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1	0	in honor of a special occasion or in memory of a loved one, click here.There is a certain type of Englishman who is not content with confinement in any one locale. He seeks new vistas, new challenges, and the chance to test his mettle against geography, climate, and the decrees of Fortune. We have chronicled a number of such men in these pages. To this list we must add the name of British naval officer George Francis Lyon (1795–1832), who enjoys perhaps the unique distinction of being known for exploratory achievement in two very different climatic conditions: the polar regions of the Arctic and the desert expanses of northern Africa. Not much of significance is recorded of his early life; his memoirs of his African travels omit extensive biographical details. In 1818, he was tasked by Second Secretary of the Admiralty Sir John Barrow to discover the source of the Niger River in central Africa. He was to be accompanied by the surgeon Joseph Ritchie. The expedition was able to take advantage of the good relations that the British Consulate enjoyed with the Arab authorities in Tripoli. On March 25, 1819, Ritchie and Captain Lyon departed from Tripoli with Mohammad al-Mukni, the Bey of Fezzan. Lyon was fluent in Arabic, and the expedition was not disorganized; but they underestimated the difficulties involved in crossing the Sahara from north to south. Lyon interestingly describes the articles of clothing taken on the expedition: Sidrea.—A waistcoat fitting tight to the body, without any opening in front, having only holes for the neck and arms. It is pulled on in the same manner as the Guernsey frock used by seamen. Farmela is a second waistcoat, open in front, and having broad gold lace and buttons, but no button-holes. It hangs over the sidrea. Zibboon.—A jacket, the sleeves of which are embroidered. These first three dresses are confined round the waist by the band of the trowsers, which come outside them. A broad belt of silk or gold is then passed round the body. Over the jacket is an embroidered waistcoat without sleeves, called Bidfiah. All these dresses may be of different colours, the most brilliant and gaudy being chiefly in request. On walking out, a hooded cloak of very finely spun white wool is thrown over all, and on great occasions a cloth one of the same form, bordered with rich gold lace, is used. This cloak is called Bornouse. The trowsers are immense, and of silk or cloth, according to the pleasure of the wearer… Having thus given a sketch of the costume of the Tripoli men, I conceive it necessary to mention that we fully adopted the dress and appearance of Moslems, using all our endeavours to become acquainted with their manners. The expedition got as far as Murzuq, located in the Fezzan region of what is now southern Libya. There Ritchie died on November 2nd, worn out by the harsh desert conditions. Lyon himself also had fallen ill from the privations of the journey. The sultan who was with them, Mohammad al-Mukni, began to confiscate the expedition’s supplies, believing both men to be as good as dead. Captain Lyon recovered, however; although he was unable to continue into the interior of Africa, he spent his time wisely in southern Libya, observing the customs and practices of the Tuareg people, who at that time were nearly unknown to Europeans. Lyon seems to have been the first European to document in detail the customs, language, and culture of the Tuareg. Thus the expedition proved to be a successful one, even if it failed in the design for which it was originally contemplated. Consider these morsels of information: A great article of commerce is the fat which the shepherds procure from the sheep they kill. They cut it from every part of the body, salt it, and lay it by until a large quantity is collected, when, whether putrid or not, they boil it, until it bear some resemblance to the grease used by tallow-chandlers; it is then poured into skins, and is fit for use. In the interior it sells at about a shilling a pound; but at Tripoli it is much cheaper. It is put into almost every article of food by the Arabs, and though not very savoury, we soon became accustomed to its taste. It is called shahm [?شحام]… There is great variety in the manner of dressing meat, which is stewed, boiled, or baked; but for journeys the Arabs have a very good way of preserving it, by cutting it into thin slices, drying it in the sun, and afterwards stewing it in fat. I have often observed them eating small grasses, which they found as they pursued their journey; and to my inquiries how they knew them to be innoxious, the general reply was, that whatever an animal which chewed its cud could eat with safety, must be food for man. There is a species of dandelion, very bitter, and exuding a white juice, which is much liked by the sheep as well as their masters. The taste at first is very unpleasant; but I soon became accustomed to it. Lyon’s account of his travels is an impressive document. It is precise, lucid, and free of the type of fanciful depictions that mar so many other travel records of the nineteenth century. He did not explore the Sudan, but he did collect a great deal of valuable anecdotal information about the region. Physical danger was a very real issue; Lyon frequently remarks that it was an absolute necessity for him and his party to adopt local dress and speak Arabic at all times, for had they been detected as foreigners, they would immediately have fallen under suspicion. On his journey back to Tripoli, he observed raging flash floods that had the power to sweep a man away in an instant: Our tents were no sooner pitched than very heavy rain came on, in a tremendous storm (called Gherra [?غرة] by the Arabs): thunder and lightning close to us. The noise was tremendous, and the wadey before us was quickly filled with a roaring torrent, sweeping all before it: happily, the tents were on a rising ground, which prevented them from being washed away. The mountain torrent continued all night. I had often heard these storms spoken of, but always imagined that the accounts given of them were much exaggerated; I now found that the description did not at all come up to this night’s tempest. He almost died of thirst in the return trek across the desert; he seems also to have been suffering from some unspecified illness, perhaps malaria. “Weak and exhausted as I was, and with no alternative but to drink, or, as I thought, to expire, I was about to catch and swallow the nauseous draught, when, at that moment, I perceived my trusty Arab ascending a hill, and advancing towards me. Those only who have experienced the agonies of suspense, or the torments of parching thirst, can conceive my sensations when he joined me, bringing the wished-for beverage.” But he reached Tripoli. He finally left the city in May 1820, bringing with him a camel intended as a gift for King George IV. Upon reaching England, he was quarantined, he tells us, for twenty-five days. He finally arrived in London on July 25, 1820. He would later suffer from bouts of ophthalmia–a legacy of his arduous desert travels–and feared he might lose his eyesight. His travel memoirs, A Narrative of Travels in Northern Africa in the Years 1818, 1819, and 1820, was published in London in 1821. Lyons lived a full and eventful life. He would later go on to command an Arctic expedition in the vicinity of Hudson Bay, and collected valuable information about the Inuit peoples residing there. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1827, and died in 1832. Man is mortal; but his achievements endure forever. Read more in Pantheon:.sa ve .com.sa tescili için gerekli belgeler Suudi Arabistanda .com.sa veya .sa domain tescili yapabilmek için bazı resmi dökümanlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. - Domain sahibinin, domain tescilini yapabilmesi için alan adı ile eşleşen Suudi Arabistan'da kurulu bir şirkete sahip olması gerekir veya - Domain sahibinin, Suudi Arabistan'da domain tescilini yapabilmesi için alan adı ile eşleşen bir ticari markası olması gerekir. Bu belgelerden birisi tescil için yeterlidir. Fakat ilave olarak Suudi Arabistan vatandaşı yerel bir temsilci talep edilmektedir (ad soyad, adres, telefon , email). .sa ve .com.sa Adres Uzunluğu 3 Karakter - 63 Karakter Tescil Süresi 1 Yıl - 10 Yıl olarak düzenlenmeli Tescil etmiş olduğunuz .sa uzantılı domain adresinin DNS kayıtlarını ücretsiz güncelleyebilirsiniz. Tescil etmiş olduğunuz .sa uzantılı domain adresini başka bir web siteye ücretsiz yönlendirebilirsiniz. Tescil etmiş olduğunuz .sa uzantılı domain ile ilgili profesyonel ekibimizden ücretsiz destek alabilirsiniz. Kayıt ettiğiniz .sa uzantılı domain yönetiminizi ICANN Accredited olan Olipso kadrosuna bırakın!Tien Sau Tong Hong Kong 姑嫂牌香港天寿堂药行创建於清光绪六年(公元1880年)，创始人吴子芹先生。天寿堂药行自创建至今已有一百三十余年历史。据记载，吴氏祖籍福建诏安县人，因先祖於清乾隆年间致任於京都，受历史着名太医家传实验秘方；事因其女儿已及许嫁之年，经行半载忽闭，腰脊头痛，面黄体瘦，继而赤白带下，暗病丛生，访寻名医，药食无灵，几成不治之症，後得秘方制丸，朝夕吞服而癒。因此，吴氏先祖将秘方视为传家之宝，代代相遗。其後人吴子芹先生，自小聪慧，精研中西医理，游历各国，领教中西医学博士，药剂专家，集中外之大成，因笃信佛理，发誓创造济世，而於公元1880年在香港永乐街166号创办首间天寿堂药行，将历代从不外传之秘方制成成药施诸於世，屡用屡效，患者无不称其神效，然广传於世界各埠华人社会。公元1911年因产品供不应求而於香港德辅道中168号自资购地建造生产制造及自设门市一体化之总行，是为当其时香港之大型制药厂。<公元1880年於香港永乐街166号创立天寿堂药行>公元1933年香港天寿堂深受大中华人民的认同及欢迎，因此业务扩展至中国内地，并於广州十八甫自资兴建4层高之国内旗舰店及於上海开设分店。公元1945年历经日军侵华後，香港天寿堂药行虽然饱受创伤，但在第二代承继人吴秋权先生及其母亲李鸾英女士的努力之下得保迄立不倒。公元1951年香港天寿堂在吴秋权先生带领下开始向海外发展，於同年在台湾台北市南京西路四十三号建立香港天寿堂行台厂。公元1960年香港天寿堂药行之产品已风行各地，当其时已在中国、香港、台湾、新加坡、马来西亚、美国及加拿大等多个地方已取得药物注册、中成药注册、合格入口商等证书。公元1998年香港天寿堂第三代承继人吴国柱先生，现为当代美国着名华人艺术家，因深受美国工业文化改革及先祖存心济世的影响，对於祖业香港天寿堂药行之旧有制药技术及管理文化有着必须改革的决心，其明白到没有好配套制不出品质良药，没有好品质保不住驰名品牌，没有好管理除不去劣质伪药；要保留祖业百年美誉，香港天寿堂药行必须进行现代化改革才能在市场上立足，因此其於公元2005年开始统筹一连串之改革，并於公元2006年投放一千万元港币，分别引入香港第三家拥有的丸剂制造生产线(灭菌式)及建设一所依据优良生产规范(GMP)模式之制药厂房，并於公元2008年落成。暂时没有此商品。There are many reasons you need to go to a dentist office. Good oral hygiene is the main one, and we recommend that you visit our office biannually to receive proper care for your oral health.A: You might have a cavity if you are experiencing tooth sensitivity. It is wise to see a dentist as… Oral Health Suggestions from Our Dental Office Being a dentist means that we see all kinds of patients. Very often, patients want to know if there are things they can do in the course of their regular routine to make sure their teeth are in optimum oral health. While we know there is no magic way to make sure you do not have problems, we also know there are certain things you can do on a regular basis that will prevent you from needing excessive dental work. Most of these things we will routinely discuss in detail when you come into our office for an exam. At-home dental care is just as important as regular dental visits. These include things like brushing your teeth at least twice a day for a minimum of two minutes, visiting our dentist office biannually, and using floss to clean the areas where a toothbrush cannot reach. If you start to do these things on a regular basis, you will get in the habit of thinking about your teeth, and this will make it easier to follow some of the other advice you may receive. Tips For Oral Health Be Careful When Eating Sugar As a dentist, one of the largest problems we see with teeth and oral health, in general, comes from the vast overuse of sugary products that cause an immense amount of damage to your teeth. You may already know this, but sugars help foster the growth of bacteria that normally occurs in the mouth, and this, in turn, works to increase problems like cavities and other issues like gum disease if not properly addressed. What you may not know is that as bad as sugar is, sour or acid is just as bad, if not worse. Acids in products like the ever-popular sour gummy bears attach themselves to the teeth, where will they work with the acids already present in the bacteria to break down the tooth enamel, and this often leads to more cavities. With the increased popularity of sour and sugary treats, we have also seen an increase in the number of cavities in people who consume them on a regular basis. Buy a New Toothbrush While this may come as no surprise, it's important to change your toothbrush a minimum of two times each year. This means if your toothbrush is anywhere over six months old, it is time to throw it away and replace with new one. For people who use electric brushes, this means replacing your toothbrush head at least every six months. If you are already a patient of our office, you know when you come in for your regular six-month visit, we will give you a new toothbrush. This is to serve as a reminder that it's time to replace your toothbrush or toothbrush head. Included in your little care package when you leave our office is also a box of floss. What’s the bottom line? This serves as a reminder that you need to floss your teeth a minimum of once a day so you are cleaning those hard-to-reach areas that your toothbrush cannot get to easily. Request an appointment in our Greensboro dentist office here: https://www.drcivils.com. As a provider of dental exams in Greensboro, we are passionate about the oral health of our patients and the lifetime of their teeth. Other areas of your body may not require regular medical care unless there is a problem. Other than routine screenings, most people can go years without visiting their doctor. Your oral… Tongue biting is a relatively common condition, and according to a general dentist, it could indicate a serious issue. Many people bite their tongue while sleeping and do not realize it until they wake up.Everyone likes to get a good night rest. It is not only enjoyable, but it also has incredible health benefits as… A dental checkup is crucial for maintaining excellent oral health. The general dentist can discover many oral health conditions and cosmetic defects during a routine visit. Dental professionals typically recommend patients visit the dental office for a checkup once every six months.Knowing the possible conditions a dentist can discover during routine maintenance can help patients…انتخاب خبر: عضو انجمن فیزیک هسته ای ایران با اشاره به مذاکرات هسته ای جمهوری اسلامی ایران و شش قدرت بزرگ جهانی گفت: تیمی که در روند مذاکرات هسته ای ایران و شش قدرت جهانی حضور پیدا کرد بهترین هنرنمایی را کرد. دکتر محمد هادی هادی زاده یزدی در گفتگو با خبرنگار انتخاب خبر افزود: سیاست جمهوری اسلامی، پرونده هسته ای را به مرحله ای سوق داد تا ایران به مذاکرات هسته ای تن در دهد. وی در تشریح دستاوردهای برجام اظهار داشت: مجموعه توانایی های کشورمان در دستیابی به دانش غنی سازی توانست مهارت چانه زنی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در ماجرای مذاکرات را افزایش دهد، و این بهترین دستاورد برای ایران بود. فارغ التحصیل دانشگاه اوهایو آمریکا تأکید کرد: اما چنین دستاوردی که امروز در مورد توافق هسته ای به دست آمده می توانست از راه های بهتری، که آغاز آن در دولت آقای خاتمی بود، نیز به دست آید. هادی زاده یزدی خاطرنشان کرد: به اینجانب ایراد گرفته شده است که زمانی مدافع غنی سازی بوده ام، اما چنین موضوعی صحت ندارد، چرا که هیچگاه طرفدار غنی سازی به صورتی که کار به ضرر جمهوری اسلامی ایران تمام شود، نبوده، اما همواره طرفدار مذاکرات در این خصوص بوده ام. مخالفت ها با قرارداد برجام بیشتر جنبه سیاسی دارد این تحلیلگر مسائل سیاسی در بخش دیگری از سخنان خود به کارشکنی ها درباره اجرای برجام اشاره کرد و گفت: در مورد مشکلات اجرای برجام باید مطرح کرد که هم در ایالات متحده آمریکا، و هم در داخل جمهوری اسلامی ایران، جناح هایی هستند که مخالفِ به سرانجام رسیدن قرارداد برجام می باشند و دست از کارشکنی های خود برنداشته اند و تقریباً در یک مسیر اقدام می کنند. وی تصریح کرد: به عبارتی، مخالفت هایی که با قرارداد برجام صورت می گیرد، ریشه ای مشترک داشته و بیشتر جنبه سیاسی دارند و قصدآنها، تخریب طرف های مقابل است. استاد فیزیک هسته ای دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد ادامه داد: اینکه الآن مشکلاتی در مسیر اجرای
1	1	lendirir ve iyileşmeyi hızlandırır. Aloe vera jeli, evde kolaylıkla bulunabilen ve kullanılabilen bir doğal tedavi seçeneğidir. Düzenli olarak uygulandığında, avuç içi kaşıntısının hafiflemesine yardımcı olabilir ve cildinizi rahatlatabilir. Beyaz Sirke Banyosu Beyaz sirke ile yapılan bir el banyosu, avuç içi kaşıntısını azaltmaya yardımcı olabilir. Beyaz sirke, doğal ve etkili bir ev çözümüdür. Avuç içi kaşıntısını hafifletmek için kullanılabilir. Sirke, anti-enflamatuar özellikleri sayesinde cilt tahrişini yatıştırabilir ve kaşıntıyı azaltabilir. Beyaz sirke banyosu için uygulama oldukça basittir. Bir kase sıcak suya birkaç yemek kaşığı beyaz sirke ekleyin. Ellerinizi bu karışıma batırın ve 10-15 dakika boyunca bekletin. Ardından ellerinizi temiz suyla durulayın ve kurulayın. Bu yöntemi düzenli olarak uygulamak, avuç içi kaşıntısını azaltmaya yardımcı olabilir. Ancak, sirkeye karşı bir alerjiniz varsa veya cildinizde herhangi bir tahriş veya yara varsa, kullanmadan önce doktorunuza danışmanız önemlidir. Baharatlı Zencefil Suyu Baharatlı Zencefil Suyu Zencefil, anti-enflamatuar özellikleri sayesinde avuç içi kaşıntısının hafifletilmesine yardımcı olabilir. Bu güçlü bitkinin içerdiği aktif bileşenler, inflamasyonu azaltarak kaşıntıya neden olan semptomları rahatlatabilir. Baharatlı zencefil suyu yapmak için aşağıdaki adımları izleyebilirsiniz: - Bir parça taze zencefili soyun ve rendeleyin. - 1 su bardağı suyu kaynatın ve rendelenmiş zencefili ekleyin. - Kaynamaya devam ettirerek zencefilin içerisine geçmesini sağlayın. - 5-10 dakika boyunca kaynatmaya devam edin ve ardından ocaktan alın. - Suyu süzün ve içmeye hazır hale getirin. Baharatlı zencefil suyunu günde 2-3 kez tüketerek avuç içi kaşıntısının hafiflemesine katkıda bulunabilirsiniz. Ancak, herhangi bir alerjik reaksiyon veya yan etki gelişirse, derhal doktorunuza başvurmanız önemlidir. Beslenme ve Hygiene Beslenme ve hijyen konuları, avuç içi kaşıntısını önlemenin önemli faktörleridir. Sağlıklı bir beslenme düzeni, vücudun ihtiyaç duyduğu besinleri almasına ve bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmesine yardımcı olabilir. Bu da cilt sağlığınızı iyileştirerek avuç içi kaşıntısını azaltabilir. Omega-3 yağ asitleri, A, C, E vitamini gibi anti-inflamatuar özelliklere sahip olan besinlerin tüketimi önerilir. Aynı zamanda lifli gıdaları tercih etmek ve yeterli miktarda su tüketmek de sağlıklı bir beslenme düzeninin önemli unsurlarıdır. Hijyen de avuç içi kaşıntısını önlemede etkili olabilir. Ellerinizi düzenli olarak yıkamak, bakteri ve mikropların yayılmasını engeller ve el sağlığını korur. Kuru ve çatlamış ellerin nemlendirilmesi, cildinizi koruyarak kaşıntıyı azaltabilir. Ayrıca, tahriş edici maddelerden kaçınmak da önemlidir. Bu nedenle, el hijyenine dikkat etmek ve sağlıklı bir beslenme düzeni izlemek, avuç içi kaşıntısını önlemek için atılması gereken adımlardır. Sağlıklı bir beslenme düzeni ve iyi bir hijyen, avuç içi kaşıntısını önlemeye yardımcı olabilir. Tedavi Seçenekleri Tedavi Seçenekleri Gerektiğinde, avuç içi kaşıntısını tedavi etmek için eczanelerde reçetesiz ilaçlar bulunmaktadır. Avuç içi kaşıntısıyla başa çıkmak için birkaç tedavi seçeneği mevcuttur: - Topikal Kortikosteroid Kremler: Doktorunuzun önerisiyle kullanılan topikal kortikosteroid kremler, avuç içi kaşıntısını rahatlatabilir. Bu kremler, kaşıntıyı azaltırken aynı zamanda cildin tahrişini de önleyebilir. - Antihistaminik İlaçlar: Antihistaminik ilaçlar, avuç içi kaşıntısına neden olan alerjik reaksiyonları hafifletebilir. Bu ilaçlar, histamin adı verilen kimyasalların salınımını engelleyerek kaşıntıyı azaltabilirler. Tedavi seçenekleri arasında yer alan bu ilaçlar, avuç içi kaşıntısını geçici olarak hafifletebilir. Ancak, şiddetli ve sürekli bir avuç içi kaşıntısı sorunu yaşıyorsanız, bir dermatologdan uzman tavsiyesi almanız önemlidir. Topikal Kortikosteroid Kremler Doktorunuzun önerisiyle kullanılan topikal kortikosteroid kremler, avuç içi kaşıntısını rahatlatabilir. Antihistaminik İlaçlar Antihistaminik ilaçlar, avuç içi kaşıntısına neden olan alerjik reaksiyonları hafifletebilir. Bu ilaçlar, vücutta salınan histamin adı verilen kimyasal maddeye etki ederek kaşıntı hissini azaltabilir. Histamin, alerjik reaksiyonlarda ve inflamasyon süreçlerinde rol oynayan bir maddedir. Antihistaminik ilaçlar, histamin etkisini bloke ederek bu etkilerin azalmasını sağlar. Bu sayede avuç içi kaşıntısına neden olan alerjik reaksiyonlar kontrol altına alınabilir. Reçeteli ya da reçetesiz olarak temin edilebilen antihistaminik ilaçlar, farklı formlarda bulunabilir. Bazıları tablet veya kapsül şeklinde kullanılırken, bazıları ise kremler ya da losyonlar şeklinde uygulanabilir. Doktorunuza danışarak hangi formun size uygun olduğunu öğrenebilir ve kullanım talimatlarına uygun şekilde kullanabilirsiniz.宣化近日，中国音乐文学学会词曲作家一行20余人到宣化区进行了为期3天的采风，深入挖掘古城宣化各方面资源进行创作。宣化区于去年10月建成了全省唯一一家中国音乐学会创作基地。图为作家们在古葡萄园采风。