باشد و نمی تواند جواد نباشد، می تواند آمرزنده باشد و نمی تواند آمرزنده نباشد، و نیز جایز نیست گفته شود: اراده کرد پروردگار، قدیم، عزیز، حکیم، مالک عالم و قادر باشد زیرا اینها صفات ذاتند و اراده صفت فعل، مگر نمی بینی که گفته می شود: خدا این را خواست و این را نخواست در صورتی که در برابر هر صفت ذات ضد آن صفت از خدا نفی می شود: گفته می شود: حی، عالم، سمیع، بصیر، عزیز، حکیم، غنی، ملک، حلیم: عدل، کریم. و جهل ضد علم است، عجز ضد قدرت، موت ضد حیات، ذلت ضد عزت، خطا ضد حکمت، عجله و جهل ضد حلم، ظلم و جور ضد عدل» (کلینی، ۱۴۰۷ ق، ج۱، صص۱۱۱-۱۱۲).
اما در اینکه این توضیحات، تتمّه ی روایت است یا توضیح کلینی اختلاف است. ملاصالح مازندرانی می نویسد: «علما در مورد اینکه این جمله و تفسیرش کلام مصنّف است یا ادامه حدیث اختلاف نظر دارند. بعضی از علما با توجه به سیاق جمله، معتقدند که ادامه حدیث است اما مانعی نیست که جزو کلام مصنّف باشد. به اعتقاد محقق داماد (میرداماد، ۱۴۰۳ق، ص۲۵۲)، و امین استرآبادی (استرآبادی، ۱۴۳۰، ص۱۱۸)، این جملات، از کلام مصنف است. همچنین، احادیث این باب در کتاب توحید صدوق نیز ذکر شده است و این توضیحات در آن نمی باشد»(ملاصالح مازندارانی، ۱۳۸۲ق، ج۳؛ مجذوب تبریزی، ۱۴۲۹ق، ج۲، ص۲۰۰).
مجلسی در مورد این توضیح می نویسد:
«این تحقیق از جانب مصنّف است و جزو تتمه روایت نمی باشد و غرض او بیان فرق بین صفات فعل و ذات است» (مجلسی، ۱۴۰۴ق، ج۶، ص ۲۲).
۲-۶-۳. دفع شبهات ثنویه
در کتاب التوحید کافی ذیل باب «جوامع التوحید» حدیثی را از امام صادق (ع) نقل می کند که امیرمؤمنان (ع) برای مرتبه دوم مردم را به جنگ معاویه برانگیخت و چون مردم جمع شدند به سخنرانی برخاست و پس از حمد و ثنای الهی، خطبه ای طولانی در توحید الهی وصفات خداوند ایراد کرد. کلینی پس از ذکر این روایت، شرحی بر این خطبه می نویسد و در ذیل آن به دفع شبهه ثنویون در مورد حدوث عالم می پردازد و یادآور می شود که این خطبه از خطبه های مشهور آن حضرت است و از زیادی شهرت، عامه مردم آن را کوچک شمرده اند در صورتی که همین خطبه برای کسی که جویای علم توحید می باشد کافی است اگر در آن بیندیشد و آن را بفهمد، زیرا اگر تمام جن و انس جز پیغمبران هم زبان شوند که توحید را مانند آنچه آن حضرت- پدر و مادرم فدایش- فرموده بیان کنند نتوانند و اگر بیان آن حضرت (ع) نبود مردم نمی دانستند چگونه در راه توحید قدم بردارند. مگر نظر نمی کنی که می فرماید: او از چیزی بود نشده و آنچه بوده از چیزی نیافریده که با گفته «او از چیزی بود نشده» معنی حدوث و پدید شدن خدا را نفی کرده و نمی بینی که چگونه بر آنچه خدا پدید آورده صفت آفریدگی و اختراع بدون ماده و نمونه ثابت کرده است تا گفته کسانی را که گویند هر چیزی از چیز دیگر پدید آمده نفی کند و گفتار ثنویه را که معتقداند خدا چیزی را بی ماده نیافریده و بدون نقشه گیری ایجاد نکرده باطل کند، آن حضرت با جمله «و آنچه بوده از چیزی نیافریده» تمام ادله و اشکالات ثنویه را رد کرده، زیرا مهمتر دلیلی که ثنویه در حدوث عالم بآن تکیه دارند این است که می گویند: از این بیرون نیست که خدا چیزها را یا از چیزی آفریده و یا از هیچ، از چیزی آفریدن را که قبول ندارید و باطل دانید و از هیچ آفریدن هم تناقض و محالست زیرا کلمه «من» چیزی را ثابت میکند و کلمه «لا شی ء» آن را نفی می کند ولی امیرالمؤمنین (ع) این کلمه را به رساترین و درست ترین تعبیر ادا نموده و فرموده است «آنچه بوده از چیزی نیافریده»، «مِن» را که دلالت بر اثبات چیزی می کند برداشته و چیزی را هم نفی کرده، زیرا آنچه را خدا آفریده و پدید آورده از مایه و ماده نیافریده است چنان که ثنویه گویند خدا چیزها را از ماده ای قدیم آفریده و تدبیر چیزی بدون نقشه گیری ممکن نیست، سپس این جمله آن حضرت (ع) را ملاحظه کن که می فرماید «برای او وصفی نیست که توان بدان رسید و حدی که برایش آورند نباشد، آرایش لغت ها از توصیفش ناتوان است» با این جمله گفته مشبّهه را باطل کرده است که گویند خدا مانند شمش و بلور است و گفته های دیگری که درازی قامت و جایگزینی برایش ثابت کنند و نیز آنچه گویند که تا دل ها کیفیتی از او درک نکنند و هیئتی ثابت نشود، چیزی تعقل نکنند و صانعی ثابت نشود؟ امیرالمؤمنین (ع) تشریح فرمود که:
او یگانه است بدون کیفیت و دل ها به او معرفت دارد بدون تصویر و فرا گرفتن و باز بنگر گفتار آن حضرت را که؛ دور بینی همّت ها به او نرسد و زیرکی های عمیق او را در نیابد، متعالیست خدائی که وقت معدود و پایان دراز و وصف محدود ندارد» سپس گفتار آن حضرت که: «در چیزها درون نشده تا گویند در آن ها جا دارد و از آن ها دور نگشته تا گویند از آن ها بر کنار است» که با این جمله دو صفت اعراض و اجسام را از خدا نفی کرده، زیرا صفت اجسام دوری و برکناری از یک دیگر است و صفت اعراض بودن در اجسام است به طور درون شدن بی تماس و فاصله گرفتن و دوری از آن ها، بعد از این فرمود: «ولی علمش به چیزها احاطه دارد و صنعش آن ها را محکم ساخته» یعنی بودن او در چیزها بمعنی احاطه علم و تدبیر اوست بدون تماس جسمی (کلینی، ۱۴۰۷ ق، ج۱، ص۱۳۶).
۲-۷. شرح متن بر اساس شواهد تاریخی
کلینی در کتاب الحجه اصول کافی در باب «ابواب التاریخ» مطالب زیادی در شناخت تاریخ ولادات ائمه و مدت عمرشان و تاریخ وفاتشان آورده است. در تمامی موارد، مقدمه ای در احوال هر امام آورده و پس از آن احادیث را نقل کرده است. نوع بحث های او نشان دهنده اوضاع فکری زمانش است. به گفته کلینی، بر اساس واقعیت تاریخی، در این دوره، بیشترین مشکلِ تزلزل آفرین، مسئله امامت و پیشوایی است. (کلینی، ۱۴۰۷ق، ج۱، ص۸-۹)، بنابراین کلینی اهتمام جدی در کتاب الحجه برای معرفی ائمه دارد و نظرات او در این زمینه درخور توجه است. به عنوان نمونه قبل از پرداختن به ذکر روایات در مورد نبی اکرم (ص) ابتدا شروع به توضیحی در مورد زندگی و وفات پیغمبر (ص) می نماید و می نویسد:
«پیغمبر (ص) هنگام ظهر و به روایتی هنگام طلوع فجر روز جمعه دوازدهم ربیع الاول عام الفیل چهل سال پیش از بعثت متولد شد، مادرش در ایام تشریق نزد جمره وسطی به او حامله گشت و مادرش در منزل عبد اللَّه بن عبد المطلب بود، و آن حضرت را در شعب ابی طالب در خانه محمد بن یوسف» در آخرین زاویه دست چپ کسی که وارد خانه می شود، زائید. خیزران آن خانه را (از کاخ محمد بن یوسف) بیرون کرد و مسجدش نمود، و مردم در آن نماز میخواندند پیغمبر (ص)، پس از بعثتش ۱۳ سال در مکه بود، آنگاه به مدینه مهاجرت فرمود و ۱۰ سال هم در آنجا بود، سپس در روز دو شنبه دوازدهم ربیع الاول که ۶۳ سال داشت وفات کرد.
پدرش عبد اللَّه بن عبد المطلب در مدینه نزد دائی های آن حضرت وفات کرد و او دو ماهه بود و مادرش آمنه دختر وهب بن عبد مناف بن زهرة بن کلاب بن مرة بن کعب بن لوی بن غالب، در چهار سالگی آن حضرت وفات کرد، و عبد المطلب زمانی وفات کرد که آن حضرت قریب ۸ سال داشت و با خدیجه ازدواج فرمود، زمانی که بیست و چند ساله بود، برای پیغمبر از خدیجه، قاسم و رقیه و زینب و ام کلثوم پیش از مبعثش متولد شد و طیب و طاهر و فاطمه علیها السلام بعد از مبعث، و نیز روایت شده که بعد از مبعث غیر از فاطمه علیها السلام متولد نشد و طیب و طاهر پیش از مبعث متولد شدند، خدیجه علیها السلام یک سال پیش از هجرت زمانی که پیغمبر (ص) از شعب ابی طالب بیرون آمد وفات کرد، و ابو طالب یک سال بعد از خدیجه وفات کرد، چون پیغمبر (ص) آن دو نفر را از دست داد، ماندن در مکه برایش ناگوار آمد و او را اندوه سختی گرفت و به جبرئیل علیه السلام شکایت کرد، خدای تعالی به او وحی کرد که از شهری که مردمش ستمگرند بیرون رو، زیرا تو در مکه بعد از ابو طالب یاوری نداری و آن حضرت را امر به هجرت فرمود (کلینی، ۱۴۰۷ق، ج۱، ص۴۳۹).
نکته قابل ذکر در اینجا این است که کلینی تاریخ ولادت پیامبر اکرم (ص) را همانند اهل سنت دوزادهم ربیع الاول می داند در حالی که مجلسی می نویسد «تمام علمای امامیه جز معدودی از آن ها، بر اینکه تاریخ ولادت پیامبر هفدهم ربیع الاول است اتفاق دارند و اینکه کلینی همانند عامّه، اعتقاد به دوازدهم دارد یا قول مختار اوست و یا از روی تقیّه به این قول معتقد است و دومی ظاهر تر است» به اعتقاد مجلسی، قول اول یعنی دوازده ربیع، با ادله حساب سازگارتر است (مجلسی، ۱۴۰۴ق، ج۵، ص۱۷۰). همچنین کلینی تاریخ رحلت پیامبر را دوازدهم ربیع الاول که مطابق قول مخالفین است می داند در حالی که به اعتقاد شیعه تاریخ رحلت پیامبر بیست و هشتم صفر است. اما مجلسی با محاسبات علم هیئت، قول کلینی هم در ولادت و هم در وفات پیامبر را تقویت می کند (همان، صص۱۷۶-۱۷۷).
یا در مورد زندگی علی ابن ابیطالب (ع) می نویسد:
«امیرالمؤمنین (ع) سی سال پس از عام الفیل متولد شد و ۲۱ ماه رمضان سال چهلم هجرت کشته شد و ۶۳ سال داشت. سی سال پس از وفات پیغمبر (ص) زنده بود، مادرش فاطمه دختر اسد بن هاشم بن عبد مناف است و علی (ع) نخست هاشمی بود که هاشم دو بار او را زاده بود (کلینی، ۱۴۰۷ق، ج۱، ص۴۵۲).
مجلسی در توضیح این جمله کلینی که او نخستین هاشمی بود که هاشم دو بار او را زایید می نویسد «مراد جمله کلینی این است که او هم از طرف پدر
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务，缴纳税款和清偿债务以他的遗产实际价值为限。超过遗产实际价值部分，继承人自愿偿还的不在此范围内。继承人放弃继承的，对被继承人依法应当缴纳的税款和债务可以不负偿还责任。灵活性和精密性。
新型 TKM 高效铣刀。
独一无二的使用寿命。可更换刀头。
新开发的 TKM 盘式铣刀采用旋装式刀头，在其上可以选择嵌装可重复磨削的刀头或一次性刀头。根据对于实际使用的合理性，用户可以灵活选择合适的刀头型号
面向铣削工位的最小公差。用于确保最高的精密度。
对于维护和维修主题，该系统同样具备显著优势。可以轻松更换已经磨损或破裂的刀头。不同于钎焊盘式铣刀，不需要复杂的调温过程。
可持续。通过无时间限制的使用。
盘式铣刀保留在用户处，不必退火处理。对于钎焊结构，需要由服务合作伙伴更换盘式铣刀的刀头。这种加工工艺将导致刀具主体多次承受高温。如此可能会导致损坏。无法达到，或只能有条件地达到必要的公差。优势
- 旋装刀头因简单和快速的刀头更换提高了用户的灵活性。
- 可以在同一个盘式铣刀上装入通用或一次性刀头
- 可以在同一个盘式铣刀上装入通用或一次性刀头
- 80 mm 以下书芯厚度
- 通过特殊的硬质合金刀头和几何结构完成书脊加工
- 硬质合金通用刀头用于所有常见市售无线胶订机，简化了备件供应和储备
- 选配。硬质合金一次性刀头，从而缩短装调时间
- 表面的灰尘明显较少，从而简化了书脊加工以及粘合剂的涂布
- 轻松抽取碎纸片进行重复利用Flying contribuisce all'1,5% -2% dei gas a effetto serra, che è una cifra relativamente piccola rispetto al traffico veicolare. Ma con il numero di voli in aumento mentre il mondo sta diventando più connesso che mai, dipendiamo dal volare per portarci nei nostri uffici globali situati in tutto il mondo. Se sei un frequent flyer di Saudi Airlines (الخطوط الجوية السعودية) o di qualsiasi altra compagnia aerea internazionale, potresti avere un'importante impronta di carbonio quando voli così spesso. Tuttavia, ci sono modi per ridurre il tuo impatto ambientale: ecco alcuni suggerimenti su come farlo:
Prova a pilotare meno
Il primo consiglio è di ridurre il numero dei tuoi viaggi. Prova a condurre video o teleconferenze. Se voi e altri viaggiatori green-minded prendeste meno voli, le compagnie aeree bruceranno meno quantità di carburante per aerei, causando così meno emissioni.
Fly Direct
Quando non avete altra scelta che volare, gli esperti suggeriscono di prendere non-stop voli diretti per la Mecca o altre destinazioni internazionali. Questo perché gli aeroplani bruciano più carburante al momento del decollo. Quindi, anche se i voli in coincidenza potrebbero essere più economici in tasca, il tuo aereo utilizzerà molto più carburante fossile rispetto a un volo diretto.
Molte compagnie aeree stanno ora aggiungendo voli non-stop, specialmente voli internazionali, quindi è diventato più facile vola direttamente verso molte destinazioni. Quando voli alla Mecca, puoi prendere un volo diretto e prenotare alberghi a Mecca (فنادق مكة) in anticipo, per un viaggio più organizzato.
Offset della tua impronta ecologica
Uno dei il modo migliore per controllare la tua impronta di carbonio dovuta al volo è l'acquisto di compensazioni di carbonio. In questo modo, pagheresti per ridurre o eliminare i gas serra dall'atmosfera terrestre. Puoi contribuire al reimpianto delle foreste che assorbiranno CO2 e puliranno l'atmosfera. È possibile acquistare compensazioni tramite le compagnie aeree o attraverso organizzazioni che sostengono progetti eco-compatibili, come gli sforzi di generazione di energie rinnovabili, o contribuiscono alla conservazione delle foreste in Perù. Puoi trovare programmi di offset verificati di terze parti online e donare a quello che risuona con te.
Fly coach
Se sei abituato a viaggiare in business class, potrebbe sorprendervi sapere questo: il vostro carbonio l'impronta è più elevata mentre si vola in business class rispetto all'allenatore volante. Uno studio della Banca Mondiale ha rilevato che le emissioni dovute alla business class in volo sono circa tre volte superiori rispetto all'allenatore. E la prima classe ha nove volte più emissioni rispetto all'allenatore. Quindi prova a prendere l'autobus la prossima volta. Prenotare alberghi (حجز فنادق) che sono belli e comodi da compensare!
Tonalità più basse
Molti di noi tendono a ignorare le istruzioni dell'operatore di volo al momento del decollo e dell'atterraggio , compreso il loro consiglio di abbassare le sfumature della finestra. Ogni passeggero dovrebbe ascoltare queste istruzioni, in quanto facendo questa semplice cosa, si assicura che la cabina non si riscaldi. Ridurrai il carburante utilizzato dall'aereo per far funzionare il condizionatore d'aria, e meno emissioni di CO2 dall'aereo.
Anche la luce di imballaggio aiuta, poiché un aereo più leggero richiede meno carburante e vola più velocemente. Apportare alcune modifiche al tuo stile di volo ti aiuterà a diventare un frequent flyer più ecologico con un'impronta di carbonio molto ridotta.
Articolo inviato da Community Writer
L'ultima modifica per i frequent flyer per verificare l'impronta di carbonio è stata modificata l'ultima volta : 1 novembre 2018 di据《马卡报》消息，在欧冠赛场创造壮举的阿贾克斯，可能在今年夏天面临解散，而这批球员将为球队带来高达3亿欧元的转会费。
弗兰基-德容：巴萨为他支付了7500万欧元的转会费，此外还有1100万欧元的转会费浮动。
德里赫特：拜仁、巴萨、尤文、皇马等球队关注着他，转会费预计与德容相同，也是7500万欧元。
奥纳纳：刚刚跟阿贾克斯续约，宣布留队。此前，他收到巴萨的邀约。
马兹拉乌伊：曼联、阿森纳、利物浦都在关注这名右后卫，与拜仁、本菲卡的比赛取得进球。
塔利亚菲科：2018年1月，他以400万欧元的转会费加盟阿贾克斯，如今身价暴涨。今年1月，皇家贝蒂斯询问签下他的可能性。阿森纳跟马竞正在争夺他。
戴维-内雷斯：今年1月差点以4300万欧元转会加盟广州恒大。当年阿贾克斯为了签下他，花费了1200万欧元，是队史第二贵的球员。
塔迪奇：当年阿贾克斯花费1140万欧元签下了塔迪奇，如今他可能已三倍多的转会费离开。
范德贝克：B2B中场，皇马的引援猎物，对阵拜仁、皇马、尤文都有进球。风格类似兰帕德。除了皇马之外，他也吸引阿森纳、热刺的关注。
齐耶赫：跟塔迪奇一样，他加盟阿贾克斯的转会费为1100万欧元，如今可能以4000万的转会费离队。拜仁对他很感兴趣。
（亚瑟）孔蒂惨遭打脸！曾弃用26岁巨星如今向球员低头险些成为罪人
北京时间3月31日凌晨4点40分，刚刚结束了一场世预赛比赛，当斯洛伐克队遇到俄罗斯队时，两队上演了一场激烈交锋。结果斯洛伐克队成功地守住了主场优势，他们在两队战成平局的情况下，又进一球，以2-1的比分获得了胜利。
依靠着这场胜利，斯洛伐克队结束了两连平，赢得了世预赛首胜，他们的小组赛排名也提升到了第3位，目前以1分之差，位列克罗地亚队跟俄罗斯队之后，有极大的希望再次提升排名，从而冲击世预赛出线名额。
现在，当斯洛伐克队取胜后，也是令意甲豪门国米俱乐部收到了利好，因为在斯洛伐克队阵容中存在着一名国米球员，他便是什克里尼亚尔。什克里尼亚尔的场上位置为中卫，结果这名26岁巨星已经成长为了带刀侍卫。毕竟在近期的世预赛比赛中，什克里尼亚尔连续建功。
这次对阵俄罗斯，面对着高大的俄罗斯球员，什克里尼亚尔为球队首开纪录。当时在第37分钟时，国际米兰他在禁区内高高跃起，头球攻门将球打进，为斯洛伐克队赢得胜利打下了基础。上一场世预赛，当斯洛伐克队对阵马耳他时，什克里尼亚尔在球队以0-2落后的情况下，连续的建功，他用一传一射的表现拯救了球队，力助斯洛伐克队以2-2逼平了马耳他。
小组赛首轮，当斯洛伐克队对阵塞浦路斯时，他们以0-0的比分与对手打平，什克里尼亚尔为球队实现零封贡献了一份力量。本赛季的比赛，什克里尼亚尔共为国米俱乐部打进了3球，也为国家队打进了2球，送出了1次助攻，他的确是一名全面的中卫球员。
根据什克里尼亚尔在本赛季中的稳定表现来看，他完爆于尤文中卫德利赫特，场上发挥要比德利赫特更令人放心。现在，当什克里尼亚尔逐渐地踢出身价，展现出超强的能力时，他的爆发也是令国米主帅孔蒂惨遭打脸了。因为在上赛季的比赛中时，孔蒂曾弃用过这名26岁的巨星。现在，孔蒂不得不向球员低头，又开始重用什克里尼亚尔。毫无疑问，国际米兰孔蒂险些成为罪人，因为他差点就将国米未来队长给出售掉！返回搜狐，查看更多
更多精彩尽在这里，详情点击：http://fzgscr.com/，国际米兰September 2, 2015 – Scientists may be closer to solving the mystery of how Mars changed from a world with surface water billions of years ago to the arid Red Planet of today.
A new analysis of the largest known deposit of carbonate minerals on Mars suggests that the original Martian atmosphere may have already lost most of its carbon dioxide by the era of valley network formation.
“The biggest carbonate deposit on Mars has, at most, twice as much carbon in it as the current Mars atmosphere,” said Bethany Ehlmann of the California Institute of Technology and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, both in Pasadena. “Even if you combined all known carbon reservoirs together, it is still nowhere near enough to sequester the thick atmosphere that has been proposed for the time when there were rivers flowing on the Martian surface.”
Carbon dioxide makes up most of the Martian atmosphere. That gas can be pulled out of the air and sequestered or pulled into the ground by chemical reactions with rocks to form carbonate minerals. Years before the series of successful Mars missions, many scientists expected to find large Martian deposits of carbonates holding much of the carbon from the planet’s original atmosphere. Instead, these missions have found low concentrations of carbonate distributed widely, and only a few concentrated deposits. By far the largest known carbonate-rich deposit on Mars covers an area at least the size of Delaware, and maybe as large as Arizona, in a region called Nili Fossae.
Christopher Edwards, a former Caltech researcher now with the U.S. Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Arizona, and Ehlmann reported the findings and analysis in a paper posted online by the journal Geology. Their estimate of how much carbon is locked into the Nili Fossae carbonate deposit uses observations from numerous Mars missions, including the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor orbiter, the mineral-mapping Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) and two telescopic cameras on NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) on NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter.
Edwards and Ehlmann compare their tally of sequestered carbon at Nili Fossae to what would be needed to account for an early Mars atmosphere dense enough to sustain surface waters during the period when flowing rivers left their mark by cutting extensive river-valley networks. By their estimate, it would require more than 35 carbonate deposits the size of the one examined at Nili Fossae. They deem it unlikely that so many large deposits have been overlooked in numerous detailed orbiter surveys of the planet. While deposits from an even earlier time in Mars history could be deeper and better hidden, they don’t help solve the thin-atmosphere conundrum at the time the river-cut valleys formed.
The modern Martian atmosphere is too tenuous for liquid water to persist on the surface. A denser atmosphere on ancient Mars could have kept water from immediately evaporating. It could also have allowed parts of the planet to be warm enough to keep liquid water from freezing. But if the atmosphere was once thicker, what happened to it? One possible explanation is that Mars did have a much denser atmosphere during its flowing-rivers period, and then lost most of it to outer space from the top of the atmosphere, rather than by sequestration in minerals.
“Maybe the atmosphere wasn’t so thick by the time of valley network formation,” Edwards said. “Instead of Mars that was wet and warm, maybe it was cold and wet with an atmosphere that had already thinned. How warm would it need to have been for the valleys to form? Not very. In most locations, you could have had snow and ice instead of rain. You just have to nudge above the freezing point to get water to thaw and flow occasionally, and that doesn’t require very much atmosphere.”
NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover mission has found evidence of ancient top-of-atmosphere loss, based on the modern Mars atmosphere’s ratio of heavier carbon to lighter carbon. Uncertainty remains about how much of that loss occurred before the period of valley formation; much may have happened earlier.
NASA’s MAVEN orbiter, examining the outer atmosphere of Mars since late 2014, may help reduce that uncertainty. Bruce Jakosky of the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics in Boulder is the principal investigator for the MAVEN mission and hopes to solve the Mars water mystery.
Video Credit: NASA/NASA Goddard
Arizona State University, Tempe, provided the TES and THEMIS instruments. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland., provided CRISM. JPL, a division of Caltech, manages the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey project for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, Washington, and managed the Mars Global Surveyor project through its nine years of orbiter operations at Mars. Lockheed Martin Space Systems in Denver built the three orbiters.In a new study, researchers have analyzed human colon samples to map out the interactions between populations of gut bacteria and the immune system.
Human bodies are made up of a complex array of cells that form different types of tissue and provide an important defense line against potential disease-causing factors, such as viruses and “bad” bacteria.
The main defense mechanism that the human body has is the immune system, which enlists different types of highly specialized immune cells to keep the bodily systems “clean” and in good shape, protecting them from harmful microbes.
Yet our bodies are also rich in bacterial populations. According to some researchers, we may be hosting as many as 38 trillion bacteria at any given time. Most of the time, these bacteria help maintain our state of health.
One of the most bacteria-rich environments in the human body is the gut. Recent research has shown that gut bacteria may play an extremely complex role in regulating multiple processes all over the human body, with specialists even referring to a gut-brain axis.
Why has a “machinery” as sensitive as the human immune system allowed these microorganisms to settle in our guts, though? And how do gut bacteria interact with immune cells?
These are some questions that researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute in Hinxton, United Kingdom, recently aimed to answer.
“The colon, as a barrier tissue, represents a unique immune environment where immune cells display tolerance toward a diverse community of microbes, which are collectively known as the microbiome.”
So write senior author Sarah Teichmann, Ph.D., and her colleagues in their new study paper, which features in the journal
“The microbiome is critical for many aspects of health, and an imbalance of commensals and pathogenic [illness-causing] microbes is linked with many disease states,” the study authors go on to write.
For these reasons, they explain, it is important to gain as detailed an understanding as possible of the interactions between gut bacteria and the immune system.
The current study is part of the Human Cell Atlas initiative, which aims to provide a comprehensive reference map of all of the cells in the human body.
“[The study] gives a new understanding of the relationship between immune cells and the microbiome in healthy colon tissue, and by allowing us to hone in on cells in particular areas, it will be a critical reference for ongoing work into diseases that affect specific regions of the colon,” states the study’s senior author.
As part of this initiative, the present research has focused on mapping the interactions between gut bacteria and immune cells by studying postmortem samples of healthy human colons from organ donors.
Using samples of different segments of the human colon, the researchers looked at the bacterial populations present in each segment and the immune cells that shared this environment.
The team ended up analyzing the activated genes of more than 41,000 immune cells. Doing this allowed them to pinpoint the genes that became activated in the different types of immune cells that were present in each of the colon segments.
Moreover, the investigators were able to figure out which specific bacterial populations were present in each of these parts of the human colon, offering new insights into how bacteria and immune cells interact in the gut.
They found that there were different populations of immune T cells in different segments of the colon.
Thus, whereas in the cecum region of
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斯克在推特上写道：“生活还是要过的。”
特斯拉在美国唯一的电动车装配厂位于加州的弗里蒙特市（Fremont）阿拉米达县。
阿拉米达县回应将与弗里蒙特市警员共同核实特斯拉在全面停工时遵从维持社交距离规定，且同意为员工实施卫生安全措施。
周一，马斯克违抗政府禁工令，表示工厂要恢复生产，如果有人被被捕，那应该就是他。
周二，马斯克取得总统特朗普的支持。“加州应该让特斯拉和马斯克重新启动工厂，就是现在。这件事可以做的又慢又安全！”特朗普在推特上写道。白宫并未对此置评。
加州司法部长哈维·贝西纳（Xavier Becerra）对美国全国广播公司财经频道（CNBC）说，“特斯拉与县政府在进行对话，但是从整个州层面来看，如果我们找到任何人违背州长公布的命令，我们做好打算强制执行。”
周二，特斯拉弗里蒙特市阿拉米达县工厂的员工停车场停满了车辆，卡车来往来回于工厂内外。
特斯拉控告了县政府，挑战县政府的禁工令决策。
一位县卫生官员周五表示，县政府之前拒绝包括特斯拉在内的所有生产企业延缓完全恢复生产至少一周时间，以便监测传染亲率和住院亲率。
特斯拉周六公布计划措施，将确保回到工厂下班的员工安全。
这些措施还包括体温监测、加装分界线隔开工作区、为员工提供维护设备。这些措施与通用、福特和菲亚特克莱斯勒的措施相似。
特朗普急于完全恢复美国经济，让美国人重返工作岗位。
周末时，马斯克威胁称要搬出加州前往德州或内华达。他的行径引发了各州之间对工作岗位的竞争，也点燃了各州顺应亲近这个亿万富翁高管的冲动。
马斯克与地方政府的斗争更有了那些兜售场地进工厂或办公地点的人，以及那些极其渴望减少本地低收入岗位的官员。
自从特拉斯与阿拉米达县争吵开始就更有了全国的注目，来自德克萨斯、内华达、佐治亚、犹他州和俄克拉荷马的官员一直在游说马斯克考虑到他们。
据特斯拉介绍，弗里蒙特市工厂雇佣了多达1万名工人。Di Enzo Ragusa
“The Day After Tomorrow”. Il freddo arriva fino a -65°C uccidendo quasi un migliaio di persone in Africa, nel Nord America, in Asia ed Europa!
(Una volpe congelata nella città di Fridingen, Baden-Württemberg, in Germania meridionale Venerdì 13 gennaio. Un’ondata di gelo ha gelato il fiume Danubio, dove è caduto l’animale restando completamente congelato. Crédito da imagem: Joahnnes Stehle)
The Day After Tomorrow lo potreste anche prendere come il titolo di un film di finzione, ma la situazione attuale è totalmente reale.
Contrariamente alle informazioni rilasciate dalla World Meteorological Organization (WMO), decretando il 2016 come l’anno più caldo mai registrato nella storia del pianeta – dal momento che le misurazioni sono iniziate nel 1872 – le ondate di freddo stanno diventando sempre più costanti nell’emisfero settentrionale, causando il caos e continuando ad aumentare ogni giorno che passa il numero di morti.
(Il grafico mostra la temperatura media annuale globale dal 1880 e indica che dopo il 1940 il tasso di riscaldamento del pianeta è stato frenetico, facendone il 2016 l’anno più caldo mai registrato. Crédito da imagem: Reprodução/Climate.gov/NOAA)
Dall’inizio dell’inverno, il freddo ha ucciso quasi un migliaio di persone nei paesi del Nord America, Asia, Europa e anche in Nord Africa.
Masse d’aria polari molto intense e potenziate da vortici ciclonici – regioni di bassa pressione atmosferica – così come una corrente a getto persistente e continua, che si affacciano dal circolo polare artico, con venti che arrivano fino a 300 chilometri all’ora a oltre 12 mila metri di quota. L’invasione di ghiaccio è data dall’aria gelida che viaggia a sud verso l’equatore, provocando violente tempeste di neve.
(Il grafico mostra i rendimenti del vortice polare – vortice polare – e la corrente a getto sopra l’emisfero settentrionale. Immagine di Crédito da imagem: Reprodução/Scientific American Blog Network)
Solo in Canada e negli Stati Uniti, la neve ha già provocato la morte di oltre 100 persone dal dicembre 2016. La maggior parte coinvolti in incidenti stradali, con quasi 100 veicoli coinvolti in un solo incidente.
Il ghiaccio accumulato sulle strade ha causato frane rendendo inevitabili gli incidenti. Il bilancio delle vittime nel Nord America è legato anche ai senzatetto, la cui stampa non sempre ha interesse a divulgare, mantenendo la linea che i paesi ricchi non hanno senza tetto quindi nessuna assistenza da parte del governo.
Ma, secondo le organizzazioni non governative, ad oggi sono quasi 150 i morti per cause legate al freddo intenso con temperature di -30°C tra gli stati del Dakota, del Nord del Maine, nel nord e nord-est degli Stati Uniti.
(La tempesta di neve registrata nella città di Tahoe City, California, Stati Uniti. Crédito das imagens: Bod Strong/Reuters)
In Algeria, in alta città le temperature hanno registrato -5°C e molta neve. La neve è scesa per la seconda volta nel deserto del Sahara dal 2012, e non per la prima volta dopo 37 anni, come diffuso dalla stampa mondiale.
(L’intensa nevicata registrata a Sidi Bel Abbes, nel nord dell’Algeria, vicino al Mar Mediterraneo. Crédito da imagem: Assaf Jourber)
In Egitto, la città di Alessandria ha avuto la temperatura minima più bassa da 100 anni a questa parte, temperatura di solo 0°C. Nell’aeroporto internazionale, la temperatura minima ufficiale è scesa a 3°C
(Nella regione del Sinai, nel villaggio di Jabal Mousa, la neve è caduta in grandi quantità lasciando tutto completamente bianco. Crédito da imagem: Ahmed Keshow)
Nei paesi asiatici devono affrontare anche il più rigido inverno degli ultimi 60 anni, soprattutto tra l’Afghanistan, Cina, Mongolia, Nepal, Kirghizistan, Tagikistan, Turkmenistan e Uzbekistan.
Nel nord della Mongolia è stata registrata una temperatura di -45°C durante l’ultima settimana, la più bassa temperatura per il mese di gennaio dal 1968, ha riferito il governo del paese. Il gelo intenso ha distrutto i raccolti e ucciso più di un milione di animali.
(Il freddo intenso, come quello registrato oggi in provincia di Heinti nel nord della Mongolia ha ucciso centinaia di migliaia di animali, che non si vedevano dal febbraio 2001, quando, al momento, quattro milioni di bovini e caprini erano morti a causa di gelo e neve. Crédito da imagem: Arquivo/Greg Baker/AP)
(Il 9 gennaio 2017, il Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) dal satellite Aqua dell’agenzia spaziale americana (NASA) ha catturato questa immagine della vastità della presenza di neve in Mongolia settentrionale. Si stima che 157.000 mongoli stanno affrontando severe condizioni di sopravvivenza. Secondo l’agenzia ReliefWeb durante l’inverno del 2016, più di un milione di animali sono morti a causa del gelo. Crédito da imagem: Reprodução/Earth Observatory/NASA).
Il freddo, senza precedenti in più zone, ha attanagliato tutta l’Europa e la Russia, seconda soltanto come luogo più freddo del mondo all’Antartide, con temperature minime registrate, fino a -65°C nel nord della Siberia.
Le basse temperature hanno ucciso più di 800 persone in tutto il continente, dove le autorità hanno confermato almeno 25 morti in Germania, 90 morti in Bulgaria, 50 morti nella Repubblica Ceca 45 morti in Romania, 300 morti in Turchia e 150 morti in Ucraina. Tutti, i dati ufficiali sono aggiornati quotidianamente dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (OMS) e le Nazioni Unite (ONU).
(La neve accumulata in Erdine, omonima provincia, nell’estrema Turchia occidentale, con i veicoli coperti completamente.
Crédito da imagem: Asis Jakr)
La preoccupazione principale della stessa ONU è il numero di rifugiati in partenza dai paesi in guerra senza fine, come l’Iraq e la Siria e che sono allocati in tende prive di riparo termico, esposti a temperature di -20°C nel Nord Europa. Il numero dei rifugiati ha superato i 150 mila solo nei campi tedeschi, Grecia, Francia e Italia.
(Un bambino nel campo sull’isola di Lesbo, in Grecia, sotto il freddo a -5°C con neve. Crédito da imagem: Stratis Balaskas)
In aggiunta a temperature molto basse, un altro punto culminante dell’inverno 2016/2017 nell’emisfero settentrionale è la quantità di neve registrata. Gli stessi vortici ciclonici e l’aria fredda nell’emisfero meridionale potenziano i fronti freddi e scaricano al suolo carichi di neve pesante.
Alcune città nel nord Europa, per esempio, così come la Turchia, hanno riportato più di cinque metri di neve dall’inizio dell’inverno, un record assoluto di precipitazioni, secondo il WMO, dove la media annuale è tra i due e i tre metri.
(La neve accumulata a Orestiada, provincia di Tracia, punta nord-orientale della Grecia al confine con la Turchia, ha ricevuto in 10 giorni, più di due metri di neve, quantità di livello assoluto. Crédito da imagem: Valantis Dastamanis).
(La copertura di ghiaccio/neve in corso sull’Europa è impressionante. Praticamente tutti i paesi hanno una superficie accumulata di neve a partire dall’inizio dell’inverno. Crédito da imagem: Reprodução: Cbk)
L’articolo va avanti ancora per tantissime immagini, ma obbiettivamente ci sembra abbastanza ciò che abbiamo visto fino a questo punto per capire che qualcosa non va e che il tutto sta cambiando molto velocemente. Noi dal canto nostro lo ripetiamo da anni, ma evidentemente le persone che non credono hanno bisogno di tastare con mano il prossimo raffreddamento globale, dovuto in primis ad una bassissima attività solare che si protrarrà per i prossimi decenni.
Comunque per chi desiderasse vedere il resto delle immagini può seguire il tutto al link originale.
Inoltre voglio ringraziare la nostra affezionata lettrice Mary che ci ha segnalato l’articoloSand Point Nature Preserve
Location: Huron County
Size: 220 acres
The Sand Point Nature Preserve is one of the most critical protected coastal lands in the Saginaw Bay Watershed, and probably one of the most important in the Great Lakes. We may be biased, but that actually doesn't come from us...it came from federal conservation professionals who recognized that the funding made available for the purchase of Sand Point Nature Preserve through the North American Wetlands Conservation Act was money well spent. The Saginaw Bay Herpetological Survey found Sand Point Nature Preserve to be the most biologically diverse site along the Saginaw Bay shoreline. The Preserve is home to many dozens of bird species, including Sandhill Cranes, Great Egrets, Wood Ducks, Great Blue Herons, songbirds of all varieties (Flycatchers, Swallows, Sparrows, Warblers, etc...), and Bald Eagles.
This Preserve, our largest, currently covers approximately 220 acres, and includes 5 miles of well established trails with an all-new wayfinding signage program and a newly built boardwalk. Enjoy a walk to Mud Lake, or one or two protected wetlands, including Kingbird Pond near the southern entrance. The unique blend of sandy soils, wetlands, open meadows, a deep Hemlock grove, and the Lake Huron coast make Sand Point the region’s crown jewel.
Recreational opportunities include hiking, wildlife observation, biking, trail running, skiing, snowshoeing and fishing.
How to get to Sand Point Nature Preserve:
The Preserve's southern end can be accessed by turning west off
M-25 onto Dunn Road. Visitors can park at the gate on the left 1/4 mile
down the road. The main parking lot is off M-25, just north of Dunn Road.
Watch for the brown sign along the west side of M-25.ROANOKE ISLAND, N.C. — Researchers believe they may be able to use DNA to uncover the fate of the Lost Colony, which vanished shortly after more than 100 people settled on Roanoke Island in 1587.
Using genealogy, deeds and historical narratives, researchers have compiled 168 surnames that could be connected to settlers in what is considered the first attempt by the English to colonize the New World. The team will try to trace the roots of individuals related to the colonists, to the area's 16th century American Indians or to both.
"The Lost Colony story is the biggest unsolved mystery in the history of America," said Roberta Estes, owner of DNA Explain, a private DNA analysis company based in Brighton, Mich.
The company is working with the Lost Colony Center for Science and Research, an independent research group based in Washington, N.C., that is working to figure out what happened to the colony settled 20 years before Jamestown.
"I don't know what we'll find in the end," Estes said. "Part of the big question for me is, did the Lost Colony survive? Who is their family today? And where did they go?"
Fred Willard, director of the Lost Colony center, said some colonists may have migrated inland to what are now East Lake, Chocowinity and Gum Neck. Researchers plan to use cheek swabs taken from possible ancestors to test the paternal and maternal DNA lines.
"In our case, with the Lost Colony, the only way we're going to trace who was who and if they survived is to use DNA," Estes said.
While DNA will not make any immediate connections beyond living relatives, the samples can provide clues to an individual's country of origin and other shared family traits, Estes said. Genealogy will have to fill in the blanks.
Researchers may also try to test American Indian remains or known relatives of the colonists in England.
More than 100 people settled on Roanoke Island in 1587, but the colonists vanished sometime between August of that year and 1590, when their governor returned to the island from a trip to England.
Copyright 2007 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Think burst pipes are a thing of winter past? Think again! When the temperatures plummet, water pipes in and around the home are at risk of freezing and when this happens, the results can be devastating. With a few checks and small changes, you can prevent frozen pipes and pipe bursts.
Inspect all pipes, especially those leading into the house
Pipes that are outside are prone to freezing, more so if they are not lagged. Pipe lagging, a tube of polystyrene type material, is relatively cheap and available from plumbers and local DIY stores. There are also other products that claim to keep your pipes ice free in sub-zero temperatures.
Fill gaps around pipes
Insulating your pipes is important and protecting them in vulnerable places are essential. This means not only lagging the pipes you can see, but also insulating the gaps around the pipe as it enters your property. Use a good quality expanding foam product, making sure you seal the hole completely. This not only insulates your pipe but also helps to keep cold air and pests out of your home.
Open cupboard doors
When the outside temperature drops below 0°, as you know, water freezes. Burst pipes happen when the water thaws and expands. Keeping your pipes a few degrees above freezing is the solution, with 4° being the optimum temperature that sees water carry on acting like water, running smoothly and freely. It may sound a little daft, but opening the door of the cupboard sink and allowing the heat of your home to penetrate inside the cupboard. This keeps all the piping warmer and your water flowing (but only if your outside pipes are lagged!).
Fix dripping taps
Many moons ago before every home (virtually) had central heating fitted, homeowners were told to leave taps open. The idea was that a slow flow of water constantly circulating through the pipes and taps would prevent it from freezing. But science tells us otherwise: it says that if the pipes are not lagged, the temperature 0° or below that water, whether it is a still pool or a slow trickle will freeze. In fact, a leaky tap with a slow drip could actually increases the chances of your pipes freezing so before the sub-zero temperatures of winter set in, get on top of your house maintenance and fix those leaky taps.
Heat and insulate your home
Thankfully, with central heating distributing heat through the house, the chances of frozen pipes happening within your property are minimal. With many homes no longer having a water tank in the loft, the chances of devastating water damage are also minimised. But, if you do have a water tank, it needs to be well-lagged, and your loft needs to be well insulated.
It also goes without saying, that a warm home is also less likely to have issues with frozen or burst pipes on thawing. If your house isn’t keeping the heat in, then why not consider contacting us here at PGH Plumbers, where we’ll be only too happy to talk you through how we can help.L’arrivo di una civiltà aliena cambierà la vita di un gruppo di esseri umani giunti su un’isola misteriosa, donando loro dei super poteri e rendendoli i primi supereroi della storia.Leggi il seguito
Questo sito utilizza i cookie per fonire la migliore esperienza di navigazione possibile. Continuando a utilizzare questo sito senza modificare le impostazioni dei cookie o clicchi su "Accetta" permetti al loro utilizzo.Our Moon reaches apogee, (greatest distance from Earth), on Sunday January 22nd. At that time the Moon will more or less be at a distance of 31.74 Earth diameters (404,914 km or
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popular question that is frequently asked is how many cups of water should you drink a day? Let’s find out.
Water is a chemical substance. Its chemical formula is H2O which means that its molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one part oxygen. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms are connected by covalent bonds. Water is unique because it can be present in three states which are liquid (in ambient condition), solid (in the form of ice) and gas (in a form of steam or water vapor).
The human body is about 60% water. Without water, the body could not maintain its function. Water is used by the body to flush out toxins or metabolic wastes through the kidney in the form of urine, gives fluidity to the blood thus make it circulate smoothly throughout the body and maintains moisture in the sensitive areas of the body such as the eyes, mouth, nose, and throat.
If the water in the body is significantly decreased, it can lead to dehydration. Dehydration is a leading cause of mortality rate in children who are experiencing diarrhea. Symptoms of dehydration can be first felt when 2% of body fluid has been lost. It can cause increased thirst, dry skin and loss of appetite. As more water is being lost in the body, symptoms of dehydration are becoming life threatening which could lead to lethargy, seizure, and even death. Water loss of 15% and above is considered fatal thus water replacement is very important.
How much water is needed? There is actually no certain number that can say the exact amount of water that should be taken in a day because water intake depends on the activities of the person and the type of climate he/she is into. Generally, doctors recommend drinking 8 eight-ounce glasses of water a day (it’s easy to remember – 8 by 8). For those who live in a hot climate and frequently engage in sports activities, more water should be consumed. The above figures may seem small but actually, they are enough because 20% of water intake are from the foods being consumed a day.
Water adjustment is important so to meet fluid losses. Volume per volume replacement is advised, which means that when an estimated 100ml of water is eliminated in the body (through stool for example), 100 ml of water should also be taken in so that water balance in the body is maintained. If sweating hard, it is best to replace both body fluids and electrolytes at the same time.
To make sure you get enough water regularly, always carry a drink bottle filled with water. You can get a water filter bottle so that the water you drink is chemical free, or an infuser water bottle to flavor your water so as to encourage you to drink more.Il testo sottolinea l’invito rivolto alla Famiglia Salesiana a riflettere sulla missione dei laici, in particolare cooperatori, exallievi ed exallieve di Don Bosco, in vista del prossimo Sinodo dei Vescovi, vent’anni dopo il Concilio Vaticano II. L’autore ritiene che questo momento sia propizio per approfondire la vocazione dei laici e per ottenere il loro contributo nel chiarire il ruolo dei diversi gruppi all’interno della Famiglia Salesiana. Il documento esplora la discendenza numerosa di Don Bosco, sia religiosi che laici, e si propone di analizzare l’azione dei laici nella Famiglia Salesiana, concentrandosi sul servizio al mondo e alla società. Infine, si sottolinea l’importanza di riesaminare e sviluppare le intuizioni del Fondatore alla luce degli insegnamenti attuali della Chiesa e dei segni dei tempi.
Periodo di riferimento: 1948 – 1986
M. Wirth, “Alcune espressioni tipica laicali della famiglia salesiana: cooperatori ed exallievi” in “Laici nella famiglia salesiana” Atti della XII settimana di spiritualità della famiglia salesiana, Editrice S.D.B., Roma 1986, 43-60.经查明，曾桂香(鸡东县平阳镇希贤村)未经主管部门批准，擅自在凤凰山国家级自然保护区内违法建设建筑物，该行为违反了《中华人民共和国自然保护区条例》，现责令您于2018年8月26日17时前对下列事项进行改正，否则，由此引起的法律责任由您自行承担。
改正事项：对未经主管部门批准擅自在保护区内建设的建筑物自行拆除，恢复原状。
黑龙江凤凰山国家级自然保护区管理局
2018年8月24日A cancerous tumor.
A malignant tumor—in contrast to a benign tumor—is one that spreads throughout the tissues or organ in which it originates and expands to other parts of the body as well (metastasizes). A malignant tumor is usually life-threatening, causing death if it remains untreated. If treated, the spread of a malignant tumor may be slowed or even arrested. Depending on the amount of tissue damage prior to treatment, tissue or organ function may be compromised.the 15th cent. as a period in Italian art and literature
Origin of quattrocentoIt, four hundred: short for mille quattrocento, one thousand four hundred
The 15th-century period of Italian art and literature.
Origin of quattrocentoItalian short for (mil) quattrocento one thousand four hundred quattro four ( from Latin quattuor ; see kwetwer- in Indo-European roots.) cento hundred ( from Latin centum ; see dek&mlowring; in Indo-European roots.)1st July 1856
Imperforate, no watermark, typographed.
Printed by the Prussian State Printing Works, Berlin
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This is a charmingly small stamp, designed to be subdivided to accommodate various postal rates. Each fraction being regarded as a stamp in its own right, at 12x12mm in 1856, it was the smallest first issue, though later undertaken in 1863 by Bolivar's 8x9.5mm first set. Brunswick made a similar, slightly larger issue in 1857, though not as its first stamp.
Mecklenburg-Schwerin joined the North German Confederation at the end of 1867 and ceased to issue its own stamps.
Get an overview of Germany and German States 1849 - 1872.Peat is destroying the environment and is no longer necessary in the modern garden says Alys Fowler, presenter on BBC Gardeners World and The Edible Garden: “I think there needs to be more education about the benefits of non-peat compost – it can be just as effective as peat. As well as reducing carbon emissions and protecting peat bog habitats, peat-free compost is also a great way of recycling our waste. Just as we do not have endless peatbogs, we also do not have bottomless landfill sites. I think a tax on peat products would make a real difference – if the alternatives are cheaper then people will buy them and we can make a real difference for our environment.”
In his recent column in Gardeners' World magazine, Alan Titchmarsh admitted he still uses peat: "Apparently we generate greenhouse gases and our carbon footprints are a size 13 wellie.While never using pure peat, he says: “Do I use it in compost? Sometimes. The great advantage of peat is that it is stable and lacking in any kind of plant toxin. Should I stop growing plants that will only survive in compost-containing peat? I would rather not. Does this make me cavalier in my lack of responsibility for the environment? Certainly not. When sufficient funding is poured into discovering a perfect substitute for peat, I shall use it."
Peat is still the best material for potting and growing certain plants says Charles Dowding author of Organic Gardening: The Natural No Dig Way “If gardeners use peat, it is mostly in small, precious amounts for raising plants in plugs and pots, taking advantage of peat’s ability to hold larger amounts of moisture and nutrients than many other mediums. I would never spread peat around the garden as a soil improver; green waste compost is better for that, and usually cheaper. But green waste compost is not an ideal potting medium, often containing pieces of wood that pull nutrients away from plants, as the wood decomposes. This does not matter when it is used as a garden mulch (and don’t dig it in!) but can spoil growth of small plants in pots. I have successfully used, for many years, a compost based on recycled peat, sieved out of Yorkshire reservoirs to clean the water (West Riding Organics www.organiccompost.org.uk).”
There are plenty of alternatives says Emma Cooper, author of The Alternative Kitchen Garden: growing edible & useful plants in a sustainable way: "I have been gardening for about 10 years now, and almost entirely without peat - so I would definitely say it was possible. The only time I have used peat was for plants (carnivorous plants) that really need it - and then I used the Moorland Gold brand, which is a filtered from run-off water and doesn't involve digging peat from bogs and fens."
Peat free compost is improving says Helen Riches, garden designer: "I do try to use peat free whenever possible. Last year when I grew ‘summer pots from seeds’ for BBC Gardeners World Magazine and was looking for peat free seed compost, all the local supplies either didn’t stock it, or ran out of it early in the season and didn’t restock. In general, I have found peat free multi purpose increasingly good and no doubt will continue to improve. I agree, the public do need to be kept aware of the issues."- Haber Giriş: 05-05-2021 17:56:24
- Son Güncelleme: 05-05-2021 17:56:24
Çin'in roketi Türkiye'ye düşebilir
Çin'in uzay istasyonu için yolladığı ilk modülü taşıyan roketin gövdesi kontrolden çıktı. Roket İstanbul ve Ankara'ya düşebilir.
Çin'in kontrolden çıkan uzay roketini ABD Savunma Bakanlığı takibe aldı. Avrupa Uzay Ajansı ise parçaların 41'inci kuzey ve güney enlemleri arasına düşebileceğini açıkladı. İhtimaller arasında İstanbul ve Ankara şehirleri de var.
Çin'in 29 Nisan'da fırlattığını açıkladığı roket dünyanın başına bela olacağa benziyor. Başarıyla fırlatıldığı açıklanan roketin ana gövdesi dünyanın çevresinde kontrolsüzce dönmeye ve parçalara ayrılmaya başladı.
22 ton ağırlığa sahip 30 metre uzunluğundaki roketin parçalarının ne zaman ve nereye düşeceği şuan bilinemiyor.
SAATLER KALA TAHMİN EDİLEBİLİR
ABD Savunma Bakanlığı Sözcüsü Michael Howard, roketin parçalarının on binlerce kilometrekarelik alanda nereye düşeceğinin kesin olarak bilinemeyeceğini söyledi. Sözcü, tam olarak nereye düşeceğin tahmininin roketin dünyaya inmesine saatler kala olabileceğini söyledi.
İSTANBUL VE ANKARA DA RİSK ALTINDA
Uzmanlar, parçaların New York, Madrid, Şili'nin güneyi ve Yeni Zelanda'nın Wellington şehirleri arasında bir bölgeye düşeceğini tahmin ediyor.
Ancak düşmesi muhtemel yerler arasında Türkiye de varİstanbul ve Ankara'nın da dahil olduğu Türkiye'nin birçok şehri de tahmin alanında kalıyor.
Roket parçalarının 8 Mayıs günü dünyaya düşeceği tahmin ediliyor.1E_23: Figlio mio, dovunque tu sia, qualunque cosa tu faccia, Io sono sempre con te. Quindi non hai nulla da temere. Io ti ricopro con il Mio Mantello per proteggerti dalle forze dell’avversario, Satana e, allo stesso tempo, Io ricopro tutti i tuoi cari, quelli e quelle che ti sono affidati. Follemente, ti amo.9kmy.com
修真小说9 万字连载寻雾者
姜默穿越到修仙世界，发现依靠打打杀杀抢夺资源的时代已经过去了，现在的修仙者需要靠拍视频、玩游戏来换取资源。于是，某个盗号者便开始了他的虚拟主播之路。季雅高：我是一个高雅的人，我有一个梦想，姜默：不，你不想。In 2008, Jeff Ammon, 55, began noticing a feeling of pressure in his ears every day after work.
Over the next months, when his symptoms progressed into a slight loss of hearing and sensitivity to noise, he became worried. Ammon, a construction worker for 32 years, eventually started wearing ear protection hoping this would address these complaints – but it was too late.
From that point on, sounds ranging from the hum of a lawnmower to normal tones of conversation caused a piercing, jabbing pain in his inner ear. He stopped working in 2011, when the pain became unbearable. He also hears ringing in his ears and experiences dizziness, both side effects of the auditory damage.
“It’s debilitating … completely,” he said.
Ammon spent almost all of his working life surrounded by the loud noises of jackhammers, saws and air compressors.
Ammon worked for several small construction companies building houses. He said he was never told to wear ear protection. His colleagues didn’t wear it either. No one talked about it and, even when he worked with loud equipment, he wasn’t aware of the need for ear protection.
He applied for Social Security disability benefits but was rejected because his condition was not on the Social Security Administration’s list of medical diseases considered disabling. When he first experienced his symptoms, he visited dozens of audiologists who only told him he had slight hearing loss. Research linking hyperacusis – unusual tolerance toward ordinary sounds – and pain was only at its infancy. Specific treatments still are not available for people with this type of hearing damage.
These days, he experiments with new medications or therapies, hoping for more awareness about the illness – and about protecting hearing at the workplace. He is waiting for the third appeal for Social Security disability benefits.
“I’m hearing a little more about it, but not nearly enough,” he said. “And it needs to start at the workplace.”
Now he avoids going outdoors, choosing instead to stay in his soundproof basement in Lebanon, Pa., and communicate with his doctor mostly through an online patient portal.
“The medication to address pain has not been very successful at all. … I’m also on some medication for stress, anxiety and depression,” he said. “It has isolated me from society.”
NEED TO KNOW
Noise, or unwanted sound, is one of the most pervasive occupational health problems. It is a by-product of many industrial processes. Sound consists of pressure changes in a medium (usually air), caused by vibration or turbulence. These pressure changes produce waves emanating away from the turbulent or vibrating source. Exposure to high levels of noise causes hearing loss and may cause other harmful health effects as well. The extent of damage depends primarily on the intensity of the noise and the duration of the exposure.
Noise-induced hearing loss can be temporary or permanent. Temporary hearing loss results from short-term exposures to noise, with normal hearing returning after period of rest. Generally, prolonged exposure to high noise levels over a period of time gradually causes permanent damage.
OSHA’s Hearing Conservation Program is designed to protect workers with significant occupational noise exposures from hearing impairment even if they are subject to such noise exposures over their entire working lifetimes.
What monitoring is required?
The Hearing Conservation Program requires employers to monitor noise exposure levels in a way that accurately identifies employees exposed to noise at or above 85 decibels (dB) averaged over 8 working hours, or an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). Employers must monitor all employees whose noise exposure is equivalent to or greater than a noise exposure received in 8 hours where the noise level is constantly 85 dB. The exposure measurement must include all continuous, intermittent, and impulsive noise within an 80 dB to 130 dB range and must be taken during a typical work situation. This requirement is performance-oriented because it allows employers to choose the monitoring method that best suits each individual situation.
Employers must repeat monitoring whenever changes in production, process, or controls increase noise exposure.
Employees are entitled to observe monitoring procedures and must receive notification of the results of exposure monitoring. The method used to notify employees is left to the employer’s discretion.
Employers must carefully check or calibrate instruments used for monitoring employee exposures to ensure that the measurements are accurate. Calibration procedures are unique to specific instruments. Employers should follow the manufacturer’s instructions to determine when and how extensively to calibrate the instrument.
What is audiometric testing?
The employer must establish and maintain an audiometric testing program. The important elements of the program include baseline audiograms, annual audiograms, training, and follow-up procedures. Employers must make audiometric testing available at no cost to all employees who are exposed to an action level of 85 dB or above, measured as an 8-hour TWA.
The audiometric testing program follow-up should indicate whether the employer’s hearing conservation program is preventing hearing loss. A licensed or certified audiologist, otolaryngologist, or another physician must be responsible for the program. Both professionals and trained technicians may conduct audiometric testing.
What is a baseline audiogram?
The baseline audiogram is the reference audiogram against which future audiograms are compared. Employers must provide baseline audiograms within 6 months of an employee’s first exposure at or above an 8-hour TWA of 85 dB. An exception is allowed when the employer uses a mobile test van for audiograms. In these instances, baseline audiograms must be completed within 1 year after an employee’s first exposure to workplace noise at or above a TWA of 85 dB. Employees, however, must be fitted with, issued, and required to wear hearing protectors whenever they are exposed to noise levels above a TWA of 85 dB for any period exceeding 6 months after their first exposure until the baseline audiogram is conducted.
What are annual audiograms?
Employers must provide annual audiograms within 1 year of the baseline. It is important to test workers’ hearing annually to identify deterioration in their hearing ability as early as possible. This enables employers to initiate protective follow-up measures before hearing loss progresses. Employers must compare annual audiograms to baseline audiograms to determine whether the audiogram is valid and whether the employee has lost hearing ability or experienced a standard threshold shift (STS). An STS is an average shift in either ear of 10 dB or more at 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 hertz.
What is an employer required to do following an audiogram evaluation?
The employer must fit
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in relazione alla Crocifissione, mentre in un altro caso può riferirsi a un incrocio stradale, secondo la sua rappresentazione grafica. Il simbolismo letterario è meno facilmente decifrabile di questi esempi, perchè esso tenta di essere originale e tende a una molteplicità, persino a un’ambiguità, di significati.
Lo stile poetico noto come simbolismo apparso in Francia alla fine del diciannovesimo secolo nelle opere di Baudelaire, Verlaine e Mallarmè e che esercitò una notevole influenza sugli scrittori inglesi del ventesimo secolo, era caratterizzato da una rilucente superficie di significati allusivi, privi di un nucleo denotativo.
Qualcuno una volta ha detto però che il romanziere dovrebbe far sì che pane e vino siano solo pane e vino, prima di farne un simbolo, e questo ha tutta l’aria di essere un ottimo consiglio per uno scrittore che aspiri a creare qualcosa di simile a una “illusione di vita”.
“Pane e vino” in questo caso sono elementi di un’azione complessa: un uomo che trattiene una giumenta spaventata da un treno della miniera che transita da un passaggio a livello e che viene osservato da due donne. L’uomo è Gerald Critch, il figlio del padrone della miniera locale, che dirige l’azienda e alla fine l’erediterà. L’ambiente è il paesaggio del Nottinghamshire in cui Lawrence, figlio di un minatore, era stato allevato. Si potrebbe affermare che il treno “simboleggi” l’industria mineraria, che è un prodotto della cultura e che il cavallo, creatura della Natura, simboleggi la campagna. L’industria è stata imposta alla campagna dal potere e volere maschile del capitalismo, un processo che Gerald riproduce simbolicamente nel suo modo di prevalere sulla sua giumenta.
Le due donne che assistono alla scena sono sorelle, Ursula e Gudrun Brangwen, la prima insegnante, la seconda artista. Entrambe si identificano in modo solidale con la cavalla terrorizzata. Ma la scena è descritta dal punto di vista di Gudrun e la sua reazione è più complessa e ambigua. C’è un simbolismo sessuale nel modo in cui Gerald domina la sua cavalcatura.
Vale la pena di osservare che il simbolismo è creato in due modi diversi in questo brano. Il simbolismo Natura - Cultura è fondato sulle figure retoriche del discorso note come come metonimia e sineddoche. La metonimia sostituisce la causa con l’effetto o viceversa (la locomotiva rappresenta l’industria perchè è un effetto della rivoluzione industriale) e la sineddoche sostituisce la parte per il tutto o viceversa (la cavalla rappresenta la Natura perchè è parte della Natura).
D’altra parte, il simbolismo sessuale è fondato sulla metafora e sul paragone, una cosa è associata a un’altra in base a qualche somiglianza esistente tra loro. Il prevalere di Gerald sulla sua giumenta è descritto in modo da suggerire un atto sessuale fra esseri umani.تساوی پرسپولیس و شارجه در نیمه نخست
به گزارش وبلاگ هتل های باراتوس، نیمه نخست ملاقات پرسپولیس و شارجه امارات، با تساوی به خاتمه رسید.
به گزارش وبلاگ هتل های باراتوس، در ادامه هفته دوم مرحله گروهی لیگ قهرمانان آسیا، از گروه C تیم فوتبال پرسپولیس از ساعت 19:05 میهمان شارجه امارات بود که نیمه نخست این ملاقات با تساوی دو بر دو به خاتمه رسید.
برای پرسپولیس در این ملاقات علی علیپور در دقایق 10 و 26 گلزنی کرد و برای شارجه هم محمد خلفان در دقیقه 25 و ریان مندیز در دقیقه 2+45 به ثمر رساند.
نیمه نخست این ملاقات با بازی هجومی پرسپولیس همراه بود. شاگردان گل محمدی که برای پیروزی وارد میدان شده بودند، از همان دقایق ابتدایی سعی در طراحی حملاتی داشتند و از این رو یکی دو فرصت خوب به دست آوردند که یکی از آن ها در دقیقه 10 به گل تبدیل شد. در دقیقه 9 این ملاقات پرسپولیسی ها صاحب یک ضربه ایستگاهی شدند اما ترابی نتوانست با استفاده از این فرصت دروازه شارجه را باز کند و شوت او را دروازه بان حریف برگرداند. یک دقیقه پس از این صحنه، مهدی ترابی از سمت چپ صاحب توپ شد و با یک پاس در عمق زیبا، فرصت بسیار خوبی برای علیپور ایجاد کرد و این بازیکن هم توانست گل نخست تیمش را به ثمر برساند.
در دقیقه 13 سفیدپوشان شارجه این فرصت را داشتند تا گل تساوی را به ثمر برساند اما شوت کایو به سید جلال حسینی برخورد کرد و وارد دروازه پرسپولیس نشد.
در ادامه این ملاقات در دقیقه 25 روی حرکت خوب کایو، خلفان در شش قدمی دروازه پرسپولیس به توپ رسید و گل تساوی را برای شارجه به ثمر رساند اما یک دقیقه پس از گل شارجه، باز هم روی حرکت خوب ترابی و پاس او برای علیپور، مهاجم پرسپولیس توانست گل دوم خودش و پرسپولیس را به ثمر برساند.
در ادامه این ملاقات و در دقیقه 34 ریان مندیز با نفوذ به درون محوطه جریمه پرسپولیس فرصت بسیار خوبی برای باز کردن دروازه به دست آورد اما ضربه او از کنار دروازه به اوت رفت.
در آخرین ثانیه های این نیمه ریان مندیز با یک شوت در داخل محوطه جریمه پرسپولیس بازی را به تساوی کشاند.
ترکیب پرسپولیس: علیرضا بیرانوند، سید جلال حسینی، شجاع خلیل زاده، مهدی شیری، محمد انصاری، کمال کامیابی نیا، احمد نوراللهی، وحید امیری، مهدی ترابی، علی علیپور و اوساگونا.
ترکیب شارجه: عادل الحوسنی، الحسن صالح، شاهین، کایو، محمد عبدالباسط، سالم سلطان، علی الظنحانی، عبدالله غانم، ریان مندیز، خلفان و شوکوروف.منبع: خبرگزاری ایسناLindsey Partos tarafından
Zeytinyağı Süreleri Katılımcı | Paris'ten raporlama
Fransızlar zeytinyağından daha fazla ayçiçek yağı tüketebilir, ancak ikincisi perakendecilere birinci sınıf fiyat artışı getiriyor.
Hükümet kuruluşu FranceAgriMer'den alınan yeni rakamlara göre, zeytinyağı, Fransız perakendecilerde ayçiçek yağından sonra en çok tüketilen ikinci yağdır.
Ancak zeytinyağı, hacimsel satışlar açısından yüzde 21'i temsil ederken, aslında değer olarak yüzde 43 gibi önemli bir iddiada bulunuyor.
"Bu, ana rakiplerinden çok daha yüksek olan litre başına fiyat ile açıklanmaktadır: zeytinyağı için 5.5 EUR, karışık yağlar için 2.50 EUR, ayçiçeği için 1.70 EUR ve kolza için 1.60 EUR, ”diye açıkladı FranceAgriMer.
