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30666
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuzuba
|
Ubuzuba
|
ngokulinganayo, ubukhulu bomlelesa ophikayo odluliswa inzuba eyodwa, enomlelesa
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ophikayo odluliswa inzuba eyodwa, enomlelesa −1
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30667
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umzulendle
|
Umzulendle
|
njengabo. Ukuqinisekiswa kokuqala kokuhlongwa kwenziwa ngowe-1992. Umzulane ohlukile, owahlongwa okokuqala ngowe-1998, waqinisekiswa ngowezi-2003. Kusuka ngoLwezi mhla
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bokuqala bomzulendle baqoshwa ngonyaka we- 1917 kodwa bangaqashelwa njengabo. Ukuqinisekiswa kokuqala kokuhlongwa kwenziwa ngowe-1992. Umzulane ohlukile,
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30668
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMabonakude
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UMabonakude
|
waqala ukuba khona ngokwenziwa kwemigcwanso eminyakeni ye-1920, kodwa kungemuva kweminyaka embalwa yokuthuthukisa kwawo lapho lobu buchwepheshe bahuhiswa kubathengi. Emva kweMpi yoMhlaba yesibili, uhlobo oluphuculiwe lokusakaza ngomabonakude wemifanekiso emnyama-mhlophe lwaba nesibunge
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yesibili, uhlobo oluphuculiwe lokusakaza ngomabonakude wemifanekiso emnyama-mhlophe lwaba nesibunge kwelaseBrithani naseMelika, futhi omabonakude baqala ukwanda emakhaya, ezihwebeni, nasezikhungwini. Ngesikhathi seminyaka ye-1950, umabonakude waba Insiza
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30669
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/EzeziThununu
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EzeziThununu
|
ngenkobo enjengeyomuntu. Namuhla, ezezithununu ziwumkhakha okhula ngokushesha njengoba ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuphokoza; ukucwaninga, ukuklama, nokwakha izithununu ezintsha ezilungele ukukhonza ezinjongweni ezihlukene, emakhaya, kwezentengiselwano, noma kwezempi. Izithununu eziningi zakhelwa ukwenza imisebenzi eyingozi kubantu, efana nokucisha iziqhumani, ukuthungatha abantu abasindileyo phakathi kwemfucumfucu engazinzile, kanye nokuhlwaya imigodi kanye nokuphahlazeka kwemikhumbi. Ezezithununu ziphinde zisebenzise uhlelo lwe-STEM (inzululwazi, Ubuchwepheshe, umNgcikisho, nomchazazibalo) njengenzisa kufundisa. uMsukagama Igama lesiZulu elithi isithununu livela kwisichazamazwi sika-Doke noVilakazi, esiveza ukuthi lisho 'isigqila, umuntu othathelwa phansi, ongabhekwa njengomuntu'. Lisetshenziswa ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinguxa
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nokwakha izithununu ezintsha ezilungele ukukhonza ezinjongweni ezihlukene, emakhaya, kwezentengiselwano, noma kwezempi. Izithununu eziningi zakhelwa ukwenza imisebenzi eyingozi kubantu, efana nokucisha iziqhumani, ukuthungatha abantu abasindileyo phakathi kwemfucumfucu engazinzile, kanye nokuhlwaya imigodi kanye nokuphahlazeka kwemikhumbi. Ezezithununu ziphinde zisebenzise uhlelo lwe-STEM (inzululwazi, Ubuchwepheshe, umNgcikisho, nomchazazibalo) njengenzisa kufundisa. uMsukagama Igama lesiZulu elithi isithununu livela kwisichazamazwi sika-Doke noVilakazi, esiveza ukuthi lisho 'isigqila, umuntu othathelwa phansi, ongabhekwa njengomuntu'. Lisetshenziswa ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinguxa ezenza imisebenzi yabantu, azibona abantu, kodwana zisetshenziswa abantu sengathi ziyizigqila zabo, izithununu zabo. Cishe
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30670
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbuso%20wabantu
|
Umbuso wabantu
|
oludumile namuhla umbusowabantu ngababhekeli, lapho abantu bekhetha izikhulu zikahulumeni ezizobabusela njengombusowabantu womgwamaqa (parliamentary) noma umbusowabantu kamongameli. Ukwenziwa kwezinqumo kwansuku zonke okuvamile emibusweni yabantu kusebenzisa intando yeningi, nakuba ezinye izindlela zokuthathwa kwezinqumo ezifana nobuningikazi (supermajority) nokuvumelana nazo zibe ingxenye yemibuso yabantu. Lezi zifeza injongo emqoka ekubandakanyweni nasekubeni ngokomthetho okubanzi ezindabeni ezibucayi—ngokuphambukulingana ubuningi—futhi kanjalo kube isandulela ezingeni lomthethosisekelo. Kumxhantela ovamile wombusowabantu wobukhululeki, amandla weningi asebenza ngaphakathi kohlaka lababhekeli bombusowabantu, kodwa umthethosisekelo ukhawula iningi futhi uvikela ingcosana—imvama ngokuhlanganyela kwabo bonke emalungelweni omuntu ngamunye athile, isb. inkululeko yokuba nezwi noma inkululeko
|
wabantu ngababhekeli"). Labo abathathwa ngokuthi "abantu" nokuthi igunya lihlukaniselwana kanjani noma abantu baliphathiswa ababhekeli kanjani ezinye izinto ezaguquka emva kweminyaka nangamazinga ahlukene emazweni ehlukene, kodwa emva kweminyaka iningi labantu bamazwe ombusowabantu liye labandakanywa nalo ohlelweni. Izinsika zombusowabantu zihlanganisa inkululeko yokubuthana, nokuzihlanganisa nanoma ubani, amalungelo empahla, inkululeko yenkolo nokuba nezwi, ukubandakanywa nokulingana, ubusakhamuzi, ukuvuma kwababuswayo, amalungelo okukhetha, inkululeko ekuphucweni nguhulumeni ngokungemthetho ilungelo lokuphila nenkululeko, kanye namalungelo abayingcosana. Isicabango sombuso wabantu siye saguquka kakhulu emva kwesikhathi. Uhlobo lwendabuko lombusowabantu kwakungumbuso wabantu oqondile. Uhlobo lombusowabantu oludumile namuhla umbusowabantu ngababhekeli,
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30671
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuchwepheshe
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Ubuchwepheshe
|
kwenziwa kabanzi kwezokwelapha, inzululwazi, izimboni, ukuxhumana, ezokuthutha, nasempilweni yansuku zonke. Ezobuchwepheshe zihlanganisa izinto eziphathwayo ezifana nezingcedi noma izinguxa kanye namathuluzi angaphatheki afana namahlelokusebenza. Izintuthukiso zobuchwepheshe eziningi ziye zaholela ezinguqukweni zomphakathi. Ezobuchwepheshe zasendulo ezaziwayo kwakuyithuluzi letshe, elalisetshenziswa enkathini yanguna, lilandelwe ukusetshenziswa komlilo, okwaba negalelo ekukhuleni kobuchopho bomuntu nasekuthuthukiseni ulimi enkathini yeqhwa. Ukuqanjwa kwesondo enkathini yethusi kwenza kube lula ukuntinta kabanzi nokukhandwa kwezinguxa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwakamuva,
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sokushicilela, ucingo, kanye noxhakaxholo kudilize izithiyo zokuxhumana futhi kwangenisa umnotho wolwazi. Nakuba Ubuchwepheshe bunamagalelo ekuthuthukiseni umnotho nasekuphuculeni ukuxhuma kwabantu, bubuye bube nemithelela engemihle efana nokungcolisa umoya nokugcugcisa izinsizakusebenza, noma bungaba isisusa sezinkinga emphakathini njengokungasebenzi kwabantu ngenxa yezobuchwepheshe eziwphumela wenhleleleko. Lokhu sekuphumele ekutheni kube nezpikiswano kwezenjulalwazi nakwezombusazwe ngokuphathelene neqhaza kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe, imicondozo yobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokunqanda imijeyezo engavezwa yibo. uMsuka Igama elithi "Ubuchwepheshe" lisuselwa egameni lesizulu eliyisenzukuthi elithi "chwephe" okuvela kuso isenzo esithi "chwephesha" esisho ukwenza izinto ngobunono nangekhono. Umsuka wabizo lesizulu cishe wafaka noMsuka webizo lwesingisi elithi Technology elivela kwelesiGriki elichazwa kanje: ( Τεχνολογία, from
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30672
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uthimba
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Uthimba
|
ababili. Lomdlalo ubuye ubizwe ngokuthi uthimba lomhlaba ukuze uhlukaniswe kweminye imidlalo ehlobene nawo, efana ne-xiangqi (uthimba lwaseShayina) kanye ne-shogi (uthimba lwaseJaphani). Uhlobo lothimba olukhona manje lwadabuka kwelaseSpaniya naseYurophu eseningizimu engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-15 emva kokuthubeka kusuka kumdlalo ofanayo kodwa omdala odabuka eNdiya obizwa chaturanga. Namuhla uthimba liwumdlalo onesibunge umhlaba wonke, odlalwa izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Uthimba umdlalo weqhingasu elingumkhanyango futhi alubandakanyi ukwaziswa okufihliwe. Ludlalwa oqwembeni lothimba olunamagcagcane angama-64 alungiswe okocansi lwemigqa eyisiphohlongo.
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umhlaba wonke, odlalwa izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Uthimba umdlalo weqhingasu elingumkhanyango futhi alubandakanyi ukwaziswa okufihliwe. Ludlalwa oqwembeni lothimba olunamagcagcane angama-64 alungiswe okocansi lwemigqa eyisiphohlongo. Lapho uqala, umdlali ngamunye ulawula izinkomo eziyishumi mesithupha: inkosi eyodwa, indlovukazi eyodwa, imibhosho emibili, abefundisi ababili, izinkweli ezimbili, nezintindili eziyisiphohlongo. Umdlali onezinkomo ezimhlophe nguyena owenza umdiki wokuqala, bese kulandela umdlali wezinkomo
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30673
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uqwembe%20lothimba
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Uqwembe lothimba
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okuyilapho izinkomo zothimba zibekwa khona. Loluqwembe lumise okwegcagcane (square) futhi lunemibala emibili yamagcagcane amancane, omnyama nomhlophe, ngesifanelo esimabhadubhadu. Lapho kudlalwa, uqwembe lumiswa ngendlela
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khona. Loluqwembe lumise okwegcagcane (square) futhi lunemibala emibili yamagcagcane amancane, omnyama nomhlophe, ngesifanelo esimabhadubhadu. Lapho kudlalwa, uqwembe lumiswa ngendlela eyenza ukuba ingoni
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30674
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imboni%20%28kwezomnotho%29
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Imboni (kwezomnotho)
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ijinja "imivo yezibalomininingo" ngokobuqhebeqhebe bezomnotho ezibenzayo ngokuyinhloko. Kanjalo iMboni ichasiswa "njengeqoqo lemivo yezibalomininingo ejinjwe emunxeni ofanayo we-ISIC". Kodwa, umhwebo owodwa awudingi ukuba ube sembonini eyodwa, njengalapho umhwebo omkhulu (ovame
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ngokobuqhebeqhebe bezomnotho ezibenzayo ngokuyinhloko. Kanjalo iMboni ichasiswa "njengeqoqo lemivo yezibalomininingo ejinjwe emunxeni ofanayo we-ISIC". Kodwa, umhwebo owodwa awudingi ukuba ube sembonini eyodwa, njengalapho umhwebo omkhulu
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30675
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INgqalaba
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INgqalaba
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zihlinzekwa ngezizinda ezihlukahlukene: amahhovisi abelaphi, imitholampilo, izibhedlela, kanye nezikhungo zokuphathela zesifunda noma zikazwelonke. Imbuyekezo Ukuhlelwa neziqikili zezingqalaba zinqunywa izimfuneko ezihlukayo zongoti abasebenzi kuzo. INgqalaba yomchazandalo ingaqukatha isikhawulezisi senhlayiya (particle accelerator) noma ingosi yelinya (vacuum chamber), kuyilapho engqalabeni yokucandinkimbi (metallurgy) kungaba nethuluzi lokubumba noma ukucandula izinkimbi noma ukuvivinya ukuqina kwazo. Umthakizinhlwa (chemist) noma umchazimpilo bangasebenzisa ingqalaba
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ukuziphatha. Kwezinye izingqalaba, njengakulezo ezisetshenziswa usonzululwazi besiCikizi, iziCikizi (noma iziCikizikazi) ziyasetshrnziswa ekwenzeni imifefenyeko noma ukuhlaziya imininingo. Osonzululwazi kweminye imikhakha basebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zezingqalaba. Osonjiniyela basebenzisa izingqalaba ukuze baklame, bakhe, futhi bavivinye iziLekeleli zobuchwepheshe. Izingqalaba zenzululwazi ziyatholakala njengamagumbi wokucwaninga nezindawo zokufundela
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30676
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ULwebu%20lwesi-3
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ULwebu lwesi-3
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yoLwebu loMhlaba Wonke ohlanganisa izicabango ezifana nokunyomboniswa, ezobuchweoheshe bengqukuhlu,
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3.0 ) liwumbono lwempindo entsha yoLwebu loMhlaba Wonke ohlanganisa
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30677
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UHulumeni
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UHulumeni
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nohlobo lomthethosisekelo, umbhalo wegemu nenjulalwazi yawo yokubusa. Nakuba zonke zinhlobo zezinhlangano zinohlelo lokubusa, ibizo elithi uhulumeni livame ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile ukubhekisela kohulumeni bamazwe abacishe babe ngama-200 kanye nezinhlangano ezingaphansi kwabo. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zezimiso zezombusazwe esikhathini samanje zihlanganisa imibuso yabantu, ubukhosi, umbuso wezicukuthwane, kanye nemibuso yesandla esiqinile nendlovukayiohikiswa. Ngokomlando izinhlobo zohulumeni ezidumule zihlanganisa ubukhosi, umbuso wedlanzana, umbuso wabantu, umbuso kathixo, nobushiqela. Lezi zinhlobo azitholakale zihamba ngazodwa ngokuphelele, futhi uhulumeni oyingxube yiwona ojwayelekile. Isici esiyinhloko sanoma iyiphi injulalwazi kahulumeni indlela amandla okubusa izwe
