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D2094104
|
https://customerservicecontactphonenumber.com/Contact-Phone-Number-of-Decorating-Den/
|
.
|
Contact Address For Decorating Den410 Idaho Dr , Pella, IAYou can visit Decorating Den on the address mentioned above and ask your queries or register your complaints. (Please call before visit Decorating Den)Email address to send mail to Decorating [email protected] Send mail to Decorating Den using the email address mentioned above and Decorating Den may not be reply back. Call Decorating Den Phone Numbers for Help: (641) 628-8151Call to Decorating Den for any help. You can visit Decorating Den Website for more information:http://decoratingden.org Contact Decorating Den Decorating Den resides at 410 Idaho Dr , Pella, IA provides here all the necessory details like contact number (641) 628-8151 by which customers can reach to Decorating Den. The company works in the field of Carpet Rug Dealers. Decorating Den also deals in Furniture Stores and Draperies. Go to http://decoratingden.org and get more information from there. Some More Phone Numbers Related To Decorating Den Decorating Den Interiors Leesburg FL phone number : (352) 787-4413Interiors by Decorating Den phone number : (847) 362-7520Decorating Den Interiors Milford phone number : (203) 283-0542Decorating Den Interiors San Mateo phone number : (650) 571-5610
|
[
"Contact Address For Decorating Den410 Idaho Dr , Pella, IAYou can visit Decorating Den on the address mentioned above and ask your queries or register your complaints.",
"(Please call before visit Decorating Den)Email address to send mail to Decorating [email protected] Send mail to Decorating Den using the email address mentioned above and Decorating Den may not be reply back.",
"Call Decorating Den Phone Numbers for Help: (641) 628-8151Call to Decorating Den for any help.",
"You can visit Decorating Den Website for more information:http://decoratingden.org Contact Decorating Den Decorating Den resides at 410 Idaho Dr , Pella, IA provides here all the necessory details like contact number (641) 628-8151 by which customers can reach to Decorating Den.",
"The company works in the field of Carpet Rug Dealers.",
"Decorating Den also deals in Furniture Stores and Draperies.",
"Go to http://decoratingden.org and get more information from there.",
"Some More Phone Numbers Related To Decorating Den Decorating Den Interiors Leesburg FL phone number : (352) 787-4413Interiors by Decorating Den phone number : (847) 362-7520Decorating Den Interiors Milford phone number : (203) 283-0542Decorating Den Interiors San Mateo phone number : (650) 571-5610"
] |
D274686
|
https://thelegaldictionary.org/dictionary/private-equity/
|
PRIVATE EQUITY
|
You are here: Home / Dictionary / PRIVATE EQUITYA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S TU V W X Y ZP P. P3 Pa Pb Pc Pe Pf Ph Pi Pl Pn Po Pr Ps Pt Pu Py Pr^ Pr- Pr7 Pra Pre Prf Pri Prj Pro Prs Pru Pry PRIVATE EQUITYAn investment that comes from a private not corporate investor. The investor usually exits at the first public sale. About Black’s Law Dictionary Black's Law Dictionary is the most widely used law dictionary in the United States. It was founded by Henry Campbell Black (1860–1927). It is the reference of choice for definitions in legal briefs and court opinions and has been cited as a secondary legal authority in many U. S. Supreme Court cases. Download our Free Black's Law Dictionary App
|
[
"You are here: Home / Dictionary / PRIVATE EQUITYA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S TU V W X Y ZP P. P3 Pa Pb Pc Pe Pf Ph Pi Pl Pn Po Pr Ps Pt Pu Py Pr^ Pr- Pr7 Pra Pre Prf Pri Prj Pro Prs Pru Pry PRIVATE EQUITYAn investment that comes from a private not corporate investor.",
"The investor usually exits at the first public sale.",
"About Black’s Law Dictionary Black's Law Dictionary is the most widely used law dictionary in the United States.",
"It was founded by Henry Campbell Black (1860–1927).",
"It is the reference of choice for definitions in legal briefs and court opinions and has been cited as a secondary legal authority in many U. S. Supreme Court cases.",
"Download our Free Black's Law Dictionary App"
] |
D3213575
|
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/oil-refinery-located-1-km-north-north-bank-straight-river-3-km-wide-pipeline-constructed-r-q1357947
|
Question: An oil refinery is located 1 km north of the north bank of a straight river that is 3 km wide. A ...
|
Question: An oil refinery is located 1 km north of the north bank of a straight river that is 3 km wide. A ... An oil refinery is located 1 km north of the north bank of a straight river that is 3 km wide. A pipeline is to be constructed from the refinery to storage tanks located on the south bank of the river 9 km east of the refinery. The cost of laying pipe is $200,000 per km over land to a point P on the north bank and $400,000 per km under the river to the tanks. To minimize the cost of the pipeline, how far down river from the refinery should the point P be located? Expert Answer Let R = refinery, S = storage tanks, Q = point on south bank opposite P. Let RP = x, then, QS = 3 - x, and we already know PQ = 1. Us... view the full answer Get this answer with Chegg Study View this answer Find your book Chegg Study also includes Textbook Solutions Study Guide for Stewart's Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals7th Edition James Stewart Calculus7th Edition James Stewart
|
[
"Question: An oil refinery is located 1 km north of the north bank of a straight river that is 3 km wide.",
"A ... An oil refinery is located 1 km north of the north bank of a straight river that is 3 km wide.",
"A pipeline is to be constructed from the refinery to storage tanks located on the south bank of the river 9 km east of the refinery.",
"The cost of laying pipe is $200,000 per km over land to a point P on the north bank and $400,000 per km under the river to the tanks.",
"To minimize the cost of the pipeline, how far down river from the refinery should the point P be located?",
"Expert Answer Let R = refinery, S = storage tanks, Q = point on south bank opposite P. Let RP = x, then, QS = 3 - x, and we already know PQ = 1.",
"Us... view the full answer Get this answer with Chegg Study View this answer Find your book Chegg Study also includes Textbook Solutions Study Guide for Stewart's Single Variable Calculus: Early Transcendentals7th Edition James Stewart Calculus7th Edition James Stewart"
] |
D588349
|
https://techcrunch.com/2016/10/28/why-apples-macbook-touch-bar-was-the-right-thing-to-do/
|
Why Appleâs MacBook Touch Bar was the right thing to do
|
An error occurred with this part of the page, sorry for the inconvenience. Why Apple’s Mac Book Touch Bar was the right thing to do Oct 28, 2016 Matthew Panzarino People love a Greek tragedy. Icarus has flown too close to the sun and tumbled to Earth. Apple has forgotten its core users and been eclipsed by Microsoft. The Touch Bar is a compromise between add... Instagram rolls out Focus portrait mode for videos and photos30 minutes ago Josh Constine Instagram is one-upping Apple with a portrait mode feature that runs on a wider variety of phones and works with video, not just photos. Last month Tech Crunch reported about a Focus feature buried ...b8ta unveils Shopify-like solution for retail stores30 minutes ago Megan Rose Dickeyb8ta, the store founded by Nest alums to sell trendy gadgets, is entering new territory. Today, the startup is launching “Built by b8ta,” which functions as a retail-as-a-service platfo... Coin Tracker raises $1.5M to make tracking crypto investments easy for anyone30 minutes ago Jon Russell It’s April, that means tax returns for people in the U. S. very soon. Given the breakout year that crypto had in 2017 — despite prices cooling down in recent months — and well-inte... Vimeo debuts a Mac app for Final Cut Pro users41 minutes ago Sarah Perez Vimeo today announced the launch of a new Mac app that will give video creators using Final Cut Pro more control over their file formats and video codecs. The app expands upon the existing integrat... Sesame Street turns to Kickstarter to fund autism book48 minutes ago John Biggs Julia is Sesame Street’s first autistic character and her mission is to make neuroatypical kids feel more comfortable and understand that there are kids out there just like them. She’s ...‘Despacito’ and other popular music videos targeted by hackers1 hour ago Brian Heater It’s been a rough couple of weeks for hacks. Earlier today, music syndication service Vevo was hit with a doozy through its You Tube page, targeting some of its most high-profile artists. The list i... Facebook is again criticized for failing to prevent religious conflict in Myanmar1 hour ago Jon Russell Today marks the start of Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s much-anticipated trip to Washington as he attends a hearing with the Senate, before moving on to a Congressional hearing tomorrow. Away... Spectral Edge’s image enhancing tech pulls in $5.3M1 hour ago Natasha Lomas Cambridge, U. K.