Birkaç dakikan var mı?
Bu haftanın bulmacasını dene.
Fransız zeytinyağı tüketiminin yaklaşık 105 ton olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. 000'da ithalat 2009 ton, 106 milyon litreden fazla geldi.
Büyük miktarda ithalat, birlikte Fransızlar tarafından tüketilen zeytinyağının yüzde 88'ini oluşturan İspanya ve İtalya'dan geliyor.
Perakendeciler, süpermarketlerden ve indirim zincirlerinden alınan tüm zeytinyağının yüzde 68'i ile zeytinyağı alımlarının en gözde noktasıdır.
"Kısa devre - veya yerel dükkanlar - pazarın yalnızca yüzde 12'sine sahip ”diye açıklayan hükümet kurumu, kalan satışların gıda ve kozmetik endüstrileri tarafından silindiğini de sözlerine ekledi.[在线信息]据国外媒体报道，谷歌的stadia云游戏平台将于11月正式推出。
人们期望看到在不受控制的环境中延迟会是什么样子，以及谷歌体育场云游戏是否真的能提供响应性体验，尤其是对于快节奏的游戏。
谷歌表示，我们的平台和基础设施允许使用缓冲区来产生可预测的延迟，这使得体育场可以比主机或个人电脑在更短的时间内加载和运行游戏。同时，我们将通过机器学习和人工智能建立模型，从而更快地预测和生成内容，减少网络分发时间的影响。
在解码方面，一些人一直在想谷歌是否会使用av1编解码器。事实证明，它仍然是基于谷歌自己的vp9，谷歌说它已经取得了显著的进步。Vp9编解码器是开放的，但是在stadia平台上，我们进行了特殊的优化以使其更快。
云游戏正在成为游戏领域的下一个新战场。谷歌的优势在于其庞大的安卓用户群。然而，与索尼和微软相比，它在游戏内容方面可能还有很长的路要走。Among the big issues during this pandemic is the loss of family income, either due to loss of jobs / employment as a result of company closure or stoppage of the source of livelihood. To fill in the need of families for cash, LGUs have adopted distribution of amelioration funds, distribution of food / groceries, support to the seniors and in other cases, educational funds to students from low-income groups. Admittedly though, it does not solve the problem completely as LGU funds are also limited.
In the face of these economic challenges, people have to be self-reliant rather than become dependent alone to government dole out.
What does to become self-reliant mean? In cooperative parlance, self-reliant, or to some extent becoming self-sufficient, means the pooling of whatever resources an individual have, allow its use to accomplish certain objectives that would generally satisfy the need by the individual members of the community.
This works well if people will form cooperative primaries specifically service cooperatives. Following cooperative principle, to become a member, you have to contribute to the formation of the cooperative capital, For instance in a group of 10 families, there could be housewives that know how to cook, there are families that could do procurement of materials, some may have transportation abilities (some may own a motorbike or a tricycle, or a jeepney, ) while some could be good in direct marketing. If fees are agreed upon by the group members, then each one earn in the process. At the end of the year, they get additional cash in the form of Patronage Refund or dividend distributed according to the amount of capital contribution.
For those who can build huge capital for their service cooperatives, they can buy MSMEs and operate the business themselves. Example – they can buy Carinderias, small manufacturing – fire fighting equipment, acquiring existing services like that o a school bus operations, manufacture and sell school uniform and shoes, run school canteens, and small school bookstores, and the like.
When business grows, secondary cooperatives can be formed to cater to the needs of other groups. Easily, procurement of materials, distribution of services and training can be the objective of the secondary cooperatives. One secondary cooperative can provide a region their procurement services. Skills training can be provided by TESDA. Direct marketing can be supported by DTI info services while training can be undertaken by relevant government agencies.
If properly managed, this type of cooperation can provide the basic source of livelihood to the community, service to the people in establishing their own community business and training to the current and new membership. This can be replicated in other communities or Region with very little support from the government.
How can this be funded? Existing credit cooperatives , micro-finance organizations , rural banks and even private savings banks or government funded banks like the Land Bank can work with the Bangko Sentral and the Cooperatives Development Authority (CDA) for exemptions in their lending operations i.e. allowing them to invest in peoples initiative like this type of cooperatives.
The CDA can help bring to reality this idea or becoming self-reliant by providing field workers who will encourage the formation of the primary and the secondary Cooperative. Anyway, big things start with small beginnings.Dominions were semi-independent polities that were nominally under the Crown, constituting the British Empire and British Commonwealth, beginning in the later part of the 19th century. They included Canada, Australia, Pakistan, India, Malta, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), New Zealand, Newfoundland, South Africa, and the Irish Free State. The Balfour Declaration of 1926 recognised the Dominions as "autonomous Communities within the British Empire" and, in the decades afterward, the Dominions each became fully sovereign from the United Kingdom. Those that became sovereign constitutional monarchies within the Commonwealth of Nations and maintained as their own the same royal house and royal succession from before full sovereignty became known after the year 1953 as Commonwealth realms.
Earlier usage of dominion to refer to a particular territory dates back to the 16th century and was sometimes used to describe Wales from 1535 to around 1800.
- 1 Definition
- 2 Historical development
- 3 Dominions
- 4 Southern Rhodesia
- 5 Foreign relations
- 6 From Dominions to Commonwealth realms
- 7 See also
- 8 Notes
- 9 References
In English common law, the Dominions of the British Crown were all the realms and territories under the sovereignty of that Crown. For example, the Order in Council annexing the island of Cyprus in 1914 declared that, from 5 November, the island "shall be annexed to and form part of His Majesty's Dominions".
Use of dominion to refer to a particular territory dates back to the 16th century and was sometimes used to describe Wales from 1535 to around 1800: for instance, the Laws in Wales Act 1535 applies to "the Dominion, Principality and Country of Wales". Dominion, as an official title, was conferred on the Colony of Virginia about 1660 and on the Dominion of New England in 1686. These dominions never had self-governing status. The creation of the short-lived Dominion of New England was designed—contrary to the purpose of later dominions—to increase royal control and to reduce the colony's self-government.
Under the British North America Act 1867, what is now eastern Canada received the status of "Dominion" upon the Confederation of several British possessions in North America. However, it was at the Colonial Conference of 1907 when the self-governing colonies of Canada and the Commonwealth of Australia were referred to collectively as Dominions for the first time. Two other self-governing colonies—New Zealand and Newfoundland—were granted the status of Dominion in the same year. These were followed by the Union of South Africa in 1910 and the Irish Free State in 1922. At the time of the founding of the League of Nations in 1924, the League Covenant made provision for the admission of any "fully self-governing state, Dominion, or Colony", the implication being that "Dominion status was something between that of a colony and a state".
Dominion status was formally defined in the Balfour Declaration of 1926, which recognised these countries as "autonomous Communities within the British Empire", thus acknowledging them as political equals of the United Kingdom. The Statute of Westminster 1931 converted this status into legal reality, making them essentially independent members of what was then called the British Commonwealth.
Following the Second World War, the decline of British colonialism led to Dominions generally being referred to as Commonwealth realms and the use of the word dominion gradually diminished. Nonetheless, though disused, it remains Canada's legal title and the phrase Her Majesty's Dominions is still used occasionally in legal documents in the United Kingdom.
The word dominions originally referred to the possessions of the Kingdom of England. Oliver Cromwell's full title in the 1650s was "Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the dominions thereto belonging". In 1660, King Charles II gave the Colony of Virginia the title of dominion in gratitude for Virginia's loyalty to the Crown during the English Civil War. The Commonwealth of Virginia, a State of the United States, still has "the Old Dominion" as one of its nicknames. Dominion also occurred in the name of the short-lived Dominion of New England (1686–1689). In all of these cases, the word dominion implied no more than being subject to the English crown.
Responsible government: precursor to Dominion status
The foundation of "Dominion" status followed the achievement of internal self-rule in British Colonies, in the specific form of full responsible government (as distinct from "representative government"). Colonial responsible government began to emerge during the mid-19th century. The legislatures of Colonies with responsible government were able to make laws in all matters other than foreign affairs, defence and international trade, these being powers which remained with the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Bermuda, notably, was never defined as a Dominion, despite meeting this criteria, but as a self-governing colony that remains part of the British Realm.
Nova Scotia soon followed by the Province of Canada (which included modern southern Ontario and southern Quebec) were the first Colonies to achieve responsible government, in 1848. Prince Edward Island followed in 1851, and New Brunswick and Newfoundland in 1855. All except for Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island agreed to form a new federation named Canada from 1867. This was instituted by the British Parliament in the British North America Act 1867. (See also: Canadian Confederation). Section 3 of the Act referred to the new entity as a "Dominion", the first such entity to be created. From 1870 the Dominion included two vast neighbouring British territories that did not have any form of self-government: Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory, parts of which later became the Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and the separate territories, the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut. In 1871, the Crown Colony of British Columbia became a Canadian province, Prince Edward Island joined in 1873 and Newfoundland in 1949.
The conditions under which the four separate Australian colonies—New South Wales, Tasmania, Western Australia, South Australia—and New Zealand could gain full responsible government were set out by the British government in the Australian Constitutions Act 1850. The Act also separated the Colony of Victoria (in 1851) from New South
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both modern and timeless, of solicitation might be used by her against us?
6. Whom did Faithful meet at the foot of the Hill of Difficulty?
7. List his daughters’ names and provide a description (or the nature) of their characteristics.
8. What was the warning written on the old man’s forehead and what are the implications of this warning for us?
9. Who was it that overtook Faithful as swift as the wind? And how was he treated?
10. Who was it that came along and demanded the assault cease?
11. Whom did Faithful meet in the Valley of Humiliation? What does he try to persuade him to do and for what reason?
12. How does Faithful respond?
13. Have you ever conversed with Discontent? What has been your reply?
14. With what truths from God’s Word (provide passages) can you fight this enemy?
15. The next enemy Faithful encounters is Shame. According to Faithful what name would have been more appropriate?
16. What were some of Shame’s gripes with “religion”?
17. What comments provided by Faithful in regards to shame might be helpful when you encounter this foe?The raising of livestock animals, such as cattle (for beef and leather) or sheep (for mutton and wool), is a factor contributing to land use patterns -- which in turn impacts ecosystems such as forests.
- Livestock directly use and impact land -- either intensively as in Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) or extensively in pasture lands -- and also indirectly impact demand for use of land when they are fed grains and other crops, by creating demand for the land used to grow such feed crops.
Livestock are also a factor in greenhouse gas emissions, both directly due to direct emissions (such as methane from the animals' digestive processes), as well as indirectly such as due to changes in land use (e.g. deforestation) resulting from the use of land for raising livestock.
Cattle are raised for meat (beef) and hides (leather).
- From Source to Sink: Reducing Commodity Agriculture's Impacts on Natural Lands - This summary of a larger recent National Wildlife Federation white paper provides an overview of contributions to land use change and climate change by commodity agricultural products such as soy, palm oil, biofuels, and cattle. It also offers a brief overview of supply and demand-side programs that may offer solutions.
- Slaughtering the Amazon - This June 2009 report by Greenpeace found that "The cattle sector in the Brazilian Amazon is the largest driver of deforestation in the world," and was "responsible for 14% of the world’s annual deforestation."
- Poultry - chickens, etc.
- 2-5 May 2011, St. Louis, Missouri, USA: International Biomass Conference and Expo. (Themes: bio-based products, livestock waste, energy crops, forest biomass, technology, waste)
- 4-6 May 2010, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA: 2010 International BIOMASS Conference & Expo. (Themes: crop residues, energy crops, wood residues, livestock and poultry wastes, MSW)
- 26-27 August 2009, Sao Paulo, Brazil: International Workshop on Solutions to Deforestation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Caused by Cattle Expansion - Hosted by the National Wildlife Federation in partnership with Amigos da Terra, Allianca da Terra,Imazon, Forest Footprint Disclosure and Greenpeace (Themes: forests, Brazil, deforestation, GHG emissions, REDD, cattle)
Some key organizations working on this issue include:
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) - a research organization that "conducts inter-disciplinary scientific studies on environmental, economic, technological, and social issues in the context of human dimensions of global change." In 2009, was involved in studying impacts of livestock on land use.
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) - ILRI works to "generate knowledge and technologies designed to reduce poverty, hunger, disease and environmental degradation in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia."
- Could palm oil help save the Amazon?, 14 June 2011 by Mongabay.com: "According to analysis by Brazil's agricultural research agency Embrapa, more than 2 million square kilometers of the Brazilian Amazon is suitable for oil palm cultivation — an area four times the size of France."
- "Done right, oil palm could emerge as a key component in the effort to save the Amazon rainforest. Responsible production there could even force changes in other parts of the world."
- "Planted on the degraded pasture land that abounds in the Brazilian Amazon, oil palm could generate more jobs and tax revenue than the dominant form of land use in the region: low intensity cattle ranching."
- "If it replaces pasture, not forest, oil palm could buffer the forest frontier against fire, maintain and restore ecological functions like evapotranspiration, and help intensify cattle production in nearby areas (palm kernel, a byproduct of palm oil production, can serve a protein-rich feed)."
- "Whether Brazil's sustainable palm oil push bears fruit will be contingent on the Brazilian government's willingness to enforce policies and industry's desire to access premium markets."
- Statistical confirmation of indirect land use change in the Brazilian Amazon, 24 May 2011 by Eugenio Y Arima, Peter Richards, Robert Walker and Marcellus M Caldas in Environmental Research Letters; from the Abstract:
- "Expansion of global demand for soy products and biofuel poses threats to food security and the environment. One environmental impact that has raised serious concerns is loss of Amazonian forest through indirect land use change (ILUC), whereby mechanized agriculture encroaches on existing pastures, displacing them to the frontier. This phenomenon has been hypothesized by many researchers and projected on the basis of simulation for the Amazonian forests of Brazil....The present article [utilizes] a spatial regression model capable of linking the expansion of mechanized agriculture in settled agricultural areas to pasture conversions on distant, forest frontiers. In an application for a recent period (2003–2008), the model demonstrates that ILUC is significant and of considerable magnitude...."
- Brazil: Amazon rainforest deforestation rises sharply, 19 May 2011 by BBC News: "Satellite images show deforestation increased from 103 sq km in March and April 2010 to 593 sq km (229 sq miles) in the same period of 2011, Brazil's space research institute says."
- "Much of the destruction has been in Mato Grosso state, the centre of soya farming in Brazil."
- "Some environmentalists argue that rising demand for soy and cattle is prompting farmers to clear more of their land."
- "But others see a direct link between the jump in deforestation and months of debate over easing an existing law on forest protection."
- "'You have 300-400 lawmakers here in Brasilia sending the message that profiting from deforestation will be amnestied, that crime pays,' Marcio Astrini from Greenpeace told Reuters."
- World's largest beef company signs Amazon rainforest pact, 29 April 2011 by Mongabay.com: "The world's largest meat processor has agreed to stop buying beef from ranches associated with slave labor and illegal deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, according to the public prosecutor's office in the state of Acre. The deal absolves JBS-Friboi from 2 billion reals ($1.3 billion) in potential fines and paves the way for the firm to continue selling meat to companies concerned about their environmental reputation."
- "Under the terms of the deal, JBS agreed to stop buying cattle from areas embargoed by environmental inspection agencies and lands classified as conservation units or indigenous territories, unless the management plans of those areas allow for livestock. Cattle production often occurs illegally in forests zoned for conservation or indigenous use and squatters are used as proxies to grab the land. JBS will also not buy cattle from ranches that have been convicted of labor abuses, including slave labor."
- "The deal could help curtail deforestation for cattle production — which accounts for the bulk of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon — but its effectiveness still hinges on local governance, where corruption remains a problem."
- Sugarcane Cools Climate, Study Finds, 17 April 2011 by Science Daily: "Brazilians are world leaders in using biofuels for gasoline. About a quarter of their automobile fuel consumption comes from sugarcane, which significantly reduces carbon dioxide emissions that otherwise would be emitted from using gasoline. Now scientists from the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology have found that sugarcane has a double benefit. Expansion of the crop in areas previously occupied by other Brazilian crops cools the local climate. It does so by reflecting sunlight back into space and by lowering the temperature of the surrounding air as the plants 'exhale' cooler water."
- "The researchers emphasize that the beneficial effects are contingent on the fact sugarcane is grown on areas previously occupied by crops or pastureland, and not in areas converted from natural vegetation. It is also important that other crops and pastureland do not move to natural vegetation areas, which would contribute to deforestation."
- See the full study in the journal Nature Climate Change, "Direct impacts on local climate of sugar-cane expansion in Brazil"
- Cows' guts yield clues for new biofuels, 28 January 2011 by One India News: "A new study has found dozens of previously unknown microbial enzymes in the bovine rumen -- the cow's primary grass-digestion chamber -- that contribute to the breakdown of switchgrass, a renewable biofuel energy source."
- "After incubating the switchgrass in the rumen for 72 hours, researchers conducted a genomic analysis of all of the microbes that adhered to switchgrass. They cloned some of these genes into bacteria, and successfully produced 90 proteins of interest. They found that 57 percent of these proteins demonstrated enzymatic activity against cellulosic plant material."
- Scientists Question EPA's Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimates, 28 June 2010 by azocleantech.com: "The approach the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural anaerobic lagoons that treat manure contains errors and may underestimate methane emissions by up to 65%, according to scientists".
- "An interdisciplinary team of scientists from the University of Missouri evaluated the EPA and IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] approach to estimate greenhouse emissions from anaerobic lagoons." They "documented errors in the approach, which the EPA and IPCC adapted from a method used to estimate methane production from anaerobic digesters." Additionally, the team "found that uncovered anaerobic lagoons were more efficient at converting waste to methane than predicted using literature based on digesters."
- See the paper, An Evaluation of the USEPA Calculations of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Anaerobic Lagoons.
- Big Meat: Fueling Change or Greenwashing Fuel?, 3 June 2010 by Anna Lappé in The Atlantic: "On January 13, 2009, Tyson—one of the world's largest processors of chicken, beef, and pork — and the fuel company Syntroleum broke ground in Geismar, Louisiana, on a 'renewable' diesel plant. The fuel will be produced in part with Tyson factory farm byproducts, including animal fat and poultry litter."
- "Tyson claims these facilities produce eco-friendly, cleaner-burning fuels from scraps that would otherwise be wasted. But critics beg to differ, arguing that the fuel doesn't actually burn any cleaner and, worse, that these plants incentivize intensive livestock production and processing methods that are decidedly bad for the environment and the climate. They charge that this fuel is renewable only in the narrowest sense, if you ignore the complete life cycle of its production. The fuels depend on energy-intensive, greenhouse-gas-emitting confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), which require feed raised with methods that deplete topsoil and overuse synthetic fertilizer, contributing to carbon dioxide emissions."
- Surging costs hit food security in poorer nations, 6 June 2010 by Associated Press: "With food costing up to 70 percent of family income in the poorest countries, rising prices are squeezing household budgets and threatening to worsen malnutrition....Compounding the problem in many countries: prices hardly fell from their peaks in 2008, when global food prices jumped in part due to a smaller U.S. wheat harvest and demand for crops to use in biofuels."
- "The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization's food price index — which includes grains, meat, dairy and other items in 90 countries — was up 22 percent in March from a year earlier though still below 2008 levels."
- "Costs also have been pushed up by a rebound in global commodity prices, especially for soy destined for Asian consumption. That has prompted a shift in Argentina and elsewhere to produce more for export, which has led to local shortages of beef and other food."
- "In Argentina, soy production has taken over more than 32 million acres (13 million hectares) of grassland once used to raise cattle and replaced less profitable wheat and corn as well, driving up prices in supermarkets."
- China Farm Gets Shocking Amount of Power From Cow Poop, 6 May 2010 by The New York Times: "A 250,000-head dairy operation in northeast China plans to open the world's largest cow manure-fed power project in September, according to General Electric Co., the company supplying four biogas turbines to the Liaoning Huishan Cow Farm in Shenyang. For comparison, the largest U.S. dairy farms have 15,000 cattle."
- "China's newest livestock digester will reduce piles of dung, yield fertilizer and heat, and will supply 38,000 megawatt-hours of power annually to the state's power grid, enough to meet the average demand of some 15,000 Chinese residents. It produces biogas, a methane and carbon dioxide mix emanating from manure, grease, sewage or other organic materials allowed to stew in an oxygen-free chamber."
- "The barriers to the expansion of biogas are about economics, not technology, and how long it takes for biogas projects to pay off varies country by country."
- "The biogas field could be one more example of the ways the United States is falling behind China. Yesterday, Energy Secretary Steven Chu said that the United States is lagging behind China, which provides strong tax incentives for a host of renewable energy technologies."
- EPA Administrator and Agriculture Secretary Team Up to Promote Farm Energy Generation, 3 May 2010 press release by USDA: "U.S. Department of Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Lisa P. Jackson today announced a new interagency agreement promoting renewable energy generation and slashing greenhouse gas emissions from livestock operations. The agreement expands the work of the AgSTAR program, a joint EPA-USDA effort that helps livestock producers reduce methane emissions from their operations."
- "The collaboration will expand technical assistance efforts, improve technical standards and guidance for the construction and evaluation of biogas recovery systems, and expand outreach to livestock producers and assist them with pre-feasibility studies."
- "Biogas is composed primarily of methane, a greenhouse gas 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Biogas emitted from manure management systems called digesters can be collected and used to produce electricity, heat or hot water."
- Deforestation-free leather comes closer to reality in the Brazilian Amazon, 3 May 2010 by Mongabay.com: "Prominent leather buyers have developed a new traceability system to ensure that leather products from Brazil don't result in deforestation, reports the National Wildlife Federation, an NGO working to improve the environmental performance of the cattle industry in the Amazon."
- "Under the terms of the protocol, meat packers must certify that all their direct suppliers have registered their farms — providing GPS coordinates of their holdings — by November 2010. Packers who fail to meet the criteria will be unable to sell leather to members of the Leather Working Group."
- "Improving the traceability of beef and leather is significant because cattle ranching is the single largest driver of Amazon destruction: 80 percent of deforested land ends up as cattle pasture. Ranching is also Brazil's largest source of greenhouse gas emissions."
- PRC's Drive to Tap Biogas in Rural Sector Gets ADB Loan, 19 April 2010 press release by the Asian Development Bank: "The People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) drive to expand the use of biogas energy generated from waste materials is getting support from a $66.08 million Asian Development Bank (ADB) loan."
- "The financial assistance for the Integrated Renewable Biomass Energy Development Sector Project has been approved by ADB's Board of Directors. The loan will be used to help construct biogas plants in poor rural areas of Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangxi and Shandong provinces, benefiting 118 livestock farms and agricultural enterprises.
- "The project will introduce high-temperature flare technology to minimize methane gas emissions from the plants. It will support the manufacture of bio-fertilizers from biogas sludge for eco-farming, aiding the government’s push to encourage the reuse and recycling of organic waste."
- "Under PRC’s Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy, about 10,000 large-scale biogas plants are earmarked to be set up on livestock farms by 2020 with an annual biogas yield of up to 14 billion cubic meters."
- Does growing soy destroy Amazon rainforest?, 16 April 2010 by Environmental Research Web: "In the first seven years of this century, around 19 million hectares of rainforest in the Legal Amazon region of Brazil were cut down. But the jury's out on the chief culprit behind this deforestation – some say it's the growth in cattle ranches while others believe it's increased cultivation of crops such as soy."
- "Cattle ranching has boomed in the Brazilian Amazon since the late 1970s when state subsidies and infrastructure development kicked in. But export crops such as soy, which is mainly used in animal feed and cooking oil, have increased significantly over the last decade, encouraged by expanding world markets and government incentives. Today Brazil is one of the world's largest exporters of agricultural products."
- Read the full report, The role of pasture and soybean in deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon
- UN ‘exaggerated’ meat impact on climate change, 25 March 2010 by Farmer's Guardian: "A leading scientist has accused the UN of exaggerating the impact of meat and dairy production on climate change."
- "A 2006 UN report published by the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation claimed meat production was responsible for 18 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions....The report, titled 'Livestock’s Long Shadow', added agriculture had a greater impact on global warming than transport."
- "But Professor Frank Mitloehner, an air quality specialist from the University of California at Davis (UCD), said agriculture’s impact had been exaggerated....He said the UN figures totted up emissions from farm to table – including the impact of growing the feed, from livestock and from processing....However, transport emissions only considered emissions from fossil fuels
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different warships in the Old and New Worlds, Sir John was a celebrity at the time. He was recalled from retirement to command the HMS Victory and sail down to Lisbon to rescue a blockaded convoy on the River Tagus. The French General de Rochambeau's Brest fleet was preventing the British convoy from transporting much needed supplies to the fleet in the Mediterranean. Admiral Sir John liberated the blockaded convoy and escorted them to Gibraltar.
A Catastrophic End
On the return voyage the Victory took on a large cargo of gold. During a violent storm the Victory went down with all hands lost, over 900 souls including Sir John. Because of the high sides of the Victory she was to believed to be easily pushed downwind, which contributed to her end. Going down with the ship were about 400,000 pounds ($) of gold. The ships exact final resting place has been a mystery for centuries. In 2008 the Odyssey Marine Exploration of Tampa, Florida located her.
Raising the Wreck
The rumor had been that the Victory went down off the Casquets, a reef near the Channel Islands, known as the graveyard of the English Channel. Actually Odyssey Marine found the wreck 100 km away, in the Western approaches between France and England. The Victory's remains lay at a depth of 330 feet. Odyssey raised two cannons and positively identified the ship. The cannon recovered include a 12-pounder with the royal arms of George II and a 4-ton, 42-pounder with the crest of George I. The giant 42-pounder recovered is the only known example of a gun of this type and size currently in existence on dry land.
In 2012 plans were announced for the archaeological excavation of the site, including a plan for recording, documentation, conservation, publication and public education. The Maritime Heritage Foundation is currently waiting for permission from the Ministry of Defense and a license from the Marine Management Organization so as to proceed with the recovery of at-risk, surface artifacts. So far no lost gold has been found.Because of the very nature of social media, maintaining privacy on social media platforms is not an easy thing to achieve. You can only do so much to limit the reach of your online presence and this is due to certain policies that govern these social networking sites. The moment you sign up, you automatically allow them to display a chunk of your persona to networks in and out of your circle, which is why it’s wise to be pragmatic about your personal space on the Internet.
We all like to share our thoughts, ideas, photos, and inspirations with our family and friends, and social media has become the biggest platform to do so with the ease and convenience that “like”, “follow”, “share”, and “repost” buttons offer. With just a click, your contacts can easily see your new apartment, meet your friends, or perhaps comment on how your belt should match the color of your shoes.
We all know that social networking sites have made it possible for us to communicate quickly and directly. But what goes on behind your posts, your tagged photos, messages, and all the other things you share? It really depends on how strong you set your privacy and security settings. If you're unaware of your settings, you could be leaving digital breadcrumbs of your personal information across your networks, making it easier for cybercriminals to find you and turn you into a victim of phishing, malware infection, spam and plenty of other social media scams. The bits of personal data that you share could be exposed to cybercriminals and other parties with whom they share your information. It's not a pretty picture, but unfortunately, it is the reality of cybercrime.
So what can you do to protect your privacy? The first thing you’ll need to do is to go by the rule of thumb and set your privacy to the highest level to make it harder for attackers to target you. Secondly, do not trust third party apps and services and stay away from ads as they are used as means by cybercriminals to get to your network. To make sure you're properly protected, you should also install a reliable security solution on your computers and mobile devices. A privacy scanner can scan your social media accounts for weak privacy settings on Facebook, LinkedIn, Google+, and Twitter, and identify risky settings on different browsers.
You also need to rethink and check your online habits regularly. Because social media can sometimes be used for commercial purposes, cybercriminals also use the platform to lure users into participating in bogus causes, contests, and other promotional activities. See how you can further augment your privacy on social media by viewing the embedded guide, How to Protect Your Privacy on Social Media.
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Image will appear the same size as you see above.Methamphetamine (also known as meth) is a very dangerous stimulant drug that comes in the form of a powder or pill. Another form of this drug is the more popular drug known as crystal meth, which looks like shiny rocks that resemble glass or bluish-white rocks. Meth addiction is an issue that affects millions of Americans within a wide age range. Meth is a highly addictive substance, often leaving users hooked after the first try. For anyone wondering how to get off meth, there is help out there for you in drug addiction rehabilitation.
Meth enters the body by smoking, swallowing, injecting, or snorting. Either way this drug is introduced to the body, it's equally as harmful. Users experience an extreme high for a short period of time with this drug, which is why users abuse this drug as frequently as every hour.
Methamphetamine directly affects the brain by flooding it with the chemical dopamine. The rapid increase of dopamine in the brain produces feelings of extreme euphoria for a short amount of time. Users often try to replicate the rush they feel, so repeated use occurs. It doesn't take long for meth to take a toll on the body, however.
It's no surprise that negative side effects and serious health issues rapidly occur with meth addiction. Aside from the obvious risks of altering mental status and affecting decision-making capabilities, meth brings upon many other problems to the body very quickly.
There are short-term effects associated with meth addiction. There are alertness, increase in physical activity, increase respirations, lack of appetite, rapid and irregular heartbeats, heightened body temperature, and increase in blood pressure. These side effects can cause severe cardiac issues with time. Accidental overdose is very likely as well, given the frequency of use among users.
Long-term meth use disrupts cognitive thinking, such as remember, understanding and basic thinking. Other side effects that occur with long-term use include: "meth mouth" (decay and serious dental issues), rapid and severe weight loss, anxiety, itching that results in sores all over the skin, violent outbursts, paranoia, hallucinations, and confusion.
In addition, the constant rush of dopamine over time causes problems in the parts of the brain that drive emotion and memory. Basically, meth is known to "fry the brain." Overdosing on meth can cause serious effects like seizures, heart attack, stroke, and death. It's important for anyone with a meth addiction to seek professional help immediately.
Even those meth has so many The good news is that meth addiction recovery is available, and the sooner help is received, the better the chances are of repairing changes that have occurred in the brain.
Drug rehab centers offer residential and outpatient treatment for drug and alcohol addiction. Regardless of how severe you believe your addiction may be, there are dedicated drug treatment specialists waiting to help you through this transition to a better and healthier life.
Upon admission to a program, patients undergo physical and psychological evaluation to determine what the appropriate plan of care will be. From medical detox all the way to outpatient relapse prevention, drug treatment centers offer extensive therapy that will help with meth addiction recovery and all other forms of drug addiction as well. You don't have to wonder how to get off meth, you can actually achieve it by committing to addiction recovery and seeking professional help. Call today at (270) 844-4075 for more information on meth addiction and options for treatment.شهردار منطقه ۱۰ از آماده سازی منطقه برای برگزاری هرچه با صلابت تر جشن پیروزی شکوهمند انقلاب اسلامی و اجرای برنامه های فرهنگی و هنری همزمان با این روز در منطقه خبر داد.
به گزارش روابط عمومی شهرداری منطقه ۱۰، فرامرز عظیمی شهردار منطقه ۱۰ ضمن اعلام این خبر با تاکید براهمیت زنده نگه داشتن آرمان های امام راحل و انقلاب و انتقال آن به نسل های آینده، گفت: ترویج و تعمیق آرمان ها و اهداف انقلاب و امام راحل و منویات و اندیشه های رهبر معظم انقلاب، تلاش برای ارتقای سطح آگاهی های عمومی جامعه از انقلاب، آگاهی بخشی به نسل جوان، بازشناسی وجه تمایز انقلاب با سایر انقلاب های جهان، تبیین دستاوردهای علمی و فناوری انقلاب و نقش انقلاب اسلامی در بیداری اسلامی منطقه با محوریت ایجاد نشاط اجتماعی، پویایی برای حضور گسترده و هماهنگ مردمی از اهداف اصلی برگزاری برنامه های روز ۲۲ بهمن است که با اتخاذ تدابیر مناسب، تمهیدات و مقدمات آن فراهم شده است.
وی شرکت در راهپیمایی یوم الله ۲۲ بهمن را یکی از مهمترین برنامه های این منطقه برشمرد و گفت: در راهپیمایی یوم الله ۲۲ بهمن مدیران، کارکنان، بسیجیان و آحاد شهروندان به صورت پررنگ در صفوف منسجم راهپیمایی حضور خواهند داشت، همچنین با هماهنگی های انجام شده غرفه های فرهنگی و نشاط آور در مسیر راهپیمایی دایر خواهد شد و با توجه به موقعیت جغرافیایی منطقه ۱۰، پرچم داری قسمت عمده ای از مراسم با این منطقه خواهد بود.
به گفته وی، غرفه های منطقه در موضوعات مختلف با حضور تشکل ها، نهادهای مردمی، مدیریت محله، بسیجیان و … با مضامین “فرهنگ و هنر، نقاشی و بوم آزاد، توزیع محصولات فرهنگی، اسلام زیباست، شهریار شهر من باش، قرآن و عترت، ورزش و تفریحات سالم، خانه کودک، بسیج، سلامت، دستاوردهای انقلاب، نسیم بهشت و کمک به نگهداشت خوب شهر، بازیافت و کمپین آسمان آبی و زمین پاک و توزیع محصولات فرهنگی برای اقشار مختلف شهروندان برپا خواهد شد همچنین در اقدامی نمادین تعدادی از دانشجویان صحنه هایی از وقایع انقلاب را بر روی پنل ۶ متری ترسیم خواهند کرد و بزرگترین تلویزیون شهری به صورت موقت در مقابل ساختمان ستادی منطقه برای پخش کلیپ های انقلابی نصب خواهد شد.
شهردار منطقه یادآور شد: با هدف ایجاد شادابی و نشاط بین شهروندان، طرح آذین بندی و زیباسازی سیمای بصری منطقه و آراستگی معابر اجرا شد و طی آن تمامی میادین و همچنین ساختمان های شهرداری منطقه متناسب با این ایام با ریسه های رنگی و چراغ های کم مصرف آذین بندی و چراغانی شد. همچنین نصب ۲۵۰ مترمربع تبلیغات محیطی بر روی عرشه پل ها، ۴۷۰ مترمربع پرتابل، ۱۵۰ مترمربع آویز، ۹هزار متر ریسه رنگی، ۵۲ هزار متر ریسه ساتن ایران، ۶۷۰۰ متر ریسه شلنگی، ۵۰۰ متر کتیبه ایران، ۴۷ عدد داربست، ۹۵۰ مترمربع نصب بنر طاق نصرت، ۲۱۰ عدد پرچم و المان تزیینی و کارتن پلاست و اجرای ۳ هزار متر نورپردازی در مسیر های راهپیمایی و معابر اصلی منطقه با هدف اطلاع رسانی و هویت بخشی با مضامین انقلاب اسلامی در سطح منطقه از اقدامات انجام شده در طرح زیباسازی بوده است.
عظیمی یادآور شد: با توجه به اهمیت مشارکت مردمی در امر نگهداشت شهر و تحقق شعار آسمان آبی و زمین پاک، در روز ۲۲ بهمن علاوه بر آماده باش نیروهای خدمات شهری و بازیافت، گروه های ۴ نفره داوطلب مردمی و همکاران راس ساعت ۹:۰۰ صبح الی ۱۱:۰۰ نسبت به جمع آوری ضایعات خشک و پسماند در مسیر خیابان آزادی حد فاصل بزرگراه یادگار امام (ره) تا بزرگراه شهید نواب صفوی اقدام نموده و پس از توزین مقادیر جمع آوری شده، به گروه های چهار نفره اول تا سوم که بیشترین میزان را جمع آوری کنند جوایز ارزشمندی تقدیم خواهد شد.
شهردار منطقه ۱۰ از آماده سازی منطقه برای برگزاری هرچه با صلابت تر جشن پیروزی شکوهمند انقلاب اسلامی و اجرای برنامه های فرهنگی و هنری همزمان با این روز در منطقه خبر داد.150 morti e tanti interrogativi che riceveranno risposta non appena saranno interpretati i dati della scatola nera del volo Germanwings caduto sulle Alpi francesi. Gli elementi su cui si stanno concentrando le indagini, tuttavia, sono molteplici. Ci sono i dati del volo – velocità, altitudine, velocità variometrica – e i resti del velivolo sulla montagna. Si parte da questi, osservando che occupano un'area particolarmente estesa. Circa 2 chilometri che descrivono un impatto frutto di una discesa relativamente dolce. "Tutto lascia pensare che l'aereo non fosse molto appruato", ci dice un generale dell'aeronautica militare, cioè che l'inclinazione del muso fosse lontano dalla perpendicolarità rispetto al suolo. Quanto maggiore fosse stato l'appruamento, tanto minore sarebbe stata la dispersione dei resti. I dati di navigazione ci dicono inoltre che, durante la discesa iniziata intorno alle 9.31 UTC, la velocità è scesa sensibilmente, ma non in maniera tale da lasciar presagire alcuno stallo (da 480 a 380 nodi). L'eventualità che i due motori siano andati fuori uso, insomma, appare una volta di più lontana.
"Con un solo motore si può atterrare", ci dice il Generale, "e lo spegnimento di entrambi i motori è un'eventualità troppo remota". La pista terroristica, che più volte le autorità non hanno indicato come la più accreditata, si allontanerebbe ulteriormente se si considera una strategia dinamitarda. Un'eventuale esplosione nelle turbine e una messa fuori funzione dei motori "sarebbe stata visibile dal radar, come qualsiasi deflagrazione ad alta quota" e nulla di simile è stato osservato dalla base. Resta la discesa graduale ma decisa, non perpendicolare ma veloce. Si fa avanti l'idea di un malore ai piloti.
I piloti hanno modo di segnalare, pigiando dei tasti vicini alle loro gambe, tentativi di dirottamento e danni. Nulla di ciò è accaduto. Sono peraltro due, il che dà la possibilità all'uno di intervenire laddove non riesca l'altro. L'importanza della doppia presenza è tale che pilota e co-pilota sono costretti a mangiare pasti differenti per evitare che eventuali tentativi di avvelenamento colpiscano contemporaneamente entrambi. In queste ore si è fatta avanti l'ipotesi del parabrezza incrinato, che avrebbe fatto perdere coscienza agli aviatori facendo entrare in funzione una modalità automatica di riduzione di quota. A 38000 piedi, l'altitudine a cui si trovava il volo Germanwings, l'ossigeno presente nell'aria è del tutto insufficiente alla vita di qualsiasi animale (e le temperature si aggirano intorno ai -50° C). Anche qui non mancano gli interrogativi: possibile che i piloti non abbiano avuto il tempo di indossare le maschere di ossigeno? Possibile che l'aereo abbia proseguito la sua discesa in automatico senza attestarsi sui 10000 piedi?
Irrilevante, invece, l'ipotesi del carrello non funzionante. L'eventualità che tutto sia cominciato da questa parte dell'aereo si è fatta avanti riportando alla memoria il disastro sfiorato su un velivolo Lufthansa. "A 38.000 il carrello era stato già ritirato – ricorda il generale – e a quelle velocità è fisicamente impossibile aprirlo".索尼在日前推送了PS5主机测试性更新，主要内容是启用主机内的M.2接口，支持玩家自行扩容(www.2py.net)。在安装固态硬盘后，PS5会进行读取速度测试，然后允许将游戏移动或安装到固态硬盘上。油管频道Digital Foundry使用三星980 Pro SSD进行了性能测试，扩展存储也显示出令人鼓舞的结果。
在使用个人新追加的固态下，某些游戏的加载速度更快了，尽管在大多数情况下它只会将加载时间缩短几秒钟，但考虑到PS5的加载时间已经非常快，因此这几秒种的进步是令人印象深刻的壮举。
不过，PS5的SSD扩展并不像Xbox Series X那样简单地插入系统就可以做到，你需要先卸下系统外壳以及几颗螺丝钉才可以看到接口。同时建议为SSD添加散热器，因为它们在访问时往往伴随着升温。
而除了令人兴奋的第三方SSD支持以外，新的系统更新还带来了诸如新的UI等功能，以更好地将PS4和PS5的游戏划分开来。不过，SSD的支持显然是此次更新的重点，随着游戏文件大小的不断增加，PS5用户需要在系统中储存更多内容，删除某些游戏来为别的游戏腾出空间显得相当不方便。
不过，如PS4一样，PS5仍然不允许将游戏复制到外部驱动器，这使得当现在的驱动器出现问题时玩家没有办法备份他们的游戏。
Hacker! Criminali o eroi della rivoluzione informatica by Gianluca Pomante
Università
di Urbino - 20 novembre 2000
Convegno "Information Technology & Law"
Forse
non tutti sanno che la storia degli hackers inizia nell’inverno tra il 1958
e il 1959, presso il Massachussetts Institute of Technology di Cambridge, il
quartiere universitario di Boston, in un club studentesco di modellismo ferroviario
(Tech Model Railroad Club).
Solo
i migliori potevano accedere a quello che affettuosamente i ragazzi del club
chiamavano "il sistema", ossia l’intreccio di fili e releais che permettevano
ad un immenso plastico di funzionare. Le matricole acquisivano il diritto di
lavorare su di esso senza il controllo di un membro anziano solo dopo aver totalizzato
almeno quaranta ore di lavoro assistito.
"La
tecnologia era il loro parco giochi. I membri anziani stavano al club per ore,
migliorando costantemente il sistema, discutendo sul da farsi, sviluppando un
gergo esclusivo, incomprensibile per gli estranei che si fossero imbattuti in
questi ragazzi
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2(4):e0175430.
11. Ogunwale MA, Li M, Ramakrishnam Raju MV, Chen Y, Nantz MH, Conklin DJ, et al. Aldehyde Detection in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols. ACS omega. 2017;2(3):1207-14.
12. Flora JW, Wilkinson CT, Wilkinson JW, Lipowicz PJ, Skapars JA, Anderson A, et al. Method for the Determination of Carbonyl Compounds in E-Cigarette Aerosols. Journal of chromatographic science. 2017;55(2):142-8.
13. El-Hellani A, Salman R, El-Hage R, Talih S, Malek N, Baalbaki R, et al. Nicotine and Carbonyl Emissions From Popular Electronic Cigarette Products: Correlation to Liquid Composition and Design Characteristics. Nicotine & tobacco research: official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2016.
14. Gillman IG, Kistler KA, Stewart EW, Paolantonio AR. Effect of variable power levels on the yield of total aerosol mass and formation of aldehydes in e-cigarette aerosols. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP. 2016;75:58-65.
15. Farsalinos KE, Gillman G, Poulas K, Voudris V. Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines in Electronic Cigarettes: Comparison between Liquid and Aerosol Levels. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2015;12(8):9046-53.
16. Uchiyama S, Senoo Y, Hayashida H, Inaba Y, Nakagome H, Kunugita N. Determination of Chemical Compounds Generated from Second-generation E-cigarettes Using a Sorbent Cartridge Followed by a Two-step Elution Method. Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry. 2016;32(5):549-55.
17. Khlystov A, Samburova V. Flavoring Compounds Dominate Toxic Aldehyde Production during E-Cigarette Vaping. Environmental science & technology. 2016;50(23):13080-5.
18. Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Kurek J, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tobacco control. 2014;23(2):133-9.
19. McConnell R, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wang K, Urman R, Hong H, Unger J, et al. Electronic Cigarette Use and Respiratory Symptoms in Adolescents. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(8):1043-9.
20. Cho JH, Paik SY. Association between Electronic Cigarette Use and Asthma among High School Students in South Korea. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0151022.
21. Wang MP, Ho SY, Leung LT, Lam TH. Electronic Cigarette Use and Respiratory Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents in Hong Kong. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(1):89-91.
22. Sood AK, Kesic MJ, Hernandez ML. Electronic cigarettes: One size does not fit all. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(6):1973-82.
23. US Department of Health and Human Services. E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2016. https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/2016_SGR_Full_Report_non-508.pdf [accessed 01/08/2019].
24. Jha P, Ramasundarahettige C, Landsman V, Rostron B, Thun M, Anderson RN, et al. 21st-century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States. The New England journal of medicine. 2013;368(4):341-50.
25. Siqueira LM. Nicotine and Tobacco as Substances of Abuse in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2017;139(1).
26. American Lung Association. An Emerging Deadly Trend: Waterpipe Tobacco Use. [PDF–222 KB] Washington: American Lung Association, 2007 [accessed 01/08/2019].موبنا-19/01/87 عمان اير، خط هوايي ملي عمان که به "الطيران العماني" موسوم است، اعلام کرد که سرويس ارسال پيام و ايميل از تلفن همراه و لپ تاپ را به مسافراني که قصد مسافرت به خاورميانه را دارند، ارايه مي دهد.
به گزارش گروه اخبار خارجي “موبنا” به نقل از سايت خليج تايمز، بر اساس اين گزارش از اين پس مسافران مي توانند در طول پرواز از تلفن هاي همراه و گوشي هاي بلک بري همچنين سرويس هاي اينترنتي استفاده کنند.
اين سرويس از سال 2009 راه اندازي مي شود.
بر اساس اين گزارش، به تازگي هفت فروند هواپيماي ايرباس A330 به عمان اير تحويل داده شده که از سال 2009 به اروپا و آسيا پرواز خواهند کرد.
اين شرکت هواپيمايي از سرويس هاي مخابراتي و ارتباطي ” OnAir ” براي ارايه خدمات به کاربران استفاده مي کند.
مدير اجرايي عمان اير اعلام کرد که ما براي ارايه اين سرويس با OnAir همکاري مي کنيم و اين شرکت تنها ارايه دهنده سرويس هاي اينترنتي و موبايلي ارتقا يافته است.
OnAir به کاربران اين امکان را مي دهد که پيام کوتاه و ايميل نامحدود ارسال و دريافت کنند.
عمان اير از اعضاي سازمان هواپيمايي عربستان محسوب مي شود.
135/14Akciğerde Nodül-Leke
- Read Time: 1 min
Akciğer fiminde veya tomografide akciğerde bir çok nedene bağlı, büyüklüğü 3-4 cm den küçük, nodül (leke) dediğmiz oluşumlar görülebilir. Bu nodüllerin nedeni bir çok hastada iyi huylu nedenler (enfeksiyon, eski izler ) olabileceği gibi kötü huylu bir tümörün ilk aşaması olabilir.
Genelde genç veya sigara içmeyenlerde iyi huylu nedenler çok daha sık iken, orta-ileri yaşta ve özellikle uzun süre sigara içenlerde bu nodüllerin kötü huylu olma ihtimali daha yüksektir. Nodüllerin radyolojik, özellikle tomografideki görüntüleri de iyiveya kötü huylu olup olmadığı hakkında fikir verebilir. 1 cm den büyük nodüllerde PET-BT dediğimiz kanser tarama-ayırt etme yöntemi nodülün kötü huylu olup olmadığını ayırt etmede çok faydalıdır. Hastanın yaşı, sigara içip içmediği, tomografi ve PET-BT görüntüsüne göre bu nodüller ya belli aralıklarla takip edilirler veya uygun olan nodüllerde dışarıdan iğne ile parça alınabilir. Kötü huylu olma ihtimali daha yüksek olanların ise ameliyat ile çıkarılmaları gerekir çünkü bu safhada yakalanan kötü huylu tümörlerin ameliyat ile çıkarılmaları halinde tedavi şansları çok yüksektir.SeguoBuongiorno a tutti. Dato che il 28 luglio devo tornare alla Ghost Town con Uroboro, desideravo chiedervi alcune info:
- La chiesa rimane aperta solo per la celebrazione della messa?
- Gli interni dei vari edifici sono tranquilli o c'e possibilità di trovare qualche svalvolato nei paraggi (ve lo chiedo perché quando son salito io ho visitato solo gli esterni...)?by John Lewis, Andrew Aydin, and Nate Powell
Top Shelf Productions, 2013, 2015, 2016
This amazing trilogy is a multi-year project of former civil rights leader and longtime U.S. Congressman John Lewis, in collaboration with his advisor Andrew Aydin and graphic novelist Nate Powell. John Lewis’s purpose in publishing this work is to ensure that future generations of Americans remember the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and continue to learn from our nation’s not always proud past. March is written as a three-volume graphic novel, totaling about five hundred pages, with the intent to make it more accessible and interesting to young people.
Lewis’s objective is similar to that of contemporary Germany, which continues to teach its high school students about the Holocaust. In the words of Spanish philosopher Santayana, those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
Racial segregation and denial of equality to blacks in the South is arguably in the same realm of moral contemptibility as the Holocaust, minus the nationally sponsored genocide. Southern states and cities, employing their own law enforcement agencies, enforced inferior treatment of blacks, resisted black voter registration, and intimidated and beat those who struggled against segregation. Southern whites and the Ku Klux Klan burned homes and churches, beat and sometimes killed black citizens while the criminal justice system looked the other way or gave them a pass in the courts. The federal government under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson acted slowly and sometimes reluctantly, but it was the nonviolent civil rights protests – lunch counter sit-ins, voter registration drives, the freedom rides, the march on Washington in 1963, and the march to Montgomery two years later – that finally drew the attention of the nation and compelled the Johnson administration to intervene emphatically, culminating in Lyndon Johnson signing the Voting Rights Act in 1965.
March was written for those of my generation as well. While all the turmoil of the Civil Rights Movement was unfolding, I was in high school in upstate New York, followed by my freshman and sophomore years of college at UCLA. I confess I was only tangentially aware of what was transpiring in the South. And even had I understood and fully appreciated the importance of this struggle for social justice, I’m sure I lacked the courage to travel there, as many northern whites did, and join the fight. I have a good friend, a few years older than I, who served in the Air Force and was stationed in Biloxi, Mississippi, in 1961. He was more or less in the thick of it, but he told me recently that he, too, was oblivious at the time.
Although March is written with younger generations in mind, nothing is held back. The story is often angry and violent, and strong language is rampant because it was real. For those northerners who did have the courage to join the movement, “nigger lovers” were as detested by white southerners as “niggers.” Blacks died. Whites died.
Politics of course plays an overarching role. There is one moving scene where Nelson Rockefeller (remember him?) addresses the Republican National Convention in 1964. He warns the convention against the takeover of the Republican Party by “radical, well-financed, highly disciplined” conservative extremists – led, at the time, by Barry Goldwater. Rockefeller’s speech is greeted with a chorus of boos. And Lyndon Johnson, of course, fully realized when he signed civil rights legislation that the South would be lost to the Democratic Party for decades to come.
Anyone who believes the civil rights struggle was won in 1965 is deluded by the false narrative we still tell ourselves about American exceptionalism. The Supreme Court recently struck down provisions in the Voting Rights Act requiring Justice Department review of changes in voting regulations by certain states that, in the past, discriminated against minorities. No sooner was this ruling handed down than these same states cynically passed voter ID laws and restrictions that were blatantly crafted to suppress minority and Democrat votes. North Carolina and Texas are two leading examples. Lower courts have ruled against many of these states’ legislation and, thanks to the 4-4 deadlock in our current Supreme Court, North Carolina’s rules will not be in place in the November 2016 election.
Because of the same dysfunctional 4-4 Supreme Court deadlock – held firmly in place by Mitch McConnell’s refusal to hold a confirmation vote on a ninth justice to replace Antonin Scalia (this in our dysfunctional Republican Congress) – the Texas law remains in place, since, unlike the North Carolina law, it was upheld in the lower courts. So if you have a concealed carry permit in Texas, go vote (Republican); if you have a student ID, too bad.
Mass incarceration and subtly entrenched bias by law enforcement, both north and south, are further evidence that insidious discrimination is still rampant in America. The transgender bathroom dilemma is yet another example, proving that our underlying penchant for intolerance is not restricted to race.
So John Lewis’s important graphic work March ends with Book Three, but the state of America, here and now in 2016, clearly calls for a fourth volume. Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.EN ÇOK TANINAN BAKAN SEEHOFER
Bakanlar arasında en çok tanınanı, İçişleri Bakanı Horst Seehofer. Daha önce Bavyera Eyalet Başbakanı olan ve "İslam Almanya'ya ait değildir" tartışmasıyla haftalardır Alman kamuoyunu meşgul eden Seehofer'i tanıyanların oranı yüzde 36. Seehofer'i yüzde 33'lük oranla daha önce Hamburg Eyalet Başbakanı olan şimdiki Maliye Bakanı Olaf Scholz izliyor. Üçüncü sırada ise yüzde 24'le CDU'lu Savunma Bakanı Ursula von der Leyen var. Bir önceki hükümette Adalet Bakanlığı yapan şimdiki Dışişleri Bakanı Heiko Maas'ı da seçmenlerin yüzde 23'ü tanıyor.
Almanya'da en az tanınan bakanlar ise yüzde 1'le yeni Eğitim Bakanı Anja Karliczek (CDU) ve Başbakanlık Müsteşarı Helge Braun (CDU) oldu. Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Bakanı Gerd Müller'i (CSU) tanıyanların oranı yüzde 2, Çalışma Bakanı Hubertus Heil'i (SPD) tanıyanların oranı ise yüzde 3.
Kaynak: Hürriyet✦ Rekonstrüktif Mikrocerrahi• EMOT Plus’ta
Rekonstrüktif mikrocerrahi, çapı birkaç milimetreden küçük olan kan damarları ve sinirler gibi karmaşık yapıları onarmak için özel ameliyat mikroskopları ve hassas enstrümantasyonun kullanıldığı bir cerrahi disiplindir.
Mikrocerrahi, vücudun başka bir bölümünü yeniden inşa etmek için hastanın kendi dokusunu (bazen deri, yağ, kas veya kemik) nakletmeyi içeren bir ameliyat türüdür. Bu, en çok, genellikle travma veya kanser tedavisinden sonra, ameliyat sırasında doku bölgeleri yaralandığında veya çıkarıldığında ihtiyaç duyulur.
Rekonstrüktif plastik cerrahide örnekler arasında yarık dudak ve damak onarımı, meme kanseri için lumpektomi veya mastektomi sonrası meme rekonstrüksiyonu ve yanık yaralanmalarından sonra rekonstrüktif cerrahi sayılabilir.
Mikrocerrahi doku transferi, memeyi yeniden yapılandırmak için uzak bir yerden fazla deri ve yağın (fleplerin) kullanılmasını içerir. Çoğu zaman dokular karın ve kalçadan transfer edilir. Daha az yaygın olarak, uyluk flepleri kullanılır. Bu operasyonlar dayanıklı, estetik rekonstrüksiyonlar sağlayabilir.Alla fine del Settecento avvenne il primo incontro tra due mondi e due universi cognitivi differenti fino a quel momento estranei, ovvero quello europeo incarnato dalla figura di James Cook e quello dei nativi delle isole hawaiane. James Cook giunse nelle Hawaii il 17 gennaio del 1779 e nel suo “Diario di Bordo” riporta lo stupore che ha provato nel ritrovarsi circondato dagli indigeni esultanti che gli portavano in dono frutti. Gli indigeni iniziarono a prostrarsi dinanzi alla sua figura e ad adorarlo quasi fosse una divinità. Perchè accadde questo?
James Cook ed il suo equipaggio giunsero alle Hawaii durante il Makahiki, ovvero una cerimonia indigena della durata di quattro mesi nella quale viene celebrata la rinascita della natura e quindi credono ch il dio Lono, dio della fertilità e della crescita, tornasse sull’isola dal mare portando con se le abbondanti precipitazioni invernali. Per questo, il fatto che l’arrivo di James Cook coincise con il periodo di ritorno annuale del dio Lono, e per il fatto che il capitano Cook era una elemento estraneo e ignoto all’esperienza empirica dei nativi, essi lo identificarono con la divinità e per ciò iniziarono ad adorarlo ed onorarlo.
L’antropologo Marshal Shalins sostiene che in questo modo Cook si inserisce in una struttura della congiuntura, ovvero quell’insieme di eventi che rafforzano le categorie culturali tradizionali e al contempo conferiscono loro dei nuovi significati a partire dal contesto manipolato dai differenti attori sociali.
La notte del 3 febbraio l’equipaggio di James Cook prende la decisione di ripartire, proprio mentre si stava avvicinando la fine del periodo del dio Lono. Vedremo come questa coincidenza di eventi costò la vita a James Cook, creduto fino a quel momento dagli indigeni hawaiani come incarnazione terrena della divinità.
Purtroppo una tempesta, distruggendo parti della nave, costrinse Cook ed il suo equipaggio a far ritorno sull’isola per le riparazioni. Questo secondo incontro però ebbe caratteristiche totalmente opposte rispetto al primo; infatti mentre il suo primo arrivo sull’isola aveva rappresentato per gli indigeni l’arrivo del dio Lono, questa volta l’evento era difficilmente assimilabile nel loro universo conoscitivo e culturale poichè era inspiegabile all’interno del loro sistema interpretativo locale.
Infatti, secondo la cosmologia dei nativi hawaiani, al periodo del dio Lono caratterizzato dalla pace, succederebbe un periodo segnato da guerra e caos. Riportando delle frasi di Geertzm questo evento fu interpretato dagli hawaiani come un disordine cosmologico, un disordine che faceva
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我坐在家里，每天看着所有那些邻居一大早匆忙奔出家门，匆忙发动汽车，匆忙上班，而我却不行，这一切对我来说太艰难了。”
图源：Andrea Ucini at Anna Goodson Illustration for Mosaic
如今，世界各地都有医疗组织尝试记录类似唐娜这样的悲惨案例，其中，华盛顿大学西雅图分校的麻醉意外醒觉档案处进行了相当详细的分析工作。该组织成立于2007年，今天已经搜集到340多份报告——大多数来自北美——尽管这些报告书是保密的，但一些细节还是被发表在一篇论文中，这些案例非常具有启发性。
（www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007091217310176）
几乎所有经历这种痛苦的病患都提到，他们在全身麻醉之后仍然能听到人们说话的声音，或者其他响声（因为病患在手术中通常都是闭着眼的，所以视觉经历相当少见）。
图源：The Weinstein Company/youtube
其中一名病患说道：“我听到外科医生在播放音乐，我一直晕沉沉地在想，他为什么选择在手术中播放这类音乐。”另一名病患说：“我听到周围有几个人在交谈，他们似乎很慌张。我听到他们说，就要失去我了。”
也许你已经猜到了，在这些报告中，超过70%的案例都涉及到在手术中忍受巨大的痛苦。比如其中一位病患写道：“我先后感受到4个切口在被剖开时，带来的那种刺痛和烧灼感。好像先用一把锋利的小刀切断手指，紧接着那种烧灼的痛感随之而来，疼得无法忍受。”
另一位病患的手术需要在股骨上开一个大洞，这位病患回忆道：“手术中有两个细节我记得非常清晰。其中一件，当时我先听到钻头的声音，感到疼痛，然后感到钻头引发的震动传遍我的整个臀部。第二件事，是当他们一下一下把铆钉钉进我的大腿的时候，我的腿随之产生的震动。而那种疼痛是超出我想象的，世上怎么可能存在那样的疼痛……”
然而，这些病患中大多数人认为最让他们痛苦的事情，是神经肌肉阻滞剂带来的麻痹效果。首先，这种药剂给你的第一感觉是自己无法呼吸——对此，其中一位病患说，“那种恐惧感是人类承受不了的。”
接着，它将造成一种无助感。另一位病患回忆说：“我的脑海里充满了各种喊叫声，比如，‘难道他们不知道我醒着吗？！’或者，‘快睁睁眼给他们一个信号！’”
图源：The Weinstein Company/youtube
因为这些病患不知道自己为什么明明醒着却不能活动，这就进一步加剧了他们的恐慌。华盛顿大学的克里斯托弗·肯特（Christopher Kent）就是这篇论文的作者之一，他说：“这些病患根本没有任何可能搞清楚到底发生了什么。”他还说，其结果是让很多病患开始惧怕这就是他们临死前的那一刻。“这可以称得上是最糟糕、最可怕的麻醉体验。”
如果要估计麻醉意外醒觉的发生概率，根据所用统计方法的不同，得到的数字可能也相差很大，如果根据病患术后报告的数量进行估算，这种意外的发生概率似乎非常低。
由英国和爱尔兰麻醉师协会进行的第五次全国性审查，是该领域规模最大的调查之一，在英国与爱尔兰境内的所有公立医院都必须上报本年度所有的麻醉意外。在2014年公布的结果中，当年接受麻醉的所有病患中，发生麻醉意外醒觉的比例是每19000人中仅1人。如果算上麻痹药物造成的意外，这一比率会更高，大约每8000人中1人会遭受意外，毕竟麻痹药物可能会阻止病人向医生发出求救信号。
（academic.oup.com/bja/article/113/4/527/230769）
“可能还有更多的人在手术中是清醒的，
但他们在术后忘记了曾遭受过痛苦。”
这些看似并不高的概率数字的确让人安心，就像当年媒体在报道中所称，病患在手术中出现麻醉意外醒觉的概率，甚至还没有死于手术意外的概率高。这一数字似乎也印证了很多医生的猜测，他们认为麻醉意外醒觉的风险距离人们很遥远。
然而，这些数字很可能低估了实际情况，在伦敦圣乔治医院彼得·欧多尔给我解释了其原因。首先，这一系列调查依赖病患自行向医院报告手术中的麻醉意外——但很多人很难主动面对这样的意外，或者根本不愿想起来，他们宁愿把这样的经历远远抛在脑后。
另外，还要考虑到麻醉药物引发的记忆缺失，欧多尔说，“麻醉药物不仅可以干扰人们的记忆能力，而且，消除记忆所需的剂量也比消除意识所需的剂量少。因此，在麻醉时记忆很可能比意识更容易被消除掉。”
换句话说，可能还有更多的人在手术中是清醒的，但他们在术后忘记了曾遭受过痛苦。
为了研究这一现象，学者曾经提出过一种被称之为“前臂隔离法”（Isolated Forearm Technique）的研究方法。在麻醉之前，医疗人员在病患的前臂上绑一条止血带，借此推延麻醉药物到达前臂的时间。也就是说，在一段时间内，患者仍然可以用手做出动作。这样一来，医疗人员可以通过要求患者攥拳或打手势的方式，询问他们是否还有意识，或者询问他们是否处于痛苦之中。
在手术中应用前臂隔离法。
图源：Springer Link
威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的桑德斯最近与来自美国、欧洲、新西兰的6家医院合作，共同发起此领域目前规模最大的一项研究。在研究观察的260名病患中，有12名病患对研究者的第一个问题做出了确认反应，也就是4.6%的病患在手术中仍然保有意识。
与全国性审查公布的数字相比，这一比率高出了数百倍。不仅如此，在这些手术中保有意识的病患之中，每10人中就有4人——占全体受调查病患的1.9%——在研究者询问是否感到疼痛时给出了肯定的答复。
这一结果让人在伦理层面上左右为难。对此，桑德斯说：“无论什么时候，只要我和受训中的麻醉师聊天，我都会谈到这个哲学问题——如果病人不会记得这一经历，我们有必要在意这件事吗？”
桑德斯说，至于那些在前臂隔离法实验中有疼痛反馈，但术后无法回忆起手术经历的病患，目前并没有证据表明这些人随后出现了创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）或出现其他类似唐娜的心理障碍。由于并不存在不良后果，人们可能会认为在手术中暂时保有意识的确是不幸的，但同时也没必要对此敲响警钟。
然而桑德斯的研究让他很不安，他发起了一次民意调查，征集公众对这一问题的意见。桑德斯说，人们的观点千差万别，“大多数认为，仅仅是忘记了这一痛苦经历仍然不足以让他们安心。相反地，也有人认为只要事后不记得，这就不是什么问题，持这一观点的人虽然相对占少数，但人数依然惊人得多。”
对此，桑德斯认为，“患者是期待自己能在手术中失去意识的，而我首先是一名研究人员，我希望了解麻醉药物的药理，另外，我也是一名临床医生，我希望提供高质量的医疗护理并且满足患者的预期。因此，我有责任去搞清楚如何平衡药剂与身体反应，搞清楚真实的意外发生概率，搞清楚这对病患真正的伤害是什么，搞清楚病患到底会不会受到伤害，搞清楚我们有哪些办法能阻止这些伤害。”
图源：Andrea Ucini at Anna Goodson Illustration for Mosaic
无论怎么说，考虑到绝大多数病人在全身麻醉手术之后不会留下经历痛苦的记忆，那么至少存在一种危险，那就是将麻醉意外醒觉报道出来——比如本文——引发病患在手术前经历不必要的焦虑。
在最坏的情况下，这样的恐惧感甚至可能让一些人拒绝接受非常必要且必须的医疗手术。当然，桑德斯与其他麻醉学家都强调术后能明确回忆起手术过程的风险很小，但如果你对此很焦虑，你应该与医院的医疗人员谈一谈你的担忧。
对于是否应该让这一现象被传播到公众的视野里，长久以来一直存在着激烈的争辩。华盛顿大学档案处的报告书表明，对于一些遭遇意外的病患，由于他们手术前对麻醉意外醒觉知之甚少，其痛苦被成倍放大了。他们会认为之所以自己保有意识，是因为这就是濒死前的一刻。也许，如果他们在手术前就提前知晓这样的风险，一旦意外发生，至少可以减轻惊慌带来的那一部分痛苦。
如果人们进一步了解麻醉意外醒觉，也许还能让医疗人员更好地帮助经历了这一痛苦的病患。包括唐娜在内，很多经历这种痛苦的病患都感觉到自己的遭遇被专业的医疗人员误解了，甚至是被他们无视了。
对此，华盛顿大学档案处的统计研究发现，在那些记得自己经历了麻醉意外醒觉的人之中，75%的人对于医疗人员在术后的回应很不满，51%的人表示无论是外科医生还是麻醉师都没有对自己的惨痛经历表示同情。在这一人群中，只有10%的人在术后得到了抱歉的回应，只有15%的人在术后得到了心理咨询的帮助，或者创伤应对的相关帮助。
“至少存在一种危险，
那就是将麻醉意外醒觉报道出来——比如本文——
引发病患在手术前经历不必要的焦虑。”
唐娜说，在她接受手术的那家医院，很多员工对于她收到的创伤感到困惑不解。当她苏醒后，她曾经尝试告诉护士自己经历了什么，但是护士们只是静静地站在原地没有反应。唐娜说，“我永远无法忘记她们的表情，就好像她们吓傻了，她们完全不知道改如何应对这样的情况。”唐娜把这些都归因于医疗人员们并没有接受与这一现象相关的培训和教育，对此领域也缺乏了解。
多年后，如今的唐娜终于积攒了足够的勇气和力量，她正在尝试修正人生中的这个意外，她将与加拿大的多所大学合作，一起给在校的医生们普及麻醉意外醒觉的知识，以及帮助病患的最优应对方式。“我希望他们有所准备，因为当意外发生，你需要知道自己该如何应对那些病患，而这正是那些病患在术后恢复过程中关键的一步。”
图源：Medium
就像研究人员正在用前臂隔离法了解引发无意识状态的最优操作程序，所有努力的终极目标，是防止这类悲剧再次发生。桑德斯认为，“也许存在着一些特定的麻醉药剂组合，能恰好混合几种麻醉效果，让病患与周遭的感官世界更好地分离开来”。
如果我们能对麻醉状态认识得更深入，甚至还有另外一种可能性，反过来利用半清醒、半昏迷的状态，在手术中得到病患的一些反馈，帮助进一步治疗。在一些对照临床试验中，研究人员发现某些医学催眠手段的确可以对病患的手术体验产生影响——既然如今麻醉药剂正面临一些问题，也许正是实践新的催眠手段的良好时机。
在全身麻醉中，尽管遍布大脑的电信号似乎是受到了严重阻碍，但有证据表明在一部分脑区——包括听觉皮层在内——仍然保持着灵敏的反应，这也许意味着在病患进入麻醉状态后，医疗人员可以在手术过程中给病患鼓励甚至是建议，帮助他们减轻术后的痛苦。
虽然眼下的研究认为这种可能性并不高，但是德国耶拿大学医院的詹尼·罗森达尔（Jenny Rosendahl）和她的同事正在收集所有相关的有利证据。经过综合分析，他们发现在麻醉后继续与病患交流是有意义的，虽然目前他们发现此举对手术并不会产生惊人影响，但已经很显著地改善了病患术后恶心、呕吐的比率，而且减少了在术后用于缓解痛苦的吗啡用量。
当然了，没人会建议医生在手术中故意让病人保持清醒，但也许未来的某一天，在手术中更多的麻醉师将有可能利用大脑的一些能力获取更多信息。而作为病患，我们在半梦半醒之间听到、看到的经历有可能改善术后的恢复过程，这的确是个令人兴奋的想法。
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?Grabner Instruments, azienda del gruppo AMETEK, Inc., è conosciuta come una delle aziende più innovative al mondo nello sviluppo e nella produzione di apparecchiature automatiche per l’analisi di prodotti petroliferi.