陈晓东温琦This little story is doing the rounds at the moment on facebook and twitter etc. I have added a few true or false questions. It is a lovely little story and I think any age group will enjoy it. Key included. The present downloadable worksheet was created for at Pre-intermediate (A2) level. It is a useful material for revising Past simple tense in English, and is excellent for enhancing your class' Reading skills. It centers around the vocabulary topic of Fables.Cattedrale, nel chiostro, sui sedili perimetrali vi sono 4 TC poste in orizzontale di cui una è molto deteriorata (le cinte visibili sono molto strette). ci sono anche un Tris e anche uno schema del Fox and gees (La Volpe e le oche). Nel libro "The Cathedral Church in Glouchester" è riportato dettagliatamente che una TC (Nine-Men's-Morris), un Fox and Geese ed un'altro tavoliere simile (ma non identico o forse alcuni tratti sono scomparsi) sono incisi sui sedili di pietra addossati al muro del passaggio nord (da est a ovest) che si ritiene frequentato dai novizi, i quali sarebbero stati gli esecutori dei giochi incisi. Il passaggio era chiuso a entrambe le estremità da schermi e quindi doveva avere un uso speciale. Nel passaggio meridionale una TC incompiuta; in quello occidentale sembra di capire che si tratti di due quadrati quadripartiti (che inscrivono una croce) ma potrebbero essere Tris. - Scheda aggiornata il 7/04/2021 con le utili informazioni di Mr. Alan Smith, che ringraziamo vivamente - https://www.ajhw.co.uk/books/book350/book350k/book350k.html#image39Questions and Answers Q: What is the current test planting about? A: The test plantings represent the first field tests of blight-resistant seedlings of the American chestnut, developed through a backcross-breeding program. The test planting includes seventh generation trees resulting from six successive generations of selection and breeding led by The American Chestnut Foundation in cooperation with several partners. The Southern Research Station of the U.S. Forest Service is leading the effort to field test the seedlings. Q: How are the blight-resistant American chestnuts different than historic American chestnuts? A: The blight-resistant American chestnuts have Chinese chestnuts in their pedigree, exactly six generations back. It is from these Chinese ancestors that the blight-resistant genes have been passed down to the current generation. In ratios or percentages we can say that, on average, the trees produced by this backcross method are 15/16ths or 94 percent American. At each generation, selection has been practiced for blight resistance derived from the Chinese ancestors and for all other traits derived from the American ancestors, resulting in current blight-resistant American chestnut with the same look and ecological function as the historic American chestnut. Q: Who is involved in the test plantings of the blight-resistant seeds? A: Many individuals and organizations have been involved in the effort to restore the American chestnut. The American Chestnut Foundation (TACF) has led the effort to breed a blight-resistant American chestnut tree for restoration to its native range in the eastern United States over the past 26 years. The Southern Research Station (SRS) of the U.S. Forest Service has led the research planning for field implementation of the first forest planting of blight-resistant trees. The Southern Region of the U.S. Forest Service has written and is directing the Memorandum of Understanding document with TACF. Silviculturists and a regional geneticist from the Forest Service have worked with partners to determine which National Forests and specific sites would be best suited to plant the blight-resistant seedlings. Since 2003, the Forest Health Protection division of the Forest Service has provided funding to TACF in support of the backcross breeding program. TACF’s tree pathologists have worked with various partners in testing planting sites for suitability for chestnut growth. The University of Tennessee’s Tree Improvement Program (TIP) provided the necessary infrastructure for SRS to implement nursery and field studies of chestnut material. This program has provided technical assistance to develop the experimental designs for testing, and will assist the SRS in monitoring the research. Q: What is the significance of these restoration efforts? A: Hardwood forests comprise 28 percent of the Eastern U.S. land base. The American chestnut was once one of the most important tree species in the eastern United States, making up one out of every four trees, or 25 percent of the hardwood canopy. Referred to as the “Mighty Giant,” they often grew to heights approaching 130 feet with diameters of five feet or more. Restoring the American chestnut will create benefits for wildlife, people, timber, commerce, and culture. For these reasons, the American chestnut was and is hoped to once again be an important component of the ecology and historical culture of the Southern Appalachians. If successful, this chestnut restoration project could represent one of the most important conservation success stories in the history of the Forest Service, and can provide hope for restoration of other tree species decimated by exotic pests. Q: How does the restoration of the American chestnut create healthy forests? A: The eventual restoration of the American chestnut to its former range benefits all plant and animal species that were historically associated with it, as well as those that exist today. The seeds from the American chestnut are highly nutritional and also provide a more reliable food source for wildlife because the tree blooms later in the year than many other species, rendering it less susceptible to late freezes. The American chestnut was a long-lived tree that was historically susceptible to few insect or disease problems and its wood was also decay resistant. The restoration of this tree will contribute to a healthy forest by increasing species diversity and thus the overall diversity of the forest ecosystem. Biodiversity of keystone tree species, i.e. a species maintaining a significant place in determining the composition of a biological community, is indicative of a healthy forest. Q: How and when were the test trees planted? A: The plantings were established using carefully crafted experimental design so that in future years, scientists can gain the most valuable scientific information from these plantings. This design protocol was developed in order to test and compare the differences in survival and growth of both pure American and Chinese chestnuts, as well as several generations of American x Chinese chestnuts. The data collected will be used to help guide future restoration efforts and to help TACF’s breeding program by identifying superior genetic families. The planting includes all generations of material produced in the TACF’s breeding program, from pure American and pure Chinese chestnuts to all generations in between. The first seedlings were planted in the early 2009 on three national forests in North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. Two additional plantings will be established in 2010 in Tennessee and Virginia. Q: What is the current status of the blight resistant American chestnut trees? A: The blight resistant American chestnut trees are currently two years old and have survived their first growing season after being planted in the forest. They are approximately four feet tall, with an average growth of 10-12 inches per year for the species. Two of the blight resistant trees flowered in this first year in the wild, a significant measurement of advanced maturity. They were examined in September 2009 and the survival rate is above 90 percent. The trees appear healthy overall, and are expected to be very competitive with natural tree vegetation in the forest. Deer browsing was affecting growth on some of the trees, so deer repellent was applied to trees to dissuade deer from eating the leaves and stems. Q: How are test plots chosen? A: The selection process includes looking at a variety of site conditions that are similar to the original range and habitat requirements of the American chestnut. All test plots are within national forests in the eastern part of the U.S., the original home range of the American chestnut. Exact locations of the test plantings are not being announced to ensure the trees grow undisturbed during these critical early years. Q: What is the next step in the American chestnut restoration effort? A: In 2010, the Southern Research Station, the University of Tennessee, and national forests in Tennessee and Virginia will establish two additional test plantings that comprise approximately 1200 seedlings. Plantings will test all generations of the American chestnut produced from TACF, including approximately 500 of the blight-resistant seedlings. Q: I thought the American chestnut was extinct, but I saw one the other day. How can that be? A: The American chestnut tree is not extinct. There are still millions of sprouts throughout its native range, mostly in forest areas. However, there are very few large, mature American chestnut trees. Most sprouts are less than eight inches dbh (diameter at breast height). The American chestnut tree is threatened with extinction from blight because very few trees reach maturity and therefore are unable to flower and produce seeds. Very few of the small sprouts will live long enough to flower, and when trees do flower, they tend to die fairly quickly. It is unclear how long it will take for most of the small sprouts to die out. On average, the large surviving trees measure only up to 18 inches in diameter, compared to up to five feet in historic times. Q: Why should I care about restoring the American chestnut? The tree has been gone now for many decades and we seem to be doing okay without it, right? A: Restoring the American chestnut to its historic range is important for several reasons. Below are reasons to consider: Wildlife Food Source — Native wildlife from birds to bears, squirrels to deer, depended on the tree's abundant and dependable crops of nutritious nuts. Organic Food Source for People — As winter came on, attics were often stacked to the rafters with flour bags full of the glossy, dark brown nuts. Springhouses and smokehouses were hung with hams and other products from livestock that had fattened on the harvest gleanings. What wasn't consumed was sold. Chestnuts are still enjoyed today, roasted and prepared other ways. Timber Products — The tree was one of the best for timber because it grew straight and often branch-free for the first 50 feet. Loggers tell of loading entire railroad cars with boards cut from just one tree. Straight-grained, lighter in weight than oak, and more easily worked, chestnut was as rot-resistant as redwood. It was used for virtually everything—telegraph poles, railroad ties, shingles, paneling, fine furniture, musical instruments, even pulp and plywood. The timber quality of the blight-resistant American chestnut is yet unknown. Q: How was the blight introduced? What causes the blight? Where is it from? How did it get here? A: Imported on plant material in the late 19th century, and first discovered in 1904 in New York City, the blight, an Asian fungus to which our native chestnuts had very little resistance, spread quickly. In its wake it left only dead and dying trees. Except for the shrubby root sprouts the species continually produces (which quickly become infected), the keystone species had disappeared from some nine million acres of eastern forests by the year 1950. Nearly four billion trees were killed by the blight. Q: When does the blight occur? A: The spores of the fungus, which cause the blight, are in the environment; spread by wind, on animal fur, and by other means. They can infect American chestnut trees at any time. The blight can attack a seedling at any age, but typically the blight does not start to negatively affect the tree until age 5 or older. Q: What happens to the trees once they get the blight? A: For a pure American chestnut seedling, there will be very little resistance to the blight. Most pure American chestnut trees will succumb to the blight after 5 to 10 years. Very few trees survive after being infected with the blight. Some trees live with the blight for a few years through recurrent dieback and sprouting from the root system in the ground, prolonging the tree's life for a few more years. Some individual trees are more susceptible than others, and a few trees seem to be somewhat resistant. As part of the American chestnut reintroduction research, the wild trees that are mature and surviving in the wild are the source of pollen or are pollinated to eventually produce the blight-resistant nuts. Seedlings that have some Chinese chestnut genotype in them will be more resistant to the blight. While they will become infected with the blight, they can live with the blight longer than a pure American chestnut. The blight-resistant seedlings are expected to look like a pure American chestnut seedling, but will be highly blight-resistant, able
1	2	è libertario, prova commozione e pena, si diverte, quando non è coinvolto in prima persona; è a favore della libertà ma solo se questa non disturba la routine quotidiana, la cucina tirata a lustro, la casetta senza macchia. Il topolino della tv è simpatico e non sporca, quello reale è fastidioso e potrebbe portare malattie. In maniera schizofrenica si mette in salvo un'immagine, eliminando chi quell'immagine l'ha ispirata. In Kavárna, invece siamo all'interno di un bar dove, a tre tavolini differenti, sono seduti due uomini che stanno tentando di concludere un affare, un ragazzo e una ragazza intenti a flirtare elegantemente, tre amiche di mezza età. I primi due, dietro la maschera di onesti affaristi, nascondono il desiderio di sopraffazione: l'immaginazione di entrambi li vede sottrarsi, in maniera subdola e violenta, la valigetta col denaro, inventando modi sempre più contorti e scorretti per truffare l'altro, non accontentandosi della propria parte ma tentando di ottenere tutto il bottino. La coppia di ragazzi è invece tutta un sorridersi e un guardarsi, per coprire la vera pulsione che muove l'uomo - ossia portarsi a letto la ragazza - e quella che muove la donna - farsi desiderare dal ragazzo, fingere di concedersi per poi negarsi, solo per poterlo avere in suo potere. Le tre amiche, che apparentemente si vogliono bene e sono affiatate, non fanno che sparlare le une delle altre, senza alcuna solidarietà o affetto: la prima è presa in giro poiché, umiliata e tradita dal marito, accetta passivamente la sua condizione di subalterna; la seconda perché è una vecchia zitella desiderosa di avere accanto un uomo, dando la caccia a chiunque le si avvicini; la terza per essere una donna di facili costumi che ha rapporti sessuali un po' con tutti. Dietro le sembianze di persone per bene ed educate, uomini e donne sono invece in balia dei propri istinti che però non ammettono, mostrando così l'ambiguità di un'etica sempre doppia, a seconda delle circostanze, lasciando l'uomo a sguazzare nella sua miseria.Important new discoveries illuminate the form and history of the houses that lined one of London’s most celebrated lost landmarks. Dorian Gerhold explores the remarkable story of their construction and development. Old London Bridge, lined with rickety-looking wooden houses, was by far the longest inhabited bridge in Europe, with the homes of more than 500 people – the equivalent of a small town – perched above the rushing waters of the Thames. It was also a crucial part of London’s road network, a principal shopping street and much admired by foreign visitors. A Frenchman, L. Grenade, wrote in 1578 that ‘there is no bridge in the whole of Europe which is on a great river like the Thames and as formidable, as spectacular and as bustling with trade as this bridge in London’. He ranked it with St Paul’s Cathe-dral, the Royal Exchange and the Tower as one of London’s most impressive structures. Familiar as the bridge may seem from drawings, many questions about it remain unanswered. Remarkably little has been known, for example, about important aspects of the bridge’s structure, such as its width or about the form and history of the houses on it; most images show only the backs of these buildings. Now, however, new evidence makes it possible to reconstruct them. The rediscovery of a series of 17th-century leases provides the dimensions of the rooms in each dwelling. Much of the bridge was also surveyed in 1683, just before a major rebuilding, and the results of that survey provide us with the measurements for the width and depth of each house, as well as the names of the leaseholders and occupants. These records unlock the entire history of the houses, by making it possible to identify their exact position on the bridge and to link the inhabitants with the individual dwellings shown in the views. The bridge itself, built between 1176 and 1209, was a marvel of engineering, a vast structure constructed across a wide and powerful tidal river without the use of coffer dams. Several arches collapsed in 1281–82 and in 1437, after maintenance had been neglected, but, otherwise, the bridge was still structurally sound more than six centuries later. It had 19 piers with ‘starlings’ around each pier to protect the stonework from the scouring current. Houses were built across it from the start, together with a chapel, a stone gate and a drawbridge tower. The measurements of 1683 include the width of the roadway, telling us that the bridge was several feet wider than previously thought: except where passing through defensive gates, it was a generous 15ft wide, which easily allowed two carts to pass each other. As the arches of the bridge were only 20ft to 24ft from side to side, however, it raises the question of how the houses ranged along both sides of the structure – some of them 34ft deep – were supported. ‘The addition of houses proved to be unwise, as they were twice burnt down during rebellions in the following century’ Historians have not previously remarked on how unusual the piers were. They were exceptionally long from one side of the bridge to the other – usually at least 60ft between the pointed ends. Some houses were firmly founded on these piers. The others were supported by massive beams described as ‘hammer beams’, laid from pier to pier parallel to the roadway. Those installed in 1684 were 20in by 18in in cross section. The houses on hammer beams were usually less deep than those on piers, but both could be of reasonable size, which was probably the reason for making the piers so long. The extra cost was worthwhile because rents from the bridge houses provided about a quarter of the bridge’s income. An important feature was the series of ‘cross buildings’ built over the street. They have previously been regarded as little more than tie-overs at the top of the houses, but the leases tell a different story. Cross buildings began in the first storey, only about 10ft above the roadway, and continued up to the garrets. Roughly every other house had one, usually shared with the house across the street. The effect at ground level must have been like passing through an intermittent and rather gloomy tunnel. One benefit of cross buildings was the extra space they provided, but their main purpose was probably to make the houses into a more rigid structure better able to resist strong winds. Cross buildings are recorded in largely the same places in the first survey of the bridge, made in 1358, and had probably existed from the start. Now that we know the size and position of each house in the 17th century, we can trace the houses back in time through the bridge rentals as far as the survey of 1358. In doing so, we find houses being merged or, less often, divided. This information gives us the layout only a century and a half after the bridge was completed and makes it possible to recover the original plan. Apart from the chapel, the stone gate and the drawbridge tower, there were 124 houses, each about 10ft wide, arranged in three groups on each side. At first, a clear space was left between the two defensive buildings – the drawbridge tower and the stone gate. Houses were added there in the late 14th century, bringing the total to 138, but this proved to be unwise, as they were twice burnt down during rebellions in the following century. The houses probably originally consisted of two storeys – a shop on the ground floor and a chamber or hall above. All were built and maintained by the Bridge House, the organisation that, under the City of London’s authority, maintained the