-based startup Spectral Edge has closed a $5.3M Series A funding round from existing investors Parkwalk Advisors and IQ Capital. The team, which in 2014 spun the business out of acad... Facebook rolls out $40K user data abuse bounty ahead of Zuckerberg’s congressional testimony1 hour ago Jonathan Shieber Ahead of Mark Zuckerberg’s Senate testimony today, Facebook has rolled out a number of product updates — including a bounty hunting program of up to $40,000 for user data violations ... Conductive Ventures launches $100 million enterprise fund1 hour ago Katie Roof There’s a new venture fund in town from some familiar faces. Carey Lai, who previously worked at Intel Capital and IVP, is joining forces with Paul Yeh, formerly of Kleiner Perkins. They̵... Lucidity uses the blockchain to bring more transparency to online ads1 hour ago Anthony Ha Sam Kim, co-founder and CEO of Lucidity, said blockchain technology offers a solution to cut down on fraud and bring more transparency to digital advertising. Kim was previously chief operating off... Facebook begins blocking apps from accessing user data after 90 days of non-use2 hours ago Sarah Perez Facebook has rolled out a change that limits apps’ ability to access users’ data. The change comes hours before Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s testimony before Congress where it&#... FIDO Alliance and W3C have a plan to kill the password2 hours ago Ron Miller By now it’s crystal clear to just about everyone that the password is a weak and frankly meaningless form of authentication, yet most of us still live under the tyranny of the password. This,... Instapage raises $15M to make landing pages smarter2 hours ago Anthony Ha Landing pages might not sound like the most exciting problem for a startup to tackle, but Tyson Quick, founder and CEO of Instapage, said that they’re a real issue for marketers. Quick was pr... Walmart partners with Postmates on grocery delivery2 hours ago Sarah Perez Walmart is expanding its grocery delivering business with the help from new partner, Postmates, the retailer announced this morning. Postmates will initially begin Walmart Online Grocery Delivery i... Google and Netflix team up to launch a new open source canary analysis tool3 hours ago Frederic Lardinois Google and Netflix today announced the launch of Kayenta, a new open source project that aims bring the canary analysis tools Netflix developed internally to a wider audience. Kayenta is integrated... Hired spent $2 million to fix its wage gap3 hours ago Megan Rose Dickey The pay gap is real, my friends. Hired, the career marketplace that produces studies about pay inequality, spent $2 million in 2016 to close its wage gap across gender, race and sexual identity. Si... Join me at the amazing Blue Lacuna space in Chicago3 hours ago John Biggs Some folks I met in Chicago are holding an amazing event at a great place on South Canalport Avenue. This former macaroni factory now builds startups and I’ll be helping judge their pitch-off... A brief history of Facebook’s privacy hostility ahead of Zuckerberg’s testimony3 hours ago Natasha Lomas The Facebook founder will be questioned by the Senate Judiciary and Senate Commerce Committees later today — in a session entitled “Facebook, Social Media Privacy, and the Use and Abuse of Da... Splunk turns data processing chops to Industrial Io T3 hours ago Ron Miller Splunk has always been known as a company that can sift through oodles of log or security data and help customers surface the important bits. Today, it announced it was going to try to apply that s...
|
[
"An error occurred with this part of the page, sorry for the inconvenience.",
"Why Apple’s Mac Book Touch Bar was the right thing to do Oct 28, 2016 Matthew Panzarino People love a Greek tragedy.",
"Icarus has flown too close to the sun and tumbled to Earth.",
"Apple has forgotten its core users and been eclipsed by Microsoft.",
"The Touch Bar is a compromise between add... Instagram rolls out Focus portrait mode for videos and photos30 minutes ago Josh Constine Instagram is one-upping Apple with a portrait mode feature that runs on a wider variety of phones and works with video, not just photos.",
"Last month Tech Crunch reported about a Focus feature buried ...b8ta unveils Shopify-like solution for retail stores30 minutes ago Megan Rose Dickeyb8ta, the store founded by Nest alums to sell trendy gadgets, is entering new territory.",
"Today, the startup is launching “Built by b8ta,” which functions as a retail-as-a-service platfo...",
"Coin Tracker raises $1.5M to make tracking crypto investments easy for anyone30 minutes ago Jon Russell It’s April, that means tax returns for people in the U. S. very soon.",
"Given the breakout year that crypto had in 2017 — despite prices cooling down in recent months — and well-inte... Vimeo debuts a Mac app for Final Cut Pro users41 minutes ago Sarah Perez Vimeo today announced the launch of a new Mac app that will give video creators using Final Cut Pro more control over their file formats and video codecs.",
"The app expands upon the existing integrat... Sesame Street turns to Kickstarter to fund autism book48 minutes ago John Biggs Julia is Sesame Street’s first autistic character and her mission is to make neuroatypical kids feel more comfortable and understand that there are kids out there just like them.",
"She’s ...‘Despacito’ and other popular music videos targeted by hackers1 hour ago Brian Heater It’s been a rough couple of weeks for hacks.",
"Earlier today, music syndication service Vevo was hit with a doozy through its You Tube page, targeting some of its most high-profile artists.",
"The list i... Facebook is again criticized for failing to prevent religious conflict in Myanmar1 hour ago Jon Russell Today marks the start of Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s much-anticipated trip to Washington as he attends a hearing with the Senate, before moving on to a Congressional hearing tomorrow.",
"Away... Spectral Edge’s image enhancing tech pulls in $5.3M1 hour ago Natasha Lomas Cambridge, U. K.-based startup Spectral Edge has closed a $5.3M Series A funding round from existing investors Parkwalk Advisors and IQ Capital.",
"The team, which in 2014 spun the business out of acad... Facebook rolls out $40K user data abuse bounty ahead of Zuckerberg’s congressional testimony1 hour ago Jonathan Shieber Ahead of Mark Zuckerberg’s Senate testimony today, Facebook has rolled out a number of product updates — including a bounty hunting program of up to $40,000 for user data violations ... Conductive Ventures launches $100 million enterprise fund1 hour ago Katie Roof There’s a new venture fund in town from some familiar faces.",
"Carey Lai, who previously worked at Intel Capital and IVP, is joining forces with Paul Yeh, formerly of Kleiner Perkins.",
"They̵... Lucidity uses the blockchain to bring more transparency to online ads1 hour ago Anthony Ha Sam Kim, co-founder and CEO of Lucidity, said blockchain technology offers a solution to cut down on fraud and bring more transparency to digital advertising.",
"Kim was previously chief operating off... Facebook begins blocking apps from accessing user data after 90 days of non-use2 hours ago Sarah Perez Facebook has rolled out a change that limits apps’ ability to access users’ data.",
"The change comes hours before Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s testimony before Congress where it&#... FIDO Alliance and W3C have a plan to kill the password2 hours ago Ron Miller By now it’s crystal clear to just about everyone that the password is a weak and frankly meaningless form of authentication, yet most of us still live under the tyranny of the password.",
"This,... Instapage raises $15M to make landing pages smarter2 hours ago Anthony Ha Landing pages might not sound like the most exciting problem for a startup to tackle, but Tyson Quick, founder and CEO of Instapage, said that they’re a real issue for marketers.",
"Quick was pr... Walmart partners with Postmates on grocery delivery2 hours ago Sarah Perez Walmart is expanding its grocery delivering business with the help from new partner, Postmates, the retailer announced this morning.",
"Postmates will initially begin Walmart Online Grocery Delivery i... Google and Netflix team up to launch a new open source canary analysis tool3 hours ago Frederic Lardinois Google and Netflix today announced the launch of Kayenta, a new open source project that aims bring the canary analysis tools Netflix developed internally to a wider audience.",
"Kayenta is integrated...",
"Hired spent $2 million to fix its wage gap3 hours ago Megan Rose Dickey The pay gap is real, my friends.",
"Hired, the career marketplace that produces studies about pay inequality, spent $2 million in 2016 to close its wage gap across gender, race and sexual identity.",
"Si... Join me at the amazing Blue Lacuna space in Chicago3 hours ago John Biggs Some folks I met in Chicago are holding an amazing event at a great place on South Canalport Avenue.",
"This former macaroni factory now builds startups and I’ll be helping judge their pitch-off... A brief history of Facebook’s privacy hostility ahead of Zuckerberg’s testimony3 hours ago Natasha Lomas The Facebook founder will be questioned by the Senate Judiciary and Senate Commerce Committees later today — in a session entitled “Facebook, Social Media Privacy, and the Use and Abuse of Da... Splunk turns data processing chops to Industrial Io T3 hours ago Ron Miller Splunk has always been known as a company that can sift through oodles of log or security data and help customers surface the important bits.",
"Today, it announced it was going to try to apply that s..."