Il successo di Grabner Instruments si basa sullo sviluppo di analizzatori di carburante e olio lubrificante altamente innovativi, completamente automatizzati, portatili, robusti , veloci e facili da utilizzare.
Il loro impiego è in laboratorio ma anche per rapidi test in loco in laboratori mobili .Cosa fare prima dell'intervento di blefaroplastica
Prima di procedere a qualunque intervento è necessario effettuare sempre una visita medica accurata ed effettuare alcuni esami ematici e un elettrocardiogramma.
Alla prima visita fa seguito la richiesta di esami preoperatori e di un elettrocardiogramma che dovrà essere visionato dal medico operatore e dal medico anestesista.
In questa fase è necessario informare il medico in merito alle abitudini di vita quotidiana (fumatore), all'assunzione di farmaci specie se antiaggreganti o anticoaugulanti e alla presenza di patologie specifiche dell'occhio (glaucoma, sindrome di sjogren) o relative alla salute generale (ipertensione e diabete).
Per ottenere i migliori risultati possibili, prima dell'operazione è necessario eseguire un disegno preoperatorio che tenga conto di tutti i difetti della palpebra. Il disegno fatto prima dell'operazione consente di operare una previsione ragionevole del risultato finale.
Sette giorni prima dell'intervento di blefaroplastica, è necessario smettere di assumere antiinfiammatori non steroidei (a base di acido acetilsalicilico, come per esempio Aspirina). Questo perchè questi farmaci hanno la caratteristica di favorire sanguinamenti ed ematomi durante e dopo l'intervento.Bu Makalede Neler Var? İçindekiler
- 1 a) Miri Arazi Ne Demek? Miri Toprak Nedir?
- 2 b) Miri Arazinin Kaynağı Nedir?
- 3 c) Miri Arazinin Özellikleri Nelerdir?
- 4 d) Miri Arazinin Türleri Nelerdir? Miri Arazi Çeşitleri Nelerdir?
- 5 e) Miri Arazi, Tımar Sistemi ve İşleyişi
- 6 f) Miri Arazinin Miras Yoluyla İntikali
- 7 g) Miri Arazinin Cumhuriyete İntikali
Miri arazi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda toprakların büyük bir kısmını oluşturmaktaydı. Miri topraklar olarak da adlandırılan bu toprakların özellikleri oldukça farklıdır. Üstelik sanılanın aksine miri arazi türleri, tek bir tane değildir. Miri toprakların türleri oldukça fazladır.
a) Miri Arazi Ne Demek? Miri Toprak Nedir?
Mir kelimesi amir kelimesinin kısaltılmışıdır ve mir unvanı da amir unvanı gibi hükümdarı ifade etmek amacı ile kullanılmıştır. Osmanlı sisteminde padişah dışında bir devlet tüzel kişiliği olmadığı için mirî araziyi devlete ait arazi olarak ifade etmek mümkündür.
Miri arazi kuru mülkiyeti (rekabesi) Devlete ait olup yaralanma hakkı (intifa hakkı) belli bir bedel karşılığında süresiz olarak kişilere tevfiz olunan arazidir. Bu arazinin tanımı Arazi Kanunnamesi’nin 3. maddesinde yapılmıştır. Arazi Kanununun 3. maddesine göre mirî arazi, kuru mülkiyeti (rekabesi) Devlete ait olup, hukukî tasarrufiyesi (yararlanma hakkı) ihale veya tefviz yolu ile belli kimselere verilmiş olan arazidir. Devletin miri arazi üzerindeki hakkı, mülkiyet hakkıdır. Tanzimattan sonra tımar sisteminin kaldırılmasına rağmen miri toprakların mülkiyetinin devlete bırakılması da bunu doğrulamaktadır (Cin, 1966: 765).
b) Miri Arazinin Kaynağı Nedir?
Bir arazi aşağıdaki nedenlerle mirî arazi vasıf ve niteliği kazanır (Cin, 1966: 754; Mardin, 1947: 19):
a) Fetih esnasında, Devletin fethedilen araziyi gayrimüslim ahalisine temlik veya savaşa katılan kişilere dağıtmayarak kendisinde alıkoyması,
Aslında Kanuni dönemine kadar fethedilen araziler hakkında öşri ve haraci arazi muamelesi yapıldığı bilinmektedir. Ancak Kanunî döneminin meşhur şeyhülislamı Ebussuud Efendinin “Osmanlı Devletinin ülkesinin tamamı mirî arazidir, öşrî ve haracî arazi yoktur” şeklinde fetva vermesi nedeni ile Suriye ve Irak dışındaki vilayet ve eyaletlerin tamamı hakkında mirî arazi işlemi yapılmış, daha sonraları bu iki vilayet arazisi de mirî arazi hükmünü kazanmıştır (Öner, 2005: 78).
Bazı yazarlar Osmanlı Devletinde haraci ve öşri arazi bulunmamasını Ebus
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percent of Americans at relatively affordable rates, but none of these landline regulations currently apply to IP-based service.
AT&T’s petition to move its traditional telephone services to IP-based services seems benign enough, but a closer look reveals troubling ramifications. In its petition, AT&T is asking the FCC to run tests of IP-based networks in certain, currently undetermined areas where it will phase out its landline services. In exchange for testing these networks and expanding its IP-based service, AT&T is asking the FCC for regulatory relief, claiming that the “burden” of these regulations is so costly as to prevent it from investing in next generation of networks.
“The trials we propose are intended to ensure that this transition takes place as smoothly as possible,” wrote Michael Balmoris, an AT&T spokesperson, in an e-mail to The Nation “They will allow consumers, service providers, and policy makers to identify issues that are raised by this transition, determine the best course to proceed going forward, and ensure that no consumer gets left behind in this transition.”
But the petition threatens to shed the very regulations that would protect consumers, say public interest advocates. Those “monopoly-era regulatory obligations,” AT&T argues, make “no sense” because they treat incumbents, like AT&T, as dominant providers in an IP-based broadband market that others lead. True, AT&T is not leading the broadband market, but it’s hardly struggling. Just last year AT&T was listed as the top Fortune 500 telecommunications company, with annual revenue of more than $126 billion.
“Nothing is stopping them from investing in the infrastructure,” says Edyael Casaperalta, program and research associate at the Center for Rural Strategies, an advocacy group that has been critical of the petition. “They certainly have the money to.”
In fact, the petition was filed just as the company announced a $14 billion dollar three-year plan to expand “U-Verse,” its brand of IP services, and its wireless and business networks. In a press release, the company said that the project would provide “high-speed IP Internet access via IP wireline and/or 4G LTE” to 99 percent of customer locations by 2014.
Many public interest advocates fear that the petition is a way to avoid regulating IP-based telephone services. “They are trying to start with a blank state,” says Olivia Wein, an attorney with the National Consumer Law Center. “That makes me nervous to flush all the rules.” Wein doubts that the company will accept regulation of these services after relaxing them during the test trials.
Given AT&T’s track record of providing slower broadband speeds to rural areas and tribal lands, many are skeptical that the company will act on its pledge to improve services for the entire country. Across the country, nearly 25 percent of rural Americans lack access to basic broadband, according to the FCC’s Eighth Broadband Progress Report. Fewer than 10 percent of Native Americans have access to broadband, according to a report by Native Public Media and the Open Technology Initiative at the New America Foundation. “We think the onus is on the FCC to ensure the focus is on consumers and competition, and to ensure the next generation of technology provides people access to reliable and affordable telephone service,” says Jessica Gonzalez, vice president of policy and legal affairs with the National Hispanic Media Coalition. “It’s important for poor people and people in rural areas who are often difficult to reach, where the business case to reach them isn’t as strong.” In a conference call last year, Randall L. Stephenson, president and CEO of AT&T, admitted that the company has yet to find an “economically viable” solution to bring broadband into rural America.
Infrastructure access issues aren’t the only aspects of the petition that concern public interest advocates. Another major issue is AT&T’s request to waive its obligation to provide universal service, a fundamental principle in the Communications Act of 1934, which extends communications services to rural and low-income areas. To implement this, the FCC established a set of policies and a Universal Service Fund, which is paid for by contributions from companies like AT&T. That fund supports several programs, two of which provide subsidized telephone installation and service. But in its petition to the FCC, rather than being obligated to provide universal service, the company is asking to move to a “procurement model,” in which companies would volunteer to provide services to rural and low-income areas, and therefore access universal service funds.
Without a universal service obligation, public interest advocates are concerned the company will have no incentive to serve rural and low-income areas. “Although AT&T argues that deregulation is a way to increase investment and build out,” writes the National Hispanic Media Coalition in its filed comments, “it is often the underserved and hardest to reach that are left out when profit maximization is the only consideration driving investment decisions.” The loss of the universal service obligation would affect a significant portion of the roughly 12 million households who reported receiving these universal service fund benefits in 2012, according to the Universal Service Administrative Company’s annual report.
Even households above the poverty threshold could be potentially priced out. Though an increasing number of people are using cellphones as their main telephone line, many low-income people and people of color choose landline phone service because it is “more reliable, affordable, and offers better service quality,” according to comments from the Greenlining Institute, a racial justice policy and advocacy group. About 90 percent of those age 65 and over live in a household with landline service, according to a 2012 report from the Center for Disease Control. Roughly 22 percent of Asians, 18 percent of blacks and 16 percent of Latinos have both wireless and landline telephone service, according to the same report. The price difference is rather stark. The least expensive AT&T family plan for cellphone service costs at least $59.99 a month for two lines with 550 voice minutes and no data, while a standard AT&T landline service with unlimited local calling costs about $30 a month, according to the company’s website.
Low-income communities wouldn’t be the only ones facing steeper prices, less protection and fewer options without these legacy regulations. Rural people who have historically been redlined out of reliable service from the telecommunications companies would also be impacted. “By requesting to retire [basic phone] services, AT&T is essentially asking the FCC to shut down the most accessible and reliable communications tool in rural America,” the Rural Broadband Policy Group wrote in their comments to the FCC. At least 14.5 million rural residents lack the broadband connection required for IP-based services, which means “millions of rural people risk an absolute loss of communication.”
The regulatory “relief” that AT&T wants to accompany its full IP transition could also impact basic rules and services that most people take for granted, like truth-in-billing, privacy, service reliability, protection from price gouging and protections from unauthorized charges. These regulations are covered only under Title II of the Communications Act, which ensures that telecommunications service providers like AT&T adhere to basic consumer protections. But IP-based services are not yet protected under Title II of the Act, which makes users vulnerable to exploitative corporate practices.
As AT&T fights this battle at the FCC, many of the ALEC-approved model bills with similar aims have been passed into law. One of the most recent victories for AT&T was in California, where last year legislators passed SB 1161, a bill that mirrors the FCC petition. Just as AT&T’s petition to the FCC seeks to do nationally, the passage of SB 1161 approved the deregulation of IP-based phone services in the state, eliminating any state role in regulating Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and IP-based telephone services. This removed the California Public Utilities Commission’s authority to ensure service quality and require companies like AT&T to provide reliable service to rural areas.
SB 1161 was just another blow to the state’s already bruised communication landscape. In 2006, the California Public Utilities Commission voted unanimously to allow companies like AT&T to raise telephone prices at will. Since then, AT&T’s price for landline phone service has leaped from $10.69 to $23 per month, and the monthly price for measured service, which charges a fixed rate for a limited number of calls, has skyrocketed 222 percent—from $5.70 to $18.35, according to the San Francisco Chronicle.
Advocates say it’s too soon to tell how SB 1161 will shake out and are waiting to see how the bill will affect service reliability and prices. “Enforcement is going to be the biggest issue,” explains Ana Montes, director of organizing at the Utility Reform Network, a statewide utilities consumer protection group based in San Francisco. Montes says she has already received complaints from callers who say they were forced to move to VoIP-based telephone services, which are largely unregulated.
As advocates wait to see the long-term costs of deregulation in states around the country, it seems some of the FCC’s commissioners are already smitten with AT&T’s plan. In a speech at conservative think tank the Hudson Institute in March, FCC Commissioner Ajit Pai praised the idea of an All-IP Pilot Program and criticized twentieth-century regulations that hinder innovation and investment. He continued, explaining that a path that “clings to the past” would lead us to “a less competitive future” where “innovative companies would avoid the voice business because of regulatory barriers.”
In February, during a speech at the Rural Telecom Industry Meeting and Expo, FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel echoed this, saying, “We are all wrestling with applying the laws of the present to the networks of the future, and we must make choices that inspire confidence and private investment in our nation’s infrastructure.”
For public interest advocates, the petition skirts the basic tenets of the 1996 Telecommunications Act’s universal service provision, an update from the 1934 Act, which guarantees nondiscriminatory, reliable and affordable communications access across the country. “Is what they’re asking for going to get us ubiquitous, uniform service? Will people be left behind in this picture?” asks the National Consumer Law Center’s Wein. “If there’s no duty to serve with some affordable connectivity, you will have people who are left out of this great transformation. Once again we will have a communications network that will need help reaching everyone and be ubiquitous. I think that should be the goal for the nation. You need people to be connected.”
On May 10, the FCC responded to the petition with a call for more comments from stakeholders on potential trials of landline to IP-based network transitions, a move that “disappointed” AT&T according to its public policy blog. The FCC will continue to take public comments on the petition until it reaches a decision, but there’s no definitive date by when it needs to decide. You can submit comments on the FCC’s public comment page at fcc.gov/comments.Syntax ، قواعد دستوری php
قواعد دستوری php شامل موارد زیر است:
- تگ های باز و بسته کردن php :
Php syntax ، مجموعه قواعدی است که مشخص میکند برنامه باید چگونه نوشته شود. مفسر php انتظار دارد که قواعد مشخصی برای دنبال کردن داشته باشد، و اگر این قواعد موجود نباشند شما با خطاها مواجه خواهید شد.
تمام کدهای نوشته شده در php باید به عنوان کد php مشخص شوند. مجموعه ای از تگ ها برای نشان دادن ابتدا و انتهای یک بلوک از کد استفاده میشوند، که در بین آنها هر مقدار کد میتواند نوشته شود.
تگ شروع " ?php) " و تگ پایان " ( ?" است. این تگ ها میتوانند برای پرش و نیز وارد شدن به حالت php هر تعداد بار در یک فایل php استفاده شوند، یک فایل php میتواند شامل عناصر html نیز باشد: : ( در مثال به جای() از علامتهای <> استفاده کنید)
- دستورالعمل اتمام php :
هر دستور نوشته شده در php به روشی برای نشان دادن پایان دستور نیاز دارد، برای اینکه بتوان هر دستورالعمل را بدون اشتباه انجام داد . سمی کولون ";" برای این هدف استفاده میشود.
بلوک کد بالا، شامل دو دستورالعمل جدا داخل برچسب های باز و بسته php است. هر دستور یا دستورالعمل با ; تمام شده است. بسیاری از خطا ها ناشی از فراموش کردن پایان دادن به دستور میباشند.
تگ بسته php نیز میتواند بعنوان پایان دستورالعمل برای آخرین دستور قبل از این تگ باشد.
- توضیحات php :
اگر تاکنون اصرار داشته اید متنی در وسط یک بلوک از کد php بنویسید، میتوانید نظرتان را به عنوان توضیح برچسب بزنید و بدون ایجاد خطا ادامه دهید.
شما میتوانید یک خط از کد و یا بلوک بزرگی از آن را توضیحی کنید. توضیحات توسط کسی که به کد php دسترسی ندارد، دیده نمیشوند. سه روش مختلف ممکن است برای ایجاد توضیحات استفاده شود:
توضیحات اغلب به دو هدف استفاده میشوند:
- برای ذکر کردن چیزی که در نقاط خاصی در طول یک بلوک کد ااتفاق می افتد. (شما احتمالا وقتی چند سال بعد به کد دست نخورده تان نگاه کنید، به خاطر استفاده درستی که از توضیحات کرده اید خدا را شکر خواهید کرد، و یا وقتی سعی کنید کد برنامه دیگری را درک کنید!)
- بطور موقت بخواهید یک خط یا چند خط از کد تفسیر نشود، بدون اینکه آنرا کامل حذف کنید. (در حین تست کد، گزینه مفیدی است.
- فضاهای خالی در php :
فضاهای سفید و خالی برای مفسّر php قابل توجه نیستند. شما میتوانید چندین سطر سفید در هر جای کدتان که خواستید ایجاد کنید، بدون اینکه هیچ مشکلی پیش بیاید.
تمام فضاهای خالی در مثال زیر توسط مفسّر نادیده گرفته میشوند:The dresses used by the bailaoras are possibly the most striking element of all the garments used during a flamenco performance. Its origins date back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the saleswomen went to cattle fairs dressed in modest calico gowns adorned with frills.
Since then, the wealthy classes used this humble garment as the reference to create their more sophisticated dressing using rich fabrics.
The design, materials and patterns of the garments have evolved over time. On the one hand, influenced by fashion, such as shortening the lengths of the skirts in the 1970s. But also in favour of the quality and expressiveness of the performances, allowing dancers greater movements without losing its role as accompaniment.
Those long robes were left aside as the standard because, at times, instead of enhancing the performance, they became a burden for the flamenco dancers. Today, closely fitting garments predominate; costumes that make it possible to admire the beauty of the movement of the dancers’ arms; long skirts, that are wide and glossy that the bailaora dominates with grace to accompany the taconeo (heel tapping). Occasionally, they may wear a dress with a train that has been specifically designed for a dancer and performance.
Fabrics and prints
Although the most typical would be polka dots, flowers have always been a favourite element, as well as combinations of colours. Lace is also used as an adornment and accessory or also as the main fabric of the costume.
In addition to the fashions and the personal taste of the artist, the dresses and accessories depend on the style being performed, as this will affect the choice of colours and accessories.
Thus, for an Alegría, the dancer will choose happy colours, extensive frills, and colourful ornaments and accessories. For a Soleá, on the other hand, the clothing will be more sober and dark to adapt to the feeling of the piece.
In the case of men, garments have evolved toward a more neutral colours. Male dancers usually wear two or three-piece suits, that are tight at the waist and short. The three piece suit allows them to vary during the performance, wearing a jacket, a waistcoat, or simply a shirt.
The predominant colours are neutral tones, black and white or dark grey and ochre, although it is also common for men to wear red.
Male dancers often use their garments as accessories during the dance. For example, there are frequent bullfighting movements using the garments by way of cape.
Accessories and adornments
In addition to the garments, accessories and ornaments are very important in the performance, and can even be used as part of the movements.
Accessories are understood to be other elements that complement the clothes and that the artists use as props during certain movements. The mantón (large shawl) or the mantilla or piquillo (small shawl), jackets, waistcoats and even aprons in the case of women, neckerchiefs or scarves, long and short jackets or waistcoats among men.
In the case of women, their appearance is often complemented with ornaments; colourful earrings and richly adorned combs that accompany head movements, flowers in their hair, frills and occasionally fans, as well as other items.
Mantón (large shawl)
The mantón must be large enough to comfortably cover the dancer’s outstretched arms. It should not be confused with the small pañoleta (neckerchief) used with “faralaes” dresses. It is also important that does not weigh too much so that it can be easy to handle.
The type of fan used for dancing is larger than traditional fans, and is known as a “pericón”. They tend to display plain colours, without pictures. They require study and practice in order to use them correctly.
Footwear for dancing
For all dancers, footwear is a crucial item. However, it is even more important in the case of flamenco, because the footwear of the dancers is also an instrument.
Flamenco shoes feature a nails in the toes and heels so that when the come into contact with a wooden floor, they increase the sound and power of the “taconeos” (heel tapping) on the stage.
Both men and women use shoes with a short heel that enhances the power of the footwork, and shoes with laces so that they do not move during the energetic movements of the dance.
In the case of men, the models vary between the shoe with laces and boots. Women use closed shoes, tied with shoelaces or a clasp to ensure they do not move during the dance.
Both men and women often use coloured shoes, a particularly striking detail when the rest of the costume is very sober.Portakallı Revani Tarifi
Portakallı Revani Tarifi için Malzemeler
- 3 adet yumurta
- 1 su bardağı yoğurt
- 1 su bardağı toz şeker
- Yarım su bardağı irmik
- Yarım su bardağı sıvı yağ
- 1,5 paket kabartma tozu
- 1 paket vanilya
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Şerbeti için;
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服务，以及一个舒适，无忧的车程到您的目的地，你应得的经过漫长，不舒服的飞行。我们的迎接和迎接包括航班跟踪，从着陆一个小时的等待时间，礼貌，当地知识渊博的司机准备帮助您与您的行李，并回答任何问题，以及一个梦幻般的车辆。在您的逗留期间，我们的司机也很乐意向您展示城市周围作为我们的 [布里斯托尔豪华轿车服务] 的一部分（/en/豪华轿车服务布里斯托尔）。Synonyms:—Carcinoma of the stomach; gastric carcinoma; gastric cancer.
Occurrence:—Malignant disease of the stomach occurs more frequently than any other form of cancerous development. Walsh showed it to be the seat of cancerous growth in 21.4 per cent of all cases of malignant disease—more than one-fifth. It occurs here primarily in most cases; it is seldom secondary.
Location:—Walsh also found that in 1,200 cases of cancer of the stomach, the disease was located in the pyloric region in 791 cases; at the lesser curvature in 148 cases; at the cardiac orifice in 104 cases; on the posterior wall in 68 cases; on the greater curvature in 34 cases; on the anterior wall in 30 cases, and on the fundus in 19 cases. It will be thus seen that nearly two-thirds of the cases involve the pylorus. Brinton explains this by the fact that the muscles in this location do a larger amount of work than those of any other part of the organ. It is probably also due to the fact that the contents of the stomach are brought more forcibly in contact with the walls of the stomach in this location, and that persistalsis tends toward this point. It is quite common for the duodenum to be involved also when the disease is located at the pylorus.
From the pylorus the disease spreads most rapidly and most widely in the sub-mucous tissue, is more rapid toward the cardiac orifice and in the lesser curvature.
Variety:—Most frequently the disease occurs as medullary carcinoma, second in order is the adenocarcinoma, and third, it occurs as scirrhus. The medullary form is of rapid growth, and necrosis of tissue occurs early while the disease is extending to other parts of the organ. In this, and also in the adenocarcinoma, there is a tendency to gelatini-form degeneration, with some hypertrophy in the shape of tumors, called colloid cancers. These are apt to cause adhesion between the stomach and other organs, and to extend their growth to other organs. Scirrhus cancer develops in the sub-mucous structures of a part or all of the stomach, in the form of a dense growth, causing the walls to become thick and hardened or leathery, sometimes designated as the india-rubber bottle stomach.
Etiology:—It has been argued that the disease follows chronic gastritis and ulceration, it being supposed that these diseases render the walls of the stomach favorable to the primary deposit of the cancer cells. Statistics, however, do not furnish much proof of this theory, as the percentage of cases is small in which these diseases were known to have previously existed. Indeed, it is true that very many patients who are found to have gastric cancer give a positive history of freedom from all symptoms of any previous stomach trouble, even of a mild character.
The disease occurs most frequently between the ages of forty and sixty years. Of these, thirty per cent occur between fifty and sixty. Lebert claims that the maximum liability is between the forty-first and sixtieth year. It seldom if ever occurs under twenty-one years of age, and is very rare under thirty. Heredity seems to exercise considerable influence in the causation of the disease. Fourteen per cent of about eighteen hundred cases furnished a family history of cancer. From hospital records it would appear that a very much larger portion of cases occurred in males than in females, but as a larger number of males are treated in hospitals than females, this may be erroneous. No race of people suffer from this disease in anything like the proportion in which the white race is attacked. While negroes suffer most from uterine cancer, the whites suffer far more from gastric cancer. The disease seldom occurs in the tropics.
Symptomatology:—The onset of this disease is often insidious. It is seldom if ever painful at this stage. In many cases there is no disturbance of the stomach, except perhaps a slight loss of appetite, which develops slowly. Conspicuous symptoms may not appear until the condition has been present a long time and has involved quite a considerable area of the stomach walls. Finally, the most common simple symptoms of stomach derangement occur, such as eructations of gas, and sometimes of food, a sensation of oppression in breathing after eating; eventually nausea appears, with occasional vomiting, which later occurs with increasing frequency, finally becoming persistent. If the vomiting does not occur until the food has had time to become digested, it may be inferred that the disease is located at the pyloric orifice. If there is some pain, with an inclination to vomit at the time the food is taken, the inference is that the disease is located at the cardiac orifice. In the latter stages of the disease the vomitus may contain considerable blood, or it may be composed of imperfectly digested food and some coffee ground substance, due to disintegrated blood corpuscles.
In another class of cases, pain is an early symptom, and continues throughout the entire course of the disease. It may exist in the form of a constant gnawing sensation or as a burning pain, or it may increase or diminish with the presence of food, or become at times sharp and colicky in character. Occasionally it may be located in the back, or in the loins, or beneath the shoulder blades, or in the right hypochondrium. Cancer of the pylorus is probably the most painful form of the disease.
From the first there is a loss of flesh and strength, although in rare cases this is not apparent. The patient becomes pale, the features shrunken, and gradually a marked anemia is plainly seen. The characteristic cachectic appearance may be observed early, and is plainly marked as the disease progresses. As the anemia increases, there is a peculiar pallor of the countenance, which, with the emaciation, is in itself a strong diagnostic factor. An examination of the blood shows appearances similar to those of pernicious anemia, usually with some leucocytosis, which increases if there is septic infection, ulceration or hemorrhage; the white cells may increase without leucocytosis.
In perhaps fifty per cent of the cases of gastric carcinoma there is a slight fever, which continues from day to day during the progress of the disease, although there may be no apparent rise in the temperature during the early stages of the disorder. The temperature does not exceed 100° or 100.5° F, and there may be a complete intermission at some period during each day. In other cases the temperature is subnormal, while the heart's action is weak and inefficient. The capillary circulation is usually imperfect. Constipation is quite persistent in most of the cases, but in rare cases diarrhea may be the rule, while in yet other cases constipation and diarrhea may alternate. Where hemorrhage has occurred the feces will be mixed with blood, more or less coagulated, or black and tarry from disintegration. Finally mild dropsical symptoms occur, such as swollen ankles or mild anasarca. If the disease extends to the liver, there is hypertrophy of this organ and jaundice. Occasionally these symptoms are so distinct as to cause a diagnosis of carcinoma of the liver to be made instead of the stomach. Extending to the peritoneum, the disease induces diffused peritonitis and ascites. Perforation of the stomach wall is a rare complication.
In an occasional case the nervous system becomes involved in the constitutional degeneration, and the patient becomes irritable, with occasional slight aberration. In other cases—and this condition is probably the most common—the patient becomes dull, indifferent, listless and is inclined to drowsiness as the fatal termination of the disease approaches. He sleeps a great deal, is difficult to arouse, and finally becomes comatose, with deep and labored breathing.
Diagnosis:—In making an examination over the stomach some hardness will be observed quite early; later the structural changes in the stomach are plainly apparent; whether of normal size or dilated, the outlines of the organ can be plainly seen. The hardened structure may be smooth and uniform, or it may be nodular and occasionally of movable masses. Sometimes these enlargements will be found to extend downward, a little to the right, and as far perhaps as even below the umbilicus. When the disease is in the lesser curvature of the stomach or at the cardiac orifice, it is with difficulty distinguished until it has become quite large. When the patient is lying on the back with the legs flexed, the pulsations of the aorta against the hardened mass may be plainly seen, and in rare cases peristalsis may be observed. The tumor moves usually with the respiration, a fact which is of importance in the diagnosis, as, if the induration is from gastric ulcer, it is likely to be immovable, as adhesions are more common.
The characteristic cachectic appearance of the patient is present in all cases, often being observed before other evidences have appeared. If there is pallor, emaciation and increasing debility without cachexia, this disease must be looked for, especially if the patient is above forty years of age. If Bright's disease and diabetes may be excluded as the cause of the anemia and pernicious anemia is not present, the presence of cancer may be inferred. The appearance of hypertrophy or tumor in the organ is reasonably positive evidence. This is confirmed if the characteristic burning, gnawing or twisting pain is present, accompanied with the vomiting of coffee-ground material. It must be remembered that in carcinoma of the stomach hydrochloric acid is almost persistently absent, and lactic acid is almost as persistently present. This may be determined by the use of various meal tests. The test for hydrochloric acid, as suggested by Gungburg, is as accessible as any. It is made of fifteen grains of phloroglucin, fifteen grains of vanillin and one ounce of absolute alcohol. The contents of the stomach, an hour after a test meal has been taken, are withdrawn and a portion of the fluid filtered. To a small quantity of the filtrate three drops of the reagent are added, and this is evaporated in a porcelain dish. A bright rose red tint will appear along the edges of the evaporated substance.
In an occasional case a microscopical examination will discover the cancer cells in fragments of disintegrated tissue, but the absence of cancer cells does not prove the absence of the disease.
Prognosis:—The prognosis is always unfavorable. If the case recovers from treatment, the diagnosis of cancer is questioned. An early diagnosis, followed by a surgical operation before the constitutional symptoms were too pronounced, has resulted in temporary relief from the disease and a prolongation of life. In a few cases, it is claimed, there has been no evidence of a return of the disease after the operation. The disease runs its course in from one to two years.
Treatment:—The medical treatment will be directed to the relief of the conspicuous symptoms, more than to the cure of the actual condition. I am positively in favor, however, of treating the early cases with our specific remedies. I believe we may thus antagonize the development and progress of the disease, may postpone anemia, emaciation, nervous irritation and organic complications, and thus materially prolong life. The use of hydrastis, capsicum, xanthoxylum and geranium maculatum will do much to preserve the integrity of the organ, and echinacea will antagonize the growth and development of the cancer cells. Hydrochloric acid should be given with every meal. The food should be selected with as much care as in cases of gastric ulcer. It should be predigested and its assimilation encouraged. When vomiting from obstruction of the pyloris is persistent, the food should be given per rectum. Nausea and vomiting should be treated in order to relieve, whenever possible. The hemorrhage must be persistently combated. Constipation should be overcome, and last, but not least, the pain should have constant attention. While various measures will relieve much of the pain, when mild, in the severe cases nothing but morphin will be found sufficient. Conium maculatum, cannabis indica and hyoscyamus should be used with other indicated remedies to relieve pain. Often the pain may be prevented by predigesting the food, or administering active digestives, with hydrochloric acid, during or immediately following the meal.
While gastric lavage is beneficial in a few cases, ordinarily it induces additional irritation and greatly increased pain, and often increases the danger of perforation.
When the disease can be determined as exclusively in the walls of the stomach, and not involving other structures, a surgical operation will usually prolong life. It is doubtful if a complete cure is ever effected by this means.
The Eclectic Practice of Medicine with especial reference to the Treatment of Disease, 1910, was written by Finley Ellingwood, M.D.Nessun suono da casse e altoparlante interno pc portatile?
Ho un problema.
Utilizzando i vari programmi Winamp, Windows Media Player o anche YouTube, il sonoro dei filmati e delle canzoni non si sentono, sia con le casse esterne che con l'altoparlante interno del computer portatile. Il pc segnala la presenza del suono, ma non lo trasmette. Che cacchio devo fare????
2 risposte
- 1 decennio faRisposta preferita
prova a fare cosi:
Pannello di controllo > Suoni, Voci e Periferiche Audio > Regolare il Volume di Sistema > e vedi! potrebbe semplicemente essere lì! a me non mi è mai capitato di dover aggiornare i Driver!
- 1 decennio fa
prova ad aggiornare i driver
senno prova a vedere le impostazioni se c'è qualcosa disattivatoبه گزارش خبرنگار برنا از آبادان، همایون قنواتی مدیر کل فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی منطقه آزاد اروند با عنوان اینکه کشورهای لبنان، عمان، تونس، عراق، اردن، بحرین و ایران در این جشنواره حضور دارند، اظهار کرد: برگزاری رویدادهای فرهنگی در هر کشور و میزبانی از دیگر کشورها، به منزله امنیت و ثبات کشور در برپایی مراسمات مهم و بین المللی است.
در ادامه، جمال نصاری دبیر جشنواره بین المللی شعر سپید عربی منطقه آزاد اروند با اشاره به دستاوردهای این جشنواره در هشتمین دوره خود اظهار کرد: در این رویداد، هشت اثر مکتوب رونمایی خواهد شد که متشکل از مجموعه شعر و ترجمه است.
او با بیان اینکه جشنواره در دو بخش نقد و بررسی و شهر خوانی برگزار می شود، گفت: جشنواره بین المللی شعر سپید عربی منطقه آزاد اروند در دو بخش نقد و بررسی و شعر خوانی در دو شهر آبادان و خرمشهر برگزار می شود که صبح ها جلسات نقد و بررسی و عصر ها شعر خوانی برگزار می شود.
نصاری افزود: رونمایی از هشت کتاب چاپ شده در بخش نقد و بررسی انجام خواهد گرفت و از شاعران و مترجمین این کتب دعوت به عمل آمده است.
لازم به ذکر است که هشتمین جشنواره بین المللی شعر سپید عربی اروند از 25 الی 28 دی ماه جاری با حضور 6 کشور خارجی در منطقه آزاد اروند برگزار می شود.به گزارش اقتصادنگار به نقل از ایسنا، از آبان ۱۳۹۸ که عضویت آزمایشی ایران در اتحادیه اقتصادی اوراسیا آغاز شد، دو طرف بنا را بر آن گذاشتند که پس از یک دوره سه ساله، به جمع بندی همکاریهای جدید بپردازند و در نهایت حکم به عضویت دائمی ایران در این اتحادیه و آزادسازی تجارت بدهند.
در سالهای گذشته و با وجود تحریمها و شیوع کرونا، میزان تجارت مشترک ایران و اوراسیا، کاهش جدی نداشت و حتی در برخی حوزهها پیشرفتهایی را نیز به ثبت رساند، از این رو به نظر میرسد با آزادسازی تجارت مشترک، امکان افزایش قابل توجه صادرات وجود خواهد داشت.
رئیس سازمان توسعه تجارت از تاکید رئیس جمهوری ایران بر لزوم اجرایی شدن موافقت نامه اوراسیا خبر داده و گفت: تاکید داریم که موافقت نامه تجارت آزاد اوراسیا قبل از اتمام سال ۲۰۲۲ به امضا برسد.
آمارها نشان میدهد که بخش مهمی از تجارت مشترک ایران با این اتحادیه به روسیه اختصاص دارد اما امکان آنکه دیگر کشورهای عضو این اتحادیه نیز نقش بزرگتری در تجارت ایران ایفا کند وجود خواهد داشت. رحمتالله خرمالی، مدیرکل آسیای میانه، قفقاز و روسیه سازمان توسعه تجارت ایران با اشاره به هدفگذاری سه میلیارد دلاری تجارت با قزاقستان طی سه سال آینده گفت: طبق آمار گمرک ج. ا. ایران حجم مبادلات دو کشور در سال گذشته حدود ۳۰۰ میلیون دلار بوده است؛ اما طبق آمار گمرک قزاقستان این رقم بیش از ۴۰۰ میلیون دلار است.
خرمالی افزود: در دو ماهه ابتدایی سال ۱۴۰۱ حجم مبادلات ج. ا. ایران با قزاقستان ۶۰ میلیون دلار بوده که عمدتا در بخش تامین محصولات کشاورزی، مواد غذایی و محصولات ساختمانی مانند سیمان بوده و واردات ایران از قزاقستان نیز عمدتا در حوزه غلات، جو و دیگر اقلام مورد نیاز کشور است.
وی ادامه داد: طبق هدفگذاری صورت گرفته توسط مسئولان کمیسیون مشترک ایران و قزاقستان که در اسفندماه انجام شد، حجم مبادلات دو کشور تا ۳ سال آینده به ۳ میلیارد دلار افزایش پیدا میکند که صادرات خدمات فنی و مهندسی در این هدفگذاری دیده شده است؛ همچنین در حوزههای نفتی نیز زمینه همکاری وجود دارد.
مدیرکل آسیای میانه، قفقاز و روسیه سازمان توسعه تجارت ایران با اشاره به سفر رییس جمهوری قزاقستان به ج. ا. ایران گفت: در جریان این سفر در حوزه تجارت چند سند به امضا رسید که سند همکاری سازمان توسعه تجارت ایران و مرکز توسعه صادرات قزاقستان و همچنین سند همکاری صندوق ضمانت صادرات ایران و صندوق ضمانت قزاقستان و سند همکاریهای آموزشی از جمله این موارد است.
در صورتی که همه چیز طبق برنامه پیش برود، تا پایان سال ۲۰۲۲، امکان تجارت آزاد میان ایران و پنج کشور روسیه، قزاقستان، قرقیزستان، ارمنستان و بلاروس به وجود خواهد آمد و این موضوع میتواند چه در حوزه تامین نیازهای وارداتی و چه در به دست آوردن بازارهای صادراتی، نقشی کلیدی ایفا کند.Cattlemen's Day, 2007; Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station contribution; no. 07-179-S; Report of progress (Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service); 978; Beef; Cattle; National Animal Identification System (NAIS); Cow-calf producers
The introduction of a National Animal Identification System (NAIS) into the United States has generated much confusion and controversy. The goal of the NAIS is to utilize 48-hour traceback in the event of an animal disease outbreak, identify all animals that have had contact with the diseased animal, and link animals to their premises of origin. The NAIS has led to new technology and guidelines with the potential to change the production and marketing landscape of the beef
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ito primario; Il verbo non è stato completato correttamente perché è stato annullato da un altro verbo.
LUA_TERMINATED
Codice restituito secondario; RUI_TERM è stato emesso mentre RUI_PURGE era in sospeso.
LUA_PARAMETER_CHECK
Codice restituito primario; Il verbo non è stato eseguito a causa di un errore di parametro.
LUA_BAD_DATA_PTR
Codice restituito secondario; il lua_data_ptr è stato impostato su Null.
LUA_BAD_SESSION_ID
Codice restituito secondario; È stato specificato un lua_sid non valido per il vcb.
LUA_INVALID_POST_HANDLE
Codice restituito secondario; Per un Windows sistema operativo che usa eventi come metodo di pubblicazione asincrono, il vcb lua di Windows non contiene un handle di evento valido.
LUA_RESERVED_FIELD_NOT_ZERO
Codice restituito secondario; Un campo riservato nel record verbo o un parametro non usato da questo verbo è stato impostato su un valore diverso da zero.
LUA_VERB_LENGTH_INVALID
Codice restituito secondario; Un verbo LUA è stato rilasciato con il valore di lua_verb_length imprevisto da LUA.
LUA_STATE_CHECK
Codice restituito primario; Il verbo non è stato eseguito perché è stato emesso in uno stato non valido.
LUA_NO_RUI_SESSION
Codice restituito secondario; RUI_INIT non è ancora stato completato correttamente per il nome LU specificato in questo verbo.
LUA_UNSUCCESSFUL
Codice restituito primario; Il verbo fornito era valido, ma il verbo non è stato completato correttamente.
LUA_INVALID_PROCESS
Codice restituito secondario; Il processo del sistema operativo/2 che ha emesso questo verbo non è lo stesso che ha RUI_INIT per questa sessione. Solo il processo che ha avviato una sessione può rilasciare verbi in tale sessione.
LUA_NO_READ_TO_PURGE
Codice restituito secondario; Il lua_data_ptr non contiene un puntatore a un vcb RUI_READ o RUI_READ prima dell'RUI_PURGE stato eseguito.
LUA_COMM_SUBSYSTEM_ABENDED
Codice restituito primario; indica una delle condizioni seguenti:
Il nodo usato da questa conversazione ha rilevato un ABEND.
La connessione tra il programma di transazione (TP) e il nodo dell'unità fisica (PU) 2.1 è stata interrotta (errore LAN).
SnaBase nel computer TP ha rilevato un ABEND.
LUA_SESSION_FAILURE
Codice restituito primario; Un componente Host Integration Server richiesto è terminato.
LUA_LU_COMPONENT_DISCONNECTED
Codice restituito secondario; indica che la sessione LUA non è riuscita a causa di un problema con il servizio di collegamento o con l'host LU.
LUA_RUI_LOGIC_ERROR
Codice restituito secondario; è stato rilevato un errore interno all'interno di LUA. Questo errore non deve verificarsi durante il normale funzionamento.
LUA_INVALID_VERB
Codice restituito primario; Il codice verbo o il codice dell'operazione o entrambi non sono validi. Il verbo non è stato eseguito.
LUA_STACK_TOO_SMALL
Codice restituito primario; Le dimensioni dello stack dell'applicazione sono troppo piccole per eseguire il verbo. Aumentare le dimensioni dello stack dell'applicazione.
LUA_COMM_SUBSYSTEM_NOT_LOADED
Codice restituito primario; Non è stato possibile caricare un componente obbligatorio o è stato terminato durante l'elaborazione del verbo. Di conseguenza, la comunicazione non è stata possibile. Contattare l'amministratore di sistema per un'azione correttiva.
LUA_UNEXPECTED_DOS_ERROR
Codice restituito primario; Dopo l'emissione di una chiamata al sistema operativo, è stato ricevuto un codice restituito imprevisto del sistema operativo specificato nel codice restituito secondario.
Commenti
RUI_READ possibile attendere per un tempo illimitato se viene inviato senza usare l'opzione lua_flag1.nowait (restituzione immediata) e non sono disponibili dati nel flusso specificato. RUI_PURGE forza la restituzione del verbo in attesa (con il codice restituito LUA_CANCELED).
Questo verbo viene usato solo quando RUI_READ è stato emesso ed è in attesa di completamento. Il codice restituito principale è LUA_IN_PROGRESS.In an attempt at consistency, the pronunciations in the Audio Shakespeare Pronunciation App are rendered into what is commonly referred to as “restored” or classical Latin. Many Latin words and phrases have entered the English language. Clearly, it is best to pronounce these in the manner with which the audience is most familiar. Thus, the letter c is always hard in classical Latin pronunciation. Names such as Caesar and Cicero should be pronounced as they are commonly sounded in English with the soft c.
These pronunciations reflect what is called “Anglicized” Latin. “Anglicized” Latin pronunciation was prevalent in Britain until the end of the 19th century. At that moment a movement arose to “restore” or codify Latin pronunciation. To complicate matters further, there is another form of pronunciation, church Latin. It is Italianate in style. Some may find the style to be appropriate for ecclesiastical references or greetings. The greatest problem with the classical pronunciation is the use of the w for the v. It produces the sounds of WAY-nee, WEE-dee, WEE-kee for Caesar’s famous quote “Veni, vidi, vici”. In this case, we have provided a pronunciation more common for American ears. It would be VAY-nee, VEE-dee and VEE-chee which is church Latin.
Readers should feel free, if they prefer, to use the v sound whenever the w sound appears. If a pronunciation is other than classical, we have indicated such in parentheses. We have included blunders and those instances where a character’s incorrect use of Latin suggests a pronunciation. In the words of A Dictionary of Latin Words and Phrases, “anything goes” in the pronunciation of Latin.Learning Challenge: Create a replacement part for a working piece of machinery at home using a 3D Printer to create the piece.
Background: The local Cricket Club, who have a close association with our school came to see us because they had a BBQ Knob that need replacement. Rather than replacing the entire BBQ they requested that we be able to manufacture a replacement part that would be functional and would allow them to continue using the BBQ without having to replace the entire BBQ.
Task: We had the original part and were able to make an accurate copy of it as a result. The students had to make detailed measurements of the replacement piece.
Level of Difficulty: Low/Moderate - as we had an original part we did not need to experiment with the measurements or the details. We simply used the existing measurements (so in this example the students did not carry out a written plan first, we were also on a restricted timetable).
|The replacement part, mounted on the BBQ next to the original piece.|
Issues: The students were able to complete this repair by the following day. The only issue came with the width of the internal gap to allow the knob to be connected to the BBQ. Students had to work out a way to identify the circumference of the internal gap and the depth of it. The gap also featured a sleeve which was metal as a heat protection feature. This sat inside knob.
Timeframe: The students were able to complete the task following a sample print run. Using Tinkercad they were able to produce a prototype the same day. It had to be corrected to allow for the internal gap to connect it to the BBQ. Once one had been printed and the students realised that the gap needed to be adjusted they were successfully able to do so. The second print worked.
|Above: The replacement piece in action|
Size: The finished product took approximately half an hour to print and measure 5cm by 5cm and had a depth of 5cm.
Process: The students had an original piece on which to base their designs. This meant that instead of creating an original piece they were replicating a replacement piece. We are going to pay close attention to the longterm success of the part - currently there is no apparent damage to the 3D Printed part as a result of the cooking process however overtime we need to continue to monitor this. We could look at manufacturing the inner sleeve to protect it if required, however at this stage it does not appear to be an issue. The fact that this worked and the students were able to turn it around so quickly was a strong bonus.
Problem Solving: Measurement - specifically in this instance the depth required from the internal part and the circumference of the internal circle. The concept seemed to be understood clearly by the students but the process involved proved a small stumbling block. While generic ones could be ordered online it allowed an opportunity to ensure we could design an individual piece that was tailor made for the BBQ.
How Can You Contribute:
Have you used a 3D Printer to repair something at home? Have you designed or repaired something at home that needs replacing and can you send us the details so we can share and use your examples to encourage others?در خصوص ارتباط دریافتهای غذایی و کرونا شواهد زیادی وجود ندارد اما می توان از مصرف غذاهایی که سیستم ایمنی را تضعیف می کند اجتناب نمود.
در این شرایط استفاده از غذاهای سرخ شده و روغنهای نامطلوب نظیر روغن های جامد گیاهی و روغنهای جامد حیوانی و روغن های مخصوص سرخ کردنی که اسیدهای چرب ترانس بالا دارند باید پرهیز شود.??? 国家平面控制网是确定地貌地物平面位置的坐标体系，按控制等级和施测精度分为一、二、三、四等网。 大地基准是建立国家大地坐标系统和推算国家大地控制网中各点大地坐标的基本依据，它包括一组大地测量参数和一组起算数据，其中，大地测量参数主要包括作为建立大地坐标系依据的地球椭球的四个常数，即地球椭球赤道半径，地心引力常数GM，带球谐系数J2（由此导出椭球扁率f）和地球自转角度w，以及用以确定大地坐标系统和大地控制网长度基准的真空光速c；而一组起算数据是指国家大地控制网起算点（成为大地原点）的大地经度、大地纬度、大地高程和至相邻点方向的大地方位角。 “大地原点”亦称“大地基准点”，即国家水平控制网中推算大地坐标的起标点。
??? 建国初期，我国使用的大地测量坐标系统是从前苏联联测过来，其坐标原点是前苏联普尔科沃天文台，这种状况与我国的建设和发展极不相称。为此，国家有关方面决定建立我国独立的大地坐标系统。从1975年开始组织人力，搜集分析了大量资料，并根据“原点”的要求，对郑州、武汉、西安、兰州等地的地形、地质、大地构造、天文、重力和大地测量等因素实地考察、综合分析，最后将我国的大地原点，确定在泾阳县永乐镇石际寺村境内。目前我国的大地原点位于陕西省泾阳县永乐镇北洪流村，是全国天文大地网整体平差时确定的。它是“1980西安坐标系”大地坐标的起算点。 大地原点的整个设施由中心标志、仪器台、主体建筑、投影台等四大部分组成。高出地面25米多的立体建筑共七层，顶层为观察室，内设仪器台；建筑的顶部是玻璃钢制成的整体半园形屋顶，可用电控翻开以便观测天体；中心标志埋设于主题建筑的地下室中央。建成后不久，“大地原点”还增设并施测了国家基本重力点和天文基本点。它在我国经济、国防建设和社会发展等方面发挥着重要作用。Triangolo cinese: petrolio - yuan - oro
È noto che la pietra miliare di massa nel commercio di petrolio verso questa valuta è diventata una pietra miliare nella creazione dell'egemonia del dollaro USA nel mondo. Insieme alla liquidazione dello standard del dollaro in oro nella 70 del 20 ° secolo, ebbe luogo la formazione dello standard valutario, che si basa sul petrodollaro. Un ruolo decisivo nella nascita di tale standard è stato svolto dall'allora segretario di Stato americano Henry Kissinger, che ha tenuto una serie di negoziati con i leader dell'Arabia Saudita e di altri paesi esportatori di petrolio. Li ha convinti a passare alla vendita di oro nero esclusivamente per dollari americani, promettendo in cambio sostegno politico e militare. È stato proposto che i petrodollari risultanti fossero collocati nelle banche americane con una percentuale decente. Entro la fine degli 70. il monopolio del dollaro USA come valuta dei prezzi e valuta degli insediamenti nel mercato globale dell'oro nero era indiviso.
In quattro decenni, il mondo è cambiato molto. Sorgevano gravi rischi per l'egemonia del dollaro. Un numero crescente di paesi sta dichiarando la necessità di liberarsi dal dominio della valuta americana, che si è trasformato da un modesto strumento di pagamenti, pagamenti e investimenti in uno strumento di ricatto politico da parte di Washington. Uno dei settori prioritari della dedollarizzazione è la transizione dei paesi nei pagamenti internazionali verso le valute nazionali dei paesi che partecipano alle relazioni commerciali ed economiche. Le maggiori opportunità qui sono quei paesi che sono grandi esportatori e importatori di petrolio.
Nel mondo ci sono già molti esempi di emancipazione di successo dal dollaro USA. Ad esempio, l'Iran. A causa delle sanzioni economiche imposte da Washington, Teheran è stata costretta a passare a programmi di baratto negli scambi con altri paesi, così come il rial iraniano, le valute nazionali dei paesi partner e l'oro monetario.
Un altro esempio è la Cina. Il suo desiderio di passare all'uso del renminbi negli insediamenti internazionali non è dovuto a sanzioni economiche, ma a piani di vasta portata per diventare un leader economico e finanziario mondiale. I preparativi per la sostituzione del dollaro con lo yuan sono in corso da molto tempo e in modo impercettibile. Un importante traguardo in questo processo è stato il renminbi che ha ottenuto lo status di una valuta di riserva inclusa nel "paniere dei DSP". La decisione è stata presa dal FMI nel dicembre 2015 ed è entrata in vigore il 1 2016 di ottobre. La quota dello yuan in questo paniere è del 11 percento, ha preso il terzo posto dopo il dollaro USA (40%) e l'euro (31%), davanti alla sterlina britannica e allo yen giapponese. Al momento in cui lo yuan ha ricevuto lo status di valuta di riserva, faceva già parte delle riserve ufficiali in valuta estera di 38 delle banche centrali 130 del mondo.
Il renminbi che ottiene lo status di una valuta di riserva è un evento importante, ma piuttosto simbolico. Non ci sono segni che alcune banche centrali si siano affrettate ad aumentare la quota dello yuan nelle loro riserve valutarie. Negli 11 mesi dopo l'entrata in vigore della decisione del FMI, la posizione del renminbi negli insediamenti internazionali e nelle riserve internazionali non è cambiata molto, rimangono molto modesti. Secondo il sistema di insediamento internazionale SWIFT, a metà di quest'anno, la quota del renminbi negli insediamenti internazionali era del 1,98%. Questo è il sesto posto dopo il dollaro USA (40,47%), Euro (32,89%), sterlina britannica (7,29%), yen giapponese (3,16%), dollaro canadese (2,04%). In agosto 2015, la valuta cinese è salita per la prima volta al quarto posto in popolarità per gli insediamenti internazionali, davanti allo yen giapponese e al dollaro canadese. Il successivo affondamento del renminbi può essere parzialmente spiegato dal deterioramento delle relazioni tra Stati Uniti e Cina dopo l'arrivo di Trump alla Casa Bianca.
Tuttavia, Pechino sta combattendo ostinatamente per aumentare la quota del renminbi negli insediamenti internazionali. All'inizio del quarto trimestre dello scorso anno, il numero di paesi commerciali della Cina e di Hong Kong, che ha effettuato almeno il 10% degli insediamenti in RMB, ha raggiunto 57. In due anni, il numero di tali paesi è aumentato di 7. In generale, il numero di paesi che hanno utilizzato lo yuan nei loro calcoli ha raggiunto 101 un anno fa.
Uno dei passi importanti nel trasformare lo yuan in una valuta internazionale sono stati i seguenti eventi sugli scambi cinesi.
All'inizio di settembre, i media cinesi hanno riferito che il trading di futures sul greggio è iniziato in Cina. I contratti futures sul petrolio saranno negoziati allo Shanghai International Energy Exchange e le negoziazioni saranno aperte a società straniere. Quest'estate il trading di futures sul petrolio è già passato in modalità test.
Al fine di rendere questo strumento più attraente, ai clienti sarà data la possibilità di effettuare insediamenti su di esso in oro. E per questo, due scambi di futures (da aprile 2016 a Shanghai e da luglio 2017 a Hong Kong) hanno iniziato a negoziare futures sull'oro denominati in RMB.
Gli esperti valutano questi eventi come rivoluzionari. Dopo qualche tempo, possono trasformare non solo i cinesi, ma anche l'economia globale.
In primo luogo, può iniziare uno smantellamento graduale del commercio di oro nero, basato sulla posizione di monopolio del dollaro USA. Gradualmente, un numero crescente di contratti per la fornitura di petrolio (non solo futures, ma anche a condizioni spot) verrà concluso in RMB. Altri grandi paesi esportatori e importatori di petrolio possono seguire l'esempio della Cina; ci si può aspettare che appaiano contratti in rupie indiane, rial iraniani, rubli russi, ecc.
In secondo luogo, alcuni esperti considerano l'opzione fornita dalla Cina ai partecipanti alle transazioni petrolifere per convertire le entrate in futures sull'oro come garanzia che lo yuan sarà fornito con oro. E si stanno facendo previsioni di vasta portata su un possibile rilancio del gold standard, prima in Cina e poi in altri paesi. Vor
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پس از حضور در نشست مجمع بسیج شهرستان فیروزآباد و سخنرانی در کارگروه اقتصاد کشاورزی این مجمع، به همراهی حبیب الله کوهکن سرپرست مدیریت جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان فیروزآباد از طرح های مجتمع در دست ساخت گاو شیری 1800 راسی دو قلات واقع در منطقه ی روستای جایدشت، مزارع کشت کلزا روستای نودران و شبکه انتقال آب سنتی بابکان ( بناب ) در منطقه ی آتشکده بازدید و به بررسی و پیگیری مسائل و مشکلات این طرح ها پرداخت.Il cammino dell'anno oratoriano 2010-2011
Todos sean uno - 7 messaggi alle comunità educative
Il percorso dell'anno oratoriano per il 2010 / 2011 è un cammino ricco di stimoli, che mette al centro la comunità educativa dell'oratorio.
Traendo spunto dalle sette lettere che l'evangelista Giovanni scrive a sette chiese dell'Asia Minore per ricordare loro che Cristo non le lascia sole e che possono correggere i propri errori, il vescovo Luciano ha scritto sette lettere a immaginarie comunità che incontriamo sul cammino da Brescia a Madrid.
E-mail: [email protected] essential weapon in the body's fight against infection has come into sharper view. Researchers at Princeton University have discovered the 3D structure of an enzyme that cuts to ribbons the genetic material of viruses and helps defend against bacteria.
The discovery of the structure of this enzyme, a first-responder in the body's "innate immune system," could enable new strategies for fighting infectious agents and possibly prostate cancer and obesity. The work was published Feb. 27 in the journal Science.
Until now, the research community has lacked a structural model of the human form of this enzyme, known as RNase L, said Alexei Korennykh, an assistant professor of molecular biology and leader of the team that made the discovery.
"Now that we have the human RNase L structure, we can begin to understand the effects of carcinogenic mutations in the RNase L gene. For example, families with hereditary prostate cancers often carry genetic mutations in the region, or locus, encoding RNase L," Korennykh said. The connection is so strong that the RNase L locus also goes by the name "hereditary prostate cancer 1." The newly found structure reveals the positions of these mutations and explains why some of these mutations could be detrimental, perhaps leading to cancer, Korennykh said. RNase L is also essential for insulin function and has been implicated in obesity.
The Princeton team's work has also led to new insights on the enzyme's function.
The enzyme is an important player in the innate immune system, a rapid and broad response to invaders that includes the production of a molecule called interferon. Interferon relays distress signals from infected cells to neighboring healthy cells, thereby activating RNase L to turn on its ability to slice through RNA, a type of genetic material that is similar to DNA. The result is new cells armed for destruction of the foreign RNA.
The 3D structure uncovered by Korennykh and his team consists of two nearly identical subunits called protomers. The researchers found that one protomer finds and attaches to the RNA, while the other protomer snips it.
The initial protomer latches onto one of the four "letters" that make up the RNA code, in particular, the "U," which stands for a component of RNA called uridine. The other protomer "counts" RNA letters starting from the U, skips exactly one letter, then cuts the RNA.
Although the enzyme can slice any RNA, even that of the body's own cells, it only does so when activated by interferon.
"We were surprised to find that the two protomers were identical but have different roles, one binding and one slicing," Korennykh said. "Enzymes usually have distinct sites that bind the substrate and catalyze reactions. In the case of RNase L, it appears that the same exact protein surface can do both binding and catalysis. One RNase L subunit randomly adopts a binding role, whereas the other identical subunit has no other choice but to do catalysis."
To discover the enzyme's structure, the researchers first created a crystal of the RNase L enzyme. The main challenge was finding the right combination of chemical treatments that would force the enzyme to crystallize without destroying it.
Korennykh groupAfter much trial and error and with the help of an automated system, postdoctoral research associate Jesse Donovan and graduate student Yuchen Han succeeded in making the crystals.
Next, the crystals were bombarded with powerful X-rays, which diffract when they hit the atoms in the crystal and form patterns indicative of the crystal's structure. The diffraction patterns revealed how the atoms of RNase L are arranged in 3D space.
At the same time Sneha Rath, a graduate student in Korennykh's laboratory, worked on understanding the RNA cleavage mechanism of RNase L using synthetic RNA fragments. Rath's results matched the structural findings of Han and Donovan, and the two pieces of data ultimately revealed how RNase L cleaves its RNA targets.
Han, Donovan and Rath contributed equally to the paper and are listed as co-first authors.
Finally, senior research specialist Gena Whitney and graduate student Alisha Chitrakar conducted additional studies of RNase L in human cells, confirming the 3D structure.
Now that the human structure has been solved, researchers can explore ways to either enhance or dampen RNase L activity for medical and therapeutic uses, Korennykh said.
"This work illustrates the wonderful usefulness of doing both crystallography and careful kinetic and enzymatic studies at the same time," said Peter Walter, professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the University of California-San Francisco School of Medicine. "Crystallography gives a static picture which becomes vastly enhanced by studies of the kinetics."
Support for the work was provided by Princeton University.
Han, Yuchen, Jesse Donovan, Sneha Rath, Gena Whitney, Alisha Chitrakar, and Alexei Korennykh. Structure of Human RNase L Reveals the Basis for Regulated RNA Decay in the IFN Response Science 1249845. Published online 27 February 2014 [DOI:10.1126/science.1249845]Amburgo (askanews) - Il caso dei due fucilieri di Marina Massimiliano Latorre e Salvatore Girone, accusati dell'omicidio di due pescatori del Kerala durante un'attività antipirateria a bordo del mercantile "Enrica Lexie", è approdato ad Amburgo nella sede del Tribunale internazionale del diritto del mare dove si è tenuta la prima udienza dopo la richiesta dell'Italia di apertura di un procedimento di arbitrato internazionale.L'Italia chiede che Salvatore Girone, ancora trattenuto in India, possa rientrare in Italia, che Massimiliano Latorre, attualmente in convalescenza a casa dopo il grave malore subito, possa restarvi per tutto il tempo del procedimento arbitrale e che l'India cessi di esercitare qualunque tipo di giurisdizione sul caso, risalente al febbraio del 2012.In sostanza, il governo italiano rivendica il suo diritto di giurisdizione esclusiva sull'incidente, compresa la giurisdizione criminale sui fucilieri di Marina imbarcati sulla nave nonché il diritto all'immunità rispetto alla legge indiana di cui godono i militari in quanto funzionari dello Stato nell'adempimento di compiti autorizzati.Roma, in particolare, sottolinea come Girone, ormai da tre anni, venga trattato come un ostaggio e trattenuto in India nonostante la mancata presentazione di qualsiasi capo d'accusa da parte della magistratura indiana.Dal canto suo, il governo indiano, tramite la sua rappresentante ad Amburgo, l'avvocato Neeru Chadha, dirigente del ministero degli Esteri di Nuova Delhi, ribadisce la piena titolarietà dell'India nella vicenda aggiungendo che le vere vittime dell'incidente sono i due pescatori uccisi e non i militari italiani che hanno sopportato inconvenienti legati al loro status di accusati di omicidio ma che non sono paragonabili alla sofferenza e alla perdita sofferte dalle vittime e dalle loro famiglie.There are conflicting opinions about Hearst Castle - some are delighted with this castle - new generation and others believe that the superlatives for Hearst were exaggerated and the whole castle was overpraised. What is certain is that if Hearst is not so great, at least it certainly is quite interesting.
Hearst Castle is located on the central coast in California. This magnificent property is included in the national register of historic landmarks of the United States. It was built in 1926 on behalf of media mogul - William Randolph Hearst. The project was awarded to designer Julia Morgan, which had some very interesting solutions for the interior of the castle. Inside there are many Italian and Spanish antiques.
Hearst Castle was completed in 1947, and ten years later, the media boss Corporation donated the property to California. From that moment on Castle Hearst was open for public visits, allowing guests to enjoy the amazing collections of art and the beautiful gardens at the mansion. Although the Hearst Castle is located to far from some large urban center, there are approximately one million visitors a year.
The gardens around the palace are spectacular. You can see the so called, Neptune Pool. The castle has a very interesting history, being reconstructed and revised three times, while satisfying the claims of its owner.
The main focus in the basin of Neptune is the facade of an ancient Roman temple that William Hearst purchased and shipped to California. Inside the Hearst Castle particularly impressive is the dining room as it’s height is that of the five-storey block and situated in it is a giant table and on the wall you can see four of the six largest world tapestries.
The total number of rooms in the castle is 165 and the entire complex with its gardens, terraces, pools and alleys occupy nearly 514 thousand square meters. You can visit the castle by bus. Until a certain stage of the road you can reach by car, after which there is a special parking still built that offers a free bus that transports you up the spiral path to the castle itself. The data center states that every minute or two a bus is full with tourists.Friedrich Specht (German, 1839-1909) Terriers Fighting For a Doll
Friedrich Specht (German, 1839-1909)
Terriers Fighting For a Doll
Black chalk, watercolor and bodycolor on paper
5 1/4 x 8 1/4 in
Signed: F. Specht
After completing his studies at Stuttgart Academy, Friedrich Specht began his painting career specializing in the depiction of animals. He is best known for his illustration of Alfred Edmund Brehm’s (1829-1884), encyclopedia Illustriertes Tierleben. Eine allgemeine Kunde des Tierreichs, 1864-1865 (The Life of Animals), a massive ten-volume work on animal life that enjoyed popular success well into the late nineteenth century and beyond. It may be assumed that Specht’s many illustrations for this work contributed to its renown as many were used to adorn other books or provided patterns that were often imitated by other artists.
Specht’s accomplished style is fully illustrated in these enchanting watercolors of the domestic cat and dog and in many ways explain the artist’s popularity. He manages to capture the playful yet mischievous nature of the animals, fully rendering the character and movement of each breed. Each composition is skillfully composed to create the most aesthetically pleasing image possible.
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Friedrich Specht (German, 1839-1909) Three Kittens Playing with a Ball of WoolSolar pool heating is using the energy provided by the sun for the heating of pools. Solar energy being ever present provides an easy and appropriate alternative to the present sources of energy for the heating. Solar Pool heating reduces costs significantly for swimming pool heating. The use of solar energy in solar pool heating is very cost effective for most of the climates. Solar Pool Heaters are remarkably easy to use and understand and can be implemented with ease.