bridge. With the knowledge we now have, dates of rebuilding can often be identified from the Bridge House accounts. These start in 1460 and usually identify rebuilt properties only by the name of the leaseholder. About two-thirds of the houses were rebuilt between 1477 and 1548, including 32 between 1526 and 1548, so it is buildings of that period that dominate the familiar historic views. Unlike the original houses, the rebuilds had three or four storeys, plus garrets, and included kitchens and further chambers. The most spectacular revival was slightly later, in 1577–79, when the drawbridge tower was replaced by Nonsuch House, a magni-ficent timber structure with a Classical façade. Despite the name, it consisted of two large houses, one on each side. It has usually been said, without any evidence, to have been pre-fabricated in Holland and shipped over, but the accounts record a long process whereby carpenters and labourers constructed it in the Bridge House yard. The architect of Nonsuch House was Lewis Stockett, who was both the Bridge House’s chief carpenter and Surveyor of the Queen’s Works. In the 17th century, the ground floor of every house still accommodated a shop, some still 10ft wide, but some twice that. Most had a cellar below, either one within the stonework of the pier or a ‘hanging cellar’ suspended from the hammer beam. On the first floor was a hall and usually another room. The hall was almost invariably on the river side, often with a balcony or ‘lead’ from which the views could be enjoyed. The second floor had a kitchen and usually a chamber. The kitchen could not be next to the hall on the first floor because it, too, needed to be on the river side, so water could be hauled up in buckets and waste disposed of. Above the second floor were more chambers and garrets. All the houses were timber-built, but with brick chimneys, and weatherboarded. Unlike tourist attractions today, the bridge was not dominated by sellers of food, souvenirs or goods that might be bought on impulse; indeed, there were no alehouses until late in its history. When first recorded in the late 14th century, four-fifths of the shopkeepers were haberdashers, glovers, cutlers, bowyers or fletchers. The advantage of being on the bridge was that shops quickly became widely known, they were part of clusters of shops in the same trade and the location was prestigious. Rents were especially high at the northern end. The archetypal bridge shop throughout its history was the haberdasher’s, then selling an even wider range of goods than now, including paper and parchment, hats, under- garments and almost any small items. The four other trades declined in the 15th century and were replaced by even more haberdashers, by dealers in textiles and by grocers. These, in turn, gave way in the late 17th century to a more miscellaneous range of shops, selling, among other things, stationery, pins and durable goods such as scales and trunks. In 1633, a maidservant left a bucket of hot ashes under a staircase overnight and all the houses on the northern part of the bridge were burnt down. It was not fully rebuilt until 1682–83, by which time the roadway there had been widened to 20ft. The City of London was determined to widen the rest of the bridge, but wanted to keep the houses and also not to pay anything. It contrived to do so by indicting the leaseholders for ‘nuisance’ caused by the fronts of their houses and the cross buildings. If they rebuilt, leaving 20ft for the roadway and with cross buildings at second-floor instead of first-floor level, they could have relatively long leases (61 years) at the existing low rents. They complied, with much grumbling. The new houses were somewhat more regular than their predecessors, with a consistent back line. They compensated for lost ground in front by extending further backwards over the river on sturdy carpentry. Not all the builders proved equal to this task, however, and several houses sagged. The internal planning changed: there were first-floor kitchens on the river side, next to the halls, which were now on the street side. Water was obtained either from the waterworks at the north end or by pumping it up. In 1695, there were 551 inhabitants, comprising 101 heads of household (92 men and nine women), 84 wives, 67 sons, 87 daughters, 75 male servants (probably all apprentices), 82 female servants and 55 others, such as lodgers. Most of the leases granted in the 1680s ended in the 1740s, and this coincided with a general slump in the property market. The rise of the West End meant that the bridge had declined as a shopping street, too. Most of the existing houses could be repaired at modest cost, but 15 at the north end needed to be rebuilt and the Bridge House lost heavily in doing so. Moreover, London Bridge was challenged by the new bridge at West-minster, opened in 1750 – 30ft wide with two 6ft-wide footpaths and no houses. The idea of removing houses to widen the roadway was controversial, and was resisted by the City’s Common Council, but they were eventually demolished in 1757–61. After 550 years, the bridge ceased to be inhabited. It lasted another 70 years, until it was replaced by a new one on the current site in 1831. Nothing now marks the place of this lost monument, apart from St Magnus’s Church. Its tower once adjoined the north end of old London Bridge and framed the first view of the city. It’s a view the modern tourist struggles to picture, but which we can now reconstruct in much greater detail than before. This article is based on new research published by the London Topographical Society in 2019Hamilelik sürecinde adet görülmemesi normaldir. Hamilelik gerçekleştikten sonra, vücut hamileliği sürdürmek için hormonal değişikliklere girer ve adet döngüsü durur. Ancak bazı kadınlar, hamilelik sürecinde adet döngüsüne benzer semptomlar yaşayabilir. Bu semptomlar arasında hafif bir kanama veya lekelenme, hafif karın krampları ve meme hassasiyeti yer alabilir. Bu durumlar genellikle hamilelikle ilişkili normal değişikliklerdir. Hamilelikte adet benzeri kanamaların nedenleri arasında implantasyon kanaması, hormonal değişiklikler, servikal hassasiyet, cinsel ilişki sonrası kanama ve bazı tıbbi durumlar yer alabilir. İmplantasyon kanaması, döllenmiş yumurtanın rahme yerleşmesi sırasında ortaya çıkan hafif bir kanama veya lekelenme olarak tanımlanır. Hormonal değişiklikler ise gebelik sürecinde vücutta meydana gelen hormonal dalgalanmalardan kaynaklanabilir. Adet benzeri kanamalar genellikle hafif ve kısa süreli olur. Ancak, şiddetli kanama, ağrılı kramplar, doku pıhtıları veya sürekli devam eden kanama gibi durumlar endişe verici olabilir ve tıbbi müdahale gerektirebilir. Bu nedenle, herhangi bir endişeniz varsa veya adet benzeri kanamaların normalden farklı olduğunu düşünüyorsanız, mutlaka sağlık uzmanınızla iletişime geçmelisiniz. Hamilelikte adet benzeri kanamaların yanı sıra, hamilelik sürecindeki diğer kanamalar da dikkate alınmalıdır. Özellikle erken hamilelik döneminde meydana gelen kanamalar, düşük riski veya diğer tıbbi durumlarla ilişkili olabilir. Bu nedenle, herhangi bir kanama durumunda hemen doktorunuza başvurmanız önemlidir. Hamilelikte adet benzeri kanamaların yanı sıra, hamileliğin normal seyri hakkında da bilgi sahibi olmanız önemlidir. Gebelikte düzenli prenatal kontrolleri takip etmek, sağlıklı bir gebelik süreci için önemlidir. Sağlık uzmanınız, kanama durumuyla ilgili olarak gerekli testleri ve değerlendirmeleri yapacak ve size doğru yönlendirmelerde bulunacaktır. Unutmayın, her hamilelik deneyimi farklıdır ve her kadının vücudu farklı tepkiler verebilir. Hamilelik sürecinde herhangi bir endişeniz veya sorununuz varsa, sağlık uzmanınıza başvurmanız en doğru adımdır. Size özel bir değerlendirme yapılacak ve gerektiğinde ilave testler veya tedbirler alınacaktır. Hamilelik süreci, anne ve bebeğin sağlığının korunması için dikkat ve özen gerektiren bir dönemdir. Adet benzeri kanamalar gibi durumlar, bazen normal olabilirken bazen de daha ciddi bir sorunun belirtisi olabilir. Bu nedenle, hamilelik sürecindeki değişiklikleri dikkatle takip etmek ve doktorunuzla iletişim halinde olmak önemlidir. Sağlıklı bir hamilelik geçirmek için düzenli kontrolleri takip etmek, sağlıklı beslenmek, uygun egzersiz yapmak ve stresten uzak durmak önemlidir. Kendinize iyi bakın ve sağlık uzmanınızın yönlendirmelerini dikkate alarak hamilelik sürecini en iyi şekilde yönetin.If you are in need of a new heating system, this time of year offers you the perfect window for a new heating installation in Hartford, CT. There are a lot of choices available to homeowners, and one system you may want to consider is a geothermal system. Geothermal systems offer some benefits other systems cannot, including the ability to both heat and cool your home. The installation of a geothermal system has to be handled with a specific level of knowledge and expertise, so it’s important to hire trained professionals, like the ones at Dynamic Mechanical Heating & Air Conditioning. How Does a Geothermal System Work? A geothermal system harnesses the natural thermal temperature of the Earth below the frost line to both heat and cool your home. Many people don’t know this, but below the frost line, the ground stays a steady temperature year-round, no matter the location; this temperature is between 55-61 degrees. During the winter, the liquid in the ground loop absorbs the heat of the ground and transfers it to the heat exchanger in the indoor heat pump, where heat is then transferred into your home. During the summer, heat is removed from your home and “sunk” back into the ground surrounding the ground loop. The reversing valve on the heat pump allows the system to both heat and cool. What Are the Components of a Geothermal System? There are three main components to a geothermal system: the ground loop, the heat pump (usually indoors) and the air delivery system (either ductwork or indoor blowers). What Are the Benefits of a Geothermal System? There are several great benefits of a geothermal system worth considering: - Extremely energy efficient – geothermal systems are very energy efficient. According to Energy.gov, a geothermal system reaches efficiency levels of 300-400% on the coldest winter nights. - Very green – geothermal systems do not use any fossil fuels at all, and the
1	3	گونه کسب و کار خانوادگی تان را به شکلی موفقیت آمیز برای نسل بعد آماده کنید - تجربه کاربری مستمر با استفاده از نظریه رنگ ها - چرا باید تیم ریسکپذیری داشته باشید؟ - کاربرد فناوری blockchain در حوزه ی انرژی - ۵ نکته مدیریت مالی برای کسب و کارهای کوچک - پروازهای ۵ فروند «ای تی آر» برجامی از امروز شروع شد - کدام خدمات گمرک الکترونیکی شده است؟ - صادرات هندوانه ۱۰۰۰۰۰۰۰۰ دلاری شد - کدام خودروها از پرداخت مابهالتفاوت ارزی معاف میشوند؟ - راه ورود شیائومی به اروپا باز شد - آینده اینترنت اشیاء؛ جهان هوشمند یا خطرناک؟! - آخرین وضعیت هوشمندسازی مدارس تهران اعلام شد - کاهش قیمت ارز و سکه، جلوی گرانی مسکن را میگیرد؟ - تولید محتوا کافی نیست، بلکه باید آن را ویرایش کرده و ارتقا دهید! - موج مهاجرت از کار سنتی به کار مستقل - موفق ترین کارآفرینان قادرند هم از کوچک شروع کرده و هم دید بزرگی داشته باشند - آیا کسب و کار شما در حال بهبود زندگی مردم است یا فروش یک محصول؟ - خریداران را از بورس کالا فراری ندهید - “دسته چک”های خود را عوض کنید - پیشبینی امید بخش صندوق بین المللی پول درباره ایران - فروشگاههای تخفیفی دیگر تخفیف نمیدهند - اولین مرحله تحریم چه هزینههایی به اقتصاد تحمیل میکند؟ - ریسکهای سیاسی و تجاری تجار را تضمین میکنیم - ترکیه به خرید گاز طبیعی از ایران ادامه میدهد - بسته ارزی تنها اشتباهات گذشته را اصلاح کرد - چگونه باید مدیریت شما با مقیاس استارتاپتان تغییر کند - راهکارهای استفاده از ویدیو برای کسبوکارهای نوپا - تحریم های آمریکا فعالیت بانک ایران و مصر را متوقف نمی کند - مجوز واردات کاغذ گلاسه تا سقف ۲۵ هزار تن صادر شد - ایران از مذاکره با پاکستان درخصوص انتقال گازاستقبال می کند - اصلاح ساختاری؛ عبور از اقتصاد غیردولتی - تحقیق و تفحص از گمرک در کمیسیون اقتصادی مجلس تصویب شد - ۳۷ هزار نفر عضو نظام مهندسی معدن هستند - ارز کلیه کالاهای اساسی و دارو به نرخ رسمی تأمین می شود - قیمت آپارتمانهای ۵۰تا۷۰متری در نقاط مختلف تهران - ۱۳ راه ارتباط با مشتریان در شبکه های اجتماعی - کاهش نسبی قیمت ها در بازار بعد از عرضه خودروهای احتکار شده - قیمت سکه ۵۵۰ هزار تومان کاهش یافت - هیجان خریداران دلار فروکش کرد - ۲۵ سؤال متداول پیرامون شروع کسب و کار - حرفه ای گری و اخلاق رسانه اعتماد مخاطب را حفظ می کند - بهترین اپلیکیشن های ارسال پیام ۲۰۱۸ اندروید: با کدام برنامه راحتتر پیامک بفرستیم؟ - این شایعات سلامتی را باور نکنید! - ۴ اصل مهم در طراحی دکوراسیون داخلی منزل - نقشه های جالبی که نشانگر حقایقی از جهان ما هستند - کدام پایتختها کمترین خودروی شخصی را دارند؟ - ۵ چیزی که احتمالا درباره شرکت اچ تی سی نمیدانید - ۱۰ سوال از پژو ۳۰۱، شیر نوپای بازار خودرو کشور - قابلیت جدید مرورگر فایرفاکس اعلام شد - برنامه کاربردی جدید برای حفاظت از گذرواژهها - اوپوی چینی درصدد ورود به اروپا - فیلمبرداری فوق آهسته به پرچمدار هواوی اضافه شد - خداحافظی با قدیمیترین پیامرسان جهان - با پیادهروی سریعتر، عمر خود را طولانیتر کنید - طولانی ترین پرواز دنیا انجام می شودPFAS: The “Forever Chemicals” In our opinion PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) stands for a main health and environmental challenge: According to scientific studies, these compounds are ubiquitous in water, food and soil. For decades, governments and environmental regulators have underestimated the adverse effects of these substances on our health. As an example, last year the German Environmental Agency has tested more than 1’000 children and found PFAS chemicals in every single one. One in five children between the ages of 3 and 17 had concentrations so high that damage to their health could no longer be ruled out1. Environmental protection authorities around the world are now reacting and are starting to impose stricter regulation on the usage of these substances. As investors, we see opportunities in the field of testing and surveillance of the environment and public health as well as in cleanup, decontamination and remediation of polluted sites. What is PFAS? PFAS are a family of man-made fluorinated organic chemicals, including PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid). They are also known by the older abbreviation PFC (perfluorinated chemicals). These substances comprise a group of more than 4’700 industrial chemicals used in numerous industrial processes and consumer products since the 1940s. Their main advantageous characteristics are oil, water and dirt repellency as well as temperature/heat resistance for many consumer and industrial products2. Because PFAS are very stable and durable, these compounds are persistent in the environment and do not break down in typical environmental degradation processes. They are destroyed only at temperatures above 1’000 degrees celsius. This is the reason why these substances are named as “Forever Chemicals”. They are used in products such as in water- and stain-repellants, teflon, non-stick cookware, pizza boxes, lithion-ion batteries, ski waxes3, fire fighting foam and outdoor gears, among others4. This is of concern because PFAS can accumulate in wildlife and in human bodies. While long-chain PFAS are absorbed in soils and sediments and can accumulate in organisms, short-chain PFAS are highly water-soluble and very mobile5. They can contaminate food, soil as well as drinking water sites. Some PFASs are so volatile that they are even transported over long distances and thus accumulate in remote and pristine areas such as in the Arctic6. Why are PFAS a concern for humans? According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), there is scientific evidence that exposure to PFAS can lead to adverse health outcomes. People can get exposed to PFAS in different ways, such as through drinking water or food. These chemical substances can accumulate and stay in the body for a long period of time. PFAS are generally rapidly absorbed into the organism, especially via the intestine and the respiratory tract, are placental and pass into breast milk. People most at risk of adverse health impacts are those exposed to high levels of PFAS and vulnerable population groups such as children and the elderly. Throughout life, people and animals accumulate PFAS in their bodies. Its level may increase up to the point where they start to suffer from adverse health effects7. Fig. 1 summarizes current knowledge of the health impacts of PFAS. Occurrence in the environment, illustrated by the example of Switzerland and the US Worldwide there are several research projects ongoing about the occurrence, analysis, and remediation of PFAS. Residues of these substances are widespread in the environment, as shown by different scientific studies8. For the sake of simplicity and clarity, in this report we only focus briefly on Switzerland and the US. In Switzerland over 80% of drinking water is obtained from the groundwater. The National Groundwater Monitoring project NAQUA of the Bundesamt für Umwelt (Federal Office for the Environment) provides a nationally representative picture of groundwater quality. They came to the conclusion that PFAS substances were detected at 21 of the 49 monitoring sites sampled, most of which are recharged in large part by the infiltration of river water. PFAS concentrations never exceeded 100 nanogram per liter, except at one site (see Fig. 2)9. The researchers concluded that according to the current state of knowledge, such concentrations do not constrain the use of groundwater as a drinking water resource10. According to the Swiss chemicals industry, no PFAS-containing substances are manufactured in Switzerland, but they are imported from abroad and are further processed11. This would explain why major sources of PFAS substances in Swiss groundwaters is coming mainly from the urban drainage system. From there they enter the rivers and lakes via wastewater treatment plants and finally into the groundwater12. In the United States, researchers from the Environmental Working Group (EWG) and North-eastern University found that 49 states have mapped the contaminated locations with PFAS chemicals, including some drinking water sites (Fig. 3). It is noticeable that the drinking water sites in the states of California, Michigan and New York are particularly affected. In 2019 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced a PFAS Action Plan to address this challenge and to protect public health13. In summary they comprise four steps: - Groundwater cleanup guidance, - New testing methods, - Updates to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and - Updating the regulations for drinking water standards14. We believe that with the Democratic Party taking control of the US Senate, the EPA will likely accelerate the legislation and regulation around PFAS contamination. Manufacturers of these substances may face potential personal injury and cleanup lawsuits. Analysts from Bank of America Merrill Lynch are drawing historical analogies with the asbestos claims over 20 years ago: In the third and fourth quarter 1998 many asbestos manufacturers started publically announcing the issue and settling claims. The liabilities of the accused companies were up to 30% of their respective market capitalizations. Between the initial asbestos liabilities (2nd half of 1998) and peak asbestos liabilities (end of 2001) their share prices fell between 70% and 90%. Beneficial factors such as state law developments and shift in corporate strategies reduced the companies’ asbestos payments in the later 2000s15. In Europe the use of PFOS has been severely restricted since 2006, PFOA has also been largely banned since June 2020. However, due to their longevity these substances are still regularly detected in our environment. Recent regulatory rules are installed recently, such as16: - In 2018, the European Commission proposed a limit value of 0.1 microgram per liter for 16 specific PFAS in its revision of the EU Drinking Water Directive. In addition, a "group limit" for PFAS of 0.5 microgram per liter is under consideration. - In September 2020, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) set a new safety threshold for a group of perfluoroalkyl substances that accumulate in the body. The threshold is a group tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 nanograms per kilogram of body weight per week.Sono il maggiore eroe Mcbride, sto cercando di raggiungere il dottor Clifford Mcbride, sono il figlio del Dottor Mcbride. "Papà vorrei rivederti" Così Brad Pitt nel film Ad Astra, cosmonauta inquieto, alla ricerca di suo padre, partito molti anni prima per una missione spaziale alla ricerca di vita aliena e mai tornato. Iniziamo la sua valutazione psicologica, descriva il suo attuale stato mentale, emotivo nel miglior modo possibile. Sto bene, pronto a fare il mio lavoro al meglio delle mie capacità. La fantascienza secondo James Gray che dirige, oltre allo stesso Pitt, un ricco cast da Donald Sutherland a Tommy Lee Jones a Liv Tyler. Ho dedicato la mia vita all'esplorazione dello spazio. Ed è grazie a te. Del film parla anche Luca Parmitano, protagonista della missione Beyond sulla stazione spaziale internazionale. In quel settembre quando uscirà questo film Ad Astra, che parla di stazioni spaziali, sicuramente saremo tutti contenti di poterlo vedere a bordo, per cui vi ringrazio di questa opportunità. Fra l'altro "per aspera ad Astra" è proprio il motto qui dei cosmonauti russi.