] |
D3094130
|
http://www.tmz.com/2012/09/10/michael-clarke-duncan-death-certificate-respiratory-failure/
|
Michael Clarke DuncanDied from Respiratory Failure
|
Michael Clarke Duncan Died from Respiratory Failure1 9/10/2012 3:13 PM PDTMichael Clarke Duncan Death Certificate -- Actor Died from Respiratory Failure EXCLUSIVEMichael Clarke Duncan died from respiratory failure, weeks after going into cardiac arrest ... this according to the actor's death certificate. According to the doc, obtained by TMZ, respiratory failure is listed as the immediate cause of death. One of the underlying causes of Michael's death was anoxic encephalopathy (severe lack of oxygen to the brain). As we first reported, MCD's organs were severely damaged during the minutes following his initial cardiac episode on July 13th, when the actor went without oxygen for five whole minutes. Other underlying causes include ventricular fibrillation (irregular quivering heartbeat), and acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). Organ nodules (sarcoidosis) were a contributing factor to MCD's death. Two weeks after he went into cardiac arrest, MCD also received a tracheotomy, presumably to aid in breathing. MCD passed on September 3rd. He was 54. SHARE ON FACEBOOK TWEET THISRelated Articles Michael Clarke Duncan Funeral -- Tom Hanks Says Goodbye Michael Clarke Duncan -- 'Green Mile' Showing at Public Memorial Michael Clarke Duncan R. I. P. Exclusive Comments Click To View ADVERTISEMENTMore From
|
[
"Michael Clarke Duncan Died from Respiratory Failure1 9/10/2012 3:13 PM PDTMichael Clarke Duncan Death Certificate -- Actor Died from Respiratory Failure EXCLUSIVEMichael Clarke Duncan died from respiratory failure, weeks after going into cardiac arrest ... this according to the actor's death certificate.",
"According to the doc, obtained by TMZ, respiratory failure is listed as the immediate cause of death.",
"One of the underlying causes of Michael's death was anoxic encephalopathy (severe lack of oxygen to the brain).",
"As we first reported, MCD's organs were severely damaged during the minutes following his initial cardiac episode on July 13th, when the actor went without oxygen for five whole minutes.",
"Other underlying causes include ventricular fibrillation (irregular quivering heartbeat), and acute myocardial infarction (heart attack).",
"Organ nodules (sarcoidosis) were a contributing factor to MCD's death.",
"Two weeks after he went into cardiac arrest, MCD also received a tracheotomy, presumably to aid in breathing.",
"MCD passed on September 3rd.",
"He was 54.",
"SHARE ON FACEBOOK TWEET THISRelated Articles Michael Clarke Duncan Funeral -- Tom Hanks Says Goodbye Michael Clarke Duncan -- 'Green Mile' Showing at Public Memorial Michael Clarke Duncan R. I. P. Exclusive Comments Click To View ADVERTISEMENTMore From"
] |
D129034
|
https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/tips/ST04-008
|
Security Tip (ST04-008)
|
"View Previous Tips Security Tip (ST04-008)Benefits of BCCOriginal release date: August 12, 2009 | Last revised: July 01, 2014Print Document Tweet Like Me Share Although in many situations it may be appropriate to list email recipients in the To: or CC: fields, sometimes using the BCC: field may be the most desirable option. What is BCC? BCC, which stands for blind carbon copy, allows you to hide recipients in email messages. Addresses in the To: field and the CC: (carbon copy) field appear in messages, but users cannot see addresses of anyone you included in the BCC: field. Why would you want to use BCC? There are a few main reasons for using BCC: Privacy - Sometimes it's beneficial, even necessary, for you to let recipients know who else is receiving your email message. However, there may be instances when you want to send the same message to multiple recipients without letting them know who else is receiving the message. If you are sending email on behalf of a business or organization, it may be especially important to keep lists of clients, members, or associates confidential. You may also want to avoid listing an internal email address on a message being sent to external recipients. Another point to remember is that if any of the recipients use the ""reply to all"" feature to reply to your messages, all of the recipients listed in the To: and CC: fields will receive the reply. If there is potential for a response that is not appropriate for all recipients, consider using BCC. Tracking - Maybe you want to access or archive the email message you are sending at another email account. Or maybe you want to make someone, such as a supervisor or team member, aware of the email without actually involving them in the exchange. BCC allows you to accomplish these goals without advertising that you are doing it. Respect for your recipients - People often forward email messages without removing the addresses of previous recipients. As a result, messages that are repeatedly sent to many recipients may contain long lists of email addresses. Spammers and email-borne viruses may collect and target those addresses. To reduce the risk, encourage people who forward messages to you to use BCC so that your email address is less likely to appear in other people's inboxes and be susceptible to being harvested. To avoid becoming part of the problem, in addition to using BCC if you forward messages, take time to remove all existing email addresses within the message. The additional benefit is that the people you're sending the message to will appreciate not having to scroll through large sections of irrelevant information to get to the actual message. How do you BCC an email message? Most email clients have the option to BCC listed a few lines below the To: field. However, sometimes it is a separate option that is not listed by default. If you cannot locate it, check the help menu or the software's documentation. If you want to BCC all recipients and your email client will not send a message without something in the To: field, consider using your own email address in that field. In addition to hiding the identity of other recipients, this option will enable you to confirm that the message was sent successfully. Authors Mindi Mc Dowell and Allen Householder This product is provided subject to this Notification and this Privacy & Use policy. Was this document helpful? Yes | Somewhat | No "
|
[
"\"View Previous Tips Security Tip (ST04-008)Benefits of BCCOriginal release date: August 12, 2009 | Last revised: July 01, 2014Print Document Tweet Like Me Share Although in many situations it may be appropriate to list email recipients in the To: or CC: fields, sometimes using the BCC: field may be the most desirable option.",
"What is BCC?",
"BCC, which stands for blind carbon copy, allows you to hide recipients in email messages.",
"Addresses in the To: field and the CC: (carbon copy) field appear in messages, but users cannot see addresses of anyone you included in the BCC: field.",
"Why would you want to use BCC?",
"There are a few main reasons for using BCC: Privacy - Sometimes it's beneficial, even necessary, for you to let recipients know who else is receiving your email message.",
"However, there may be instances when you want to send the same message to multiple recipients without letting them know who else is receiving the message.",
"If you are sending email on behalf of a business or organization, it may be especially important to keep lists of clients, members, or associates confidential.",
"You may also want to avoid listing an internal email address on a message being sent to external recipients.",
"Another point to remember is that if any of the recipients use the \"\"reply to all\"\" feature to reply to your messages, all of the recipients listed in the To: and CC: fields will receive the reply.",
"If there is potential for a response that is not appropriate for all recipients, consider using BCC.",
"Tracking - Maybe you want to access or archive the email message you are sending at another email account.",
"Or maybe you want to make someone, such as a supervisor or team member, aware of the email without actually involving them in the exchange.",
"BCC allows you to accomplish these goals without advertising that you are doing it.",
"Respect for your recipients - People often forward email messages without removing the addresses of previous recipients.",
"As a result, messages that are repeatedly sent to many recipients may contain long lists of email addresses.",
"Spammers and email-borne viruses may collect and target those addresses.",