Working of Solar Pool Heating
Major Components of Solar Pool Heater-
- Solar collector
- A Filter
- Flow control valve
Pool water is first flowed through the filters. The filters help in removing dirt and debris present in the water before it goes to the collector. Solar collector is the device where the water is heated by the sun through circulation before it is returned back via pump. Collectors can also be used to cool water in hot climate by circulation in the night time when temperature is marginally low. Solar collectors can be glazed or unglazed depending on the requirements. Unglazed collectors are cheaper and can be easily and efficiently used for temperatures above freezing point.
The hot water is then pumped back in a controlled in a controlled way back to the pool with the help of a pump and a control valve.
The flow of heating can also be automated as the required temperatures can be logged into the Digital controller connected with the pump of the solar pool heater.
Benefits of Solar Pool Heating
Solar Pool Heating is not only environment friendly but also flexible and cost effective. It is dependable and durable. Moreover there is hardly any maintenance required after installation. Apart from the obvious environmental benefits, some of its premiere cost benefits are:
- Durable : Solar Pool Heating is a durable technology and can easily outlast its electric equivalent. The Technology has a warranty of 10 years and can last upto 15-20 years with normal maintenance.
- Cost Effective : Though Solar Pool Heaters have a comparatively higher installation cost, the solar pool heaters can become profitable very fast. The utility bills are decreased by a good margin with this technology. There is an abundant supply of hot water regardless of the energy being used. It costs between $3,000-4,000 and has a payback time of around 1.5-7 years according to the climate and the usage of the pool.
- Low Maintenance cost : After the Solar pool heater is installed it hardly requires any maintenance. Unlike the electric pool heaters which should be serviced every year by a technician there is very little maintenance and hassle involved in their solar counterparts.
- Extension of the Swimming Season : Solar pool heaters keeps the pools warmer and hotter for longer parts of the year. Whether or not the there is an existing heater, the solar pool heaters use the solar energy which can be tapped easily and judiciously.
Limitations of Solar Pool Heating
Though the green technology has various benefits and a simple enough working, it carries some vital disadvantages as well with it. It does have some working limitations as it is dependent on the climate of the area. Also being a developing technology it faces an untapped hesitant market. Some of the major issues regarding solar pool heaters are as follows:
- Space Required : The collectors require a proper space for installation, where it can tap the sunrays efficiently. Moreover if solar panels are also used there can be some cramming for spaces for the installation of the technology.
- Sun quintessential : Solar technologies work only when there is a sufficient and diligent sun out as a source. Also if the pool is not covered in the nighttime, there can be an escape of heat and a loss in efficiency. There are no storage units where the energy can be stored for the usage in future.
- May Require Backup : Solar pool heater can efficiently work for warming a pool by 10 degrees. But more than 15 degrees would require a conventional backup for solar pool heaters. This would in turn increase the utility bills and the pay-back time.
- Cost Related Issues : Solar Pool heating generally has a good payback time and is reasonable as an investment. But when not installed in the proper location or at a place not having proper sunlight, it can lead to lower usage and therefore an increase in the payback time. The payback time may even be longer than the warranty period. Therefore to avoid this issue, before installation the system space, size and efficiency should be compared with the needs. So should the costs of installation and the climate needs be evaluated with the service provider.
Case Study- Sun Systems-Scottsdale, Arizona
In Arizona, several of communities have started adapting to solar pool heating services. Terravita is one such community. The community has approximately 1380 homes and has an Olympic sized pool. In September 2008, Terravita started looking for greener and more viable options for the operation of their pool. With the assistance of Sun Systems Inc. a plan for improving the capital of the community was formulated.
A 20’ wide walkway was built the pool and the clubhouse. Angled at 17 degrees and it supports a 106 unglazed 4’X8’ solar pool collectors totaling 3392sq ft. The Automated Solar system produced as much as 1.6 Btu per day. The system saves around 37% of natural gas usage for the Terravita homeowners. The utility costs saved were around $22,000 per year. A payback time of only 2.5 years was another achievement for the project.
Solar Pool Heating is very easy to be implemented and it leads to a great reduction in the utility bill related to the pool. With the growing innovations in the solar technology there is an increase in the sophistication leading to an efficient usage. The tapping of solar energy in the pool heating is increasing leading to lesser need of Sun rays. Some of the many firms providing the Solar Pool Heating services are-helicol, aquathermindustries, Apricus Solar, etc.خرید لوله پلیکا در اندازه های مختلف که نمره ۸ یکی از آنهاست؛ به منظور انجام کارهای ساختمانی انجام می شود. مرحله لوله کشی ساختمان بسیار مهم بوده و باید ازمحصولات مقاوم و با دوامی برای این کار استفاده شود.
یکی از مهم ترین قسمت های انجام کارهای عمرانی یک ساختمان، مرحله لوله کشی می باشد. لوله های U-PVC یا پلیکا از بهترین و با دوام ترین لوله ها برای این کار می باشند. لوله پلیکا مقاومت بسیار خوبی در مقابل زنگ زدگی، پوسیدگی و سایر شرایط محیطی دارد.
انواع لوله پلیکا
- لوله پلیکا، خاصیت غیر رسانایی داشته و در مقابل خوردگی مقاومت می کند.
- لوله پلیکا در برابر بسیاری از مواد شیمیایی مقاوم است.
- سبک بودن در حین مقاومت بالا، از مزایای قابل توجه است.
- تحمل فشار زیادی داشته و در برابر شکستگی مقاوم است.
- لوله پلیکا در برابر ضربه مقاوم است.
- لوله پلیکا، باعث آلودگی و تغییر آّب نمی شود.
- عایق حرارتی
به طور کلی انواع لوله پلیکا در سه دسته فشار ضعیف، فشار قوی و نیمه قوی جای می گیرند.
همچنین لوله پلیکا با توجه به موارد استفاده ای که دارد؛ در انواع سایزها تولید می شود. از اندازه قطری ۱٫۲ اینچ تا ۱۶ اینچ.
لوله پلیکا نمره ۸
خرید لوله پلیکا در اندازه های مختلف انجام می گیرد. بدون شک مصارف مختلف لوله کشی به سایزهای خاص لوله پلیکا نیاز پیدا می کنند.
یکی از پر کاربردترین سایزهای
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the time of their marriage. Those records also documented that Margaretha (Baker) Bentley (circa 1831-1909) was a 36-year-old widow who was a native of Bavaria, Germany, and that Godfrey, a farmer, had been born in the Kingdom of Württemburg (now the German state of Baden-Württemburg).
* Note: Margaretha Assenheimer’s maiden name was “Baker.” Her married surname (from her first marriage) was spelled on various records as “Bendle” or “Bentley.”
A son, William (1869-1886), was born in Michigan 1869, and was followed (respectively on 10 April 1872 and 1 May 1874 in Fredonia Township, Calhoun County, Michigan) by daughter Matilda Margaret (1872-1946) and son Herman (1874-1951).
According to the federal census of 1880, Godfrey Assenheimer continued to reside in Fredonia Township, Calhoun County, Michigan with his wife, Margaret, and their children, William (aged 10), Matilda (aged 8), and Herman (aged 6). Tragically, just six years later, their eldest son, William, was gone, having passed away on 3 October 1886 in Fredonia Township. Michigan death records noted that he had been employed as a farmer at the time. He was interred at the Lyon Lake Cemetery in Wrights Corners, Calhoun County.
The 1890 U.S. Census of Union Veterans and Widows of the Civil War provided an even finer level of detail, noting that Godfrey Assenheimer was a resident of the community of Ellis in Fredonia Township, and that he had sustained an injury to his eyes at some point during his Civil War service. That same year, on 17 May, his wife Margaret celebrated her 55th birthday. The Marshall Statesman documented the occasion a week later in its 23 May 1890 edition:
Last Saturday, May 17th, was the 55th anniversary of the birthday of Mrs. Godfrey Assenheimer, and the day was made memorable to her by a surprise visit from her sons George and John Bentley, of Jackson, and Joseph Bentley, of Marshall, who brought with them a beautiful couch and rocking chair and presented them to her. They were accompanied, by their wives, and all remained until Monday.
Three years later, 21-year-old daughter Tillie married 25-year-old Gottlieb Fousel on 2 March 1893 in Calhoun County. A farmer and resident of Tekonsha in Calhoun County, Gottlieb was a son of Christian and Louise Fousel. Then, on 29 September 1897, 23-year-old son Herman, a farmer, also wed in Calhoun County, taking as his bride Nettie M. Hatfield, a 23-year-old resident of Ludington, Michigan and daughter of R. Hatfield.
By the turn of the century 1900, Herman’s surname was being shown on various records as “Ossenheimer.” A fireman, he resided in the Jackson County’s City of Jackson with wife Nettie and their children, Donald (born August 1898) and Marguerite (born September 1899).
Death and Interment
A farmer for much of his adult life, Godfrey Assenheimer lived a life of courageous moments worthy of celebration. From the time of his emigration from Germany to the United States, to his fight to help preserve America’s Union during the U.S. Civil War—to the pioneering spirit he showed in relocating from Pennsylvania to Michigan in order to grow both a family and a successful future in farming. A witness to America’s Industrial Revolution and the turn of the century, he passed away in Fredonia Township, Calhoun County, Michigan on 5 May 1901, and was buried in the same cemetery where his eldest son, William, had been laid to rest 15 years earlier—Lyon Lake Cemetery in Wrights Corners, Calhoun County.
Nearly eight years later to the day, his widow Margaret followed him in death, passing away in Calhoun County, Michigan on 15 May 1909. She was laid to rest beside her husband and their son at the Lyon Lake Cemetery in Wrights Corners, Calhoun County.
Their surviving children then both passed away in Tekonsha, Calhoun County mid-century. Daughter Matilda Margaret (Assenheimer) Fousel, who had wed and was widowed by Gottlieb Fousel, died on 22 November 1946 while son Herman Ossenheimer died on 20 January 1951. He was buried at the Riverside Cemetery in Tekonsha—the same cemetery where Tillie’s husband Gottlieb had been laid to rest in 1937.
1. Assenheimer, Godfrey, in Michigan Deaths and Burials, 1800-1995 (Fredonia, Calhoun Michigan, 5 May 1901; FHL microfilm 1,009,293). Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch.
2. Assenheimer, Gottfried and Margaretha Bendel; Assenheimer, Tillie, Gottlob Fousel, Christian Fousel, and Godfrey Assenheimer; and Assenheimer, Herman, Nettie M. Hatfield, R. Hatfield, and Godfrey Assenheimer, in Michigan County Marriages, 1820-1940 (Calhoun County, 28 November 1868; 2 March 1893; and 29 September 1897). Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch.
3. Asunheimer, William, Godfrey Asunheimer and Margaret Asunheimer; and Assenhimer, in Michigan Deaths and Burials, 1800-1995 (Fredonia, Calhoun County, 3 Oct 1886 and 5 May 1901; FHL microfilm 1,009,292 and 1,009,293). Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch.
4. Bates, Samuel P. History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-5, vol. 1. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: B. Singerly, State Printer, 1869.
5. Birthday Announcement (Mrs. Godfrey Assenheimer). Marshall, Michigan: The Marshall Statesman, 23 May 1890.
6. Civil War Muster Rolls, in Records of the Department of Military and Veterans’ Affairs (Record Group 19, Series 19.11). Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1861-1865.
7. Civil War Veterans’ Card File, 1861-1866. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Archives.
8. Ossenheimer, Herman and Fousel, Matilda, Godfrey Ossenheimer and Margaret Baker, in Death Records (Tekonsha, Calhoun County). Lansing, Michigan: State of Michigan, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics, 22 November 1946 and 20 January 1951.
9. Schmidt, Lewis. A Civil War History of the 47th Regiment of Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers. Allentown, Pennsylvania: Self-published, 1986.
10. U.S. Census (1880, 1900, 1910) and U.S. Census of Union Veterans and Widows of the Civil War (1890). Washington, D.C., Pennsylvania and Michigan: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration."But the island?" said Charles.
"Paul Spencer pulls the third oar; we will call it Spencer Island."
The position of the boat was a favorable one for observing the conformation of the country, and Mrs. Sedley improved the opportunity to point out the various divisions of the land.
Half-way between Centre Island and the north shore was another island; and after coasting along by the banks of the lake, applying names to miniature sounds, bays, gulfs, and seas, the Zephyr arrived at its southerly side.
"Here is a channel," said Frank; "a passage of water wider than a strait."
"Fred's turn; we must call it Harper Channel," replied Tony.
"And the island?—we are out of names," continued Frank.
"We will call it Mary's Island, after Mary Weston."
"Agreed!" cried a dozen boys at once.
"I thank you for the compliment," said Mary, blushing.
The excursion was continued, the boys rowing leisurely, and pausing frequently to listen to the music of the band, and discuss the geographical formation of the lake and its shores. They passed entirely round the lake, and had given so many names to the various divisions of land and water, that it seemed improbable they could ever remember them.
As they came round to the boat-house, Mrs. Sedley was landed, and the club rowed up to Weston Bay, to leave the widow and her daughter. Both the passengers were delighted with their excursion, and were profuse of their thanks to Frank and his companions for their kindness and consideration.
"What shall we do now?" said Charles, as they pushed off.
"Hadn't we better give up for to-day?" suggested Frank.
"Let us go down to Rippleton for your father," added Fred.
"I will do that," answered Frank; and the Zephyr dashed away towards the village.
They had scarcely passed the boat-house before they discovered the Thunderbolt, directly ahead of them. Uncle Ben had landed the band at Rippleton, and had housed the Sylph, so that the Bunkers would no longer be restrained by his presence and that of Mrs. Sedley. But there was no way to avoid them, and Frank continued his course with some misgivings as to the consequences.
"Bunkers ahead!" said he.
"Never mind them, Frank," added Fred Harper. "We won't say anything to them."
"Tim will get his revenge upon us for this morning if he can," suggested the coxswain.
"We can keep out of his way, though I don't like the idea of running away from them," replied Fred.
"I like it better than I do the idea of fighting with them. But the lake is narrow near the village," said Frank.
"We can row two rods to their one."
"They have improved a great deal by their day's practice. They are resting on their oars, waiting for us."
"Let them wait; we will mind nothing about them."
The Zephyr continued on her course. It was necessary for her to pass within a short distance of the Thunderbolt, and Frank feared they would retaliate upon them for their discomfiture in the forenoon.
"Let every member of the club mind his oar," said he, as the boat approached the vicinity of the Bunkers; "I will watch them; I want you to mind what I say, and work quick when I speak."
"We will," answered the boys.
"I suspect, if they mean anything, that they intend to rush upon us when we pass them. Yes, there is Tim bringing her head round so that she lies broadside to us, and every one of them has his oar ready to pull," Frank explained.
"Can't you cut across the lake, and avoid them?" asked Tony.
"We must pass them somewhere; and they can cut us off, whatever course we take."
"Smash them if they come too near," said Fred.
"No, no, Fred; that wouldn't do. When I tell you to stop and back her, do it promptly, and we can easily get away from them. Pull steady."
The boys rowed leisurely, and the Zephyr in a short time reached a position which was exposed to the assault of the Thunderbolt.
"Pull," cried Tim Bunker, with energy.
Her course was at right angles with that of the Zephyr. Tim had apparently made a nice calculation in regard to his intended movements. He had started so as to come up with his rival when she reached the point in her course directly ahead of him.
The Bunkers pulled with all their might, and the two boats were rapidly nearing each other. Tim's plan had been well conceived, and the collision seemed inevitable. Frank saw that he had rightly interpreted the intentions of the Bunkers, but he still continued his course.
Suddenly, as the Thunderbolt was on the point of pouncing upon her prey, Frank, with startling energy, gave the command,—
"Way enough! Hold water! Stern all!"
Every boy, expecting the orders, was ready to execute them. The oars bent under the violent exertion they made to check the farther progress of the boat.
When the collision seemed unavoidable, Tim abandoned the helm, and leaped forward into the bow of the boat. He had a large stick in his hand; and it was evidently his intention to use it upon poor Tony, for his glance was fixed upon him with savage ferocity.
Frank's plan worked well. He had withheld the order to stop and back her till the last moment, so that Tim should have no time to change the course of the Thunderbolt, and thus derange his plan. As it was, it was a very narrow escape, and nothing but the promptness with which the order was executed averted the impending catastrophe.
The Thunderbolt passed across the course of the Zephyr, not three feet from her bow. Tim saw that he was foiled; and enraged at his disappointment, he aimed a blow at Tony with the long stick, as his boat shot past.
Tony was beyond his reach; he leaned over the gunwale of the boat in a vain attempt to accomplish his malignant purpose. But in doing so, he lost his foothold, and was precipitated head foremost into the lake!
He disappeared beneath the dark surface of the deep water, and his boat passed over the spot. The Zephyr, impelled backward by the vigorous strokes of her crew, was several rods from the place before the club fully realized the nature of the unfortunate occurrence.
The Thunderbolt was much nearer the place where Tim had disappeared than the Zephyr; but her crew seemed to be utterly paralyzed by the event, and unable to render the slightest assistance. One of the Bunkers took the helm, and endeavored to rally his companions; but in their confusion they were incapable of handling their oars; some pulled one way, and some another, and instead of urging the boat ahead, they only turned it round in a circle.
"Way enough!" shouted Frank, as soon as he discovered the accident. "Give way! Tim Bunker has fallen overboard!"
The crew, though affected to some extent as the Bunkers were, used their oars with skill and energy. The presence of mind which Frank displayed inspired them with courage, and the Zephyr darted forward towards the spot where Tim had gone down.
"There he is ahead!" exclaimed Frank, with frantic earnestness; "pull with all your might!"
"Help! Save me!" cried Tim, as he rose to the surface.
The boats were both several rods distant from him. He did not swim, but seemed to struggle with all his strength, apparently with a spasmodic effort, as though he had entirely lost his self-control.
"Tony, stand by with your boat-hook," shouted Frank.
But Tim struggled only for an instant on the surface, and then went down again.
"Way enough!" said Frank, as the Zephyr approached the spot. "Hold water! Oars!"
The boat, under the skilful management of the resolute young coxswain, lost her headway, and lay motionless on the water near the spot where Tim had last appeared.
"Do you see him, Tony?"
"Fred, forward with your boat-hook," continued Frank.
Fred took the boat-hook, and went forward to the bow of the Zephyr.
"There he is!" exclaimed Tony, as he caught a sight of the drowning boy beneath the surface.
Fred dropped his boat-hook into the water intending to fasten it into Tim's clothes.
"He sinks again!" cried Tony, throwing off his jacket and shoes.
Before any of the crew could fully understand his purpose, so quick were his movements, he dived from the bow of the boat deep down into the water.
The boys held their breath in the intensity of their feelings. One or two of them had dropped their oars, and were leaving their places.
"Keep your places, and hold on to your oars!" said Frank sternly. "Ned Graham, take the other boat-hook."
"Back her a little—one stroke," said Fred Harper. "We are passing over the spot."
Frank ordered the boat back, as desired.
"Here they rise! Tony has him!" exclaimed Fred, as he hooked into Tim's clothes. "Grasp the other boat-hook, Tony."
Tim was drawn into the boat, apparently dead.
Tony was so exhausted that he could not speak, and sank into the bottom of the boat.
"Give way!" said Frank, heading the Zephyr towards Rippleton.
The sad event had been observed from the shore, and before the arrival of the club boat quite a number of persons had collected. Scarcely a minute elapsed before the Zephyr touched the bank, and the lifeless body of Tim Bunker was taken out, and conveyed to the nearest house.
"How do you feel, Tony?" asked Frank, lifting the noble little fellow from his position.
"Badly, Frank; I want to go home," replied he faintly.
Among other persons who had gathered on the shore of the lake was one of the physicians of Rippleton. He followed the party that conveyed Tim into the house, and applied himself vigorously to the means of restoring him. It was a long time before there were any signs of life, and the people in the meantime believed him dead.
While Dr. Allen was at work over Tim, Fred Harper came to request his assistance for Tony. Fortunately Dr. Davis, another physician, arrived at this moment, and accompanied him to the boat.
"What ails him, Dr. Davis?" asked Frank.
"Exhaustion and excitement have overcome him."
"Is it anything serious?"
"I think not. We must get his wet clothes off, and put him to bed."
"Will you go home with him? We will row you up and back again."
The physician was very willing to go, and the boat put off. The club pulled with all their strength, and the distance to Tony's house was accomplished in a very few moments. Mrs. Weston was greatly alarmed when Tony was brought in, but the doctor assured her it was nothing serious. He was put to bed, the doctor prescribed for him, and when the boys were ready to leave, they had the satisfaction of knowing the patient was much better.
When they reached Rippleton, they found that Tim had been restored, and conveyed to his father's house. Captain Sedley came in the last train, and the boys rowed him home.
Captain Sedley was
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价值272025, and then it will exceed $3.1 trillion by 2030）”。本书将在后续章节中通过具体的案例来讲解区块链的多个商业应用场景。区块链的商业价值28本章小结区块链思想诞生于数字货币长达三十多年的发展过程中，它支持了首个自带信任、防篡改的分布式记录系统——比特币网络。这也第一次让大家意识到，除了互联网这样的尽力而为（不保证可信）的基础设施外，基于区块链技术还将可能打造一个实现彼此信任的基础网络设施。当然，从应用角度讲，比特币也只是基于区块链技术的一种金融应用。区块链技术其实还能带来更通用的计算能力和商业价值。本书后续章节将介绍更多的商业应用案例，并介绍开源界打造的更多区块链平台项目，包括以太坊和超级账本 等项目。这些开源项目加速释放了区块链技术的威力，为更多更复杂的区块链应用场景提供了技术支持。本章小结29核心技术概览运用之妙夺造化，存乎一心胜天工。跨境商贸合作中签订的合同，怎么确保对方能严格遵守和及时执行？酒店宣称刚打捞上来的三文鱼，怎么追踪捕捞和运输过程中的时间和卫生？现代数字世界里，怎么证明你是谁？怎么证明某个资产属于你？经典囚徒困境中的两个人，怎样才能达成利益的最大化？宇宙不同文明之间的“黑暗森林”猜疑链，有没有可能被彻底打破？这些看似很难解决的问题，在区块链的世界里已经有了初步的答案。本章将带领大家探索区块链的核心技术，包括其定义与原理、关键的问题等，还将探讨区块链技术的演化，并对未来发展的趋势进行展望。最后，对一些常见的认识误区进行了澄清。核心技术概览30定义与原理定义区块链技术自身仍然在飞速发展中，目前相关规范和标准还在进一步成熟中。公认的最早关于区块链的描述性文献是中本聪所撰写的 《比特币：一种点对点的电子现金系统》，但该文献重点在于讨论比特币系统，实际上并没有明确提出区块链的术语。在其中，区块和链被描述为用于记录比特币交易账目历史的数据结构。另外，Wikipedia 上给出的定义中，将区块链类比为一种分布式数据库技术，通过维护数据块的链式结构，可以维持持续增长的、不可篡改的数据记录。笔者认为，讨论区块链可以从狭义和广义两个层面来看待。狭义上，区块链是一种以区块为基本单位的链式数据结构，区块中利用数字摘要对之前的交易历史进行校验，适合分布式记账场景下防篡改和可扩展性的需求。广义上，区块链还指代基于区块链结构实现的分布式记账技术，还包括分布式共识、隐私与安全保护、点对点通信技术、网络协议、智能合约等。区块链技术最早的应用出现在比特币项目中。作为比特币背后的分布式记账平台，在无集中式管理的情况下，比特币网络稳定运行了八年时间，支持了海量的交易记录，并且从未出现严重的漏洞，这些都与区块链结构的巧妙是分不开的。基本原理区块链的基本原理理解起来并不复杂。首先包括三个基本概念：交易（Transaction）：一次对账本的操作，导致账本状态的一次改变，如添加一条转账记录；区块（Block）：记录一段时间内发生的所有交易和状态结果，是对当前账本状态的一次共识；链（Chain）：由区块按照发生顺序串联而成，是整个账本状态变化的日志记录。如果把区块链作为一个状态机，则每次交易就是试图改变一次状态，而每次共识生成的区块，就是参与者对于区块中交易导致状态改变的结果进行确认。在实现上，首先假设存在一个分布式的数据记录账本，这个账本只允许添加、不允许删除。账本底层的基本结构是一个线性的链表，这也是其名字“区块链”的来源。链表由一个个“区块”串联组成（如下图所示），后继区块记录前导区块的哈希（Hash）值。新的数据要加入，定义与原理31必须放到一个新的区块中。而这个块（以及块里的交易）是否合法，可以通过计算哈希值的方式快速检验出来。任意维护节点都可以提议一个新的合法区块，然而必须经过一定的共识机制来对最终选择的区块达成一致。图 22.214.171.124 - 区块链结构示例以比特币为例理解区块链工作过程具体以比特币网络为例，来看其中如何使用了区块链技术。首先，比特币客户端发起一项交易，广播到比特币网络中并等待确认。网络中的节点会将一些收到的等待确认的交易记录打包在一起（此外还要包括前一个区块头部的哈希值等信息），组成一个候选区块。然后，试图找到一个 nonce 串（随机串）放到区块里，使得候选区块的哈希结果满足一定条件（比如小于某个值）。这个nonce 串的查找需要一定的时间进行计算尝试。一旦节点算出来满足条件的 nonce 串，这个区块在格式上就被认为是“合法”了，就可以尝试在网络中将它广播出去。其它节点收到候选区块，进行验证，发现确实符合约定条件了，就承认这个区块是一个合法的新区块，并添加到自己维护的区块链上。当大部分节点都将区块添加到自己维护的区块链结构上时，该区块被网络接受，区块中所包括的交易也就得到确认。当然，在实现上还会有很多额外的细节。这里面比较关键的步骤有两个，一个是完成对一批交易的共识（创建区块结构）；一个是新的区块添加到区块链结构上，被大家认可，确保未来无法被篡改。比特币的这种基于算力寻找 nonce 串的共识机制被称为工作量证明（Proof of Work，PoW）。目前，要让哈希结果满足一定条件，并无已知的快速启发式算法，只能进行逐个尝试的暴力计算。尝试的次数越多（工作量越大），算出来的概率越大。通过调节对哈希结果的限制，比特币网络控制平均约 10 分钟产生一个合法区块。算出区块的节点将得到区块中所有交易的管理费和协议固定发放的奖励费（目前是 12.5 比特币，每四年减半）。这个计算新区块的过程，即俗称的“挖矿”。读者可能会关心，比特币网络是任何人都可以加入的，如果网络中存在恶意节点，能否进行恶意操作来对区块链中记录进行篡改，从而破坏整个比特币网络系统。比如最简单的，故意不承认收到的别人产生的合法候选区块，或者干脆拒绝来自其它节点的交易等。定义与原理32实际上，因为比特币网络中存在大量（据估计数千个）的维护节点，而且大部分节点都是正常工作的，默认都只承认所看到的最长的链结构。只要网络中不存在超过一半的节点提前勾结一起采取恶意行动，则最长的链将很大概率上成为最终合法的链。而且随着时间增加，这个概率会越来越大。例如，经过 6 个区块生成后，即便有一半的节点联合起来想颠覆被确认的结果，其概率也仅为 (1/2)^6 ≈ 1.6%，即低于 1/60 的可能性。当然，如果整个网络中大多数的节点都联合起来作恶，可以导致整个系统无法正常工作。要做到这一点，往往意味着付出很大的代价，跟通过作恶得到的收益相比，得不偿失。注：区块链结构，与 Git 版本管理的有向无环图数据结构，在设计上有异曲同工之妙。定义与原理33技术的演化与分类区块链技术自比特币网络设计中被大家发掘关注，从最初服务数字货币系统，到今天在分布式账本场景下发挥着越来越大的技术潜力。区块链的演化比特币区块链已经支持了简单的脚本计算，但仅限于数字货币相关的处理。除了支持数字货币外，还可以将区块链上执行的处理过程进一步泛化，即提供智能合约（Smart Contract）。智能合约可以提供除了货币交易功能外更灵活的合约功能，执行更为复杂的操作。这样扩展之后的区块链，已经超越了单纯数据记录的功能了，实际上带有点“智能计算”的意味了；更进一步地，还可以为区块链加入权限管理，高级编程语言支持等，实现更强大的、支持更多商用场景的分布式账本。从计算特点上，可以看到现有区块链技术的三种典型演化场景：场景功能智能合约 一致性权限类型性能编程语言代表公信的数字货币记账功能不带有或较弱PoW 无公有链较低简单脚本比特币网络公信的交易处理智能合约图灵完备 PoW、PoS 无公有链受限特定语言以太坊网络带权限的分布式账本处理商业处理多种语言，图灵完备包括 CFT、BFT 在内的多种机制，可插拔支持联盟链可扩展高级编程语言超级账本区块链与分布式记账技术的演化与分类34图 126.96.36.199 - 古老的账本记账技术历史悠久，现代复式记账系统（Double Entry Bookkeeping）是由意大利数学家卢卡·帕西奥利 1494 年在《Summa de arithmetica, geometrica, proportioni et proportionalità》一书中最早制定。复式记账法对每一笔账目同时记录来源和去向，首次将对账验证功能引入记账过程，提升了记账过程的可靠性。从这个角度来看，区块链是首个自带对账功能的数字记账技术实现。更广泛地，区块链属于一种去中心化的记录技术。参与到系统上的节点，可能不属于同一组织，彼此无需信任；区块链数据由所有节点共同维护，每个维护节点都能复制获得一份完整或部分记录的拷贝。跟传统的记账技术相比，基于区块链的分布式账本应该包括如下特点：维护一条不断增长的链，只可能添加记录，而发生过的记录都不可篡改；去中心化，或者说多中心化，无需集中的控制而能达成共识，实现上尽量分布式；通过密码学的机制来确保交易无法被抵赖和破坏，并尽量保护用户信息和记录的隐私性。分类根据参与者的不同，可以分为公有（Public）链、联盟（Consortium）链和私有（Private）链。公有链，顾名思义，任何人都可以参与使用和维护，典型的如比特币区块链，信息是完全公开的。如果进一步引入许可机制，可以实现私有链和联盟链两种类型。私有链，由集中管理者进行管理限制，只有内部少数人可以使用，信息不公开。技术的演化与分类35联盟链则介于两者之间，由若干组织一起合作维护一条区块链，该区块链的使用必须是带有权限的限制访问，相关信息会得到保护，典型如供应链机构或银行联盟。目前来看，公有链更容易吸引市场和媒体的眼球，但更多的商业价值会在联盟链和私有链上落地。根据使用目的和场景的不同，又可以分为以数字货币为目的的货币链，以记录产权为目的的产权链，以众筹为目的的众筹链等……，也有不局限特定应用场景的通用链。现有大部分区块链实现都至少包括了网络层、共识层、智能合约和应用层等结构，联盟链实现往往还会引入一定的权限管理机制。技术的演化与分类36关键问题和挑战从技术角度讲，区块链所涉及到的领域比较繁杂，包括分布式系统、存储、密码学、心理学、经济学、博弈论、控制论、网络协议等，这也就意味着大量工程实践上的技术挑战。下面列出了目前业内关注较多的一些技术话题。抗抵赖与隐私保护怎么防止交易记录被篡改？怎么证明交易双方的身份？怎么保护交易双方的隐私？密码学的发展，为解决这些问题提供了不少手段。传统方案包括 Hash 算法，加解密算法，数字证书和签名（盲签名、环签名）等。随着区块链技术的应用，新出现的需求将刺激密码学的进一步发展，包括更高效的随机数产生、更高强度的加密、更快速的加解密处理等。同时，量子计算等新技术的出现，也会带来更多的挑战，例如，RSA 算法等目前商用的加密算法，在未来可能无法提供足够的安全性。能否满足这些新的需求，将依赖于数学科学的进一步发展和新一代计算技术的突破。分布式共识这是个经典的技术难题，学术界和业界都已有大量的研究成果（包括 Paxos、拜占庭系列算法等）。问题的核心在于如何解决某个变更在分布式网络中得到一致的执行结果，是被参与多方都承认的，同时这个信息是被确定的，不可推翻的。该问题在公开匿名场景下和带权限管理的场景下需求差异较大，从而导致了基于概率的算法和确定性算法两类思想。最初，比特币区块链考虑的是公开匿名场景下的最坏保证。通过引入了“工作量证明”（Proofof Work）策略来规避少数人的恶意行为，并通过概率模型保证最后参与方共识到最长链。算法在核心思想上是基于经济利益的博弈，让恶意破坏的参与者损失经济利益，从而保证大部分人的合作。同时，确认必须经过多个区块的生成之后达成，从概率上进行保证。这类算法的主要问题在于效率的低下。类似算法，还有以权益为抵押的 PoS、DPoS 和 Casper 等。后来更多的区块链技术（如超级账本）在带权限管理的场景下，开始考虑支持更多的确定性的共识机制，包括经典的拜占庭算法等，可以解决快速确认的问题。关键问题和挑战37共识问题在很长一段时间内都将是极具学术价值的研究热点，核心的指标将包括容错的节点比例、决策收敛速度、出错后的恢复、动态特性等。PoW 等基于概率的系列算法理论上允许少于一半的不合作节点，PBFT 等确定性算法理论上则允许不超过 1/3 的不合作节点。交易性能虽然一般说来，区块链不适用于高频交易的场景，但由于金融系统的需求，业界目前十分关心如何提高区块链系统交易的吞吐量，同时降低交易的确认延迟。目前，公开的比特币区块链只能支持平均每秒约 7 笔的吞吐量，一般认为对于大额交易来说，安全的交易确认时间为一个小时左右。以太坊区块链的吞吐量略高一些，但交易性能也被认为是较大的瓶颈。注：实际上，小额交易只要确认被广播到网络中并带有合适的交易服务费用，即有较大概率被最终打包。区块链系统跟传统分布式系统不同，其处理性能很难通过单纯增加节点数来进行横向扩展。实际上，传统区块链系统的性能，在很大程度上取决于单个节点的处理能力。高性能、安全、稳定性、硬件辅助加解密能力，都将是考察节点性能的核心要素。这种场景下，为了提高处理性能，一方面可以提升单个节点的性能（如采用高配置的硬件），同时设计优化的策略和算法，提高性能；另外一方面试图将大量高频的交易放到链外来，只用区块链记录最终交易信息，如比特币社区提出的 闪电网络 等设计。类似地，侧链（side chain）、影子链（shadow chain）等思路在当前阶段也有一定的借鉴意义。类似设计可以将交易性能提升 1~2 个数量级。此外，在联盟链的场景下，参与多方存在一定的信任前提和利益约束，可以采取更优化的设计，换来性能的提升。以超级账本 Fabric 项目为例，在普通虚拟机配置下，单客户端每秒可以达到数百次（Transactions per second，tps）的交易吞吐量；在有一定工程优化或硬件加速情况下可以达到每秒数千次的吞吐量。客观地说，目前开源区块链系统已经可以满足不少应用场景的性能需求，但离大规模交易系统的每秒数万笔的吞吐性能还有较大差距。注：据公开的数据，VISA 系统的处理均值为 2,000 tps，峰值为 56,000 tps；某金融支付系统的处理峰值超过了 85,000 tps；某大型证券交易所号称的处理均（峰）值在 80,000 tps 左右。扩展性常见的分布式系统，可以通过横向增加节点来扩展整个系统的处理能力。对于区块链网络系统来说，根据共识机制的不同，这个问题往往并非那么简单。关键问题和挑战38例如，对于比特币和以太坊区块链而言，网络中每个参与维护的核心节点都要保持一份完整的存储，并且进行智能合约的处理。此时，整个网络的总存储和计算能力，取决于单个节点的能力。甚至当网络中节点数过多时，可能会因为一致性的达成过程延迟降低整个网络的性能。尤其在公有网络中，由于大量低性能处理节点的存在，问题将更加明显。要解决这个问题，根本上是放松对每个节点都必须参与完整处理的限制（当然，网络中节点要能合作完成完整的处理），这个思路已经在超级账本中得到应用；同时尽量减少核心层的处理工作。在联盟链模式下，还可以专门采用高性能的节点作为核心节点，用相对较弱的节点仅作为代理访问节点。安全防护区块链目前最热门的应用场景是金融相关的服务，安全自然是讨论最多、挑战最大的话题。区块链在设计上大量采用了现代成熟的密码学算法。但这是否就能确保其绝对安全呢？世界上并没有绝对安全的系统。系统是由人设计的，系统也是由人来运营的，只要有人参与的系统，就难免出现漏洞。有如下几个方面是很难逃避的。首先是立法。对区块链系统如何进行监管？攻击区块链系统是否属于犯罪？攻击银行系统是要承担后果的。但是目前还没有任何法律保护区块链（特别是公有链）以及基于它的实现。其次是软件实现的潜在漏洞是无法避免的。考虑到使用了几十年的 openssl 还带着那么低级的漏洞（heart bleeding），而且是源代码完全开放的情况下，让人不禁对运行中的大量线上系统持谨慎态度。而对于金融系统来说，无论客户端还是平台侧，即便是很小的漏洞都可能造成难以估计的损失。另外，公有区块链所有交易记录都是公开可见的，这意味着所有的交易
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纹细布为坯布，以化学镀银（铜、镍）制成的导电布。屏蔽层应按每套以同一匹导电布裁剪缝合。对微波辐射有较高的屏蔽作用。
有的单位测试镀银微波防护服的标准是：3cm波段可衰减40～50Db；5cm波段可衰减26～30dB。
微波防护服式样有大衣和分耳式两种，都配有一顶鸭舌帽，大衣有特号（长117cm），大号（长110cm），中号（长10cm）三种规格。
镀金属布微波防护服具有镀层不易脱落，重量轻（1kg左右），柔软舒适等特点。镀铜微波防护服不耐腐蚀，适用于干燥作业环境。镀铝膜布强度不高，不耐摩擦和屈折。
五、微波防护服的使用和注意事项
1.穿用微波防护服应根据作业场所微波强度和防护区域进行选用，穿用时必须将钮扣完全扣好，戴上屏蔽帽。
2.避免接触酸碱、油脂或其他脏污物质，用后挂起来，尽量不要折叠，以免损伤屏蔽层影响衰减微波的作用。
3.已受脏污的微波服，可用碱性低的肥皂水洗涤，用清水冲洗干净，切忌揉搓绞扭，应放置通风阴凉处凉干，不能曝晒。镀金属布微波防护大衣，外层布面，是活套装扣，可以脱卸下来，单独洗涤，不洗屏蔽层。
以上就是劳保交易会的介绍，希望对您有一定的帮助。
来源：安全管理网"Stiamo sviluppando una serie di controlli utente opzionali per aiutare le persone a proteggersi da messaggi diretti indesiderati, come le foto che contengono nudità", ha detto a TechCrunch la portavoce di Meta, Liz Fernandez. "Questa tecnologia non consente a Meta di vedere i messaggi privati di nessuno, né di condividerli con il team o chiunque altro. Stiamo lavorando a stretto contatto con esperti per garantire che queste nuove funzionalità preservino la privacy delle persone dando loro il controllo sui messaggi che ricevono".
La dichiarazione ufficiale di Meta rilasciata al sito The Verge sulla nuova funzionalità "nudity protection", che Instagram ha intenzione di attivare a breve, è arrivata dopo che un ricercatore italiano, Alessandro Paluzzi, ha individuato tracce della funzionalità all'interno del codice dell'app.
La tecnologica dovrebbe permettere a Instagram di inserire, in automatico, le foto che contengono nudi in una cartella separata del menu dei messaggi diretti (Direct) in modo tale che gli utenti non le vedano, se non cliccando appositamente su di essa.
Gli screenshot pubblicati da Paluzzi fanno ritenere che Instagram elaborerà tutte le immagini relative a questa funzione via client, direttamente sul dispositivo dell'utente.
Qualche mese fa, il social ha introdotto la possibilità di filtrare i messaggi che contengono termini non graditi, secondo una lista creata dall'utente, in modo da non visualizzare contenuti non desiderati.牧师被判犯有所有恐怖主义罪名2018-10-13 10:53
警察，侦探中士尼克·贝利在回应斯基里帕尔先生在索尔兹伯里的家时也感到恶心。如果借款人选择贷款人支付保险，利率将上升至4.25％，但每月支付仍将降低82美元，为1,476美元。
她的父母，舞蹈家和教育家黑泽明夫和下田英子的年龄为5岁。订单重印|今天的报纸|订阅继续阅读主要故事华盛顿-近一年前在古巴被拘留的美国承包商的妻子已致函劳尔·卡斯特罗总统，为其丈夫的行为道歉，并请求释放他。
除了他独特的甜美纹理和泡沫高潮之外，还有一些段落，其中马勒在单独的长笛，双簧管或号角上闪耀着聚光灯。
Ghesquière已经开始脱颖而出，作为一种不同方法的提醒，实际上实现了这种承诺。刘说：它是一个建立在巨大利润链上的大血汗工厂。
这真的是纽约的故事，美国的故事。周二，检察官突击搜查间谍机构在韩国首都南部边缘的庞大院落中的心理情报局。由于即将到来的飓风，他被迫找到临时宿舍.Ms。
。
位于四楼的餐厅俯瞰着河流供应欧洲和越南美食。
票房28美元和23美元。所有这些选择，可能是时候从最喜欢的系列和实验分支出来。
这个儿童艺术博物馆的新展览展示了九位当代人物的作品，他们以庆祝和批评的方式描绘体育。
问：这些天你的客户在寻找什么？答：大多数，空间足够。兰伯特是一个复杂的，有时相互矛盾的角色。
他知道入狱的抗议者，有朋友用药物摧毁他们的思想，无法解释他为什么要站起来。
约翰几天后从伊斯坦布尔打电话给她，新婚夫妇正在那里度蜜月。Herrera女士的三个孙子周末住在水库对面，经常是游客。L’India vanta molte città sante ma Varanasi, sulla riva occidentale del Gange è, per gli Hindu, la più santa per eccellenza.
Nello stato federato dell’Uttar Pradesh Varanasi, conosciuta anche come Benares e Kashi, è considerata la città abitata più antica del mondo, essendo popolata ininterrottamente da oltre quattromila anni, ma è anche, da sempre, il cuore pulsante della spiritualità indiana.
Secondo l’Induismo, Benares è l’unico posto della terra in cui gli dei permettono agli uomini di eliminare il samsara, l’eterno ciclo di morti e rinascite: per questo, nel corso dei secoli, un numero incalcolabile di fedeli è venuto a morire qui. Ogni credente, almeno una volta nella sua vita, deve essersi recato a Varanasi per immergersi nelle sacre acque del Gange e almeno da 5 diversi ghats, le rampe di scale in pietra da cui si accede al fiume.
Su ogni ghat c’è la vita, un eterno movimento di uomini, bambini e donne nei loro sari colorati ed eleganti: da qui, fin dall’alba, si compiono le abluzioni, si medita, ci si lava e si fa il bucato, si concludono affari e si compiono le cerimonie religiose.
Qui, in quella che è la Città della Luce – le antiche scritture la chiamano Città Eterna- ma anche la dimora del Signore Shiva e della Grande Madre Ganga, i morti vengono bruciati e le ceneri sparse sul Gange.
Il rito della cremazione avviene, in gran parte, presso i ghat di Manikarnika e di Harischandra: i corpi dei defunti, avvolti da un lenzuolo, vengono trasportati su una lettiga di legno e deposti sulle pire funerarie, cataste di legno opportunamente preparate, bruciati ed infine le loro ceneri gettate nel Gange.
Vista la sacralità del luogo, chi può cerca di venire a morire qui e le pire bruciano 24 ore su 24; al tramonto, mentre i brahmini, i sacerdoti Hindu, compiono i riti, la folla affida al fiume le fiammelle accese con le loro speranze e le loro preghiere, insieme alle collane di fiori offerte alla Madre Ganga e che è possibile acquistare in ogni ghat. L’atmosfera è particolare, magica, carica di spiritualità e sono sempre molti i turisti che, da una barca che risale il fiume, assistono a queste cerimonie rituali e condividono un’emozione molto forte.دریافت اطلاعات کامل و معتبر از کاربران باعث ارائه خدمات بیشتر از سمت ما، و تجربه کاربری بهتر برای کاربران خواهد شد.
از طریق فرم زیر میتوانید تغییرات مد نظر خود را وارد کرده و سپس دکمه ثبت را بزنید.
برخی از تغییرات بعد از بررسی صحت اطلاعات اعمال خواهند شد.方舟计划-乌拉科幻小说网
ps：
方舟计划由乌拉科幻小说网站长提出，并首次执行
本项目计划设计并开发一个可自动架设/执行的反激活式网站安全系统，以自动执行此计划
(更新日期：2012-11-25)
诺亚方舟
上帝对诺亚说：你要用歌斐木造一只方舟，分一间一间的造，里外抹上松香。方舟的造法乃是这样：要长300肘，宽50肘，高30肘……你和你的全家都要进入方舟，凡洁净的畜类你要带七公七母，不洁净的畜类你要带一公一母，空中的飞鸟也要带七公七母。因为再过7天，我要在地上降雨40昼夜，把我所造的各种活物，都从地上除灭。
诺亚就遵循着上帝的吩咐行事了。
当人和各样活物都进去之后，过了7天，洪水泛滥在地上；大渊的泉源都裂开了，天上的窗户也敞开了；水势在地上极其浩大，天下的高山都淹没了。2月17日，方舟停在亚拉腊山上。
–《圣经·创世记》
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方舟计划是站长乌拉为了在本站或自身遭遇毁灭性破坏的情况下，将本站的火种继续保存下去而制定的一系列计划。
该计划共分4种情形：
Type A
当出现网站因各种原因被摧毁或面临关闭（例如因版权原因而遭到关闭或网站因资金问题无法继续存活、被智子破坏等等），而站长自身仍存在的情况下，在网站关闭之时，站长将手动发布本站所有作品的压缩包存档。
Type B
当出现站长自身被摧毁或无法行动（例如站长出现意外事故或被跨省、遭遇ETO或三体人袭击等等），而网站仍存在的情况下，网站系统将在一定期限内[注]，自动发布本站最近一次备份的所有作品的压缩包存档。（该计划可能与Type C共同执行）
注：具体为距站长最近一次登录后台的30天之后。
Type B共分两个阶段：
1.在距站长最近一次登录后台的20天之后，Tyep B进入准备阶段，网站将进行提示（如为误启动，站长应尽快登录并取消）。
2.在距站长最近一次登录后台的30天之后，网站将公开方舟相关信息，Tyep B正式执行。
Type C
当出现网站和站长双方都被摧毁的情况下，站长的邮箱会在一定期限内[注]，将本站最近一次备份的所有作品的压缩包存档及船票（解压密码）自动发送给方舟使者（特定人员），由方舟使者（们？）将压缩包存档及船票公开。
注：deadline为45天，站长会每隔15天对deadline进行重置。
Type C共分两个阶段：
1.在距deadline最近一次重置的30天之后，Tyep C进入准备阶段，第1封邮件将发出（如为误启动，站长应尽快重置deadline）。
2.在距deadline最近一次重置的45天之后，第2封邮件将发出，Tyep C正式执行。
Type D（妄想计划）
该计划共分2种情形：
Type D-1：当出现人类文明可能被摧毁的情况下，站长会将本站所有作品编码化，刻录进镀金光盘（可长时间保存）并深埋地下，等待可能出现的后续文明发掘出来。
Type D-2：当出现人类文明及地球自身可能被摧毁的情况下，站长会将本站所有作品编码化，经由超大功率无线电发射台，发送给可能存在的地外文明，将人类科幻小说的火种延续下去。
『乌拉科幻小说网』 网址：http://www.wulali.info/محمد باقر ضیاء در پاسخ به دعوتنامه محمدرضا شانه ساز که از وی جهت حضور در جلسه بررسی پیش نویس دستورالعمل عرضه کالاهای سلامت در فضای مجازی و فناوری های دیجیتال دعوت کرده بود، مامه ای منتشر کرد.
ضمن تشکر از جنابعالی بابت دعوت به جلسه بررسی پیش نویس “دستورالعمل عرضه کالاهای سلامت در فضای مجازی و فناوری های دیجیتال” در تاریخ ۱۴۰۰/۷/۲۶ به استحضار می رساند که اگر لوگوی سازمان غذا و دارو در بالای این متن نبود، یقین پیدا می کردیم که این سند در وزارت اقتصاد یا وزارت فناوری اطلاعات تهیه شده است! دستور العملی که در ۵ صفحه آن، حتی یک بار هم اسم داروخانه (به عنوان مهم ترین محل عرضه کالاهای سلامت) نیامده است!
جناب آقای دکتر، در این پیش نویس همه اشخاص حقیقی و حقوقی علاقمند به فعالیت و کسب و کار در عرضه کالاهای سلامت، حتی بدون پروانه فعالیت قانونی از وزارت بهداشت بهداشت، صرفا با اخذ پروانه از نظام صنفی رایانه ای و حتی بدون الزام به داشتن مسئول فنی می توانند مجوز فروش اینترنتی دریافت کنند!
علاوه بر مشکل یاد شده ، بر اساس بند ۱ ماده ۳ این دستورالعمل، شرکت های تولید و پخش فرآورده های طبیعی و سنتی مجاز به عرضه کالا در فضای مجازی هستند!
بر اساس بند ۵ ماده ۳ این دستورالعمل، واردت کنندگان و تولید کنندگان مکمل های غذایی می توانند مجوز فروش مستقیم (به صورت اینترنتی) دریافت کنند!
جناب آقای دکتر شانه ساز، در جلسه ۲۶ خرداد مجمع عمومی داروسازان کشور صراحتا به جنابعالی عرض کردیم که قرائن نشان می دهد که یک جریان به طور کاملا هدفمند، پروژه حذف داروخانه های خصوصی مستقل را دنبال می کند. ابلاغ آئین نامه جدید تاسیس داروخانه ها در خرداد ماه که عملا به هر فرد حقیقی و حقوقی صرفا با داشتن سرمایه اجازه تاسیس داروخانه بدون هیچ محدودیتی در هر شهر و هر مکانی را می دهد و امروز این دستورالعمل که عملا لزوم اخذ مجوز از وزارت بهداشت و حتی استخدام مسئول فنی را برداشته تا ابر پلت فرم های اینترنتی بدون هیچ محدودیتی بازار کالاهای سلامت را قبضه کنند!
این انجمن ضمن مخالفت قاطع با پیش نویس این سند که در آن بدیهی ترین مبانی قانونی برای عرضه کالاهای سلامت در داروخانه، زیر نظر مسئول فنی رعایت نشده است، درخواست می نماید تا بررسی متن موصوف متوقف و به جای آن اصلاحات لازم در ضابطه “فروش اینترنتی فرآورده های سلامت غیر دارویی در داروخانه” انجام شود تا جلوی ورود و دخالت پلت فرم هایی مانند اسنپ و دیجی کالا در عرصه فروش کالاهای صرفا داروخانه ای گرفته شود.Quali sono gli animali più vulnerabili all’estinzione a causa dei cambiamenti climatici
Reperti fossili per identificare le specie oggi più a rischio a causa dei cambiamenti climatici causati dall’uomo
[11 Marzo 2024]
I cambiamenti climatici del passato, spesso causati da cambiamenti naturali nei gas serra dovuti all’attività vulcanica, hanno provocato l’estinzione di innumerevoli specie nel corso della storia della vita sulla Terra, ma oggi non è chiaro quali siano i fattori che rendono le specie più o meno resilienti al clima e in che modo l’entità del cambiamento climatico di origine antropica influisce sul rischio di estinzione.
Lo studio “Climate change is an important predictor of extinction risk on macroevolutionary timescales’, pubblicato su Science da un team di ricercatori delle università di Oxford e Bristol, ha cercato di rispondere a questa domanda analizzando la documentazione fossile di invertebrati marini (come ricci di mare, lumache e molluschi) negli ultimi 485 milioni di anni.
I ricercatori evidenziano che «Gli invertebrati marini hanno una documentazione fossile ricca e ben studiata, che rende possibile identificare quando e potenzialmente perché le specie si estinguono».
Utilizzando oltre 290.000 reperti fossili che coprono più di 9.200 generi, i ricercatori britannici hanno raccolto un dataset di tratti chiave che potrebbero influenzare la resilienza all’estinzione, compresi tratti non studiati in profondità in precedenza, come la temperatura preferita. Informazioni che sono state integrate con i dati della simulazione climatica per sviluppare un modello per comprendere quali fattori fossero più importanti nel determinare il rischio di estinzione durante il cambiamento climatico.
Gli autori dello studio hanno così scoperto che «Le specie esposte a maggiori cambiamenti climatici avevano maggiori probabilità di estinguersi. In particolare, le specie che hanno subito variazioni di temperatura di 7° C o più attraverso le fasi geologiche erano significativamente più vulnerabili all’estinzione».
Inoltre dicono che «Le specie che vivono in condizioni climatiche estreme (ad esempio nelle regioni polari) erano sproporzionatamente vulnerabili all’estinzione, e gli animali che potevano vivere solo in un intervallo ristretto di temperature (in particolare intervalli inferiori a 15° C) avevano una probabilità significativamente maggiore di estinguersi».
Ma gli scienziati fanno notare che «La dimensione dell’area geografica era il più forte predittore del rischio di estinzione. Le specie con aree geografiche più ampie avevano una probabilità significativamente inferiore di estinguersi. Anche le dimensioni corporee erano importanti, poiché le specie dal corpo più piccolo avevano maggiori probabilità di estinguersi. Tutti i tratti studiati hanno avuto un impatto cumulativo sul rischio di estinzione. Ad esempio, le specie con areali geografici ristretti e intervalli termici ristretti erano ancora più suscettibili all’estinzione rispetto alle specie che avevano solo uno di questi tratti».
il principale autore dello studio, Cooper Malanoski del Department of Earth Sciences di Oxford conferma che «Il nostro studio ha rivelato che l’area geografica è il più forte predittore del rischio di estinzione per gli invertebrati marini, ma che anche l’entità del cambiamento climatico è un importante fattore predittore di estinzione, che ha implicazioni per la biodiversità oggi di fronte al cambiamento climatico».
Dato che gli attuali cambiamenti climatici di origine antropica stanno
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他拿心来，才肯替他安心，慧可找不到。因为慧可用凡眼找心，祖师用道眼观心。最后慧可悟到，心都不可得，哪里还有可得的烦恼呢？有心才有烦恼，无心哪来的烦恼呢？同样，万事万物的外表各不相同，但在本质上都有一个产生、发展、灭亡的变化过程，形形sese的人各不相同，但在本质上都有喜怒哀乐的情绪，生老病死的过程。As Axiom’s chief R&D engineer Tom Cumberland describes it, a digital amplifier is a “power DAC”, and of course a DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) is the basis of all digitally recorded media, whether we’re talking about CDs, hi-res audio, Blu-Ray soundtracks, DVD video, and so on. The view of some that “all digital amplifiers are crap” is not true. In fact, the clock rate of a good digital audio amplifier is typically in the range of 350 to 500 kHz (that’s 500,000 Hz). (Axiom’s A1400 digital amplifier uses a 450-kHz clock frequency.) By contrast, even the highest-resolution digital audio system (DVD-Audio and a variant used for Blu-ray soundtracks) runs at 192 kHz, which is far below the clock rate of a good digital amplifier.
Different Forms of Class D Amplification
Though we may think that “digital” means all the circuits in a digital amplifier work in on/off pulses, in fact there are a number of different types, including digital amplifiers that have analog elements.
A digital amplifier will have either analog or digital inputs. Good digital amplifiers with analog inputs can use analog feedback networks to lower the amplifier’s distortion, in much the same way that a Class A/B analog amplifier uses a negative feedback network to lessen the distortion. However, a digital amplifier that accepts only a digital input must rely on the incoming digital signal to lower distortion.
Why feedback networks? The reason they are used is that all parts in an amplifier have “tolerances,” which means that any particular part has a range or value in which it operates. Anyone who has examined such basic parts as resistors may have noticed they are specified as being “5%” or “10%” resistors, which means the specified resistor value is accurate within a range of 5% or 10%, respectively. Consequently, because of these variations in parts, a feedback network “looks at” the outgoing signal from the amplifiee — the one that goes to your loudspeakers –and compares it to the incoming audio signal at the amplifier’s inputs. Any deviation in value away from the incoming signal is a distortion, so the negative feedback network applies inverse correction to compensate.
There are even differences in the operation of digital amplifiers. For example, the “ICE” digital amplifiers developed by the Ice Power division of Denmark’s Bang & Olufsen use a very complex negative feedback system due to parts tolerances. B&O holds patents on its “ICE” amplifier, which is basically a Class D switching design (Pulse Width Modulator) with variants that B&O claims reduces distortion to levels associated with Class A amps, while retaining the high efficiency of Class D switching designs.
“IR” (International Rectifier) is the system used by Axiom Audio in its A1400 digital amplifier. Axiom worked with International Rectifier to keep parts tolerances held to the very minimum amount, so that very little negative feedback would be used to correct for anomalies in the output. This approach also made the amplifier more robust in its operation without being subject to oscillations or instability.
Axiom and IR developed new silicon output devices that drive the MOSFETs in the output stage in such a way as to produce a perfect Pulse Width Modulated square wave at the output before the reconstruction filter.
Pros and Cons of ICE and IR Digital Amplifiers
One of the downsides to using a complex negative feedback network in a digital amplifier of the type used in ICE designs is a potential loss of efficiency. Performance may also suffer because of a slower clock rate.
In an IR type of digital design, which uses very little negative feedback or none at all, the clock rate is higher and efficiency increases. Moreover the high efficiency is combined with high power delivery and higher overall resolution. At full output, Axiom’s A1400 digital amp runs at about 95% efficiency (by comparison, class A/B analog amplifiers run between 50% and 60% efficiency; the remainder is wasted in heat).After an emergency, continue to listen to news reports on where to get help from disaster relief organizations and government agencies.
Health and Safety
- Be aware of new hazards created by the disaster, such as washed out roads, contaminated buildings, contaminated water, gas leaks, broken glass, damaged wires, and slippery floors.
- Beware of exhaustion. There is a tendency to attempt to do too much at once. Set your priorities and pace yourself. Create a manageable schedule.
- Watch for signs of stress and fatigue. Talk about the situation with others to release tension. Encourage others to talk about their concerns. Get professional crisis counseling if necessary.
- Encourage children to talk about their feelings. Explain how you plan to deal with the situation. Involve them in clean up activities. Being part of the recovery process will help them cope. Keep the family together.
- Drink plenty of clean water. Try to eat well and get enough rest.
- Wear sturdy work boots and gloves, and wash your hands thoroughly with soap and clean water often when working in debris.
- Inform local authorities about health and safety hazards, including chemical releases, downed power lines, washed out roads, smoldering insulation, or dead animals.
Returning to a Damaged Home
- Keep a battery-powered radio so you can listen for emergency updates.
- Wear sturdy work boots and gloves.
- Before going inside, walk carefully around the outside of the home and check for loose power lines, gas leaks, and structural damage. Do not enter if flood waters remain around the building. If you have any doubts about safety, have your home inspected by a professional before entering.
- Use a battery-powered flashlight for light. Do not use oil, gas lanterns, candles, or torches. Leaking gas or other flammable materials may be present. Do not smoke. Do not turn on lights until sure they are safe to use.
- Watch out for animals, especially poisonous snakes. Use a stick to poke through debris.
- Enter the building carefully and check for damage. Check for cracks in the roof, foundation, and chimneys. If it looks like the building may collapse, leave immediately. Be aware of loose boards and slippery floors.
- Check for gas leaks, starting at the hot water heater. If you smell gas or hear a hissing or blowing sound, open a window and leave immediately. Turn off the main gas valve from the outside, if you can. Call the gas company from a neighbor's house. If you shut off the gas supply at the main valve, you will need a professional to turn it back on.
- Check the electrical system. If you see sparks, broken or frayed wires, or if you smell hot insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker, even if the power is off in your neighborhood. However, do not touch the fuse box, a circuit breaker or anything else electrical if you are wet or standing in water. Rather, leave the building and call for help.
- Check appliances. If appliances are wet, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker. Then, unplug appliances and let them dry out. Have them checked by a professional before using again.
- Check the water and sewage systems. If pipes are damaged, turn off the water at the main water valve.
- Clean up spilled medicines, bleaches, and gasoline. Open cabinets carefully. Be aware of objects that might fall.
- Look for valuable items such as jewelry and family heirlooms and protect them.
- Try to protect your home from further damage. Open windows and doors to get air moving through. Patch holes.
- Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. The mud left behind by floodwaters can contain sewage and chemicals.
- If your basement has flooded, pump it out gradually (about one third of the water per day) to avoid damage. The walls may collapse and the floor may buckle if the basement is pumped out while the surrounding ground is still water logged.
- Check with local authorities before using any water; it could be contaminated. Wells should be pumped out and the water tested by authorities before drinking.
- Throw out fresh food that has come into contact with flood waters. Check refrigerated food for spoilage. Throw out flooded cosmetics and medicines.
- Call your insurance agent. Take pictures of damage. Keep good records of repair and cleaning costs.
Throughout the recovery period, it is important to monitor local radio or television reports and other media sources for information about where to get emergency housing, food, first aid, clothing, and financial assistance. The following is general information that may be available:
- Direct assistance to individuals and families may come from any number of organizations. The American Red Cross is often stationed right at the scene to help people with their most immediate medical, food, and housing needs. Other volunteer organizations such as the Salvation Army may also provide food, shelter and supplies, and assist in clean up efforts. Church groups and synagogues are often involved as well.
- In addition, social service agencies from local or state governments may be available to help people in shelters or provide direct assistance to families.
- In the most severe disasters, the Federal government is also called in to help individuals and families with temporary housing, counseling, low-interest loans and grants, and other assistance. Businesses and farmers are also eligible for aid.
- Most Federal assistance becomes available when the President of the U.S. declares a "Major Disaster" area at the request of a state governor. When this happens, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) sets up Disaster Application Centers at local schools and municipal buildings to process applications. Persons can apply for assistance by telephone as well. The telephone number will be announced by the media.Özel Gün ve Gecelerimiz ile Regaip Kandili Forumundan Regaib Gecesi Namazı Nasıl Kılınır? Hakkında Kısa Bilgi.
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Regaib Gecesi Namazı Nasıl Kılınır?
Reklam
Regaib Gecesi Namazı Nasıl Kılınır ?
Regâib Gecesi Namazı: Bu geceyi ibâdetle geçirmenin sevabı pek çoktur. Bu gecede kılınacak namaz 12 rekattir. Bu namazın kılınışı şöyledir:
Her rekatta fatihadan sonra üç kadir suresi ile 12 adette ihlas suresi okunur. Her iki rekatta bir selam verilerek 12 rekat tamamlanır. On ikinci rekat kılınıp selam verildikten sonra yerinden kalkmadan yetmiş kere Allahumme salli ala Muhammedinin nebiyyil ummiyyi ve ala alihi denilir. Sonra secdeye varılır. Secdede yetmiş kere subbuhun kuddusun Rabb-ul melaiketi verruhi denir.
Sonra secdeden kalkılarak ettahiyyatta oturulur. Ve yetmiş kere Rabbiğfir ve erham ve tecavez talemü dedikten sonra tekrar secde edilir. Secdede yetmiş kere subbuhun kuddusun Rabb-ul melaiketi verruhi dedikten sonra, isteklerimizi alemlerin Rabbine arz edilir. ( İhya ulumuddin, Bedir yayınları, 1974, c:1, s:555)
Regâib namazını cemaatle kılmak bid'attir. Zaten terâvihten başka hiçbir nâfile namaz cemaatle kılınmaz.
Paylaş
Regaib Gecesi Namazı Nasıl Kılınır? Mumine Forum
-公考常识判断精题练习（1）
1. 我国地质调查局认定，2008年5月12日发生在四川汶川的地震，其产生的主要原因是( )。
A．印度板块向亚洲板块俯冲，造成青藏高原快速隆升 B．亚洲板块向印度板块俯冲，造成青藏高原快速隆升 C．印度洋板块与太平洋板块激烈碰撞所致 D．亚洲板块与太平洋板块激烈碰撞所致
2．福建省首条经“小三通”口岸赴台湾旅游的线路是( )。
A．厦门一金门一台北 B．厦门一澎湖一高雄 c．福州～香港一台北 D．福州一澎湖～马祖一台北
3．我国现行宪法规定( )。
A．社会主义的公有财产不可侵犯。公民的私有财产不受侵犯
B．中华人民共和国的公有财产神圣不可侵犯。公民的私有财产不受侵犯 C-社会主义的合法的公有财产神圣不可侵犯。公民的私有财产不受侵犯 D.社会主义的公有财产神圣不可侵犯。公民的合法的私有财产不受侵犯
4．下列属于犯罪中止的是( )。 A．已经着手实行犯罪但犯罪未发生
B．在犯罪过程中，自动有效地防止犯罪结果发生
C．在犯罪过程中，由于行为人意志以外的原因犯罪结果未发生 D．行为人为实施犯罪而准备了工具，但没有着手实施犯罪
5. 某市机要局向K公司购买办公用品(手提电脑10台)后发现质量问题，现该局依法向K公司索赔，其所依之法是( )。
A．行政法 B．民法 C．经济法 D．宪法
6. 依我国《继承法》，关于遗嘱继承与法定继承的关系，正确的选项是( )。 A．遗嘱继承优先于法定继承 B．法定继承优先于遗嘱继承 C．遗嘱继承与法定继承无所谓谁优先 D．遗嘱继承与法定继承不相干
7. 发明专利权与实用新型和外观设计专利权的期限不同，其正确的选项是( )。 A. 前者为20年，后者为10年 B．前者为10年，后者为20年 C．前者后者均为10年 D．前者后者均为20年
8．下列选项中，不属于阶级社会中关于法律与道德的共同点的是( )。
A．都是社会规范 B．都具有阶级性 C．约束范围都相同 D．都是治国途径
9．依我国《民法通则》，关于委托书授权不明的民事责任，正确的选项是( )。 A．由代理人向第三人承担民事责任
B．被代理人应当向第三人承担民事责任，代理人负连带责任 C．代理人应当向第三人承担民事责任，被代理人负连带责任 D．由被代理人承担民事责任
10．对下列政府行为提起行政诉讼，人民法院依法不能受理的是( )。 A．县公安局违反《治安管理处罚法》规定对某人滥用处罚权 B．县政府制定某商品禁售的文件
C．专利权未到期限被县政府专利主管部门取消专利权 D．县工商局违反法规收取管理费
参考答案解析
1.A【解析】汶川大地震的成因是印度洋板块向亚洲板块俯冲，造成青藏高原隆升。所以答案为A项。
2.A【解析】福建省首条经“小三通”口岸赴台湾旅游的线路是“厦门—金门—台北”。所以答案为A项。
3.D【解析】《宪法》第12条规定：社会主义的公有财产神圣不可侵犯。国家保护社会主义的公共财产。禁止任何组织或者个人用任何手段侵占或者破坏国家的和集体的财产。第13条规定：公民的合法的私有财产不受侵犯。国家依照法律规定保护公民的私有财产权和继承权。国家为了公共利益的需要，可以依照法律规定对公民的私有财产实行征收或者征用并给予补偿。所以答案为D项。
4.B【解析】我国《刑法》规定，在犯罪过程中，自动放弃犯罪或者自动有效地防止犯罪结果发生的，是犯罪中止。所以答案为B项。
5.B【解析】二者属于平等主体之间的财产关系，适用民法。所以答案为B项。
6.A【解析】我国实行遗嘱继承优行于法定继承的原则。所以答案为A项。
7.A【解析】专利权的法律保护具有时间性，中国的发明专利权期限为20年，实用新型专利权和外观设计专利权期限为10年，均自申请日起计算。所以答案为A项。
8.C【解析】本题要求选出“不属于”的一项。法律与道德约束的范围是不同的，所以答案为C项。
9.B【解析】《民法通则》第65条第三款规定：委托书授权不明的，被代理人应当向第三人承担民事责任，代理人负连带责任。所以答案为B项。
10.B【解析】本题要求选出“不能”受理的一项。《行政诉讼法》第12条规定：人民法院不受理公民、法人或者其他组织对下列事项提起的诉讼：（—）国防、外交等国家行为；（二）行政法规、规章或者行政机关制定、发布的具有普遍约束力的决定、命令；（三）行政机关对行政机关工作人员的奖惩、任免等决定；（四）法律规定由行政机关最终裁决的具体行政行为。所以答案为B项。
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使用微信扫描二维码完成支付"HOOK UP!" - Evolution of WWII Static Line Hooks
#0: Lineman's Hook
The early T-4 static line hooks were a stopgap measure until one for this specific application could be developed. Known as a lineman’s pole snap, it was originally designed to help secure technicians while climbing electrical poles.