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uhlelo noma isimiso esibusayo sombuso noma umphakathi. INgqoqelolwazi i-Columbia ichasisa uhulumeni ngokuthi "yisimiso sokulawula umphakathi esinelungelo lokushaya imithetho, nelungelo lokuyiphoqelela, futhi siphathiswe iqembu elithile labantu emphakathini." Nakuba zonke izinhlobo zezinhlangano zinendlela yokubusa ngaphakathi, igama elithi uhulumeni lisetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekubhekiseleni kohulumeni abazimele bamazwe womhlaba abangaba ngama-200, kanye nezinhlangano ezingaphansi kwabo, ezifana nohulumeni beziFundazwe kanye nohulumeni basezindaweni. Ibizo elithi 'uhulumeni' livela ekuphinyisweni kwegama lesibhunu elithi 'goerverment'
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30679
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMiyonzi
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IMiyonzi
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IMiyonzi yenelesi kanye nemiyonzi yentunge (izinhlayiyana ezilingana nempekumpeku ephumule) IMiyonzi yomyamuko, efana nomsindothule (ultrasound), umsindo, Kanye namaza womdlikizo (ancike ensizeni engokoqobo yokufufukisa) IMiyonzi yomnyondo, ethatha isimo samaza womnyondo, noma izingqimbana enkumbeleni yomkhathinkathi. Imiyonzi ivame ukumunxaniswa njengehonyozekayo noma engahonyozeki kuncike esidlakathini sezinhlayiyana eziyonzwayo. Imiyonzi eyonzwayo ithwala okungaphezu kwe-10 lwama-eV, okuyisbalo esanele ukuhonyoza amachwe namachembe nokuphula izibhonqi zevanga. Lokhu kungumehluko obalulekile ngenxa yomehluko
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noma ngensiza yomthako. Lokhu kuhlanganisa: IMiyonzi yeNzubawonga, efana namaza womsakazo, amachadaza, insibomvu, iSokhanya, amagu-X, kanye nemisebentathu (γ) IMiyonzi yezinhlayiyana, efana nemiyonzi ngqala (alpha radiation (α)), imiyonzi bhetha (beta radiation (β)), IMiyonzi yenelesi kanye nemiyonzi yentunge (izinhlayiyana ezilingana nempekumpeku ephumule) IMiyonzi yomyamuko, efana nomsindothule (ultrasound), umsindo, Kanye namaza womdlikizo (ancike ensizeni engokoqobo yokufufukisa) IMiyonzi yomnyondo, ethatha isimo
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30682
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongxiwankulu
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Ongxiwankulu
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imithetho yasemanxulumeni (e.g., imithetho yemikhandlusidlidli, amalungelo esidlidli, nomthetho wesidlidli waseJalimani), ngakho babengekho ongxiwankulu ngaphandle kwezakhamuzi zasesidlaveleni. Kunjulalwazi ka-Marx, ongxiwankulu bayisigaba somphakathi esaba ngabanikazi bezinsiza
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nesigaba sabasebenzi ngobunjinga babo, kanye nempahla abanayo ngokwesiko nangokwemali. Babuye bahlukaniswe ngezigaba, esincane (petite), esiphakathi (moyenne), esikhulu (grande), esiphezulu (haute), nesanguna (ancienne) futhi zizonke zibizwa ngokuthi "ongxiwankulu". Ongxiwankulu ngomqondo wendabuko yabo, bahlobene eduze nokuba khona kwezidlavela (cities), eziqashelwa imithetho yasemanxulumeni (e.g., imithetho yemikhandlusidlidli,
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30683
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umqobelo
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Umqobelo
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esimponya umthelela olindelwe umkhozi. Imithetho yezwe ivame ukuba nemfuneko yokuthi imikhiqizo yokudla ukuphekiwe iveze uhlu lemiqobelo, ikakhulukazi uhlu lezijotshelelwa ezithile. Emazweni amaningi athuthukile, umthetho udinga ukuthi kube nohlu lemiqobelo ebhalwe ngokwezisindo zayo emikhiqizweni. Uma umqobelo ngokwawo uqukethe eminye
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ezithile. Emazweni amaningi athuthukile, umthetho udinga ukuthi kube nohlu lemiqobelo ebhalwe ngokwezisindo zayo emikhiqizweni. Uma umqobelo ngokwawo uqukethe eminye imiqobelo (njengezinqgqezu zekhekhe eziyingxenye yesithoko selaza oluyiqhwa "sekhekhe nolaza"), khona lowo mqobelo ufakwa ohlwini ngamaohesenti aso akhona, nemiqobelo yaso ivezwa eceleni kwaso phakathi kwabakaki. Igama elithi
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30684
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isithako
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Isithako
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noma ingxube yezinto ezithake okuthile. Izithako zingaba ezicwebile noma ezingacwebanga, uTho oluphilayo noma olungaphili. Izithako zingajinjwa ngesiseko sezakhi zazo ezingokoqobo nezingokwevanga, noma ngendabuko yazo engokwezwe noma insebenzo engokwemvelo. Inzululwazi yezithako iwukufundwa kwezithako, izakhi zazo nokusebenza kwazo. Izithako zemvelo zihidaniswa (processed) ngezindlela ezihlukene ukuthonya izakhi zazo, ngokuzihlambulula, ukuzibumba noma
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engokwezwe noma insebenzo engokwemvelo. Inzululwazi yezithako iwukufundwa kwezithako, izakhi zazo nokusebenza kwazo. Izithako zemvelo zihidaniswa (processed) ngezindlela ezihlukene ukuthonya izakhi zazo, ngokuzihlambulula, ukuzibumba noma ngokuzixuba nezinye Izithako. Izithako ezintsha zingakhiqizwa ngezithako zemvelo ngokudidiyela.
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30685
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukuthokela
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Ukuthokela
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ukudla. Itswayi lingasebenza ukugqoba amanzi, noma ukwandisa isinandiso semvelo sokudla okukwenza kube kunothe kakhulu, kuye ngesidlo. Loluhlobo lwenkambiso lufana nokwelapha. Ngokwesibonelo, itswayi lwasolwandle (itswayi elincushuziwe) luhlukuhlwa enyameni yenkukhu, yesiklabhu, kanye nenyama yenkomo ukuze luyuthothise futhi luthuthukise isinandiso. Ezinye izithokelo ezifana nomkhengele omfipha ne-basil zidlulisela isinandiso
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akuyona into eyodwa", egcizelela ukuthi ukuthokela kuhlanganisa ukufakwa kancane Noma kakhulu kwetswayi uma kulungiswa ukudla. Itswayi lingasebenza ukugqoba amanzi, noma ukwandisa isinandiso semvelo sokudla okukwenza kube kunothe kakhulu, kuye ngesidlo.
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30686
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isinongi
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Isinongi
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isithelo, impande, igxolo, noma enye
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esetshenziselwa ukunandisa noma ukufaka
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30687
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impango%20yasePhalaphala%20yangowezi-2020
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Impango yasePhalaphala yangowezi-2020
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epulazini futhi bakhokhelwa ukuba bangasithi vo! nakancane kunoma ubani lesehlakalo. Abasemagunyeni eNamibiya bahlonza abasolwa ababandakanyeka ekwebeni lungakaziwa loludaba kodwa baluthalalisa emva kwezicelo zezingede zokuvikela zaseNingizimu afrika.. Imithombo eseduze nomengameli yona yaveza ukuthi nakuba ukwebiwa kwemali kwenzeka epulazini, isamba semali esibandakanyekayo sasiphansi kunaleso esivezwa uFraser nokuthi yonke leyomali yazuzwa ngokusemthethweni kolundela ukudayiswa kwezinkomo zama-ankole. URamaposa wathi akasibikanga lesigameko sokweba ukuze agweme ukuba imbangela yokuyaluza emphakathini wabalimi kodwa kunalokho kwaba ngcono ukuba abophiko labalindi bakamongameli kube yibo abaphenya lesehlakalo sokweba. Ukugqekezwa okusolwayo kwangowezi-2020 Kusuka ezinsolweni nasemacaleni avulwa ngu-Arthur Fraser, nazi izehlakalo ezenzeka: umsebenzi wasendlini oqashwe epulazini ePhala Phala wavubukula inkece yangaphandle kwezwe ithukuswe empahleni yasendlini. Lomsebenzi ube hlala ngaphandle kwepulazi emzini wase-Cyferskyl. Kunesibalo esikhulu sabantu baseNamibiya esihlala kulomuzi futhi badabuka kulabo ababelwa besohlangothini loMbutho wezokuVikela wasNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi seMpi yaseNingizimu Afrika yaseMgceleni bagcina sebehlala kuleli ngemuva konyaka we-1989. Waxoxa ngakutholile nabanye bomakhelwane bakhe abamxhumanisa nabanye abantu baseNamibiya abahlala eKapa, abangamsiza. Ukugqekezwa kwenzeka ngobusuku bukaNhlolanja 9 2020, ngehora le-10. U-Fraser uthi sonke lesenzakalo saqoshwa uhlelo lwe-CCTV. Abagqekezi ekuqaleni bagqekeza bangena egumbini okungelona futhi kwadingeka basizwe ngomsebenzi wasendlini ukuba hate egumbini elifanele. Emva kokugqekezwa, khona babalekela eKapa. Lapho kutholakala ukuthi kugqekeziwe, inhloko yophiko lwezoVikelwa kukaMongameli uJenene-nduna u-Wally Rhoode kuthiwa wabandkanyeka, eyalezwe nguMengameli Cyril Ramaphosa ukuba aphenye.
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namarandi ayizigidi ezingama-62) eyayigxishwe ngaphakathi kosofa zebiwa emzini ka-Ramaphosa osepulazini elisePhalaPhala elikumkhandlu wesifunda i-Waterberg , “cishe" ngomhla ziyi-9 kuNhlolanja 2020. Saqhubeka saveza nokuthi umengameli akawabikelanga amaphoyisa ngalobulelesi nokuthi ukuba khona kwesamba esikhulu salenkece yangaphandle kwakungabikiwe kwibhangengodla ngokulandela umthetho. Isimangalo sikaFraser saveza nokuthi abasolwa abahileleke ekwebeni bathunjwa ukuze bayohlonywa ngemibuzo. epulazini futhi bakhokhelwa ukuba bangasithi vo! nakancane kunoma ubani lesehlakalo. Abasemagunyeni eNamibiya bahlonza abasolwa ababandakanyeka ekwebeni lungakaziwa loludaba kodwa baluthalalisa emva kwezicelo zezingede zokuvikela zaseNingizimu afrika.. Imithombo eseduze nomengameli yona yaveza ukuthi nakuba ukwebiwa kwemali kwenzeka epulazini, isamba semali esibandakanyekayo sasiphansi kunaleso esivezwa uFraser nokuthi yonke leyomali yazuzwa ngokusemthethweni kolundela ukudayiswa kwezinkomo zama-ankole. URamaposa wathi akasibikanga lesigameko sokweba ukuze agweme ukuba imbangela yokuyaluza emphakathini wabalimi kodwa kunalokho kwaba ngcono ukuba abophiko labalindi bakamongameli kube yibo abaphenya lesehlakalo sokweba. Ukugqekezwa okusolwayo kwangowezi-2020 Kusuka ezinsolweni nasemacaleni avulwa ngu-Arthur Fraser, nazi izehlakalo ezenzeka: umsebenzi wasendlini oqashwe epulazini ePhala Phala wavubukula inkece yangaphandle kwezwe ithukuswe empahleni yasendlini. Lomsebenzi ube hlala ngaphandle kwepulazi emzini wase-Cyferskyl. Kunesibalo esikhulu sabantu baseNamibiya esihlala kulomuzi futhi badabuka kulabo ababelwa besohlangothini loMbutho wezokuVikela wasNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi seMpi yaseNingizimu Afrika yaseMgceleni bagcina sebehlala kuleli ngemuva konyaka we-1989. Waxoxa ngakutholile nabanye bomakhelwane bakhe abamxhumanisa nabanye abantu baseNamibiya abahlala eKapa, abangamsiza. Ukugqekezwa kwenzeka ngobusuku bukaNhlolanja 9 2020, ngehora le-10. U-Fraser uthi sonke lesenzakalo saqoshwa uhlelo lwe-CCTV. Abagqekezi ekuqaleni bagqekeza bangena egumbini okungelona futhi
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30688
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isithako%20semvelo
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Isithako semvelo
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wezolimo, ezamahlathi, zodobo noma izimbiwa ngesimo sazo esingokwemvelo noma esezishintshiwe ukuze zilungele ukuhuhiswa Emazweni wonke ngamanani amakhulu." Ibizo elithi isithako semvelo isibili lisho isithako esiyimfucuza esihlumeleliswebusha saphindwe
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noma "noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wezolimo, ezamahlathi, zodobo noma izimbiwa ngesimo sazo esingokwemvelo noma esezishintshiwe ukuze zilungele ukuhuhiswa Emazweni wonke ngamanani amakhulu." Ibizo elithi isithako semvelo isibili lisho isithako esiyimfucuza esihlumeleliswebusha saphindwe sabuyiselwa ukuze
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30689
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UbuCiko%20boHlakahlisombulu
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UbuCiko boHlakahlisombulu
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yonke imisebenzi yobuciko ekhandwe ngokusebenzisa uhlakahlisombulu. amathuluzi nezinqubo imifanekiso Kunezindlela eziningi zokukhanda ubuciko bohlakahlisombulu, ezihlanganisa inqubo "esekwe emithethweni" yokuphehla imifanekiso ngokusebenzisa izifanelo zomchazazibalo, imicikizo efefenyeka imishwe ngesihlanguli nezinye izitheleli ezibhecwayo (painted effects), kanye nohlakahlisombulu noma imicikizo yokufunda nzulu efana namaxhoxho aphehla impikiswano neziguquli. Uhlelo lokuqala olumqoka lobuciko bohlakahlisombulu libizwa AARON, futhi lathithukiswa ngu-Harold Cohen, ekupheleni kweminyaka yowe1960.