"To reduce the risk, encourage people who forward messages to you to use BCC so that your email address is less likely to appear in other people's inboxes and be susceptible to being harvested.",
"To avoid becoming part of the problem, in addition to using BCC if you forward messages, take time to remove all existing email addresses within the message.",
"The additional benefit is that the people you're sending the message to will appreciate not having to scroll through large sections of irrelevant information to get to the actual message.",
"How do you BCC an email message?",
"Most email clients have the option to BCC listed a few lines below the To: field.",
"However, sometimes it is a separate option that is not listed by default.",
"If you cannot locate it, check the help menu or the software's documentation.",
"If you want to BCC all recipients and your email client will not send a message without something in the To: field, consider using your own email address in that field.",
"In addition to hiding the identity of other recipients, this option will enable you to confirm that the message was sent successfully.",
"Authors Mindi Mc Dowell and Allen Householder This product is provided subject to this Notification and this Privacy & Use policy.",
"Was this document helpful?",
"Yes | Somewhat | No \""
] |
D297619
|
http://www.eastwakebankruptcy.com/blog/modifying-secured-loans-chapter-13
|
Modifying Secured Loans in Chapter 13
|
"Modifying Secured Loans in Chapter 13Mon, Jan 16 2012 - 2:38pm by Erich M. Fabricius ( [email protected] Twitter Google+)A secured loan is any loan where the lender has an interest in collateral they could potentially take to pay the debt, including mortgages, deeds of trust, liens, and car loans. For bankruptcy debtors with secured debt, they can choose to file chapter 7 or chapter 13. Chapter 13 may offer options to adjust the terms on which the secured loan is repaid. Chapter 7 debtors who keep secured property generally pay the secured loan on the same terms as before bankruptcy. In both chapters, turning the property over to the creditor is also an option. This post discusses how and in what circumstances chapter 13 can alter secured loans. Chapter 13 bankruptcy's treatment of secured debt can be described as having a general rule combined with major exceptions that affect many cars and homes. Each proposed chapter 13 plan provides how each secured claim is to be handled. To obtain plan confirmation and proceed in chapter 13, the proposal for a secured claim must either be (i) accepted by the creditor, (ii) to pay the claim in a particular way, or (iii) to give up the property to the creditor. The general rule is that the plan must propose to pay the value of the property plus interest at a court-set rate from the date of confirmation. It might not be immediately apparent, but this treatment can be significantly more desirable to the debtor than their pre-bankruptcy loan terms. This baseline treatment alters the creditor's payments in several ways. First, if the creditor is owed more money than the property is worth, the value of the property becomes a limit for the secured claim. The balance is treated as an unsecured claim (similar to a credit card ), which in many plans will be paid partially or not at all. This can have the affect of reducing the principal paid on the loan. Second, the claim is paid at a court designated interest rate. This rate is often favorable, and lower than the rates of many secured personal property loans. Finally, the loan installment payment amount and durational term of the loan is set aside in favor of the bankruptcy plan. The loan is paid over the course of the 3 to 5 year plan, with the payment computed as necessary. Even without altering the amount owed or the interest rate, stretching out the payments can lower the debtor's monthly payment obligations. Exception Concerning Primary Home Several exceptions limit the availability of these bankruptcy powers to consumer debtors. For homes and residences, section 1322 (b) (2) prevents chapter 13 plans from modifying claims ""secured only by an interest in real property that is the debtor's principal residence."" In short, if the collateral is the debtor's home, the debtor cannot use chapter 13 to force the creditor to modify the terms of the mortgage. It's worth noting that if the home isn't real property, such as some mobile homes, this limitation does not apply. Occasionally, the mortgage documents include provisions that cause the mortgage loan to lose its special treatment. However, in that case, or for a second home or rental property, there is still a practical limitation that the plan would have to propose to pay the entire value of the real property over the course of five years to get full benefit of a bankruptcy forced modification (i.e. a cramdown ). Exception for ""recent"" purchases Known in the bankruptcy world as the ""hanging paragraph"" of section 1325 (a), the bankruptcy code limits the ability of chapter 13 debtors reduce the balance on certain recent debts to the value of the collateral. For cars and other motor vehicles, the plan must pay the full amount of the claim if the purchase was made within 910 days (about 2 and half years) before the bankruptcy filing. For other personal property (e.g. furniture) the claim must be paid in full if the loan dates from the 1-year period prior to bankruptcy. Despite these limitations, chapter 13 debtors can still benefit from the court-imposed interest rate and the five year repayment window. Qualification on Co-signed Debts If the debtor is jointly obligated on a loan with another person who is not in bankruptcy, the third-party's obligation is not modified by a chapter 13 bankruptcy plan. As a practical matter, if the debtor's bankruptcy does not pay the claim in full at the contract rate of interest, the property is vulnerable to repossession post-bankruptcy (or during bankruptcy with court approval) based on the security interest granted by the non-debtor co-obligor. Due to this reality, some debtors will choose to pay the co-signed loan in full at the contract rate of interest during the bankruptcy so that no obligation remains for the co-obligor. Start Free Bankruptcy Evaluation Contact Bankruptcy Attorney Tags: Secured Debt Chapter 13 Plan Confirmation Cramdown Claim Bifurcation House and Car by audi_insperation. Licensed via a Creative Commons License, original at http://www.flickr.com/photos/audiinsperation/3786022973/. Erich M. Fabricius Raleigh Bankruptcy Attorney Erich Fabricius is available to assist consumers throughout the greater Raleigh area who are filing chapter 13 bankruptcy. Based out of the Knightdale law office of Fabricius & Fabricius PLLC, Erich offers free consultations to consumers who may file bankruptcy. Author Profile Twitter Linked In Google+Log in to post comments "
|
[
"\"Modifying Secured Loans in Chapter 13Mon, Jan 16 2012 - 2:38pm by Erich M. Fabricius ( [email protected] Twitter Google+)A secured loan is any loan where the lender has an interest in collateral they could potentially take to pay the debt, including mortgages, deeds of trust, liens, and car loans.",
"For bankruptcy debtors with secured debt, they can choose to file chapter 7 or chapter 13.",
"Chapter 13 may offer options to adjust the terms on which the secured loan is repaid.",
"Chapter 7 debtors who keep secured property generally pay the secured loan on the same terms as before bankruptcy.",
"In both chapters, turning the property over to the creditor is also an option.",
"This post discusses how and in what circumstances chapter 13 can alter secured loans.",
"Chapter 13 bankruptcy's treatment of secured debt can be described as having a general rule combined with major exceptions that affect many cars and homes.",
"Each proposed chapter 13 plan provides how each secured claim is to be handled.",
"To obtain plan confirmation and proceed in chapter 13, the proposal for a secured claim must either be (i) accepted by the creditor, (ii) to pay the claim in a particular way, or (iii) to give up the property to the creditor.",
"The general rule is that the plan must propose to pay the value of the property plus interest at a court-set rate from the date of confirmation.",
"It might not be immediately apparent, but this treatment can be significantly more desirable to the debtor than their pre-bankruptcy loan terms.",
"This baseline treatment alters the creditor's payments in several ways.",
"First, if the creditor is owed more money than the property is worth, the value of the property becomes a limit for the secured claim.",