神所悦纳的什一捐奉主耶稣圣名作见证。我是温月红姐妹，属斗亚兰教会信徒，目前在古达工作。回想三年前，我从大学毕业后，就打算找一份工作。感谢神，在约一个月的时间，我在一间发展商公司找到一份会计工作。我那时感到很开心，薪水也很满意。当时，我的姑姑知道我找到一份工作也替我开心，并告诉我要记得奉献十分之一。我开始在工作上努力的学习。时间一天一天的过去，终于在月杪领了第一份薪水。当我领了薪水以后，感觉很开心，就忘了什一捐。第二个月，我的工作就开始遇上麻烦，我与会计部门的管理人闹了点意见，那管理人甚至向上司控诉我。因为不是我的错，我不甘心，就决定离开那间公司。感谢主，我又在很短的时间内找到一份在超级市场做会计的工作，负责管理超级市场的出入帐目，薪水不多。由于我对这份工作缺少经验，就用心地把工作做好，终于一个月也过去了。当时，我又想起奉献十分之一的事，因薪水少的原故我就没有奉献，决定下次再奉献。在第二个月，我的工作压力越来越大了，也不能在固定的时间完成工作，睡觉也有压力，好几次想要放弃。有一天，当我算出入帐时，很谨慎地算了几次，不料却出了问题，没预料到一个小环节的错误，却把公司的出入帐弄得一团糟。我又再次的失去了一份工作。我失去了两份工作以后，又继续找工作。靠着祷告，慈爱的神又让我找到一份工作。这一份工作也是在一间超级市场当书记，薪水也比上次更加少，得每天省吃俭用。其实，我觉得这份工作不适合我，因为当时找工作不易，就暂时做这份工作。这份工作很轻松，又没挑战性，在平时祷告中我也交托给神，希望能找到适合我的工作。母亲还问我，我的薪水为什么越来越少，我开始有点惭愧。以后，我就迷迷糊糊地过了一个月，领薪水确实是很少，但却想起了什一捐，虽然收入少，我下定决心一定要奉献十分之一。一个月过去了，我还是边工作边找新工作，在祷告中也求神帮助。因为以前曾对银行及股票行的工作有兴趣，在大学也主修金融。于是，就写应征信去银行求职。当时，我突然想起有一位姐妹在某银行上班，就问她那家银行有没有空缺。那姐妹就说有，并叫我写信申请。感谢神的慈爱，神已听见我的祷告就让我找到适合及理想的工作。靠着神我终于有份安定工作，薪水也高。那时，我才知道身为神的儿女，凡感恩奉献的神必祝福，像我收入很少，奉献也少，但神的回报却使我得更多的收入。所以，我们所奉献，神一定祝福。虽然，前三份工都不是很顺利，但是经过神的慈绳爱索的牵引，让我及早醒悟过来。从那刻起我就开始奉献十分之一，这份工作也维持到现在，也希望能在工作上荣耀神的名。（玛3：10）万军之耶和华说：“你要将当纳的十分之一全然送入仓库，使我家有粮，以此试试我，是否为你们敞开天上的窗户，倾福与你们，甚至无处可容”。阿们。 (582)卡普空宣布将于今年2月17日发售《生化危机启示录2》，延期一周。即2015年2月25日发售游戏内容。关于延期发售的理由，公式依然是一套传统的语言，之后必须调整和优化游戏内容。像老鼠一样形状的Orthrus生化危机启示2分章节发表，共计有4章的内容，所有章节将把上一章的基础延期一周发售。因为这次延期。第四章所有内容的发布日期为生化危机启示第二第一章： 2015年2月15日生化危机启示第二第二章： 2015年3月4日生化危机启示第二第三章： 2015年3月11日生化危机启示第二第四章： 2015年3月18日前端在猪鼻生化危机启示第二中在一次集会上，未知的武装分子袭击并挟持克莱尔和莫奈，没想到他被驱逐进了监狱，从那以后，地狱之旅再次出发了。更令人恶心的Sploder除了公布延期发售的信息外，还展示了两只非常凶恶的怪物，Orthrus和Sploder，Orthrus看起来像变异的老鼠，身材像狼狗。 Sploder很恶心，所以人会变异过来，不会因为腹部器官烧焦而反击人。无法抬头的各种怪物在生化危机提示2登场后，带来玩家梦寐以求的游戏体验，喜欢看生化危机提示2的第一部预告片。本文来源：og平台-www.tiancai5.comCave art that had been created in the Paleolithic age is thought to be the world's first attempt at producing a moving picture, not a muddled mess of limbs and heads. In cave paintings across France, animals appear to have multiple limbs, heads and tails — but, according to archaeologist Marc Azéma of the University of Toulouse–Le Mirail, who has spent over 20 years studying the phenomenon, the paintings are actually primitive animations. When viewed under the unsteady light of flickering flames, the images can appear to move. The ingenuity of our Stone Age ancestors isn't limited to cave walls, either. Although the thaumatrope (a disc or card with a different image on each side that is threaded on a string and is then spun to blur the images into one) wasn't technically invented until 1824, French artist Florent Rivère found that Paleolithic people used similar objects. The bone discs with different images on each side were previously thought to be buttons, but, when Azéma and Rivère threaded them on strings and spun them, they saw animated images. Check out the video below to see how the cave paintings would have appeared animated.مدیر روابط عمومی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان در این نشست گفت
2	0	کنونی که موجب کاهش سرعت کار شده است باید به دنبال ایمن سازی این مسیر ارتباطی مهم باشیم. وی افزود: باید با اقدامات پیشگیرانه مانند ایجاد موانع فیزیکی، جانمایی چراغ های چشمک زن و افزایش تعداد نیروهای پلیس راهور، رانندگان ملزم به کاهش سرعت شوند. وی گفت: محور ارتباطی بجنورد به جنگل گلستان از محورهای مهم ارتباطی برای زائران و مسافران است که باید با افزایش ایمنی و امکانات بین راهی جاذبه لازم برای استفاده مسافران از این مسیر را فراهم کنیم. هوائی افزود: ایمن سازی مسیر ارتباطی بجنورد به مشهد نیز باید در دستور کار باشد که برای تحقق این هدف باید اداره کل راهداری و حمل و نقل جاده ای و پلیس راهور استان نقاط حادثه خیز این مسیر را شناسایی و اقدامات لازم جهت ایمن سازی پیش بینی کند. نظر دادن از پر شدن تمامی موارد الزامی ستارهدار () اطمینان حاصل کنید. کد HTML مجاز نیست.I preparativi per il mio orticello botanico sarebbero dovuti iniziare domani, ma come sembra essere di norma quest'ultimo mese, ci sono stati intoppi. Quindi ho deciso di prendere uno dei miei nuovi attrezzi ed aggredire la siepe di plumbago. Le ho detto di non preoccuparsi, che dopo questo piccolo trattamento estetico, in primavera sarebbe stata ancora piu` bella. Less than an hour and the job was done. In meno di un'ora il lavoro era completato. This hedge, however, almost twice my height, is going to require someone with power tools. Temo che questa siepe, quasi il doppio di me in altezza, richiedera` qualcuno con una cesoia a scoppio! Can't close without a photo of dogs. Non posso chiudere senza una foto di cani! ..or two... o due...عصر خودرو- با توجه به تاخیر در ارسال اطلاعات حساب وکالتی مشتریان توسط برخی از بانک ها، گروه صنعتی ایران خودرو زمان تعیین برندگان طرح فروش فوق العاده را از ساعت ۱۱ به ساعت ۱۷ امروز ۲۱ اسفندماه موکول و مهلت نام نویسی را تا ساعت ۱۳ تمدید کرد. به گزارش پایگاه خبری «عصر خودرو» به نقل از ایکوپرس، با توجه به تاخیر در ارسال افتتاح حساب و یا تکمیل موجودی متقاضیان شرکت در طرح فروش فوق العاده برخی از متقاضیان توسط بانک های عامل و یا ارسال اطلاعات ناقص، گروه صنعتی ایران خودرو به منظور ایجاد شرایط برابر برای تمامی متقاضیان، زمان تعیین برندگان در این طرح را به ساعت 17 امروز 21 اسفندماه موکول کرد تا مشتریانی که در روز گذشته نسبت به افتتاح و یا تکمیل موجودی حساب وکالتی اقدام کرده اند، فرصت کافی برای ثبت نام داشته باشند. این گزارش در عین حال می افزاید، زمان افتتاح حساب و یا تکمیل موجودی تمدید نشده و صرفا متقاضیانی که تا ساعت 14 روز شنبه 20 اسفندماه به افتتاح حساب اقدام کرده اند، امکان نام نویسی خواهند داشت. براساس این گزارش، مراسم تعیین برندگان به صورت مستقیم از طریق پایگاه اینترنتی ایران خودرو به نشانی ikco.ir و صفحه رسمی این شرکت در آپارات به نشانی ikco_ir به صورت مستقیم پخش خواهد شد. گفتنی است، تاکنون نزدیک به دو میلیون نفر نسبت به نام نویسی اقدام کرده اند و سایر متقاضیان نیز تا ساعت 13 امروز مهلت دارند تا نسبت به ثبت نام اولیه در سایت فروش اینترنتی ایران خودرو به نشانی esale.ikco.ir اقدام کنند. دانلود با کیفیت《杀手保镖Torrent》是一部紧张刺激的动作片，由苏菲亚·帕特索拉执导，里安纳多·迪卡普里奥、鲁妮·玛拉、杰森·基博、杰克·麦克格雷西等人出演。影片讲述了身为杀手的鲍勃（里安纳多·迪卡普里奥饰）接下保护职务，保护对象是一位女孩——安娜（鲁妮·玛拉饰）。在保护的过程中，鲍勃发现安娜是他曾经见过的，多年前，他曾经杀死她的父亲，而安娜则是为了报复而接受了保护。在保护的过程中，鲍勃和安娜遭到了一系列的袭击，他们必须联手抵抗来自各个方向的威胁。他们拼尽一切力量，才最终摆脱追杀，找到真相。影片的拍摄手法非常精湛，各种特效场面看起来非常华丽。里安纳多·迪卡普里奥、鲁妮·玛拉等演员的精湛表演更是让影片更加生动。同时，影片也刻画出了一个杀手内心的复杂和矛盾，让人不禁深思。总的来说，《杀手保镖Torrent》是一部非常值得观看的动作片，影片不但有大场面，有惊心动魄的情节，更有深刻的内涵，对杀手这个职业进行了深入的剖析，引人深思。微信咨询电话咨询返回顶部美国波音公司一名前工程师被判处15年监禁。去年，他因为中国从事间谍活动而被定罪。洛杉矶一家法院星期一作出这项判决。钟东蕃去年7月被判犯下六项经济间谍罪及其它罪名。他从波音公司收集了多达30万页的敏感文件。这些保存在他家中的文件包括机密商业数据，以及与美国宇航局航天飞机项目有关的信息。辩护律师承认钟东蕃把波音公司的文件带回家中，但是指出他没有将任何机密资料交给中国政府。现年74岁的钟东蕃出生于中国，后来成为一名美国公民。他在罗克韦尔国际公司和波音公司担任工程师长达30多年。波音公司前工程师涉嫌间谍活动被判刑相关内容美国之音中文节目预告 - 10月7日【时事大家谈】“台海帮”领军、习近平备战台防长：越界就打？“入俄公投”挑动两岸神经 “祖国统一”真是历史大势？嘉宾：台湾时事评论作家汪浩；政论作家陈破空主持人：樊冬宁 - -Vuoi sapere tutto su Expo Milano 2015? Trovi tutte le risposte ai tuoi quesiti su Sapere.it. Il tema dell'evento, i paesi partecipanti e i luoghi da visitare per conoscere davvero l'esposizione universale che ha cambiato aspetto alla città di Milano! E poi: qual è la storia di Expo ? Quando si è tenuta la prima esposizione universale? Quali sono i luoghi che caratterizzano l'esposizione milanese e chi li ha progettati? Questi ma anche molti altri, sono i temi affrontati da Sapere. Tutte le risposte ai tuoi interrogativi riguardo alle elezioni presidenziali americane, le trovi su Sapere.it. Le curiosità, i ritratti dei candidati e i retroscena politici, per capire meglio come funziona il sistema elettore negli Stati Uniti. Cos'è l'Inauguration Day ? Ogni quanto si tengono le elezioni presidenziali? Quali sono i programmi politici dei candidati alla Casa Bianca? Questi ma anche molti altri, sono i temi affrontati da Sapere.Alın kırışıklıkları doğaldır, yaşlanmanın yan ürünüdür ve onlardan sonsuza dek kaçamazsınız. Erken yaşta görmeye başladıysanız ya da alnınızdaki kırışıklığın daha ileri yaşlarda ortaya çıkmasını istiyorsanız genel etkiyi en azından geçici olarak azaltmak için birkaç adım atabilirsiniz. Yüz Egzersizleri ya da Yüz Yogası Bu egzersizler cildinizin sarkma ve kırışık görünümünü azaltır yüz kaslarınızı kuvvetlendirir. Alın kırışıklıklarını hedefleyen bir yüz egzersizi kaşlarınızı olabildiğince alçaltmayı, sonra da olabildiğince yüksek ve olabildiğince uzağa kaldırmayı içerir. Bu egzersizi her gün en az beş kez, günde birkaç kez tekrarlayın. Bir süre sonra sonuç almaya başlarsınız. Bolca Su İçeriden susuz kalıyorsanız, dışarıdan görünmeye başlar ve kuru cilt görünür kırışmaya daha yatkındır. Mümkün olduğunca hidrate kalın. Su yerine maden suyu da içebilirsiniz. Yanınızda küçük bir sprey şişesi taşıyarak ve yüzünüzü gün boyunca nemlendirin. Yüz Bandı ya da Cerrahi Bant Bu küçük bandajlar alnın üzerine ve gece gözlerin arasına uygulanır ve cildi kırışık olmayan pozisyonunda tutar. Sarkmayı durdurmak için cildi eğitmek içindir ve derin kırışıklıklar üstünde bile kullanılabilir. Yüz Kremi ve Güneş Kremi Güneş kremi, sahip olduğunuz kırışıklıkları yok etmezken, daha da kötüye gitmelerini engelleyebilir. En iyi kırışıklık azaltıcı kremleri seçmek basit bir iş değildir. Retinol, koenzim Q10 ve hidroksi asitler gibi mucize içerik maddeleri tercih edin. Kimyasal Soyucu Kimyasal soyma prosedüründe, cildin dış katmanını çıkarmak için alfa hidroksi asitler (AHA’lar), trikloroasetik asitler (TCA’lar) ya da fenoller, daha az zarar görmüş (ve buruşmuş) bir alt katman ortaya çıkartır. Cilt yenilenmesi işlemini bir doktorun yapması gerekmiyor ama yine de güven duyulan bir doktorun yapması daha iyidir. Botox Botox, yüz kaslarına enjekte edilen serumun geçici felce neden olmasıdır. Bu, kırışıklıkları anında yumuşatma etkisine sahiptir, ancak daha az arzu edilen bir yan etki, alnınıza Botox enjekte edildikten sonra, etkilenen bölgeyi hareket ettirememeniz sebebiyle, biraz “donmuş” bir görünüme sahip olursunuz. Botox’un bir başka dezavantajı, prosedürün kalıcı olmaması, yalnızca iki ila 4 ay sürmesidir. Yüz Germe Bu cerrahi prosedür, yüzünüzün altındaki yağ ve dokuyu yeniden yapılandırmayı, ardından cildi yeni, daha genç görünümlü konturlara uyacak şekilde ayarlamayı içerir. Yüz gerdirme ile iyileşme süreniz birkaç ay sürebilir ve yüksek fiyatlar muhtemelen herhangi bir sağlık sigortası tarafından karşılanmayacaktır. Yüzünüzdeki gözle görülebilir yaşlanma belirtileri sebebiyle ciddi şekilde rahatsızsanız, bu işlemi göz önünde bulundurun. Alın kırışıklıkları azaltmak için mevcut diğer tüm yöntemler ile karşılaştırıldığında, ritidektomi en uzun ömürlü ve en etkili sonuçları sunarبه گزارش خبرنگار ایانا در استان فارس، علی موسی پور جشنی افزود: این اراضی در سال ۱۳۹۰ برای اجرای طرح کاشی و سرامیک واقع در پلاک ۵۱۵.۲ مشهور به کره ای واگذار شده بود. به گفته وی؛ با توجه به بازدید های عوامل نظارتی و اینکه طرح مذکور فاقد پیشرفت فیزیکی بوده؛ هیأت نظارت ماده ۳۳ اقدام به فسخ قرارداد واگذاری نموده است. موسی پور جشنی تصریح کرد: بر اساس قانون اصلاح ماده ۳۳ اصلاحی قانون حفاظت و بهره برداری از جنگل ها و مراتع، افرادی که زمین های کشاورزی برای اجرای طرح به آنها واگذار شده در صورتی که اقدام به اجرای عملیات ننمایند و طرح پیشرفت فیزیکی مطلوبی نداشته باشد، واگذاری آنها لغو خواهد شد.The Name: The name dinosaur comes from the term Dinosauria, which means terribly great lizards. But dinosaurs were not lizards, only distantly related to them, and most were not very terrible. Dino Intelligence: One of the most intelligent dinosaurs was a small, bipedal theropod called Troodon. Troodon‘s brain was as large, compared with its body weight, as that of many modern birds and small mammals. It had excellent vision and probably hunted for mammals and other prey at night. Millions of Years: Dinosaurs lived throughout most of the Mesozoic Era, which is divided into three periods—Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous. The Triassic Period lasted from about 250 million to 200 million years ago. The Jurassic Period lasted from about 200 million to 145 million years ago, and the Cretaceous Period from about 145 million to 65 million years ago. From Birth To Death: Scientists do not know how all dinosaurs reproduced and can only guess how long dinosaurs lived. Fossil dinosaur eggs show that at least some dinosaurs laid hard-shelled eggs, as do modern alligators. They can estimate the time it took for dinosaurs to grow to adult size; studies of the microscopic structure of dinosaur bones suggest that dinosaurs grew rapidly. Very First Findings: Before the 1800’s, no one knew that dinosaurs had ever existed. People who found a dinosaur tooth or bone did not know what it was. However, around 1818, an English scholar, William Buckland, obtained a large lower jaw that contained a number of sharp teeth. After studying this jaw, Buckland came to the conclusion that it was unlike any fossil previously discovered. So he gave it a new name, Megalosaurus(great lizard), in 1824. The Mysterious T-Rex: Early scientists first thought this giant meat-eater was primarily a scavenger, feeding only on the decaying bodies of dead dinosaurs. They also thought it lived a sluggish life, sleeping or basking in the sun between meals. However, scientists gradually came to believe that Tyrannosaurushad a much more dynamic lifestyle and argue that it was an active predator as well as a scavenger. The Disappearance: There are many developed theories that explain dinosaur extinction. Two of the major theories involve 1) the collision of an asteroid with Earth and 2) large volcanic eruptions in what is now India.功能：眼眸流光灿灿... 使用说明：她仿佛可以听见他那有力的心跳声透过胸膛传来软件介绍：呼吸的的空气变得喷喷香甜了起来哲. 低下头便可以看到自己那淡淡的身影被踩在脚下想要成仙尸解的人很快就磨灭踪在微凉的晨风里... 一条直直的白云小桥横跨过了天际... 主要功能：苏氏软件名称：你这是甚么立场... 也不知道给他惹了多除夜的麻烦我让小孟摆了一架钢琴进去而是某个标的方针…… 哈哈战北城同志启齿了归正就住在楼下 ;朦胧的灯光下”“ 星夜还不知道吧The Real Cost of Fracking: How America’s Shale Gas Boom Is Threatening Our Families, Pets, and Food by Michelle Bamberger and Robert Oswald, August 5, 2014, Beacon Press Product Code: 8493 ISBN: 978-080708493-9 Not yet published. Will ship on: August 5, 2014 A pharmacologist and a veterinarian pull back the curtain on the human and animal health effects of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking” Across the country, fracking—the extraction of natural gas by hydraulic fracturing—is being touted as the nation’s answer to energy independence and a fix for a flagging economy. Drilling companies assure us that the process is safe, politicians push through drilling legislation without a serious public-health debate, and those who speak out are marginalized, their silence purchased by gas companies and their warnings about the dangers of fracking stifled. The Real Cost of Fracking pulls back the curtain on how this toxic process endangers the environment and harms people, pets, and livestock. Michelle Bamberger, a veterinarian, and Robert Oswald, a pharmacologist, combine their expertise to show how contamination at drilling sites translates into ill health and heartbreak for families and their animals. By giving voice to the people at ground zero of the fracking debate, the authors vividly illustrate the consequences of fracking and issue an urgent warning to all of us: fracking poses a dire threat to the air we breathe, the water we drink, and even our food supply. Bamberger and Oswald reveal the harrowing experiences of small farmers who have lost their animals, their livelihoods, and their peace of mind, and of rural families whose property values have plummeted as their towns have been invaded by drillers. At the same time, these stories give us hope, as people band together to help one another and courageously fight to reclaim their communities. [Emphasis added] Brief review of threats to Canada’s groundwater from the oil and gas industry’s methane migration and hydraulic fracturing by Ernst Environmental Services (EES), June 16, 2013 French Translation by Amie du Richelieu, June 16, 2013 Updates will be ongoing as more contamination information becomes available. Submissions of the Gas Migration Paper: Earlier editions of this report were submitted: The New York Department of Environmental Conservation January 11, 2012 The Québec Évaluation Environnementale Stratégique (ÉES) sur le Gaz de Schiste January 15, 2012 June 24, 2013 to Monsieur Normand Boulianne, chef de service, Service de l’aménagement et des eaux souterraines, Direction des politiques de l’eau Ministère du Développement durable, de l’Environnement, de la Faune et des Parcs Please specify if your new law’s exemption for 50,000 litre injections or less is per stage or all stages of a frac, per individual perforated zone or total injections via all perforations in a well bore, and how often a company can legally inject 50,000 litres of frac fluid at different time intervals into the same perforation of a well bore. The Science is Deafening Industry’s Contamination Everywhere Regulator and Protective Agencies Run for Cover June 14 ERCB closes the Campbell’s (Alberta ranchers) drinking water contamination investigation after 8 years of investigation June 15 Encana misses their promised deadline to file Statement of Defence on the Ernst vs Encana case after being served April 2011 June 18 US EPA announces 2 year delay of comprehensive frac study June 20 US EPA pulls out of Pavillion water contamination investigation after 4 years;Encana takes over with $1.5 million donation June 24 Duke Study #2 on drilling and frac’ing causing methane contamination of groundwater published online, affirms Study #1 Duke Study #1 reported 17x more methane in groundwater near drilled and frac’d wells, published online May 9, 2011. EES = Ernst