This hook has several slight variations and stands at just over 5 inches tall. At approximately 10.5 ounces, this heavy hook was made from blackened steel with the wide characteristic roller over which the webbing passed. This hook was rapidly replaced by the new 41B3674.
#1 & 2: Hook 41B3674
The T-4 and early T-5 parachutes employed the simple spring-loaded 8.5-ounce 41B3674 snap hook.
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sağlayıcılarını yeniden aktarma haklarını ödemeye zorlamalarına rağmen, ABC, CBS, Fox ve NBC, ürünlerini hava dalgaları üzerinden dağıtıyor. Aynısı diğer ülkelerdeki yayın ağları için de geçerlidir..
Onları almanız için tek ihtiyacınız olan bir anten ve küçük bir inek bilgisine sahip olduğunuzu gösterip kaydedebileceğiniz ve hatta reklamları kaldırabilirsiniz. Bunu nihai medya merkezi olan Kodi ile birleştirin XBMC Medya Merkezini Kurma XBMC Medya Merkezini Kurma XBMC, Kodi'ye dönüşmüş olabilir, ancak eski bir sürümünüz varsa, bu kılavuzun kurulumuna ve başladı. TV izlemek ve kaydetmek için mükemmel bir ara yüze sahip olursunuz, ayrıca XBMC Media Center için Web 5'in En İyi Eklentisine erişebilmenizi sağlar 5 XBMC Media Center için Eklentilerin Eklerini Ekleyerek XBMC'yi daha da iyi hale getirin bu inanılmaz eklentiler. İster televizyon, ister spor, ister oyun oynamalısınız, bu eklentiler televizyonunuzdan en iyi şekilde yararlanmanıza yardımcı olacaktır. Geçen sefer,… lafını çektim… .
Kabloyu kesmenin gerçek maliyetini araştırırken kısaca bahsetmiştik. Kabloyu İptal Etmeyi Düşünerek Kordonun Gerçek Maliyeti? Kabloyu Kesmenin Gerçek Maliyeti Her şeyi eklerken, gerçekten kabloyu keserek paradan tasarruf ediyor musunuz? Kablo iptaliyle ilgili matematiği İnternet hizmetleri lehine yapıyoruz. , çünkü ağ TV tarafından sunulan canlı spor ve şovlar Netflix ve Sling gibi Web tabanlı servisler için mükemmel bir iltifattır, özellikle de bir PVR (Kişisel Video Kaydedici) eklediğinizde. Ancak, pek fazla ayrıntıya girmedik.
Uzun süredir Windows Media Center'ın en iyi PVR programı olduğunu düşündük. En İyi PVR: Windows Media Center! En İyi PVR: Windows Media Center! Microsoft'un böcek dolu bir yazılımla şişirilmiş bir yazılımla kereste canavarı olarak algılanmasına rağmen, aslında yıllar boyunca bazı iyi yazılımlar ürettiler. Bugün Windows Media'yı vurgulamak istiyorum… ancak Microsoft şu anda aktif olarak bu programı öldürüyor gibi görünüyor. Öyleyse, NextPVR adlı bir Windows yazılımı kullanan alternatif bir kılavuz. Gelecekteki makalelerde iyi inceleyebileceğimiz çeşitli alternatif araçlar var (ve bazılarınızın yorumlarda göstereceğine inanıyorum).
Birinci Adım: TV Tuner Kartı ve Anten Alın
Antennaweb.org [Artık Kullanılmıyor] 'a giderseniz, hangi istasyonların size yakın olduğunu ve nerede olduklarını hemen öğrenebilirsiniz..
Heyecan verici, değil mi? Ancak, bilgisayarınızın TV yayınlarını alması için, TV tarayıcı kartına ihtiyacınız olacak. NextPVR'nin belgeleri özellikle Hauppauge tuner kartlarını kullanmanızı önerir - Bu makale için Hauppauge 2250'yi (100 $) kullanıyorum (Lifehacker ayrıca ikinci bir görüşe ihtiyaç duyarsanız bu modeli önerir).
Özel bir kart takmamayı tercih ederseniz USB seçenekleri vardır. NextPVR çok çeşitli cihazları desteklemektedir - Belirli bir kartla birlikte Google’a gitmelerini öneririm “NextPVR”, satın almadan önce.
TV alıcısına ek olarak bir antene ihtiyacınız olacaktır. Harika çalışan düz bir anten olan Mohu Yaprağı kullanıyorum Mohu Yaprağı ile Ücretsiz Havadan TV Şovlarının Keyfini Çıkarın [Giveaway] Mohu Yaprağı ile Ücretsiz Havadan TV Şovlarının Keyfini Çıkarın Mohu Yaprağı ile [Giveaway] The Mohu Leaf, ücretsiz olarak HD kalitesinde televizyon almak için duvarınıza asabileceğiniz, ince bir TV antenidir. Bir Mohu Leaf Plus ve… değerinde iki normal Mohu Leaf anteni veriyoruz… (Amazon’dan bir tane).
Dijital sinyalleri alabilen herhangi bir anten gayet iyi çalışmalıdır - eğer gerçekten isterseniz, DIY HDTV Antenli Kendi Anten Kablo Kablosu'nu bile yapabilirsiniz.
Yani, bir TV kartı al, bir anten al ve hazırlan. Kulağa pahalı geliyorsa, unutmayın: kablo şirketleri sadece bir DVR kiralamak için ayda 10 ABD doları alıyorlar, yeniden iletim ücretlerinde ne kadar para ödüyorlarsa olsunlar, yani gerçekten kabloyu kestiyseniz kısa sürede paradan tasarruf edersiniz.
İkinci Adım: NextPVR'yi Kurun ve Kurun
TV kartınızı taktıktan sonra, sürücüleri yüklemek için verilen yönergeleri izleyin. Ardından NextPVR.com adresine gidin ve en son sürümü indirin.
Kurulum basittir: standart “Sonrakine tıkla” Windows kullanıcılarının alışkın olduğu bir dans. Kurduktan sonra devam edin ve açın. NextPVR arayüzünü göreceksiniz - herhangi bir yere sağ tıklayın ve ayarları bulacaksınız.
TV tarayıcınızı doğru bir şekilde kurduğunuzu varsayalım; Cihazlar. Bu durumda, seçin ve tıklayın. Cihaz kurulumu. Buradan TV kanallarını tarayabilirsiniz..
Bölgenizdeki resepsiyonun ne kadar iyi olduğuna bağlı olarak bu zor kısımdır. Daha fazla kanal alıp alamayacağınızı görmek için anteni hareket ettirerek Antennaweb’de gördüğünüz listeyle karşılaştırın.
Kanal listenizden memnunsanız, Kanallar Bölüm. İsterseniz tüm kanalları yeniden adlandırın ve ardından Tamam EPG'yi güncelle - bu, sizin için geçerli TV programını indirecektir. Bir sonraki kafa kodlayıcılar bölüm ve tüm durumlar için bir kodlayıcı seçin. Ardından Kayıt çıkıntı.
Varsayılan olarak, kayıtlarınız C: \ sürücünüzde bitiyor, bu nedenle başka bir sürücü kullanmayı tercih ettiğinizden emin olun. Ayrıca canlı TV ara belleğinizin nerede saklanacağını da seçebilirsiniz. Çeşitli çıkıntı.
Kontrol edebileceğiniz birkaç başka ayar vardır, bu yüzden daha sonra bu ekranı inceleyin. Ancak, yukarıdakileri yapmanız TV izlemeye başlamanıza olanak sağlamak için yeterli olmalıdır. Bunu, NextPVR'nin kendi arayüzünde, yukarıdakileri görmek için, eğer test etmek istiyorsanız, ya da Kodi ile çalışmak üzere NextPVR'yi ayarlayabilirsiniz..
Üçüncü Adım: İnanılmaz Bir Arayüz İçin Kodi Kurun
Kodi, TV şovunuzu ve film koleksiyonunuzu düzenleyebilen, çevrimiçi videolara erişebilmenizi ve canlı TV izlemek için bir arabirim sağlayabilen çapraz platformlu bir medya oynatıcısıdır. Daha da iyisi: uzaktan kumanda ile kolayca kontrol edilebilir.
Kodi'yi NextPVR ile çalışacak şekilde ayarlamak karmaşık değildir. İlk önce gitmek gerekir televizyon Kodi'nin bölümü Ayarlar ekran, sonra tıklayın, “Canlı TV'yi etkinleştir”. Bu noktada bir eklentiyi etkinleştirmeniz istenecek.
Başına NextPVR eklenti, sonra Yapılandır o.
Muhtemelen varsayılanları bırakabilirsiniz - Hostadı yalnızca Kodi'yi NextPVR'nin yüklü olduğu bilgisayardan başka bir bilgisayarda kullanıyorsanız ve NextPVR Bağlantı Noktası yalnızca bilerek değiştirirseniz değişir. Ancak, gitmenizi tavsiye ederim ileri ve Canlı TV Tamponunu etkinleştirme.
Bu yapıldıktan sonra, Ayarlar'daki TV bölümüne geri dönün. İnce ayar yapabileceğiniz daha fazla ayar var ve gerçekten dışarı çıkmak istiyorsanız ağ logoları bile ekleyebilirsiniz, ancak temelde gitmeye hazır olmalısınız.
Kodi'nin ana ekranının Canlı TV bölümünden artık televizyon kanallarınıza, kayıtlarınıza erişebilir ve hatta DVR'nizi bir şeyler kaydedecek şekilde ayarlayabilirsiniz. Ve bunu yalnızca bir bilgisayarla sınırlamanız gerekmez: ağınızdaki herhangi bir makine NextPVR'ye erişebilir, yani yukarıdaki adımları tekrarlarsanız (NextPVR'yi çalıştıran bilgisayarın IP'sini ekleyerek) Hostadı).
Bu sadece başlangıç.
Daha önce de söyledim ve tekrar söyleyeceğim: kablo kesiciler set üstü kutuları görmezden gelmeli ve masaüstü PC'leri kullanmalı Kordon Kesiciler: Set Kutularını Yok Sayın ve Bir PC Yerine Kordon Kesiciler'i Kullanın: Set Kutularını Yok Sayın ve Bir Bilgisayar Kullanın Bunun yerine Ditching cable? Özel medya merkezi cihazlarından uzak durun. Yedek PC'niz mükemmel bir alternatif oluşturur, çünkü kurulumu ucuz, daha güçlü ve sonsuza kadar esnek. . Bu eğitimde gösterdikleri gibi onlar sadece iş için en çok yönlü araç,.
Ve gerçekten, bu makale bir ev PVR kurulumunun yapabileceklerinin yüzeyini gözden kaçırıyor. Buraya girebileceğim birçok şey var: Kodi ile uzaktan kumanda kurmak, reklamları atlamak için Comskip'i kullanmak ve hatta ev ağınızdaki herhangi bir bilgisayardan kayıtları programlamak için NextPVR'nin web arayüzünü kullanmak. Yorumlardaki tüm bunlar ve daha fazlası hakkında konuşmaya istekliyim ve yeterince insan ilgiliyse gelecekteki makalelerde ele alacağım.
Hadi Konuşalım! Yardım etmek için buradayım ve bunların hepsini devam eden bir süreç olarak görmeye geldim. Hepimiz TV için ödeme yapmayı bırakalım, bir seferde bir ev PVR kurulumu.Ders kitabı dünyasını açarsanız hikayeler önemli tarihlerin genellikle bir tabloda toplandığı uçucu yaprak üzerinde, 100 yıllarında maksimum beş ila altı devir görülebilir. 2010-11 yıl boyunca tarih ders kitabı yazacak yazarları kıskanabilirsiniz. Belki de pek çok devrim ve darbe, elbette, Latin Amerika'nın tarihini almazsanız, herhangi bir tarihsel dönemi bilmiyordu. Sadece Latin Amerika 19-yüzyılda, mücadele, dışsal tahakkümden (İspanyolca) bağımsızlık içindi ve mevcut devrimler, devrimciler kendilerinden yendiklerinde, diğerleri korktuğu için "turuncu" (veya "renk") yeni sınıfına aitti. Dahası, modern devrimler için tarifler oldukça basittir; öyle ki, dünyanın hemen her köşesinde kullanılabilirler. Peki, modern darbeler neye karıştı? Tarif hakkında konuşursak, yaklaşık olarak budur.
Öncelikle, gezegenimizin belirli bir ülkesinde mutlaka bir şeyden memnun olmayan bir avuç insan (belki de çok küçük) olmalıdır. Ülke yeterince başarılı olsa bile, hoşnutsuzluğu hala bulabilirsiniz. Birisi maaş seviyesinden hoşlanmıyor, biri Lexus'unun rengini sevmiyor ve farklı bir rengin Lexus'u asansör vermiyor, biri ne kadar turistin topraklarını ezdiğini göremiyor, biri mutlu değil Duvardaki ülke liderinin portresinin solmaya başladığını ve liderin hala değişmek istemediğini söyledi.
Daha sonra, hoşnutsuz olanlar bir kerede bir yerde toplanmaya çalışmalı ve hemen Batı medyasının muhabirlerini bu yere göndermelidir. Elbette sosyal ağlar veya SMS mesajları yoluyla toplamak daha iyidir. Bu yüzden modern kişiye daha hızlı geliyor, çünkü tuvalette bile cep telefonundan ayrılmıyor. Hoşnutsuz bir Müslüman ise, o zaman mesaj metninde, bazı alçakların yine Hz. Peygamber'in yanlış açısını gösterdiğini ve acilen merkezi bir şehir meydanına koşarak onunla en gerekli şeyleri alması gerektiğini belirtebilirsiniz. Hoşnutsuz, bir ateist ise, o zaman mesajda ülkenin bütün ateistlerin zorunlu Hristiyanlaştırılması (İslamlaştırma, Musevileşme) hakkında bir yasa kabul edeceğini gösterebilir. Genel olarak, metin bir kişiyi çılgına çevirmeli ve acil harekete geçmelidir.
Hoşnutsuz toplanacak olsa da, başınızı ketçapla bulaştırabilir ve İngiliz ya da Amerikan haber kanallarından birine röportaj verebilirsiniz. Burada çok fazla konuşmak gerekmiyor, asıl mesele kırılmış İngilizce’de “özgür”, “demokrasi” veya “halk devrimi” gibi kelimelerin yanı sıra “yeni güce ihtiyacımız” ruhu içerisinde kendi dillerinde birkaç kelime olması ya da başka bir şey olması. aynı şekilde. Akıllı muhabirler yüksek kaliteli kesim yapacak ve izleyiciye ihtiyaç duydukları kelimeleri getirecek.
Aynı zamanda, memnuniyetsiz posterleri temyiz ile teslim etme ihtiyacı duyulmuyor. Aramalar doğal olarak elle yazılmalıdır. Diğer bir deyişle, aynı “Özgürlük” ve “Demokrasi” ile tanışılmalıdır. Afişlerin% 99'inin sadece İngilizce metin ile yazılması gerektiğini unutmamalıyız, böylece tüm püresi için demlenmiş olanlar, insanların uykuda olmadığını görüyorlar. Protestocular arasında çocuk olmalı. Kendi evlerinden alınabilirler, ancak caddeye ev yapanların hizmetlerini kullanmak daha iyidir. Onlar ezilmek için çok daha uygunlar. Bu tür çocuklar devrimci bir pankart çizmek için yüzlerinde renkli bir diş macunu olmalı ve “İki haftadır bir şey yemedim!” İfadesiyle ellerinde küçük bir poster vermeli.
Toplananların on beş dakika sonra dağılmaması için şişirildiklerinin farkına varmak için para, çadır, bayrak, tematik gazete ve bol miktarda yiyecek biriktirmeniz gerekiyor. Portakal devrimlerinde bazı uzmanlar alkol kullanılmasını önermektedir. Ondan, dedikleri gibi, protesto daha doğal.
Karl Marx'ın büstünü yanınıza alabilir veya Che Guevara'nın resmiyle bir tişört giyebilirsiniz. Eylemin dünyanın en gelişmiş ve demokratik devletlerinde yayınlandığını unutmamalıyız. Bu nedenle, toplantılar için aydınlık yerler seçmeniz gerekir. Devrim hükümet binalarından uzak olmayan bir yerde karıştıysa, gereksiz olmazdı. Bu durumda, polise taş ve boş şişe atması gereken bir grup insan hazırlamanız gerekir. Bu "ısıtılmış" devrimciler her zaman bulunacaktır. Polis protestocuları alıkoymaya başlarsa, devrimci hareketin yeni bir aşamaya geçmesi harika olacak. Aynı zamanda polisin toplayıcı önlemler almak için acelesi yok, o zaman inisiyatif kendi ellerine alınmalı: meydanın üzerine bir düzine kadar sprey gazı püskürtün. Aynı zamanda gözlerini gözyaşlarıyla ve elleriyle kapatarak, polisin insanlara karşı olduğunu ve barışçıl göstericilere karşı zaten güç kullandıklarını kameraya bağırdığını hatırlaman gerekiyor.
Özellikle başarılı bir devrimci hareket şu olabilir: polis olarak kılık değiştiren “devrime” katılan iki ya da üç katılımcı, CNN hücresine yaklaşmalı ve protestocuların yanına gittiklerini söylemelidir. Elbette, konuşmalarında "isyancılar" veya "özgürlük savaşçıları" kelimesini kullanmak daha iyidir. Bu sözler batı izleyicileri üzerinde silinmez bir izlenim bırakıyor.
Asıl mesele birkaç gün bekletmek, sonra heves ödüllendirilebilir ve uzun zamandır beklenen NATO bombardıman uçakları gökyüzünde belirecek ...Neonati, anticipare lo svezzamento migliora il sonno
Per aiutare i neonati a dormire meglio bisogna introdurre la pappa prima dei sesto mese.
Il bambino non dorme? Cerca di stare tranquilla è una fase di passaggio. Purtroppo ci sono bimbi che hanno un temperamento più nervoso e faticano a riposare. Il problema si risolve con la crescita. È poco consolante per una mamma che non dorme da mesi, ma è un concetto cui bisogna aggrapparsi per non disperare e per trovare la forza di tenere duro. I ricercatori del King’s College London e della St George’s University di Londra (Regno Unito) hanno scoperto che con l’introduzione della pappa i piccoli riposano meglio.
Gli autori hanno esaminato il rapporto tra alimentazione e sonno in 1.303 bambini di tre mesi allattati esclusivamente al seno. Dopo aver suddivido i piccoli in due gruppi, gli studiosi hanno chiesto alle mamme di iniziare lo svezzamento a partire dai 6 mesi, oppure di cominciare a introdurre cibi solidi nella dieta già a 3 mesi.
Cosa concilia il sonno ai bimbi
Cosa concilia il sonno ai bimbi? Ecco qualche idea utile per tutte le mamme e tutti i papà.
Che cosa è emerso? I piccolini svezzati prima dei 6 mesi si addormentavano prima e dormivano più a lungo. E non è tutto, si svegliavano meno frequentemente e soffrivano meno di problemi del sonno rispetto a quelli che per i primi 6 mesi di vita avevano assunto soltanto latte materno.
Non stiamo parlando di grandi dormite, care mamme. Ma di 16 minuti di più a notte, per circa 2 ore la settimana. Mentre la frequenza con cui si svegliavano la notte era da 2 a 1,74 volte inferiore. Di conseguenza, anche i loro genitori soffrivano meno frequentemente di disturbi del sonno rispetto a quelli degli altri bebè.
Via | BimbisaniebelliLacene Hafsa April 17, 2021 Worksheets
This event can be used on all versions of Excel. This can be useful if you want to see a list of elements of certain web page or if you want to know which pages you have visited through that specific workbook. The Worksheet Pivot Table Update event will run code every time a pivot table within that specific worksheet is updated or refreshed. This event uses the target parameter to return the updated pivot
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00g/m2，用于中等腐蚀条件；厚镀锌组上锌量为75～260g/m2，用于严重腐蚀条件。为确保钢丝绳的质量，钢丝镀锌层表面应平滑、完整、均匀和牢固。当镀锌钢丝呈螺旋状缠绕在直径为钢丝直径5倍或10倍的芯杆上时，锌层不应脱落或开裂。对镀锌层的耐腐蚀能力，也应做相应的检验。
钢丝的镀锌有多线连续热镀和电镀两种方法。
电镀锌(见钢丝电镀锌)是通过外加电源，用电沉积的方式获得镀层，获得的镀层是由细密的纯锌晶粒所组成。热镀锌(见钢丝热镀锌)是靠物理的热扩散作用形成镀层，首先形成铁一锌化合物，相继在铁一锌化合物表面生成纯锌层。从理论上讲，电镀锌可获得任意厚度的锌层。目前实用的电镀锌上锌量可达1200g/m2。，一般电镀锌层上锌量也可达750g/m2。
而热镀锌上锌量最高值也不过593g/m2。。热镀锌会降低钢丝的力学性能，要求强度高及耐腐蚀性高的镀锌钢丝绳，多采用电镀锌钢丝捻制。Limitatamente alle consultazioni elettorali e referendarie dell'anno 2020, gli elettori sottoposti a trattamento domiciliare o in condizioni di quarantena o di isolamento fiduciario per COVID-19 sono ammessi al voto presso il comune di residenza.
Gli elettori di cui al comma precedente devono far pervenire al sindaco del comune nelle cui liste sono iscritti, con modalita' individuate dall'ente medesimo, anche telematiche, in un periodo compreso tra il decimo e il quinto giorno antecedente quello della votazione:
a) una dichiarazione attestante la volonta' di esprimere il voto presso il proprio domicilio e recante l'indirizzo completo di questo;
b) un certificato, rilasciato dal funzionario medico designato dai competenti organi dell'azienda sanitaria locale, in data non anteriore al quattordicesimo giorno antecedente la data della votazione (06/09/2020), che attesti l'esistenza delle condizioni di cui al comma 1.
Gli elettori interessati dovranno inviare la prescritta dichiarazione fra GIOVEDI’ 10 SETTEMBRE 2020 e MARTEDI’ 15 SETTEMBRE 2020, utilizzando preferibilmente l’apposito modulo allegato.Privacy Act of 1974
Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978
California v. Greenwood
U.S. SUPREME COURT RULING
(CALIFORNIA V. GREENWOOD – 1988)
What does the law say about the privacy of trash?
Summary: Supreme Court ruled that trash is not private. The Court ruled “It is common knowledge that plastic garbage bags left along a public street are readily accessible to animals, children, scavengers, snoops, and other members of the public.”
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES No. 86-684, May 16, 1988.
CALIFORNIA v. GREENWOOD ET AL.
CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT.
Acting on information indicating that respondent Greenwood might be engaged in narcotics trafficking, police twice obtained from his regular trash collector garbage bags left on the curb in front of his house. On the basis of items in the bags which were indicative of narcotics use, the police obtained warrants to search the house, discovered controlled substances during the searches, and arrested respondents on felony narcotics charges. Finding that probable cause to search the house would not have existed without the evidence obtained from the trash searches, the State Superior Court dismissed the charges under People v. Krivda, 5 Cal. 3d 357, 486 P. 2d 1262, which held that warrantless trash searches violate the Fourth Amendment and the California Constitution. Although noting a post-Krivda state constitutional amendment eliminating the exclusionary rule for evidence seized in violation of state, but not federal, law, the State Court of Appeal affirmed on the ground that Krivda was based on federal, as well as state, law.
- The Fourth Amendment does not prohibit the warrantless search and seizure of garbage left for collection outside the curtilage of a home. Pp. 39-44.
(a) Since respondents voluntarily left their trash for collection in an area particularly suited for public inspection, their claimed expectation of privacy in the inculpatory items they discarded was not objectively reasonable. It is common knowledge that plastic garbage bags left along a public street are readily accessible to animals, children, scavengers, snoops, and other members of the public. Moreover, respondents placed their refuse at the curb for the express purpose of conveying it to a third party, the trash collector, who might himself have sorted through it or permitted others, such as the police, to do so. The police cannot reasonably be expected to avert their eyes from evidence of criminal activity that could have been observed by any member of the public. Pp. 39-43.
(b) Greenwood’s alternative argument that his expectation of privacy in his garbage should be deemed reasonable as a matter of federal constitutional law because the warrantless search and seizure of his garbage was impermissible as a matter of California law under Krivda, which he contends survived the state constitutional amendment, is without merit. The reasonableness of a search for Fourth Amendment purposes does not depend upon privacy concepts embodied in the law of the particular State in which the search occurred; rather, it turns upon the understanding of society as a whole that certain areas deserve the most scrupulous protection from government invasion. There is no such understanding with respect to garbage left for collection at the side of a public street. Pp. 43-44.
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
(HEALTH INFORMATION PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT)
What does HIPAA REALLY say about paper shredding?
It doesn’t require covered entities to shred. Really, it doesn’t. It does, however, require covered entities to protect PHI and specifically uses shredding as one of several examples of appropriate safeguards for PHI. Here is the pertinent text:
We do not prescribe the particular measures that covered entities must take to meet this standard, because the nature of the required policies and procedures will vary with the size of the covered entity and the type of activities that the covered entity undertakes. (That is, as with other provisions of this rule, this requirement is “scalable.”)Examples of appropriate safeguards include requiring that documents containing protected health information be shredded prior to disposal, and requiring that doors to medical records departments (or to file cabinets housing such records) remain locked, and limiting which personnel are authorized to have the key or passcode. We intend this to be a common sense, scalable, standard.
This is the only place paper shredding is mentioned in the text of the law.
HIPAA also establishes penalties for willful or accidental release of PHI:
(a) OFFENSE. — A person who knowingly and in violation of this part —
- uses or causes to be used a unique health identifier;
- obtains individually identifiable health information relating to an individual; or
- discloses individually identifiable health information to another person,
shall be punished as provided in subsection (b).
(b) PENALTIES. — A person described in subsection (a) shall —
- be fined not more than $50,000, imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both;
- if the offense is committed under false pretenses, be fined not more than $100,000, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both; and
- if the offense is committed with intent to sell, transfer, or use individually identifiable health information for commercial advantage, personal gain, or malicious harm, be fined not more than $250,000, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.”
GLBA (Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act)
THE GRAMM-LEACH-BLILEY ACT
Summary: Any business providing financial services is required to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer personal information. The FTC suggests businesses “shred or recycle customer information recorded on paper and store it in a secure area until a recycling service picks it up.”
Below is text from a Federal Trade Commission series of publications called Facts for Businesses. This publication is titled “Financial Institutions and Customer Data: Complying with the Safeguards Rule”. Only sections that pertain to the privacy of printed records have been included. The full text of the document can be found athttp://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/buspubs/safeguards.htm.
Financial Institutions and Customer Data: Complying with the Safeguards Rule
Many financial institutions collect personal information from their customers, such as their names, addresses and phone numbers; bank and credit card account numbers; income and credit histories; and Social Security numbers. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley (GLB) Act requires financial institutions to ensure the security and confidentiality of this type of information. As part of its implementation of the GLB Act, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has issued the Safeguards Rule. This Rule requires financial institutions under FTC jurisdiction to secure customer records and information.
Who Must Comply
The Safeguards Rule applies to businesses, regardless of size, that are “significantly engaged” in providing financial products or services to consumers. This includes check-cashing businesses, data processors, mortgage brokers, nonbank lenders, personal property or real estate appraisers, professional tax preparers, courier services, and retailers that issue credit cards to consumers.
How to Comply
The Safeguards Rule requires financial institutions to develop a written information security plan that describes their program to protect customer information. The plan must be appropriate to the financial institution’s size and complexity, the nature and scope of its activities, and the sensitivity of the customer information it handles.
When a firm implements safeguards, the Safeguards Rule requires it to consider all areas of its operation, including three areas that are particularly important to information security:employee management and training; information systems; and managing system failures.
Information systems include network and software design, and information processing, storage, transmission, retrieval, and disposal. Here are some suggestions on how to maintain security throughout the life cycle of customer information — that is, from data entry to data disposal:
- Store records in a secure area. Make sure only authorized employees have access to the area.
- Dispose of customer information in a secure manner. For example:
- hire or designate a records retention manager to supervise the disposal of records containing nonpublic personal information;
- shred or recycle customer information recorded on paper and store it in a secure area until a recycling service picks it up;
- erase all data when disposing of computers, diskettes, magnetic tapes, hard drives, or any other electronic media that contains customer information;
- promptly dispose of outdated customer information.
FACTA (Fair and Accurate Transaction Act)
FAIR AND ACCURATE CREDIT TRANSACTIONS ACT (FACTA)
What is FACTA?
FACTA is the Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act. Passed by Congress in 2003, it is one of several recent laws (including HIPAA for the healthcare industry and Gramm-Leach-Bliley for the financial services industry) that seeks to protect businesses and consumers from fraud and identity theft. The USAToday article referred to a new section (section 216) that requires any person who maintains consumer information to dispose of it properly.
Who does it affect?
The law affects any person or business that possesses consumer information. This includes consumer reporting agencies, lenders, employers, landlords, government agencies, mortgage brokers, and automobile dealers — just to name a few. The law applies to any business over which the FTC has jurisdiction. The FTC’s jurisdiction does not extend to several areas of the banking and finance industry, but the financial services industry has its own law called the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act that has very similar requirements.
What exactly is this consumer information?
Consumer information is any record about an individual, whether in paper, electronic, or other form that is contained in a credit report and can identify the individual. Examples of identifying information include social security numbers, driver’s license numbers, phone numbers, physical addresses, and email addresses. This information could be on a mortgage application, an insurance policy, a loan scoring sheet — anything that could be found in a credit report. Aggregate information (without identifiers) is not affected by the rule.
What do I have to do?
You have to take reasonable measures to protect the information from unauthorized access or use once you have disposed of it. Disposal is defined as the “discarding or abandonment of consumer information” as well as the sale of any medium (computer equipment) on which that information is stored. So before you toss that old computer that has customer records on it, you have to erase or destroy the hard drive.
Do I have to shred everything?
Nope. The law says you just have to take a “reasonable measure” to destroy anything that could identify an individual and might contain information in a credit report. Shredding is one method — you could also take it out back, throw gasoline on it and toss a match (though you might want to check with your local fire department before doing this).
For other business information, we ask a simple question: would we want a competitor to see this? If not, it gets shredded. See our “Why Shred?” page for what the law says about trash being private.
What exactly is a “reasonable measure”?
For paper, the FTC uses the example of shredding, burning, or pulverizing paper to prevent its use. This could mean purchasing a small office shredder or burning it in your fireplace at home — either one would work. Another example is hiring an outside firm that specializes in records destruction. For electronic media, they recommend destruction or erasure. In addition to the actual destruction, the FTC said that reasonable measures are likely to require establishing policies and procedures for destroying information, and training employees on what needs to be done.
Can I contract with an outside firm to do my destruction?
Yes, in fact the rule specifically mentions contracting with a document destruction business as “reasonable measure”. But you have to perform some due diligence on the outside firm to make sure they do what they say they do. This due diligence could include reviewing an independent audit of the disposal company’s operations, obtaining information about the disposal company from several independent references, and requiring the company to be certified by a recognized trade association or similar third party. Note that Tri-State Shred has the highest certificate rating possible from the National Association for Information Destruction.
What happens if I don’t?
Violations of FACTA and its parent, the Fair and Accurate Credit Reporting Act, carry penalties of actual damages plus statutory damages up to $1,000 per customer for willful violations (with no cap on class-action damages), punitive damages, attorneys’ fees, and civil penalties.一秒记住♂.{完^本,神^立占,首^发}♂手机用户输入地址：м.шanbentxt.coM
在这趟拜访列夫.托尔斯泰伯爵的行程里，吴川给自己做的定位就是，一位前来观瞻名人的普通游客。对于这个时代的某些人来说，或许列夫.托尔斯泰伯爵是他们文学上的偶像，精神上的导师。
但是对于吴川来说，列夫.托尔斯泰伯爵在他脑海里一直都是在活着的大师和近代名人的形象中来回穿梭着。他既无法把面前这位留在一大把白胡子的忧郁老人和他记忆中的近代文豪联系起来，又不能将列夫.托尔斯泰伯爵当成一位普通名人来对待。
于是他觉得最好的办法就是，把自己当成一位在1910年旅行的游客，把这趟行程当做参观名人生活的旅游，这样他就不必试图去将这个活着的列夫.托尔斯泰伯爵和自己印象中的文豪重合在一起了。
虽然1910年的世界已经有了电报、电话和报纸、火车，世界各地的居民出门旅行的障碍正变得越来越小，他们对于世界各地发生的大事也知道的越来越及时，不过像列夫.托尔斯泰伯爵的名望和著作，也只是流传于各国的上层人士和知识精英的圈子里。
他要是对伯爵表现的太过热情，这就变得不像个来自中国的普通学生了。更何况，后世的人总喜欢用自己的设想或是需要去塑造古代的名人事迹，天知道他所记得的那点关于列夫.托尔斯泰伯爵的印象，究竟经过了多少人不同的加工。
正处于一个险恶处境的吴川，可不想再引来更多对自己出身的怀疑。只不过世事总是难料的，吴川虽然把自己当成了三人中的陪衬，可是伯爵对他的兴趣却比对美国记者和俄国上尉大的多。
当他听到伯爵用不甚标准的东北话向他打招呼，吴川也是醉了，他握着伯爵的手有些茫然的问道：“您会中文？”
托尔斯泰伯爵看着吴川发傻的样子，终于变的开心了起来，他用力的拍了拍吴川的肩膀说道：“年轻人放轻松一些，不要这么拘束。我花了两年时间学习中文，也只是刚刚入门，这可比法文和德文难学多了。”
伯爵一边说着，一边把吴川拉到自己身边坐了下来，这让原本作为主客的美国记者佩奇也有些无奈，只好让出了自己原先的位置。
受到伯爵这样意外的热情对待，吴川既感到荣幸，又有些坐卧不安的惶恐，他不知道对方为何如此亲近自己，明明刚刚伯爵出现在客厅时还是一副无精打采的样子。
不过接下来伯爵对他的问话，算是打消了吴川和其他人心中出现的疑惑，“其实我一直都想找一个真正的，了解本国文化的中国人好生谈一谈。可惜的是这里毕竟距离中国太过遥远，而中国的学者也很少来俄罗斯…”
伯爵一开始还是用中文在和吴川交谈，不过很快他就更换成了吴川能够听懂，而他自己更能熟练表达的英文。在伯爵兴致勃勃的述说中，包括吴川在内的三名宾客终于了解了，最近几年伯爵一直都在研究关于中国的文化，特别是老子和孔子的著作。
只不过伯爵不懂中文，而用俄文翻译的老子和孔子著作，总让他觉得其中有着太多含糊之处，这才迫使他不得不自学中文，试图阅读老子和孔子著作的中文原版，以便能够更好的理解这些古代中国学者的思想。
伯爵在解释之余，还不忘让一边帮他打理日常事务的大女儿去他的书房，把几本俄文版的老子、孔子著作拿过来，请吴川帮他解释
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انداز اختصاص یابد معادل 2٪ متوسط حجم سپرده های مذكور در همان دوره می باشد.
تبصره 1- مبلغ (بودجه) جوایز در هر قرعه كشی با استفاده از رابطه ذیل بدست می آید:
مبلغ (بودجه) جوایز باری هر دوره= متوسط حجم سپرده های دوره ضرب در تعدادی ماه های دوره تقسیم بر 12 ضرب در 2%
تبصره 2- متوسط حجم سپرده های قرض الحسنه پس انداز در هر دوره از تقسیم مجموع مانده سپرده های مذكور
در پایان هر ماه دوره به تعداد ماه های دوره بدست می آید.
تبصره 3- چنانچه تاریخ آخرین مهلت، روز آخر ماه نباشد، مانده آن ماه در محاسبات دوره بعد منظور می گردد.
در هر صورت یك ماه نباید در محاسبات دو دوره متوالی منظور شود.
تبصره 4- بودجه جوایز قرعه كشی قرض الحسنه پس انداز باید از محل درآمدهای مؤسسه اعتباری (منافع سهامداران) تأمین گردد.
ماده 4- مؤسسه اعتباری در هر سال می تواند حداكثر به میزان 10 درصد از بودجه جوایز ذكر شده در ماده 3 را برای تبلیغات قرض الحسنه، امور فرهنگی، مطالعاتی و تبلیغاتی در جهت ارتقاء فرهنگ بانكداری اسلامی، امور عام المنفعه و پاداش كاركنان به شرح ذیل اختصاص دهد:
الف – حداكثر 2 درصد برای هزینه تبلیغات جهت جذب و تجهیز سپرده های قرض الحسنه پس انداز؛
ب- حداكثر 5 درصد جهت امور عام المنفعه به منظور مصرف در امور فرهنگی، آموزشی، بهداشتی، ورزشی و با اولویت مناطق محروم كشور؛
پ- حداكثر 3 درصد برای پاداش كاركنان مؤسسه اعتباری.
ماده 5- جوایز مربوط به هر دوره با توجه به مفاد مواد 8 و 9 این دستورالعمل، به دارندگان حساب ه ای واجد شرایط همان دوره تعلق می گیرد.
ماده 6- انواع جوایز قابل اعطاء به سپرده های قرض الحسنه پس انداز، به شرح ذیل تعیین می گردد:
الف- كمك هزینه خرید واحد مسكونی؛
ب- كمك هزینه سفر عمره، تمتع و عتبات عالیات؛
پ- كمك هزینه تحصیلی برای یك مقطع؛
ت- صنایع دستی ساخت صنعتگران داخلی و یا كمك هزینه خرید آن؛
ث- خودرو ساخت داخل یا كمك هزینه خرید آن؛
ج- سكه طلا و پول نقد؛
چ- لوازم خانگی تولید داخل و یا كمك هزینه خرید آن.
تبصره 1- حداكثر میزان هر یك از جوایز اعطائی اعم از نقدی و یا غیرنقدی به یك فرد در هر دوره در سال جاری پانصد میلیون ریال تعیین می شود. این میزان در سالهای بعدی توسط بانك مركزی تعیین می گردد.
تبصره 2- انواع جوایز پیش بینی شده در بندهای ت، ث، ج و چ باید از نظر مبلغ، معین و از نظر نوع، مشخص و عین آن موجود بوده و قبل از اعلام رسمی و انجام تبلیغات با رعایت ماده 3 این دستورالعمل تعیین و به هیأت نظارت اعلام گردد.
ماده 7- توزیع جوایز باید به ترتیبی انجام شود كه حداقل 10 درصد از تعداد صاحبان حساب های قرض الحسنه پس انداز واجد شرایط را در بر گیرد.
ماده 8- شركت در قرعه كشی جوایز حساب های قرض الحسنه پس انداز منوط به مفتوح بودن حساب و داشتن حداقل موجودی است. چنانچه قرعه به حسابی اصابت نمود كه از نظر مبلغ، كافی ولی از لحاظ مدت طی دوره قرعه كشی به حد تعیین شده نرسیده باشد اعطای جایزه منوط به حصول شرایط از نظر مدت خواهد بود. در هر صورت شرط اعطای جایزه، حفظ حداقل موجودی طی 3 ماه یا 90 روز متوالی در طی دوره یا از زمان آخرین مهلت افتتاح حساب یا تكمیل موجودی خواهد بود.
ماده 9- اعطای بیش از یك جایزه به دارنده چند حساب قرض الحسنه پس انداز در یك مؤسسه اعتباری در هر قرعه كشی ممنوع است. در صورت تعلق چند جایزه به حساب های یك سپرده گذار در یك مؤسسه اعتباری، فقط ارزنده ترین جایزه به او تعلق خواهد گرفت.
ماده 10- در مورد آن گروه از برندگان جوایز غیر نقدی كه مجهول المكان یا متوفی بوده یا امكان دسترسی به آنها یا وراث آنها پس از پیگیری های لازم وجود نداشته باشد و یا به موقع برای دریافت جایزه خود مراجعه ننمایند، مؤسسه اعتباری مجاز است حداكثر ظرف مدت شش ماه پس از تاریخ انجام قرعه كشی، نسبت به فروش جوایز غیر نقدی اقدام و وجوه مربوطه را به حساب ذینفع واریز نماید.
ماده 11- هزینه جوایز در سرفصل جداگانه در دفاتر كل مؤسسه اعتباری تحت عنوان “حساب هزینه جوایز سپرده های قرض الحسنه پس انداز” ثبت می گردد.
ماده 12- مؤسسه اعتباری موظف است به منظور انجام هماهنگی های لازم، یك ماه قبل از زمان برگزاری مراسم
قرعه كشی، كتبا” از اعضای هیأت نظارت جهت حضور در جلسه مقدماتی دعوت به عمل آورند.
ماده 13- مؤسسه اعتباری موظف است پس از انجام قرعه كشی و تایید هیأت نظارت، حداكثر ظرف هفت روز كاری نتایج را كتبا” به اطلاع هر یك از برندگان جوایز ارزنده رسانیده و در خصوص اسامی سایر برندگان، به نحو مناسب اطلاع رسانی نماید.
ماده 14- تركیب اعضای هیأت نظارت به شرح ذیل تعیین می گردد:
1- نمایندگان بانك مركزی (یك نفر از حوزه نظارت و یك نفر از حوزه فناوری اطلاعات)؛
2- نماینده دادستانی كل كشور؛
3- نماینده وزارت امور اقتصادی و دارایی (اداره كل امور اقتصادی و دارایی در استان ها) در خصوص مؤسسات اعتباری دولتی.
تبصره – حضور مدیر عامل یا یكی از اعضاء هیأت مدیره مؤسسه اعتباری به عنوان ناظر در مراسم قرعه كشی
الزامی است.
ماده 15- مؤسسه اعتباری موظف است به منظور آگاهی و جلب اعتماد عموم نسبت به صحت جریان قرعه كشی و اعطای جوایز، تبلیغات در رسانه های عمومی و یا سایر روش های تبلیغاتی را شفاف و بدون ابهام انجام دهد.
تبصره – مؤسسه اعتباری باید مقررات و روش های اجرایی امور مربوطه را منتشر و بین كلیه شعب توزیع نماید.
مقررات و روش انجام قرعه کشی موضوع ماده 8 و نیز مفاد ماده 10 این دستورالعمل باید در دفترچه های حساب قرض الحسنه پس انداز درج گردد.
ماده 16- بانك مركزی موظف است موضوع ساماندهی تبلیغات قرض الحسنه در مؤسسات اعتباری را ظرف مدت سه ماه پس از ابلاغ این دستورالعمل تهیه و پس از تائید رئیس كل بانك مركزی به مؤسسات اعتباری ابلاغ نماید.
این دستورالعمل در 16 ماده و 11 تبصره در یكهزار و یكصد و بیست و پنجمین جلسه مورخ 1390.02.27 به تصویب شورای پول و اعتبار رسید. از تاریخ ابلاغ این مصوبه، كلیه مصوبات قبلی این شورا در خصوصا عطای جوایز به سپرده های قرض الحسنه پس انداز، كان لم یكن تلقی می گرددMINI近期接连推出了多款特别版新车，图中所见是最新空运到港、正于荃湾专店首次公开展出的Works Edition，为五门Cooper 5Dr版本（另一辆Cooper S 5Dr据知亦已同步登陆）。
车子机械规格跟原有Cooper版没分别，同样配用1.5公升直三Turbo引擎、7速双离合器半自动波箱和前驱组合。不过车身内外加上大量原厂JCW（John Cooper Works）跑车装备，包括全套车身包围（头尾泵把扰流、尾翼及两侧裙脚）、17寸JCW黑色轮圈。打开车门可见到JCW专用跑车桶椅、JCW跑车軚盘、金属脚踏及JCW金属门槛装饰。车顶改以黑色包装，其馀配套如中控台多功能显示屏连多媒体系统、天幕式玻璃顶等齐备，Cooper版可免费升级后泊镜头及Performance Control循迹装置。
代理指Works Edition有十一种车身颜色供选择，车顶则有白色和黑色两种配搭，买家也可额外选配红色车顶，更添独特气质。
MINI Cooper Works Edition规格
引擎：1,499c.c.直三Turbo
马力：136ps/4,500至6,500rpm
扭力：22.4kgm/1,480至4,100rpm
传动：7速半自动波，前驱
尺码：3,982×1,727×1,425mm
平均耗油：4.8-4.9L/100kmUrsula K. Le Guin'in, Bugünün Politik Tartışmalarını On Yıllar Önce Öngördüğü Kitapları
ursula k. le guin... çalışmaları politik açıdan zamanının çok ötesinde bir bilinci yansıtıyordu ve politik doğruculuk terimi mevcut çağrışımlarını kazanmadan çok önce politik doğrucu metinlerle toplumsal normlara meydan okuyordu. hikâye anlatımı yoluyla karmaşık sorunları ele alma yeteneği, onu ileri görüşlü bir yazar olarak diğerlerinden ayırıyordu. dünyadan göçeli 5 seneden fazla oldu, 50 seneden uzun zaman önce yazdığı bir kitaptaki kolay göze çarpmayan bir detay hâlâ gelecekten bir metin okuduğunuz hissiyatını doğurabiliyor.
karanlığın sol eli adlı romanında, orada yaşayanların isteğe göre cinsiyet değiştirebildiği bir dünyayı araştırıyor. bu onun toplumların toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini oluşturma yollarını ve akışkanlığın geleneksel normlara nasıl meydan okuduğunu incelemesine olanak sağladı. kitap, toplumsal cinsiyet ve cinsellik hakkındaki tartışmaların bugünkü kadar ana akım olmadığı bir dönemde, 1969'da yayımlandı.
mülksüzler adlı eseri, sınıf ve kültüre göre bölünmüş bir toplumu tasvir ederek ırk ve kimlik konularını ele alıyor. ayrıcalık kavramını ve bu kavramın insanların yaşamları üzerindeki etkisini ele alıyor ve dışlanmış olanların mücadelelerine dikkat çekiyor. kitap 1973'te yazılmış, 1974'te yayınlanmıştı.
yerdeniz serisi, özellikle de "en uzak sahil", çevresel denge temasına ve bu dengenin bozulmasının sonuçlarına değiniyor. le guin, modern çevre hareketinin ön plana çıkmasından çok önce çevre bilincini ve insanların doğal dünyayla uyum içinde yaşaması ihtiyacını savunuyordu. serinin ilk kitabı 1968'de, sonucusu ise 2001'de yayımlanmıştı.
dünyaya orman denir isimli sömürgeciliği ve yerli halkların sömürülmesini araştıran bir uzun hikâyede le guin, gerçek dünyadaki siyasi dinamikleri yansıtarak, emperyalist eğilimlerin ve gücün başkalarına hükmetmek için kullanılmasının sonuçlarını eleştiriyor. ilk kez 1972'de yayınlanmıştı.
daha fazla çalışma adı verilerek örnekler çoğaltılabilir
zaten yukarıda bahsettiğim her bir eserde yalnızca dikkat çektiğim konular değil, günümüz aktivizminin bütün belirleyici ögeleri mevcuttu. kitapları hâlâ insanın doğasını, toplumun işleyişini ve farklı düşünce biçimlerini anlamaya yönelik derinlemesine sorgulamayı becerebiliyorlar. günceller, zamansızlar ve geçerliliklerini kolay kolay yitirmeyecek gibiler.Applications and Advantages of a Louver Damper System
In the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) industry, the louver damper is utilized to maximize or to constrict the flow of air while keeping debris from entering the duct work. Louvers are angled slats, and work similar to window blinds when louvers and dampers are combined. They can be adjusted manually, pneumatically, or electronically via a damper actuator.
A louver damper is commonly made of sheet metal, although other materials may be used. Consulting a manufacturer that specializes in precise sheet metal fabrication would be essential for successful operation.
Louvers and dampers are combined to allow air to circulate without allowing water into the system. This combination consists of several blades which minimize backdraft. The blades cover a duct and are mounted horizontal to each other. One of the advantages of using louvers and dampers is protection of the air conditioning and heat unit during periods of extreme weather.
Another advantage of the louver damper is the simple design and low power requirements to run the damper actuator. Also the louvers and dampers design requires only a small amount of installation room outside of the duct. This is known as requiring minimum clearance.
These dampers can be utilized to regulate and modulate air flow, as well as to completely seal an HVAC duct work system. They have multiple applications and they can be fabricated to meet specific needs. There are combination and adjustable louver damper systems also available.
A louver damper that one would need to protect an air conditioning and heating unit in cases of inclement weather is referred to as a penthouse louver and can be applied to an entire roof if required.
The three basic types of louver and damper combinations are the parallel louver system, the opposed louver system, and the double louver system.
The parallel louver system is primarily used where isolation is the main requirement. Opposed louvers are typically utilized to regulate the flow of gases through a duct work system. The double louver system's blades oppose and press against each other to create an air tight seal, and allow for the least amount of leakage of all the dampers. For perspective, a single louver damper seals with about a 92 to 94 percent efficiency, while the double louver damper can provide an air seal with up to 100 percent efficiency. This is a crucial element in controlling air flow to enhance the safety of workers in an industrial setting.
The blade positioning within the damper allows the louver to provide quality air control. Airfoil blades and monocoque blades are two types found in a louver damper. The airfoil blade is used for moderate air cleaning needs and the monocoque blade is ideal for controlling air flow in high air pressure systems. For specialized requirements, custom fabrication is possible.
Depending on the type of louver damper, many functions are possible including preventing debris from entering an HVAC system. A louver damper is a versatile damper that has a variety of applications when air regulation is important while other external factors have to be controlled.Aspartame Is Linked To Leukemia And Lymphoma In New Landmark Study On Humans
As few as one diet soda daily may increase the risk for leukemia in men and women, and for multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in men, according to new results from the longest-ever running study on aspartame as a carcinogen in humans. Importantly, this is the most comprehensive, long-term study ever completed on this topic, so it holds more weight than other past studies which appeared to show no risk. And disturbingly, it may also open the door for further similar findings on other cancers in future studies.
The most thorough study yet on aspartame – Over two million person-years
For this study, researchers prospectively analyzed data from the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study for a 22-year period. A total of 77,218 women and 47,810 men were included in the analysis, for a total of 2,278,396 person-years of data. Apart from sheer size, what makes this study superior to other past studies is the thoroughness with which aspartame intake was assessed. Every two years, participants were given a detailed dietary questionnaire, and their diets were reassessed every four years. Previous studies which found no link to cancer only ever assessed participants’ aspartame intake at one point in time, which could be a major weakness affecting their accuracy.
One diet soda a day increases leukemia, multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas
The combined results of this new study showed that just one 12-fl oz. can (355 ml) of diet soda daily leads to:
– 42 percent higher leukemia risk in men and women (pooled analysis)
– 102 percent higher multiple myeloma risk (in men only)
– 31 percent higher non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk (in men only)
These results were based on multi-variable relative risk models, all in comparison to participants who drank no diet soda. It is unknown why only men drinking higher amounts of diet soda showed increased risk for multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Note that diet soda is the largest dietary source ofaspartame (by far) in the U.S. Every year, Americans consume about 5,250 tons of aspartame in total, of which about 86 percent (4,500 tons) is found in diet sodas.
Confirmation of previous high quality research on animals
This new study shows the importance of the quality of research. Most of the past studies showing no link between aspartame and cancer have been criticized for being too short in duration and too inaccurate in assessing long-term aspartame intake. This new study solves both of those issues. The fact that it also shows a positive link to cancer should come as no surprise, because a previous best-in-class research study done on animals (900 rats over their entire natural lifetimes) showed strikingly similar results back in 2006: aspartame significantly increased
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to, poiché tale tipologia di comportamento sarebbe in antitesi
con la filosofia dell'hacking.
In
verità gli hackers sono mossi da quella che essi stessi definiscono un'eroica
passione antiburocratica ed aspirano ad essere considerati come i paladini dell'informazione
libera e priva di condizionamenti esterni.
Alla
base del loro comportamento sta il principio che i sistemi informatici possono
concretamente contribuire al miglioramento della società, grazie alla
capacità di diffondere le informazioni capillarmente e velocemente. Le
informazioni sono considerate patrimonio dell'umanità, al pari dell'aria,
dell'acqua, delle risorse naturali, e, pertanto, ove vengano imbrigliate, convogliate,
filtrate dai governi al solo fine di ottenere il controllo della collettività,
non per migliorarne le condizioni di vita ma per esercitare su di essa il potere,
devono essere recuperate e diffuse.
I
sistemi protetti da misure di sicurezza, pertanto, vengono violati, non per
bloccarli o danneggiarli, ma per recuperare e diffondere le informazioni riservate
in essi contenute. [ Top ]
Come
già accennato, l'hacking ha regole precise, la cui analisi risulta determinante
per comprendere le ragioni che spingono degli individui, solitamente brillanti
e dinamici, certamente di successo, a compiere azioni classificabili come illecite
dalla maggioranza degli ordinamenti giuridici.
Innanzitutto
appare opportuno evidenziare che l'hacker non necessariamente può essere
individuato, come hanno spesso lasciato intendere i mass-media, in un ragazzino
occhialuto, brufoloso, scarsamente interessante (e in genere disinteressato
egli stesso) per il sesso femminile e, per usare un termine giovanile, "sfigato".
L'unica caratteristica che accomuna gli hacker è l'intelligenza brillante,
dinamica, versatile e capace di liberarsi da ogni condizionamento esterno per
librarsi in volo alla ricerca di nuovi orizzonti, di nuovi stimoli, di nuove
verità, di nuove soluzioni. Senza distinzione di sesso, di razza, di
ceto sociale, di religione, ecc.
Anche
il comportamento adottato nel portare a termine un assalto accomuna gli hacker
e li distingue da qualsiasi altro informatico. Il primo obiettivo è quello
di non danneggiare il sistema, limitandosi ad alterare i soli file che devono
essere modificati al fine di rendere noto l’avvenuto attacco ed escludere la
possibilità di essere identificati.
Il
fine perseguito può essere di varia natura:
- assumere il
controllo della macchina per sferrare attacchi verso altri elaboratori;
- acquisire le
informazioni in esso contenute perché ritenute interessanti;
- confrontarsi
con le misure di sicurezza del sistema;
L'ideologia
rimane, in ogni caso, la ragione fondamentale della pratica dell'hacking, le
cui motivazioni, nonostante la massiccia diffusione in tutto il mondo e la penetrazione
e confusione con culture e convinzioni anche radicalmente diverse, sono rimaste
sostanzialmente invariate col passare degli anni.
Per
i precursori del MIT, i principi sui quali si basava la pratica dell’hacking
erano i seguenti:
[ Top ]
- l'accesso ai
computer dev'essere libero ed illimitato;
- l’esperienza
diretta e la pratica sono più importanti della teoria propinata dagli
altri;
- l'informazione
dev'essere libera;
- bisogna sempre
dubitare dell'autorità e promuovere il decentramento;
- gli hackers
dovranno essere giudicati per il loro operato, e non sulla base di falsi criteri
quali ceto, età, razza o posizione sociale;
- con un computer
si può creare arte e cambiare la vita in meglio.
Nel
1989, ad Amsterdam, si è tenuta la Festa Galattica degli hackers (ITACA
89) in cui è stata adottata una risoluzione (il Manifesto degli hackers)
che, ad una lettura anche superficiale, rende evidente l'assoluta similitudine
coi concetti espressi circa trent'anni prima, con particolare riferimento alla
"libertà di scambio delle informazioni" e alla "necessità
di creare tecnologia alla portata di tutti".
Spesso
gli assalti sono provocati dalla naturale avversione che ogni hacker prova per
le multinazionali dell’informatica, ritenute responsabili dell’alto costo dell’hardware
e del software, che, di fatto, limitano lo sviluppo delle tecnologie dell'informazione
per fini esclusivamente economici.
Ed
in effetti, ad un primo superficiale esame dei bilanci e del comportamento delle
case di software, l'affermazione appare quantomeno fondata. In tal senso non
può non destare sconcerto la notizia, apparsa sul periodico telematico
Punto Informatico nel mese di Marzo 2000, secondo la quale ignoti avrebbero
sottratto e diffuso su Internet la versione alpha di Windows Whistler, il nuovo
sistema operativo di casa Microsoft che dovrebbe sostituire Windows Millenium
Edition, recentemente introdotto in commercio, e determinare la definitiva migrazione
dei sistemi operativi dal codice misto 16/32 bit verso il codice interamente
a 32 bit di Windows 2000.
Il
fatto che un'azienda del calibro di Microsoft stia già sviluppando un
sistema operativo la cui distribuzione è prevista per il 2002 fa ragionevolmente
supporre che tale sia lo stato dell'arte nel settore sviluppo e produzione di
software. E quindi non è illogico presumere che le tappe che caratterizzano
l'evoluzione dei programmi per elaboratori non siano più scandite dal
progresso tecnologico ma dalle politiche commerciali.
Per
questi motivi, in genere, il fine perseguito è quello danneggiare l'immagine
delle aziende, dimostrando l'inaffidabilità delle misure di sicurezza
implementate nei software di base e poste a protezione dei sistemi informatici
e telematici.
Non
si può negare, peraltro, che tale pratica, pur se deprecabile, si sia
effettivamente tradotta in un innegabile vantaggio per gli utenti. Le case di
software, infatti, a causa delle incursioni di hacker e criminali informatici
in genere, sono state costrette a migliorare costantemente nel tempo le misure
di sicurezza, in una continua rincorsa alla risoluzione dei problemi evidenziati
dagli attacchi portati a termine con successo.
Ciò
appare maggiormente interessante se considerato dal punto di vista dell'utente
finale delle tecnologie dell'informazione, che in genere si limita ad utilizzare
hardware e software senza essere in grado di rendersi conto dell'effettiva affidabilità
del proprio sistema informativo e delle misure di sicurezza poste a sua tutela.
Una
situazione di generalizzato allarme contribuisce all'evoluzione delle misure
di sicurezza, rendendo i sistemi sempre più affidabili; viceversa, la
presunta affidabilità del sistema, generata da una situazione tranquilla,
induce i responsabili della sicurezza ad abbassare la guardia e a disinteressarsi
dello sviluppo di nuove implementazioni sul fronte della prevenzione degli assalti.
[ Top ]
Il
continuo debugging ed aggiornamento delle procedure, necessario per fronteggiare
la criminalità informatica, riduce in misura sempre maggiore la possibilità
che un comune informatico sia in grado di penetrare all'interno di un elaboratore
senza autorizzazione e consente, pertanto, di affermare che, seppure la sicurezza
non possa misurarsi in senso assoluto, l'installazione e la manutenzione di
sistemi informatici e telematici relativamente affidabili è possibile,
a condizione che sia dato il giusto rilievo allo sviluppo continuo e all'implementazione
continua delle misure di sicurezza.
In
sostanza, pur essendo trascorsi 2000 anni dal tempo in cui gli antichi romani
dominavano il mondo, permane la validità del concetto - che intende la
sicurezza come il risultato di un continuo contrasto tra due o più parti
- felicemente sintetizzato nella frase "Se vuoi la pace prepara la guerra".
Si
è finora descritta e definita la figura romantica dell'hacker; nel linguaggio
comune, tuttavia, tale termine suscita apprensione e timore, essendo ormai associato,
nell'immaginario collettivo, alla perpetrazione di crimini informatici.
Convinzione
che, come già detto, proprio i mass-media hanno contribuito a diffondere,
confondendo un movimento che affonda le sue radici in quasi cinquant’anni di
storia con le gesta di individui che devono semplicemente essere definiti criminali
e che, al pari degli hacker, sono perfettamente consapevoli delle potenzialità
offerte dallo strumento informatico, quest'ultime difficilmente percettibili,
invece, da chi non ne abbia un buon livello di conoscenza.
La
facilità con cui è possibile portare a termine un'azione delittuosa
per mezzo di un elaboratore è la spinta che porta numerosi soggetti a
delinquere, in una sorta di cammino durante il quale ogni passo avanti è
la logica conseguenza di quanto posto in essere in precedenza.
La
progressiva presa di coscienza delle potenzialità dello strumento induce
lentamente l'individuo a valutare la possibilità di perpetrare il crimine
e restare impunito, fino a raggiungere la convinzione di riuscire a rendersi
irreperibile ovvero di non essere perseguibile.
L'approccio
alla criminalità non è, quindi, un salto improvviso, o un raptus
momentaneo, ma un avvicinamento progressivo attraverso fasi quasi obbligate.
Seppure
un avvicinamento a pratiche illegali attraverso un percorso progressivo non
rappresenti l'unico modello possibile di carriera criminale, tuttavia appare
il più consono a giustificare la trasformazione in criminali di soggetti
incensurati e insospettabili.
Il
motivo di questo cambiamento è spesso strettamente connesso alle funzioni
espletate all’interno dell’azienda e per le quali il soggetto si trova a possedere
un potere inimmaginabile.
Appare
evidente che l’individuo più a rischio è quello che riveste ruoli
rilevanti, che gli permettono, ad esempio, di essere a conoscenza di importanti
segreti industriali o di avere la disponibilità ed il controllo di ingenti
somme di denaro.[ Top ]
Diverso
è invece l'approccio alla materia da parte delle grandi organizzazioni
malavitose. Queste ultime sono particolarmente e fortemente interessate alle
possibilità d'illecito arricchimento connesse all'uso dei sistemi telematici
ed informatici. E' decisamente preoccupante il potenziale lesivo di una criminalità
organizzata di estrazione informatica, tecnicamente in grado di progettare e
dirigere colossali azioni delittuose.
Da
un lato, lo scambio di informazioni e la pianificazione dei reati da perpetrare
sono resi più agevoli dall'adozione di tecniche di crittografia e steganografia,
attraverso le quali rendere le comunicazioni non comprensibili o non intercettabili
da chiunque sia sprovvisto delle relative chiavi di decodifica.
Dall'altro,
la possibilità di danneggiare sistemi, di provocarne il malfunzionamento,
di trasferire velocemente e anonimamente ingenti somme da un continente all'altro,
di reclutare nuovi adepti, ecc., attraverso il semplice utilizzo di un personal
computer collegato da una rete telematica, certamente rende qualsiasi attività
illecita più difficile da individuare e da perseguire da parte delle
forze dell'ordine.
E
questo non solo in riferimento all'utilizzo di Internet. Il complesso sistema
di interconnessioni di varia natura tra tutti gli stati del mondo rende possibile
il collegamento tra due o più sistemi telematici anche senza dover necessariamente
ricorrere alla Rete. Ne sono un esempio le tante reti telematiche amatoriali
che hanno caratterizzato lo scambio di informazioni negli anni ottanta (es.:
Fidonet).
Se
semplici appassionati sono in grado di mettere in piedi una rete telematica
amatoriale con poca spesa, risulta ovvio ed evidente come qualsiasi organizzazione
criminale sia in grado di stabilire una fitta rete di interconnessioni, magari
cifrate, per garantirsi lo scambio sicuro di informazioni riservate.
Accanirsi,
quindi, contro una cultura come quella degli hacker - che rimane tale quand'anche
debba, in alcune sue manifestazioni, intendersi contraria all'ordinamento e
che, ad ogni modo, ha caratterizzato un periodo decisamente importante della
storia del mondo - è un grave errore, quanto mai fuorviante, che potrebbe
far perdere di vista l'obiettivo prioritario delle forze dell'ordine e della
magistratura: la lotta alla criminalità comune e organizzata.[ Top ]
Tanto
premesso, il fenomeno "computer crime" deve essere oggi valutato diversamente
rispetto al passato, e con cognizione di causa, al fine di distinguere le condotte
ritenute penalmente rilevanti, ma sostanzialmente prive di un'effettiva lesività,
dai comportamenti decisamente contrari agli interessi della collettività;
e ciò occorre fare sulla base dei presupposti delle azioni delittuose
e delle finalità perseguite.
Ove
l'interesse dell'individuo permanga ad un livello di conoscenza e studio delle
apparecchiature e del loro funzionamento, quand'anche si pervenga alla violazione
di norme imperative, occorrerebbe tener presente che il fine didattico è
considerato una scriminante in molti altri casi dall'ordinamento giuridico.