"The balance is treated as an unsecured claim (similar to a credit card ), which in many plans will be paid partially or not at all.",
"This can have the affect of reducing the principal paid on the loan.",
"Second, the claim is paid at a court designated interest rate.",
"This rate is often favorable, and lower than the rates of many secured personal property loans.",
"Finally, the loan installment payment amount and durational term of the loan is set aside in favor of the bankruptcy plan.",
"The loan is paid over the course of the 3 to 5 year plan, with the payment computed as necessary.",
"Even without altering the amount owed or the interest rate, stretching out the payments can lower the debtor's monthly payment obligations.",
"Exception Concerning Primary Home Several exceptions limit the availability of these bankruptcy powers to consumer debtors.",
"For homes and residences, section 1322 (b) (2) prevents chapter 13 plans from modifying claims \"\"secured only by an interest in real property that is the debtor's principal residence.\"\"",
"In short, if the collateral is the debtor's home, the debtor cannot use chapter 13 to force the creditor to modify the terms of the mortgage.",
"It's worth noting that if the home isn't real property, such as some mobile homes, this limitation does not apply.",
"Occasionally, the mortgage documents include provisions that cause the mortgage loan to lose its special treatment.",
"However, in that case, or for a second home or rental property, there is still a practical limitation that the plan would have to propose to pay the entire value of the real property over the course of five years to get full benefit of a bankruptcy forced modification (i.e.",
"a cramdown ).",
"Exception for \"\"recent\"\" purchases Known in the bankruptcy world as the \"\"hanging paragraph\"\" of section 1325 (a), the bankruptcy code limits the ability of chapter 13 debtors reduce the balance on certain recent debts to the value of the collateral.",
"For cars and other motor vehicles, the plan must pay the full amount of the claim if the purchase was made within 910 days (about 2 and half years) before the bankruptcy filing.",
"For other personal property (e.g.",
"furniture) the claim must be paid in full if the loan dates from the 1-year period prior to bankruptcy.",
"Despite these limitations, chapter 13 debtors can still benefit from the court-imposed interest rate and the five year repayment window.",
"Qualification on Co-signed Debts If the debtor is jointly obligated on a loan with another person who is not in bankruptcy, the third-party's obligation is not modified by a chapter 13 bankruptcy plan.",
"As a practical matter, if the debtor's bankruptcy does not pay the claim in full at the contract rate of interest, the property is vulnerable to repossession post-bankruptcy (or during bankruptcy with court approval) based on the security interest granted by the non-debtor co-obligor.",
"Due to this reality, some debtors will choose to pay the co-signed loan in full at the contract rate of interest during the bankruptcy so that no obligation remains for the co-obligor.",
"Start Free Bankruptcy Evaluation Contact Bankruptcy Attorney Tags: Secured Debt Chapter 13 Plan Confirmation Cramdown Claim Bifurcation House and Car by audi_insperation.",
"Licensed via a Creative Commons License, original at http://www.flickr.com/photos/audiinsperation/3786022973/.",
"Erich M. Fabricius Raleigh Bankruptcy Attorney Erich Fabricius is available to assist consumers throughout the greater Raleigh area who are filing chapter 13 bankruptcy.",
"Based out of the Knightdale law office of Fabricius & Fabricius PLLC, Erich offers free consultations to consumers who may file bankruptcy.",
"Author Profile Twitter Linked In Google+Log in to post comments \""
] |
D258665
|
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/reverberate
|
reverberate
|
If you give a loud shout in a cavernous place, like a gym or a church, the sound of your voice will reverberate throughout the room. Reverberate means sound waves traveling back and forth, as in an echo. Often we use reverberate to talk about sound, or sometimes light. If a noise echoes for a long time, we can say the space reverberates with that noise. You may have heard of a reverb effect in audio processing, which is basically a long echo. We also use the word metaphorically to describe the impact of huge events. For example, the 2008 mortgage crisis in the US reverberated throughout the world’s economy, causing a global recession.
|
[
"If you give a loud shout in a cavernous place, like a gym or a church, the sound of your voice will reverberate throughout the room.",
"Reverberate means sound waves traveling back and forth, as in an echo.",
"Often we use reverberate to talk about sound, or sometimes light.",
"If a noise echoes for a long time, we can say the space reverberates with that noise.",
"You may have heard of a reverb effect in audio processing, which is basically a long echo.",
"We also use the word metaphorically to describe the impact of huge events.",
"For example, the 2008 mortgage crisis in the US reverberated throughout the world’s economy, causing a global recession."
] |
D741059
|
http://wac.colostate.edu/intro/pop2e.cfm
|
What is Writing in the Disciplines?
|
Home Resources Introduction to WAC WIDIntroduction Why include writing in my courses? What kinds of writing can I include? What is writing to learn? What is writing in the disciplines? Do I have to be an expert in grammar? Do writing and peer review take up too much class time? How can I avoid getting lousy student writing? What makes a good writing assignment? How can I get the most out of peer-review? How can I handle assignments? Why consider collaborative writing assignments? What writing resources are available for my students? What teaching resources are available? WAC Clearinghouse Links Detailed Table of Contents Authors & Contributors What is Writing in the Disciplines? The second category of WAC is often called Writing in the Disciplines (WID). Writing assignments of this sort are designed to introduce or give students practice with the language conventions of a discipline as well as with specific formats typical of a given discipline. For example, the engineering lab report includes much different information in a quite different format from the annual business report. Because WID is used by a large number of WAC programs, this guide presents a great deal of information on WID, including a detailed rationale, examples, and logistical tips. A fuller definition of WIDAlternate forms/formats that mimic professional writing Combining WTL with WIDSequencing tasks Responding to student writing Improving the research essay Resource: Improving the research proposal Teacher commentary Selected print resources Related Web Sites
|
[
"Home Resources Introduction to WAC WIDIntroduction Why include writing in my courses?",
"What kinds of writing can I include?",
"What is writing to learn?",
"What is writing in the disciplines?",
"Do I have to be an expert in grammar?",
"Do writing and peer review take up too much class time?",
"How can I avoid getting lousy student writing?",
"What makes a good writing assignment?",
"How can I get the most out of peer-review?",
"How can I handle assignments?",
"Why consider collaborative writing assignments?",
"What writing resources are available for my students?",
"What teaching resources are available?",
"WAC Clearinghouse Links Detailed Table of Contents Authors & Contributors What is Writing in the Disciplines?",
"The second category of WAC is often called Writing in the Disciplines (WID).",
"Writing assignments of this sort are designed to introduce or give students practice with the language conventions of a discipline as well as with specific formats typical of a given discipline.",
"For example, the engineering lab report includes much different information in a quite different format from the annual business report.",
"Because WID is used by a large number of WAC programs, this guide presents a great deal of information on WID, including a detailed rationale, examples, and logistical tips.",
"A fuller definition of WIDAlternate forms/formats that mimic professional writing Combining WTL with WIDSequencing tasks Responding to student writing Improving the research essay Resource: Improving the research proposal Teacher commentary Selected print resources Related Web Sites"
] |
D2955891
|
http://www.glyconutritionforlife.org/Science_of_Glyconutrients/Xylose.php
|
.