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lokuqala olumqoka lobuciko bohlakahlisombulu libizwa AARON, futhi lathithukiswa ngu-Harold Cohen, ekupheleni kweminyaka yowe1960. I-AARON iyisibonelo esiqavile sobuciko bohlakahlisombulu enkathini yokuhlelelisa ngohlakahlisombulu oluyizimpawu (symbolic artificial intelligence) ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwayo indlela esekwe emithethweni yezimpawu ukuze iphehle imifanekiso. U-Cohen wathuthukisa i-AARON ngomgomo wokuthi akwazi ukugema (code) isenzo sokudweba. Esimweni sayo sanguna, i-AARON yayikhanda imidwebo elula yombala omfipha nomhlophe ngokuyibheca. Lokhu kwakulandelwa ngokuthi u-Cohen aqedele imidwebo
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30692
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isakhamzimba
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Isakhamzimba
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Izakhamzimba ziyehluka esinye kwesinye ngokuyinhloko ngochunge lwazo lwama-amino acids, olulawula uchunge lwama-nucleotide ezifuzisini zazo, futhi oluvame ukuba nesiphumo sesakhamzimba ezifingqeke saba uhlaka
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ngaphezulu lwezinsalela ze-amino acid. Izakhamzimba ziveza izaca eziningi zezinsebenzo ngaphakathi kwesiphili, ezihlanganisa ukukhawulezisa ukusabela komkhwentuko, ukunyaliza uLibofuzo, ukusabela evusweni, ukuhlinzeka ngohlaka emangqamuzaneni naseziphilini,
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30693
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhlelo%20lwenhlonzabuso
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Uhlelo lwenhlonzabuso
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lesiqaphabukhoma (surveillance video) kanye nokufaka ohlwini kwezithombe ngokwenhleleleko. Izinhlelo zenhlonzabuso zisetshenziswa namuhla ngohulumeni nayimishumanqa esilulu emhlabeni wonke. Igqino lwazo luyahlukahluka, futhi izinye izinhlelo endulo ziye zayekwa ngenxa yokungabi negqino. Ukusetshenziswa lohlelo lwenhlonzabuso kuye kwavusa izimpikiswano, lapho abanye bethi luhlukumeza ingasese lezakhamuzi, futhi luvame ukuhlonza abantu ngokunganembile, lukhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa ngokobulili nangokobuhlanga, futhi aluvikeli imininingo elinganisimpilo ebalulekile. Ukuvela kwezinsiza ezifana nombukonyali (deepfake) nakho kuphakamise iminako ngokuphepha kwazo. Lokhu kukhuluma sekuholele ekunswinyweni kwezinhlelo zenhlonzabuso ezidlaveleni ezimbalwa kwelaseMelika. Ngenxa yokukhula kwezikhalazo zomphakathi, umShumanqa iMeta seyimemezele izinhlelo zokuvala uhlelo lwenhlonzabuso lwe-Facebook, yacisha nemininingo yesigqaya buso yabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwezigidigidi. Lolushintsho
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video) kanye nokufaka ohlwini kwezithombe ngokwenhleleleko. Izinhlelo zenhlonzabuso zisetshenziswa namuhla ngohulumeni nayimishumanqa esilulu emhlabeni wonke. Igqino lwazo luyahlukahluka, futhi izinye izinhlelo endulo ziye zayekwa ngenxa yokungabi negqino. Ukusetshenziswa lohlelo lwenhlonzabuso kuye kwavusa izimpikiswano, lapho abanye bethi luhlukumeza ingasese lezakhamuzi, futhi luvame ukuhlonza abantu ngokunganembile, lukhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa ngokobulili nangokobuhlanga, futhi aluvikeli imininingo elinganisimpilo ebalulekile. Ukuvela kwezinsiza ezifana nombukonyali (deepfake) nakho kuphakamise iminako ngokuphepha kwazo. Lokhu kukhuluma sekuholele ekunswinyweni kwezinhlelo zenhlonzabuso ezidlaveleni ezimbalwa kwelaseMelika. Ngenxa yokukhula kwezikhalazo zomphakathi, umShumanqa iMeta seyimemezele izinhlelo zokuvala uhlelo lwenhlonzabuso lwe-Facebook, yacisha nemininingo yesigqaya buso yabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwezigidigidi. Lolushintsho luzomelela ukugudluka okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwenhlonzabuso emlandweni wezobuchwepheshe. uMlando wobuchwepheshe benhlonzabuso Inhlonzabuso
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30694
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izinungwana
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Izinungwana
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) iziphili ezikhona yonke indawo, ezikhululekile ngokuvamile ezihlanganisa ingqamuzana elilodwa lokuphila. Zakha isidlangala esikhulu seziphilincinci zezinswelandeni. Ngokuvamile zingamamithancinci (micrometre) ambalwa ngobude, izinungwana zaziyizinhlobo zokuphila zokuqala
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izindawo ezihlala kuzo. Izinungwana zihlala emhlabathini, emanzini, kuziphethu zesimunyane, emfucuzeni eyonzayo, nasekujuleni kwempilombulunga yegobohla lomhlaba. Izinungwana zimqoka ezigabeni eziningi zomjikelezo
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30695
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izinungwana%20eziyigciwane
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Izinungwana eziyigciwane
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ezingabangela
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Izinungwana
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30696
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isihlongabuso
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Isihlongabuso
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kubuye kubhekisele kumdludlungu womchazangqondo lapho abantu bethungatha futhi benaka ubuso
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futhi benaka ubuso babantu esigcaweni esibonwayo.
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30697
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMakhalipha
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UMakhalipha
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phakathi komakhalekhukhwini abavamile ngezigcoyi eziqinile kanye nezihlelo ngqala ezibanzi, ezifakwe uhlelokusebenza, uxhakaxholo (kuhlanganisa nokuphequlula ulwebu oyaceni oluluntinti), kanye nensebenzo yezinsizagcezi (multimedia) ezifana (nomculo, imibukiso, izithwebuli, nemifeketho), ezifakwe kanye nezinsebenzi zocingo ezifana nokushayela ngezwi, nomqhafazo. Omakhalipha imvama baqukethe amazubela entandelo ehlayiziwe (integrated
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imvama baqukethe amazubela entandelo ehlayiziwe (integrated circuit (IC) chips), ezifaka neziNzwi ezinhlobonhlobo. Omakhalipha bokuqala babehuhiswa ngokuyinhloko endayini yohwebo, ngemizamo yokuvala isikhenke sensebenzo yezilekeleli zezezibhangqiwe ezisetshenziswa umuntu ezixhaswe Ubuchwepheshe bokhukhu, kodwa ezilinganiselwe ngenxa yokuba izigaxa ezinkulu
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30698
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukuhumusha%20kwenguxa
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Ukuhumusha kwenguxa
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umbhalo noma inkulumo isuka kolunye ulimi iye kolunye. Ngokwesisekelo, ukuhumusha ngenguxa kumane kuwukufaka amazwi olunye olimi esikhundleni solunye ngenguxa, kodwa lokho kukodwa akukhiqizi isihumusho esihle ngoba kusadingeka ukuqashelwa kwemishwana ephelele kanye naleyo elingana
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ukuhumusha ngomshini (akumele kudidaniswe nokuhumusha okulekelelwa isicikizi, kuwukuhumusha okwenziwa umuntu elekelelwa inguxa noma ukuhumusha okunananayo ), kuyingxenye yomkhakha wezilimi zesicikizi ophenya ukusetshenziswa kwehlelokusebenza ukuhumusha
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30699
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izifenqo%20zaseGibhithe
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Izifenqo zaseGibhithe
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kanjalo ngesiqakaqo sokuqala saseSinayi esathubeka kamuva saba osonhlambukazi baseFenike. Kosonhlamvukazi baseFenike kwavela izinhlelo ezimbili (isiGriki nesiAramayi), isiqakaqo sezifenqo zaseGibhithe eziwukhokho weziqakaqo eziningi zanamuhla ezisetshenziswayo, ezaziwayo zifaka phakathi isiLathini nesiqakaqo sesi-Cyrillic (esavela ngesiGriki) kanye nesiqakaqo
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eyayisetshenziswa eGibhithe Lasendulo, eyayisetshenziselwa ukubhala ulimi lwaseGibhithe. Izifenqo zihlanganisa ulobophawu (logographic), syllabic, nezici zosonhlamvukazi, kanye nezimpawu eziyi-1000 ezingafani. Izifenqo eziqhazeni zazisetshenziselwa izincwadi zenkolo emaphepheni nasokhunini. Iziqakaqo zaseGibhithe ezimbili zakamuva, umkleklongcwele (hieratic) nomkleklophansi (demotic), zazisuselwa kulo uhlobo lokubala ngezifenqo,
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30702
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isihonyo
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Isihonyo
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enomlelesa wamazuba oyisamba. Umlelesa wenzuba uthathwa njengophikayo ngokuvumelana futhi lomlelesa ulingana
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Umlelesa wenzuba uthathwa njengophikayo ngokuvumelana futhi lomlelesa ulingana futhi umalungana nomlelesa wenelesi, othathwa njengovumayo
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30703
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukhunta
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Ukhunta
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ajwayeleke kakhulu. Lezi ziphili zijinjwa ngokuthi umbuso, ukuze zihlukaniswe kweminye imibuso yezimvelendeni, ezivame ukujinjwa ngokuzihlanganisa
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ukuze zihlukaniswe kweminye imibuso yezimvelendeni, ezivame ukujinjwa ngokuzihlanganisa nezimila, izilwane, izinanjazane, nezimbalamu (chromista).