Viceversa, la sussistenza di un danno economico o sociale dovrebbe essere valutato
negativamente, e quindi perseguito penalmente. Ma anche in tal caso occorrerebbe
distinguere il danno patrimoniale, risarcibile civilmente e quindi non sempre
perseguibile penalmente, dal danno sociale, vera ratio dell'azione penale.
Qualora
non sussista un danno rilevante e concreto per gli interessi della collettività,
tale da minarne il fondamento ove non perseguito, non è ammissibile il
ricorso all'azione penale, perché si violerebbe il principio secondo
il quale essa è l'extrema ratio cui fa ricorso l'ordinamento nell'impossibilità
di condizionare diversamente gli eventi in presenza di un rischio o di un danno
rilevante per la collettività.
Gli
hackers propriamente individuati, pertanto, non possono e non devono essere
perseguiti penalmente, almeno fino a quando il loro operato non sia lesivo degli
altrui diritti in modo rilevante ed evidente. In quest'ultimo caso, tuttavia,
il termine "hacker" lascerebbe il posto al più calzante sostantivo "criminale"
o "delinquente", venendo a mancare i presupposti che fanno del termine
hacker un appellativo di cui andar fieri.
*****
Concludendo,
appare di tutta evidenza come faccia comodo considerare anche gli hacker dei
criminali informatici e "fare di tutt’erba un fascio" al fine di "mettere
tutti al muro" e non assumersi la responsabilità di operare i necessari
"distinguo".
Ma
chi gode di una mentalità sufficientemente aperta per riuscire a distinguere
il genio e la sregolatezza dalla malvagità non può che considerare
gli hacker "eroi della rivoluzione informatica" e criminali tutti
gli altri, poichè senza gli hackers, oggi noi non potremmo godere di
alcun beneficio della tecnologia informatica e i computer sarebbero ancora confinati
nei palazzi del potere, riservati a pochi eletti.
[ Top ]Topluma hizmet uygulamaları adı altında bir dersimiz var.Doğa bilincini geliştirmeye yönelik proje uygulaması yapacağız. Bilgilendirici yazıyı da broşür şeklinde hazırlayarak velilere ve çevreye dağıtacağız.Ben de giysilerin israfını ele aldım.Giysi toplama kampanyası yapacağız.Daha sonra bu giysileri bir dernek, kuruluş vb. yere vereceğiz. Benim de giysilerin israfı hakkında bilgilendirici yazıya ihtiyacım var.Yardımcı olur musunuz arkadaşlar?جیب های خالی و گیشه های گران
اخیرا شورای صنفی نمایش اعلام کرد که سینماهای کشور در سال ۹۶ می توانند قیمت بلیت های خود را بین ۱۰ تا ۲۰ هزار تومان تعیین کنند. این تصمیم باعث می شود که بسیاری از پردیس های سینمایی خود را برای افزایش قیمت ۲۰ هزار تومانی بلیت سینما آماده کنند. منطق تصمیم این افزایش قیمت از سوی شورای صنفی این طور توجیه می شود که پخش کننده و سینمادار برای فیلمی که اکران می شود، دقت لازم را به خرج دهند تا بر اساس شرایط جغرافیایی منطقه و نیازسنجی مخاطب قیمت بلیت را افزایش دهند. اگر این افزایش قیمت، سال آینده در پردیس های سینمایی عملی شود، امکان دارد عده ای از مردم طبقه متوسط نتوانند از امکانات سینماهای درجه یک برخوردار شوند. بعضی از کارشناسان معتقدند این افزایش قیمت به رونق سینماهای تک سالنه کمک می کند و برخی دیگر نیز معتقدند به طور طبیعی ممکن است تعداد افراد سینمارو کمتر شود، همچنین زمانی این افزایش قیمتمی تواند قابل توجیه باشد که کیفیت فیلم ها به موازات قیمت بلیت ارتقا پیدا کند. در گزارش پیش رو، درباره افزایش قیمت بلیت سینماها با سینماداران و کارگردانان صحبت کردیم تا بدانیم این افزایش قیمت بلیت در شرایط فعلی اقتصادی مردم می تواند قابل توجیه باشد یا خیر؟
رضا سعیدی پور:
طرح افزایش قیمت به نفع مردم و سینماداران است
رضا سعیدی پور مدیر سینما آزادی نیز به این اشاره کرد که از این خبر که قرار است قیمت بلیت سینماها در شورای صنفی افزایش پیدا کند، مطلع است اما هنوز چیزی مکتوب یا ابلاغ نشده. او در پاسخ به این پرسش که آیا مردم توانایی پرداخت این هزینه را دارند یا نه، به بانی فیلم گفت: به طور طبیعی مشخص است که هم در توان مردم هست و هم به اقتصاد سینما کمک می کند، اما باید مدیریت شود. اگر بخواهیم تمام سینماها را به یک چشم ببینیم و بگوییم قیمت بلیت باید در تمام سینماها به یک اندازه بالا برود، منظور این طرح را برآورده نمی کند. در این طرح افزایش بلیت مکان جغرافی
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aiutare ad affrontare la vita con una spinta in più, si è dimostrato…
Assistenza gratuita e link a ritroso
Richiedi assistenza gratuita o ulteriori informazioni su fondo patrimoniale - opponibilità efficacia e revocazione. Clicca qui.
Stai leggendo Fondo patrimoniale - opponibilità efficacia e revocazione • Autore Antonella PedoneFrom Munich to Dachau
Searching for lost stories
Both the city of Munich and the Dachau concentration camp were of special significance for the Nazis. At the Munich Documentation Center and at the Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site we will find out more about former prisoners.
It was in Munich that the rise of the Nazi movement began after World War I that was eventually to culminate in the establishment of a dictatorship. The Dachau concentration camp built in 1933 became the model for all later concentration camps. We will spend two days looking at the history of the two places and how they were connected. We will visit the Munich city center and the site of the former concentration camp in Dachau. We will learn about the persecution of political opponents of the Nazi regime and find out more about former prisoners.
Munich Documentation Center and Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site
Adults, young people, students, multipliers, teachers and school students from 11th grade upwards
Number of participants
Max. 15 people (larger groups will be divided)
360 euros per group including entrance fees. Free of charge for school classes, students, and multipliers.
In cooperation with the Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site.- Open Access
Psychology, replication & beyond
BMC Psychology volume 4, Article number: 30 (2016)
Modern psychology is apparently in crisis and the prevailing view is that this partly reflects an inability to replicate past findings. If a crisis does exists, then it is some kind of ‘chronic’ crisis, as psychologists have been censuring themselves over replicability for decades. While the debate in psychology is not new, the lack of progress across the decades is disappointing. Recently though, we have seen a veritable surfeit of debate alongside multiple orchestrated and well-publicised replication initiatives. The spotlight is being shone on certain areas and although not everyone agrees on how we should interpret the outcomes, the debate is happening and impassioned. The issue of reproducibility occupies a central place in our whig history of psychology.
In the parlance of Karl Popper, the notion of falsification is seductive – some seem to imagine that it identifies an act as opposed to a process. It often carries the misleading implication that hypotheses can be readily discarded in the face of something called a ‘failed’ replication. Popper was quite transparent when he declared “…a few stray basic statements contradicting a theory will hardly induce us to reject it as falsified. We shall take it as falsified only if we discover a reproducible effect which refutes the theory. In other words, we only accept the falsification if a low level empirical hypothesis which describes such an effect is proposed and corroborated.” (p.203: my italics). Popper’s view might reassure those whose psychological models have recently come under scrutiny through replication initiatives. We cannot, nor should we, close the door on a hypothesis because a study fails to be replicated. The hypothesis is not nullified and ‘nay-saying’ alone is an insufficient response from scientists. Like Popper, we might expect a testable alternative hypothesis that attempts to account for the discrepancy across studies; and one that itself may be subject to testing rather than merely being ad hoc. In other words, a ‘failed’ replication is not, in itself, the answer to a question, but a further question.
Replication, replication, replication
At least two key types of replication exist: direct and conceptual. Conceptual replication generally refers to cases where researchers ‘tweak’ the methods of previous studies and when successful, may be informative with regard to the boundaries and possible moderators of an effect. When a conceptual replication fails, however, fewer clear implications exist for the original study because of likely differences in procedure or stimuli and so on. For this reason, we have seen an increased weight given to direct replications.
How often do direct and conceptual replications occur in psychology? Screening 100 of the most-cited psychology journals since 1900, Makel, Plucker & Hegarty found that approximately 1.6 % of all psychology articles used the term replication in the text. A further more detailed analysis of 500 randomly selected articles revealed that only 68 % using the term replication were actual replications. They calculated an overall replication rate of 1.07 % and Makel et al. found that only 18 % of those were direct rather than conceptual replications.
The lack of replication in psychology is systemic and widespread, and particularly the bias against publishing direct replications. In their survey of social science journal editors, Neuliep & Crandall found almost three quarters preferred to publish novel findings rather than replications. In a parallel survey of reviewers for social science journals, Neuliep & Crandall found over half (54 %) stated a preference for new findings over replications. Indeed, reviewers stated that replications were “Not newsworthy” or even a “Waste of space”. By contrast, comments from natural science journal editors present a more varied picture, with comments ranging from “Replication without some novelty is not accepted” to “Replication is rarely an issue for us…since we publish them.” .
Despite an enduring historical abandonment of replication, the tide appears to be turning. Makel et al. found that the replication rate after the year 2000 was 1.84 times higher than for the period between 1950 and 1999. In a more recent evolution, several large-scale direct replication projects have emerged during the past 2 years including: the Many Labs project ; a set of preregistered replications published in a special issue of Social Psychology (Edited by ); the Reproducibility Project of the Open Science Collaboration ; and the Pipeline Project by Schweinsberg et al. . In two of these projects (Many Labs by ; Pipeline Project by ), a group of researchers replicated samples of studies, with each group replicating all studies. In the two remaining projects, a number of research groups each replicated one study, selected from a sample of studies (Registered Reports by ; Open Science Collaboration, ). Each project ensured that replications were sufficiently powered (typically in excess of 90 % -thus offering a very good probability of detecting true effects) and where possible, used the original materials and stimuli as provided by the original authors. It is worth considering each in more detail.
Many Labs involved 36 research groups across 12 countries who replicated 13 psychological studies in over 6,000 participants. Studies of classic and newer effects were selected partly because they had simple designs that could be adapted for online administration. Reassuringly perhaps, 10 of the 13 effects replicated consistently across 36 different samples with, of course, some variability in the effect size reported compared to the original studies – some smaller but also some larger. One effect received weak support. Only two studies consistently failed to replicate and both involved what are described as ‘social priming’ phenomena. One study where ‘accidental’ exposure to a US flag resulted in increased conservatism amongst Americans . Participants viewed four photos and were asked to just estimate the time-of-day in the photo – the US flag appeared in two photos. Following this, they completed an 8-item questionnaire assessing their views toward various political issues (e.g., abortion, gun control). In the second priming study, exposure to ‘money’ had resulted in endorsement of the current social system . In this study, participants completed demographic questions against a background that showed a faint picture of US $100 bills or the same background but blurred. Each of these two priming experiments had a single significant p-value (out of 36 replications) and for flag priming, it was in the opposite direction to that expected.
Turning to the special issue of Social Psychology edited by Nosek & Lakens . This contained a series of articles replicating important results in social psychology. Important was broadly defined as “…often cited, a topic of intense scholarly or public interest, a challenge to established theories), but should also have uncertain truth value (e.g., few confirmations, imprecise estimates of effect sizes).” One might euphemistically describe the studies as curios. The articles were first submitted as Registered Reports and reviewed prior to data collection, with authors being assured their findings would be published regardless of outcome, as long as they adhered to the registered protocol. Attempted replications included the “Romeo and Juliet effect” – does parental interference lead to increases in love and commitment (Original: ; Replication: Sinclair, Hood, & Wright, ), does experiencing physical warmth (warm therapeutic packs) increase judgments of interpersonal warmth (Original: ; Replication: Lynott, Corker, Wortman, Connell, Donnellan, Lucas, & O’Brien, ), does recalling unethical behavior lead participants to see the room as darker (Original: ; Replication: ); does physical cleanliness reduce the severity of moral judgments (original : : ). In contrast to high replication rate of Many Labs, the Registered Reports replications failed to confirm the results in 10 of 13 studies.
In the largest crowdsourced effort to date, the OSC Reproducibility project involved 270 collaborators attempting to replicate 100 findings from 3 major psychology journals Psychological Science (PSCI), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JPSP), and Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition (JEP: LMC). While 97 of 100 studies originally reported statistically significant results, only 36 % of the replications did so with a mean effect size of around half of that reported in the original studies.
All of the journals exhibited a large reduction of around 50 % in effect sizes, with replications from JPSP particularly affected - shrinking by 75 % from 0.29 to 0.07. The replicability in one domain of psychology (good or poor) in no way guarantees what will happen in another domain. One thing we know from this project, is that “…reproducibility was stronger in studies and journals representing cognitive psychology than social psychology topics. For example, combining across journals, 14 of 55 (25 %) of social psychology effects replicated by the P < 0.05 criterion, whereas 21 of 42 (50 %) of cognitive psychology effects did so.” The reasons for such a difference are debatable, but provide no licence to either congratulate cognitive psychologists or berate social psychologists. Indeed, the authors paint a considered and faithful picture of what their findings mean when they conclude “…how many of the effects have we established are true? Zero. And how many of the effects have we established are false? Zero. Is this a limitation of the project design? No. It is the reality of doing science”. (Open Science Collaboration p.4716-7)
The studies that were not selected for replication are informative – they were described as “…deemed infeasible to replicate because of time, resources, instrumentation, dependence on historical events, or hard-to-access samples… [and some] required specialized samples (such as macaques or people with autism), resources (such as eye tracking machines or functional magnetic resonance imaging), or knowledge making them difficult to match with teams”. Thus, the main drivers of replication are often economic in terms of time, money and human investment. High cost studies are likely to remain castles in the air, leaving us with little insight about replicability rates in some areas such as functional imaging (e.g. ), clinical and health psychology (see Coyne, this issue), and neuropsychology.
The ‘Pipeline project’ by Schweinsberg et al. intentionally used a non-adversarial approach. They crowdsourced 25 research teams across various countries to replicate a series of 10 unpublished moral-judgment experiments from the lead author’s (Uhlmann) lab i.e., in the pipeline. This speaks directly to Lykken’s proposal from nearly 50 years ago that “…ideally all experiments would be replicated before publication” although at that time, he deemed it ‘impractical’.
Pipeline replications included: the Bigot–misanthrope effect – whether participants judge a manager who selectively mistreats racial minorities as a more blameworthy person than a manager who mistreats all of his employees; Bad tipper effect - are people who leave a full tip, but entirely in pennies judged more negatively than someone who leaves less money, but in notes; the Burn-in-hell effect – do people perceive corporate executives as more likely to burn in hell than members of social categories defined by antisocial behaviour, such as vandals. Six of ten findings replicated across all of their replication criteria, one further finding replicated but with a significantly smaller effect size than the original, one finding replicated consistently in the original culture but not outside of it (bad tipper replicated in US and not outside), and two findings effects were unsupported.
The headline replication rates differed considerably across projects – occurring more frequently for Many Labs (77 %) and the Pipeline Project (60 %) than Registered Reports (30 %) and the Open Science Collaboration (36 %). Why are replication rates lower in the latter two projects? Possible explanations include the choice of likely versus unlikely replication candidates. Amongst the Many Labs studies, some had already previously been replicated and were selected knowing this fact. By contrast, the studies in the Pipeline project had not been previously replicated (indeed, not even previously published). Also important from a different perspective is whether each study was replicated only once by one group or multiple times by many groups.
In the Many Labs and Pipeline projects, 36 and 25 separate research groups were replicating each of 13 and 10 studies respectively. Multiple analyses lend themselves to meta-analytic techniques and analysis of the heterogeneity across research groups examining the same effect – the extent to which they accord in their effect sizes or not. The Many Labs project reported I2 values, which estimate the proportion of variation due to heterogeneity rather than chance. In the majority of cases, heterogeneity was small to moderate or even non-existent (e.g. across the 36 replications for both of the social priming studies: flag and money). Indeed, heterogeneity of effect sizes was greater between studies than within studies. When heterogeneity was greater, it was - perhaps surprisingly - where mean effect sizes were largest. Nonetheless, Many Labs reassuringly shows that some effects are highly replicable across research groups, countries, presentational differences (online versus face to face).
Counter-intuitive and even fanciful psychological hypotheses are not necessarily more likely to be false, but believing them to be so may influence researchers– even implicitly – in terms of how replications are conducted. In their extensive literature search, Makel et al. reported that most direct replications are conducted by authors who proposed the original findings. This raises the thorny question of who should replicate? Almost 50 years ago Bakan sagely warned that “If an investigator attempts to replicate his own investigation at another time, he will inevitably be under the influence of what he has already done…He should challenge, for example, his personal identification with the results he has already obtained, and prepare himself for finding both novelty and contradiction with respect to his earlier investigation” and that “…If one investigator is interested in replicating the investigation of another investigator, he should carefully take into account the possibility of suggestion, or his willingness to accept the results of the earlier investigator. …He should take careful cognizance of possible motivation for showing the earlier investigator to be in error, etc. [p. 110].” The irony is that as psychologists, we should be acutely aware of such biases - we cannot ignore the psychology of replication in the replication of psychology.
What are we replicating and why?
The cheap and easy
Few areas of psychology have fallen under the replication lens and where they have, they are psychology’s equivalent to take-away meals – easy to prepare studies (e.g. often using online links to questionnaires). Hence, the focus has tended to be on studies from social and cognitive psychology, and not for example developmental or clinical studies, which are more prohibitive. Other notable examples exist such as cognitive neuropsychology, where the single case study has been predominant for decades – how can anyone recreate the brain injury and subsequent cognitive testing in a second patient?
We cannot assert that the totality– or even a representative sample - of psychology has been scrutinised for replication. We can also see why some may feel targeted– replication does not (and probably cannot) occur in a random fashion. The vast majority of psychological studies are overlooked. To date, psychologists have targeted the unexpected, the curious, and newsworthy findings; and largely within a narrow range of areas (cognitive and social primarily). As psychologists, the need to sample more widely ought to go without saying; and one corollary of this, is that it makes no sense to claim that psychology is in crisis.
Too often perhaps, psychologists have been attracted to replicating contentious topics such as social priming, ego-depletion, psychic ability and so on. Some high impact journals have become repositories for the attention-grabbing, strange, unexpected and unbelievable findings. This goes to the systemic heart of the matter. Hartshorne & Schachner amongst many others have noted “…replicability is not systematically considered in measuring paper, researcher, and journal quality. As a result, the current incentive structure rewards the publication of non-replicable findings…” (p.3 my italics). This is nothing new in science, as the quest for scientific prestige has historically resulted in a conflict between the goals of science and the personal goals of the scientist (see ).
“If there is no ESP, then we want to be able to carry out null experiments and get no effect, otherwise we cannot put much belief in work on small effects in non-ESP situations. If there is ESP, that is exciting. However, thus far it does not look as if it will replace the telephone” (Mosteller , p 396)
From the opposite perspective, Jim Coyne (this issue) maintains that psychology would benefit from some “…provision for screening out candidates for replication for which a consensus could be reached that the research hypotheses were improbable and not warranting the effort and resources required for a replication to establish this.” The frustration of some psychologists is palpable as they peruse apparently improbable hypotheses. Coyne’s concern echoes that of Edwards who half a century ago similarly remarked, “If a hypothesis is preposterous to start with, no amount of bias against it can be too great. On the other hand, if it is preposterous to start with, why test it?” Edwards (p 402). How preposterous can we get? According to Simmons et al. , it is “…unacceptably easy to publish “statistically significant” evidence consistent with any hypothesis. (p. 1359). Indeed, they managed to show by manipulating what they describe as researcher degrees of freedom (e.g. ‘data-peeking’, deciding when to stop testing participants, whether to exclude outlying data points), that people appear to forget their age and claim to be 1.5 years younger after listening to the Beatles song “When I’m 64”.
The fact that seemingly incredible findings can be published raises disquiet about the methods normally employed by psychologists and in some circles, this has inflated to concerns about psychology more generally.
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76. Loftus EV Jr, Achenbach SJ, Sandborn WJ, et al.. Risk of fracture in ulcerative colitis: a population-based study from Olmsted County, Minnesota. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003;1:465–473.
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78. Thia KT, Sandborn WJ, Harmsen WS, et al.. Risk factors associated with progression to intestinal complications of Crohn’s disease in a population-based cohort. Gastroenterology. 2010;139:1147–1155.
79. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Harmsen WS, Tremaine WJ, et al.. Surgery in a population-based cohort of Crohn’s disease from Olmsted County, Minnesota (1970-2004). Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:1693–1701.
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根大通在Decentraland开设了一个虚拟休息室，综合性金融服务公司IMA Financial计划在Decentraland销售保险。瑞典的Mecro银行已经宣布，正在研究在元宇宙中提供银行体验。
从财务角度来看，数据存储的成本在过去几十年里不断降低，尤其是去中心化存储。目前，全球存储的数据超过80 ZB，这相当于大约2.4万亿部4K电影或4.8万亿个电子游戏。如果假设亚马逊可以存储所有这些数据，并每月收取0.0125美元/ GB的费用。这意味着亚马逊每月仅通过存储这些数据就可能赚取1000亿美元。这些数据归个人、公司和机构所有。存储业务为大型科技公司所有，是它们收入的主要来源，尤其是亚马逊(AWS收入占其总收入的14.5%)。去中心化存储将继续压低大型科技公司的利润率，并允许世界各地的人们通过诸如Slik Photos这样的解决方案，重新获得对自己数据的控制权。
随着加密货币采用的增加，越来越多的国家正在引入针对这一领域的法规。一方面，阿联酋等国家正寻求通过创建虚拟资产特区(包括数字资产、产品、运营商和交易所)来吸引加密货币企业。2021年9月，阿联酋证券和商品管理局(UAE Securities and Commodities Authority)和迪拜世界贸易中心管理局(DWTCA)签署了一项框架协议，允许DWTCA就加密资产相关金融活动进行许可和授权。2021年10月，迪拜另一个自由贸易区DIFC发布了数字代币监管框架的第一部分，非公民和非居民可以在DIFC轻松成立独资公司，并获得签证和贸易许可证。迪拜是许多加密公司的总部，交易所BitOasis和DWTCA最近与币安签署了一份合作备忘录，以帮助建立他们的监管框架。
市场上目前已经有加密期货ETF，2022年可能还会引入加密现货ETF。美国证券交易委员会（SEC）正研究在纽交所子公司Arca交易所推出加密现货ETF。嘉信理财(Charles Schwab)和灰度（Grayscale Investments）等主要投资者也在讨论在2022年推出加密货币ETF。
您应该在玩的最佳Tron（TRX）赌场
当我们查看您应该玩的最好的Tron（TRX）赌场时，我们首先需要检查如何开始使用此硬币。 您需要随时准备好Tron钱包，以便在购买TRX后就可以存储它。 您可以在大多数主要交易所和市场上找到TRX，例如 Binance or Kraken .
今天就开始在这些顶级Tron赌场玩 如何選擇 2022 年最佳加密博彩平台？
您应该玩的最好的Tron赌场有一个共同点–即刻和安全的存款和取款。 在线赌博从来没有像使用加密货币那样方便，并且提高的安全性和问责制是一大优势。 今天就开始在这些赌场玩，感受不同。Here are some of the more interesting facts about gold that we learned from this infographic:
- All the gold in the entire world could fit inside about 3 Olympic sized swimming pools. And unlike paper, it can’t just keep getting printed.
- There are about 5 gold rings worth of gold per person on the earth (~7 billion people = ~35 billion gold rings)
- The vast majority of gold is used as jewelry (as opposed to investments)
- India consumes more than six times as much gold as the US
- China consumes more than three times as much gold as the US
- The US national debt is more than the value of all the gold in the world
From: Number Sleuth电影镜头
电影镜头，摄影机的镜头，是由一系列玻璃或透明物质所组成。其任务在于把各种射向镜头的光线，聚集于焦点平面（Focus Plane），使得影片感光。而决定感光程度和效果的，即为快门与光圈。通常摄影机的快门速度固定为五十分之一秒，胶片以每秒二十四格，被机械地带动着通过片门感光。在片门前方，有一个叶子板金属片转动着。每当一格胶片曝光后，叶子板适时遮住片门，俾让下一格胶片抵达正确之曝光位置。镜头依其焦距（指镜面至胶片之距雏）可区分为广角、标准、望远三类。广角镜头的焦距短，使得观点角度（Angle of View）广阔，景深（Depth of Field）长远，适于在狭窄的场所拍出所需的环境范围，但它易于扭曲物体的线条和深度。标准镜头所摄之影像，最符合肉眼所见的外形，故也是最常用的普通镜头。望远镜头又称长焦距镜头，它的作用是可放大位于远处之物体，其观点角度狭窄，景深短促，并将前、后景压缩于同一平面，丧失了远近之立体深度感。根据各类镜头之特性，和控制光线通过镜头之因素（光圈与快门），摄影者便可预测曝光以后之效果，而达成美学上之目的。原引国际君友会王爱君文集《电影镜头》。Some articles on red dwarf systems, dwarf systems, red dwarfs, system, systems, red dwarf:
... See also Habitability of red dwarf systems Red dwarf systems orbit red dwarfs, stars which may represent 70% to more than 90% of the stars in the galaxy ... The Gliese 876 was the first such system discovered in 1998 ... Most planets of these systems are thought to be tidally locked ...
... Determining the habitability of red dwarf systems could help reveal the likelihood of extraterrestrial life, as red dwarfs make up most stars in the Milky Way Galaxy ... high stellar variation are postulated impediments to habitability, the ubiquity and longevity of red dwarfs are possible positive factors ... As of 2012, many factors appear to indicate that many red dwarfs, smaller than 30% of Sun's mass, have a very low probability for hosting indigenous life ...
... There is, however, one major advantage that red dwarfs have over other stars as abodes for life they live a long time ... Red dwarfs, by contrast, could live for trillions of years because their nuclear reactions are far slower than those of larger stars, meaning that life would have longer to evolve and survive ... in the habitable zone around any specific red dwarf are slim, the total amount of habitable zone around all red dwarfs combined is equal to the total amount around Sun-like stars given their ...
Famous quotes containing the words systems, red and/or dwarf:
“We have done scant justice to the reasonableness of cannibalism. There are in fact so many and such excellent motives possible to it that mankind has never been able to fit all of them into one universal scheme, and has accordingly contrived various diverse and contradictory systems the better to display its virtues.”
—Ruth Benedict (18871948)
“For which he wex a litel red for shame,
Whan he the peple upon him herde cryen,
That to beholde it was a noble game,
How sobreliche he caste doun his yen.
Criseyda gan al his chere aspyen,
And let so softe it in her herte sinke
That to herself she seyde, Who yaf me drinke?”
—Geoffrey Chaucer (13401400)
“A dwarf who brings a standard along with him to measure his own sizetake my word, is a dwarf in more articles than one.”
—Laurence Sterne (17131768)Estimated reading time: 5 minute(s)
The importance of pregnancy test for cattle is the key to profitability for all breeds. It is the best instrument to reach a high reproductive efficiency.
Pregnancy testing allows to monitor reproductive efficiency and to detect problems at an early stage.
How to do it?
Rectal palpation is the cheapest and most efficient method for pregnancy testing cattle. Using this method it is possible to identify pregnant cows as early as six weeks after conception. This method allows to feel the calf in the uterus, as well as its shape, and the pulse of the artery supplying blood to it. Rectal palpation is usually done 8-10 weeks after mating or artificial insemination. Cows need to be restrained and the palpation should be performed by a veterinarian or by an experienced veterinary technician.
Ultrasound can detect pregnancy earlier than palpation, sometimes as early as 13 days after mating (but more commonly after 21 days), but is more expensive and requires equipment and electricity. It can provide more information than palpation, such as viability of the fetus, incidence of twins, and sex of the fetus (already since 60-90 days of gestation).
Blood test: several tests using progesterone measurements in blood and milk have been developed to confirm pregnancy. The main one is called BioPRYN (Pregnant Ruminant Yes/No) for cattle and other ruminants that became commercially available in 2002. There are now many laboratories worldwide performing pregnancy tests on blood samples.
Dr. Steve Hendrick of Coaldale said “Blood testing has a place, particularly for herds that are remote and far from a veterinary service”.
The disadvantage of the blood test is that the farmer must wait two or three days for the results. This is a problem if you need to make sudden decisions on which cows to keep or cull.
What are the benefits of pregnancy test?
More cash in your pocket
The first benefit as said by Les Anderson, University of Kentucky Extension beef specialist, is: “compare the roughly $5/head cost of a pregnancy exam with the $100-200/head cost of hay alone to feed an open cow through the winter, and pregnancy testing quickly pays for itself”.
Pregnancy testing allows you to accurately identify not only pregnant cows but also unproductive females that can be culled from the herd. An empty cow means no income or cash flow.
Tight calving interval
In many cases, your veterinarian can give you an approximate foetal age and likely calving date following rectal palpation. Overall, this will help general herd management and can improve control of your calving success.
A major advantage you have by pregnancy testing your herd is to promptly identify any potential reproductive diseases. Early detection of reproductive diseases and their management can save from huge losses.OTOMOBİLCİ kelimesi ilk harfi O ve son harfi İ olan bir kelimedir. Başında o sonunda i olan kelimenin birinci baş harfi o , ikinci harfi t , üçüncü harfi o , dördüncü harfi m , beşinci harfi o , altıncı harfi b , yedinci harfi i , sekizinci harfi l , dokuzuncu harfi c , onuncu harfi i şeklindedir. Başı o sonu i olan 10 harfli kelime olarak da yazılır.
Otomobil alıp satan kimse.
OTOMOBİLCİ ile ilgili daha ayrıntılı bilgi edinmek için nedir.ileilgili.org kaynağını kullanabilirsiniz.
Dilerseniz bunları da incelemek isteyebilirsiniz...
Kaynak: Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK) Büyük Türkçe SözlükI use a book called Very Easy True Stories for help with this one. In this book there are some very easy stories which are suitable for all ages Kids and Adults. The book has the stories broken into tiles with a sentence underneath and the book also has a real photo and the story unbroken so you can show the students what the story is about.
What I do is I photocopy the story tiles, erase the numbers and cut the tiles out ensuring the sentence that is below the tile is kept. I then stick them into envvelopes for the activity later. Usually 5 sets of these tiles is plenty.
Next, I read the story to the students once and I show the photo that comes with the story, ensuring that I read the unbroken story not the tiled story (to easy to pause at end of each tile).
Their task is to listen and then reassemble the story from the tiles. Once all students are finished I get them to read the story back to me and to the other students with the one rule "Nobody change your stories" also saying that this story could be wrong and your story could be correct, so changing would make your story wrong.
At the end I reread the story (tiled version) and they can see where they went wrong with their reconstruction.
The students work in pairs, threes or advanced students in singles. Another modification is to do the reconstruction of the story without hearing the story the first so its all guess work.
Works very well and in you are technically checking out their listening, speaking and cognitive skills. All ages seem to enjoy this from kids to professional adults.
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Dave's ESL Cafe Copyright © 2008 Dave Sperling. All Rights Reserved.匈牙利总理维克多·奥尔班今天（21 月 200,000 日）告诉国家电台，匈牙利将从 644 月起将护士的工资提高 8%，并计划将每月最低工资提高到 XNUMX 福林（XNUMX 美元）， 路透社, Krisztina Than 写道。
明年将面临选举的奥尔班表示，关于提高最低工资的谈判仍在进行中。 他补充说，如果企业准备提高最低工资，政府将减税。
他还表示，10 年教师的工资将上涨 2022%。
在预计将是一场紧张的选举之前，欧尔班向选民提供的救济措施包括为家庭提供 2 亿美元的所得税退税、对年轻工人的所得税减免、房屋装修补助金和额外的养老金支付。 阅读更多。
($1=310.41 福林)
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随着新冠肺炎病例激增，匈牙利医生警告称“圣诞节可悲”
匈牙利在周三（10,265 月 19 日）报告了 17 例新的 COVID-XNUMX 感染，这是自 XNUMX 月底以来的最高每日记录，促使该国的医疗室呼吁禁止群众活动和在封闭空间强制戴口罩， 写 克里斯蒂娜·比 和安妮塔·科穆维斯。
匈牙利医学会在一份声明中还表示，进入餐馆、剧院和电影院应以 COVID-19 免疫证书为条件。
他们说：“我们必须减缓患者数量的增加，医院（有 COVID-19 患者）或许多家庭将度过一个非常悲伤的圣诞节。”
“除了疫苗接种运动放缓之外，我们还没有看到任何预防措施（以遏制大流行）。”
在一个几乎没有任何限制且疫苗接种率低于欧盟平均水平的国家，每日统计数字接近第三波大流行期间达到的 11,265 人的峰值。
新一波感染席卷中欧，邻国罗马尼亚等一些国家的医院难以应对。 罗马尼亚、捷克共和国、斯洛伐克和波兰都收紧了戴口罩规定，并采取了遏制感染的措施。
在匈牙利，面临 2022 年初势均力敌的选举的总理维克多·奥尔班 (Viktor Orban) 政府敦促人们接种疫苗，并宣布在国家机构强制接种疫苗。 它还授权私营公司强制员工接种疫苗。
但它没有强制要求在封闭空间内戴口罩——除了在公共交通工具和医院里——并且没有其他限制。
周二，政府表示正在监测病例，“如有必要将采取进一步措施”。
政府没有回复通过电子邮件发送的路透社问题。
匈牙利是一个拥有 10 万人口的国家，自大流行开始以来，已有 32,514 人死于 COVID-19，但只有 5.78 万人接种了疫苗。 超过 1.66 万人接受了加强注射。
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匈牙利的奥尔班在捷克竞选活动中支持总理巴比斯
匈牙利总理维克多·奥尔班于周三（29 月 XNUMX 日）支持捷克总理安德烈·巴比斯 (Andrej Babis) 的连任竞选，显示了两人之间的密切关系 在与欧盟的争端中相互支持的中欧领导人， 写 罗伯特·穆勒 和扬·洛帕特卡。
捷克共和国于 8 月 9 日至 XNUMX 日举行议会选举。 民意调查显示，巴比斯的中间派 ANO 党领先于竞争对手，但一些显示他未能组建多数政府的合作伙伴，该政府可能会将权力移交给主要反对派中左翼和中右翼团体之间的联盟。
在竞选过程中，在欧尔班的陪同下，巴比斯强调了他和匈牙利领导人如何阻止欧盟委员会在欧洲 2015 年移民危机之后根据配额制度在整个集团内分配寻求庇护者的计划。
“我们在欧盟共同推动我们的国家利益”，巴比斯在北部城镇 Usti nad Laben 举行的联合新闻发布会上介绍了奥尔班后说，捷克领导人在那里领导了 ANO 党的门票。
奥尔班还赞扬了他们国家的密切合作以及捷克共和国的经济成功。
“我们匈牙利人准备与安德烈·巴比斯政府保持密切、友好、清醒的合作，”奥尔班说，他的右翼 Fidesz 政党自 2010 年以来一直统治匈牙利，经常与布鲁塞尔就移民和媒体、司法、司法改革等问题发生冲突。学术机构和非政府组织。
本周早些时候，捷克政府同意派遣 50 名警察帮助守卫匈牙利与塞尔维亚的边界，巴比斯上周也访问了该边界。
盟国
尽管欧盟对匈牙利的法治感到担忧，但身为亿万富翁的商人巴比斯在过去几年中对中欧维谢格拉德集团内部的合作，尤其是与欧尔班的合作越来越积极。
捷克共和国今年没有与大多数欧盟国家一起签署一封信，抗议匈牙利立法禁止在学校使用被视为促进同性恋和性别重新分配的材料。
争夺捷克选举的两个主要反对派联盟之一，海盗党/市长，就 Babis 与 Orban 的关系攻击了他。
“在过去的 10 年里，维克多·奥尔班将匈牙利从民主转变为专制，”其负责人伊万·巴托斯在 Facebook 上说。
“他清算自由媒体、清算反对派、自由企业、监视记者……这样的政策是安德烈·巴比斯的榜
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据《土耳其报》就美国究竟为何要阻挠俄土签署关于向土耳其提供俄罗斯防空导弹系统S-400交易问题对专家进行了询问。
©
照片 : The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
国际关系专家伊兹迈伊尔（Togrul Ismayil）认为，美国不愿意看到俄罗斯与土耳其走近，这种情况在叙利亚已经看到。与此同时，他提到华盛顿矛盾的行为：白宫一方面拒绝向其北约盟友土耳其出售爱国者导弹系统，另一方面又批评安卡拉希望其购买S-400系统
。他说，土耳其一旦放弃购买俄罗斯防空系统合同，不仅土耳其的国防能力会受到打击，而且还会严重损害土耳其的形象，因为这一步骤将被认为是美国施压的结果。
据安全问题专家埃施克（Mithat Işık）说，S-400是世界上最好的防空系统之一，因此它是土耳其必不可少的。 他补充说，现在安卡拉和华盛顿在中东和东地中海问题上的立场不合，所以美国的盟友对大大加强土耳其国防能力并不感兴趣。
桑伯尔教授还表示，美国对俄土加强联系不满意。 S-400的合同将打破美国对北约成员国武器供应的垄断地位。 在这种情况下，北约其他国家可能会尝试在中国、印度或俄罗斯寻找美国合同的替代品。
土耳其此前表示不打算放弃购买俄罗斯防空系统计划。根据合同条款，第一批S-400将在7月份交付土耳其。La dieta del pasto
Scopri la dieta del pasto, un regime alimentare equilibrato e sano che ti aiuterà a perdere peso in modo sostenibile. Trova consigli, ricette e suggerimenti per una vita più sana e attiva. Segui la dieta del pasto e raggiungi i tuoi obiettivi di salute e benessere.
Sei stanco di contare calorie e seguire diete restrittive che sembrano non portarti da nessuna parte? Allora la dieta del pasto potrebbe essere la soluzione che stai cercando. Questo approccio innovativo alla perdita di peso promette di rivoluzionare il modo in cui ti nutri, offrendoti una libertà senza pari nel selezionare i tuoi pasti. Se sei curioso di scoprire come funziona e quali benefici può offrirti, resta con noi e leggi l'intero articolo. La dieta del pasto potrebbe essere la chiave per raggiungere i tuoi obiettivi di benessere e ottenere una relazione più sana con il cibo.
esploreremo i principi fondamentali di questa dieta e come può essere efficace nel raggiungere i propri obiettivi di perdita di peso.
Cosa significa 'dieta del pasto'?
La dieta del pasto è un concetto che si concentra sul consumo di pasti equilibrati e controllati senza la necessità di eliminare interi gruppi di alimenti. La sua principale caratteristica è la divisione dei pasti in piccole porzioni, che prevede la suddivisione dei pasti in 5-6 piccoli pasti al giorno. Questa strategia aiuta a mantenere stabile il livello di zucchero nel sangue e a evitare picchi di fame o voglie incontrollabili. Ogni pasto dovrebbe includere una fonte di proteine magre, questa dieta può aiutare a raggiungere e mantenere un peso sano nel lungo termine. Ricorda, proteine magre e cereali integrali.
- Controlla le porzioni: usa strumenti come bilancia per pesare gli alimenti e misurare le porzioni con precisione.
- Bevi abbondante acqua: l'acqua aiuta a mantenere l'idratazione e può aiutare a controllare l'appetito.
Conclusioni
La dieta del pasto offre un approccio pratico e sostenibile alla perdita di peso. Fornendo una guida sul controllo delle porzioni e sulla scelta di alimenti nutrienti, mantenere un adeguato apporto di nutrienti essenziali può favorire la salute generale e il funzionamento ottimale del metabolismo.
Suggerimenti per seguire la dieta del pasto
- Pianifica i pasti in anticipo: creare un piano settimanale dei pasti può essere utile per organizzare in modo appropriato le porzioni e soddisfare le esigenze nutrizionali.
- Scegli alimenti nutrienti: opta per alimenti ricchi di nutrienti come frutta, proteine e grassi in modo da fornire un adeguato apporto calorico.
Come funziona
La dieta del pasto si basa su un piano alimentare ben strutturato, carboidrati complessi e grassi sani.
Vantaggi della dieta del pasto
Uno dei principali vantaggi della dieta del pasto è che non richiede la privazione di cibo, verdura, consultare sempre un professionista della salute prima di iniziare qualsiasi programma dietetico e ricordati che l'esercizio fisico regolare è anche essenziale per una vita sana.,La dieta del pasto: un approccio innovativo per perdere peso
Introduzione
La dieta del pasto è un approccio innovativo che promuove la perdita di peso attraverso una strategia alimentare ben definita. Questo metodo si basa sulla teoria che un corretto controllo delle porzioni di cibo può essere fondamentale per raggiungere e mantenere un peso sano. In questo articolo, ma piuttosto incoraggia un controllo delle porzioni consapevole. Questo approccio può aiutare a prevenire la fame e il senso di frustrazione spesso associato alle diete tradizionali. Inoltre, cercando di bilanciare i nutrienti essenziali come carboidrati
Смотрите статьи по теме LA DIETA DEL PASTO:'' PYD terör örgütü değil ''
İngiltere'nin Ortadoğu'dan Sorumlu Devlet Bakanı Alistair Burt, "PKK ile YPG bağlantısının farkındayız." dedi. İngiliz Bakan, "PYD ve YPG ile konuştuğumuzda PKK ile ilişkileri kesmesi gerektiğini söylüyoruz. Ancak ilişkiler ortada" ifadelerini kullandı
İngiliz parlamentosunun 11 üyeli Dış İşleri Komitesi, "Kürtlerin hevesleri ve İngiltere'nin çıkarları" başlıklı oturum için toplandı. Oturuma İngiltere'nin Ortadoğu'dan Sorumlu Devlet Bakanı Alistair Burt'un açıklamaları damga vurdu.
İngiliz Bakana, PKK ve YPG arasındaki ilişki soruldu. Burt, "Bizim PKK ile bağlantımız yok ancak olası bağlantılar konusunda kaygılıyız. PKK ile olabilecek her türlü bağlantıyı kesmesi için PYD'yi daima uyarıyoruz. Ancak ilişkiler ortada" yanıtını verdi.
Burt, PYD'nin neden terör örgütü listesine alınmadığı sorusuna karşı yanıtı "terör listesine almadığımız örgütler için sebepleri açıklamıyoruz" oldu. Türkiye'nin kaygılarının farkında olduğunu dile getiren Burt, "İngiltere'nin PKK'ye herhangi bir silah verdiğine dair bilgim yok" diye konuştu.
İngiltere Dışişleri Bakanlığının Doğu Akdeniz Masası Başkanı Amy Clemitshaw da "PKK'nin bir terör örgütü olduğunu ayrıca İngiltere'nin de terör listesinde olduğunu" söyledi. Clemitshaw "PYD ile de sadece seyrek olarak temas ediyoruz." dedi.
PKK ve PYD arasında ideolojik bağlantının olup olmadığı sorusunu Clemistshaw "Bu örgütler Öcalan'ın rolüne belli bir itibar gösteriyor." diye yanıtladı.Il piede e la caviglia contengono diversi sacchi pieni di fluidi chiamati bursae che aiutano ad ammortizzare e lubrificare ossa, muscoli e tendini. Borsite della caviglia si riferisce a una condizione in cui uno o più bursae diventano infiammati, portando a dolore costante e arrossamento della pelle. La maggior parte dei casi di borsite è dovuta ad un uso eccessivo e allo sforzo ripetitivo durante lo sport o altre attività fisiche. La borsetta dolorosa può essere trattata in casa riposando e scongelando l’articolazione per diversi giorni, anche se il dolore alla caviglia cronica deve essere valutato e trattato da un medico.
Bursae sono costituiti da rivestimenti a membrana e liquido sinoviale, una sostanza spessa che fornisce protezione e riduce l’attrito tra parti in movimento. Bursite si verifica quando la fodera di una borsa diventa irritata e gonfia. Diversi bursae possono essere colpiti nel piede e nella caviglia, anche se il sito più comune di infiammazione è la bursa retrocalcana tra il tendine di Achille e l’osso del tallone. La parte posteriore del tallone è di solito tenera al tatto e la pelle può essere rossa e calda. Una persona ha probabilità di avere un dolore cronico che peggiora durante e dopo l’attività fisica.
La borsetta della caviglia è più comune negli atleti e nei lavoratori che sono tenuti a camminare, allungare e inginocchiarsi per eseguire i compiti. Quando le caviglie sono sottoposte a un intenso sforzo regolarmente, come è comune nei pista e nel basket, l’attrito tra i muscoli, i tendini e le ossa sopraffa il bursae e porta ad infiammazione. La condizione può essere peggiorata se un individuo indossa scarpe troppo strette e non fornisce abbastanza imbottitura nelle aree del tallone e della caviglia. Inoltre, un allungamento inadeguato prima dell’attività fisica può aumentare notevolmente il rischio di borsite della caviglia e di altre lesioni.
Gli esperti medici consigliano vivamente persone di segnalare eventuali sintomi di dolore alla caviglia ai loro medici, anche se sono lievi. La prima borsetta della caviglia è scoperta, più è facile rimediare. Un medico può effettuare un esame fisico e chiedere al paziente i sintomi per fare una diagnosi corretta. Se si sospetta una grave condizione, il medico può decidere di effettuare una scansione di immagini a risonanza magnetica per visualizzare l’entità del danno bursa.
Un paziente con borsetta minore è in genere istruito per evitare un’intensa attività, riposare la caviglia il più possibile e applicare regolarmente un pacchetto di ghiaccio per alleviare il dolore e il gonfiore. I farmaci anti-infiammatori oltre-il-contro possono contribuire ulteriormente a ridurre i sintomi. Con una cura adeguata, il borsite tende a risolvere in meno di un mese.
In un caso più grave della borsetta della caviglia, un medico può decidere di iniettare una soluzione di corticosteroidi direttamente nella caviglia per ridurre immediatamente l’infiammazione. Il medico può prescrivere farmaci per il dolore e posizionare la caviglia in una fascetta o in un getto per mantenerlo immobile durante la fase di guarigione. Poche settimane, il medico può valutare la caviglia e organizzare la terapia fisica per aiutare il paziente a ritrovare forza e flessibilità. In casi rari, il borsismo può essere abbastanza grave da richiedere un intervento chirurgico per rimuovere la bursa afflitta..
男主角廖惊北出身陕北一个封建家庭，偏做了离经叛道的逆子。他黄埔军校毕业，却放着国民党的军官不做，偏偏去参加共产党组织的渭华暴动。而父亲廖文举是当地的豪绅，自称诸葛亮转世，诡计多端，偏偏被自己的儿子打劫，被整得无计可施。剧中这对父子冤家既立场势成水火，又打断骨头还连着筋络，有怨有恨有苦有爱，成就了好戏连台的剧情
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Copyright © 2012-2018 . All Rights Reserved.One of the more common nursing home injuries that I see commonly involves the development of a urinary tract infection during an admission to a facility. Commonly referred to as a UTI, a urinary tract infection can involve any of the part of the urinary system comprised of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Most UTI’s are caused by bacteria from the colon that gets introduced to the urinary tract. However, particular patients with catheters, may develop UTI’s when bacteria is introduced from other sources such as poor sanitation by staff at a skilled nursing facility.
Women are significantly more susceptible to developing UTI’s due to anatomical differences that allow outside bacteria a more direct path to the urinary system.
Most UTI’s can be identified by the following characteristics:
- Discolored or cloudy urine
- Pungent smell in urine
- Blood in urine
- Frequent urges to urinate
- Bloated abdomen
When diagnosed at an early onset(with a urinalysis), a UTI can be readily treated with antibiotics. If the UTI has progressed— and infected other systems in the body— the patient may required hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics. If not timely identified and treated UTI’s can cause a systemic infection known as sepsis or even death.
I was once again reminded of the devastation that a UTI can bring to an elderly nursing home patient when I read about a recently filed lawsuit against an Illinois Nursing Home. The lawsuit, filed in Madison County, by the family of a deceased woman who was under the care of Edwardsville Health Care Center alleges that the facilities delay in implementing treatment for a UTI contributed to the patient’s death preceded by a painful series of complications including:
- Metabolic acidosis
- Acute Kidney Failureاستاندار خوزستان گفت: تا جایی که اطلاع دارم علت اصلی حادثه هنوز مشخص نیست و تیم بررسی علت حادثه تشکیل شده است. باید به صورت کارشناسی علت حادثه مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. البته اتفاق نظری هست که مشکل فنی و نقص فنی، دلیل بروز این حادثه است.
غلامرضا شریعتی در گفت و گوی با بخش ویژه خبری سیمای مرکز خوزستان که ساعت 23 شنبه شب انجام شد، در خصوص حادثه آتش سوزی مجتمع پتروشیمی بوعلی سینا ماهشهر اظهار کرد: پس از اطلاع از رخ دادن فورا ستاد بحران در منطقه ویژه اقتصادی پتروشیمی در شهرستان ماهشهر و در استان تشکیل شد و بلافاصله معاون امنیتی استاندار، معاون عمرانی استاندار و مدیرکل مدیریت بحران استانداری در محل حضور پیدا کردند و از نزدیک با مسئولان منطقه ویژه، وضعیت را مدیریت کردند.
وی افزود: پس از اعلام نیاز، تمام امکانات استان از جمله شرکت ملی حفاری، شرکت مناطق نفت خیز، اداره کل بنادر، فرودگاه ها، شهرداری ها و تمام نیروهای تخصصی استان به کار گرفته شدند.
استاندار خوزستان گفت: شخص رییس جمهور، دفتر ایشان، وزیر کشور و معاونان وی موضوع را به صورت ویژه دنبال می کردند و در بسیج امکانات همکاری لازم را داشتند. هواپیمای آب پاش با 40 تن آب در فرودگاه اهواز مستقر شد و در اختیار ما قرار داشت اما به دلیل این که استفاده از آب در این وضعیت مناسب نیست، از این هواپیما استفاده نشد.
شریعتی در خصوص علت حادثه عنوان کرد: تا جایی که اطلاع دارم علت اصلی حادثه هنوز مشخص نیست و تیم بررسی علت حادثه تشکیل شده است. باید به صورت کارشناسی علت حادثه مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. البته اتفاق نظری هست که مشکل فنی و نقص فنی، دلیل بروز این حادثه است.
وی با اشاره شکل گیری حادثه تصریح کرد: در ابتدا تلاش برای مهار حریق برج مجتمع پتروشمی بوعلی سینا بود. این برج که بلندترین برج منطقه ویژه پتروشیمی ماهشهر با ارتفاع 125متر است، دچار آتش سوزی شده بود و آتش از آن به مخزنی با ظرفیت حدود 20 هزار تن نفتا سرایت کرد. تلاش وافری بود که در ابتدا، آتش برج مهار شود زیرا برج سقوط می کرد و این مکان وجود داشت که در مجتمع پتروشیمی شهید تندگویان سقوط کند و آسیب جدی به این مجتمع برساند.
استاندار خوزستان با بیان این که تلاش همزمان بر تثبیت و خاموش کردن برج بود، گفت: در صبح جمعه، برج خاموش و وضعیت عادی شد اما مخزن نفتا دوباره دچار آتش سوزی شد و آتش بزرگی رخ داد. در مجاورت مخزن، مخازن گازی و کروی بسیاری بود اما وضعیت با دقت مدیریت شد.
شریعتی ادامه داد: تخلیه مواد از مخزن با لوله های 6 و 4 اینچ انجام می شد. در تخلیه مواد، دقت لازم انجام شد و دما نیز کنترل می شد زیرا اگر دما بالا می رفت، امکان حریق مواد نیز وجود داشت. با تلاش انجام شده، 6 هزار تن مواد نفتا از مخزن در حال آتش تخلیه شد و از هدر رفت این میزان مواد جلوگیری و موجب تسریع در مهار آتش شد.
وی اظهار کرد: آتش، گرمای بسیاری ایجاد کرده بود و از سوی دیگر نیز دمای هوا بسیار بالا بود. تلاش مجاهدانه نیروهای آتش نشانی در این گرمای طاقت فرسا را از نزدیک شاهد بودم. این نگرانی وجود داشت که مخازن مجاور به دلیل این گرما دچار حریق شوند. اگرچه مخازن به صورت اتوماتیک خنک می شدند اما آتش نشانان اقدامات لازم را برای خنک کردن مخازن گاز کروی و مخازن بنزن انجام دادند و دمای این مخازن کنترل شد.
استاندار خوزستان گفت: تلاش نخست این بود که آتش سرایت نکند و سپس مهار شود. در عین حال باید مخزن به طور کامل فرو نریزد تا آتش سرایت نکند. ابتدا در ساعت 2 بعداز ظهر جمعه تصمیم گرفته شد که با عملیات ضربتی آتش مهار شود اما این عملیات موفقیت آمیز نبود. پس از آن مقرر شد تا پایان سوزانده شدن کامل مواد، آتش مهار شود که این شیوه در جهان معمول بود اما در ساعت یک بامداد تصمیم گرفته شده که با توجه به وجود امکانات لازم و فوم مورد نیاز حمله ضربتی برای مهار آتش انجام شود. عملیات مهار آتش در مدت حدود یک ساعت و ۴۵ دقیقه تا ۲ ساعت انجام و آتش مخزن مهار شد.
شریعتی ادامه داد: پس از خاموش شدن آتش، کار نیروهای آتش نشانی متوقف نشد زیرا اگر آب پاشی بر مخزن انجام نمی شد، این امکان وجود داشت که مخزن دوباره دچار حریق شود. بدین ترتیب تا ساعت 8 صبح روز شنبه آب پاشی بر دیواره مخزن و خنک سازی مخزن انجام می شد.
وی اظهار کرد: خداوند را شاکر هستیم که لطف او شامل حال ما شد و این حادثه تلفات جانی نداشت و تلفات اقتصادی آن نیز کنترل شد و با حداقل خسارت همراه بود.
استاندار خوزستان با تقدیر از تلاش تمام نیروهای امدادی و آتش نشانی در این حادثه گفت: از شخص رییس جمهور، هیات دولت و وزیر نفت که این حادثه را به شکل مستقیم دنبال می کردند سپاسگزارم. پتروشیمی بوعلی متعلق به وزارت نفت نیست و متعلق به بخش خصوصی است اما شاهد آن بودیم که وزیر نفت و
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England, France and the Netherlands. This diversity led Thornton to describe the initial "exploration of the Atlantic" as "a truly international exercise, even if many of the dramatic discoveries were made under the sponsorship of the Iberian monarchs". That leadership later gave rise to the myth that "the Iberians were the sole leaders of the exploration".
Slavery was prevalent in many parts of Africa for many centuries before the beginning of the Atlantic slave trade. There is evidence that enslaved people from some parts of Africa were exported to states in Africa, Europe, and Asia prior to the European colonization of the Americas.
The Atlantic slave trade was not the only slave trade from Africa, although it was the largest in volume and intensity. As Elikia M'bokolo wrote in Le Monde diplomatique:
The African continent was bled of its human resources via all possible routes. Across the Sahara, through the Red Sea, from the Indian Ocean ports and across the Atlantic. At least ten centuries of slavery for the benefit of the Muslim countries (from the ninth to the nineteenth) ... Four million enslaved people exported via the Red Sea, another four million through the Swahili ports of the Indian Ocean, perhaps as many as nine million along the trans-Saharan caravan route, and eleven to twenty million (depending on the author) across the Atlantic Ocean.
According to John K. Thornton, Europeans usually bought enslaved people who were captured in endemic warfare between African states. Some Africans had made a business out of capturing Africans from neighboring ethnic groups or war captives and selling them. A reminder of this practice is documented in the Slave Trade Debates of England in the early 19th century: "All the old writers ... concur in stating not only that wars are entered into for the sole purpose of making slaves, but that they are fomented by Europeans, with a view to that object." People living around the Niger River were transported from these markets to the coast and sold at European trading ports in exchange for muskets and manufactured goods such as cloth or alcohol. However, the European demand for slaves provided a large new market for the already existing trade. While those held in slavery in their own region of Africa might hope to escape, those shipped away had little chance of returning to Africa.
Upon discovering new lands through their naval explorations, European colonisers soon began to migrate to and settle in lands outside their native continent. Off the coast of Africa, European migrants, under the directions of the Kingdom of Castile, invaded and colonised the Canary Islands during the 15th century, where they converted much of the land to the production of wine and sugar. Along with this, they also captured native Canary Islanders, the Guanches, to use as slaves both on the Islands and across the Christian Mediterranean.
As historian John Thornton remarked, "the actual motivation for European expansion and for navigational breakthroughs was little more than to exploit the opportunity for immediate profits made by raiding and the seizure or purchase of trade commodities". Using the Canary Islands as a naval base, Europeans, at the time primarily Portuguese traders, began to move their activities down the western coast of Africa, performing raids in which slaves would be captured to be later sold in the Mediterranean. Although initially successful in this venture, "it was not long before African naval forces were alerted to the new dangers, and the Portuguese [raiding] ships began to meet strong and effective resistance", with the crews of several of them being killed by African sailors, whose boats were better equipped at traversing the west African coasts and river systems.
By 1494, the Portuguese king had entered agreements with the rulers of several West African states that would allow trade between their respective peoples, enabling the Portuguese to "tap into" the "well-developed commercial economy in Africa ... without engaging in hostilities". "Peaceful trade became the rule all along the African coast", although there were some rare exceptions when acts of aggression led to violence. For instance, Portuguese traders attempted to conquer the Bissagos Islands in 1535. In 1571 Portugal, supported by the Kingdom of Kongo, took control of the south-western region of Angola in order to secure its threatened economic interest in the area. Although Kongo later joined a coalition in 1591 to force the Portuguese out, Portugal had secured a foothold on the continent that it continued to occupy until the 20th century. Despite these incidences of occasional violence between African and European forces, many African states ensured that any trade went on in their own terms, for instance, imposing custom duties on foreign ships. In 1525, the Kongolese king, Afonso I, seized a French vessel and its crew for illegally trading on his coast.
Historians have widely debated the nature of the relationship between these African kingdoms and the European traders. The Guyanese historian Walter Rodney (1972) has argued that it was an unequal relationship, with Africans being forced into a "colonial" trade with the more economically developed Europeans, exchanging raw materials and human resources (i.e. slaves) for manufactured goods. He argued that it was this economic trade agreement dating back to the 16th century that led to Africa being underdeveloped in his own time. These ideas were supported by other historians, including Ralph Austen (1987). This idea of an unequal relationship was contested by John Thornton (1998), who argued that "the Atlantic slave trade was not nearly as critical to the African economy as these scholars believed" and that "African manufacturing [at this period] was more than capable of handling competition from preindustrial Europe". However, Anne Bailey, commenting on Thornton's suggestion that Africans and Europeans were equal partners in the Atlantic slave trade, wrote:
[T]o see Africans as partners implies equal terms and equal influence on the global and intercontinental processes of the trade. Africans had great influence on the continent itself, but they had no direct influence on the engines behind the trade in the capital firms, the shipping and insurance companies of Europe and America, or the plantation systems in Americas. They did not wield any influence on the building manufacturing centers of the West.
The Atlantic slave trade is customarily divided into two eras, known as the First and Second Atlantic Systems.
The First Atlantic system was the trade of enslaved Africans to, primarily, South American colonies of the Portuguese and Spanish empires; it accounted for slightly more than 3% of all Atlantic slave trade. It started (on a significant scale) in about 1502 and lasted until 1580 when Portugal was temporarily united with Spain. While the Portuguese were directly involved in trading enslaved peoples, the Spanish empire relied on the asiento system, awarding merchants (mostly from other countries) the license to trade enslaved people to their colonies. During the first Atlantic system, most of these traders were Portuguese, giving them a near-monopoly during the era. Some Dutch, English, and French traders also participated in the slave trade. After the union, Portugal came under Spanish legislation that prohibited it from directly engaging in the slave trade as a carrier. It became a target for the traditional enemies of Spain, losing a large share of the trade to the Dutch, English, and French.
The Second Atlantic system was the trade of enslaved Africans by mostly English, Portuguese, French and Dutch traders. The main destinations of this phase were the Caribbean colonies and Brazil, as European nations built up economically slave-dependent colonies in the New World. Slightly more than 3% of the enslaved people exported from Africa were traded between 1450 and 1600, and 16% in the 17th century.
It is estimated that more than half of the entire slave trade took place during the 18th century, with the British, Portuguese and French being the main carriers of nine out of ten slaves abducted in Africa. By the 1690s, the English were shipping the most slaves from West Africa. They maintained this position during the 18th century, becoming the biggest shippers of slaves across the Atlantic. By the 18th century, Angola had become one of the principal sources of the Atlantic slave trade.
Following the British and United States' bans on the African slave trade in 1808, it declined, but the period after still accounted for 28.5% of the total volume of the Atlantic slave trade. Between 1810 and 1860, over 3.5 million slaves were transported, with 850,000 in the 1820s.:193
A burial ground in Campeche, Mexico, suggests slaves had been brought there not long after Hernán Cortés completed the subjugation of Aztec and Mayan Mexico in the 16th century. The graveyard had been in use from approximately 1550 to the late 17th century.
The first side of the triangle was the export of goods from Europe to Africa. A number of African kings and merchants took part in the trading of enslaved people from 1440 to about 1833. For each captive, the African rulers would receive a variety of goods from Europe. These included guns, ammunition, and other factory-made goods. The second leg of the triangle exported enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas and the Caribbean Islands. The third and final part of the triangle was the return of goods to Europe from the Americas. The goods were the products of slave-labour plantations and included cotton, sugar, tobacco, molasses and rum. Sir John Hawkins, considered the pioneer of the British slave trade, was the first to run the Triangular trade, making a profit at every stop.
The Atlantic slave trade was the result of, among other things, labour shortage, itself in turn created by the desire of European colonists to exploit New World land and resources for capital profits. Native peoples were at first utilized as slave labour by Europeans until a large number died from overwork and Old World diseases. Alternative sources of labour, such as indentured servitude, failed to provide a sufficient workforce. Many crops could not be sold for profit, or even grown, in Europe. Exporting crops and goods from the New World to Europe often proved to be more profitable than producing them on the European mainland. A vast amount of labour was needed to create and sustain plantations that required intensive labour to grow, harvest, and process prized tropical crops. Western Africa (part of which became known as "the Slave Coast"), Angola and nearby Kingdoms and later Central Africa, became the source for enslaved people to meet the demand for labour.
The basic reason for the constant shortage of labour was that, with large amounts of cheap land available and lots of landowners searching for workers, free European immigrants were able to become landowners themselves after a relatively short time, thus increasing the need for workers.
Thomas Jefferson attributed the use of slave labour in part to the climate, and the consequent idle leisure afforded by slave labour: "For in a warm climate, no man will labour for himself who can make another labour for him. This is so true, that of the proprietors of slaves a very small proportion indeed are ever seen to labour." In a 2015 paper, economist Elena Esposito argued that the enslavement of Africans in colonial America was attributable to the fact that the American south was sufficiently warm and humid for malaria to thrive; the disease had debilitating effects on the European settlers. Conversely, many enslaved Africans were taken from regions of Africa which hosted particularly potent strains of the disease, so the Africans had already developed natural resistance to malaria. This, Esposito argued, resulted in higher malaria survival rates in the American south among enslaved Africans than among European labourers, making them a more profitable source of labour and encouraging their use.
Africans played a direct role in the slave trade, selling their captives or prisoners of war to European buyers. The prisoners and captives who were sold were usually from neighbouring or enemy ethnic groups. These captive slaves were considered "other", not part of the people of the ethnic group or "tribe"; African kings held no particular loyalty to them. Sometimes criminals would be sold so that they could no longer commit crimes in that area. Most other slaves were obtained from kidnappings, or through raids that occurred at gunpoint through joint ventures with the Europeans. But some African kings refused to sell any of their captives or criminals. King Jaja of Opobo, a former slave, refused to do business with the slavers completely.
According to Ipsen, Africans, namely Ghana, also participated in the slave trade through intermarriage, or cassare, meaning "to set up house". It is derived from the Portuguese word "casar", meaning "to marry". Cassare created political and economic bonds between European and African slave traders. Cassare was a pre-European practice used to integrate the "other" from a differing African tribe. Powerful West African groups used these marriages as an alliance used to strengthen their trade networks with European men by marrying off African women from families with ties to the slave trade. Early on in the Atlantic Slave trade, these marriages were common. The marriages were even performed using African customs, which Europeans did not object to, seeing how important the connections were.
Although Europeans were the market for slaves, Europeans rarely entered the interior of Africa, due to fear of disease and fierce African resistance. In Africa, convicted criminals could be punished by enslavement, a punishment which became more prevalent as slavery became more lucrative. Since most of these nations did not have a prison system, convicts were often sold or used in the scattered local domestic slave market.
As of 1778, Thomas Kitchin estimated that Europeans were bringing an estimated 52,000 slaves to the Caribbean yearly, with the French bringing the most Africans to the French West Indies (13,000 out of the yearly estimate). The Atlantic slave trade peaked in the last two decades of the 18th century, during and following the Kongo Civil War. Wars among tiny states along the Niger River's Igbo-inhabited region and the accompanying banditry also spiked in this period. Another reason for surplus supply of enslaved people was major warfare conducted by expanding states, such as the kingdom of Dahomey, the Oyo Empire, and the Asante Empire.
Forms of slavery varied both in Africa and in the New World. In general, slavery in Africa was not heritable—that is, the children of slaves were free—while in the Americas, children of slave mothers were considered born into slavery. This was connected to another distinction: slavery in West Africa was not reserved for racial or religious minorities, as it was in European colonies, although the case was otherwise in places such as Somalia, where Bantus were taken as slaves for the ethnic Somalis.
The treatment of slaves in Africa was more variable than in the Americas. At one extreme, the kings of Dahomey routinely slaughtered slaves in hundreds or thousands in sacrificial rituals, and slaves as human sacrifices were also known in Cameroon. On the other hand, slaves in other places were often treated as part of the family, "adopted children", with significant rights including the right to marry without their masters' permission. Scottish explorer Mungo Park wrote:
The slaves in Africa, I suppose, are nearly in the proportion of three to one to the freemen. They claim no reward for their services except food and clothing, and are treated with kindness or severity, according to the good or bad disposition of their masters ... The slaves which are thus brought from the interior may be divided into two distinct classes—first, such as were slaves from their birth, having been born of enslaved mothers; secondly, such as were born free, but who afterwards, by whatever means, became slaves. Those of the first description are by far the most numerous ...