|
This Account has been suspended. Contact your hosting provider for more information.
|
[
"This Account has been suspended.",
"Contact your hosting provider for more information."
] |
D2103417
|
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/macroeconomics-20th-edition-chapter-9-solutions-9780077660772
|
Macroeconomics (20th Edition) View more editions94 % ( 17 ratings) for Chapter 9Solutions for Chapter 9
|
Chapter: Problem: What are the four phases of the business cycle? How long do business cycles last? Why does the business cycle affect output and employment in capital goods industries and consumer durable goods industries more severely than in industries producing consumer nondurables? Sample Solution Step 1 of 3The four phases of the business cycle are peak, recession, trough, and expansion. There are significant variations in the duration for which business cycles last. Step 2 of 3Seasonal variations and long-run trends complicate measurement of the business cycle because an interaction between the two produces the business cycles with significant variations in their duration and intensity. Step 3 of 3The business cycle affects output and employment in capital goods industries and consumer durable goods industries more severely than in industries producing consumer nondurables because the spending on the former goods could be postponed but it is difficult to cut back on the latter. Moreover, in recession, the firms may postpone the investments or may use the unused capacity Back to top Corresponding Textbook Macroeconomics | 20th Edition9780077660772ISBN-13:0077660773ISBN: Campbell R. Mc Connell Authors: Rent | Buy This is an alternate ISBN. View the primary ISBN for: Macroeconomics 20th Edition Textbook Solutions Solutions for Problems in Chapter 91DQ 1P 1RQ 2DQ 2P2RQ 3DQ 3P 3RQ 4DQ4P 4RQ 5DQ 5P 5RQ6DQ 6P 6RQ 7DQ 7P7RQ 8DQ 8RQ 9DQ 9RQ10DQ 10RQ 11DQ 11RQBack to top Need an extra hand? Browse hundreds of Business tutors.
|
[
"Chapter: Problem: What are the four phases of the business cycle?",
"How long do business cycles last?",
"Why does the business cycle affect output and employment in capital goods industries and consumer durable goods industries more severely than in industries producing consumer nondurables?",
"Sample Solution Step 1 of 3The four phases of the business cycle are peak, recession, trough, and expansion.",
"There are significant variations in the duration for which business cycles last.",
"Step 2 of 3Seasonal variations and long-run trends complicate measurement of the business cycle because an interaction between the two produces the business cycles with significant variations in their duration and intensity.",
"Step 3 of 3The business cycle affects output and employment in capital goods industries and consumer durable goods industries more severely than in industries producing consumer nondurables because the spending on the former goods could be postponed but it is difficult to cut back on the latter.",
"Moreover, in recession, the firms may postpone the investments or may use the unused capacity Back to top Corresponding Textbook Macroeconomics | 20th Edition9780077660772ISBN-13:0077660773ISBN: Campbell R. Mc Connell Authors: Rent | Buy This is an alternate ISBN.",
"View the primary ISBN for: Macroeconomics 20th Edition Textbook Solutions Solutions for Problems in Chapter 91DQ 1P 1RQ 2DQ 2P2RQ 3DQ 3P 3RQ 4DQ4P 4RQ 5DQ 5P 5RQ6DQ 6P 6RQ 7DQ 7P7RQ 8DQ 8RQ 9DQ 9RQ10DQ 10RQ 11DQ 11RQBack to top Need an extra hand?",
"Browse hundreds of Business tutors."
] |
D887302
|
http://www.baycongroup.com/excel2007/03_excel.htm
|
Lesson 3: Creating Excel Functions, Filling Cells, and Printing
|
Lesson 3: Creating Excel Functions, Filling Cells, and Printing By using functions, you can quickly and easily make many useful calculations, such as finding an average, the highest number, the lowest number, and a count of the number of items in a list. Microsoft Excel has many functions that you can use. Using Reference Operators To use functions, you need to understand reference operators. Reference operators refer to a cell or a group of cells. There are two types of reference operators: range and union. A range reference refers to all the cells between and including the reference. A range reference consists of two cell addresses separated by a colon. The reference A1: A3 includes cells A1, A2, and A3. The reference A1: C3 includes cells A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, and C3. A union reference includes two or more references. A union reference consists of two or more numbers, range references, or cell addresses separated by a comma. The reference A7,B8: B10,C9,10 refers to cells A7, B8 to B10, C9 and the number 10. Understanding Functions Functions are prewritten formulas. Functions differ from regular formulas in that you supply the value but not the operators, such as +, -, *, or /. For example, you can use the SUM function to add. When using a function, remember the following: Use an equal sign to begin a formula. Specify the function name. Enclose arguments within parentheses. Arguments are values on which you want to perform the calculation. For example, arguments specify the numbers or cells you want to add. Use a comma to separate arguments. Here is an example of a function:=SUM (2,13,A1,B2: C7)In this function: The equal sign begins the function. SUM is the name of the function.2, 13, A1, and B2: C7 are the arguments. Parentheses enclose the arguments. Commas separate the arguments. After you type the first letter of a function name, the Auto Complete list appears. You can double-click on an item in the Auto Complete list to complete your entry quickly. Excel will complete the function name and enter the first parenthesis. EXERCISE 1Function s The SUM function adds argument values. Open Microsoft Excel. Type 12 in cell B1. Press Enter. Type 27 in cell B2. Press Enter. Type 24 in cell B3. Press Enter. Type =SUM (B1: B3) in cell A4. Press Enter. The sum of cells B1 to B3, which is 63, appears. Alternate Method: Enter a Function with the Ribbon Type 150 in cell C1. Press Enter. Type 85 in cell C2. Press Enter. Type 65 in cell C3. Choose the Formulas tab. Click the Insert Function button. The Insert Function dialog box appears. Choose Math & Trig in the Or Select A Category box. Click Sum in the Select A Function box. Click OK. The Function Arguments dialog box appears. Type C1: C3 in the Number1 field, if it does not automatically appear. Click OK. The sum of cells C1 to C3, which is 300, appears. Format worksheet Move to cell A4. Type the word Sum. Select cells B4 to C4. Choose the Home tab. Click the down arrow next to the Borders button. Click Top and Double Bottom Border. As you learned in Lesson 2, you can also calculate a sum by using the Auto Sum button. Calculate an Average You can use the AVERAGE function to calculate the average of a series of numbers. Move to cell A6. Type Average. Press the right arrow key to move to cell B6. Type =AVERAGE (B1: B3). Press Enter. The average of cells B1 to B3, which is 21, appears. Calculate an Average with the Auto Sum Button In Microsoft Excel, you can use the Auto Sum button to calculate an average. Move to cell C6. Choose the Home tab. Click the down arrow next to the Auto Sum button. Click Average. Select cells C1 to C3. Press Enter. The average of cells C1 to C3, which is 100, appears. Find the Lowest Number You can use the MIN function to find the lowest number in a series of numbers. Move to cell A7. Type Min. Press the right arrow key to move to cell B7. Type = MIN (B1: B3). Press Enter. The lowest number in the series, which is 12, appears. Note: You can also use the drop-down button next to the Auto Sum button to calculate minimums, maximums, and counts. Find the Highest Number You can use the MAX function to find the highest number in a series of numbers.. Move to cell A8. Type Max. Press the right arrow key to move to cell B8. Type = MAX (B1: B3). Press Enter. The highest number in the series, which is 27, appears. Count the Numbers in a Series of Numbers You can use the count function to count the