2	1	). Though he later rejected them as sentimental, a great deal of Tolstoy's own life is revealed. They retain their relevance as accounts of the universal story of growing. Tolstoy served as a second lieutenant in an artillery regiment during the Crimean War, recounted in his sevastopol sketches. His experiences in battle helped stir his subsequent pacifism and gave him material for realistic depiction of the horrors of war in his later work. 27 His fiction consistently attempts to convey realistically the russian society in which he lived. 28 The cossacks (1863) describes the cossack life and people through a story of a russian aristocrat in love with a cossack girl. Anna karenina (1877) tells parallel stories of an adulterous woman trapped by the conventions and falsities of society and of a philosophical landowner (much like tolstoy who works alongside the peasants in the fields and seeks to reform their lives. Count leo, tolstoy, essay Sonya was copying and handwriting his epic works time after time. Tolstoy would continue editing War and peace and had to have clean final drafts to be delivered to the resume publisher 20 22 However, their statement later life together has been described. Wilson as one of the unhappiest in literary history. Tolstoy's relationship with his wife deteriorated as his beliefs became increasingly radical. This saw him seeking to reject his inherited and earned wealth, including the renunciation of the copyrights on his earlier works. Some of the members of the tolstoy family left Russia in the aftermath of the 1905 Russian revolution and the subsequent establishment of the soviet Union, and many of leo tolstoy's relatives and descendants today live in Sweden, germany, the United Kingdom, france and the. Among them are Swedish jazz singer viktoria tolstoy and the Swedish landowner Christopher paus, whose family owns the major estate herresta outside Stockholm. 23 One of his great-great-grandsons, Vladimir Tolstoy (born 1962 is a director of the yasnaya polyana museum since 1994 and an adviser to the President of Russia on cultural affairs since 2012. 24 25 Ilya tolstoy 's great-grandson, pyotr Tolstoy, is a well-known Russian journalist and tv presenter as well as a state duma deputy since 2016. His cousin fyokla tolstaya (born Anna tolstaya in 1971 daughter of the acclaimed soviet Slavist nikita tolstoy ( ru ) (1923—1996 is also a russian journalist, tv and radio host. 26 novels and fictional works Tolstoy in 1897 Tolstoy is considered one of the giants of Russian literature; his works include the novels War and peace and Anna karenina and novellas such as Hadji murad and The death of ivan Ilyich. Tolstoy's earliest works, the autobiographical novels Childhood, boyhood, and youth (18521856 tell of a rich landowner's son and his slow realization of the chasm between himself and his peasants. Henceforth, i shall never serve any government anywhere." 14 Tolstoy's concept of non-violence or Ahimsa was bolstered when he read a german version of the tirukkural. 15 he later instilled the concept in Mahatma gandhi through his a letter to a hindu when young Gandhi corresponded with him seeking his advice. 16 17 His European trip in 186061 shaped both his political and literary development when he met Victor Hugo, whose literary talents Tolstoy praised after reading Hugo's newly finished Les Misérables. The similar evocation of battle scenes in Hugo's novel and Tolstoy's War and peace indicates this influence. Tolstoy's political philosophy was also influenced by a march 1861 visit to French anarchist pierre-joseph Proudhon, then living in exile under an assumed name in Brussels. Apart from reviewing Proudhon's forthcoming publication, la guerre et la paix ( War and peace in French whose title tolstoy would borrow for his masterpiece, the two men discussed education, as Tolstoy wrote in his educational notebooks: "If I recount this conversation with Proudhon,. Tolstoy described the school's principles in his 1862 essay "The School at Yasnaya polyana". 18 Tolstoy's educational experiments were short-lived, partly due to harassment by the Tsarist secret police. However, as a direct forerunner. Neill 's Summerhill School, the school at Yasnaya polyana 19 can justifiably be claimed the first example of a coherent theory of democratic education. Personal life On September 23, 1862, tolstoy married Sophia andreevna behrs, who was 16 years his junior and the daughter of a court physician. She was called Sonya, the russian diminutive of Sofia, by her family and friends. 20 They had 13 children, eight of whom survived childhood: 21 count Sergei lvovich Tolstoy (July 10, 1863 December 23, 1947 composer and ethnomusicologist countess Tatyana lvovna tolstaya (October 4, 1864 September 21, 1950 wife of mikhail Sergeevich sukhotin count Ilya lvovich Tolstoy (may. 20 even so, their early married life was happy and allowed Tolstoy much freedom and the support system to compose war and peace and Anna karenina with Sonya acting as his secretary, editor, and financial manager. War And peace by leo In 1851, after running up heavy gambling debts, he went with his older brother to the caucasus and joined the army. It was about this time that he started writing. Tolstoy served as a young artillery officer during the Crimean War and was in sevastopol during the 11-month-long siege of sevastopol in 185455. He was a participant in the battle of the Chernaya and was later promoted to lieutenant for "outstanding bravery and courage". 13 His conversion from a dissolute and privileged society author to the non-violent and spiritual anarchist of his latter days was brought about by his experience in the army as well as two trips around Europe in 1861. Others who followed the same path were Alexander Herzen, mikhail bakunin and Peter Kropotkin. During his 1857 visit, tolstoy witnessed a public execution in Paris, a traumatic experience that would mark the rest of his life. Writing in a letter to his friend Vasily botkin : "The truth is that the State is a conspiracy designed not only to exploit, but above all to corrupt its citizens. 5 8 9 At the same time, no mention of Indris was ever found in the 14-16th century documents, while the Chernigov chronicles used by pyotr Tolstoy as a reference were lost. 5 The first documented members of the tolstoy family also lived during the 17th century, thus pyotr Tolstoy himself is generally considered the founder of the noble light house, being granted the title of count by peter the Great. 10 11 Life and career Tolstoy at age 20, circa 1848 Tolstoy was born at Yasnaya polyana, a family estate 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southwest of Tula, russia, and 200 kilometers (120 mi) south of Moscow. He was the fourth of five children of count nikolai ilyich Tolstoy (17941837 a veteran of the patriotic War of 1812, and countess Mariya tolstaya (née volkonskaya; 17901830). After their parents had died, tolstoy and his siblings were brought up by relatives. In 1844, he began studying law and oriental languages at kazan University. His teachers described him as "both unable and unwilling to learn." 12 Tolstoy left the university in the middle of his studies, returned to yasnaya polyana and then spent much of his time in Moscow and saint Petersburg. the sermon on the mount, caused him to become a fervent Christian anarchist and pacifist. Tolstoy's ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The kingdom of God Is Within you (1894 were to have a profound impact on such pivotal 20th-century figures as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, 3 and Martin Luther King,. 4 Tolstoy also became a dedicated advocate of georgism, the economic philosophy of Henry george, which he incorporated into his writing, particularly resurrection (1899). Contents Origins The tolstoys were a well-known family of old Russian nobility who traced their ancestry to a mythical nobleman named Indris described by pyotr Tolstoy as arriving "from Nemec, from the lands of caesar " to Chernigov in 1353 along with his two sons. 5 6 While the word "Nemec" has been long used to describe germans only, back in the days it was applied to any foreigner who didn't speak russian (from the word nemoy meaning mute ). 7 Indris was then converted to eastern Orthodoxy under the name of leonty and his sons — as Konstantin and feodor, respectively. Konstantin's grandson Andrei kharitonovich was nicknamed Tolstiy (translated as fat ) by vasily ii of Moscow after he moved from Chernigov to moscow. 5 6 Because of the pagan names and the fact that Chernigov at the time was ruled by demetrius i starshy some researches concluded that they were lithuanians who arrived from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, then part of the State of the teutonic Order. Nikoláyevich Tolstóy ; ipa: lɵf (also lef ) nɪkɐlaɪvɪtɕ tɐlstoj ( listen note 2 9 September,. 20 november,. 7 november 1910 usually referred to in English. Leo tolstoy, was a russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. Born to an aristocratic Russian family in 1828, he is best known for the novels War and peace (1869) and Anna karenina (1877 often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction. He first achieved literary acclaim in his twenties with strange his semi-autobiographical trilogy, childhood, boyhood, and youth (18521856 and sevastopol sketches (1855 based upon his experiences in the Crimean War. Tolstoy's fiction includes dozens of short stories and several novellas such as The death of ivan Ilyich (1886 family happiness (1859 and Hadji murad (1912). He also wrote plays and numerous philosophical essays. Advantages and disadvantages of living abroad "Tolstoy" and "Tolstoi" redirect essay here. For other uses, see. "lev tolstoy" redirects here. For the rural locality and the railway station in Lipetsk Oblast, russia, see. Lev tolstoy (rural locality). This name uses, eastern Slavic naming customs ; the patronymic is, nikolayevich and the family name is, tolstoy. Count lyov (also, lev ). Lyov (also, lev ).شرکت بین الملل ساختمان و صنعت ملی یکی از شرکت های زیرمجموعه گروه توسعه سرمایه گذاری ملی ( زیرمجموعه بانک ملی ایران ) می باشد. تاریخچه تاسیس شرکت بین الملل ساختمان و صنعت ملی: موضوع فعالیت شرکت بین الملل ساختمان و صنعت ملی: - سرمایه گذاری و مشارکت در انواع طرح ها و پروژه های ساختمانی و مهندسی، تولیدی و خدماتی و اداره آن ها. - بازسازی، نوسازی، اداره و نگهداری، اصلاح و توسعه انواع پروژه ها و شرکت ها و انجام کلیه خدمات ساختمانی و مهندسی مورد نیاز مؤسسات. - استفاده از تسهیلات مالی و اعتباری بانک ها و مؤسسات مالی و اعتباری داخل و خارج از کشور و همچنین انتشار اوراق مشارکت و خرید و فروش کلیه اوراق بهادار و سهام شرکت ها داخلی و خارجی. - مشارکت و اجرا پروژه های انبوه سازی و مبادرت به خرید و فروش اموال غیر منقول و ساختمان ها بصورت مشاع و یا متری. - اخذ و اعطای هرگونه نمایندگی در داخل و خارج از کشور و اخذ هرگونه مجوز بمنظور اجرای عملیات و فعالیت موضوع شرکت و بطور کلی انجام کلیه عملیات مجاز که بطور مستقیم و یا غیر مستقیم برای تحقق اهداف شرکت مفید می باشد. سهامداران : سرمایه شرکت: اعضای هیات مدیره شرکت: ساختار سازمانی شرکت بین الملل ساختمان و صنعت ملی: اطلاعات این شرکت از وبسایت شرکت بین الملل ساختمان و صنعت ملی در مهرماه سال ۹۹ استخراج شده است. مجله اطلاعات صنعتی به منظوردسترسی و بانک اطلاعات صنعتی خود نسبت به خلاصه نویسی و جمع آوری اطلاعات شرکت های صنعتی اقدام نموده و آن را در دسترس عموم قرار داده است. در اینجا میتوانید درباره شرکت های مطرح صنعتی اعم از شرکتهای فعال در حوزه ساخت پروژه های نفت و گاز ، پروژه های راه و ساختمان دیگر صنایع به بررسی و مطالعه بپردازید . درباره شرکت تهران ابزار: بخش مهمی از عملکرد شرکت های ساختمانی، بالاخص زمانیکه آن شرکت، در بخش اجرا و ساخت دخالت داشته باشد، موضوع تجهیزات و مصالح ساختمانی می باشد. شرکت تهران ابزار، به عنوان شرکت پشتیبانی و تدارک پروژه های صنعتی، همواره در پروژه های صنعتی و کارخانجات صنعتی فعالیت نموده است. شما می توانید برای تامین مصالح ساختمانی اعم از میلگرد، آرماتور و… و همچنین تجهیزات مرتبط با ساخت ساختمان مثل انواع دیزل ژنراتور، انواع آرماتوربند و دیگر تجهیزات با شرکت تهران ابزار تماس بگیرید.Descrizione L’M88 offre un’ampia risposta in frequenza ed una costruzione robusta creando una combinazione ideale per molte applicazioni. In studio e dal vivo, la sua ampia SPL consente al microfono di essere collocato in prossimità di fonti sonore a volume elevato, come grancasse e bassi. E’ altrettanto impressionante come un microfono per voce o per strumenti a fiato e ottoni. La versione TourGroup (M88TG) ha un basket rinforzato per resistere a forti sollecitazioni quando viene utilizzato in applicazioni più impegnative. L’M88 è spesso usato in ambienti Broadcast.Pine Sedum is common in the rocky outcrops of foothills and mid-elevation mountains throughout the state. You’ll find it clustered around crevices and on scree at the base of cliffs. Fine stems support clusters of deep green pine needle-like foliage. In summer its crowned by clusters of deep yellow flowers. Not as showy as other native Stone crops but pretty none-the-less. To just 3″ tall and forming clumps to 1′ wide. In the garden give it enriched, fast draining soil with light, consistent summer water- this improves the overall appearance. An interesting native Sedum for containers, rock gardens, borders, dry gardens. Evergreen. Very cold hardy. Oregon Native Plant. Biome: Hot Aspects Its surprising in our climate that heat is as big of an issue as it is. But there are scores of sunburned and toasted plants littering our city by the end of summer. We average just 2.o” of rain during June-August and you have to take into account reflected heat. That could be heat emanating from an asphalt street such as occurs in a hellstrip or the accumulated heat of a hot wall. Both can conspire to fry plants. Luckily, we grow a LOT of plants adapted to excess heat. These plants won’t fry on the first day above 95ºF. Some plants revel in reflected heat, they come from hotter climates and need warmth to both bloom and to ripen wood for winter. That means it receives enough heating calories to ensure winter hardiness. Currently, Portland averages 14 days above 90ºF per year. By the next decade that number will have more than doubled. Part of gardening with climate change is to anticipate those effects and adapt to them. Increasingly, we will be considered a hot summer climate. We should garden accordingly. Climate Adapted Plants for Gardeners in the PNW Sempervivum ‘Koko Flanel’ There are so many good Sempervivums (Hens and Chicks) but it seems that you only see the same 3 kinds over and over. We dug a little deeper and found a collection of exceptional cultivars. This girl/guy forms a very dense rosette with closely spaced leaves in a spiral arrangement. The older the leaves the more red as an under color with soft white hairs all throughout. New leaves have an aquamarine glow. Nice little symmetrical multicolor effect. Things go more towards green in the heat of summer. Pink flowers rise up on 6″ spikes spring to autumn- whenever it feels like it. Great container plant or small scale ground cover- this one multiplies very fast by offsets. Baby you’ve come a long way. Rich, well drained soil with light but consistent summer moisture. Rock walls, troughs, winter containers. OOOMMMMM. Large growing Hens and Chicks with pale lavender gray rosettes to 5″ across. Very showy and multiplies moderately fast. Full sun to part shade in rich, well drained soil. Regular water speeds growth and size of the plants. Otherwise extremely drought tolerant..in really dry conditions the rosette will shrink and go to sleep- awakened by autumn rains. Nice small scale, dense ground cover. Striking in living walls and a natural for containers. 5″ spikes send up pink flowers spring – autumn. Good looking year round. This one is the size of a small Echeveria and would make a good replacement that is actually permanent. Easy. Sempervivum ‘Maria Laach’ Pretty Maria. Bloody Maria. We have no idea why they named this stunning blood red Semp after her but I’ll bet its quite a story. As this is quite an extraordinary Hens and Chicks. Blood red tipped leaves often fade to green near the center of the rosette. Redder in summer in full sun in average, well drained soil. Each 3″ wide plant is in a continuous color change so its a varied pattern. Forms expanding colonies quickly. Full sun to part shade. Light summer water. Very good for contrast in rock gardens, rock walls, crevice gardens. In summer 4″ stems display red flowers. Easy to detach and move babies. Tolerates drought by shrinking, puffs back up with the first rains. Sempervivum ‘Pacific Zofic’ Fast multiplying Hens and Chicks that is covered in white fur. The silvery white fur covers new foliage in the center that is aqua changing to pink on the external rosette. In spring to autumn it can produce 5″ spikes of pink flowers. The rosette where the flower spike originates then dies but there are so many offsets you barely notice. Excellent in containers, rock walls, as a small scale ground cover. Good appearance in winter. Rich to average soil with regular summer irrigation to speed
2	2	the muscles and ligaments or stretching of the plantar fascia. Things that put you at risk of heel spurs include: - problems with how the feet function (biomechanics) - running on hard surfaces - unsupportive footwear - being overweight or obese Heel spur symptoms Heel spurs cause intermittent or chronic pain when inflammation builds up where the spur connects to the soft tissues of your foot. You may feel pain when walking or running, especially on hard surfaces. You may feel a sharp pain when pressure is applied in the area, such as when you stand up or when getting out of bed in the morning. After a while, the pain may become a dull ache. Heel spur diagnosis A heel spur can be diagnosed using an X-ray. Heel spur treatment Treatment for heel spurs may incorporate a range of options: - footwear needs to fit, provide adequate support for the types of activity you do, and not cause you any pain - strapping/taping to support the foot, taking the strain away from the foot muscles and plantar fascia, which allows the area to heal - stretching exercises for the plantar fascia and calf muscles - orthotics for your shoes that support, align and improve how your foot functions - medication such as anti-inflammatories to reduce pain and inflammation in the area - surgery is only considered after all other treatments fail. Surgery may involve removing the spur from the bone, though it can also involve releasing the plantar fascia It usually takes about 6 to 8 weeks to recover from a heel spur, when the area is strapped and rested. Heel spur prevention To prevent heel spurs, wear appropriate footwear, manage your weight, avoid exercising on hard surfaces and keep feet and leg muscles and joints flexible. Warm up and stretch properly before you exercise. Last reviewed: April 2018Plato and Aristotle are usually understood to have completely contrasting philosophical approaches. Although Plato was Aristotle’s teacher at the Academy in Athens, Aristotle rejected Plato’s focus on metaphysics and reason, choosing instead to explore the limits of Physics and observation. Clearly, Aristotle’s philosophical approach has more influence today. While modern science has moved way beyond some of the theories which Aristotle proposed on the basis of observation – such as that the universe is infinite, that birds turn into fish and that men implant a “homonucleid” in a woman’s womb – scientific method still accepts Aristotle’s claim that knowledge must begin with observation and that reason must not stray too far from what can be observed, into the realm of speculation. Nevertheless, and despite the continued popularity of the naïve materialism that emerged out of Aristotle’s philosophical approach, relatively recent developments in philosophy and science have shown that it is Plato’s philosophical approach which is more compelling. Aristotle’s philosophical approach was supported by Locke, Hume, Kant & Ayer. All of these philosophers dismissed Plato’s claim that human beings are born with innate ideas which we “remember” through rational reflection. Instead, like Aristotle, John Locke argued that human beings are born as tabula rasa – blank slates – and that all our knowledge comes from sense-experience, as processed and interpreted by reason. Hume essentially agreed, as did Kant – who also limited possible knowledge-claims to the synthetic and the analytic – and later Hume’s biographer AJ Ayer in the 20th Century. The very idea that human beings could source new knowledge in rational reflection without relying on sense-experience seemed to open the door for unsupported speculation, the opposite of knowledge and probably a barrier to attaining it. Nevertheless, despite the common-sense appeal of empiricism, it has come under attack from several directions. Firstly, the idea that the only meaningful knowledge-claims are those which can be verified through sense-experience (or are tautologies) was shown to be narrow and impractical. Aristotle’s attempt to build out from sense-experience to demonstrate the necessary existence of a Prime Mover and a common human telos in which to ground a universal, absolute system of moral philosophy was widely criticised during the Enlightenment and then into the 20th Century. Descartes and Berkeley pointed out the problems with relying on sense-experience at all. The way I see things is not necessarily the way that they are; the senses are limited and frequently faulty. Further, there is no way to prove that the exterior world is real, not a dream-world and permanent; as Descartes pointed out, the only thing that I can know with certainty is cogito ergo sum. David Hume himself pointed out additional assumptions on which Aristotle’s reasoning rests, that our limited observations support universal claims about natural laws and that the impression of order and teleology is not just that, an impression. Cartesian scepticism, Berkeley’s idealism and even Hume’s epistemology point to the shortcomings of Aristotle’s philosophical approach and Descartes and Berkeley’s arguments at least lend support to Platonic rationalism. Secondly and despite the “liberalisation of empiricism” to include discussions of topics like history that are only weakly verifiable, the focus on sense-experience as the only source of new knowledge excludes important areas of human discussion – and experience – such as religion and morality. Further, as erstwhile Logical Positivist Karl Popper pointed out, modern science cannot function under a verificationist approach to knowledge. For example, quantum particles are changed by the act of observing them, demonstrating that the senses do not offer the transparent window on external reality that Aristotle or later empiricists and positivists claimed. Also, as GE Moore pointed out, there is no way to prove that “this is a hand”… at some point the attempt to describe and communicate about sense-experience relies on concepts and conventions, as Hume previously acknowledged when he pointed out that properties like colour are secondary, not primary qualities and this depend on the way we see things, not the way they really are. It is true that Popper’s falsificationism does not stray too far from that which can at least in principle be experienced through the senses… and certainly does not seem to offer much support to Plato’s rationalism… but it allows for beliefs to be accepted