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30705
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amakha
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Amakha
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kaNobel weKhemistry, uLeopold Ružička wathi "kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zesayensi yesayensi kuze kube manje, iziqholo zibe negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo mayelana nezindlela, ukuhlukaniswa okuhlelekile, kanye nethiyori. Imibhalo yasendulo nemivubukulo ibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakha kweminye yemiphakathi yakudala yabantu. Iziqholo zesimanje zaqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 ngokuhlanganiswa kwezentengiselwano kwenhlanganisela yephunga elimnandi njenge-vanillin noma i-coumarin, eyayivumela ukwakheka kwamakha anephunga elalingatholakali ngaphambilini elivela kuma-aromatics emvelo. Umlando Igama elithi perfume lisuselwa kwelesiLatini elithi perfumare, elisho "ukubhema". Iziqholo, njengobuciko bokwenza iziqholo, zaqala eMesophothamiya yasendulo,
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Isitsha samakha saseGibhithe lasendulo esimise okwenkawu; 1550-1295 BC; faience; ukuphakama: 6.5 cm, ububanzi: 3.3 cm, ukujula: 3.8 cm; I-Metropolitan Museum of Art (eNew York City) Ngo-2003, abavubukuli bathola lokho okukholelwa ukuthi [ngubani?] kungamakha amadala kakhulu asekhona ePyrgos, eCyprus. Amakha asukela eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-4,000. Atholwa endaweni yasendulo yokwenza iziqholo, ifektri engamamitha-skwele angu-300 (3,230 sq ft) [8] enezindawo zokumisa okungenani ezingu-60, izitsha zokuxuba, amafaneli, namabhodlela eziqholo. Ezikhathini zasendulo abantu babesebenzisa amakhambi nezinongo, njenge-alimondi, i-coriander, i-myrtle, i-conifer resin ne-bergamot, kanye nezimbali. NgoMeyi 2018, isiqholo sakudala esithi "Rodo" (Rose) siphinde sadalelwa umbukiso weminyaka yonke weGreek National
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30707
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMlando%20woHlakahlisombulu
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UMlando woHlakahlisombulu
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( AI ) waqala ezikhathini zasendulo,
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ngezinganekwane, izindaba kanye namahlebezi ngezidalwa ezimbulu/ezikhandiwe ezinikezwe ubuhlakani
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30708
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMvethezo
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UMvethezo
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lingabhekisela kunoma yiluphi lwezinhlobo ezimbili zolimi oluhlukile. :
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Igama elithi UMvethezo Noma umMvethezo (kusuka esenzweni
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30709
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UXhoxho%20lweziNzwa
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UXhoxho lweziNzwa
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lwenzwa engokwemvelo liwunongo olwenziwe kumaxhoxho ezinzwa-mbulu njengezisindo phakathi kwamaqhuzu. Iqhuzu elivumayo (positive) limelela uxhomano olukhabathayo (excitatory connection), kuyilapho amanani aphikayo emelela uxhumano oluvimbayo (inhibitory connections). Wonke amagalelo agwebukiswa isisindo bese aba isamba. Lobuqhebeqhebe bubizwa ngokuthi inhlanganisela
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uxhoxho lwezinzwa-mbulu noma amaqhuzu. Kanjalo, uxhoxho lwezinzwa lungaba uxhoxho lwezinzwa olungokwemvelo noma, uxhoxho lwezinzwa olumbulu, futhi lusetshenziselwe ukuxazula izinkinga zohlakahlisombulu. Uxhumano lwenzwa engokwemvelo liwunongo olwenziwe kumaxhoxho ezinzwa-mbulu njengezisindo phakathi kwamaqhuzu. Iqhuzu elivumayo
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30710
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar%20Allan%20Poe
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Edgar Allan Poe
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Massachusetts, - Oktobha 7, 1849 {okuqagelayo}), owazalwa Edgar Poe, owayaziwa kakhulu ngezinganekwane zakhe ezingaqondakali kanye macabre. Inkondlo Edgar Allan Poe edume kakhulu ayibhala, "Igwababa", yahyatheliswa ephephandabeni elithi, "The Evening
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Massachusetts, - Oktobha 7, 1849 {okuqagelayo}), owazalwa Edgar Poe, owayaziwa kakhulu ngezinganekwane zakhe ezingaqondakali kanye macabre. Inkondlo Edgar Allan Poe edume kakhulu ayibhala, "Igwababa", yahyatheliswa ephephandabeni elithi,
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30711
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igwababa
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Igwababa
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Januwari 29, 1845, ephephandabeni, "The Evening Mirror". Inkondlo yabhalwa Quarles (enye yamagama mbumbulu kwe Imbongi yaseMelika kanye nombhali,
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okokuqala ngo Januwari 29, 1845, ephephandabeni, "The Evening Mirror". Inkondlo yabhalwa Quarles (enye yamagama mbumbulu kwe
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30713
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Poe
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Elizabeth Poe
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"Eliza" Arnold, Jr. Hopkins Poe, (1787 or 1788
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1788 - 1811), wayengunina ka Edgar Allan Poe
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30714
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intandelo%20yezinzwa
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Intandelo yezinzwa
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terminal - umdiyo woluzi axon branches - amagatsha woluzi synapse - inombe myelin sheat - umshume node of ranvier - isikhenkesi somshume dendrite - ikleleba nucleus -
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oxhoxho lwezinzwa: axon - uluzi axon terminal - umdiyo woluzi axon branches - amagatsha woluzi synapse - inombe myelin sheat - umshume node of ranvier - isikhenkesi somshume dendrite
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30715
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injemane
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Injemane
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ngobisi lwezinhlobo ezahlukene zesihlahla sesundu
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ezahlukene zesihlahla sesundu njengesandu, ingqasundu kanye nesundu lomqhekezani
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30716
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmQhekezani
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UmQhekezani
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nucifera ) siyilungu lomndeni wesundu
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( Cocos nucifera ) siyilungu lomndeni
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30717
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indwemozwe
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Indwemozwe
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simcaphuna uthi: "Kunezindwemozwe zocosulelwano, zobuhlohlesakhe, zobukhosi, zombusowabantu, zokungabuswa, zoxhaxhamvelo, zobufazanisi, zobunzalamizi, zokulingana, zobuqhiwu, zokucwasa ngokwebala, zophiko lobunxele, zophiko lobunene, zokulungisa, zothanda olukhululekile, zomkhaya ojijiwe, zomndeni omncane, zobungqingili, nezinye eziningi ezifana nezobundalo, namaKristu anqunu,... abanye baphika ngokuthi, ubundwemozwe, bumqoka ekuthuthukisweni isimo soluntu. Kodwa uma busethsenziswa
|
ngoba imiphakathi ayishoni nganxanye njengamanzi futhi inezinkanuko eziphikisanayo ngalokho ayikwazi ukwaneliswa ngokufanayo. Uma simcaphuna uthi: "Kunezindwemozwe zocosulelwano, zobuhlohlesakhe, zobukhosi, zombusowabantu, zokungabuswa, zoxhaxhamvelo, zobufazanisi, zobunzalamizi, zokulingana, zobuqhiwu, zokucwasa ngokwebala, zophiko lobunxele, zophiko lobunene, zokulungisa, zothanda olukhululekile, zomkhaya ojijiwe, zomndeni omncane, zobungqingili, nezinye eziningi ezifana nezobundalo, namaKristu anqunu,... abanye baphika ngokuthi,
|
30718
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umcikizo
|
Umcikizo
|
abantu) abenza imicikizo abaziwa ngokuthi abacikizi. Umkhakha owaziwa kakhulu ngokufunda
|
oluchasiswe kahle (isb, Umkholezima). iziLekeleli eziyizinguxa noma zamazuba (noma, ngokomlando,
|
30721
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkampani
|
Inkampani
|
izimpkokophelo eziqondile azifunayo. Izinkampani zivame ukuthatha izimo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nalezi: ukuba izinhlangano zokuzithandela, ezihlanganisa izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo ukuba imihwebo, enenjongo yokwenza umvezo ukuba izinhlangano zentwisha namabhange ukuba izikhungo zemfundo nezinhlelo zazo Inkampani ingenziwa ibe ngumuntu
|
abantu abazihlanganisile, kungaba ngokwemvelo, ngokomthetho, noma kokubil, abanempokophelo eyodwa eqondile. Amalungu wenkampani anenjongo eyodwa futhi ayabumbana ukuze afeze izimpkokophelo eziqondile azifunayo. Izinkampani zivame ukuthatha izimo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nalezi: ukuba izinhlangano zokuzithandela, ezihlanganisa izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo ukuba imihwebo, enenjongo yokwenza umvezo ukuba izinhlangano zentwisha namabhange ukuba izikhungo zemfundo nezinhlelo zazo Inkampani
|
30722
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhlangano%20engenzi%20nzuzo
|
Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo
|
futhi egidingelwa inzuzo yabathile noma yomphakathi, ngokungafani nenhkangano eligidinga njengesihwebi esihlose ukukhiqizela abanikazi balo inzuzo .
|
nzuzo ( NPO ), eyaziwa nangokuthi inhlangano engesona isihwebi, [ ] inhlangano engeyona eyenzuzo,
|
30723
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intutho
|
Intutho
|
zokuthela isivuthisi, kanye nezikhumulo zolwandle. Izikhumulo zingasetshenziselwa kokubili ukunanisela abagibeli nomthwalo kanye nokunakekela izithuthi. Izindlela zokuthutha yinoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokuthutha ezisetshenziselwa ukuthwala abantu noma imithwalo. Zingase zihlanganise izithuthi, izilwane ezigitshelwayo, kanye nezilwane ezithwalayo. Izithuthi zingase zihlanganisa izinqola, izimoto, amasondombili, amabhasi, izitimela, amaloli, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, izindiza zamanzi, imikhumbi-mkhathi nezindiza. Umlando Ngo-1903 izelamani zakwaWright zabonisa indiza yokuqala elawulekayo ephumelelayo, futhi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I (1914-1918) indiza
|
ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye. Ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha iqukethe kokubili izakhiwo ezingenakususwa, ezihlanganisa imigwaqo, imigudu esemoyeni, ujantshi, imigudu esemanzini, imisele, nemigudu yamathumbu, kanye nezikhumulo ezifana nezikhumulo zezindiza, izikhumulo zezitimela, izikhumulo zamabhasi, imitapo, izikhumulo zamaloli, izikhumulo zokuthela isivuthisi, kanye nezikhumulo zolwandle. Izikhumulo zingasetshenziselwa kokubili ukunanisela abagibeli nomthwalo kanye nokunakekela izithuthi. Izindlela zokuthutha yinoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokuthutha ezisetshenziselwa ukuthwala abantu noma imithwalo. Zingase zihlanganise izithuthi, izilwane ezigitshelwayo,
|
30724
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izingudla
|
Izingudla
|
yasendlini, omabonakude, imixhaka, omakhalekhukhwini, cishe noma yini okungeyabantu noma esetshenziswa nsukuzonke engekhona ukudla. Ingudla yomshwabadeli (consumer good) noma "ingudla ephelele" iyinoma yini ezoshwabadelwa ekugcineni, kunokuba isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni enye ingudla. Ngokwesibonelo, iziko lechadaza (microwave oven) noma usondombili (bicycle) okuthengiselwa umshwabadeli njengengudla ephelele noma ingudla yomshwabadeli, kodwa izigcoyi ezidayiselwa ukusetshenziswa kulezo zingudla zibizwa izingudla eziphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, iziphicwa (textiles) zingasetshenziswa ekukhandeni ngokuqhubekayo ezinye izingudla. Izingudla zentengiselano (Commercial goods) zithathwa njengemikhiqizo ephathekayo ekhandwayo futhi khona eyenziwa ukuba itholakale ukuze isatshalaliselwe ukusetshenziswa embonini yezentengiselano. Izingudla zentengiselano kungaba
|
iyivelakancane ngokuqondene nengqekelelo yayo okwenza kudingeke umzamo womuntu ukuze ayithole. Ngokuphambene, izingudla zamahhala (free goods), ezifana nomoya, zihlinzekwe zaba yinala ngokwemvelo futhi aziwudingi umzamo otheni wokuzithola. Izingudla ezisisulu (Private goods), ziyizinto zabantu, ezifana nempahla yasendlini, omabonakude, imixhaka, omakhalekhukhwini, cishe noma yini okungeyabantu noma esetshenziswa nsukuzonke engekhona ukudla. Ingudla yomshwabadeli (consumer good) noma "ingudla ephelele" iyinoma yini ezoshwabadelwa ekugcineni, kunokuba isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni enye ingudla. Ngokwesibonelo, iziko lechadaza (microwave oven) noma usondombili (bicycle) okuthengiselwa umshwabadeli njengengudla ephelele noma ingudla yomshwabadeli, kodwa izigcoyi ezidayiselwa ukusetshenziswa kulezo zingudla zibizwa izingudla eziphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, iziphicwa (textiles) zingasetshenziswa
|
30725
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMkhandlusidlidli
|
UMkhandlusidlidli
|
or village izindawo ezifanayo ezimbalwa (isb., izindawo zegunya zaseMelika esifunde se-New Jersey (1798–1899) ezifana namanxuluma abusa imizi embalwa, imikhandlu yase-Mexico, nemikhandlu yase-Colombia) izingxenye zezindawo ezifana nalezo kuphela, ngesinye isikhathi izindadawe zesidlavela, ezifana nemikhandlu engama-34 yase-Santiago, e-Chile Amandla wezombusazwe Amandla wemikhandlu iyahlula kusuka ekuzibuseni kuya ekuthobeleni ngokuphelele umbuso. Imikhandlusidlidli ingaba negunya lokuthelisa bantu ngabanye nasemishumanqa ngemalingeniso, intela yempahla, nentela yemishumanqa, kodwa ingabuye
|
lisho ibandla elibusayo, elibizwa umkhandlu, futhi lisho indawo esemingceleni lapho ibandla elibusayo elinegunya khona. UMkhandlusidlidli kungaba inoma iliphi igunya lezombusazwe, kusuka esifundeni esiziphethe esifana nesiGunya sase-Monaco, kuya emuzini omncane ofana ne-West Hampton Dunes, e-New York. Imingcele lapho umkhandlusidlidli onegunya khona ihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: indawo eyodwa enabantu engesidlavela, isidlidli noma umuzi. only one populated place such as a city, town, or village izindawo ezifanayo ezimbalwa (isb., izindawo zegunya zaseMelika esifunde se-New Jersey (1798–1899) ezifana namanxuluma