number of numbers in a series. Move to cell A9. Type Count. Press the right arrow key to move to cell B9. Choose the Home tab. Click the down arrow next to the Auto Sum button. Click Count Numbers. Excel places the count function in cell C9 and takes a guess at which cells you want to count. The guess is incorrect, so you must select the proper cells. Select B1 to B3. Press Enter. The number of items in the series, which is 3, appears. Fill Cells Automatically You can use Microsoft Excel to fill cells automatically with a series. For example, you can have Excel automatically fill your worksheet with days of the week, months of the year, years, or other types of series. EXERCISE 2Fill Cells Automatically The following demonstrates filling the days of the week: Click the Sheet2 tab. Excel moves to Sheet2. Move to cell A1. Type Sun. Move to cell B1. Type Sunday. Select cells A1 to B1. Choose the Home tab. Click the Bold button. Excel bolds cells A1 to B1. Find the small black square in the lower-right corner of the selected area. The small black square is called the fill handle. Grab the fill handle and drag with your mouse to fill cells A1 to B14. Note how the days of the week fill the cells in a series. Also, note that the Auto Fill Options button appears. Copy Cells Click the Auto Fill Options button. The Auto Fill Options menu appears. Choose the Copy Cells radio button. The entry in cells A1 and B1 are copied to all the highlighted cells. Click the Auto Fill Options button again. Choose the Fill Series radio button. The cells fill as a series from Sunday to Saturday again. Click the Auto Fill Options button again. Choose the Fill Without Formatting radio button. The cells fill as a series from Sunday to Saturday, but the entries are not bolded. Click the Auto Fill Options button again. Choose the Fill Weekdays radio button. The cells fill as a series from Monday to Friday. Adjust Column Width Some of the entries in column B are too long to fit in the column. You can quickly adjust the column width to fit the longest entry. Move your mouse pointer over the line that separates column B and C. The Width Indicator appears. Double-click. The Column adjusts to fit the longest entry. After you complete the remainder of the exercise, your worksheet will look like the one shown here. Fill Times The following demonstrates filling time: Type 1:00 into cell C1. Grab the fill handle and drag with your mouse to highlight cells C1 to C14. Note that each cell fills, using military time. Press Esc and then click anywhere on the worksheet to remove the highlighting. To change the format of the time: Select cells C1 to C14. Choose the Home tab. Click the down arrow next to the number format box. A menu appears. Click Time. Excel changes the format of the time. Fill Numbers You can also fill numbers. Type a 1 in cell D1. Grab the fill handle and drag with your mouse to highlight cells D1 to D14. The number 1 fills each cell. Click the Auto Fill Options button. Choose the Fill Series radio button. The cells fill as a series, starting with 1, 2, 3. Here is another interesting fill feature. Go to cell E1. Type Lesson 1. Grab the fill handle and drag with your mouse to highlight cells E1 to E14. The cells fill in as a series: Lesson 1, Lesson 2, Lesson 3, and so on. Create Headers and Footers You can use the Header & Footer button on the Insert tab to create headers and footers. A header is text that appears at the top of every page of your printed worksheet. A footer is text that appears at the bottom of every page of your printed worksheet. When you click the Header & Footer button, the Design context tab appears and Excel changes to Page Layout view. A context tab is a tab that only appears when you need it. Page Layout view structures your worksheet so that you can easily change the format of your document. You usually work in Normal view. You can type in your header or footer or you can use predefined headers and footers. To find predefined headers and footers, click the Header or Footer button or use the Header & Footer Elements group's buttons. When you choose a header or footer by clicking the Header or Footer button, Excel centers your choice. The table shown here describes each of the Header & Footer Elements group button options. Header & Footer Elements Button Purpose Page Number Inserts the page number. Number of Pages Inserts the number of pages in the document. Current Time Inserts the current time. File Path Inserts the path to the document. File Name Inserts the file name. Sheet Name Inserts the name of the worksheet. Picture Enables you to insert a picture. Both the header and footer areas are divided into three sections: left, right, and center. When you choose a Header or Footer from the Header & Footer Elements group, where you place your information determines whether it appears on the left, right, or center of the printed page. You use the Go To Header and Go To Footer buttons on the Design tab to move between the header and footer areas of your worksheet. EXERCISE 3Insert Headers and Footers Choose the Insert tab. Click the Header & Footer button in the Text group. Your worksheet changes to Page Layout view and the Design context tab appears. Note that your cursor is located in the center section of the header area. Click the right side of the header area. Click Page Number in the Header & Footer Elements group. When you print your document, Excel will place the page number in the upper-right corner. Click the left side of the Header area. Type your name. When you print your document, Excel will place your name in the upper-left corner. Click the Go To Footer button. Excel moves to the footer area. Click the Footer button. A menu appears. Click the path to your document. Excel will place the path to your document at the bottom of every printed page. Return to Normal View To return to Normal view: Choose the View tab. Click the Normal button in the Workbook Views group. Set Print Options There are many print options. You set print options on the Page Layout tab. Among other things, you can set your margins, set your page orientation, and select your paper size. Margins define the amount of white space that appears on the top, bottom, left, and right edges of your document. The Margin option on the Page Layout tab provides several standard margin sizes from which you can choose. There are two page orientations: portrait and landscape. Paper, such as paper sized 8 1/2 by 11, is longer on one edge than it is on the other. If you print in Portrait, the shortest edge of the paper becomes the top of the page. Portrait is the default option. If you print in Landscape, the longest edge of the paper becomes the top of the page. Portrait Landscape Paper comes in a variety of sizes. Most business correspondence uses 8 1/2 by 11 paper, which is the default page size in Excel. If you are not using 8 1/2 by 11 paper, you can use the Size option on the Page Layout tab to change the Size setting. EXERCISE 4Set the Page Layout Choose the Page Layout tab. Click Margins in the Page Setup group. A menu appears. Click Wide. Word sets your margins to the Wide settings. Set the Page Orientation Choose the Page Layout tab. Click Orientation in the Page Setup group. A menu appears. Click Landscape. Excel sets your page orientation to landscape. Set the Paper Size Choose the Page Layout tab. Click Size in the Page Setup group. A menu appears. Click the paper size you are using. Excel sets your page size. Print The simplest way to print is to click the Office button, highlight Print on the menu that appears, and then click Quick Print in the Preview and Print the Document pane. Dotted lines appear on your screen, and your document prints. The dotted lines indicate the right, left, top, and bottom edges of your printed pages. You can also use the Print Preview option to print. When using Print Preview, you can see onscreen how your printed document will look when you print it. If you click the Page Setup button while in Print Preview mode, you can set page settings such as centering your data on the page. If your document