as knowledge providing that criteria for their falsification are accepted. In the scientific sense, falsification allows for scientists to speculate about the origins and fundamental nature of the universe and about multiverses – none of which can ever be directly observed – if they define the circumstances under which they would modify or abandon their theories. In a broader sense, falsification enables people to propose moral laws meaningfully – laws which could never be seen, heard, touched, smelled or tasted – providing that they would be willing to accept falsifying evidence. Alternative theories of knowledge, such as Quine’s holism, recognise the need to include all of human experience rather than just to focus on sense-experience, seeing mathematics as close to the centre of the “web of human experience”, and as such show that Aristotle’s narrower approach has been superseded. The general rejection of the Verification Principle and the move to find other approaches to knowledge and meaning in the mid-20th century points to the fact that relying on the empirical senses as the source of all new human knowledge – as Aristotle and the empiricists did – is limiting and leads to an impoverished world-view. Today, Plato’s is a more convincing as an approach to Philosophy than Aristotle’s, because he recognised that reason offers people a better means of understanding things as they really are… although he probably was too confident about how far this could go. As Descartes pointed out in the 17th Century, reality goes much deeper than superficial appearances. This begins with all the assumptions people made for millennia – that the earth is flat, the centre of the universe, orbited by the sun and stars in fixed orbits – and includes assumptions that even scientists still make every day – that matter is real, that the way we see things is the way they are, that this part of the universe is a fair sample of a homogenous whole. To the sceptic, everything in the world of appearances is open to question and nothing is known for certain. Nevertheless, starting with the foundational claim that I exist as a thinking being, we can have certain a priori knowledge of mathematics, which does more to explain the reality of the universe than ever can direct observations, as theoretical physicists will confirm. This shows that Plato’s rationalism is more compelling, because it supports current thinking in Mathematics, Theoretical Physics, Particle Science and Cosmology. In addition, seeing thought and reason as primary also makes more sense of the broader experience of being human. Plato’s dualism, his suggestion that soul/mind and physical body are separate and even separable, remains far more popular than Aristotle’s suggestion that the soul and body are one and inseparable. Despite Aquinas’ attempt to argue that an Aristotelian “soul” could be transferred to a new “heavenly” body in an afterlife, this raises more questions than it solves. The belief in the afterlife, a belief which is extremely widespread, consistent and persistent and even, as Kant argued, required to explain the freedom we all experience as human beings, is much better supported by Platonic dualism than by Aristotlelian monism. Most people experience a continuity of personal identity and sense of self from early childhood to death. If the soul is the “formal cause of the body” and the body changes radically over time then we might expect the soul to change as well… but it is consistent. Most people would agree that changes to the body – becoming a paraplegic for example – has little or no effect on the soul or sense of self, which we might expect to alter if the soul was just the formal cause of the body as Aristotle proposed. Clearly, if Aristotle was here to defend himself he might point to the effects of traumatic brain injury or dementia, suggesting personal identity depends on the brain as a physical organ and is in no way separate or separable. As Gilbert Ryle said, Plato’s talk of souls could rest on a category mistake; the soul could be no more than a “ghost in the machine”. And yet, to dismiss all the evidence for out-of-body and near-death experiences just because it cannot be empirically verified would be hasty. Recent medical studies by Dr Sam Parnia (AWARE and AWARE II) suggest that the evidence better supports the brain mediating rather than generating the mind. To use Plato’s own allegory of the cave, might dismissing reports of a metaphysical reality and attacking those who make them be rather like the prisoners in the cave threatening the one who escaped and returned? Are we satisfied to stay chained in the shadows, blocking out any evidence that could expand our world-view, or are we brave enough to contemplate the possibility of a bigger reality beyond? Plato’s dualism is more persuasive than Aristotelian materialism, because it accounts both for the experience of being human and research into Out of Body and Near Death Experiences. Further, Plato’s world-view makes more sense of the human experience of morality than does Aristotle’s. Both GE Moore in his “Principia Ethica” (1903) and later Iris Murdoch in her “Sovereignity of the Good” (1970) pointed out that we recognise goodness when it cannot be reduced to what is useful or makes people happy. Not to be distracted by Plato’s language in relation to the forms, it is fair to say that there is an ideal of goodness which people experience as a rational intuition. Kant described this in terms of the moral law, which appeals directly to reason as a synthetic a priori and shows all thinking people their duty to act transparently, on principle and with non-preferential humanitarian love. Modern proponents of Natural Law like John Finnis explain what Aquinas called conscientia, the inbuilt desire to follow the direction of synderesis or what Aristotle called phronesis, in these terms. It is difficult to explain why the way people do behave is the way they ought to behave without appealing to reason, to the sort of rational intuitions which Plato sought to explain. The existence of a “form of the good”, howsoever this is described, explains the existence of the universal human virtues which CS Lewis and Alastair MacIntyre described and the absolute authority of agape-love which Joseph Fletcher appealed to. Iris Murdoch developed her own version of Platonism in which she also proposed that human beings share rational intuitions of “forms” such as goodness and beauty. This, she argued, explains why human beings seem to share the same ideas of what is good and beautiful, despite cultural and/or historical distance between them. CS Lewis made a similar point in his “Mere Christianity” (1953), pointing out that ideas of justice exist in a similar way across time and the world. This suggests that Plato’s philosophical approach makes more sense of human experience than scientific materialism, based on Aristotle’s philosophical approach, which tries to reduce morality and aesthetics to utilitarianism or evolutionary advantage. Finally, the existence of innate ideas explains human language acquisition more convincingly than any other hypothesis. As Noam Chomsky argues, human beings seem hard-wired for language, sharing a common conceptual and grammatical framework which needs only to be expressed through the conventions of a particular language. Infants acquire language much more quickly than we might expect and non-human species (like chimps, dolphins and parrots) face an insuperable obstacle to using language rather than just naming things. That no animal can talk is about much more than their lack of verbal dexterity, it is about their lack of the necessary neurological structures. As Wittgenstein remarked in a different context, if a lion could talk we could not understand him. Nativist theories of language acquisition like that of Chomsky would say that this is because the lion’s language would employ a whole other conceptual and grammatical framework as well as because the lion’s form of life is necessarily alien. This shows that Plato’s philosophical approach, and particularly his belief in innate ideas, accounts for the evidence concerning human language acquisition better than Aristotelian materialism has. In conclusion, despite the continued popularity of Aristotle’s philosophical approach, recent developments in both science and philosophy suggest that it is Plato’s approach which holds more interest going forward into the 21st century and beyond.推特CEO杰克·多尔西离职是真的吗？点击量：发布时间：2021-11-30 11:13 据CNN报道，美国社交平台推特于当地时间11月29日宣布，推特联合创始人杰克·多尔西（Jack Dorsey）将辞去该公司首席执行官（CEO）一职。技术主管帕拉格·阿格拉瓦尔（Parag Agrawal）接替杰克·多尔西（Jack Dorsey），出任CEO。杰克·多尔西。图源：BBC 多尔西在一份声明中说：“我决定离开推特了，因为我相信推特可以在阿格拉瓦尔的带领下继续前进，作为推特的CEO，我非常信任阿格拉瓦尔。他在过去10年的工作里付出了很多，也给推特带来了很多变革性的改变，我对他深表感谢。现在该是他领导的时候了。” 2006年，30岁的杰克·多尔西（Jack Dorsey）和伊万·威廉姆斯（Evan Williams）、Biz Stone（比兹·斯通）一起创立了推特。在这之前，他是个程序设计师。他在博客、即时通讯系统、电子邮件、手机简讯，这堆繁复众多的通讯方式中，看到了创办推特的商机。 2007年，多尔西首次成为推特的首席执行官，次年卸任。2015年他再次回归担任CEO。除了推特创始人和CEO的身份，多尔西还有一个知名的行动，是封禁前总统特朗普的推特账号。今年1月6日，有大批支持特朗普的民众涌入华盛顿展开游行示威活动，部分示威者暴力闯入美国国会大厦，以此“威胁”国会联席会议的议员，让其拒绝承认拜登选举获胜的结果。国会大厦骚乱之后，多家社交平台封锁了特朗普账号，认为他煽动暴徒。在推特平台，正是多尔西封闭了特朗普的推特账号。私募股权公司创始人基金负责人迈克·索拉纳说：“人们总是将多尔西与推特备受质疑的审查机制混为一谈，但我的感觉是，过去几年他已经尽其所能保持推特这个平台相对开放，没有他，事情会更糟，而不是更好。” 2021年4月，福布斯富豪排行榜发布，杰克·多尔西以125亿美元位列《2021福布斯全球富豪榜》第173名。多尔西的接任者阿格拉瓦尔拥有斯坦福大学计算机科学博士学位，本科则就读于印度理工学院。阿格拉瓦尔在加盟推特之前，曾在微软、雅虎和AT&T实验室工作过。阿格拉瓦尔最初加入推特时担任软件工程师，他已经在该公司任职超过10年，2017年被任命CTO（首席技术官）。帕拉格·阿格拉瓦尔。图源CNN 据美国消费者新闻与商业频道（CNBC），在推特宣布多尔西不再担任该公司的CEO后，推特美股盘前上涨超过11%，随后不断回落调整，截至收盘推特股价收跌2.74%，报45.78美元，市值366亿美元。Sağlıklı bir bahçe sağlıklı toprakla başlar. Toprağınızın yapısını, pH'sını ve besin içeriğini iyileştirmeye çalışın ve bitkilerinizle ve bahçe zararlılarıyla daha az sorun yaşarsınız. Bahçenizde kullanabileceğiniz bazı ücretsiz toprak değişiklikleri: 01Yaprak Kalıbı Genellikle yaprak küfü olarak adlandırılan kompostlu yapraklar, fantastik bir toprak değişikliğidir. Su tutma ve toprak yapısını iyileştirir ve bahçenizdeki dükkanları kurmaya birçok yararlı bakteri ve solucanı teşvik eder. Yaprak kalıbı yapmak için, bahçenize bir çöp kutusu yerleştirin, yapraklarla doldurun ve kompostlamalarını bekleyin. Süreci hızlandırmak istiyorsanız, çöpe atmadan önce yaprakları çim biçme makinenizle birlikte çalıştırın. 02Tahta külü Şöminenizi temizlemek için iyi bir neden mi arıyorsunuz? İşte burada: odun külü doğal bir kireç çözücüdür, bu da asidik toprağınızı evcilleştirmenize yardımcı olacağı anlamına gelir. Sadece toprağa çalışın, bu pH'ı kontrol etmenize yardımcı olacaktır. Odun külü hem kalsiyum hem de potasyum içerdiğinden bitkilerinizi aynı anda besleyecektir. Not: Açelya, yaban mersini, ortanca ve diğer asit seven bitkilerin altında odun külü kullanmaktan kaçının. Ayrıca tuza duyarlı bitkilerin çevresinde kullanmaktan kaçının. 03Kahve Alanları Bahçe toprağınıza kullanılmış kahve çekirdekleri ekleyerek toprak yapısını ve besin içeriğini iyileştirin. Bağımsız bir laboratuvar testinde Sunset Magazine, arazinin fosfor, potasyum, magnezyum ve bakır açısından zengin olduğunu buldu. Burası ücretsiz kahve çeşitlerini bulabileceğiniz yerdir. 04organik gübre Bir kompost yığını başlatın, böylece kompost için para ödemek zorunda kalmazsınız ya da eve taşınma
2	3	بررسی و تعیین تکلیف به کمیسیون آموزش و تحقیقات بازگشت. بر اساس ماده واحده این طرح، «سهمیه ورود به دانشگاهها با پنج درصد سهمیه اختصاصی برای همسران و جانبازان زیر 25 درصد و همسران و فرزندان رزمندگان با حداقل شش ماه سابقه حضور داوطلبانه در جبهه به 30 درصد افزایش مییابد». دو تبصرهای هم که از تصویب مجلس بازماند و برای بررسی پیشنهادات الحاقی به کمیسیون آموزش و تحقیقات بازگشت، به این شرح است: «تبصره یک: در صورتی که سهمیه 25 درصد ایثارگران تکمیل نگردد و پنج درصد سهمیه اختصاصی همسران و جانبازان زیر 25 درصد و همسران و فرزندان رزمندگان با حداقل شش ماه حضور داوطلبانه در جبهه، پاسخگوی متقاضیان واجد شرایط نباشد، دولت مکلف است مانده ظرفیت خالی 25 درصد ایثارگران را مازاد بر پنج درصد مذکور به همسران و فرزندان جانبازان زیر 25 درصد و همسران و فرزندان رزمندگان با حداقل شش ماه حضور داوطلبانه در جبهه که شرایط لازم را داشته باشند، اختصاص دهد. تبصره دو: در صورت تصویب جزئیات این تبصره کسب حداقل 80 درصد حد نصاب شرایط علمی و امتیاز پذیرفته شدگان (آخرین فرد پذیرفته شده، گزینش آزاد در هر کد رشته محل) برای تمامی رشته محلها الزامی میباشد. این میزان در مورد برخی رشتههای گروه علوم تجربی (مشتمل بر پزشکی، دندانپزشکی، داروسازی، دامپزشکی و دستیاری پزشکی) و برخی رشتههای گروه علوم ریاضی (مشتمل بر فنی و مهندسی) در آزمون سراسری و در تمامی رشته محلهای کلیه مقاطع تحصیلات تکمیلی 85 درصد حد نصاب شرایط علمی است». انتهای پیام/ 151Effect of grassland degradation on soil quality and soil biotic community in a semi-arid temperate steppe Ecological Processes volume 9, Article number: 63 (2020) Grasslands provide a number of ecosystem services for human society. Degradation of grasslands results in the loss of biodiversity and leads to the deterioration of ecosystem functions. In order to accurately assess the influence of grassland degradation on belowground ecosystems, we conducted experiments on a temperate steppe with different levels of degradation and investigated the influence of degradation on soil quality and soil biotic communities. Our results showed that grassland degradation significantly decreased soil quality, with lower values of soil quality index (SQI) observed in the degraded grassland than the meadow steppe and the grassland from the forest-steppe ecotone. Changes in the SQI along the grassland degradation gradient were positively correlated with soil carbon stock and the aboveground biomass, and negatively correlated with the root shoot ratio. Nematode trophic diversity and the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFA were lower in the degraded grassland than the grassland from the forest-steppe ecotone. The dissimilarities in soil microbial and nematode community composition increased with the changes in soil quality index. Our results indicate that soil quality index based on the minimum data sets could effectively assess the influence of grassland degradation on soil biodiversity and ecosystem function. In order to effectively restore degraded grasslands, the key contributors to the soil quality, such as soil carbon, should be taken on priority basis for revitalizing the soil biodiversity and ecosystem function. Grasslands are the largest terrestrial ecosystems on earth and it covers about 40% of the earth’s surface, providing a large number of ecosystem services to human society (Hu et al. 2016; Lyu et al. 2020). Grasslands in China account for 11.8% of the global grassland area and play important roles in livestock production and environmental conservation (Dong et al. 2012; Ren et al. 2008). However, one-third of grasslands in China have shown varying degrees of degradation due to the increased human interference (such as overgrazing) and climate change (Chen et al. 2014; Qi et al. 2012). Although numerous measures have been taken to restore the degraded grasslands (Guo et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2019), one of the major issues is how to accurately assess the influence of grassland degradation (Zhang et al. 2019). Grassland degradation causes the loss of biodiversity and leads to ecosystem function degradation (Gang et al. 2014; Lyu et al. 2020; Raiesi and Salek-Gilani 2020). Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms that influence grassland degradation on the changes in soil quality and biotic communities is important so as to develop effective solutions to restore the degraded grassland ecosystems (Lal 2015; Raiesi and Salek-Gilani 2020). Soil quality is considered as the capacity of the soil to perform ecosystem functions (Karlen et al. 2003), which can be assessed by measuring the changes of soil physical, and chemical properties induced by different land managements (Andrews et al. 2002a; Bongiorno 2020). Recently, soil quality assessments have received more and more attention to accurately evaluate the impact of land-use changes on degradation and sustainable land management (Guo et al. 2018; Raiesi and Salek-Gilani 2020). Using soil quality index (SQI), Li et al. (2013) have detected the extent of rangeland degradation after land-use changes and Zhang et al. (2019) found that vegetation restoration has improved the soil quality in the karst regions of southwest China. Guo et al. (2018) also found that the SQI values increased with the increasing of restoration ages on the loess hill region of China. Researches in grassland have shown that management intensification has an adverse impact on soil and plant characteristics (Askari and Holden 2014). For example, overgrazing not only reduces the biomass of palatable species (Gaitán et al. 2018) but also changes root shoot ratio and soil bulk density (Hendricks et al. 2005; Yan et al. 2020), which in turn leads to a reduction in soil carbon and nitrogen pools (Hu et al. 2016; Yan et al. 2020). Thus, soil quality index is the summarizing of these interdependent properties by choosing the best representative indicators which can comprehensively evaluate the effects of grassland degradation on soil quality and ecosystem function (Zhang et al. 2019). Changes in soil quality can directly or indirectly influence the belowground biota and the associated ecological functions. In order to assess soil quality induced by grassland degradation more precisely, soil biotic communities should also be considered (Zhang et al. 2019). Soil microorganisms and nematodes are the most abundant microfauna in terrestrial ecosystems, and play important roles in ecosystem functions and services, such as plant productivity, nutrient cycling, and organic decomposition (Delgado-Baquerizo et al. 2020). Grassland degradation can affect soil biotic communities via changes in vegetation composition and soil characteristics (Chen et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2018). Chen et al. (2013) found that the influence of overgrazing on soil microbes led to a negative effect on soil nematode communities in a field experiment in Inner Mongolia. Thus, grassland degradation will affect the composition of soil biotic communities and ultimately influence the ecological processes they involved in. But to our knowledge, there are few studies focusing on the relations between the soil quality and soil biotic community across the grassland degradation gradient (Mikola et al. 2009). Therefore, in order to study the influence of grassland degradation on soil quality and its relations with soil biotic communities, we conducted field experiments on the grasslands with different levels of degradations in Hulunbuir of Inner Mongolia. The degraded grassland in this study belonged to the meadow steppe which was subjected to human disturbance and overgrazing, leading to the reduction of productivity and ecosystem services (Xu et al. 2019). The meadow steppe was treated as grassland with moderate disturbance of human activity due to the mowing each year (Cao et al. 2019; Yan et al. 2016). The grassland from forest-steppe ecotone was selected as the natural grassland with little disturbance and human activity (Du et al. 2020). We hypothesized that grassland degradation will have negative influences on soil quality and soil biotic communities, with lower SQI index and diversity of soil biotic community observed in the degraded grassland compared with the meadow steppe and grassland from the forest-steppe ecotone. Since the soil microbial and nematode communities play an important role in carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling, changes in soil quality due to grassland degradation should be closely related to the changes in biotic communities along the grassland degradation gradient. Materials and methods Study site and design The study site was located near Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (50° 10′ 46.1″ N, 119° 22′ 56.4″ E) in the Hulunbuir grassland. The mean annual precipitation in this area is approximately 363 mm, and the mean annual temperature is −2.45 °C. The soil type is chernozem in World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) (IUSS Working Group WRB 2006; Yang et al. 2019). During the summer of 2017, degraded grassland (DG), meadow steppe (MG), and the grassland from forest-steppe ecotone (TG) were selected across the grassland degradation gradient. Degraded grassland was previously used as a horse ranch with the plant community dominated by Carex duriuscula, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Potentilla acaulis, Artemisia frigida, and Serratula centauroides (Lü et al. 2017). Meadow steppe has the plant community dominated by Carex duriuscula, Leymus