|
30726
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukunyandla
|
Ukunyandla
|
zomcikizo. Umphiwa ogunyaziwe angawunyandlulula kalula umyalezo ngesihluthulelo asihlinzekwe umsunguli kubaphiwa abagunyaziwe kuphela. Ngokomlando, izinhlobonhlobo ezingafani zokunyandla ziye zasetshenziswa ukusiza kumchazanyandla. Ubunyoninco bokunyandla bangaohambili babusetshenziswa ekuthumeleni imiyalezo empini. Kusuka lapho, sekuvele ubunyoninco obusha osebusetshenziswa ndawo zonke ekucikizeni kwanamuhla. Ukhwatha lokunyandla lwanamuhla lusebenzisa izicabango zesihluthulelo-somphakathi ngesihluthulelo esifanayo. Ubunyoninco bokunyandla banamuhla
|
engenzeka ukunyandlulula umyalezo ngaphandle kwesihluthulelo, kodwa okhwatheni lonyandla oluklanywe kahle, kuzodingeka amakhono nezinsiza zomcikizo. Umphiwa ogunyaziwe angawunyandlulula kalula umyalezo ngesihluthulelo asihlinzekwe umsunguli kubaphiwa abagunyaziwe kuphela. Ngokomlando, izinhlobonhlobo ezingafani zokunyandla ziye zasetshenziswa ukusiza kumchazanyandla. Ubunyoninco bokunyandla bangaohambili babusetshenziswa ekuthumeleni imiyalezo empini. Kusuka lapho,
|
30727
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umchazanyandla
|
Umchazanyandla
|
sezezibhangqiwe, umchazandalo, nezinye. Izicabango ezijulile ezihlobene nezokuvikela ukwaziswa (ubumfihlo bemininingo, ukuthembeka kwemininingo, ukuqinisekiswa, nokungaphikwa kwesivumelwano) nazo zisemnyombweni womchazanyandla. Ukusetshenziswa komchazanyandla okusebenzayo kuhlanganisa ezentengiselwano zenzuba, amakhadi wokukhokha asekwe kumazubela, izinkece zezibhangqiwe, imithopho yesiCikizi, kanye
|
yesicikizi, ezokuvikela ukwaziswa, Ubunjiniyela bamazuba, ukuhidanisa isiyabizo sezezibhangqiwe, umchazandalo, nezinye. Izicabango ezijulile ezihlobene nezokuvikela ukwaziswa (ubumfihlo bemininingo, ukuthembeka kwemininingo, ukuqinisekiswa, nokungaphikwa kwesivumelwano) nazo zisemnyombweni womchazanyandla. Ukusetshenziswa komchazanyandla okusebenzayo kuhlanganisa
|
30728
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukuhlelelisa%20isiCikizi
|
Ukuhlelelisa isiCikizi
|
kudinga ubungcweti ezihlokweni ezimbalwa, kuhlanganisa ulwazi lwesidlangala sohlelo, imikholezima yekhethelo, ne-logic ehlelekile. Imisebenzi ehlobene nehambisana nokuhlelelisa ihlanganisa ukuvivinya, ukuntwalalula (debugging), ukunakekela umkitizo, ukugununda izinhlelo zokwakha, kanye nokuphathwa kwezichule (artifact), ezifana nomkitizo wenguxa wezinhleleliso sezicikizi. Lezi zinto zingathathwa njengengxenye yenqubo yokuhlelelisa, Kodwa imvama kusetshenziswa ibizo elithi ukuthuthukiswa kwehlelokusebenza ukuchaza lenqubo enkulu kuyilapho amabizo athi ukuhlelelisa, ukugununda, noma ukukitiza akhwezelelwa ukulotshwa komkitizo. Ubunjiniyela
|
wenguxa. Injongo yokuhlelelisa iwukuthola uchunge lwemiyalelo ezohleleleka insebenzo yomsebenzi esicikizini, imvama ongowokuxazulula inkinga ethile. Ukuhlelelisa kweqophelo imvama kudinga ubungcweti ezihlokweni ezimbalwa, kuhlanganisa ulwazi lwesidlangala sohlelo, imikholezima yekhethelo, ne-logic ehlelekile. Imisebenzi ehlobene nehambisana nokuhlelelisa ihlanganisa ukuvivinya, ukuntwalalula (debugging), ukunakekela umkitizo, ukugununda izinhlelo zokwakha, kanye nokuphathwa kwezichule (artifact), ezifana nomkitizo wenguxa wezinhleleliso sezicikizi. Lezi zinto zingathathwa njengengxenye yenqubo yokuhlelelisa, Kodwa imvama kusetshenziswa ibizo elithi ukuthuthukiswa kwehlelokusebenza ukuchaza lenqubo enkulu kuyilapho amabizo athi ukuhlelelisa, ukugununda,
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30729
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umkitizo
|
Umkitizo
|
kusetshenziswa ulimi lokuhlelelisa olufundwa ngabantu, imvama oluyisiqakaqo esicacile. Umkitizo wenhleleliso ngokukhethekile uklanyelwe ukwenza lula umsebenzi wabahlelelisi besicikizi, okuyibona abacacisa izenzo okufanele zenziwe isicikizi lapho bebhala umkitizo. Umkitizo imvama uguqulwa isihlelembi (assembler) noma isihlanganisi compiler) kube umkitizo wenguxa omabhangqa nongagunundwa isiCikizi. Khona umkitizo wenguxa uba otholakalayo ukuze ugunundwe esikhathini esizayo. Iningi lamahlelokusebenza asatshalaliswa ngesimo esibandakanya izihele ezigunundekayo kuphela. Uma umkitizo bewuzobandakanywa kuzo, lokho bekuzoba usizo kumsebenzisi, umhlelelisi noma umhleli
|
umkitizo bewuzobandakanywa kuzo, lokho bekuzoba usizo kumsebenzisi, umhlelelisi noma umhleli wesimiso, omunye wabo ongaba nesifiso sokufundisisa noma aguqule inhleleliso. Kwezinye izimo, kuye ngezobuchwepheshe ezisetshenziswayo, umkitizo ungahlakahlwa futhi ugunundwe ngokuqondile. IziNcasiselo Incasiselo kaRichard Stallman, ecabaywe kwimvume yakhe ye-GPL ye-1989, yaphakamisa umkitizo njenganoma isiphi isimo ihlelokusebenza elenziwe ngaso: “Umkitizo” womsebenzi usho uhlobo lomsebenzi okhethiwe wokwenza ushintsho oluncane kuwo. Eminye imithombo
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30731
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiyinga
|
Isiyinga
|
siyindawo lapho umtshoko uyingiliza uzungeze ngathi uzungeza okuthile, okungaba okuqonda uqombothe noma ngokunkumbela.
|
umtshoko uyingiliza uzungeze ngathi uzungeza okuthile, okungaba okuqonda uqombothe
|
30732
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isindiyane
|
Isindiyane
|
Isilekeleli esiyinguxa esindiyazayo esigqoba isidlakalasi ekugobhozeni komtshoko sisiphendule umsebenzi owusizo. Umsebenzi okhiqizwa isindiyane lapho uhlanganiswa nesiphehli ungasetshenziselwa ukuphehla amandla wamazuba. Isindiyane siyinguxa endiyazisayo (turbo machine) okungenani enengxenye eyodwa
|
esindiyazayo esigqoba isidlakalasi ekugobhozeni komtshoko sisiphendule umsebenzi owusizo. Umsebenzi okhiqizwa isindiyane lapho uhlanganiswa nesiphehli ungasetshenziselwa ukuphehla amandla wamazuba. Isindiyane siyinguxa endiyazisayo (turbo machine) okungenani enengxenye eyodwa enyakazayo ebizwa
|
30733
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umkholezima
|
Umkholezima
|
BC), umchazazibalo waseNdiya (cishe ngowezi-800 BC nakamuva), umchazazibalo waseGrisi (cishe ngowezi-240 BC, isb. isihlungo sika-Erathositini nomkholezima ka-Yukulide), kanye nomchazazibalo wase-Arabiya (ngekhulu le-9, isb. imikholezima yomchazanyandla yokugqabula iziguqukezelo esekwe kwesihlaziyo somjingo). U-Al-khwarizim nebizo umkholezima Cishe ngonyaka wama-825, uMuhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi waloba i-kitāb al-ḥisāb al-hindī ("INcwadi yoMcikizo waseNdiya") kanye ne-kitab al-jam' wa'l-tafriq al-ḥisāb al-hindī ("UkweNgeza nokuPhunguza kwizibalonqangi zaseNdiya"). Yombili lemibhalo yahlulukwa ngolimi lesi-Arab sendabuko. (Kodwa enye incwadi yakhe ye-algebra isasekhona.) Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12, kwavela izihumusho zesiLathini zemibhalo ka-al-Khwarizim ebandakanya izimiso zezibalonani nesibalonqangi zesiHindu nesi-Arabiya: Liber Alghoarismi de practica arismetrice (eyahunyishwa ngu-John of Seville) kanye ne- Liber Algorismi de numero Indorum
|
kusuka esimweni esithile kuya kwesilandelayo alunqunyelwe; eminye imikholezima, eyaziwa ngokuthi imikholezima ethukelayo, ihlanganisa igalelo lokwethukela. uMlando Imikholezima yasendulo Kusuka enguna, izinkambiso zezinyathelo zokuxazulula izinkinga zomchazazibalo ziye zafakazelwa. Lezi zihlanganisa umchazazibalo waseBhabhiloni (cishe ngowezi-2500 BC), umchazazibalo waseGibhithe (cishe ngowezi-1550 BC), umchazazibalo waseNdiya (cishe ngowezi-800 BC nakamuva), umchazazibalo waseGrisi (cishe ngowezi-240 BC, isb. isihlungo sika-Erathositini nomkholezima ka-Yukulide), kanye nomchazazibalo wase-Arabiya (ngekhulu le-9, isb. imikholezima yomchazanyandla yokugqabula iziguqukezelo esekwe kwesihlaziyo somjingo). U-Al-khwarizim nebizo umkholezima Cishe ngonyaka wama-825, uMuhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi waloba
|
30734
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukufunda%20kwenguxa
|
Ukufunda kwenguxa
|
kepha kunalokho lezo zinkinga zixazululwa ngokulekelela izinguxa ukuba "zivubukule" imikholezima yazo, ngaphandle kokutshelwa ngokuqondile ukuba zenzeni yinona yimiphi imikholezima evela kumuntu. Kamuva, amaxhoxho weNzwa wokuzakhela aphehlwayo akwazile ukuqoqoda imiphumela yezindlela ezandulele. Izinsondelo zokufunda kwenguxa
|
ukuba bakwazi ukuthuthukisa imikholezima, kepha kunalokho lezo zinkinga zixazululwa ngokulekelela izinguxa ukuba "zivubukule" imikholezima yazo, ngaphandle kokutshelwa ngokuqondile ukuba zenzeni yinona yimiphi imikholezima evela kumuntu. Kamuva, amaxhoxho weNzwa wokuzakhela aphehlwayo akwazile ukuqoqoda imiphumela yezindlela
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30735
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UXhoxho%20lokufikelela
|
UXhoxho lokufikelela
|
liwuhlobo loxhoxho lwezokuxhumana oluxhuma
|
ababhalisile kumhlinzeki ngenkonzo wabo
|
30736
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umkitizo%20wenguxa
|
Umkitizo wenguxa
|
(CPU). Isiyalezo ngasinye zibangela i-CPU ukuba yenze umsebenzi othile, ofana nokugidlabeza, ukugcina, ukweqa,
|
lokuhlelelisa, oluqukethe iziyalezo zolimi lwenguxa, ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula isihidanisi esiyinhloko sesicikizi (CPU). Isiyalezo ngasinye zibangela i-CPU ukuba yenze umsebenzi othile,
|
30737
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulimi%20lokuhlelelisa
|
Ulimi lokuhlelelisa
|
Iningi lezilimi zokuhlelelisa ziyizilimi esisemthethweni ezisekwe-esiqakaqweni, kodwa
|
Iningi lezilimi zokuhlelelisa ziyizilimi esisemthethweni ezisekwe-esiqakaqweni, kodwa ziyakwazi
|
30738
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umhlelelisi
|
Umhlelelisi
|
wesicikizi ngokuhlinzeka isicikizi ngolimi lokuhlelelisa oluqondile. Iningi labahlelelisi banobungcweti obubanzi ekucikizeni nasekukitizeni ezilimini zokuhlelelisa eziningi ezihlukahlukene nasemathaleni (platforms), afana ne-Structured Query Language (SQL), Perl, Extensible Markup Language (XML), PHP, HTML, C, C++ and Java. Ulimi olusetshenziswa kakhulu ngumhlelelisi (isb.,
|
ngokuhlinzeka isicikizi ngolimi lokuhlelelisa oluqondile. Iningi labahlelelisi banobungcweti obubanzi ekucikizeni nasekukitizeni ezilimini zokuhlelelisa eziningi ezihlukahlukene nasemathaleni (platforms), afana ne-Structured Query Language (SQL), Perl, Extensible
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30739
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuopio
|
Kuopio
|
121 557 izakhamuzi (2022). Imizi yalo engumakhelwane kukhona Siilinjärvi, Maaninka, Karttula, Suonenjoki, Leppävirta,
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Imizi yalo engumakhelwane kukhona Siilinjärvi, Maaninka, Karttula, Suonenjoki, Leppävirta, Vehmersalmi, Riistavesi,
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30740
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiLimela
|
IsiLimela
|
esiqukethe izinkanyezi ezineminyaka ephakathi, ezishisayo zohlobo lwe-B
|
ahlukene, singukunyonta ''(asterism)'' kanye nesixheke sezinkanyezi esivulekile esiqukethe izinkanyezi ezineminyaka
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30742
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiyabizo%20senzuko
|
Isiyabizo senzuko
|
ubuvuve besiyabizo buyahluka kulobo bengcindezi yamaza omsindo ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokuphambene, isiyabizo sezezibhangqiwe simelela umgangatho wesikhathi ohlukayo njengoba usuke
|
ohlukayo njengoba usuke unguthunge olusangulwayo lwamanani angakanisiwe. Ukusangula kwezezibhangqiwe kuphoqelela uyacabanzi oluthile. Ibizo elithi isiyabizo senzuko imvama libhekisela kwiziyabizo zamazuba; kodwana, nezobunguxa,
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30743
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkanyezi
|
Inkanyezi
|
yonyazani ehlanganiswe ndawonye
|
yonyazani ehlanganiswe
|
30745
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injoloba
|
Injoloba
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imixube yemvelo. Amazwe iZwe lamaThayi, iMalashiya kanye neNdoneshiya
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ebizwa nangokuthi intwentshe, iwumkhiqizo oqukethe amagcezi (polymers) womxube we-isoprene yemvelo,
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30746
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intwentshe
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Intwentshe
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ezikhandiwe nazo zidumile. Emvelweni, intwentshe itholakala ingumtshoko osabisi ezitshalweni eziqhakazayo ezingaba ishumi ekhulwini. Iyinhlengenhlenge eyinkimbinkimbi eshumanqayo lapho ihlangana nomoya, equkethe Izakhamzimba, alkaloids, starches, Ushukela, Amafutha, tannins, resins,
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Uvame ukutshokozwa emva kokulimala. Ezitshalweni eziningi, intwentshe imhlophe sabisi, kodwa kwezinye iphuzi, intshungwa, noma intwentshe emtshezi. Umsebenzi wayo ezitshalweni ukuzivikela izinambuzaneni ezidla Izitshalo. Intwentshe akufanele iphambaniswe nomtshoko wesitshalo (sap); ngoba uyisiqa esihlukile, esikhiqizwa ngokuhlukile futhi esinemisebenzi ehlukile. Ngokuvamile imikhiqizo yentwentshe ibizwa ngokuthi ngeyenjoloba, lokhu
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30747
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umthalakazi
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Umthalakazi
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uthunqathunqa, injelwane, zonke ezihlanganiswe ndawonye umnyondo . Imithalakazi enezinkanyezi ezingaba izigidi eziyi-100, ziyahluka ngobukhulu kusuka kuleyo eyizichwe enezinkanyezi ezingaphansi kwezigidi eziyikhulu, kuya kwimithalakazi emikhulu eyaziwayo – amaqhamelakazi anezinkanyezi ezingaba izaca eziyikhulu (one
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ezihlanganiswe ndawonye umnyondo . Imithalakazi enezinkanyezi ezingaba izigidi eziyi-100, ziyahluka ngobukhulu kusuka kuleyo eyizichwe enezinkanyezi ezingaphansi kwezigidi eziyikhulu,
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30748
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmChiyangqwala
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UmChiyangqwala
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yevanga enophawu Cr
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inhlwa yevanga
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30749
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaphoyisa
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Amaphoyisa
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ukuyamaniswa nemibutho yonongqayi yezifunda ezinikwe igunya lokusebenzisa amandla wamaphoyisa ngaphakathi kwendandawo abanesibopho kuyo noma echasiswe ngokomthetho. Imibutho yonongqayi ivame ukuchasiswa njengehlukile kweyezempi nekwezinye izinhlangano ezibandakanyekayo ekuvikeleni umbuso kubabhozomeli bezizwe.