In the Americas, slaves were denied the right to marry freely and masters did not generally accept them as equal members of the family. New World slaves were considered the property of their owners, and slaves convicted of revolt or murder were executed.
There were eight principal areas used by Europeans to buy and ship slaves to the Western Hemisphere. The number of enslaved people sold to the New World varied throughout the slave trade. As for the distribution of slaves from regions of activity, certain areas produced far more enslaved people than others. Between 1650 and 1900, 10.2 million enslaved Africans arrived in the Americas from the following regions in the following proportions:
Although the slave trade was largely global, there was considerable intracontinental slave trade in which 8 million people were enslaved within the African continent. Of those who did move out of Africa, 8 million were forced out of Eastern Africa to be sent to Asia.
There were over 173 city-states and kingdoms in the African regions affected by the slave trade between 1502 and 1853, when Brazil became the last Atlantic import nation to outlaw the slave trade. Of those 173, no fewer than 68 could be deemed nation states with political and military infrastructures that enabled them to dominate their neighbours. Nearly every present-day nation had a pre-colonial predecessor, sometimes an African empire with which European traders had to barter.
The different ethnic groups brought to the Americas closely corresponds to the regions of heaviest activity in the slave trade. Over 45 distinct ethnic groups were taken to the Americas during the trade. Of the 45, the ten most prominent, according to slave documentation of the era are listed below.
The transatlantic slave trade resulted in a vast and as yet still unknown loss of life for African captives both in and outside America. Approximately 1.2–2.4 million Africans died during their transport to the New World. More died soon after their arrival. The number of lives lost in the procurement of slaves remains a mystery but may equal or exceed the number who survived to be enslaved.
The savage nature of the trade led to the destruction of individuals and cultures. The following figures do not include deaths of enslaved Africans as a result of their labour, slave revolts, or diseases suffered while living among New World populations.
Historian Ana Lucia Araujo has noted that the process of enslavement did not end with arrival on the American shores; the different paths taken by the individuals and groups who were victims of the Atlantic slave trade were influenced by different factors—including the disembarking region, the kind of work performed, gender, age, religion, and language.
Estimates of how many Africans died during the slave trade over the 400-year period of slavery vary. While some estimates place the figure between 100 and 200 million, more conservative estimates indicate approximately 14 million people perished. It is alleged that so many slaves died in the sea that sharks' travel patterns changed to feed off the bodies thrown overboard. Estimates by Patrick Manning are far more conservative. He suggests that about 12 million slaves entered the Atlantic trade between the 16th and 19th century, but about 1.5 million died on board ship. About 10.5 million slaves arrived in the Americas. Besides the slaves who died on the Middle Passage, more Africans likely died during the slave raids in Africa and forced marches to ports. Manning estimates that 4 million died inside Africa after capture, and many more died young. Manning's estimate covers the 12 million who were originally destined for the Atlantic, as well as the 6 million destined for Asian slave markets and the 8 million destined for African markets. Of the slaves shipped to The Americas, the largest share went to Brazil and the Caribbean.
According to Kimani Nehusi, the presence of European slavers affected the way in which the legal code in African societies responded to offenders. Crimes traditionally punishable by some other form of punishment became punishable by enslavement and sale to slave traders. According to David Stannard's American Holocaust, 50% of African deaths occurred in Africa
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anymore.
Small spheres were observed in the meteorite which the
scientists in 1996 claimed were the fossilized remains of bacteria. However, they are roughly 1000 times smaller than the smallest bacteria on Earth, so don't resemble any life thought to be possible. Organic (carbon containing) compounds were found with the spheres, but it turned out that the organic compounds became a part of the meteorite after it landed on Earth (possibly when water seeped in a couple times over the 12,000 years the rock laid in Antarctica). Carbon 14, an isotope found on Earth is present in the organic compounds, but not in the spheres.
The environment of Mars in the
past was very different than it is today. Conditions then may have been favorable for the existence of life. Even though the Mars meteorite does not prove life once existed on Mars, it certainly does not disprove the possibility.
Shop Windows to the Universe Science Store!
"Ready, Set, SCIENCE!: Putting Research to Work in K-8 Science Classrooms
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به این ترتیب بخشی از کاهش فروش صورت گرفته در ماههای اخیر جبران گردید و جمع مقادیر فروش تجمیعی شرکت در سال ۱۳۹۸ به بیش از ۴.۵۴۵ تن رسید. بیش از ۴۵ درصد از فروش شرکت در اسفند ماه محقق شده است.
این در حالی است که مقادیر تولید شرکت در سال ۱۳۹۸ معادل ۷.۱۲۱ تن بوده و شاهد مازاد تولید بیش از ۲.۲۵۰ تنی شمش روی این شرکت هستیم. روندی مشابه را در سال ۹۷ نیز شاهد بودیم و در سال ۹۷ نیز مازاد تولید ۳.۰۵۰ تنی را شاهد بودیم.
نرخ فروش هر تن شمش روی در اسفند ماه به ۲۵۰ میلیون ریال رسیده است که این نرخ نسبت به بهمن ماه ۶ درصد کاهش را نشان میدهد. میانگین نرخ فروش هر تن از این محصول در سال ۱۳۹۸ به ۲۶۰ میلیون و ۳۰۰ هزار ریال رسیده است.
با توجه به اینکه بخش عمدهای از فروش شرکت به صورت صادراتی صورت میگیرد، افت قیمت جهانی نرخ روی در هفتههای اخیر منجر به کاهش مجدد نرخ این محصول در فروردین ماه نیز خواهد گردید.UNESCO urges Poland to stop logging ancient forest
UNESCO on Wednesday "strongly" urged Poland to stop logging the older parts of the ancient Bialowieza forest, a world heritage site that includes some of Europe's last primeval woodland.
The large-scale logging authorised by the Polish government began in May of last year and has since drawn concern from environmental activists, scientists and the European Union.
UNESCO "strongly urges (Poland) to immediately halt all logging and wood extraction in old-growth forests," the World Heritage Committee said in a statement during its annual session.
The committee, which is meeting in the southern Polish city of Krakow this year, also called on "the state party of Poland to maintain the continuity and integrity of protected old-growth forest in Bialowieza forest."
Straddling Poland's eastern border with Belarus, Bialowieza boasts unique plant and animal life—including the continent's largest mammal, the European bison—as well as one of the largest surviving parts of the primeval forest that covered the European plain 10,000 years ago.
The Polish government has said it authorised the logging to contain damage caused by a spruce bark beetle infestation and to fight the risk of forest fires.
But environmental activists allege that the government's explanation is being used as a cover for the commercial logging of protected old-growth forests.
UNESCO urged Poland to "clarify third-party reports about logging targeting species other than those affected by bark beetle, which cannot be justified as so-called sanitary cuttings."
The European Commission for its part gave Polish authorities a "final warning" in late April to address its concerns over the forest or face being summoned by the EU's top court.
Environmental activists lauded UNESCO's statement: "This vote encourages us to continue our fight," Krzysztof Cibor from Greenpeace told AFP.
"But we have no illusions. This doesn't mean that the saws will stop tomorrow in Bialowieza. But one day it will end up happening, I hope, sooner rather than later."
The committee said it would send a monitoring mission to Bialowieza, while Environment Minister Jan Szyszko invited UNESCO delegates to the forest on Saturday.
© 2017 AFPکره شمالی از توافق بین ایالات متحده، کره جنوبی و ژاپن برای تقویت همکاری نظامی انتقاد کرده و مدعی است که این بخشی از طرح ایالات متحده برای ایجاد یک اتحاد نظامی مانند ناتو در منطقه است.
به گزارش جماران به نقل از سى ان ان خبرگزاری دولتی کره شمالی روز یکشنبه گزارش داد، سخنگوی وزارت خارجه کره شمالی در پاسخ به سوالی که توسط KCNA مطرح شده است، گفت: واقعیت به وضوح نشان می دهد که هدف واقعی آمریکا از انتشار شایعه "تهدید کره شمالی" این است که بهانه ای برای دستیابی به برتری نظامی بر منطقه آسیا و اقیانوسیه فراهم کند."
این سخنگوی وزارت امور خارجه افزود: وضعیت حاکم، نیاز فوری به تقویت نیروهای دفاعی کشور برای مقابله فعال با تشدید سریع محیط امنیتی دارد.
جو بایدن، رئیس جمهور آمریکا، فومیو کیشیدا، نخست وزیر ژاپن و یون سوک یول، رئیس جمهور کره جنوبی هفته گذشته در حاشیه نشست سران ناتو با یکدیگر دیدار کردند و توافق کردند که پیشرفت و برنامه های موشکی نه تنها برای شبه جزیره کره بلکه شرق آسیا و جهان را تهدید جدی می کند.
آنها گفتند که ابزارهای بیشتری برای تقویت "بازدارندگی گسترده" علیه کره شمالی بررسی خواهند کرد. کره شمالی امسال آزمایش های موشکی را با سرعتی بی سابقه انجام داده است و برخی معتقدند که برای آزمایش هسته ای دیگری آماده می شود.
کیشیدا گفت، توانایی های بازدارندگی اتحادهای ژاپن-ایالات متحده و ایالات متحده- جمهوری کره باید به عنوان بخشی از تلاش اساسی برای تقویت مشارکت سه جانبه بین ژاپن، ایالات متحده و جمهوری کره ارتقا یابد.
روابط بین ژاپن و کره جنوبی به دلیل خاطرات اشغال شبه جزیره کره توسط ژاپن از سال 1910 تا 1945 تیره شده است.
روابط با مون جائه-این، رئیس جمهور قبلی کره جنوبی، به بدترین حالت خود در سال های اخیر بدتر شد، با اختلافات بر سر قلمرو و تاریخ و لغو قرارداد اشتراک اطلاعات دو کشور. با این حال، یون تمایل خود را برای ترمیم روابط ابراز کرده است، و کیشیدا نیز به نظر می رسد که به خوبی پاسخ داده است.
کره شمالی همچنین ضمن متهم کردن واشنگتن به ایجاد یک جنگ سرد جدید اظهار کرد طرح تشکیل پیمان نظامی بین آمریکا، کره جنوبی و ژاپن، مقدمهای خطرناک برای شکل گیری نسخه آسیایی ناتو است.
این در حالی است که وزیر خارجه کره شمالی در بیانیه دیگری که هفته جاری منتشر کرده بود، تمرین های نظامی مشترک آمریکا با کره جنوبی و ژاپن را نشان دهنده سیاست دورویی آمریکا در ارائه پیشنهاد گفتگوهای دیپلماتیک بدون شرط با کره شمالی دانست.
این اتهام از سوی کره شمالی در حالی مطرح شد که تا ساعاتی دیگر رهبران کره جنوبی و ژاپن برای نخستین بار به عنوان عضو ناظر در نشست سالانه اعضای ناتو در مادرید اسپانیا شرکت خواهند کرد.
قرار است در این نشست، مقامات سئول و توکیو با جو بایدن رئیس جمهور آمریکا درباره بحران کره شمالی دیدار و گفتگو کنند و این نخستین دیدار سه جانبه در این سطح از سال 2017 تاکنون خواهد بود.
گفتنی است کره شمالی در سال جاری میلادی چندین آزمایش موشکی انجام داده که در این بین یکی از بزرگترین موشک های بالستیک قاره پیما را آزمایش کرد و در حال آماده سازی برای آزمایش یک سلاح هستهای برای نخستین بار از سال 2017 است.
به گزارش خبرگزاری رویترز، قرار است «فومیو کیشیدا» نخست وزیر ژاپن و «یون سوک یول» رئیس جمهوری کره جنوبی با «جو بایدن» رئیس جمهوری آمریکا در حاشیه این نشست، برای نخستین بار از سال ۲۰۱۷ دیداری سهجانبه با محوریت مسائل کره شمالی داشته باشند.
به علاوه این سه کشور عملیات مشترک شناسایی و ردیابی موشکی را در ماه اوت نزدیک «هاوایی» با نام «پسیفیک دراگون» (اژدهای اقیانوسیه) انجام خواهند داد.
در بیانیه مشابهی که آخر هفته گذشته از سوی کره شمالی منتشر شد، وزارت امور خارجه این کشور تاکید کرد رزمایشهای مشترک این سه کشور بیانگر ریاکاری آمریکا در پیشنهادهای دیپلماتیک و مذاکرات بدون پیش شرط است.
کره شمالی در سال جاری تعداد زیادی آزمایش موشکهای هسته ای از جمله موشک های بالستیک دور برد قاره پیما انجام داده است و نگرانی هایی وجود دارد که این کشور آمادگی انجام آزمایش های هسته ای را برای اولین بار از سال ۲۰۱۷ بدست آورده باشد.
کره شمالی و ژاپن هر دو از متحدان آمریکا هستند اما روابط پرتنشی با یکدیگر در گذر تاریخ و پس از اشغال کره جنوبی از سال ۱۹۱۰ تا ۱۹۴۵ توسط ژاپن داشتند. در این میان با افزایش تنش های شبه جزیره کره، آمریکا «سئول » و «توکیو» را ترغیب کرد تا همکاری های بیشتری با یکدیگر داشته باشند تا بتوانند در برابر تهدیدهای کره شمالی از یک سو و مقابله با افزایش نفوذ چین در منطقه آمادگی داتشه باشند.
در پایان این گزارش آمده است: خبرگزاری رسمی کره شمالی به نقل از «کیم هیئو میونگ» محقق در انجمن تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی کره شمالی که اعتقاد داشت ناتو مسئول جنگ اوکراین است، نشانه های شومی وجود دارد که دیر یا زود امواج سیاه در آتلانتیک شمالی آرامش اقیانوس آرام را بهم خواهد زد و ناتو چیزی بیش از خدمتگزاری برای تحقق استراتژی هژمونی آمریکا و ابزاری برای خشونت منطقه ای نیست.39岁的“杜冰雁”出现在韩国，并受到关注。他谦虚地笑了笑，并没有忘记和粉丝们分享化妆品。
39岁的“杜冰雁”出现在韩国并受到关注。他谦虚地笑了笑，并没有忘记和粉丝们分享化妆品。
我相信每个女孩心中都有一个“古装梦”。这些都是由于一些非常经典的古装剧的影响。虽然电影和电视作品越来越多，但以前能找到的“古董”美女却很少。在经典古装剧《上错车嫁给一对夫妇》中，黄易和李琳扮演的两个“结拜姐妹”深受观众喜爱。它们不仅让时间感到惊奇，而且成为永远无法复制的经典。黄易的服装漂亮可爱，而李琳的服装漂亮优雅。
最近，39岁的李琳出现在一家韩国免税商店。事实上，她只需要给自己买些化妆品。事实上，这些年来，他已经逐渐淡出了银幕。然而，因为“杜冰雁”这个角色太经典了，李琳一出现就被认出来了。许多中国和韩国粉丝开始观看。事实上，艺术家们面对这种情况很尴尬。毕竟，他们会打乱自己的时间表。然而，李琳的态度非常谦虚，根本没有明星地位！
39岁的李琳穿着一套职业套装，有一个简单的肉丸头和刘海。虽然他被这么多粉丝拍了照，但李琳仍然非常认真地选择他想要的化妆品。粉丝们问产品是否好后，李琳也非常积极地回应每个人。该指南很快向李琳推荐了其他产品。然而，李琳不会买任何东西，因为这么多粉丝假装傲慢，礼貌地拒绝了导游。他笑着说，“不，我只是需要这个。然后他谦恭地离开人群，向每个人挥手告别。”
事实上，李琳出生在一个非常富裕的家庭。她的父亲是当地著名的企业家。然而，她从未有过做生意的强烈愿望。相反，她对表演特别感兴趣。因此，她参加了这场戏。因为她小时候学过很多歌剧，所以她的姿势和姿态都很优雅，没有同龄人的光环。因此，她扮演的“杜冰雁”成了一个独特的服装女神。这种举止真的不是普通女演员能学到的。一瞬间，这位女演员变得受欢迎并出名了。
然而，当她第一次毕业时，她嫁给了比她大8岁的表演老师李薛涛，并生了一个女儿。然而，这种关系并没有持续多久。离婚后，她独自带着女儿，偶尔还会演戏。直到2014年，她嫁给了比她小8岁的金超，并获得了驾照。这段婚姻不受人们的欢迎。然而，荆超对妻子和大女儿一丝不苟已有5年，并在事业上取得了新的突破。这个家庭非常幸福，令人羡慕！
虽然李琳现在已经淡出娱乐圈，因为他以前的角色也深受观众的关注，你对39岁的“杜冰雁”最近的照片有什么看法吗？欢迎留言并一起讨论...
一个大脸扁鼻子的女孩怎么能得救？你需要托尼和魔法化妆品。非常漂亮。 整容手术是一个大项目。做好这件事要花很多钱。我担心它不像过去那样舒适了。这张脸每天都要暴露出来。没有问题，尤其是对女孩来说。如果你不做整容手术，你想让你的鼻子和脸
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李翔的浴室暴露在外，使用的化妆品含有2克拉钻石粉。9岁的女儿已经开始维修了。 李湘的每个人都已经熟悉它了。曾经是湖南卫视的姐姐，她嫁给了一个富裕的家庭，成为了一个富裕的家庭。然而，这场婚姻没过多久就以失败告终。后来，她遇到了导演王岳伦。婚后Le cose da considerare per la progettazione di un pollaio
Quando si tratta di progetti di costruzione e piani, architetti, imprenditori e costruttori di solito sono gli unici interessati. Tuttavia, quando si tratta di una struttura, il denaro deve essere degno di tutte le spese da sostenere. Pertanto, come il proprietario, deve prendere parte attiva nelle fasi preliminari di pre-costruzione.
Per un pollo, si ha realmente bisogno di un aiuto professionale, ma anche se questo potrebbe essere considerato una piccola struttura da costruire, si devono ancora essere progettati piani accurati, anche prima della costruzione dell'inizio.
Qui ci sono alcuni fattori da considerare:
1. Nei dintorni?
Prima di scegliere il design del vostro pollaio, si dovrebbe prendere atto del contesto che si trova nella posizione prevista della cooperativa. Si può vivere in città o in campagna. Questo fattore vi aiuterà a decidere se costruire una stia per polli portatile, un fisso cooperativa o semi-permanente.
2. Struttura di design
Ciò include correttamente la dimensione della casa si costruirà. C'è una giusta proporzione al numero di polli che rimarrà e zona gabbia. L'idea generale è che i polli, maggiore deve essere la cooperativa. A parte le dimensioni della loro cooperazione, è necessario installare anche una zona dove si può facilmente mettere in aree sufficiente di contenitori per l'acqua e il cibo per gli uccelli. Così, forniamo un facile accesso al cibo. Se volete uova buona dovrebbe avere anche una zona adeguata dove possono nidificare.
3. Le esigenze di base dei polli
Come l'uomo, i polli sono creature viventi con le loro esigenze. Per crescere progressivamente più sano, le uova, e dare più ragazze a crescere la popolazione, quindi è necessario proteggerli. Deve avere un caldo
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il chakra del cuore?
Attraverso tutte le posizioni di apertura dello yoga, la meditazione e tutti i cristalli verdi e rosa.Vado subito al sodo visto che ma magari è solo una paturnia mia.
Il caro Kled che in inglese è chiamato "the cantankerous cavalier" è stato tradotto in italiano con "l'isterico cavaliere" ora, solo a me sembra una presa per il culo tradurre "cantankerous" con "isterico"? una traduzione molto migliore e azzeccata sarebbe l'irascibile cavaliere o lo scorbutico cavaliere(che anche quest'ultima è forzata), ma isterico proprio no, non solo la traduzione letterale non è quella ma isterico non è neanche un sinonimo di irascibile che è la traduzione più vicina all'originale e anche la più a adatta al personaggio.There is no uncertainty that keeping your dental and oral wellbeing ideal is an unquestionable requirement. Among the numerous dental and oral medical problems, yellow and recolored teeth appear to even now catch the middle eye.
Stained or yellow teeth can be a consequence of different causes yet doesn’t really mean there is a restorative issue nearby. Until further notice, we should acquaint ourselves with the variables which make the teeth turn yellow in shading, lose shading or change shading.
At the point when the tooth finish is influenced by an outside factor, you could encounter outward recolors. A portion of the primary driver of this might be the eating regimen you are rehearsing, fundamental way of life schedules. For example, overconsumption of liquor, tobacco, wine, and espresso can prompt teeth stains which will in general wait on.
Different nourishments which can add to teeth staining and recoloring incorporate dim chocolate, sauces, organic product juice, balsamic vinegar, and berry natural products.
In contrast to outward recolors, characteristic stains occur inside the tooth dentin or the tissue which makes the tooth what it is. A portion of the elements which can prompt these stains incorporate lacking or inappropriate oral cleanliness, prescriptions, and particularly anti-infection agents. Over every, characteristic stain can be an immediate consequence of endorsed mouthwash arrangements, for example, chlorhexidine gluconate.
Yellow Teeth: Other Causes
Beside the previously mentioned, there are various different variables which can transform white teeth into yellow. A portion of these include:
- Genetics – all things considered, on the off chance that one of your folks or grandparents endured yellow teeth, so will you.
- Smoking – tobacco is particularly unsafe to the teeth, particularly when joined with
- Carbonated and shimmering drinks, including soft drinks, caffeinated beverages, and liquor (champagne).
- Fluorosis, a condition brought about by abundance fluoride coming into contact with the teeth.
- Accidents, where the tooth’s inside was harmed.
- Teeth pounding, which can prompt teeth staining as well as teeth breaking and harm, as well.
Brighten Yellow Teeth Naturally
- Heating pop and Hydrogen Peroxide.
With first outcomes coming in quite a while, blend 1 tablespoon of heating pop and 2 tablespoons of hydrogen peroxide, along these lines making a glue. Utilize this glue to brush the teeth with it for 2-3 minutes. Try not to go over the edge with this glue, as heating soft drink may harm the lacquer.
- Enacted Charcoal.
Incredible for expelling stains, contaminations, and microscopic organisms from the teeth utilize charcoal to brush the teeth for 2 minutes every day. To those with progressively delicate teeth, enacted charcoal can be fairly rough so it may not be a perfect choice for your case.
- Apple Cider Vinegar.
Before utilizing ACV, wash the mouth well. Blend 2 teaspoons of apple juice vinegar into 5 ounces of water and swish with the blend for 20-30 seconds.
- Coconut Oil Pulling.
Ready to evacuate tartar, plaque, and microorganisms from the teeth, gargle 1-2 teaspoons of coconut oil in the mouth for in any event 10 minutes. Similar impacts can be likewise accomplished with sesame oil.
- Water-Rich Fruits.
Organic products containing a lot of water, similar to oranges, watermelon, melon, and grapes can clean the teeth and brighten them appropriately. Simultaneously, these assistance expel nourishment stuck in the teeth and microscopic organisms inside the oral depression.
- Natural product Peels.
Lemon, apple, banana and orange strips are astonishing for brightening the teeth, all because of d-limonene, a wellbeing boosting compound. To get the best impacts, rub a strip of any of these organic products onto the teeth for 2 minutes, trailed by a careful flush which will dispose of natural product caused corrosive in the mouth.
Much like natural product, veggies like carrots and celery can expel microscopic organisms from the mouth and battle yellow teeth stains.
- Brightening Kits.
Extending from $10-$50 per pack, these over-the-counter brightening devices can get you the ideal dying impact.
- Brushing and Flossing.
Both unfathomably imperative to the teeth, brushing, and flossing can anticipate teeth staining. Nitty gritty brushing and covering all surfaces in an unquestionable requirement, trailed by a careful flossing session and a decent mouthwash flush. Ideally, you should brush in any event twice a date, for at any rate two minutes.
- Dental Exams.
Causing customary dental arrangements to can follow the reason for your teeth staining, with your primary care physician having the option to give you accurate guidelines on the best way to keep up the teeth solid.رازهای تبلیغات
● چه نوع تبلیغی موجب فروش میشود؟
وقتی یک آگهی تبلیغاتی را مینویسم، نمیخواهم بگویید که آن را خلاقانه میبینید، بلکه دوست دارم آن را آنقدر جالب بیابید که محصول موردنظر را بخرید. وقتی اسکینیز سخنرانی میکرد، مردم میگفتند: "چقدر خوب سخنرانی میکند"اما وقتی که دموستنس سخنرانی میکرد، آنها میگفتند: "بیاید در برابر فیلیپ بایستیم."
در کتابم با عنوان اعترافات یک مرد تبلیغاتچی که در سال ۱۹۶۳ منتشر شد، داستان چگونگی پیدایش شرکت اگیلوی و ماثر و اصولی را که موفقیت اولیه ما بر آن مبتنی بود بیان کردم. آنچه که زمانی چیزی بیش از یک بوتیک تبلیغاتی مبتکر در نیویورک نبود بعدها تبدیل به یکی از چهار شرکت بزرگ تبلیغاتی در جهان با ۱۴۰ شعبه در ۴۰ کشور جهان شد. اصول ما به نظر کارا بود.
اما من اینک پیرتر از آنم که یک مجلهٔ فرانسوی مرا به عنوان تنها بازمانده از گروه مردانی که به ظن آنها در خدمت انقلاب صنعتی بودهاند در کنار آدام اسمیت، ادیسون، کارل مارکس، راکفلر، فورد و کینز قرار دهد. آیا سن زیاد، از کیفیت کار من برای نوشتن درباره تبلیغات در دنیای امروز میکاهد؟ یا برعکس، این امر به من کمک میکند تا حقایق جاودانی تبلیغات را از روشهای گذرای آن جدا کنم؟
هنگامی که من مغازهام را در سال ۱۹۴۹ در خیابان مدریسون برپا کردم، بر این باور بودم که قبل از بازنشسته شدن من، تحولات عمدهای در عرصه تبلیغات رخ خواهد داد. تا حال، فقط یک تحول را میتوان عمده خواند: تلویزیون به عنوان کاراترین رسانه برای فروش اکثر محصولات پا به میدان گذاشته است.
البته تغییرات دیگری نیز رخ دادهاند و من باید درباره آنها هم توضیح دهم. اما اهمیت آنها از سوی صاحبنظرانی که در جست و جوی شیوههای نوین هستند با اغراق مطرح شده است. برای مثال، مفهوم تصویر نام تجاری که من در سال ۱۹۵۳ آن را به عرصهٔ افکار عمومی کشاندم واقعاً جدید نبود و کلود هاپکینز آن را ۲۰ سال پیشتر مطرح کرده بود.
به همین ترتیب، اصطلاح "انقلاب مبتکرانه"که در دهه پنجاه به بیل بربناخ و خود من نسبت داده میشد به راحتی میتوانست به ان. دبلیو. آیرویانگ و رابیکم در دههٔ سی نسبت داده شود.
در همین حال، بیشتر فنون تبلیغات که در زمان تألیف کتابم "اعترافات یک مرد تبلیغاتچی"مؤثر بود امروز به کار میآیند. مصرفکنندگان هنوز محصولاتی را میخرند که به آنها قول چیز باارزشی در برابر پول؛ زیبابی؛ تغذیه مناسب؛ رهایی از درد؛ موقعیت اجتماعی و امثال آن را میدهند. وضعیت در تمام دنیا همینگونه است.
با چنین اظهارنظری، من خطر مؤاخذه شدن از سوی جاهلانی را که فکر میکنند هر روش تبلیغاتی که بیش از دو سال مورد استفاده قرار گیرد به طور قطعی منسوخ شدنی است، به جان میخرم. آنها از آگهیهای تلویزیونی از نوع برشی از زندگی، نمایشها و نماهای درشت از آدمهای سخنگو (چهرههای حراف) انتقاد میکنند و چشم خود را بر روی حقیقت میبندند که این روشها هنوز زنگ صندوق فروشگاهها را به صدا درمیآورند.
اگر آنها اشعار هوراس را خوانده باشند، خواهند گفت که من آدم کجخلق و غرغرویی هستم که با وجود نرسیدن به بلوغ میخواهم راه و رسم روزگار را ارزیابی کنم و با ایفای نقش یک منتقد، نسل جدید را اصلاح و هدایت کنم!
خب که چی؟ همیشه دیوانههای پرسر و صدایی دور و بر صنعت تبلیغات بودهاند. تجارت متکی به سهام آنها شامل شوخی نژادی، طراحی هنری عجیب و خارج از قاعده، نکوهش تحقیق و ادعای نابغه بودن است. اینان بهندرت معلوم میشوند، چون مجذوب مشتریانی میشوند که گول لفاظیهای آنان را خوردهاند و البته مسئولیت نتایج حاصله در فروش را به عهده نمیگیرند. تلاشهای تبلیغات آنها در مهمانیهای نیویورک، سانفرانسیسکو و لندن موردتوجه قرار نمیگیرند. ولی در شیکاگو کمتر آن را جدی میگیرند.
در روزهایی که من در تلاشها و مبارزات هوشمندانه مجله نیویورکر ورزیده میشدم، قهرمان این گروه بودم، اما وقتی در رشتهٔ تبلیغات در رسانههای جمعی فارغالتحصیل شدم و کتابی نوشتم که در آن ارزش فراوانی برای تحقیق قایل شدم، مایهٔ عذابشان شدم. من خود را با این فکرکه از مجموع آنها بیشتر فروش داشتهام، راحت میکنم.
برخی اوقات به خاطر تحمیل "قواعد"، مورد حمله قرار میگیرم. هیچ چیز فراتر از حقیقت نیست. من از قوانین و مقررات متنفرم. تمامی آنچه که من انجام میدهم گزارش درباره واکنش مصرفکنندگان نسبت به محرکهای مختلف است.
من شاید به این آگهینویس بگویم: "تحقیقات نشان میدهند آگهیهایی که افراد مشهور در آن شرکت میکنند از لحاظ ترغیب مصرفکنندگان به خرید، پایینتر از حد میانگیناند. آیا مطمئنی که میخواهی از یک فرد مشهور استفاده کنی؟ آیا این یک قانون است؟"یا شاید به یک مدیر هنری بگویم: "تحقیقات نشان میدهد که اگر طرح به رنگ مشکی در زمینه سفید باشد نسبت به وقتی که طرح به رنگ سفید در زمینه مشکی قرار میگیرد افراد بیشتری آن را میخوانند"شاید این یک نکتهٔ هشداردهنده و آگهیبخش باشد، ولی به سختی میشود آن را یک قانون خواند.
در انگلستان قرن هجدم، گروهی از ماماها تلاش زیادی در جهت کاهش نرخ مرگ و میر نوزادان و مادران به هنگام وضع حمل نسبت به رقبایشان به عمل آوردند، آنها رازی داشتند که با تعصب از آن مراقبت میکردند؛ تا اینکه یک دانشجوی کنجکاو پزشکی بر بام زایشگاه رفت و از نورگیر، چنگک زایمان (فورسپس) را که اختراع کرده بودند، دید. راز، به نفع ماماها و بیمارهایشان، برملا شده بود.
متخصصان زنان و زایمان امروز اکتشافاتشان را مخفی نمیکنند، بلکه آن را منتشر میکنند. من از همکارانم سپاسگزارم که به من اجازه دادند تا اسرار خود را منتشر کنم. اما باید اضافه کنم که نظریات موردی که بیان شدهاند، الزاماً منعکس کننده نظریات علمی شرکتی نیست که مرا استخدام میکند.
● چه نوع تبلیغی موجب فروش میشود؟
فرض کنید که کارتان را امروز صبح با حضور در بنگاه تبلیغاتی من آغاز کردهاید و در دفتر من لمیدهاید تا توصیههایی را بشنوید. من با توضیحات کلی دربارهٔ چگونگی انجام دادن کارتان شروع خواهم کرد. در فصلهای بعدی دربارهٔ ساختن تبلیغات برای مجلات، روزنامهها، تلویزیون و رادیو توصیههای مشخصتری به شما خواهم کرد.
میخواهم از شما به خاطر ساده کردن بیش از حد برخی موضوعات بسیار پیچیده و همینطور برای تنگنظری در روش خودم و اصرار بر خلاصه کردن، معذرت بخواهم. ما هر دو عجله داریم.
اولین چیزی که باید بگویم این است که شاید شما اهمیت تفاوت بین یک آگهی با دیگری را متوجه نشوید. جان کیپلز، سردمدار آگهیهای پاسخ مستقیم، میگوید: "من یک آگهی را دیدهام که نه دو برابر، نه سه برابر بلکه نوزده و نیم برابر دیگری موجب فروش شد. هر دوی این آگهیها فضای یکسانی را اشغال کرده بودند. هر دو در یک نشریه به چاپ رسیدند. هر دو، مزین به عکس بودند.
برای هر دو متنهای دقیقی نوشته شده بود. تفاوت در این بود که یکی ابزار درست و دیگری ابزار غلطی را به کار گرفته بود".
تبلیغات غلط میتواند عملاً میزان فروش یک محصول را کاهش دهد. شنیدهام که جرج هیبراون، که زمانی رئیس تحقیقات بازاریابی در شرکت فورد بود، آگهیهایی را به طور یکی در میان در مجله ریدرزدایجست به چاپ رساند. در پایان سال، کسانی که آگهی را ندیده بودند نسبت به کسانی که دیده بودند اتومبیلهای فورد بیشتری خریداری کردند.
در یک تحقیق دیگر معلوم شد که مصرف یک نوشیدنی خاص در میان افرادی که آگهی آن را در یاد داشتند کمتر از افرادی بود که آن را فراموش کرده بودند. تولیدکننده نوشابه میلیونها دلار صرف تبلیغاتی کرده بود که باعث فروش نرفتن آن میشد.
من گاهی شگفتزده میشوم که گویی توطئهای تلویحی بین مشتریان، مطبوعات و بنگاههای تبلیغاتی در جریان است تا از چنین تجربهها و آزمونهای جانانهای دوری کنند.
همه افراد درگیر در امر تبلیغات، سهم معینی در تداوم این افسانه دارند که همه آگهیهای تبلیغاتی، فروش را به نحوی بالا میبرند، اما اینطور نیست!
من تبلیغات را نه به عنوان سرگرمی یا نوعی هنر، بلکه به عنوان یک اطلاعرسانی میبینمHome > Venezuelan Independence... Manifesto of Caracas...
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Venezuelan Independence... Manifesto of Caracas...
Item # 652399
October 19, 1811
(2 issue set) NILES' WEEKLY REGISTER, Baltimore, Oct. 19 & 26, 1811 This two issue set, under the heading "A Manifesto," has nearly 10 pages dedicated to the Manifesto of Caracas, and related details. The coverage begins: "By the confederation of Venezuela, in South America, of the reason which influenced them in the formation of an ABSOLUTE INDEPENDENCE of Spain, and every other foreign power. Drawn up and ordered to be published by the General Congress of the United Provinces." It continues: "America, for more than three centuries condemned to hold an existence only as subservient to the political preponderance of Spain... the victim of confusion, corruption and conquest... that the moment had arrived when they should labor to reap the fruits of three hundred years of inactivity and patience." See images for additional details.
Other news of the day is found throughout.
Both issues are complete in sixteen pages, approximately 6 1/4 by 9 1/2 inches, even toning with scattered foxing, in very good condition.
This small size newspaper began in 1811 and was a prime source for national political news of the first half of the 19th century. As noted in Wikipedia, this title: "...(was) one of the most widely-circulated magazines in the United States...Devoted primarily to politics...considered an important source for the history of the period."
Category: Pre-Civil Warعملیات اجرایی ساخت ۱۱۰ هزار واحد مسکونی طرح اقدام ملی تولید مسکن با دستور رئیس جمهوری آغاز شد.
حجت الاسلام و المسلمین دکتر حسن روحانی روز سه شنبه همزمان با هفته دولت با حضور در محل اجرای عملیات ملی طرح اقدام ملی تولید مسکن در تهران(منطقه تهرانسر)، فرمان آغاز عملیات اجرایی ساخت ۱۱۰ هزار واحد مسکونی طرح اقدام ملی تولید مسکن را صادر کرد.
رئیس جمهوری در این مراسم با توضیح وزیر راه و شهرسازی و مدیران اجرای این طرح ملی در جریان روند برنامه ریزی ها و اجرای طرح در سراسر کشور قرار گرفت.
براساس گزارش مسئولان ساخت ۱۵۰۰ واحد مسکونی در تهرانسر، با حدود ۱۰ هزار میلیارد ریال سرمایه گذاری، برای ۲۷۵۰ نفر به طور مستقیم و ۱۷۰۰ نفر به صورت غیر مستقیم اشتغالزایی دارد.
طرح اقدام ملی تولید مسکن براساس دستور رئیس جمهور به همه دستگاههای کشور مبنی براینکه باید همه زمین های مازاد در اختیار وزارت راه و شهرسازی برای تولید مسکن واگذار شود، با هدف بسترسازی و فراهم آوردن زمینه رونق تولید در حوزه مسکن و ساختمان و جبران تولید عقب ماندگی سال های گذشته برنامه ریزی و اجرا شده است.
رونق اقتصادی، ایجاد و افزایش اشتغال در بخش های مرتبط از جمله صنعت، تولید و خدمات از دیگر اهداف اجرای این طرح در کشور است.
قرار است رئیس جمهوری در ارتباط ویدیویی با استانداران خراسان رضوی، خراسان جنوبی، اصفهان، هرمزگان و چهارمحال و بختیاری نیز فرمان آغاز عملیات اجرایی طرح اقدام ملی مسکن را در این پنج استان صادر کند.
در این مراسم همچنین با دستور روحانی، پروژه های اقتصادی استان تهران در بخشهای مختلف وزارتخانه های ورزش و جوانان، صنعت، معدن و تجارت و سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری افتتاح می شود.
رئیس جمهوری در این مراسم در ارتباط تصویری با استاندار خراسان رضوی ضمن قدردانی از مسئولان این استان گفت: از آغاز طرح تولید مسکن با بیش از ۵ هزار واحد مسکونی و آماده سازی زمین برای ١٧ هزار واحد دیگر
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s college , Science college, Patna Medical College etc.
The people of Bihar nurture their literary flair with lots of enthusiasm. Marvelous literary works were produced by literauts like Shiva Pujan Sahay, Divakar Prasad Vidyarthy, Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar', Ram Briksha Benipuri, and Phanishwar Nath 'Renu' . The famous Bengali writer Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay, too resided in the Bihar province. Moreover the contemporary Indian English of India, namely, Upamanyu Chatterjee also heralds from Patna, the capital city of Bihar. Mythological novels like Chandrakanta and Chandrakanta Santai are exponents of Bihar and it was written by a legend from Bihar, Devaki Nandan Khatri of the early 20th century. Maithli is the home town of the great poet, Vidyapathi . His contribution in the literary works of Bihar is un deniable.جنگها همیشه محل ظهور نخبگان و نوابغ بودهاند؛ مارشال گئورکی ژوکوف در شوروی، ژنرال اروین رومل در آلمان، ژنرال دو گل در فرانسه، ژنرال برنارد مونتگومری در انگلستان و ژنرال جورج پتن درامریکا ازجمله نوابغ نظامی هستند که در سنین جوانی با شرکت در جنگ جهانی اول تجربه کسب کردند و در جنگ جهانی دوم شناخته شدند و اسمشان بر سر زبانها افتاد.میانگین سن آنها درشروع جنگ جهانی دوم پنجاه سال بود که ژوکف با 45 سال و مونتگومری با 54 سال، پایینترین و بالاترین سن را داشتند. مرگ همگی آنها خارج از صحنه جنگ و میانگین عمرشان 75 سال بود. اگرچه روش مونتگوری برای دور زدن دشمن، نوآوری در طراحی نظامی مارشال ژوکوف، پافشاری ژنرال پتن برشناسایی بسیار دقیق و مطمئن صحنه جنگ و بزرگمنشی و خوشرفتاری با زیردستان و اسیران جنگی مارشال رومل شباهت زیادی با رفتار و تدابیر جنگی حسن باقری دارد. تفاوت مهم ژنرال حسن باقری با ژنرالهای دیگر جوان بودن اوست؛ موضوعی که انگیزه نوشتن این کتاب شد.Tuesday on the The Diane Rehm Show
Publicity photo of Nikola Tesla sitting in his laboratory in Colorado Springs in December 1899. Tesla's notes identify the photo as a double exposure. Photo by Dickenson V. Alley of Century Magazine. (Wikimedia Commons)
Nikola Tesla played a powerful role in the electrical revolution that transformed life at the turn of the 20th century. Born to a Serbian family in Croatia, he studied engineering in Austria before immigrating to America in 1884. He arrived penniless in New York, and within a decade, rivaled Thomas Edison as a celebrity scientist. His inventions, patents and theoretical work formed the basis of modern AC electricity, and contributed to the development of radio and wireless communication. A new biography draws on original papers from Tesla’s private and public life to examine what, why and how he invented
Weekdays 9-11 a.m. on NPR 89.1 FM/1550 AM.
The Diane Rehm Show.
Weekday mornings from 9-11 a.m. on NPR 89.1 FM/1550 AMThis week's element is lanthanum, which has the symbol, La, and the atomic number 57. Lanthanum is the prototype for the series of very similar elements known as the Lanthanides, and they are rare earth metals. However, despite that label, lanthanum is not rare at all, comprising 32 ppm in Earth's crust. But lanthanum retains its rare earth metal classification because it is expensive to mine and it's a pain in the arse to purify. This is the reason that it took 84 years to purify lanthanum after it was first discovered in 1839.
As you can see in the above image, lanthanum is a silvery white metal. It is soft and ductile and its crystalline structure varies with temperature. Lanthanum oxidises quickly so a 1cm piece, such as that pictured above, will completely oxidise in one year.
Lanthanum compounds have a number of commercial applications. As a photographer and birder, perhaps my favourite use is as an additive for making special optical lenses for cameras and telescopes because its high refractive index and low light dispersion improves light and image quality. These are the reasons that Hollywood used lanthanum for studio lighting and projection, although I think lanthanum-based lighting has been replaced with cheaper alternatives these days.
Lanthanum soaks up hydrogen like a sponge soaks up water, hence, it's used as a "hydrogen sponge". You may recall that hydrogen is highly explosive, but this isn't the case when it's absorbed by lanthanum. This technology has received a lot of attention recently because it is a safe way to "mop up" store large amounts of hydrogen and hydrogen isotopes, such as tritium, which is a byproduct of nuclear reactions. Further, this process is reversible: lanthanum releases hydrogen -- and energy in the form of heat, making this the basis for a number of energy-conservation and fuel cell technologies. For example, this technology is the basis for the rechargeable battery industry that is relied upon to power all sorts of modern electrical gadgets, from your smart phones and laptops to hybrid cars.
If you have ever cared for pools and spas, as I did whilst attending university, then you may be aware that small amounts of lanthanum are added to some pool care products to bind and thereby remove dissolved phosphates that algae need to grow, thereby uglifying your pool or spa and increasing your workload. Lanthanum's attraction to phosphates is also a quality used by medicine: lanthanum carbonate (La2(CO3)3) is used as a medication to reduce the symptoms of renal failure because it binds strongly to toxic phosphates, so the body can get rid of them.
Another interesting feature of lanthanum is its ions are the same size as calcium atoms. Even though lanthanum is typically a trivalent ion, La3+, whilst calcium is divalent, apparently size matters most for many receptor proteins. Thus, receptor proteins that bind calcium will often bind lanthanum, too. Since lanthanum is rare in living beings, it is easier to track than is calcium, which is common, so researchers can substitute lanthanum for calcium in their receptor studies.
Here are our favourite chemists telling us a little more about the qualities and uses of lanthanum:
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Video journalist Brady Haran is the man with the camera and the University of Nottingham is the place with the chemists. You can follow Brady on twitter @periodicvideos and the University of Nottingham on twitter @UniofNottingham
You've already met these elements:
Barium: Ba, atomic number 56
Cæsium: Cs, atomic number 55
Xenon: Xe, atomic number 54
Iodine: I, atomic number 53
Tellurium: Te, atomic number 52
Antimony: Sb, atomic number 51
Tin: Sn, atomic number 50
Indium: In, atomic number 49
Cadmium: Cd, atomic number 48
Silver: Ag, atomic number 47
Palladium: Pd, atomic number 46
Rhodium: Rh, atomic number 45
Ruthenium: Ru, atomic number 44
Technetium: Tc, atomic number 43
Molybdenum: Mo, atomic number 42
Niobium: Ni, atomic number 41
Zirconium: Zr, atomic number 40
Yttrium: Y, atomic number 39
Strontium: Sr, atomic number 38
Rubidium: Rr, atomic number 37
Krypton: Kr, atomic number 36
Bromine: Br, atomic number 35
Selenium: Se, atomic number 34
Arsenic: As, atomic number 33
Germanium: Ge, atomic number 32
Gallium: Ga, atomic number 31
Zinc: Zn, atomic number 30
Copper: Cu, atomic number 29
Nickel: Ni, atomic number 28
Cobalt: Co, atomic number 27
Iron: Fe, atomic number 26
Manganese: Mn, atomic number 25
Chromium: Cr, atomic number 24
Vanadium: V, atomic number 23
Titanium: Ti, atomic number 22
Scandium: Sc, atomic number 21
Calcium: Ca, atomic number 20
Potassium: K, atomic number 19
Argon: Ar, atomic number 18
Chlorine: Cl, atomic number 17
Sulfur: S, atomic number 16
Phosphorus: P, atomic number 15
Silicon: Si, atomic number 14
Aluminium: Al, atomic number 13
Magnesium: Mg, atomic number 12
Sodium: Na, atomic number 11
Neon: Ne, atomic number 10
Fluorine: F, atomic number 9
Oxygen: O, atomic number 8
Nitrogen: N, atomic number 7
Carbon: C, atomic number 6
Boron: B, atomic number 5
Beryllium: Be, atomic number 4
Lithium: Li, atomic number 3
Helium: He, atomic number 2
Hydrogen: H, atomic number 1
Here's the Royal Society of Chemistry's interactive Periodic Table of the Elements that is just really really fun to play with!
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Burası şehrin en kalabalık ve ana caddesi olan Rustaveli Caddesi. Buradan devam ederek şehrin tarihi semti olan eski Tiflis'e varıyorsunuz. Yol üzerinde çokça halen kullanılan tarihi kiliseler, resmi ve sivil binalar var.
Özgürlük Meydanı, Rustaveli Caddesi'nin bitiminde yer alıyor. Burası uzun zamandır toplu gösterilerin ve kutlamaların yapıldığı meydanmış. Bağımsızlığın burada kazanılmasından dolayı ismi de öyle kalmış. Etrafında metro, belediye binası, oteller ve banklar bulabiirsiniz
Evlerin yukarısında Narikala Kalesi ve Gürcistan'ın Annesi Kartlis Deda var. Kartlis Deda heykelinin tuttuğu kılıç Gürcistan'ın düşmanları için, diğer elinde tuttuğu şarap ise dostları içinmiş
Eski Tiflis olarak adlandırılan tarihi şehir merkezinin, Narikala Kalesi'nden şehrin tepesinde bulunan lunaparka doğru giderken yol üzerindeki kuşbakışı görünümü...
Kafkasya'nın en büyük, dünyanın da en büyük üçüncü Ortodoks katedrali de şehir merkezinde bulunuyor. İçerisi oldukça gösterişli. Biz oradayken içeride ibadet edenlerden çok turist vardı.
Burası Özgürlük Meydanı ile birlikte şehirin ana iki meydanından biri. Burada diğeri gibi resmi binalar değil; daha çok kafeler, sinemalar ve restoranlar bulunuyor. Rustaveli Caddesi'nin diğer ucu da bu meydana yaklaşık 250 metre.
Tüm Gürcistan'da olduğu gibi burada da ara sokaklar tarihi evlerle dolu. Tiflis belediyesi bu binalarda oturma izni vermiş ama çoğu yerde çivi çakmak bile yasak. Bu yüzden içlerinde yerleşim olan bir çok evin penceresinde camı yok, o yüzden şehir daha çok yeni yerleşim yerlerine doğru kayıyor.
Tiflis'te ara sokaklarda amatör veya profesyonel sanat çalışmalarına denk gelebilirsiniz. Devletin de desteği sayesinde sanatsal etkinlikler oldukça aktif.آغاز عملیات اجرایی و افتتاح ۸ پروژه بزرگ و ۴۰ طرح کوچک صنعت برق
با حضور وزیر نیرو، عملیات اجرایی ۳ پروژه بزرگ صنعت برق در حوزه انتقال و فوق توزیع آغاز و ۵ پروژه عظیم و ۴۰ پروژه کوچک توزیع نیز مورد بهره برداری قرار خواهد گرفت.
طبق اعلام شرکت مادرتخصصی توانیر، فردا (شنبه ۱۳ مهرماه جاری) همزمان با حضور رضا اردکانیان، وزیر نیرو، عملیات اجرایی ۳ پروژه بزرگ صنعت برق آغاز و ۵ پروژه عظیم در سطح انتقال و فوق توزیع نیز در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد مورد بهره برداری قرار خواهد گرفت.
این درحالی است که در کنار این پروژه ها، ۴۰طرح حوزه توزیع برق نیز وجود دارد که همزمان مورد بهره برداری قرار خواهد گرفت.
براساس این گزارش، وزیر نیرو در این سفر ضمن بازدید از پروژه خط و پست ۱۳۲ کیلووت بهمئی، عملیات اجرایی فاز دوم پست ۱۳۲ کیلوولت دژکوه، فاز دوم پست ۱۳۲ کیلوولت چرام و خط ۲۳۰ کیلوولت نیروگاه چم شیر آغاز خواهد شد.
همچنین در این سفر فاز نخست پست ۱۳۲ کیلوولت چرام، پست های ۱۳۲ کیلوولت مختار و دنا و پست ۲۳۰ کیلوولت ساران مورد بهره برداری قرار می گیرد.
برپایه این گزارش، در سفر وزیر نیرو به استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد ۴۰ پروژه توزیع نیروی برق شامل ۷ پروژه توسعه و احداث شرکت برق شهری، ۹ پروژه توسعه و احداث شبکه برق روستایی، ۲ طرح اصلاح و بهینه سازی شبکه برق شهری، ۱۰ پروژه اصلاح و بهینه سازی شبکه برق روستایی و ۱۲ پروژه برقرسانی روستایی نیز افتتاح خواهد شد./ تسنیم
م/۹۸Chernoye More 4 yıldızlı bir oteldir ve Potemkin Steps, Chernomorets Stadium, Kinomuseum‘a birkaç adım uzaklıkta işlevsel konaklama imkanı sağlar.
Merkezinde Odessa şehrinde Potemkin Steps, Chernomorets Stadium, Kinomuseum‘a çabuk erişimi sağlar. 5 dakikalık yürüyüşle Saint Panteleimon Monastery, Odessa Philharmonic Theatre, The Municipal O.Bleschunov Museum of Private Collections‘a varabilirsiniz.
Otel marketlere, restoranlara çabuk erişim sağlar.
Odessa International Havaalanı'na arabayla 10 dakika uzaklıktadır.
Odalar
Bu mekanda televizyonlu, minibarlı, klimalı, telefonlu Tek Kişilik Superior Oda, İki Yataklı Oda da dâhil olmak üzere 205 oda vardır. Bir duşlu, küvetli banyoları vardır.
Yemek ve içecek
Restoranda Avrupa yemekleri servis edilir. Geniş dinlenme salonu barda Wi-Fi, açık ateş vardır.
Bol Kahvaltı servis edilir ve ücrete tabidir.
Hizmetler
Konuklar park, kuaför, asansör ve bir fakstan, iş merkezinden, printerlerden faydalanabilecektir.
Dinlenme
Konuklar tesiste yüzme havuzunu, kokteyl salonunu bulabilir ve bir saunadan, solaryumdan, güzellik tedavilerinden yararlanabilir.
İnternet
Kablosuz internet tüm otel'de mevcut ve ücretsiz.
Otopark
Herkese açık otel park olanağı tesis içinde UAH 50 günlüğü mevcuttur.
Yılında yenilendi: 2012.
Kat sayısı: 11.
Oda sayısı: 177.Al-Khalil (Hebron) – InfoPal. Bande di coloni ebrei hanno distrutto alberi da frutto nella cittadina di Halhoul, nel nord di Hebron, avvelenandoli con sostanze tossiche.
Parallelamente, le forze di occupazione hanno impedito l’arrivo dei vigili del fuoco palestinesi per spegnere un incendio nel sud della provincia.
Fonti della sicurezza palestinese hanno reso noto che i coloni dell’insediamento di “Karmi Tsur” hanno irrorato di sostanze tossiche alberi di ulivo, viti e mandorli di Halhoul, causando la distruzione di decine di piante per un’estensione di 15 ettari di terreno.
E hanno aggiunto che l’esercito di occupazione ha proibito alle squadre della protezione civile palestinese di raggiungere il villaggio di at-Tabaqa, per spegnere un incendio.
Le forze israeliane hanno anche fatto irruzione in diversi sobborghi della città di Hebron e nei villaggi di Dura, Nuba e Udhna’, e hanno eretto posti di blocco militari agli ingressi, controllato i documenti e ispezionato i veicoli in transito.What is Roaming?
WLAN testing FAQ
(Continued from previous question...)
What is Roaming?
The ability of a wireless client to communicate through the wireless LAN is based on its association with an Access Point (AP) which serves as the gateway for a connection to other wireless or wired devices. As long as the signal quality received by the wireless client remains unchanged, the client will continue to communicate through the same AP. As the client moves away from the AP, or as changes occur in the physical medium between the client and the AP (e.g. an office environment in which a door is being closed or a file cabinet is being moved) and the signal quality degrades, the AP steps down the transmission speed (also known as rate adaptation) to maintain the connection. The client can measure the signal quality from all the APs servicing its area by utilizing the Beacon Frames generated by the APs. At some point the quality of the link will degrade significantly and the client will be forced to use a different AP for continued connection. This process is called ROAMING. When a wireless client moves to a different AP, re-authentication is required by the AP.
The 802.11i security standard, ratified in June 2004, adds a few provisions that allow for seamless transition between APs without the need for complete re-authentication, while maintaining a secure connection.
The first provision, known as Pair-wise Master Key (PMK) Caching, allows the client to store a master key with the AP, and in the case the client roams away from the AP, and back again, that same key will be used by the AP, making it unnecessary to re-authenticate.
A second provision allows for advance authentication, or “pre-authentication”. This enables a client to authenticate with one AP, and use a wired network to convey the authentication to another AP, thus pre-authenticating with the second AP before actually coming into its range.
(Continued on next question...)
Other Interview QuestionsKnowledge and Content
The children will learn to identify a variety of common garden and wild plants. They will find out the difference between deciduous and
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教皇敦促匈牙利对有需要的局外人更加开放
弗朗西斯在匈牙利的短暂停留突显了他与反移民欧尔班的分歧，欧尔班是他的政治对立面。
弗朗西斯在布达佩斯市中心为成千上万人举行的教会大会闭幕时，用十字架的形象表明，像宗教信仰这样根深蒂固的事物并不排除欢迎态度。
他在弥撒结束后的讲话中说：“十字架，种在地上，不仅邀请我们扎根，也向每个人举起双臂。”
奥尔班在露天弥撒结束时说：“十字架敦促我们坚定自己的根基，但不要防御；从泉源中汲取灵感，向我们这个时代的男人和女人的口渴敞开心扉。”和他的妻子一起参加。
教宗说：“我的愿望是你像那样：脚踏实地、开放、扎根和体贴。”
弗朗西斯经常谴责他所认为的民族主义和民粹主义运动的死灰复燃，并呼吁欧洲团结，并批评那些试图通过单边或孤立主义行动解决移民危机的国家。
相比之下，欧尔班上周在斯洛文尼亚的布莱德战略论坛上表示，解决移民问题的唯一办法是欧盟“将所有权利还给民族国家”。
教皇呼吁欢迎和融入移民，以应对他所谓的欧洲“人口冬天”。 奥尔班在斯洛文尼亚说，今天的移民“都是穆斯林”，只有“传统的基督教家庭政策才能帮助我们摆脱人口危机。”
84 岁的弗朗西斯在布达佩斯只待了大约 XNUMX 个小时，他在访问开始时会见了欧尔班和总统亚诺斯·阿德。
梵蒂冈表示，梵蒂冈两位顶级外交官和一位匈牙利红衣主教也出席了会议，会议持续了约40分钟，气氛融洽。
“我请求教皇方济各不要让基督徒匈牙利灭亡，”奥尔班在 Facebook 上说。 匈牙利通讯社 MTI 称，欧尔班给了弗朗西斯一份 13 世纪国王贝拉四世寄给教皇英诺森四世的一封信的传真件，请求帮助他们与鞑靼人作战。
周日晚些时候，弗朗西斯抵达斯洛伐克，他将在那里逗留更长时间，在周三返回罗马之前访问了四个城市。
他在布达佩斯逗留的短暂时间促使外交官和天主教媒体暗示教皇正在优先考虑斯洛伐克，实际上是在冷落匈牙利。 更多信息.
梵蒂冈称布达佩斯之行是一次“精神朝圣”。 奥尔班的办公室表示，将其与斯洛伐克的腿进行比较将“具有误导性”。
这是教皇自 XNUMX 月接受大手术以来的首次访问。 弗朗西斯在带他去布达佩斯的飞机上告诉记者，他“感觉很好”。
分享此文章：For more information on teaching reading strategies and balanced literacy at the Intermediate Level, visit us at http://balancedliteracy.ca.
“If there is one single task that stands up better than any other observation task, it is the running record of text reading. This is a neutral observation task, capable of use in any system of reading, and recording progress on whatever gradient of text difficulty has been adopted by the education system.”
(M. Clay, 1993, An Observation Survey)
“Most assessment systems are out of balance, with standardized tests dominating. …no single assessment can meet everyone’s information needs… To maximize student success, assessment must be seen as an instructional tool for use while learning is occurring and as an accountability tool to determine if learning has occurred. Because both purposes are important, they must be in balance.”
(National Education Association of the United States, 2003, Balanced Assessment)
If standardized assessments are driven by the politics of accountability to “document the achievement status” of individual students or student groups at a particular point in time, then classroom assessments must serve a different purpose to provide balance.
Assessment for Learning is the notion that effective classroom assessments can increase that achievement by using its results to “support each student’s specific learning, regardless of where the student falls along an achievement continuum” (NEA, 2003, p6).
A Running Record (or modified miscue analysis) is when a student reads out loud and the teacher records every error made on a duplicate copy of the text. It is an important assessment tool for several reasons:
- First, it allows the teacher to identify an appropriate reading level for the student.
- Second, it reveals how well a student is self-monitoring their reading.
- Finally, it identifies which reading strategies a student is using (or not using).
Running Records allow teachers to run an assessment-driven, differentiated program that targets the specific needs of their students.
What are Running Records?
- Goodman (1969) introduced the idea of miscues as more than just “oral reading errors”, but a way to understand children’s existing reading strategies and to help them learn more effective new strategies. Goodman’s miscue analysis required a technical knowledge of linguistic concepts and long subsequent analysis.
- A Running Record is a teacher adaptation to run a miscue analysis in the busy reality of the classroom (Clay, 1985). PM Benchmarks is an example of a commercial resource that offers a graduated level of reading texts to use for running records. Although primarily designed and used with young children, a running record can provide important information for the Intermediate teacher.
Informal Reading Inventories
- Robb (2000) argues that running records are appropriate for students “who are at the emergent and beginning stages of reading” or read with poor fluency, but recommends using a reading inventory to complete a modified miscue analyis of intermediate students’ oral reading.
- Informal Reading Inventories are similar to running records. They consist of graded word lists (to determine sight vocabulary – Word Recognition) and graded story passages (to determine literal and inferential comprehension – Comprehension.)
Informal Reading Inventories are typically given to all students in the fall and again in the Spring if possible to note growth and change (Cohen & Wiener, 2003). In comparison, Running Records are administered more frequently to guide instruction.
Why we use this tool (Theoretical Background)
Psychologist Lev Vygotsky (Mind in Society, 1978) coined the term “zone of proximal development” as the level of difficulty between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with support.
- Students working below the zone will not learn as much because the work is too easy.
- Students working above the zone will not benefit as much because the text is too hard. “When the text is too hard, comprehension is simply impossible.” (Fountas & Pinnell, 1996b, p156)
- Students working in the zone will experience the most growth because they are working at the cutting edge of their zone of learning. (Au, Carroll & Scheu, 1997)
The goal is to have students reading in the zone. A running record / miscue analysis allows us to identify what level students are reading at in order to have students reading texts that are just right.
How this tool helps with Instructional Decisions
Running Records allows teachers to make data-based decisions to guide whole-class instruction (using modeled or shared reading), small-group instruction (guided reading), and to ensure students are reading appropriately challenging texts during independent reading.
Miscue analysis allows you to run a targeted and differentiated program:
- Identify particular difficulties that a student might be having. (Assessment for Learning)
- Aid in the creation of homogeneous guided reading groups. (Differentiated instruction)
- Monitor the progress of a student.
- Allow different students to move at different speeds. (Differentiated growth)
- Provides assessment and evaluation data for reporting purposes.
How we use this tool
Both the teacher and the student have a copy of a levelled text. As the student reads out loud, the teacher makes notes on their copy of the text. Every error is recorded and a standardized set of conventions are used to record miscues. Questions are usually asked at the end to gauge comprehension. A miscue analysis should take about 10 minutes. (See appendix for instructions.)
Text samples are typically between 100 to 200 words. It is suggested that a student read from several different levels of texts: an easy text (95-100% correct), an instructional text (90-94% correct), and a hard text (80-89% correct). These three samples can provide insights into a students’ strengths (using easier texts) and weaknesses (using more difficult texts) (Clay, 1985).
A miscue analysis can determine the level of text the student should be reading, whether they are self-monitoring when they read, and they kinds of decoding strategies they use.
1. Identify an appropriate reading level (Accuracy Rate)
Miscues (word reversals, substitutions, extra words, rpetitions, or omissions) are counted as errors. If the student self-corrects the mistake, it is not counted as an error. Accuracy is calculated using the following formula:
Reading level is determined using the following guideline: Independent Level (95% or more), Instructional Level (90% to 94%) and Too Difficult (Below 90%). If a student can decode a text, but not answer the comprehension questions, an easier levelled text is used until the student comprehends.
In comparison, when conducting an informal reading inventory, the following levels are used:
Informal Reading Inventory
(spelling word list)
95% or more
90% to 94%
2. Identify how well a student is self monitoring while reading (Self Correction Rate)
Calculate the self-correction rate using the following formula:
Self correction rates vary depending on the text difficulty, error rate, accuracy and with effort:
- A self correction rate of 1:3 to 1:5 errors is good, but a self correction rate of 1 in 20 errors (1:20) is a very low rate.
- A student who is making errors, but is unaware of the errors is not aware of reading cues, or does not know how to use them, or does not try to solve the problem.
- If a student is unsuccessful in self-correction, they need to work on decoding strategies (i.e. Go back to the beginning, Does that make sense, Sound it out, etc)
3. Identify which reading strategies a student is using (or not using)
Look at the types of errors made to determine which cueing system the reader is (not) using. Record the following letters beside each error or self-correction: M – meaning (semantic cues), S – syntax (grammar cues) or V – visual (phonic cues).
- Meaning errors are when the student has substituted in another word that looks similar to the correct word and is grammatically correct, but doesn’t make sense in the context of the text.
- Syntax errors are when the word substituted in makes sense and looks similar to the correct word, but doesn’t sound right (grammatically incorrect).
- Visual errors are when the word substituted in makes sense (meaning) and is grammatically correct (syntax), but perhaps starts with a different letter.
- If you write M S V alongside each error or self-correction and circle the cues you think the child used, the uncircled letters will then show the cues neglected.” (Clay, 1985, p21)
For example, Matt is writing a – - – -.
- Goat (makes no sense) – Meaning error
- Lied (lied is a verb and it should be a noun) – Grammar error
If the sentence was, Matt is writing a p – - -.
- Book (makes sense, grammatically correct, but visually incorrect because the student didn’t use the first-letter cue of p) – Visual error (Pressley, 2002, p24)
Challenges faced in classroom implementation
- The challenge in the intermediate classroom is to build time during the literacy block to do a running record / miscue analysis. Students need to be trained to do other things to buy the teacher time to do miscue analysis or guided reading groups.
- A larger challenge is finding resources that can be used at the intermediate level. PM benchmarks can be used for students who are significantly below grade level, however, teachers may end up making their own running record texts by selecting 100-200 words from a levelled text. Finding high-interest levelled texts for intermediate students is a challenge.
- Finally, there is a learning curve associated with using this assessment tool. Accuracy in catching errors will improve over time. Clay notes that “as your ear becomes tuned-in to reading behaviours and you gain control over the recording conventions, your records will become more and more reliable.” (Clay 1993, p.24 as cited in Cohen & Wiener, 2003, p 127)
Professional Learning Communities can provide a forum where teachers can discuss challenges in implementing modified miscue analysis, identify observed strengths and deficencies in reading strategies, and address a division or school wide plan of action to provide the student population with strategies to struggle through any text.
Clay, M. (1985). The Diagnostic Survey. In The Early Detection of Reading Difficulties: Third Edition. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann. Pp 16-22.
Cohen, J. & Wiener, R. (2003). Using the Literacy Portfolio to Assess and Guide Reading Development. In Literacy Portfolios: Improving Assessment, Teaching and Learning. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Pp. 115-144.
Fountas, I & Pinnell, S. (1996a). Teaching for Strategies. In Guided Reading: Good First Teaching for All Children. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, pp. 149-162.
Fountas, I. & Pinnell, G.S. (1996b). Understanding Guided Reading. In Guiding Readers and Writers Grade 3-6: Teaching Comprehension, Genre & Content Literacy. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, pp. 190-205.
Goodman, K. (1960). Analysis of oral reading miscues: Applied psycholinguistics. Reading Research Quarterly, 5, 9-30 as cited in Au, K.A., Carroll, J.H. & Scheu, J.A. (1997). The impact of Dorothy Strickland, Lev Vygotsky, Ken Goodman, and Luis Moll in Balanced Literacy Instruction: A Teacher’s Resource Book. Norwood, MS: Christopher-Gordon Publishers. Pp.10-23.