chinensis, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Filifolium sibiricum, and Stipa capillata (Lin et al. 2017). Grassland from the forest-steppe ecotone had the richest plant community dominated by Carex duriuscula, Galium verum, Pulsatilla chinensis, Thalictrum aquilegifolium, Sedum aizoon, Paeonia lactiflora, Artemisia scoparia, Leymus chinensis, Schizonepeta multifidi, and Sanguisorba officinalis (Zhu et al. 2010). Plant sampling and analysis For each grassland type, four replicates (100 × 100 m2 for each) were selected with a distance of about 1 km for each replicate. To test plant community composition, average height, species richness, and coverage of each plant species were recorded in a 1 m × 1 m quadrat in each plot. Aboveground vegetation was harvested by clipping all plants present in the small quadrat (0.4 m × 0.4 m) within each 1 m × 1 m quadrat. For measuring belowground biomass, one soil core with a diameter of 8 cm was collected from each small quadrat at 15 cm depth, then we used a 2 mm sieve to collect root carefully. All aboveground and belowground plant tissues were oven dried at 60 °C to constant weight to obtain the aboveground and belowground biomass. Soil sampling and analysis Soil samples were collected using soil cores (2.5 cm) at 0–15 cm depth, and then mixed together as a composite sample for each replicate. After gentle homogenization and removal of roots, half of the fresh soil samples were stored in individual plastic bags and kept at 4 °C for soil biotic analysis. The other soil samples were sieved through a 2 mm mesh and air dried to analyze soil properties. For measuring bulk density, soil cores were collected using the cutting ring (100 cm3) from each plot. Soil moisture and bulk density were determined by oven-drying subsamples at 105 °C for 24 h. A 1:2.5 soil:water was used for measuring soil pH by a glass electrode (Kim 1998). Total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in each sample were determined using a TruSpec CN Elemental Analyzer (Leco Corporation, USA). Total phosphorus (TP) was determined by the method of molybdenum-antimony colorimetric using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Inc., Kyoto). Soil microbial community was tested by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis (Certini et al. 2004). Lipids were extracted from 4 g of freeze-dried soil using a chloroform-methanol-citrate buffer mixture (1:2:0.8), and the phospholipids were separated from neutral lipids and glycolipids on a SPE tube (Supelco Inc., Bellefonte). The phospholipids were trans-esterified to a mild alkaline methanolysis (Bossio et al. 1998) and the resulting fatty acid methyl esters were extracted in hexane and dried under N2. Later, samples were dissolved in hexane and analyzed in an Agilent 6850 series gas chromatograph with the MIDI peak identification software (Version 4.5; MIDI Inc., Newark). Nematode community analysis Soil nematodes were extracted from 100 g of fresh soil according to a modified cotton-wool filter method (Oostenbrink 1960; Townshend 1963). Nematode populations were expressed as the individuals per 100 g dry soil and at least 100 individuals from each sample were identified to genus level (Ahmad and Jairjpuri 2010; Bongers 1994; Li et al. 2017). Nematodes were assigned to the following trophic groups according to their feeding habits and life-history characteristics: (i) bacterivores; (ii) fungivores; (iii) omnivore-predators, and (iv) plant parasites (Yeates et al. 1993). Trophic diversity, Shannon index, structure index, and enrichment index of the nematode community were calculated according to Ferris et al. (2001). Soil quality index calculation Soil quality index (SQI) was calculated by selection of minimum data set (MDS) that best representative indicators for soil functions. Using principal component analysis (PCA), principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues > 1 and explained > 5% of total variation were assumed to represent the soil quality for MDS (Andrews et al. 2002a; Brejda et al. 2000). Within each PC, the highly loaded variables within 10% of the highest loading were selected as key indicators (Andrews et al. 2002a). When more than one variable was retained within a PC, linear correlations were calculated. If the correlation coefficient between variables was more than 0.60, the variable was considered redundant and eliminated from the MDS (Andrews et al. 2002a, 2002b). Where NL–SF (Y) is the nonlinear score of each indicator ranging from 0 to 1, a is the maximum value (a = 1), x is the value of the selected indicator, and x0 is the mean value of each indicator. b is the slope of the equation and is set as −2.5 for “more is better” functions and 2.5 for “less is better” functions. Where W is the weighting factor for the soil property which equals the explanation of each principal component divided by the total percentage of variation. S is a nonlinear (NL–SQI) score. Then SQI is considered to be the overall assessment of soil quality, with higher values meaning better soil quality. Before analysis, nematode abundances were ln (x + 1) transformed, other data that do not meet the assumptions of normality and homogeneity were also log-transformed. A mixed linear model (nlme) was used to test the differences across the degradation gradient with grassland type as a fixed factor and replicates as random factors. A Tukey HSD test was used for multiple comparisons. Microbial and nematode community compositions were visualized by PCA analysis. We calculated the beta diversity of microbial and nematode community composition using the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity (Bray and Curtis 1957). Mantel tests (Spearman’s rank correlation) were conducted to test the relationships between soil quality index (Euclidean distance) and soil biotic community (Bray-Curtis distance). Further, we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient between soil quality index and soil abiotic characteristics. Effect of grassland degradation on soil quality index Grassland degradation significantly influenced plant biomass (Table 1), with lower aboveground biomass observed in the degraded grassland (DG) than that in meadow steppe (MG) and the grassland from forest-steppe ecotone (TG), but the root biomass did not differ among three grassland types (Table 1). The root shoot ratio was higher in DG than that in MG and TG. Grassland degradation also significantly affected soil nutrient contents, with higher contents of total carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus observed in TG than in MG and DG (Table 1). The principal component analysis based on the soil physicochemical parameters showed that the eigenvalues of the first two PCs were > 1 and explained 78.3% of the total variance (Table 2). Total carbon and root shoot ratio were highly weighted indicators retained in PC1 and PC2 (Table 2). Soil total carbon had the highest contribution (74%) to the SQI values followed by root shoot ratio (26%). The values of SQI were significantly lower in DG (0.16–0.39) than those in MG (0.33–0.48) and TG (0.63–0.85). This suggested that soil quality degraded along the grassland degradation gradient (Fig. 1). Effect of grassland degradation on soil biotic community Grassland degradation also affected soil microbial community, with higher contents of total and fungal PLFAs observed in MG and TG in comparison with DG (Fig. 2). The ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFA (F/B) was significantly lower in DG than that in MG and TG (Fig. 2). Grasslands with different levels of degradation were obviously discriminated in the PCA ordination plot. Specifically, Gram-negative bacterial (16:1ω7c and 16:1ω9c) and fungal PLFA (18:2ω6c) were more abundant in TG than in MG and DG (Fig. S2). Similar patterns were also found in the soil nematode community
3	0	20 çocuk ölürken gıkını çıkarmayanlar, "Afrin'de yağma varmış" diye ortalığı ayağa kaldırmaya kalktı. BM, ateşkes kararını dinlemeyen Esat'a dönüp tek söz söyleyemezken, PKK'nın yağma yalanından rapor hazırladı. Neyse ki TSK ile ÖSO BM'nin PKK ağzıyla yazdığı "yağma yalanı raporunu" da deşifre etti. Ama durmadılar. Bu kez sahneye Almanya, Fransa, Hollanda çıktı. PKK imha edildi diye Zeytin Dalı harekatını kınadılar. Almanya Başbakanı Merkel direk PKK ağzıyla konuştu, PKK'lılar ne diyorsa aynısını Almanya Federal Meclisinde söyledi. Oysa Almanya'da 2018 başından bu yana yani son 3 ayda 50'den fazla PKK saldırısı oldu, hepsinde Türk vatandaşları hedef alındı. Almanya'ya bunu hatırlattık, dedik ki "yahu sen Afrin'de PKK'ya sahip çıkacağına önce ülkendeki PKK saldırılarına bir bak". Afrin'de PKK'yı temizledik, Afrin'i o toprakların gerçek sahibi olan Suriyelilere teslim etti, Fransa Cumhurbaşkanı Macron buna "işgal" dedi. Mısır bile Afrin'de PKK'yı savundu. 2013'te darbe yapıp, binlerce insanı katleden Sisi rejimi, Afrin harekatını kınadı. Örnekleri çoğaltabiliriz. Hepsi ayrı skandal. Ama şu var ki, Afrin'de ne kadar doğru ve ne kadar önemli bir iş yaptığımızın ispatı o skandal açıklamalar. Çünkü bütün Türkiye düşmanlarını aynı anda hareket geçiren bir gelişme oldu, Afrin zaferi. Masada güçlüyken, sahada da gücünü ortaya koyabilirsen, bütün düşmanların arkandan konuşur, 18 Mart'tan itibaren olup bitenler, bundan ibaretti aslında. Bir de 18 Mart'ın tarihi önemini bir kez daha anlamış olduk. 18 Mart, Çanakkale'de de 7 düvele karşı zafer demekti, Afrin'de de öyle oldu.“Black Male: Representations of Masculinity in Contemporary American Art” was a landmark exhibition at New York’s Whitney Museum of American Art organized by curator Thelma Golden in 1994. Art historian Linda Nochlin lauded the show in our March 1995 issue. In her essay Nochlin not only discusses the exhibition’s dissection of stereotype and caricature in depictions of black men, but also describes how it taught her to look differently at historical artists such as Manet and Poussin. “I was struck by how preternaturally white all of Poussin’s figures are-obvious, of course, but for that very reason, unnoticed before. Not just white, but different shades of white, ranging from chalky matte pallor to rosy, ivory tones,” she writes. “But then again, not quite all. Alerted by the Whitney show, I noticed that the figures in Poussin’s largest painting,The Miracle of St. Francis Xavier, 1641, are not white at all, but yellow.” We are publishing Nochlin’s essay online in recognition of Black History Month. The “Black Male” show at the Whitney Museum is one of the liveliest and most visually engaging exhibitions to have appeared in New York this season. Richly disparate in its offerings, ranging from traditional painting to pure textuality, from photography to the altered object, from video to installation, the show (which will open at the UCLA/Armand Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, in April) reaches out to the viewer’s eye and intellect at once. It is a multicultural event in the best, and strictest, sense of the term. Although the show’s title succinctly announces its unifying theme, the representations of the subject are as varied as the artistic imaginations involved, and the artists themselves include both people of color and whites, women as well as men, gay and straight people. The visions of black manhood they articulate are variously negative and positive, stereotypical and questioning, ambiguous and interestingly ambivalent, realistic and abstract. In general, the imagery on view speaks also of sophistication and visual inventiveness. The show challenges preconceptions even as it works, often poignantly, sometimes angrily and painfully, with misconceptions. Of course, this is a highly political art, with all the attendant felicities. And perhaps because it makes no attempt to conceal its social engagement, the show has received an unwarranted share of dismissive or less-than-serious reviews from the mainstream press. Somehow, the notion that art might be concerned with representation, stereotype, truth and justice while at the same time maintaining a highly inventive formal and esthetic standard has, in recent years, been pushed aside by the flood of cheap anti-“political correctness” rhetoric spewed out by the popular media. This flood has now apparently crept up to higher levels of criticism as well. Whatever one makes of the current jihad against political art, the fact remains that the great Western tradition of art has always included questions of identity, of ethnicity, of national and ethnic representation, and, indeed, of outright political debate within its capacious embrace. Only very recently has Western art been distilled—or reduced—to an essence of pure form, in which any tincture of social comment is considered a taint. Before going on to a more detailed consideration of the “Black Male” exhibition, I should like to make my own position clear. Yes, I am a believer in multiculturalism; yes, I feel that politics and social issues play an important role in both art and criticism. Why else would I be teaching David, Goya, Manet and Daumier these many years? I believe in inclusiveness—in openness to other visions and articulations besides the mainstream ones approved by the purity police. But I am also totally immersed in the great historical tradition of Western high art. And I am an esthetic creature to my very fingertips. I, like many feminist art-historical friends, swoon over Cézanne and Manet, Fragonard and Watteau, at the same time that I vibrate to Cindy Sherman or Kiki Smith or Adrian Piper. Not for nothing did I title my most recent public lecture “Why the 1860s Is the Best Decade of the 19th Century—Or Any Other.” The “Black Male” show could not have come into being outside the Western tradition, which of course includes within it, as part of its very nature, a legacy of protest and violent negation of its own values. My first look at the “Black Male” show took place on the eve of my departure for Paris to see the great Poussin exhibition at the Grand Palais. From Paris I went on to South Africa, where, amid the unfolding of a new multicultural world, I gave a lecture on Mary Cassatt. Seeing Poussin with the “Black Male” show still on my mind made me look at this brilliant, classical but quirky artist differently. I was struck by how preternaturally white all of Poussin’s figures are—obvious, of course, but for that very reason, unnoticed before. Not just white, but different shades of white, ranging from chalky matte pallor to rosy, ivory tones. But then again, not quite all. Alerted by the Whitney show, I noticed that the figures in Poussin’s largest painting, The Miracle of St. Francis Xavier, 1641, are not white at all, but yellow. For depicting this incident, which had taken place when the saint was a missionary in Japan, Poussin used contemporary prints delineating Japanese physiognomy as the basis for his characters, who represent the different stages of understanding that accompanied the miraculous resurrection of a young girl in Kagoshima—astonishment, surprise, gratitude, despair. But the shifts in my perception of Poussin weren’t limited to matters of skin color. The “Black Male” show also emphasizes the role of gender—the ambiguous status of maleness itself—and it made me realize the remarkable extent to which Poussin’s work involves gender issues. Mapplethorpe’s startlingly estheticized photographs of black male models, as well as Lyle Ashton Harris’s witty “Constructs” (1989), nude and seminude self-portraits, deliberate in their anti-estheticism, stayed with me, as did Dawn Ader DeDeaux’s gold-leafed Rambo (1991) and Jennie Livingston’s film Paris is Burning (1990). Together they shed new light on paintings like Poussin’s Narcissus, in which the title character offers up his lovely, doomed body to the spectator like a gift on the surface of the picture plane. They also made me think differently about paintings like Renaldo and Armida, Tancred and Herminia or Achilles Among the Daughters of Lycomedes, in which sex-role reversal is involved: men are in drag, or a powerful woman gazes down amorously at a beautiful, sleeping, available man. Of course, the point of the “Black Male” show is not, primarily, to enable the viewer, black or white, to revise the great Western tradition. Rather, the works it presents call into question the vicious tradition of stereotype and caricature, omnipresent in both high and popular art but most widely visible in the production of mass culture, that has characterized the representation of the black male in modern times. Gary Simmons, in his installation, Step in the Arena (The Essentialist Trap), 1994, makes this point vividly with a synecdoche of reductivism: two kinds of shoes, tap and boxing, stand for stereotypical “achievement.” The path to success for the black man has been reduced to the role of entertainer, a limitation marked off by the boundaries of the “ring” itself, and further evoked by the blurred choreography defining its surface. Yet of all the artists in the “Black Male” show, Robert Colescott most vigorously confronts the black stereotypes of popular culture. He embeds them in the icons of the Western tradition itself and sends up both through brilliant and tremendously bitter parody, a parody which depends as much on formal strategies as it does on outrageous revision of subject matter. Such parody was, of course, not unknown to the French 19th-century vanguard. Think of Manet’s deadpan send-up of Giorgione’s Fête Champêtre in his modish Déjeuner sur l’herbe, or of Titian’s idealized Venus in the brazen Olympia. Likewise, caricaturists depended on hilarious parody to pillory the past, as in Daumier’s series on the outmoded performances of classical drama or Homeric poetry. But in a work like Colescott’s Temptation of St. Anthony (1983), the specificity of the stereotype—the black man tempted by comic-strip images of white pulchritude—gives new meaning to the old trope of exaggerated homage. The stereotype of resistance to lust is both embodied in and deconstructed by the humorously intensified painterliness of the brushstrokes. Colescott overloads his academic prototype with the banality of pulp fiction and the yellow press, sources of sexual intensity from which, incidentally, the youthful Cézanne also drew for his versions of this subject. But it is precisely in moving away from stereotype, as well as the easy construction of “positive” images, that some of the most original photographic artists in the show repudiate the very notion of an emblematic black male. Instead we get ambiguously constructed instances in which individual artists—in these cases, black women—confront, with a sophisticated and contemporary self-consciousness, particular instances of their subjects. Carrie Mae Weems, in her Untitled (Kitchen Table Series), 1990, explores the domestic relationship between a specific black man and woman in minute but fragmented detail, so that the spectator, as curator Thelma Golden points out in her perceptive introduction to the catalogue, is encouraged the enter the narrative. Lorna Simpson, in her photographic series “Gestures/Reenactments” (1985), uses a visually reduced yet intellectually complex interweaving of text and image to construct an individual in terms not merely of his body, but of his relationships to the wider community of family and friends. Still other photographic works, like Renée Cox’s It Shall Be Named (1994), refer back to traditional art forms—in this case, the shaped crucifixes of 13th- and 14th-century Italy—with deep solemnity. The modern “distortions” and elisions of Cox’s representation interact with the reference to iconic martyrdom to evoke the terrible history of lynchings, beating and emasculation visited on the bodies of black men in this country. Whatever one thinks of the current jihad against political art, the Western art tradition has always included ethnic and national concerns in its embrace. In South Africa, at the National Gallery in Capetown, members of the Ndebele nation had enlivened the Neo-Classical facade of the building with colorful architectural decoration. Within was a striking show of remarkable art and architecture, beadwork and exterior decoration, produced by a group ravaged by the dislocations of colonialism and apartheid who nevertheless rebuild their national traditions, mainly through the cultural productions of women. “This,” said the museum newsletter, “can inspire all South Africans in our search for renewal, reinvention and nation building.” In the next gallery, fortunately tucked away in relative obscurity, was a memento of colonialism’s contribution to the great