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ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, impilonhle nempahla yezakhamuzi, kanye nokuvimbela ubugebengu nezibhelu ebantwini. Amandla abanawo ngokusemthethweni ahlanganisa ukubopha nokusebenzisa imphoqo evunyelwe ngumbuso ngokunika wona wodwa igunya lodlame. Leli bizo livame ukuyamaniswa nemibutho yonongqayi yezifunda ezinikwe
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30750
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IChwenzi
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IChwenzi
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eliyi- 17. Ecansini lezinhlwa litholakala phakathi koFusihwe nombhulufu futhi izakhi zalo ziphakathi nendawo kuzo. Ichwenzi
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futhi izakhi zalo ziphakathi nendawo kuzo. Ichwenzi liwuhowo oluphuzi sakuhlaza ezingeni lokushisa legumbi. Liyinhlwa esabela kalula futhi liyisenzi esithuhlayo esinamandla: phakathi
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30751
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFusihwe
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UFusihwe
|
oluwubuthi, oluyichwembilo eliphuzi sakuohaphatheka. Njengenhlwa esabelayo enzubanxele, lusabela kakhulu, njengoba lusabela nazo zonke ezinye izinhlwa ngaphandle kuhowo
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kanye nenani lobuchwe eliyisi- 9. Uyisakhatshiwo esilula kakhulu futhi utholakala
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30752
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmBhulufu
|
UmBhulufu
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omtshezi-nsundu ohwamukayo emazingeni asendlini osheshayo ukuba isisi somhwamuko webala elifanayo. UmBhulufu
|
Uyinhlwa yesithathy elula eqenjimi le-17 ecansini lwezinhlwa (izakhatshiwo) futhi unguketshezi omtshezi-nsundu ohwamukayo emazingeni asendlini
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30753
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkwithi
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Inkwithi
|
enophawu I kanye nenani lobuchwe elingama- 53. Futhi isisindo sobuchwe sayo (inani
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isisindo sobuchwe sayo (inani lezinelesi nezintunge) liyi-127. Iyingxenye yeqembu lesi-7 ecansini
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30754
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsAtsha
|
IsAtsha
|
nenani lobuchwe elingama- 85. Siyinhlwa eyivelakancane etholakala ngokwemvelo egobohleni lomhlaba, evela njengomkhoqizo wokubuhla
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yevanga enophawu At nenani lobuchwe elingama- 85. Siyinhlwa eyivelakancane etholakala ngokwemvelo egobohleni lomhlaba, evela njengomkhoqizo wokubuhla kwezinhlwa ezihlukene ezinzima.
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30755
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThesimbi
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IThesimbi
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- T kanye
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nenani lobuchwe eliyi-117.
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30756
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukufudumala%20kwembulunga
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Ukufudumala kwembulunga
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lwangaphambili, futhi ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa ukushisa izivuthisi zentshicwa ngabantu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezivuthisi zentshicwa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye neminye imikhuba yezolimo neyezimboni kwandisa uhowo lomshaboshisayo (greenhouse gases), ikakhulu umCalahle
|
sezulu somhlaba. Ukufudumala kwembulunga ngomqondo obanzi kuhilela ushintsho lwasendulo lwesikhathi eside lesimo sezulu somhlaba. Ukuqubuka kwesilinganiso samazinga okushisa embulunga akhona manje kusheshisa kakhulu kunoshintsho lwangaphambili, futhi ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa ukushisa izivuthisi zentshicwa ngabantu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezivuthisi zentshicwa, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye neminye imikhuba yezolimo neyezimboni kwandisa uhowo lomshaboshisayo
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30757
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukugwamandwa%20kombuso
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Ukugwamandwa kombuso
|
akhohlakele ayesebenzisa ithonya lawo phezu kwezikhulu zikahulumeni ukuze benzele uhulumeni izinqumo ukuze baqinise ukuma kwabo ngokomnotho; amalungu alamaqeqebane kamuva aziwa ngokuthi izinjinga. Izinsolo zokugwamandwa kombuso ziye zaholela ekubhikisheni ngokumelene nohulumeni wase-Bhulgariya ngowezi-2013–2014 nangowezi-2020–2021 nase-Romaniya ngowezi-2017, futhi kwabangela inkambabeyibuza kwelaseNingizimu Afrika kusuka ngowezi-2016. Ukuchasisa ukugwamandwa kombuso Incasiselo endala yokugwamandwa kombuso ibhekisela endleleni izinkambiso zomthetho (ezifana nemithetho nemikhuba yomphakathi) nokubusakwezikhulu zikahulumeni okuthonywa ngayo izikhulu zikahulumeni, imishumanqa exhaswa umbuso, imishumanqa esisulu noma abantu abasisulu, ukuze bathonye izinqubomgomo zombuso nemithetho kuvune bona. Ukugwamandwa kombuso kuwukufuna ukuthonya ukushaywa kwemithetho, ukuze bavikele futhi baqhakambise abalingisi abathile abanethonya nezimfuno zabo. Ngalendlela kuyahluka kwezinye izinhlobo zenkohlakalo lapho kuzifunela ukuphoqwa kwemithetho ekhona ngokuchema. Ukugwamandwa kombuso akuyona into engekho emthethweni, lokhu kuncike ekunqumeni kombuso ogwamandiwe ngokwawo, futhi
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lwenkohlakalo yezombangazwe ehlelekile lapho abantu abathile beba nethonya elikhulu ezinqubweni zombuso zokuthatha izinqumo ukuze kuzuze bona. Leli gama lasetshenziswa okokuqala iBhange loMhlaba ngonyaka wezi-2000, ukuchazisa isimo esasikwamanye amazwe ase-Eshiya ePhakathi ayephuma ngaphansi kobuKhomanisi base-Soviet. Ngokuqondile, lalisebenza ezimweni lapho amaqeqebana akhohlakele ayesebenzisa ithonya lawo phezu kwezikhulu zikahulumeni ukuze benzele uhulumeni izinqumo ukuze baqinise ukuma kwabo ngokomnotho; amalungu alamaqeqebane kamuva aziwa ngokuthi izinjinga. Izinsolo zokugwamandwa kombuso ziye zaholela ekubhikisheni ngokumelene nohulumeni wase-Bhulgariya ngowezi-2013–2014 nangowezi-2020–2021 nase-Romaniya ngowezi-2017, futhi kwabangela inkambabeyibuza kwelaseNingizimu
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30762
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umfanekiso%20wezezibhangqiwe
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Umfanekiso wezezibhangqiwe
|
elilubandlu esinokuqina nezinga elithuthu okumelelwa izibalo okuyiziphumo zensebenzo yaso yemiyinge emibili
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elithuthu okumelelwa izibalo okuyiziphumo zensebenzo yaso yemiyinge emibili ephakelwa njengokufakwayo
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30765
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklabishi
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Iklabishi
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(aluhlaza okotshani), esilinywa njalo ngonyaka njengesilimo semifino ngenxa yamakhanda
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njalo ngonyaka njengesilimo semifino ngenxa yamakhanda aso amaqabunga
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30766
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baoshu
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Baoshu
|
esayensi kanye namanoveli eziyinganekwane. Enye yezincwadi zakhe, i-Three Body X (eshicilelwe njenge-The Redemption of Time ngesiNgisi), iyengezela inoveli elithi Ukuphela kokufa ka-Liu Cixin. U-Baoshu uthole iziqu
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eziyinganekwane. Enye yezincwadi zakhe, i-Three Body X (eshicilelwe njenge-The Redemption of Time ngesiNgisi), iyengezela inoveli elithi Ukuphela kokufa ka-Liu Cixin. U-Baoshu uthole iziqu ze-Master of Philosophy eNyuvesi yasePeking, kanye
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30767
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmBumane
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UmBumane
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wakwa-Brassicaceae, uzalo lwe- Brassica ) esinekhanda elikhulu eliqhakazayo, isiqu
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(umndeni wakwa-Brassicaceae, uzalo lwe- Brassica ) esinekhanda elikhulu
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30768
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiqavithi
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Isiqavithi
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nomuntu ngokuqondile. Izinhlelo zesiqavithi, ziklanyelwe ukufefenyeka ngokugculisayo indlela umuntu angacondoza ngayo engoxoxweni, futhi ngokuvamile zidinga ukulungiswa nokuvivinywa okuqhubekayo, futhi eziningi ezikhiqizwayo
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ziklanyelwe ukufefenyeka ngokugculisayo indlela umuntu angacondoza ngayo engoxoxweni, futhi ngokuvamile zidinga ukulungiswa nokuvivinywa okuqhubekayo, futhi eziningi ezikhiqizwayo kusenzima ukuba ziqavithe
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30769
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umkleshe
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Umkleshe
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) isitshalo esiqhakazayo samaqabunga
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nasentshonalanga ye-Asia .
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30770
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insimbi
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Insimbi
|
nenani lobuchwe elingama- 26. Iyinkimbi yeqembu lesi-8 lecansi lezinhlwa. Iyinhlwa eyinala kakhulu
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kulezo ezibumba umnyombo ongaphakathi womhlaba. Futhi iyinhlwa yesine eyinala egobohleni lomhlaba.