National Education Association of the United States (2003). Balanced Assessment: The Key to Accountability and Improved Student Learning. Portland, OR. Pp 1-16.
Pressley, M. (2002). Whole Language. In Reading Instruction That Works: The Case for Balanced Teaching. New York: Guilford Press. Pp. 15-44.
Robb, L. (2000). What Teachers Need to Know about Grouping. In Teaching Reading In Middle School. Toronto: Scholastic, pp, 205-212.از ابتدای دولت یازدهم تاکنون و به ویژه پس از برجام تا ابتدای مهر ماه سال جاری طرحهای مختلفی در قالب سرمایهگذاریهای خارجی به تصویب رسیده و یا مدنظر قرار گرفته که بخش قابل توجهی از آن به صنعت، معدن و تجارت اختصاص دارد.
از ابتدای دولت یازدهم تاکنون و به ویژه پس از برجام تا ابتدای مهر ماه سال جاری طرحهای مختلفی در قالب سرمایهگذاری های خارجی به تصویب رسیده و یا مدنظر قرار گرفته که بخش قابل توجهی از آن به صنعت، معدن اختصاص دارد.
به گزارش گروه صنعت، معدن و تجارت ویکی پی جی به نقل از ایسنا، یکی از بخشهای قابل توجه در جذب سرمایهگذاری خارجی حوزه صنعت، معدن و تجارت است، بخشهایی که شاید قبل از برجام امید چندانی به رشد و پویایی آنها با توجه به شرایطی که در دولت نهم و دهم تجربه کرده بودند وجود نداشت اما با موفق بودن روند مذاکرات خارجی ایران با کشورهای ۱+۵ مجددا بارقههای امید به منظور رونق آنها شکل گرفت تا بتوان تولید کشور را به ویژه در حوزه صنعت و معدن توسعه بخشید.
حجم سرمایهگذاری خارجی از ابتدای دولت یازدهم تاکنون
از ابتدای فعالیت دولت اول حسن روحانی (شهریور ماه ۱۳۹۲) تاکنون ۲۱۴ طرح با حجم سرمایهگذاری خارجی هشت میلیارد و ۸۴۰ میلیون دلار در بخش صنعت، معدن و تجارت مورد تصویب هیات سرمایهگذاری خارجی قرار گرفته که ۹۴ طرح آن اجرا، راهاندازی و به بهرهبرداری رسیده و ۱۲۰ طرح دیگر در مرحله اجرایی قرار دارد.
پس از برجام تاکنون
باید خاطرنشان کرد که پس از برجام (۲۵ دی ماه ۱۳۹۴) و تا پایان نیمه اول مهرماه سال جاری ۱۲۰ طرح با حجم سرمایهگذاری هفت میلیارد و ۳۹۰ میلیون دلار مورد تصویب هیات سرمایهگذاری خارجی قرار گرفته که ۴۵ طرح آن به بهرهبرداری رسیده و ۷۵ طرح دیگر در مرحله اجرایی قرار دارد.
دولت یازدهم
علاوه بر این در دولت یازدهم ۱۹۶ طرح با میزان سرمایهگذاری خارجی هفت میلیارد و ۷۴۰ میلیون دلار در بخش صنعت، معدن و تجارت مصوب شد که ۸۹ طرح آن به بهرهبرداری رسید و ۱۰۷ طرح دیگر نیز در دست اجراست.
از ابتدای دولت دوازدهم تاکنون
از سوی دیگر از ابتدای دولت دوازدهم تاکنون ۱۸ طرح با میزان سرمایهگذاری خارجی بیش از یک میلیارد دلار به تصویب رسید که پنج طرح آن مورد بهرهبرداری قرار گرفته و ۱۳ طرح آن در حال اجراست.
حجم سرمایهگذاری خارجی در کلان اقتصادی کشور (۱۳۹۲ تاکنون)by National Gardening Association Editors
This disease occurs over most of the United States. It affects cucumbers and muskmelons and, less commonly, pumpkins and squash. Individual leaves wilt during the heat of the day, but recover overnight initially. As the disease progresses, part or all of the vine wilts and dies. To test for the disease, cut a wilted stem near the base of the plant. Squeeze the sap out of the stem. If it is sticky and white and forms a thread when the tip of a knife is touched to it and drawn away, bacterial wilt is probably present. (This test works best with cucumbers.) The disease overwinters in the gut of cucumber beetles, and is spread to plants as the beetles feed.
Prevention and Control
Controlling cucumber beetles is the key to prevention. Look for varieties of cucumbers and squash that are resistant to cucumber beetles. Cover young plants with floating row covers. Knock, shake, or hand
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number of psychiatrists – more than 35 percent – said they had prescribed subtherapeutic doses of medication, which is known as “pseudoplacebos.” Pseudoplacebos are doses of active medication that are below, sometimes considerably below, the minimal recommended therapeutic level, meaning they are unlikely to have any real effect.
The survey explored attitudes toward placebo use and found that more than 60 percent of psychiatrists believe that placebos can have therapeutic effects. This proportion is considerably higher than other medical practioners, according to lead researcher and McGill Psychiatry Professor Amir Raz.
“Psychiatrists seem to place more value in the influence placebos wield on the mind and body,” said Raz in a press release.
Only 2 percent of the psychiatrists responded that they believe that placebos have no clinical benefit at all.
The research was funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Oxford-McGill Neuroscience Collaboration.The Birthplace cohort study compared the safety of births planned in four settings: home, freestanding midwifery units, alongside midwifery units and obstetric units. The main findings relate to healthy women with straightforward pregnancies who meet the NICE intrapartum care guideline criteria for a ‘low risk’ birth.
The study collected data on care in labour, delivery and birth outcomes for the mother and baby for over 64,000 ‘low risk’ births in England including nearly 17,000 planned births planned at home, 28,000 planned in midwifery units and nearly 20,000 planned in obstetric units.
Safety for the baby was assessed by examining how often babies had any of the following adverse outcomes: stillbirth during labour, death of the baby in the first week after birth ,neonatal encephalopathy (disordered brain function caused by oxygen deprivation before or during birth), meconium aspiration syndrome (where the baby breathes meconium into their lungs) , and physical birth injuries such as brachial plexus injury, and bone fractures. These outcomes were chosen because differences in how often these events occurred might reflect differences in the quality of care received during the birth.
Safety for the mother was measured by looking both at poor medical outcomes, such as serious perineal tears or need for a blood transfusion, and also at whether the woman received obstetric interventions, such as an emergency caesarean section or a forceps or ventouse delivery.
The key Birthplace findings that have led to a change in the guidance given to women at low risk of complications are:
- For planned births in freestanding midwifery units and alongside midwifery units there are no significant differences in adverse perinatal outcomes compared with planned birth in an obstetric unit.
- Women who plan birth in a midwifery unit have significantly fewer interventions, including substantially fewer intrapartum caesarean sections, and more ‘normal births’ than women who plan birth in an obstetric unit.
- For women having a second or subsequent baby, there are no significant differences in adverse perinatal outcomes between planned home births or midwifery unit births and planned births in obstetric units.
- For women having a first baby, there is a significant increase in the risk of an adverse perinatal outcome, although the absolute risk is still low (9.3 adverse perinatal outcome events per 1000 planned home births compared with 5.3 per 1000 births for births planned in obstetric units)
Dr Jennifer Hollowell, one of the epidemiologists who ran the study, commented: “Before the Birthplace study, it was known that midwifery-led care reduced the risk of interventions during labour and birth, but there was insufficient evidence about the safety of different birth settings for the baby. Birthplace filled that gap in the evidence. Since we published the findings there has been a steady increase in the number of midwifery units around the country and I would expect the NICE guidance to accelerate this expansion. I would also expect more women having a second or subsequent baby to feel more confident about requesting a home birth. At the moment, less than 3% of births take place at home.”تهران در بین 10 شهر پرریسک جهان قرار گرفته است
به گزارش وبلاگ گوگل، تهران (پانا) - عضو هیأت رئیسه شورای اسلامی شهر تهران با اشاره به این مطلب که تهران در بین 10 شهر پر ریسک جهان واقع شده است گفت مشکل تهران رشد شهر و نزدیک شدن بافت شهری به تاسیسات صنعتی است.
به گزارش شهر، آرش حسینی میلانی، رییس کمیته سلامت، محیط زیست و خدمات شهری شورای اسلامی شهر تهران در مرنام تقدیر از آتش نشانان عملیات اطفا حریق پالایشگاه تهران که عصر یکشنبه 6 تیر 1400 برگزار شد، گفت: سازمان آتش نشانی یکی از سازمان های متخصص، توانمند، متعهد و ازخود گذشته است که شایستگی خود را به اثبات رسانده و در این حادثه هم هم افزایی، اتحاد و هماهنگی بین آتش نشانان تهران، سایر شهر ها و وزارت نفت دیده شد.
او اضافه کرد: باید به این اتحاد توجه داشته باشیم و توانمندی های خود را ارتقا داده و در حوزه های مدیریتی هم با هم افزایی پیش برویم.
میلانی با بیان اینکه حادثه پلاسکو عبرتهایی برای شهر، شهرداری و شورای شهر تهران داشت، ادامه داد: ارتقای تجهیزات آتش نشانی در این دوره از مدیریت شهری مورد توجه قرار گرفت و در زمان مناسب تجهیزات تهیه شد.
این عضو شورای شهر تهران اضافه کرد: حدود 420 میلیارد تومان اعتبار برای ارتقای تجهیزات آتش نشانی در نظر گرفته شد و علاوه بر این منابعی به صورت اختصاصی برای این سازمان لحاظ شد که منبعی مطمئن و پایدار برای سازمان است و امیدواریم این فرایند در شورای ششم هم ادامه پیدا کند.
او با اشاره به اینکه آتش نشانی در مدیریت سیلابها و آتش در کوهستان هم نقش داشته گفت: این خدمات در سطح ملی مورد تقدیر استانها و شهرداری ها قرار گرفته و شورا و شهرداری هم بر این نقش تاکید دارند.
میلانی نام کرد: مسئله ای که در شهر تهران وجود دارد رشد شهر و نزدیک شدن بافت شهری به تاسیسات صنعتی تأسیس شده در گذشته است و این در حالی است که تهران در بین 10 شهر پرریسک جهان واقع شده است و نزدیکی تاسیسات صنعتی و زیر ساختی به بافت شهری
ایجاد آمادگی در شرایط اضطراری و آمادگی اجتماعی را ضروری می کند.
عضو شورای اسلامی شهر تهران گفت: پیشنهاد ما و جمعی از نخبگان این است که نقاط حساس در بحث زیر ساختی در شرایط اضطراری و آمادگی اجتماعی مورد توجه قرار بگیرد.
وی ادامه داد: فرسودگی تاسیسات صنعتی ریسک آن را بالا می برد و باید نوسازی این تأسیسات در اسرع وقت صورت بگیرد. البته این رفع فرسودگی نیازمند عزم جدی در سطح ملی و استانی است.
او یادآور شد: کنترل حادثه پالایشگاه شهید تندگویان رضایت خوبی در افکار عمومی ایجاد کرد که نشان دهنده هماهنگی بین شورا و شهرداری و سایر نهاد ها است.منبع: خبرگزاری پاناArmy value duty essay submitted by these seven army values are taught to soldiers in basic training and are reinforced throughout a soldier’s military. Duty and responsibility are defined by webster s dictionary as something that one is expected or required to do by moral or legal obligation. Types your essay quoting phrases in an essay tutoring help world history final essay questions ap hamlet essay research papers on yahoo web search sign in mail. Click here click here click here click here click here military essays duty free military essays and papers – 123helpmecom free military papers, essays. Check out our top free essays on military duty to help you write your own essay.
Duty military essay jul 16, 2016 saturday, jul 16, 2016 6:00 pm edt military violence and scandal: we need a public essay education disabled children discussion of. Serving the us army, us navy, us air force, us marine corps, and us coast guard this is a valuable benefit for deployed service members who want to essays on. Army values essay honor, integrity, selfness-service, duty, respect, personal courage, and loyalty, these are the 7 army values in which each and every member must.
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Check out our top free essays on army duty to help you write your own essay brainiacom join now among these are military bearing. Free military papers, essays, and research papers women in the military - women now comprise 14 percent of the active-duty armed forces of the. The importance of the uniform standard in the army essay delegated to him are performed exemplarily and in accordance with the military code of. Free women military papers, essays 1- 3 suicide rates across the population of active-duty us military personnel began to increase sharply in 2005 from a.Dünya Kupası 2022 ,2022 Dünya Kupası ne zaman Sepp Blatter 2022 Dünya Kupasının Ocak ayında yapılacağını bildirdi. SeppBlatter Asya Kupası'nın açılış maçından önce Doha'da basına yaptığı açıklamada, 2022 tarihindeki organizasyonun, her zaman olduğu gibi Haziran ya da Temmuz aylarında değil Ocak ayında yapılabileceğini belirtti. FIFA Başkanı, 'Bu kez kışın yapılacağını umuyorum. Önümüzde karar vermek için uzun bir süre var. En uygun zaman için karar vermeliyiz. Bu Ocak ayı veya yıl sonu olabilir' diye konuştu. Katar'da hava sıcaklığı, yaz aylarında 50 dereceye kadar çıkabiliyor. Bu sebeple Katar'daki organizasyonun kış aylarında yapılma olasılığı sık sık dile getiriliyor.وانوس
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نام دامنه “vanos” نامی منحصر به فرد و به یاد ماندنی است که قابلیت استفاده در صنایع و کاربردهای مختلف را دارد. این ترکیبی از دو کلمه “va” و “nos” است که می تواند به “ارزش” یا “وانتاژ” تعبیر شود. این نام دامنه برای ثبت در دسترس است و می تواند برای اهداف مختلفی استفاده شود، از جمله:
خدمات مالی: “وانوس” را می توان به عنوان یک برند برای شرکت های خدمات مالی که خدمات یا محصولات ارزش افزوده را به مشتریان خود ارائه می دهند، استفاده کرد.
مشاوره: “وانوس” را می توان به عنوان یک برند برای شرکت های مشاوره ای که به مشتریان خود مشاوره یا راهنمایی تخصصی ارائه می دهند، استفاده کرد.
فناوری: “Vanos” می تواند به عنوان یک برند برای شرکت های فناوری که راه حل ها یا محصولات نوآورانه ای را به مشتریان خود ارائه می دهند، استفاده شود.
بازاریابی: “Vanos” می تواند به عنوان یک نام تجاری برای آژانس های بازاریابی که خدمات یا محصولات ارزش افزوده را به مشتریان خود ارائه می دهند استفاده شود.
املاک و مستغلات: “وانوس” را می توان به عنوان یک نام تجاری برای شرکت های املاک و مستغلات استفاده کرد که املاک انحصاری یا لوکس را به مشتریان خود ارائه می دهند.
کیفیت کلی برند «وانوس» به دلیل نام منحصر به فرد و به یاد ماندنی آن بالاست که می تواند به برجسته شدن آن در بازار شلوغ کمک کند. املا و تلفظ این نام آسان است و صدایی قوی و متمایز دارد که به خاطر سپردن آن آسان تر می شود. علاوه بر این، این نام خیلی طولانی یا پیچیده نیست و استفاده از آن را در زمینه های مختلف آسان می کند.
از نظر در دسترس بودن، نام دامنه “vanos” برای ثبت در دسترس است و می توان آن را از طریق ثبت نام دامنه های مختلف خریداری کرد. قیمت نام دامنه به ثبت کننده خاص و طول دوره ثبت بستگی دارد. با این حال، قیمت فعلی نام دامنه حدود 10 دلار در سال است که در مقایسه با سایر نام های دامنه نسبتاً مقرون به صرفه است.
به طور کلی، نام دامنه “vanos” دارایی ارزشمندی است که می تواند در صنایع و برنامه های مختلف استفاده شود. نام منحصر به فرد و به یاد ماندنی آن، آن را به یک برند قوی تبدیل می کند که می تواند به کسب و کارها در بازار شلوغ کمک کند.
“Vanos” یک نام دامنه شیک و همه کاره با جذابیت مدرن است که آن را برای استفاده های مختلف در صنایع مختلف مناسب می کند. این نام دارای حسی از پیچیدگی و نوآوری است که می تواند برای مشاغلی که به دنبال ارائه یک تصویر برتر یا پیشرفته هستند مفید باشد.
دامنه “Vanos” می تواند به طور موثر برای اهداف مختلفی مانند یک شرکت فناوری، یک برند خودروی لوکس، یک استودیوی طراحی، توسعه املاک یا یک پلت فرم سبک زندگی و سلامتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. تطبیق پذیری آن امکان ادغام بی دردسر در بخش های مختلف بازار را فراهم می کند و مخاطبان وسیعی را تامین می کند.
کیفیت کلی برند “وانوس” با مدرن بودن، پیچیدگی و پتانسیل برای شناخت قوی برند مشخص می شود. متمایز بودن دامنه و جذابیت امروزی آن، آن را به یک انتخاب قانع کننده برای مشاغل یا افرادی تبدیل می کند که قصد دارند یک حضور آنلاین ممتاز و تاثیرگذار ایجاد کنند.
این برند ویژگیهای مدرن و همهکاره آن و همچنین پتانسیل آن برای طنیناندازی با مخاطبانی که به دنبال پیچیدگی و نوآوری هستند، را برجسته می کند و تاکید بر جذابیت ممتاز، خاطرهانگیز بودن و پتانسیل آن برای شناسایی قوی برند میتواند «وانوس» را به گزینهای جذاب و قانعکننده برای افراد یا مشاغلی تبدیل کند که به دنبال ایجاد یک هویت آنلاین متمایز و آیندهنگر هستند.
الگوی برند دامنه: CVCVC
C = بی صدا (BCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXYZ)
V = صدا دار (AEIOU)
N = اعداد (0123456789)Table of contents
About this book
The two main goals of the symposium upon which this volume is based were 1) to cement together knowledge presently available in the field of antibodies to steroids and obtainable only under separate covers in different journals and books, and 2) to present new data which could lead to a more complete understanding of physiologic phenomena like those occurring during the menstrual cycle, or to the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in steroid-protection interaction, or to the practical application of immunologic techniques to measurements of steroid hor mones. These techniques are extremely sensitive and can measure levels of steroid on the same order of magnitude as the radioisotope methods. However, the latter are much more laborious and costly which limits their use in many cases to the research laboratory. But the immunologic techniques generally classified as radioimmunoassay, are fraught with difficulties and problems which must be overcome. Fortunately, perhaps, the subject of immunologic techniques as applied to steroid determination is the child of radioimmunoassay of proteins, so to speak. Many of the problems which confront the former have been resolved in the latter instance. Thus, we are in an advantageous position because we are aware of the biologic and technical problems of the earlier radioimmunoassay techniques. Similar experiences have been reported in the book about the use of immunologic techniques for determination of steroid hormones.
Laboratory antibody child hormone hormones immunology lead physiology protein proteins research steroid steroidsداود رضایی مولتی اینسترومنتالیست ایرانی است که اولین اثر رسمی خود را تحت عنوان "صعود به بالاترین ابر" در سال 98 و در سبک نیو ایج منتشر کرده است. ملودی های رمانتیک و عمیق پیانوی او، رنگ آمیزی شده با هارمونی کلاسیک سازهای ارکستر و امبینت؛ فضایی احساسی و خیالی و در برخی از قطعات، سینماتیک و داستان گونه را برای مخاطب تداعی می کنند.
وی فارغ التحصیل دوره دکتری بازاریابی از دانشگاه تهران بوده و به موازات تحصیلات خود در این رشته، آهنگسازی در سبک های نیو ایج، نئوکلاسیک، مینیمال و امبینت را نیز دنبال می کند.Authority is a really important aspect of the CRAAP test to consider when evaluating online media. Many of the information sources that you encounter in daily life can be hard to gauge in terms of credibility. By investigating the source, or who originally created the content, you can piece together context and determine whether the information is trustworthy.
SIFT (The Four Moves) offer four action-oriented strategies to apply when you’re considering a source:
The following videos will teach you how to do this, and why it's important:
Online Verification Skills - Video 1: Introductory Video
Online Verification Tools - Video 2: Investigating the Source
Online Verification Tools - Video 3: Find the Original Source
Investigating the authority of sources as well as looking for gaps in the information are critical steps in detecting misinformation online.
Internet searches require investigation, too. Data voids, or information voids, happen when missing information is exploited or manipulated in order to lead people to misinformation about any given topic or news event. The search terms you use may be strategically selected, promoted, and used by supporters of a cause to lead you to fake or
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doğumsal hastalıktır. Optik sinir anomalileri, septum pellusidumun (orta hat beyin yapısı) az gelişmişliği veya yokluğu ve hormonal eksiklikler bu hastalığı karakterize eder.
Septo-Optik Displazi, fetal gelişim sırasında ortaya çıkan ve optik sinirlerin ve ilgili beyin bölgelerinin uygunsuz gelişimiyle sonuçlanan bir bozukluktur. Kesin nedeni genellikle bilinmemektedir, ancak genetik ve çevresel faktörler söz konusu olabilir.
Belirtiler ve İşaretler:
Septo-Optik Displazi belirtileri ve bulguları kişiden kişiye değişir, ancak ortak özellikler şunları içerebilir:
- Görme sorunları: Optik sinir hipoplazisi veya gelişmemiş optik sinirler, görme keskinliğinde azalma, görme alanı anormallikleri veya körlük gibi küçük ila ciddi görme bozukluklarına neden olabilir.
- Septo-Optik Displazi, hipotalamik ve hipofiz bezi anormallikleri ile ilişkilidir ve hormon eksikliğine neden olur. Bu durum büyüme hormonu eksikliği, tiroid hormonu eksikliği ve adrenal yetmezlikle sonuçlanabilir; bu da bodur büyüme, gecikmiş ergenlik ve diğer endokrin bozukluklara yol açabilir.
- SOD’lu çocuklarda motor beceriler, dil gelişimi ve bilişsel yetenek gibi gelişimsel kilometre taşlarının tamamlanmasında gecikmeler meydana gelebilir.
- Öğrenme güçlükleri, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) ve bilişsel bozukluklar görülebilir.
- Nöbetler: Diğer nörolojik hastalıklarda olduğu kadar yaygın olmasa da SOD’li bazı kişilerde nöbetler görülebilir.
Septo-Optik Displazi, aşağıdakileri içeren eksiksiz bir tıbbi değerlendirme ile teşhis edilir:
Kapsamlı bir tıbbi öykü ve fizik muayene yapılır.
Optik sinir bozukluklarını ve görme fonksiyonunu belirlemek için göz muayenesi ve görme keskinliği testleri kullanılır.
Nörogörüntüleme: Beynin manyetik rezonans görüntülemesi (MRI) optik sinir hipoplazisi ve septum pellusidum yokluğu gibi yapısal anormallikleri tespit edebilir.
Hormon seviyelerini izlemek ve endokrin eksikliklerini teşhis etmek için kan testleri yapılabilir.
Septo-Optik Displazi tedavisi semptom yönetimi ve gelişimsel sonuçları optimize etmeye odaklanır. Mevcut tedavi seçenekleri arasında şunlar yer almaktadır:
- Görme işlevini iyileştirmek için düzeltici lensler, görsel yardımcılar ve az görme terapisi reçete edilebilir.
- Hormon replasman tedavisi: Hormon eksiklikleri, büyüme hormonu, tiroid hormonu ve kortikosteroidleri içerebilen hormon replasman tedavisi ile tedavi edilir.
- Erken müdahale hizmetleri: Fizik tedavi, mesleki terapi, konuşma terapisi ve eğitim desteği, gelişimsel gecikmeler ve öğrenme sorunlarına yardımcı olabilir.
- Nöbet yönetimi: Nöbetler meydana gelirse antiepileptik ilaçlar sağlanabilir.
- Sürekli gözetim: Büyümeyi, hormon seviyelerini ve genel gelişimi değerlendirmek için düzenli tıbbi kontroller yaptırmak çok önemlidir.
Ayırıcı Tanı:
Septo-Optik Displaziyi taklit edebilecek diğer bozukluklar şunlardır:
- Optik sinir atrofisi: Optik sinir dejenerasyonu veya hasarı ile karakterize, görme kaybıyla sonuçlanan bir bozukluk.
- İzole hormon eksiklikleri: Bazı hormon eksiklikleri görme siniri tutulumu olmaksızın ortaya çıkabilir.
- Orta hat beyin kusurları: Korpus kallozum agenezisi gibi diğer orta hat beyin anomalileri de benzer semptomlar gösterebilir.
Septo-Optik Displaziyi diğer bozukluklardan ayırt etmek ve etkilenen hastalara uygun bakım ve desteği yönlendirmek için pediatristler, göz doktorları, endokrinologlar ve nörologlar dahil olmak üzere multidisipliner bir uzman ekibi tarafından kapsamlı bir değerlendirme yapılması gerekir.Menu principale:
Reattore nucleare e bomba atomica
Una simulazione interattiva del PhET dell'University of Colorado che simula come un neutrone possa fornire energia al nucleo, innescando la fissione e produrre un evento di fissione; come opera una reazione a catena e le condizioni per sostenerla abbastanza da creare una bomba atomica e analizzare come in un reattore nucleare operano le barre di controllo invece per rallentare la reazione.Diabolik
Schede primarie
Diabolik ruba dieci milioni di dollari davanti all'Ispettore Ginko, raggirandolo con l'ausilio di alcuni fumogeni. Fugge quindi a bordo di un motoscafo e successivamente su una Jaguar nera, inseguito da un elicottero della polizia. Diabolik entra in una galleria, dove l'attende a bordo di una Jaguar bianca la fidanzata Eva Kant. I due, seminati i poliziotti, giungono al loro rifugio sotterraneo.
La caverna che fa da rifugio per Diabolik ed Eva Kant
Intanto il ministro degli interni convoca una conferenza stampa e annuncia il ripristino della pena di morte per combattere il crimine. Diabolik ed Eva si recano sul posto, travestiti da giornalisti, e sprigionano del gas esilarante, provocando le risate di tutti i presenti. Il giorno dopo, il ministro si dimette e l'ispettore Ginko ordina una retata in grande stile contro l'impero criminale gestito dal boss Ralph Valmont. Questi è costretto a fare un patto con l'ispettore Ginko e promette di consegnare Diabolik alla polizia.
Diabolik decide di regalare ad Eva per il suo compleanno una collana di smeraldi di proprietà di Lady Clark. Immaginando l'intenzione di Diabolik, l'ispettore Ginko fa circondare il castello di Lady Clark dalla polizia. Diabolik, indossando un costume bianco al posto del classico costume nero, si arrampica sulla torre del castello, quindi una volta entrato inganna i poliziotti inserendo una fotografia davanti alle telecamere e si impossessa, senza alcun problema, della collana.
Intanto Valmont, grazie alla descrizione di una prostituta, ottiene un identikit di Eva, quindi la rapisce e chiede a Diabolik come riscatto dieci milioni di dollari e la collana di smeraldi. I due si incontrano per lo scambio sull'aereo di Valmont. Lì Diabolik raggira Valmont e si lancia con il paracadute, trascinandolo con sé. In volo, si fa dire il luogo in cui è imprigionata Eva. Arrivato sul posto, Diabolik riesce a liberarla e uccide Valmont, quindi cade in uno stato di morte apparente ingerendo della droga. Si risveglia all'obitorio, mentre sta subendo un'autopsia, e viene portato via da Eva, travestita da infermiera.
Diabolik ed Eva Kant
Il nuovo ministro degli interni mette una taglia di un miliardo di dollari sulla testa di Diabolik. Questi, per tutta risposta, fa esplodere tutti i palazzi del fisco, provocando una crisi economica senza precedenti. Il nuovo ministro delle finanze (l'ex ministro degli interni) appare in televisione, appellandosi al buon senso dei cittadini, perché spontaneamente si rechino a pagare le tasse, provocando però l'ilarità generale.
Lo Stato decide di fondere tutti i soldi in un unico lingotto d'oro del peso di venti tonnellate. Il lingotto viene trasportato su un treno. Diabolik lo distrugge, facendolo precipitare in mare, quindi si immerge e recupera il lingotto con un sommergibile, portandolo al rifugio e fondendolo. L'ispettore Ginko riesce però a localizzare il rifugio e vi fa irruzione. Eva riesce a fuggire, mentre Diabolik viene investito da un getto d'oro fuso e immobilizzato.
Eva, vestita a lutto, si reca a rendere l'ultimo saluto al compagno, ridotto ad una statua. Viene raggiunta dall'ispettore Ginko. Diabolik, approfittando di un attimo di distrazione di Ginko, fa l'occhiolino ad Eva, dimostrando di essere ancora vivo, quindi una risata diabolica.
Il film di Mario Bava è il secondo tentativo di portare sul grande schermo avventure tratte dai fumetti per adulti (così erano marcati i nuovi protagonisti del crimine) subito dopo il discutibile esito di Kriminal, diretto da Umberto Lenzi,che precedette di due anni l’uscita dell’antieroe creato dalle sorelle Giussani.
Psichedelia trash adattata al grande schermo, ben riuscito nelle parti "lisergiche" e straordinaria colonna sonora. Bava dirige alla grande e per questo merita una visione.
||Tweet|Ero piccino, i miei mi davano una piccola paghetta settimanale e me la facevo bastare: mi serviva per comprarmi le caramelle in tabaccheria e se non ne mangiavo tante potevo anche comprarmi un gelato.
Poi ho inizato a fare qualche lavoretto e il gelato potevo offrirlo anche alla ragazza che mi piaceva.
Lei poi, il gelato lo ha iniziato a prendere con un altro, così ho deciso che mi sarei comprato una Vespa: un po’ per andare via da lei, un po’ per portarne un’altra dietro di me, allora ho inizato a mangiare meno gelati e a vendere i miei vecchi giochi (i sacrifici vanno fatti se si vuole risparmiare).
Poi ho studiato economia sono diventato molto bravo: i miei compagni hanno inizato a seguire i miei consigli su come trovare il denaro lavorando e risparmiando.
Ora che sono presidente del consiglio perchè i sacrifici li devo fare io:
Andate “affanculo”, i soldi li prendo aumentando le accise sui carburanti!.
Tanto lo so che ve ne dimenticherete, la prossima volta che dovrete andare a votare: non è solo il presidente del consiglio che decide, c’è un intero parlamento che vota le leggi che vengono attuate.
Guardate chi c’è dentro ora e scegliete bene la prossima volta che andrete a votare.The Basic Command command in Linux – who is not familiar with linux OS system with high security and of course free (OpenSource). As buddy know Linux Command Line Iterface are known by in brief (CLI). and company or most people using linux as the Server or in use everyday.
A computer user has now risen unlike in the old days, the main operating system Linux as the most reliable and of course free. In addition to its open-source Linux operating system, it is also much more demanding us to continue to learn it.
Even at this time, Linux has already entered the world of education. Thus, the development of Linux users could very much. For that, there is no harm if we also learn the operating system on this one. Because Linux is identical to the use of the Console Terminal that requires us to memorize commands. Even though it’s been a lot of Linux that has a GUI version (Grapichal User Interface), but nonetheless the name Linux was synonymous with the use of basic commands in Terminal.
Here are a few Basic Commands in Linux Command that must be known:
- function: the cd is used to switch to another directory example “cd/” means that the switch to the root directory (same as/) CD/
- function: ls is used to view the contents of a directory can also command with “la-la” or “ls-al” the difference if you use the ls command then display if “la-la” or “ls-al” will look in more detail.
- chmod function: used to set the permissions of a file or directory
- clear function: used to clean the entire terminal screen
- CP function: used to copy a file
- date function: used to display a date and time
- halt function: used to switch off the syste
- histry function: used to view what orders have been used
- ifconfig function: used to view information on your network, such as IP address, Mac address, and more.
- ls function: used to view the contents of a directory
- mkdir function: used to create a new directory
- . MV function: to move a file, it can also change the name of a file.
- Nano function: used for text editor
- passwd function: used to use password pwd
- function: used to display the name of the directory you are currently in
- reboot function: used to restart the system/computer functions: restart restart the service that is running.
- RM function: used to delete the file.
- rmdir function : used to remove the Directory
- shutdown function: the same as halt, is used to turn off the system
- start function: used to run a service.
- stop function: used to stop a running service
- sudo functions: run a command as root
- tar: function is used to extract the files with the format * URtar.gz UR*.tgz
- touch function: used to create a new file in an empty
- unzip function: used to extract or parse the file compress in the form of UR*.zip
- who’s function: used to view anyone who is being logged
Maybe a little bit used to Command basic commands in Linux and I will discuss next, the above command can be used for Debian Linux, Ubuntu linux, Linux Centos, Linux Distro or other Time the following if anyone asks what that CLI is a Command Line Interface detail the interface does not provide a graph, either in the form of pictures, Windows or animation-animation that can spoil the user , but only in the form of text that must be typed by the user.Looking for an examination copy?
If you are interested in the title for your course we can consider offering an examination copy. To register your interest please contact [email protected] providing details of the course you are teaching.
Gauss's law for electric fields, Gauss's law for magnetic fields, Faraday's law, and the Ampere-Maxwell law are four of the most influential equations in science. In this guide for students, each equation is the subject of an entire chapter, with detailed, plain-language explanations of the physical meaning of each symbol in the equation, for both the integral and differential forms. The final chapter shows how Maxwell’s equations may be combined to produce the wave equation, the basis for the electromagnetic theory of light. This book is a wonderful resource for undergraduate and graduate courses in electromagnetism and electromagnetics. A website hosted by the author at www.cambridge.org/9780521701471 contains interactive solutions to every problem in the text as well as audio podcasts to walk students through each chapter.Read more
- Features an interactive website with complete solutions to every problem within the text, as well as audio podcasts explaining key concepts
- Plain-language explanations of the symbols used in the equations
- Modular approach allows reader to find relevant material easily
07th Jul 2013 by Panos
The book is excellent for those interested in learning Maxwells equations. The step-by-step instructions are lucid. I would like to have seen some more emphasis on non-cartesian systems. The major drawback however, is the absence of answers to the problems at the end of each chapter, as the website that gives the solutions is not functional most of the time.See all reviews
04th Oct 2013 by Zzyzx
An excellent book for graduate or undergraduate students. Or educators. The material is presented in easy to digest format. Problems presented help in understanding the material. Answers are not given. A trip to the web is required for them.
30th Jul 2015 by DuncanCrane8
I loved this book! I wish I had it years ago. I know that I have never had a professor who really understood this subject like the author. Thank you. Inspiring!
Review was not posted due to profanity×
- Date Published: January 2008
- format: Paperback
- isbn: 9780521701471
- length: 142 pages
- dimensions: 229 x 152 x 8 mm
- weight: 0.242kg
- contains: 63 b/w illus. 39 exercises
- availability: In stock
Table of Contents
1. Gauss's law for electric fields
2. Gauss's law for magnetic fields
3. Faraday's law
4. The Ampere–Maxwell law
5. From Maxwell's equations to the wave equation
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- Calculus and Analytic Geometry llI (Multivariable Calculus)
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for implementing high-performance systems cannot be predicted with confidence. It recommends experimental research to advance knowledge in this area:
- "Although theoretical calculations can be made today, the eventually attainable range of chemical reaction cycles, error rates, speed of operation, and thermodynamic efficiencies of such bottom-up manufacturing systems cannot be reliably predicted at this time. Thus, the eventually attainable perfection and complexity of manufactured products, while they can be calculated in theory, cannot be predicted with confidence. Finally, the optimum research paths that might lead to systems which greatly exceed the thermodynamic efficiencies and other capabilities of biological systems cannot be reliably predicted at this time. Research funding that is based on the ability of investigators to produce experimental demonstrations that link to abstract models and guide long-term vision is most appropriate to achieve this goal."
Assemblers versus nanofactories
A section heading in Drexler's Engines of Creation reads "Universal Assemblers", and the following text speaks of multiple types of assemblers which, collectively, could hypothetically "build almost anything that the laws of nature allow to exist." Drexler's colleague Ralph Merkle has noted that, contrary to widespread legend, Drexler never claimed that assembler systems could build absolutely any molecular structure. The endnotes in Drexler's book explain the qualification "almost": "For example, a delicate structure might be designed that, like a stone arch, would self-destruct unless all its pieces were already in place. If there were no room in the design for the placement and removal of a scaffolding, then the structure might be impossible to build. Few structures of practical interest seem likely to exhibit such a problem, however."
In 1992, Drexler published Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, a detailed proposal for synthesizing stiff covalent structures using a table-top factory. Diamondoid structures and other stiff covalent structures, if achieved, would have a wide range of possible applications, going far beyond current MEMS technology. An outline of a path was put forward in 1992 for building a table-top factory in the absence of an assembler. Other researchers have begun advancing tentative, alternative proposed paths for this in the years since Nanosystems was published.
Hard versus soft nanotechnology
In 2004 Richard Jones wrote Soft Machines (nanotechnology and life), a book for lay audiences published by Oxford University. In this book he describes radical nanotechnology (as advocated by Drexler) as a deterministic/mechanistic idea of nano engineered machines that does not take into account the nanoscale challenges such as wetness, stickness, Brownian motion, and high viscosity. He also explains what is soft nanotechnology or more appropriatelly biomimetic nanotechnology which is the way forward, if not the best way, to design functional nanodevices that can cope with all the problems at a nanoscale. One can think of soft nanotechnology as the development of nanomachines that uses the lessons learned from biology on how things work, chemistry to precisely engineer such devices and stochastic physics to model the system and its natural processes in detail.
The Smalley-Drexler debate
Several researchers, including Nobel Prize winner Dr. Richard Smalley (1943–2005), attacked the notion of universal assemblers, leading to a rebuttal from Drexler and colleagues, and eventually to an exchange of letters. Smalley argued that chemistry is extremely complicated, reactions are hard to control, and that a universal assembler is science fiction. Drexler and colleagues, however, noted that Drexler never proposed universal assemblers able to make absolutely anything, but instead proposed more limited assemblers able to make a very wide variety of things. They challenged the relevance of Smalley's arguments to the more specific proposals advanced in Nanosystems. Also, Smalley argued that nearly all of modern chemistry involves reactions that take place in a solvent (usually water), because the small molecules of a solvent contribute many things, such as lowering binding energies for transition states. Since nearly all known chemistry requires a solvent, Smalley felt that Drexler's proposal to use a high vacuum environment was not feasible. However, Drexler addresses this in Nanosystems by showing mathematically that well designed catalysts can provide the effects of a solvent and can fundamentally be made even more efficient than a solvent/enzyme reaction could ever be. It is noteworthy that, contrary to Smalley's opinion that enzymes require water, "Not only do enzymes work vigorously in anhydrous organic media, but in this unnatural milieu they acquire remarkable properties such as greatly enhanced stability, radically altered substrate and enantiomeric specificities, molecular memory, and the ability to catalyse unusual reactions.""Enzymatic catalysis in anhydrous organic solvents.". April 1989.""Enzymatic catalysis in anhydrous organic solvents" (PDF). April 1989.
For the future, some means have to be found for MNT design evolution at the nanoscale which mimics the process of biological evolution at the molecular scale. Biological evolution proceeds by random variation in ensemble averages of organisms combined with culling of the less-successful variants and reproduction of the more-successful variants, and macroscale engineering design also proceeds by a process of design evolution from simplicity to complexity as set forth somewhat satirically by John Gall: "A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked. . . . A complex system designed from scratch never works and can not be patched up to make it work. You have to start over, beginning with a system that works." A breakthrough in MNT is needed which proceeds from the simple atomic ensembles which can be built with, e.g., an STM to complex MNT systems via a process of design evolution. A handicap in this process is the difficulty of seeing and manipulation at the nanoscale compared to the macroscale which makes deterministic selection of successful trials difficult; in contrast biological evolution proceeds via action of what Richard Dawkins has called the "blind watchmaker" comprising random molecular variation and deterministic reproduction/extinction.
At present in 2007 the practice of nanotechnology embraces both stochastic approaches (in which, for example, supramolecular chemistry creates waterproof pants) and deterministic approaches wherein single molecules (created by stochastic chemistry) are manipulated on substrate surfaces (created by stochastic deposition methods) by deterministic methods comprising nudging them with STM or AFM probes and causing simple binding or cleavage reactions to occur. The dream of a complex, deterministic molecular nanotechnology remains elusive. Since the mid-1990s, thousands of surface scientists and thin film technocrats have latched on to the nanotechnology bandwagon and redefined their disciplines as nanotechnology. This has caused much confusion in the field and has spawned thousands of "nano"-papers on the peer reviewed literature. Most of these reports are extensions of the more ordinary research done in the parent fields.
The feasibility of the proposals in Nanosystems
The feasibility of Drexler's proposals largely depends, therefore, on whether designs like those in Nanosystems could be built in the absence of a universal assembler to build them and would work as described. Supporters of molecular nanotechnology frequently claim that no significant errors have been discovered in Nanosystems since 1992. Even some critics concede that "Drexler has carefully considered a number of physical principles underlying the 'high level' aspects of the nanosystems he proposes and, indeed, has thought in some detail" about some issues.
Other critics claim, however, that Nanosystems omits important chemical details about the low-level 'machine language' of molecular nanotechnology. They also claim that much of the other low-level chemistry in Nanosystems requires extensive further work, and that Drexler's higher-level designs therefore rest on speculative foundations. Recent such further work by Freitas and Merkle is aimed at strengthening these foundations by filling the existing gaps in the low-level chemistry.
Drexler argues that we may need to wait until our conventional nanotechnology improves before solving these issues: "Molecular manufacturing will result from a series of advances in molecular machine systems, much as the first Moon landing resulted from a series of advances in liquid-fuel rocket systems. We are now in a position like that of the British Interplanetary Society of the 1930s which described how multistage liquid-fueled rockets could reach the Moon and pointed to early rockets as illustrations of the basic principle." However, Freitas and Merkle argue that a focused effort to achieve diamond mechanosynthesis (DMS) can begin now, using existing technology, and might achieve success in less than a decade if their "direct-to-DMS approach is pursued rather than a more circuitous development approach that seeks to implement less efficacious nondiamondoid molecular manufacturing technologies before progressing to diamondoid".
To summarize the arguments against feasibility: First, critics argue that a primary barrier to achieving molecular nanotechnology is the lack of an efficient way to create machines on a molecular/atomic scale, especially in the absence of a well-defined path toward a self-replicating assembler or diamondoid nanofactory. Advocates respond that a preliminary research path leading to a diamondoid nanofactory is being developed.
A second difficulty in reaching molecular nanotechnology is design. Hand design of a gear or bearing at the level of atoms might take a few to several weeks. While Drexler, Merkle and others have created designs of simple parts, no comprehensive design effort for anything approaching the complexity of a Model T Ford has been attempted. Advocates respond that it is difficult to undertake a comprehensive design effort in the absence of significant funding for such efforts, and that despite this handicap much useful design-ahead has nevertheless been accomplished with new software tools that have been developed, e.g., at Nanorex.
In the latest report A Matter of Size: Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative put out by the National Academies Press in December 2006 (roughly twenty years after Engines of Creation was published), no clear way forward toward molecular nanotechnology could yet be seen, as per the conclusion on page 108 of that report: "Although theoretical calculations can be made today, the eventually attainable range of chemical reaction cycles, error rates, speed of operation, and thermodynamic efficiencies of such bottom-up manufacturing systems cannot be reliably predicted at this time. Thus, the eventually attainable perfection and complexity of manufactured products, while they can be calculated in theory, cannot be predicted with confidence. Finally, the optimum research paths that might lead to systems which greatly exceed the thermodynamic efficiencies and other capabilities of biological systems cannot be reliably predicted at this time. Research funding that is based on the ability of investigators to produce experimental demonstrations that link to abstract models and guide long-term vision is most appropriate to achieve this goal." This call for research leading to demonstrations is welcomed by groups such as the Nanofactory Collaboration who are specifically seeking experimental successes in diamond mechanosynthesis. The "Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems" aims to offer additional constructive insights.
It is perhaps interesting to ask whether or not most structures consistent with physical law can in fact be manufactured. Advocates assert that to achieve most of the vision of molecular manufacturing it is not necessary to be able to build "any structure that is compatible with natural law." Rather, it is necessary to be able to build only a sufficient (possibly modest) subset of such structures—as is true, in fact, of any practical manufacturing process used in the world today, and is true even in biology. In any event, as Richard Feynman once said, "It is scientific only to say what's more likely or less likely, and not to be proving all the time what's possible or impossible."
Existing work on diamond mechanosynthesis
There is a growing body of peer-reviewed theoretical work on synthesizing diamond by mechanically removing/adding hydrogen atoms and depositing carbon atoms (a process known as mechanosynthesis). This work is slowly permeating the broader nanoscience community and is being critiqued. For instance, Peng et al. (2006) (in the continuing research effort by Freitas, Merkle and their collaborators) reports that the most-studied mechanosynthesis tooltip motif (DCB6Ge) successfully places a C2 carbon dimer on a C(110) diamond surface at both 300 K (room temperature) and 80 K (liquid nitrogen temperature), and that the silicon variant (DCB6Si) also works at 80 K but not at 300 K. Over 100,000 CPU hours were invested in this latest study. The DCB6 tooltip motif, initially described by Merkle and Freitas at a Foresight Conference in 2002, was the first complete tooltip ever proposed for diamond mechanosynthesis and remains the only tooltip motif that has been successfully simulated for its intended function on a full 200-atom diamond surface.
The tooltips modeled in this work are intended to be used only in carefully controlled environments (e. g., vacuum). Maximum acceptable limits for tooltip translational and rotational misplacement errors are reported in Peng et al. (2006) -- tooltips must be positioned with great accuracy to avoid bonding the dimer incorrectly. Peng et al. (2006) reports that increasing the handle thickness from 4 support planes of C atoms above the tooltip to 5 planes decreases the resonance frequency of the entire structure from 2.0 THz to 1.8 THz. More importantly, the vibrational footprints of a DCB6Ge tooltip mounted on a 384-atom handle and of the same tooltip mounted on a similarly constrained but much larger 636-atom "crossbar" handle are virtually identical in the non-crossbar directions. Additional computational studies modeling still bigger handle structures are welcome, but the ability to precisely position SPM tips to the requisite atomic accuracy has been repeatedly demonstrated experimentally at low temperature, or even at room temperature constituting a basic existence proof for this capability.
A working nanofactory would require a variety of well-designed tips for different reactions, and detailed analyses of placing atoms on more complicated surfaces. Although this appears a challenging problem given current resources, many tools will be available to help future researchers: Moore's Law predicts further increases in computer power, semiconductor fabrication techniques continue to approach the nanoscale, and researchers grow ever more skilled at using proteins, ribosomes and DNA to perform novel chemistry.
Works of fiction
- In The Diamond Age by Neal Stephenson diamond can be constructed by simply building it out of carbon atoms. Also all sorts of devices from dust size detection devices to giant diamond zeppelins are constructed atom by atom using only carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and chlorine atoms.
- In the novel Tomorrow by Andrew Saltzman (ISBN 1-4243-1027-X), a scientist uses nanorobotics to create a liquid that when inserted into the bloodstream, renders one nearly invincible given that the microscopic machines repair tissue almost instantaneously after it is damaged.
- In the roleplaying game Splicers by Palladium Books, humanity has succumbed to a "nanobot plague" that causes any object made of a non-precious metal to twist and change shape (sometimes into a type of robot) moments after being touched by a human. The object will then proceed to attack the human. This has forced humanity to develop "biotechnological" devices to replace those previously made of metal.
- On the television show Mystery Science Theater 3000, the Nanites (voiced variously by Kevin Murphy, Paul Chaplin, Mary Jo Pehl, and Bridget Jones) - are self-replicating, bio-engineered organisms that work on the ship, they are microscopic creatures that reside in the Satellite of Love's computer systems. (They are similar to the creatures in Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Evolution", which featured "nanites" taking over the Enterprise.) The Nanites made their first appearance in season 8. Based on the concept of nanotechnology, their comical deus ex machina activities included such diverse tasks as instant repair and construction, hairstyling, performing a Nanite variation of a flea circus, conducting a microscopic war, and even destroying the Observers' planet after a dangerously vague request from Mike to "take care of [a] little problem". They also ran a microbrewery.
- "Nanosystems Glossary". E-drexler.com.
- "Doing MM". Wise Nano. 2008-09-24. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "Foresight Institute press release". Foresight.org. 2008-01-29. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- Peterson, Christine (2007-05-08). "Nanodot: Nanotechnology News and Discussion » Blog Archive » Nanotechnology Roadmap launch: Productive Nanosystems Conference, Oct 9-10". Foresight.org. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "Nanofactory Collaboration". Molecularassembler.com. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "Nanofactory Technical Challenges". Molecularassembler.com. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "Global Task Force on Implications and Policy". Crnano.org. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "3.23.4". Molecularassembler.com. 2005-08-01. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "Molecular Nanotechnology Guidelines". Foresight.org. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "5.1.9". Molecularassembler.com. 2005-08-01. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "N04FR06-p.15.pmd" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "NanomedicineBookSite". Nanomedicine.com. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "NanoPubls". Rfreitas.com. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "Phased Array Optics". Phased-array.com. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "Phased Array Optics". Phased-array.com. 1991-10-03. Retrieved 2010-09-05.
- "Frequently Asked Questions - Molecular Manufacturing". foresight.org. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- Chris Phoenix; Mike Treder (2008). "Chapter 21: Nanotechnology as global catastrophic risk". In Bostrom, Nick; Cirkovic, Milan M. Global catastrophic risks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-857050-9.
- Sandberg, Anders. "The five biggest threats to human existence". http://theconversation.com/. Retrieved 13 July 2014. External link in
- Drexler, Eric. "A Dialog on Dangers". foresight.org. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
- Drexler, Eric. "ENGINES OF DESTRUCTION (Chapter 11)". http://e-drexler.com/. Retrieved 19 July 2014. External link in
- Tomasik, Brian. "Possible Ways to Promote Compromise". http://foundational-research.org/. Retrieved 19 July 2014. External link in
- "Dangers of Molecular Manufacturing". crnano.org. Retrieved 19 July 2014.
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. In most cases, no liquid media is added to the sample prior to homogenization and, depending on the press used, the exiting, dispersed tissue can have a texture of course hamburger meat to fine paste-like liver pate. While it is not an effective way to disrupt cells per se, it is used as a preliminary step for complete homogenization using other physical or chemical methods.
The well known household meat grinder or mincer has been used for many years for the preparation of animal tissue extracts. Tissue is mechanically forced through holes in a metal sieve plate while rotating blades slowly sweep across the face of the sieve plate cutting the extruded meat into 0.3 - 0.5 mm fragments. These meat grinders cut flexible tissue like muscle better if the tissue is processed slightly frozen.
For smaller tissue samples, BioSpec Products (Bartlesville, OK) manufactures hand-operated tissue presses for the preparation of highly dispersed tissue as does EDCO Scientific (Chapel Hill, NC). There are several models of these mechanical presses, all capable of generating considerable pushing force. Sample sizes from 0.1 grams up to 50 grams of soft tissue are pushed through sieve plates having 0.5 to 3 mm holes, much like the action of a common kitchen garlic press. Compaired to other mechanical cell dispersion methods, they excel in producing a significant proportion of viable single tissue cells (10-40%). Hard or fibrous tissues like tendon, skin, leaves and seeds cannot pass through these presses. The devices cost from $35 to $400. Fred S. Carver (Wabash, IN) has a compact hydraulic laboratory tissue press for the extraction of intracellular liquids and oils for about $1600.
Another group of devices designed to disperse solid tissue are quite unlike the above presses or grinders. Bioreba (Chapel Hill, NC) makes a hand-held crusher designed for whole, fresh plant leaves. It consists of an circular array of external steel balls which manually crush a few leaves and a minimal amount of extraction media inside a Mylar plastic bag. The grinder and bags cost about $200. Several overseas companies make Paddle- or Bag-Blenders [Seward Laboratories (West Sussex, UK), IUL Instruments (Barcedlona, Spain), Synbiosis (Cambridge, UK), Interscience Laboratories (Saint Nom la Breteche, France), bioMerleux Industry (Marcy l'Etroile, France), Corning Gosselin (Hazebrouck Cedex, France)]. These motor-driven machines reduce processed food, feces and other soft plant and animal tissue to a suspension suitable for microbial testing. The solid sample is placed in a nylon or polyethylene bag. If required, a minimal amount of extraction media is added. The top of the plastic bag is sealed by a clamp built into the sturdy door of the paddle blender and the bag contents are smashed with two flat paddles rapidly alternating back and forth against the bag and door surface at speeds of 5-10 strokes per second. In less than a minute, the bag's contents are dispersed and homogenized. Current Paddle Blenders are designed to work with multi-gram quantities of bio-material and are priced from $3000 to $6000.
These devices generate intense sonic pressure waves in liquid media and are widely used to disrupt cells. Under the right conditions, the pressure waves cause formation of transient microbubbles which grown and collapse violently. Called cavitation, the implosion generates a shock wave with enough energy to break cell membranes and even break covalent bonds.
Modern ultrasonic processors use piezoelectric generators made of lead zirconate titanate crystals. The vibrations are transmitted down a titanium metal horn or probe tuned to make the processor unit resonate at 15-25 kHz. The rated power output of ultrasonic processors vary from 10 to 375 Watts. What really counts is the power density at the probe tip. Higher output power is required to sustain good performance in large sized probes. For cell disruption, probe densities should be at least 100 W/cm2 and the larger the better for tip amplitude (typical range: 30-250 microns). Some manufacturers of ultrasonic disintegrators are Artek Systems (Farmington, NY), Branson Sonic Power Company (Danbury, CT), Hielscher Technology (Teltow, Germany), RIA Research Corp. (Hauppauge, NY), Sonic Systems (Newton, PA), Ultrasonic Power Corporation (Freeport, IL) and VirTis Company (Gardiner, NY).
Ultrasonic disintegrators generate considerable heat during processing. For this reason the sample should be kept ice cold. For microorganisms the addition of 0.1 - 0.5 mm diameter glass beads in a ratio of one volume beads to two volumes liquid is recommended, although this modification will eventually erode the sonicator tip. Tough tissues like skin or tendon should be pre-chopped or macerated first in a tissue press, grinder or pulverized in liquid nitrogen (see details above). Use small vessels during ultrasonic treatment and place the probe tip deep enough into the sample suspension to avoid foaming. Finally, one should be aware that free radicals can be generated during sonication and that these radicals react with most biomolecules. Damage by oxidative free radicals can be minimized by flushing the solution with nitrogen gas and/or including radial scavengers like cysteine, dithiothreitol or other -SH compounds in the media.
A comprehensive discussion of cell disruption equipment and methods is covered by the author in Purification and Analysis of Recombinant Proteins, Seetharam and Sharma, editors, published by Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1991. Additional methods included there are High-Pressure Homogenizers, Autolysis, Enzymatic lysis, Dehydration, Chemical lysis, Solvent lysis and Programmed self-destruction. [The relevant Chapter is available on the internet. It can be read, but not copied].1 ) 耐热性: 装配工程中, 特别连续焊锡加工时, 温度高达2 60 ℃要求基板无膨胀和层间剥离现象。
2 ) 电性能: 印刷线路板要求有好的电性能, 特别软性印刷线路板由于自由度高, 接线密度高, 对绝缘性能要求更高。
3 ) 耐药品性: 制线过程中需使用三氯乙烯, 丙酮等各种溶剂和酸、碱等药品, 常常会使基膜产生膨胀、收缩而引起翘曲, 使后加工性、操作性、尺寸精度等显著下降, 软性线路板要求经药品处理后无变化。
4 ) 粘结性: 聚酰亚胺薄膜属难粘材料之一, 并且线路板制造过程中会受到热应力、化学应力、机械力的作用, 由于聚酰亚胺、胶粘剂、铜箔的膨胀、收缩程度不一致, 导致铜箔与基膜脱开, 要求基膜与铜箔必须牢固的粘接, 保证即使制成很细的线路时也不断线。
5 ) 尺寸稳定性: 要求在受溶剂、药品作用时和高温下尺寸变化率小。
6 ) 可挠性: 在接线过程中需弯曲成各种形状, 要求有高的可挠性, 反复折曲后无脆折及分层现象。
7 ) 耐湿性: 要求吸湿性小, 潮湿后电性能变化小。
8 ) 耐燃性: 要求具有自熄性。
9 ) 价格: 按使用性能要求选择恰当的材料和工艺, 使有合适的价格。Il lungo “regno” di ‘Bibi’ Netanyahu sembra ormai arrivato alla fine della sua parabola.
Le elezioni che si sono tenute a Israele il 17 settembre hanno inferto un duro colpo al partito dell’ex primo ministro, il Likud, e hanno stravolto l’equilibrio politico dello stato sionista. Sebbene a più di ventiquattro ore dalla chiusura dei seggi manchino ancora i risultati ufficiali, i parziali diffusi dalla televisione israeliana mostrano chiaramente come Benjamin Netanyahu esca abbastanza malmesso dalla sfida elettorale, tanto da cancellare il suo viaggio a New York della prossima settimana, dove avrebbe dovuto partecipare all’assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite.
La sconfitta del Likud
Secondo i dati più aggiornati, il Likud ha ottenuto il 25,14% dei voti, conquistando solo 31 seggi nel Knesset, il parlamento israeliano. L’intera coalizione di destra guidata da Netanyahu, che oltre al Likud include Shas, UTJ e Yamina, non raggiunge che 55 seggi, un risultato ben lontano dalla soglia di 61 seggi necessaria ad ottenere la maggioranza in parlamento. Già alle elezioni dell’aprile 2019, l’ex-premier fallì nel tentativo di formare un governo, a causa del rifiuto di Avigdor Lieberman, il leader del partito nazionalista liberale Yisraeli Beitenu, di governare con la destra ultra-ortodossa dello Shas. Ma per Netanyahu il mantenimento del potere politico è adesso qualcosa di simile a una lotta per la vita e la morte.
Netanyahu il corrotto
Netanyahu è indagato per reati di frode e corruzione, accuse che egli ha ricusato e additato come una manovra politica della “sinistra” per allontanarlo dal governo. Nondimeno, grazie all’immunità istituzionale di cui gode è riuscito finora a scampare il processo. Se dovesse reinsediarsi al governo, avrebbe gioco facile a far passare dei decreti ad personam per tutelarsi dalle condanne. Forse in tal senso bisogna intendere la dichiarazione rilasciata in una conferenza dopo le elezioni :“Meglio perdere la propria voce che perdere lo Stato”. Tuttavia, l’inchiesta che ha investito Netanyahu ha giocato un ruolo importante nella sua sconfitta, e ha di molto aiutato il successo del Kahol Lavan, il partito che, secondo i dati parziali, ha scavalcato il Likud.
Il Blu e il Bianco
Il Kahol Lavan ha raccolto il 25,92%, che gli varranno 33 seggi, presentandosi alle elezioni come il “nuovo” politico, come l’alternativa moderata e responsabile al governo corrotto e aggressivo di Netanyahu, un partito che offra “speranza e cambiamento, senza corruzione, senza estremismo”. Fondato dall’ex capo delle forze armate israeliane, Benny Gantz, con l’apporto di altre formazioni di centro-destra, il Kahol Lavan (blu e bianco, i colori della bandiera israeliana) ha monopolizzato il voto contro Netanyahu, ed è riuscito a distanziarsi dalla retorica rabbiosamente razzista del leader del Likud. Non perché Benny Gantz sia più tenero nei confronti degli arabi palestinesi (è pur sempre un ex-generale israeliano), ma piuttosto per una questione di carattere e di stile. Gantz ha infatti risposto in maniera molto aperta all’appello di Yisraeli Beitenu a formare un “ampio governo nazionale liberale composto da Yisraeli Beitenu, Likud e Kahol Lavan”.
Da ‘Re di Israele’ a sopravvissuto politico
In vista delle elezioni Netanyahu ha dato vita a una campagna velenosa e razzista contro gli arabi, contraddistinta da mosse spettacolari come il passaggio a colonia ufficiale di Mevoot Yericho, un territorio già sotto illegittima occupazione militare nella valle del Giordano. Questa campagna aveva come principale obiettivo quello di presentarsi come paladino di Israele agli occhi del settore più conservatore e anti-arabo dell’elettorato e riuscire a formare un governo con la propria coalizione di destra. Sfumata tale possibilità, ‘Bibi’ sembra voler adottare un approccio più pragmatico e voler andare incontro alla proposta di coalizione di Avigdor Lieberman.
Il governo impossibile e il rimpasto più probabile
Netanyahu ha pubblicamente messo da parte l’ipotesi di un governo di destra con gli ultra-ortodossi (tra l’altro impossibile, matematicamente parlando), e ha aperto al dialogo con Benny Gantz. Quest’ultimo però ha fatto della lotta contro Netanyahu una bandiera nella campagna elettorale, e l’ex primo ministro Ehud Olmert, che fa parte della stessa coalizione di Gantz, ha dichiarato dopo le elezioni “il popolo di Israele gli [a Netanyahu] ha detto ‘basta’”. In risposta ai tentativi di Netanyahu di avvicinarsi al Kahol Lavan e mettere in piedi una presidenza alternata con Benny Gantz, fonti di questo partito hanno negato di avere intenzione di sedere in un governo con il corrotto ex-primo ministro.
La fine di una fase… l’inizio di un’altra?
Dati gli esiti elettorali, il presidente Reuven Rivlin darà l’incarico di formare un governo per primo a Benny Gantz, il cui partito è stato il più votato. Tuttavia, anche per l’ex-generale è improbabile riuscire creare un governo con una maggioranza stabile senza il Likud. Il veto posto dal Kahol Lavan sulla presenza di Netanyahu nel governo, così come quello posto da Yisraeli Beitenu sulla destra fondamentalista ortodossa e sulla formazione degli arabi israeliani Lista Unita, pone le basi per un aspro scontro nel Likud. Non è da escludere che il Likud decida di liberarsi di Netanyahu e sopravvivere aggregandosi al Kahol Lavan. L’altra alternativa più probabile sarebbe direttamente quella di andare a nuove elezione.
E quindi?
La “caduta” di Netanyahu segna un passaggio importante nella politica israeliana. L’instabilità politica economica globale si è riverberata anche a Israele, erodendo le basi della politica liberista di Netanyahu. A ben poco è servita la propaganda da stato d’assedio che il Likud ha utilizzato per legittimarsi. Lo stesso Benny Gantz non sembra poter garantire una direzione differente. Difficilmente, potrà conquistarsi l’appoggio dei lavoratori israeliani, in assenza di una qualsiasi politica sociale, né tantomeno degli arabi israeliani, dal momento che condivide la stessa visione di Netanyahu sulla questione palestinese. L’unica cosa che si può dire è che anche a Israele, come sta avvenendo ovunque nel mondo, l’equilibrio politico sta andando in frantumi e le prospettive appaiono aperte e imprevedibili.
Francesco SalmeriBetween 1915 and 1945, the United States went through World War I, the booming 1920s, the Great Depression of the 1930s, and World War II. Although this time period was traumatic for many Americans, it also transformed the US identity. Think of the 1920s in contrast with the Great Depression of the 1930s. Which of these two time periods do you think has had a bigger impact on the development of US society, either from a political or cultural viewpoint? Explain why.
Stacey Warren - Expert brainly.com
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Please help me come up with a few sentences for this prompt. Thanks! :)
@WesternBurger please have a look here for details...4 اشتباه رایج هنگام خشک کردن مو که موهایتان را نابود می نماید
به گزارش گذر عمر، می دانستید که انجام کار های نادرست در فرایند کلی خشک کردن مو (چه با استفاده از سشوار و چه بدون آن) می تواند باعث آسیب دیدگی مو ها گردد؟ در این مطلب خواهیم گفت که کدام کار ها هنگام خشک کردن مو ها به سلامتی آن ها صدمه می زنند.
به گزارش سلامت، احتمالا می دانید که رنگ کردن مو ها و استفاده از ابزار های حرارتی برای حالت بخشی به مو ها می تواند به سلامتی مو ها آسیب برساند.
اما آیا می دانستید که انجام کار های نادرست در فرایند کلی خشک کردن مو ها نیز (چه با استفاده از سشوار و چه بدون آن) می تواند باعث آسیب دیدگی مو ها گردد؟ در ادامه این مطلب خواهیم گفت که کدام کار ها هنگام خشک کردن مو ها به سلامتی آن ها صدمه می زنند.
استفاده نادرستی از سشوار دارید
استفاده از بالاترین حرارت سشوار، نگه داشتن سشوار در فاصله نزدیک به سر یا خاموش نکردن سشوار پس از خشک شدن نسبتی موها، همگی جزو کار هایی هستند که می توانند پیوند ها و پروتئین های نهفته در مو ها را تخریب نمایند. همین اتفاق مستقیما مو ها را دچار شنمایندگی و ضعف می نماید و احتمال شکل گیری موخوره یا دوشاخه شدگی مو ها را افزایش می دهد. حالت ناپذیری، خشکی و کدرشدگی مو ها را هم باید به این موارد اضافه کنیم.
برای مقابله با این آسیب دیدگی، دمای سشوار را همواره باید در محدوده کم تا میانه قرار دهید، سشوا را حداقل 30 سانتی متر دور از مو ها نگه دارید و پس از خشک شدن نسبی مو ها حتما سشوار را خاموش کنید. استفاده از اسپری محافظ حرارتی قبل از روشن کردن سشوار هم ترفند خوبی برای محافظت از مو ها است.
حوله را روی مو ها فشار می دهید
فشار دادن حوله های زبر روی مو ها می تواند به کوتیکول مو ها آسیب برساند؛ بنابراین کسانی که هنگام خشک کردن مو ها عادت دارند حوله های زبر را روی مو ها فشار دهند، هم باعث وزشدگی مو ها می شوند و هم رطوبت طبیعی مو ها را از بین می برند.
کشیدن بیش ازحد مو ها با حوله نیز می تواند تار های مو را ضعیف کند؛ بنابراین سعی کنید که بیشتر آب جمع شده در مو ها را با دست بگیرید و سپس از یک حوله لطیف برای خشک کردن آن ها بهره ببرید.
در هوای سرد با مو های خیس از خانه خارج می شوید
اگر در تابستان با مو های خیس از خانه خارج شوید،
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