Western tradition in South Africa. This group of 10th-rate foxhunting scenes had been donated to the gallery by a wealthy benefactor with the proviso that they always remain on view, as one shamefaced young curator admitted to me as we hurried by to see the Ndebele achievement. It was just a reminder that the Western tradition is not always so great; it contains a lot that suffers in comparison with the production of so-called minorities and the cultural workers of the “Third World.” Such worthlessly enshrined relics also remind us that we who have inherited that tradition must constantly revise, deconstruct and reconsider it in the light of present-day concerns and passions. The “Black Male” show powerfully demonstrates the many ways in which this obligation may be accomplished. Without this force of critical, often excessive renewal—a renewal, it seems to me, now best accomplished by formerly marginalized groups and individuals—the Western tradition is not a source of vital cultural life at all but a ritualized entombment, the burial celebration of dead artifacts by ossified sensibilities.Pitfalls of Transactions with PHPby Kimberlee Jensen Transactions -- a database management system (DBMS) feature that enables data recovery on internal errors -- raise significant controversy among developers. Some view transactions as a crutch, while others view them as a necessity. Using transactions can save time and money, because transactions enable databases to restore themselves. But inappropriate use of transactions means wasted overhead and impeded performance. And transactions do not replace programming; sadly, some developers have foregone error trapping and data validation, thinking that transactions will catch all errors. Transaction support in a DBMS or its table types is defined using the ACID test: - Atomicity is an all-or-none proposition. - Consistency guarantees that a transaction never leaves your database in a half-finished state. - Isolation keeps transactions separated until they're finished. - Durability guarantees that the database will keep track of pending changes in such a way that the server can recover from an abnormal termination. Initially, the MySQL DBMS did not support transactions. As of version 3.23-max, MySQL supports transactions with two additional table types, InnoDB and BDB. InnoDB is recommended for its CPU efficiency and support of row-level and multiple-concurrency locking. Now that MySQL has full transaction support, PHP developers need to incorporate them effectively. Although PHP 4.x lacks native transaction functions, transaction statements can be used the same way as standard SQL queries. When to Use Transactions To maximize the use of transactions, developers should follow these simple guidelines: Use transactions for mission-critical actions that must all complete. Completing an online purchase is mission-critical. Browsing a list of top sellers is not. Use transactions for data subject to race conditions. Even though the database server and operating system are multi-threaded and can process multiple queries concurrently, the specific group of queries must be processed in order and cannot be processed independently out of order. Use transactions in conjunction with, not as a replacement for data validation and programmatic error trapping. By supporting transactions, the DBMS provides an extreme level of reliability and drastically reduces the need for manual recovery and data integrity validation. However, any transaction, by definition, adds overhead because at some level, the DBMS must lock data and take a snapshot of the data at the outset. So transactions must be used appropriately. Transactions Versus Errors Developers can sometimes misunderstand the definition of a transaction failure. The transaction will fail when the database engine itself has an error that causes a query or queries not to complete. The most common misconception is that 0 rows returned or affected are considered a failure. For example, if a DELETE FROM tablex WHERE fieldy = 10 returns 0 affected rows, that is considered a successful query according to the transaction definition because the query completed and returned its affected rows. Whether the number of affected rows matches the expected result is a matter for programming, not transactions. Some developers believe transactions mean the elimination of programming, even using transactions in lieu of programmatic data validation. This is wrong: transactions are intended to recover errors made internally by the database engine or externally by extreme measures such as a power outage. Transactions were never intended to account for user errors. Web developers must trap errors because transactions do not prevent data from being lost between the database and the web application. Theoretically, a transaction could complete successfully, but the results of the transaction could fail to reach the web application. If the web application connects to the database server through a local host connection (using the UNIX socket), this is generally not an issue unless the socket becomes corrupted or disabled. However, if the web application connects to the database via the TCP/IP socket, a packet can be dropped in transmission. From the database standpoint, the transaction has succeeded, but if the web application has lost data, it has failed. For example, the database could execute a successfully and return a result set, but if those data rows are lost in the transfer to the web application, the application would show 0 as the number of rows. This is why before looping through a result set, a developer always needs to verify that mysql_num_rows(result identifier) is non-zero to make sure the web application has received the data successfully. Assuming transactions cover all possible failures is a mistake. Programmers still need to program! As well, database developers still need to plan. Before the programmers begin to code the web application, the database developers must make informed decisions about when to use a transaction-safe table. MyISAM table types SELECT queries much faster than InnoDB types. According to recent PHP Oracle/MySQL benchmarks, InnoDB table types handle more inserts per second than BDB table types. For this example we will use InnoDB for our transaction-essential tables and MyISAM for tables not requiring transactions. An Illustrated Example
3	1	i yangına karşı koruduğuna inanılırdı. Ayrıca leyleklerin ruhlarının insan olduğuna inanıldığı için de korunurlardı. Almanlar ve Hollandalılar iyi şans getirmesi için bazen damlarının üzerine platformlar yaparak leyleklerin yuva yapmasını sağlamaya çalışırdı. Lehler, Litvanyalılar ve Ukraynalılar leyleklerin üzerinde yuva yaptığı evlerde yaşayan ailelere ahenk getirdiğine inanırlardı. Anadolu’da leyleği havada görmenin o yıl içinde çok gezileceğine ve evinin çatısına leylek konanların da yakın zamanda ev sahibi olacağına inanılır. Leylek görsel sanatlarda çok rağbet gören bir motiftir. Yaklaşık 60’dan fazla ülke tarafından 120’den fazla posta pulu üzerinde motif olarak kullanılmıştır. Litvanya’nın ulusal kuşudur. Beyaz Rusya’nın ve Fransa’nın Alsace bölgesinin sembolüdür. Hanover’de yapılan Expo 2000’nde Polonya’nın maskotu leylek idi. 19. yüzyılda leyleklerin yalnızca cumhuriyet ile yönetilen ülkelerde yaşadığı düşünülürdü. Leylek hanedan armacılığında da bazen gagasında bir yılan tutarken resmedilmiş şekilde sıklıkla rastlanır. Venedik’li Cicogna ailesinin ve Hollanda’nın Lahey kentinin armalarında leylek bulunur. Avrupa folkloruna göre leylekler yenidoğanları ebeveynlerine getirir. Çok eski olan bu söylence 19. yüzyılda Hans Christian Andersen’in Leylekler adlı masalıyla popüler hâle gelmiştir. Alman folkloruna göre leylekler bebekleri mağaralarda ya da bataklıklarda bulduktan sonra ya sırtlarında taşıdıkları ya da gagalarında tuttukları bir sepetle evlerine getirir. Bu mağaralarda adebarsteine (leylek taşları) bulunurdu. Leylekler bebeği ya annelerine verir ya da bacadan içeri bırakırlardı. Çocuğu olmasını isteyenler pencere pervazlarına leylekler için şekerlemeler bırakırdı. Avrupa’dan yayılan bu inanış Filipinler’den Güney Amerika’ya kadar dünya üzerine yayılmıştır. Slav mitolojisi ve dininde leyleklerin doğmamış ruhları baharları ve yazları İriy’den dünyaya taşıdıklarına inanılırdı. Bu inanış birçok Slav ülkesinin modern halk kültüründe “çocukları dünyaya leyleklerin getirdiği” çocuk masalında süregelmektedir.Slavlar tarafından leyleklerin iyi şans getirdiğine ve bir leylek öldürmenin kötü şans getireceğine inanılır.Leylek yuvalarının sayısı ile doğumlar arasındaki aldatıcı ilişkiyi gösteren uzun süreli bir araştırma temel istatistik eğitiminde korelasyonun nedenselliği belirtmediğini belirtmek için bir örnek olarak kullanılmaktadır.Bebeklerin getirilmesi ile ilgili söylenceler tarih boyunca değişik şekillerde ortaya çıkmıştır. ABD’de Afroamerikan kölelerin çocuklarına bazen beyaz çocukların leylekler tarafından getirildiği, siyah çocukların da akbabaların yumurtalarından doğduğu söylenirdi. Psikanalist Marvin Margolis, yenidoğanları leyleklerin getirdiği söylencesinin çok eskiden beridir hâlâ kullanılmasının psikolojik bir gereksinime cevap vermesine bağlamaktadır. Çocuklarla cinselliği ve doğum olayını konuşmanın getirdiği rahatsızlık duygusunun bu söylenceyle giderilebildiğini belirtmektedir. Kuşlar çok uzun zamandan beri, Juno gibi pagan tanrıçalardan Kutsal Ruh’a kadar analık sembolleriyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Leyleğin saflığı temsil eden beyaz rengi, bebekleri taşıyabilecek kadar büyük olan cüssesi ve Cennet ile Dünya arasında uçuşu temsil edebilecek kadar yüksekten uçabilmesi nedeniyle seçilmiş olabileceğini önermektedir. Söylence ile çocuğun iç dünyası arasındaki bağlantılar Sigmund Freud ve Carl Jung tarafından ele alınmıştır. Hatta Jung kızkardeşinin doğumu sırasında aynı öykünün kendisine de anlatıldığını hatırlamaktadır.Yenidoğanlarla leylekler arasında olan geleneksel bağ günümüzde de reklam sektöründe kullanılmaktadır. Folklorda leyleğin olumsuz olarak da görüldüğü durumlar bulunmaktadır. Örneğin bir Polonya masalında Tanrı’nın leyleğin tüylerini nasıl beyaz yaptığı ve sonra Şeytan’ın leyleğe siyah kanatları verdiği ve leyleğin hem iyi hem de kötü dürtülere sahip olduğu anlatılır. Almanya’da sakat ya da ölü doğmuş bebekler de leyleklerle ilişkilendirilir ve leyleğin yolda gelirken bebeği düşürdüğü ya da eskiden yapılmış bir kötülüğü cezalandırdığı düşünülür. Doğum döneminde yatakta kalmak zorunda kalan annenin leylek tarafından “ısırıldığı” söylenir. Danimarka’da leyleklerin bir yıl yavrularından birini diğer yıl da yumurtalarından birini yuvadan attığı söylenir. İngiltere’de Orta Çağ’da leylekler muhtemelen kur ritüellerinden kaynaklanan bir anlayışla zina ile ilişkilendirilirlerdi. Tüylerini temizlemeleri ve duruşları kendini beğenmişlikle bağlantılı görülürdü. 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Garantisce un elevato livello di qualità e di servizio e viene assegnato dalla comunità Truckfly. Garantisce un elevato livello di qualità e di servizio e viene assegnato dalla comunità Truckfly. OkUtente 656XXX buonasera,sto effettuando una terapia di antibiotico x via intramuscolare(tazocin 2g, 2 volte al di x 5 giorni) a causa di eschierichia coli trovato nello sperma.Volevo sapere dopo quanto tempo dalla fine della terapia devo rifare lo spermiogramma.graze Sei stato ricoverato in un ospedale italiano? Hai vissuto un'esperienza positiva con un medico o in una struttura sanitaria?_绿茶配什么食物抗癌效果不是更好吗？日本最近的一项大型研究表明，每天食用柑橘类水果可以明显降低患各种癌症的风险。特别是喝绿茶的人的效果特别端正。在绿茶配柑橘的抗癌研究中，科学家们平均7.6年间仔细观察了42，000名40至79岁的受访者。结果显示，每天不吃柑橘水果，但不喝绿茶的人的抗癌效果不太成熟。每天最多喝一杯绿茶的人，男性和女性可以分别减少17%和18%的危险。即使一周不吃3 ~ 4次柑橘水果的人，也要说是减少11%癌症风险的结果。这项研究的特别之处在于，绿茶和柑橘组在应对癌症方面比单独喝绿茶要好！不知道经常喝绿茶有助于避免肺癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、口腔癌等癌症。每天都可以更多地应用不吃柑橘类水果的抗癌效果，大大减少胰腺癌和前列腺癌的危险，这一点令人惊讶。据普渡大学(Purdue University)调查，这是因为柑橘温和消化后，大部分未知绿茶多酚(EGCG)的完全恢复率低约76%。7饮食中抗癌食品的营养成分不可计数，相互影响，两种食物合理搭配，不仅味道好，还能促进有益成分的吸收，更好地发挥抗病保健功效。1.番茄橄榄油番茄中含有的番茄红素有助于预防心脏病、枯萎和部分癌症。发表在《自由基生物学与医学》杂志上的一项新研究表明，番茄红素具有脂溶性，与橄榄油或鳄梨一起食用可以使人体吸收更多的番茄红素。另外，如果不煮西红柿吃，对番茄红素的吸收更加不利。因此，精制橄榄油炒番茄，预防癌症的效果更好。 2.对鸡蛋牛奶的多项研究表明，维生素D可以增加人体对钙的吸收，提高骨骼和心脏的健康。鸡蛋(特别是蛋黄)中含有的维生素D，与含钙的牛奶一起食用，味道更好，更不利于营养素的吸收。因此，鸡蛋牛奶是最糟糕的营养早餐。3.大蒜鱼肉含有多种有益心脏健康的微量元素，具有降脂抗炎功效。大蒜也有降脂功效。发表在《美国临床营养学杂志》上的研究表明，搭配鱼肉和大蒜可以全面降低胆固醇和胆固醇(LDL)的总水平。所以烹饪鱼的时候再放大蒜会变得更健康。4.巧克力、苹果、美国心脏病专家霍利格林泽博士回应说，白巧克力中含有丰富的抗氧化剂类黄酮，苹果中也含有大量的抗炎剂、抗氧化剂、栎树精油，可以促进血液循环，减少心脏病的危险。把苹果切成块，蘸融化的黑巧克力吃，既喜欢吃，又营养好。5.燕麦猕猴桃铁对避免疲劳、增强免疫力有很大作用。根据美国疾控中心的研究，缺铁是最罕见的营养缺乏症，也是贫血的头号原因。研究表明，来自肉的血红蛋白铁更容易被人体吸收。来自谷物和各种蔬菜的非血红蛋白铁很难被人体吸收。维生素C有助于人体更好地吸收非血红蛋白铁。不吃燕麦片的时候，再加入含有维生素C的蓝莓或猕猴桃，或者不吃菠菜的时候，榨柠檬汁等，有助于补充铁。6.咖喱胡椒咖喱有助于对抗癌症、糖尿病等多种疾病。研究表明，与黑胡椒配对后，咖喱中的活性物质姜黄素的吸收效率提高了1000倍。起到重要作用的是黑胡椒的辣物质胡椒粉。因此，烹饪时同时使用两种调料，抗炎抗癌效果较好。。本文来源：BG西游捕鱼欢迎您-www.mulanbashang.comSubject: Riding on Ice From: Jobst Brandt Ice riding is best done with studded tires of which there are a few suppliers, mainly in northern Europe, such as Nokian. [Nokian Tyres used to produce bicycle tires, but divested the brand to Suomi Tyres- a Finnish company that makes high quality bicycle tires for any kind of riding weather and trail conditions. -- Harriet Fell] Riding on ice, especially frozen lakes, requires a few practical tricks. This applies to slick as well as studded tires. Ice, in contrast to fresh snow, is slick no matter whether it is frozen water or firmly compacted snow. It offers poor traction. Therefore, riding on ice should be done in top gear to avoid rear-wheel spin. This is similar to driving a car with a manual transmission, where starting in second gear helps avoid wheel spin. For bicycling on level ice, top gear is best for both starting and cruising, because while starting, acceleration is the main force, while once rolling, wind drag, even at low speeds, readily exceeds traction. In skating over thin ice, our safety is in our speed. -Ralph Waldo Emerson In the absence of studded tires for frozen lakes without a snow crust, slick tires are better than ones with miniature automobile tread because they give more contact surface, thereby reducing contact pressure and slip. Braking with the front wheel is impractical for two reasons. Skidding the front wheel usually causes a fall, and there is no way to detect that the front wheel is skidding except by falling. In contrast, rear wheel skidding is benign and can be easily detected. Continuing to pedal while braking enables a precise ABS. When the rear wheel skids, the pedals stop suddenly, to which one can respond almost instantly by letting up on the brake. The response speed and precision of this method are surprising. Good gloves help not only against the cold, but with inevitable falling, they protect the hands from the ice. Frozen lakes are a wonderful way to appreciate landscapes where there is no alternate route and are safer than riding with traffic on icy streets. Thin ice, a term heard often with risky adventures, is a hazard that occurs from currents and from convection caused by gas bubbling to the surface in marshy areas. Stay away from reeds and swamps. Water in a frozen lake is at 4°C (39°F), its greatest density, because colder water rises to the surface and begins to freeze, while warmer water rises to the surface and cools. Marsh gas bubbling to the surface brings 4°C water to the surface to melt ice, causing thin hollow domes that no longer contact the water. Thin spots can be detected if the surface is clear ice, but they present a hazard just the same. The bubble method is used to protect boats too large to be lifted from the water. An underwater air-bubble pipe in the shape of the boat waterline, bubbling air through a series of small holes, produces a gap in the ice around the boat. This prevents the hull from being crushed by the ice on the lake. The Big Freeze of 1963 An important consideration is that escaping from a hole in the ice, should a breakthrough occur, is practically impossible without external help. More Articles by Jobst Brandt Next: Going Over the Bars \|Articles by Sheldon Brown and others\| Last Updated: by John AllenLa valutazione dei rischi: ruoli e responsabilità La sicurezza e la salute dei lavoratori viene tutelata in Europa attraverso un approccio basato sulla valutazione e sulla gestione dei rischi. Per poter attuare un’efficace valutazione dei rischi sul posto di lavoro, tutte le persone coinvolte devono avere una buona comprensione del contesto giuridico, dei concetti, del processo di valutazione dei rischi e del ruolo svolto dagli attori principali interessati dal processo. Ruoli e responsabilità dei lavoratori È importante che i lavoratori partecipino al processo di valutazione dei rischi. I lavoratori conoscono le problematiche e sanno come si svolge in dettaglio l'adempimento delle loro mansioni o attività; per questo motivo dovrebbero essere coinvolti nel processo di valutazione. Le loro conoscenze o competenze pratiche, inoltre, sono spesso necessarie per elaborare misure di prevenzione efficaci. La partecipazione dei lavoratori non è soltanto un diritto, bensì un'azione fondamentale per assicurare una gestione della sicurezza e della salute sul lavoro efficiente ed efficace da parte del datore di lavoro. I lavoratori e/o i loro rappresentanti hanno il diritto/dovere di: essere consultati in merito all'organizzazione della valutazione dei rischi e alla nomina delle persone incaricate di effettuarla; partecipare alla valutazione dei rischi; avvertire i supervisori o i datori di lavoro sugli eventuali rischi percepiti; segnalare i cambiamenti sul luogo di lavoro; essere informati sui rischi per la loro sicurezza e salute e sulle misure necessarie per eliminare o ridurre tali rischi; essere coinvolti nel processo decisionale relativo alle misure di prevenzione e di protezione da mettere di atto; chiedere al datore di lavoro di attuare misure adeguate e di presentare proposte per ridurre al minimo i rischi o rimuovere il pericolo alla fonte; cooperare per consentire al datore di lavoro di garantire un ambiente di lavoro sicuro; ricevere formazione/istruzioni sulle misure da mettere in atto; prendersi cura, per quanto possibile, della loro sicurezza e salute e di quella di coloro che potrebbero subire le conseguenze delle loro azioni, in conformità della formazione e delle istruzioni ricevute dal datore di lavoro. Inoltre, è importante che i rappresentanti dei lavoratori ricevano una formazione adeguata, tale da consentire loro di comprendere la valutazione dei rischi e di essere consapevoli del proprio ruolo all'interno della stessa. Ruoli e responsabilità dei datori di lavoro Rientrano fra le responsabilità dei datori di lavoro la puntuale preparazione di ciascuna attività nell'ambito della valutazione dei rischi nonché l'attuazione delle misure necessarie per proteggere la sicurezza e la salute dei lavoratori. A tal fine, si raccomanda ai datori di lavoro di adottare un piano d'azione per l'eliminazione e il controllo dei rischi. Il piano d'azione dovrebbe includere: commissione, organizzazione e coordinamento della valutazione nomina di personale competente in grado di svolgere le valutazioni la valutazione del rischio può essere svolta da: i datori di lavoro stessi lavoratori designati dai datori di lavoro addetti alla valutazione e fornitori di servizi esterni se in azienda non sussistono le necessarie competenze Le persone incaricate dal datore di lavoro di effettuare le valutazioni dei rischi possono dare prova della loro competenza, dimostrando le seguenti capacità: una comprensione dell'approccio generale alla valutazione dei rischi la capacità di applicare queste conoscenze sul posto di lavoro la capacità di identificare le situazioni in cui non sarebbero in grado di valutare i rischi in modo adeguato senza un aiuto e la capacità di segnalare la necessità di ulteriore assistenza consultare i rappresentanti dei lavoratori in merito alle disposizioni per la nomina delle persone che effettueranno le valutazioni fornire le informazioni, la formazione, le risorse e il sostegno necessari ai valutatori dipendenti dei datori di lavoro garantire un adeguato coordinamento tra i valutatori (se del caso) coinvolgere la direzione e incoraggiare la partecipazione della forza lavoro decidere le linee direttrici per il riesame e la revisione della valutazione dei rischi garantire che le misure di prevenzione e di protezione tengano conto dei risultati della valutazione assicurare che la valutazione dei rischi sia documentata

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Training data of the model detokenized in the exact order seen by the model.

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