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30774
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inguxa%20yokuCikiza%20nobuHlakani
|
Inguxa yokuCikiza nobuHlakani
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nobuHlakani " kwakuyisihloko sephepha elinethonya elabhalwe ngu-Alan Turing ngesihloko sohlakahlisombulu. Lesi sibhalwa sakhe, esashicilelwa ngowezi-1950 kumagazini obizwa Mind, kwaba ngesokuqala ukungenisa emphakathini isibangelo namuhla esaziwa ngokuthi isivivinyo sika-Turing. Isibhalwa sika-Turing sicubungula umbuzo othi "ingabe izinguxa ziyakwazi ukucabanga?" UTuring uthi, njengoba izwi elithi "ukucabanga"nelithi "inguxa" lingenakuchasiswa ngokucacileyo kufanele "sinane umbuzo ngelinye, elihlobene eduze nalo futhi elikhulunywa ngamazwi angathinziyeli." Ukuze enze lokho, kufanele aqale ngokufumana isu elilula nelingathinziyeli azonana ngalo izwi elithi "ukucabanga", okwesibili kufanele achaze ngokuqondile ukuthi yiziphi "izinguxa" azicubungulayo, okokugcina, lapho sekahlone ngalamaqiniso, uzocabaya umbuzo omusha, ohlobene nowokuqala nakholelwa ukuthi ungaphendula ngokuqinisekile. Isivivinyo sika-Turing Kunokuthi sizame ukunqumela ukuba inguxa iyacabanga yini, uTuring usikisela ukuthi sibuze ukuba ingabe inguxa ingawunqoba umfeketho obizwa ngokuthi "uMfeketho wokuLingisa". UMfeketho wokuLingisa wendabuko, lowo uTuring awuchazisayo, ungumdlalo weqembu olula obandakanya abadlali abathathu. Umdlali A kuba ngowesilisa, umdlali B kuba ngowesifazane bese umdlali C (obuye abe ngumphenyi) angaba ngowanoma ibuphi ubulili. EMfekethweni wokuLingisa, umdlali C akakwazi ukubona umdlali A nomdlali B (wazi nje ukuthi babizwa X no-Y), futhi ukuxhumana nabo kuphela ngesiqoshwana noma ezinye izindlela ezingayivezi imininingwane yobulili babo. Ngokubuza umdlali A nomdlali B imibuzo, ulinga ukunqumela ukuthi yimuphi kulabadlali ababili ongowesilisa kanye nongowesifazane. Iqhaza lomdlali A ukugila umphenyi ukuze enze isinqumelo esiyiphutha, kuyilapho umdlali B ezama ukulekelela umphenyi ekwenzeni esilungile. UTuring uphakamisa umxhantela walomdlalo obandakanya isiCikizi: Ngakho umfeketho oguquliwe kuba ngobandakanya abadlali abathathu abasemagumbini aqhingiwe: isiCikizi (okuyisona esivivinywayo), isothamlilo kanye nesothamlilo esingumgwebi. UMgwebi oyisothamlilo uyakwazi ukuxoxa kokubili nesothamlilo kanye nesicikizi ngokuchofa esiqhafazeni. Kokubili isiCikizi nesothamlilo zilinga ukukholisa umgwebi ukuba bobabili bayizothamlilo. Uma umgwebi ehluleka ukugagula ngokuphindelela ukuthi ini iyini, khona isiCikizi siyawunqoba umfeketho. Kunjengoba kwaphawula u-Stevan Harna, ukuthi umbuzo usuphendukile waba ngothi "ingabe izinguxa zingakwenza lokho esikwaziyo ukukwenza?" Ngamanye amazwi, uTuring akasabuzi ukuthi inguxa iyakwazi "ukucabanga"; ubuza ukuthi iyakwazi ukwenza ngokufanayo nendlela isothamlilo esicabangayo esenza ngayo. Lombuzo ugwema inkinga enzima yenjulalwazi yokuchasisa kusengaphambili isenzo esithi "ukucabanga" futhi ugxila emakhonweni wokwenza awumphumela wokucabanga, nokuthi isimiso esingunobangela singawaphehla kanjani. Abanye baye bathatha imibuzo ka-Turing njengebuza ukuthi "ingabe isiCikizi, lapho sixhumana ngesichilelakude, singakwazi ukukhohlisa isothamlilo sikholwe ukuthi naso siyisothamlilo?" kodwa sekuyacaca ukuba uTuring wayengakhulumi ngokukhohlisa abantu kodwa ngokuphathelene nokuphehla ikhono lokuqonda elinjengelomuntu. IziNguxa zezezibhangqiwe UTuring uphinde aqaphele ukuthi sidinga ukunqumela ngokuthi yiziphi "izinguxa" esifisa ukuzicubungula. Uveza ukuthi umuntu oluswempu, nakuba ekhandwe umuntu, akanakuba ilyisibonelo esihle. UTuring wasikisela ukuba sigxile emakhonweni ezinguxa zezezibhangqiwe—izinguxa ezilumba amanani angamabhangqa (1 kanye ne-0), siwabhale kabusha kube yinkumbulo sisebenzisa imithetho elula.
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ongowesilisa kanye nongowesifazane. Iqhaza lomdlali A ukugila umphenyi ukuze enze isinqumelo esiyiphutha, kuyilapho umdlali B ezama ukulekelela umphenyi ekwenzeni esilungile. UTuring uphakamisa umxhantela walomdlalo obandakanya isiCikizi: Ngakho umfeketho oguquliwe kuba ngobandakanya abadlali abathathu abasemagumbini aqhingiwe: isiCikizi (okuyisona esivivinywayo), isothamlilo kanye nesothamlilo esingumgwebi. UMgwebi oyisothamlilo uyakwazi ukuxoxa kokubili nesothamlilo kanye nesicikizi ngokuchofa esiqhafazeni. Kokubili isiCikizi nesothamlilo zilinga ukukholisa umgwebi ukuba bobabili bayizothamlilo. Uma umgwebi ehluleka ukugagula ngokuphindelela ukuthi ini iyini, khona isiCikizi siyawunqoba umfeketho. Kunjengoba kwaphawula u-Stevan Harna, ukuthi umbuzo usuphendukile waba ngothi "ingabe izinguxa zingakwenza lokho esikwaziyo ukukwenza?" Ngamanye amazwi, uTuring akasabuzi ukuthi inguxa iyakwazi "ukucabanga"; ubuza ukuthi iyakwazi ukwenza ngokufanayo nendlela isothamlilo esicabangayo esenza ngayo. Lombuzo ugwema inkinga enzima yenjulalwazi yokuchasisa kusengaphambili isenzo esithi "ukucabanga" futhi ugxila emakhonweni wokwenza awumphumela wokucabanga, nokuthi isimiso esingunobangela singawaphehla kanjani. Abanye baye bathatha imibuzo ka-Turing njengebuza ukuthi "ingabe isiCikizi, lapho sixhumana ngesichilelakude, singakwazi ukukhohlisa isothamlilo sikholwe ukuthi naso siyisothamlilo?" kodwa sekuyacaca ukuba uTuring wayengakhulumi ngokukhohlisa abantu kodwa ngokuphathelene nokuphehla ikhono lokuqonda elinjengelomuntu. IziNguxa zezezibhangqiwe UTuring uphinde aqaphele ukuthi sidinga ukunqumela ngokuthi yiziphi "izinguxa" esifisa ukuzicubungula. Uveza ukuthi umuntu oluswempu, nakuba ekhandwe umuntu, akanakuba ilyisibonelo esihle. UTuring wasikisela ukuba sigxile emakhonweni ezinguxa zezezibhangqiwe—izinguxa ezilumba amanani angamabhangqa (1 kanye ne-0), siwabhale kabusha kube yinkumbulo sisebenzisa imithetho elula. Wanikela ngezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, asikho isizathu sokuqagula ukuba zikhona noma cha. Kakade zazikhona ngowe-1950. Okwesibili, inguxa yezezibhangqiwe "indawozonke". Ucwaningo luka-Turing ngezisekelo zokucikiza lwafakaza ukuthi isiCikizi sezezibhangqiwe singafefenyeka, ngokombono, ukucondoza kwanoma iyiphi inguxa yezezibhangqiwe, uma sinikwe inkumbulo nesikhathi esanele. (Lokhu ukuqonda okuyingqikithi kombono ka-Church no-Turing nokwenguxa ka-Turing.) Ngenxa yalokho, uma noma iyiphi inguxa yezezibhangqiwe "yenzisa sengathi iyacabanga" khona ke, zonke izinguxa zezezibhangqiwe ezinamandla ngokwanele zingakwenza. UTuring wabhala wathi, "zonke izicikizi zezezibhangqiwe ngomqondo othile ziyalingana." Lokhu kuvumela ukuba umbuzo wendabuko wenziwe uqonde kakhudlwana. uTuring manje ulungisa umbuzo wendabuko njengothi "Ake sigxilise ukunaka kwethu esicikizini esikhethekile esizosibiza C. Ingabe kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngokuguqula lesicikizi sisenze sibe nesibeko esanele, sandise ngokulingene ijubane laso lokusebenza, futhi sisihlinzeke ngenhleleliso efanele, u-C angenziwa ukuba afekethe ngokugculisayo ingxenye ka-A emfekethweni wokulingisa, lapho ingxenye ka-B yenziwa isothamlilo?" Ingakho, njengoba kuveza uTuring, singagxilile ekutheni "ingabe zonke izicikizi zezezibhangqiwe zizoganya emfekethweni noma ingabe izicikizi ezitholakalayo kwamanje zizoganya, kodwa ekutheni kunezicikizi ezingenakubalwa ezizoganya". Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba sicubungule izimpokozelo ezingenziwa ngesimo sezinguxa zethu namuhla kungakhathaliseki ukuba sinensizakusebenza yokuzakha noma cha. Izimpikiso ezilithoba ezivamile Emva kokucasisa umbuzo, uTuring waqhubeka nokuwuphendula: ecubungula
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30775
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isithunu%20soxhakaxholo
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Isithunu soxhakaxholo
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IsiThununu noma kalula nje isithunu, ihlelokusebenza eliqhuba imisebenzi ehlelelekiwe (
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noma kalula nje isithunu, ihlelokusebenza eliqhuba imisebenzi ehlelelekiwe
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30776
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impahla
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Impahla
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ingaphathwa noma ilawulwe ngezindlela ezifanayo noma ezihlukile, ezilula noma eyizinkimbinkimbi, ngokulinganayo noma ngokungalingani. Kodwa, kulindelwe ukuba intando yomuntu ngamunye ngokuphathelene nempahla ichasiswe ngokucacile, ukuze ihlukanise ubunikazi nentela kumqasho. Abanini mpahla bangalindela ukuthi izintando zabo (wills)
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ngayo, ukubambisa ngayo, ukuyidayisa, ukuyinana, ukuyidlulisa, ukuphana ngayo noma ukuyibhubhisa, noma ukvimbela abanye ekwenzeni okufanayo kuyo, kanye nokuyilaxaza; kuyilapho kungakhathaliseki isimo sempahla, umnikazi unelungelo lokuyisebenzisa ngokufanele ngaphansi kwamalungelo awaphiwe wempahla. Kwezomnotho nakwezomnotho wezombusazwe, kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu ezibanzi zempahla: impahla esisulu (private property), impahla esobala (public property), kanye nempahla ehlanganyelwe (ebizwa nangokuthi impahla yobumbano).
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30777
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impahla%20esisulu
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Impahla esisulu
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ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni. Impahla esisulu yahlukaniseka kalula empahleni yomphakathi ekungeyombuso noma inhlangano yembuso nasempahleni yomuntu siqu, nasempahleni enobunikazi obuhlanganyelwe noma yobambiswano, enabanikazi abayiqembu labantu noma inhlangano ezimele. Impahla esisulu iyisisekelo sobuhlohlesakhe, okunguhlelo lwezomnotho olusekwe ebunikazini obusisulu
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kalula empahleni yomphakathi ekungeyombuso noma inhlangano yembuso nasempahleni yomuntu siqu, nasempahleni enobunikazi obuhlanganyelwe noma yobambiswano, enabanikazi abayiqembu labantu noma inhlangano ezimele. Impahla esisulu iyisisekelo sobuhlohlesakhe, okunguhlelo lwezomnotho olusekwe ebunikazini obusisulu bezinsiza zokukhiqiza nokugidingela inzuzo kwazo.
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30782
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IChwenzi%20entuhlambili
|
IChwenzi entuhlambili
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kuka-11. °C, njengoketshezi olubomvu sansundu phakathi kuka-11 °C kanye -59 °C, futhi
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phakathi kuka-11 °C kanye -59 °C, futhi njengemincwebe elundwa
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30784
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amandla%20enuzi%20eNingizimu%20Afrika
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Amandla enuzi eNingizimu Afrika
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sitholakala endaweni engamakhilomitha angama-30 enyakatho yeKapa. Sineziphehlisi
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acindezelwe amabili asebenza nge-uranium neziphehla cishe u-5%
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30785
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izimbulu
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Izimbulu
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eziyizimbulu zenzeka kakhulu eziFundeni ezisezansi zaseMelika, lapho kugcwele ubhuku. Eminyakeni ye-1980, kwakubonwa cishe amakhulu ezimbulu endaweni yase-Bishopville, eSouth Carolina. Kunganeko Izinhlanga zezimbulu ezinezicizomenzo (anthropomorphic reptilians)
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ezimbulu endaweni yase-Bishopville, eSouth Carolina. Kunganeko Izinhlanga zezimbulu ezinezicizomenzo (anthropomorphic reptilians) noma izidalwa ezinjalo zivela kaningi ezinsomini nakwinganeko yenzululwazi. Zivame ukusekelwa kwizihuquzi ezinhlobonhlobo ezifana nezibankwa, izingwenya, izingwenyatha, izinyoka, izilomazenge,
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30786
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbono%20wephako%20lezimbulu
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Umbono wephako lezimbulu
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enyuvesi yase-Syracuse, uveza ukuthi umbono wephako lezimbulu udabuka enganekweni ka-Conan the Barbarian eyadalwa ngu-Robert E. Howard, endaweni yakhe ethi "The Shadow Kingdom", eyashicilelwa encwadini ebizwa Weird Tales ngoNcwaba we-1929. Lendaba yayithatha imibono yolwazi olungcwele (theosophical ideas) emayelana "nezwe elalahleka" lase-Atlantis nase-Lemuria, ikakhulukazi encwadini ethi 'The Secret Doctrine' ka-Helena Blavatsky eyabhalwa ngowe-1888, enamaphatho "ngabantu-nzawu" abake baba yisizwe esiphucukule esinamandla ezwekazini iLemuria". "Abantu nyoka" baka-Howard bachaziswa ngokuthi basabantu (banemizimba yabantu namakhanda ezinyoka) ababemekhono lokulimgisa abantu uma bethanda, nababehlala emigudwini engaphansi komhlaba nababesebenzisa amakhono wabo wokumbuluza nokulawula umqondo ukuze bafohle phakathi kwabantu. U-Clark Ashton Smith wasebenzisa "abantu-nyoka" baka-Howard ezindabeni zakhe, Kanye nezihloko ezivela ku-H. P. Lovecraft, kanti futhi bobabili, uHoward beno-Lovecraft babeka Isisekelo sezindaba ze-Cthulhu Mythos. Eminyakeni ye-1940, uMaurice Doreal (owaziwa nangokuthi u-Claude Doggins)
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bezwe, bakhwelwe yizona lezimbulu. Indabuko U-Michael Barkun, usolwazi wenzulukwazi yezombusazwe enyuvesi yase-Syracuse, uveza ukuthi umbono wephako lezimbulu udabuka enganekweni ka-Conan the Barbarian eyadalwa ngu-Robert E. Howard, endaweni yakhe ethi "The Shadow Kingdom", eyashicilelwa encwadini ebizwa Weird Tales ngoNcwaba we-1929. Lendaba yayithatha imibono yolwazi olungcwele (theosophical ideas) emayelana "nezwe elalahleka" lase-Atlantis nase-Lemuria, ikakhulukazi encwadini ethi 'The Secret Doctrine' ka-Helena Blavatsky eyabhalwa ngowe-1888, enamaphatho "ngabantu-nzawu" abake baba yisizwe esiphucukule esinamandla ezwekazini iLemuria". "Abantu nyoka" baka-Howard bachaziswa ngokuthi basabantu (banemizimba yabantu namakhanda ezinyoka) ababemekhono lokulimgisa abantu uma bethanda, nababehlala emigudwini engaphansi komhlaba nababesebenzisa amakhono wabo wokumbuluza nokulawula umqondo ukuze bafohle phakathi kwabantu. U-Clark Ashton Smith wasebenzisa
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30787
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyaka%20wezi-2021%20eNingizimu%20Afrika
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Unyaka wezi-2021 eNingizimu Afrika
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inkantolo yomthethesisekelo ngokwenqaba ukuzophana ngobufakazi kwiKhomishana yokwaHlulela ePhenya ngeziNsolo zokuGwamandwa koMbuso. 23 kuNhlolanja – Isidlavela esaziwa nge-Port Elizabeth sinikwa igama elisha ngokusemthethweni elithi Gqeberha. Olunye ushintsho lwamagama okwenzekayo luhlanganisa iKariega(ebiyizwa ngokuthi Uitenhage) kanye neSikhumulo seziNdiza iNkosi Dawid Stuurman (esasibizwa ngokuthi isiKhumulo seziNdiza sase-Port Elizabeth). KuNdasa noMbasa 1 kuNdasa – Uhulumeni umemezela amacebo wokusungula iNkundla yezoMhlaba ekhethekile. 8 kuNdasa – Abathalazi basemgwaqeni abangabokufika bevela eSenegal naseBurkina Faso bangeniswa esibhedlela emva kokuhkaselwa kwabokufika eThekwini. 10 kuNdasa – Umlisa oneminyaka ephakathi uyabulawa emva kokudutshulwa ngamaphoyisa ekhandwe ngenhlamvu yenjoloba ngesikhathi kunombhikisho ngokumelene nezindleko esiphezulu eNyuvesi yase-Wits. 24 kuNdasa – Ikhomishana yamaLungelo aBantu yaseNingizimu Afrika iphenya icala lokubandlulula olubandakanya isishoshovu samaNdebele uThando Mahlangu, oneminyaka engama-35, nokusebenzisa kwakhe izimpahla zomdabu esitolo samakhambi esidlidlini saseGoli. 24 kuNdasa – INdlovukazi uMantfombi Dlamini Zulu obekwa njengebamba leSilo emva kokukhothama kweSilo samaZulu uZwelithini kaBhekizulu. 25 kuNdasa – AbaseTopiya babhikisha esidlaveleni iPitoli ukuze badonsele ukunaka ekuphulweni kwamalungelo abantu okwenzeka esifundeni saseTigray, eTopiya. 29 kuNdasa – UMongameli Ramaphosa uyala wonke amalunga enhlangano kaKhongolse abekwe amacala wenkohlakalo namanye amacala abucayi ukuba ashenxe ezikhundleni kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30 noma alindele ukubhekana nokumiswa. 18 kuMbasa - kuqubuka umlilo eNtabeni yesiThebe, eKapa. KuNhlaba noNhlangulana KuNhlaba – Ukuqulwa kwecala lenkohlakalo elibekwe owayengumongameli uJacob Zuma kulungela ukuqala. Kodwa liye lahlehliswa. 9 kuNhlangulana – Kuvela umbiko othi uGosiame Thamara Sithole uzale izingane eziyishumi—ezungabafana ezinhlanu nezingamantombazane ezinhlanu—okungaba ukuqopheka komlando womhlaba. Mhla ziyi-15 kuNhlangulana wezi-2021 lowo owayezoba nguyise wezingane eziyishumi wavuma ngesitatimende somndeni ukuthi lendaba ayilona iqiniso nokuthi uGosiame Thamara Sithole akawazalanga amawele ayishumi. 29 kuNhlangulana – INkundla yomthethesisekelo yaseNingizimu Afrika ikhipha isitatimendi esithi owayengumongameli wakuleli uJacob Zuma uzoboshwa izinyanga eziyi-15 kulandela ukutholwa anecala lokudelela inkundla.. KuNtulikazi noNcwaba 1 kuNtulikazi
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zaseNingizimu Afrika zangonyaka ka-2021. AbaPhathiswa UMongameli: uCyrill Ramaphosa (ANC) Isekela mongameli: uDavid Mabuza (ANC) Induna yabaHluleli: uMogoeng Mogoeng Isekela nduna yabaHluleli: uRaymond Zondo UMongameli weNkundla yokuDluliswa kwamacala: uMandisa Maya Isekela mongameli weNkundla yokuDluliswa kwamacala : Xola Petse Usihlalo weNkundla yezokhetho: Boissie Henry Mbha USomlomo wePhakamende lwezwe laseNingizimu Afrika: uThandi Modise (ANC) IPhini likaSomlomo wePhalamende lezwe: uLechesa Tsenoli (ANC) Umholi wabaphikisayo ePhalamende lezwe: uJohn Steenhuisen (DA) Umholi wamabhizinisi kahulumeni: uDavid Mabuza (ANC) USotshwebhu wePhalamende: uPemmy Majodina (ANC) USotshwebhu wabaphikisayo: uNatasha Mazzone (DA) Usihlalo woMkhandlu weziFundazwe: uAmos Masondo (ANC) IPhini likasihlalo woMkhandlu weziFundazwe: uSylvia Lucas (ANC) Umholi wabaphikisayo kuMkhandlu weziFundazwe: uCathlene Labuschagne (DA) USotshwebhu woMkhandlu weziFundazwe: uSeiso Mohai (ANC) IBandla eliyisigungu IBandla longqongqoshe, kanye noMongameli benoSekela mongameli, bebonke bakha iBandla eliyisgungu. ONdunamkulu beziFundazwe Isifundazwe seMpuma Kapa: u-Oscar Mabuyane (ANC) Isifundazwe esiKhululekile: uSisi Ntombela (ANC) Isifundazwe seGoli: uDavid Makhura (ANC) Isifundazwe saKwaZulu-Nata: uSihle Zikalala (ANC) Isifundazwe seLimpopo: uStanley Mathabatha (ANC) Isifundazwe seMpumalanga: uRefilwe Mtsweni-Tsipane (ANC) Isifundazwe seNyakatho-ntshona: uJob Mokgoro (ANC) Isifundazwe seNyakatho Kapa: uZamani Saul (ANC) Isifundazwe seNtshona Kapa: u-Alan Winde (DA) IZehlo zaNyangazonke KuMasingana noNhlolanja 7 kuMasingana – Ubhadane lwe-COVID-19: uNgqongqoshe wezempilo uZweli Mkhize umemezela ukuthi elaseNingizimu Afrika lizokwamukela imijovo eyisigidi esisodwa sechiza i-AZD1222 ngoMasingana nengama-500,000 ngonhlolanja. Abosompilo abayisgidi esisodwa nezinkulungwanenziyikhulu bazoqhakambiswa. Elakuleli seliqinisekise ukuthelekeka kwabayisigidi nezinkulungwane eziyikhulu futhi kwashona abangama-31,368. 25 kuMasingana – Kufa umfanyana oneminyaka emihlanu eMpumalanga futhi izinkulungwane zilahlekelwa amakhaya njengoba isishingishane u-Eloise siletha izikhukhula ezinkulu e-Afrika eseningizimu. Isifundazwe saseLimpopo yisona esishayeka kakhulu. 1 KuNhlolanja uNgqongqoshe wezempilo uBarbara Creecy ubika ukuthi ukuzingelwa kobhejane kwehleli kujenga leminyaka eyisithupha edlule, njengoba kubalawe izilwane ezingama-394 ngowezi-2020 ngenxa yezimpondo. Uthi lokhu kwehla kubangwa Ubhadane lwe-COVID-19 nomsebenzi wabaqaphi besiqiwi nabezokuvikela futhi waveza ukuthi inkinga yokuzingelwa kobhejane isenkulu. UMongameli wangaphambili uJacob Zuma udelela inkantolo yomthethesisekelo ngokwenqaba ukuzophana ngobufakazi kwiKhomishana yokwaHlulela ePhenya ngeziNsolo zokuGwamandwa koMbuso. 23 kuNhlolanja – Isidlavela esaziwa nge-Port Elizabeth sinikwa igama elisha ngokusemthethweni elithi Gqeberha. Olunye ushintsho lwamagama okwenzekayo luhlanganisa iKariega(ebiyizwa ngokuthi Uitenhage) kanye neSikhumulo seziNdiza iNkosi Dawid Stuurman (esasibizwa ngokuthi isiKhumulo seziNdiza sase-Port Elizabeth). KuNdasa noMbasa 1 kuNdasa – Uhulumeni umemezela amacebo wokusungula iNkundla yezoMhlaba ekhethekile. 8 kuNdasa – Abathalazi basemgwaqeni abangabokufika bevela eSenegal naseBurkina Faso bangeniswa esibhedlela emva
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30789
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiPheresiya
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IsiPheresiya
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IsiPheresiya (فارسی) igama lenye yezilimi ezikhulunywa eNtshonalanga Asia. Lulwimi lwesizwe sase I-Irani, I-Afganistani,
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lwesizwe sase I-Irani, I-Afganistani, ITajikistani. Amakhasi amanye Academy of Persian Language and
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30790
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IXhwe
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IXhwe
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ingasabeli, ingabhekana nokulumvana kweziqa ezifana nobumbeka kweXhwe lomFusikhazi (xenon hexafluoroplatinate), umxube
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amancane. Nakuba ngokuvamile ingasabeli, ingabhekana nokulumvana kweziqa ezifana nobumbeka kweXhwe lomFusikhazi (xenon hexafluoroplatinate),
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30795
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https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IShowSpeed
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IShowSpeed
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Abazalwa nge-2005 Abantu baseMelika Abaculi
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ngoMasingane 2005) ungumculi waseMelika. Abazalwa nge-2005 Abantu
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30798
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intshwayo
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Intshwayo
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(elisuka esenzweni 'sokushwaya' nesenzukuthi 'shwayi') ingukuhlelenjwa, ukuhlonzwa, nokuhlakahlwa kokwaziswa kwezinzwa
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Intshwayo (elisuka esenzweni 'sokushwaya' nesenzukuthi 'shwayi') ingukuhlelenjwa, ukuhlonzwa, nokuhlakahlwa kokwaziswa
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30799
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBehlezani
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IBehlezani
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4. Liyinqimbi empunga, eqinile, engasindi kanye nengqubathi yoMhlaba entekenteke . Liyinhlwa ehlengembili (divalent) etholakala ngokwemvelo kuphela ngokuhlangana nezinye izinhlwa ukwenza izimbiwa. Amatshe ayigugu aphawulekayo anebehlezani eliphezulu ahlanganisa imbehle (beryl) (isincwamanzi (aquamarine), umhlazazana (emerald) ) nembehlehlaza (chrysoberyl). Liyivelakancane kumkhathilibe,
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ayigugu aphawulekayo anebehlezani eliphezulu ahlanganisa imbehle (beryl) (isincwamanzi (aquamarine), umhlazazana (emerald) ) nembehlehlaza (chrysoberyl). Liyivelakancane kumkhathilibe, ngokuvamile litholakala njengomkhiqizo wokusakazeka kwezindeni zechwe ezinkulu ezihlangane nemisebe yomkhathi .
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30800
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INimbi
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INimbi
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futhi enwebekayo. Inimbi ecwebile iyasabela ngokwevanga kodwa izingcezu ezinkulu zisabela lusilili uma umoya ungaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ngenxa yokuthi
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osambedu kancane. INimbi iyinkmbi eqinile futhi enwebekayo. Inimbi ecwebile iyasabela ngokwevanga kodwa izingcezu ezinkulu zisabela lusilili uma umoya ungaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ngenxa yokuthi ungqimba lokungasabeli lwentuhla yenimbi lwakheka ebusweni balo ukuvimbela
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30801
|
https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmBohlwa
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UmBohlwa
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carbide ne -boron nitride. UmBohlwa uhlanganiswe ngokuphelele yi- cosmic ray spallation kanye neDangazelakazi hhayi nge-stellar nucleosynthesis, ngakho uyingxenye enensada ephansi kunozungezilanga kanye noqweqwe loMhlaba. Wakha cishe amaphesenti angu-0.001 ngesisindo soqweqwe loMhlaba. Igxile eMhlabeni ngokuncibilika emanzini kwemixube yawo evame ukwenzeka ngokwemvelo, izimbiwa e-
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ne -boron nitride. UmBohlwa uhlanganiswe ngokuphelele yi- cosmic ray spallation kanye neDangazelakazi hhayi nge-stellar nucleosynthesis, ngakho uyingxenye enensada ephansi kunozungezilanga kanye noqweqwe loMhlaba. Wakha cishe amaphesenti angu-0.001 ngesisindo soqweqwe loMhlaba. Igxile eMhlabeni ngokuncibilika emanzini kwemixube yawo evame ukwenzeka ngokwemvelo, izimbiwa e- borate . Lezi zembiwa ngokwezimboni njengama- evaporites, njenge - borax ne- kernite .
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