is several pages long, you can use the Next Page and Previous Page buttons to move forward and backward through your document. If you check the Show Margins check box, you will see margin lines on your document. You can click and drag the margin markers to increase or decrease the size of your margins. To return to Excel, click the Close Print Preview button. You click the Print button when you are ready to print. The Print dialog box appears. You can choose to print the entire worksheet or specific pages. If you want to print specific pages, enter the page numbers in the From and To fields. You can enter the number of copies you want to print in the Number of Copies field. EXERCISE 5Open Print Preview Click the Office button. A menu appears. Highlight Print. The Preview and Print The Document pane appears. Click Print Preview. The Print Preview window appears, with your document in the center. Center Your Document Click the Page Setup button in the Print group. The Page Setup dialog box appears. Choose the Margins tab. Click the Horizontally check box. Excel centers your data horizontally. Click the Vertically check box. Excel centers your data vertically. Click OK. The Page Setup dialog box closes. Print Click the Print button. The Print dialog box appears. Click the down arrow next to the name field and select the printer to which you want to print. Click OK. Excel sends your worksheet to the printer. This is the end of Lesson 3. You can save and close your file. Previous Page Table of Contents Next Page
|
[
"Lesson 3: Creating Excel Functions, Filling Cells, and Printing By using functions, you can quickly and easily make many useful calculations, such as finding an average, the highest number, the lowest number, and a count of the number of items in a list.",
"Microsoft Excel has many functions that you can use.",
"Using Reference Operators To use functions, you need to understand reference operators.",
"Reference operators refer to a cell or a group of cells.",
"There are two types of reference operators: range and union.",
"A range reference refers to all the cells between and including the reference.",
"A range reference consists of two cell addresses separated by a colon.",
"The reference A1: A3 includes cells A1, A2, and A3.",
"The reference A1: C3 includes cells A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, and C3.",
"A union reference includes two or more references.",
"A union reference consists of two or more numbers, range references, or cell addresses separated by a comma.",
"The reference A7,B8: B10,C9,10 refers to cells A7, B8 to B10, C9 and the number 10.",
"Understanding Functions Functions are prewritten formulas.",
"Functions differ from regular formulas in that you supply the value but not the operators, such as +, -, *, or /.",
"For example, you can use the SUM function to add.",
"When using a function, remember the following: Use an equal sign to begin a formula.",
"Specify the function name.",
"Enclose arguments within parentheses.",
"Arguments are values on which you want to perform the calculation.",
"For example, arguments specify the numbers or cells you want to add.",
"Use a comma to separate arguments.",
"Here is an example of a function:=SUM (2,13,A1,B2: C7)In this function: The equal sign begins the function.",
"SUM is the name of the function.2, 13, A1, and B2: C7 are the arguments.",
"Parentheses enclose the arguments.",
"Commas separate the arguments.",
"After you type the first letter of a function name, the Auto Complete list appears.",
"You can double-click on an item in the Auto Complete list to complete your entry quickly.",
"Excel will complete the function name and enter the first parenthesis.",
"EXERCISE 1Function s The SUM function adds argument values.",
"Open Microsoft Excel.",
"Type 12 in cell B1.",
"Press Enter.",
"Type 27 in cell B2.",
"Press Enter.",
"Type 24 in cell B3.",
"Press Enter.",
"Type =SUM (B1: B3) in cell A4.",
"Press Enter.",
"The sum of cells B1 to B3, which is 63, appears.",
"Alternate Method: Enter a Function with the Ribbon Type 150 in cell C1.",
"Press Enter.",
"Type 85 in cell C2.",
"Press Enter.",
"Type 65 in cell C3.",
"Choose the Formulas tab.",
"Click the Insert Function button.",
"The Insert Function dialog box appears.",
"Choose Math & Trig in the Or Select A Category box.",
"Click Sum in the Select A Function box.",
"Click OK.",
"The Function Arguments dialog box appears.",
"Type C1: C3 in the Number1 field, if it does not automatically appear.",
"Click OK.",
"The sum of cells C1 to C3, which is 300, appears.",
"Format worksheet Move to cell A4.",
"Type the word Sum.",
"Select cells B4 to C4.",
"Choose the Home tab.",
"Click the down arrow next to the Borders button.",
"Click Top and Double Bottom Border.",
"As you learned in Lesson 2, you can also calculate a sum by using the Auto Sum button.",
"Calculate an Average You can use the AVERAGE function to calculate the average of a series of numbers.",
"Move to cell A6.",
"Type Average.",
"Press the right arrow key to move to cell B6.",
"Type =AVERAGE (B1: B3).",
"Press Enter.",
"The average of cells B1 to B3, which is 21, appears.",
"Calculate an Average with the Auto Sum Button In Microsoft Excel, you can use the Auto Sum button to calculate an average.",
"Move to cell C6.",
"Choose the Home tab.",
"Click the down arrow next to the Auto Sum button.",
"Click Average.",
"Select cells C1 to C3.",
"Press Enter.",
"The average of cells C1 to C3, which is 100, appears.",
"Find the Lowest Number You can use the MIN function to find the lowest number in a series of numbers.",
"Move to cell A7.",
"Type Min.",
"Press the right arrow key to move to cell B7.",
"Type = MIN (B1: B3).",
"Press Enter.",
"The lowest number in the series, which is 12, appears.",
"Note: You can also use the drop-down button next to the Auto Sum button to calculate minimums, maximums, and counts.",
"Find the Highest Number You can use the MAX function to find the highest number in a series of numbers.. Move to cell A8.",
"Type Max.",
"Press the right arrow key to move to cell B8.",
"Type = MAX (B1: B3).",
"Press Enter.",
"The highest number in the series, which is 27, appears.",
"Count the Numbers in a Series of Numbers You can use the count function to count the number of numbers in a series.",
"Move to cell A9.",
"Type Count.",
"Press the right arrow key to move to cell B9.",
"Choose the Home tab.",
"Click the down arrow next to the Auto Sum button.",
"Click Count Numbers.",
"Excel places the count function in cell C9 and takes a guess at which cells you want to count.",
"The guess is incorrect, so you must select the proper cells.",
"Select B1 to B3.",
"Press Enter.",
"The number of items in the series, which is 3, appears.",
"Fill Cells Automatically You can use Microsoft Excel to fill cells automatically with a series.",
"For example, you can have Excel automatically fill your worksheet with days of the week, months of the year, years, or other types of series.",
"EXERCISE 2Fill Cells Automatically The following demonstrates filling the days of the week: Click the Sheet2 tab.",
"Excel moves to Sheet2.",
"Move to cell A1.",
"Type Sun.",
"Move to cell B1.",
"Type Sunday.",
"Select cells A1 to B1.",
"Choose the Home tab.",
"Click the Bold button.",
"Excel bolds cells A1 to B1.",
"Find the small black square in the lower-right corner of the selected area.",
"The small black square is called the fill handle.",
"Grab the fill handle and drag with your mouse to fill cells A1 to B14.",
"Note how the days of the week fill the cells in a series.",
"Also, note that the Auto Fill Options button appears.",
"Copy Cells Click the Auto Fill Options button.",
"The Auto Fill Options menu appears.",
"Choose the Copy Cells radio button.",
"The entry in cells A1 and B1 are copied to all the highlighted cells.",
"Click the Auto Fill Options button again.",
"Choose the Fill Series radio button.",
"The cells fill as a series from Sunday to Saturday again.",
"Click the Auto Fill Options button again.",
"Choose the Fill Without Formatting radio button.",
"The cells fill as a series from Sunday to Saturday, but the entries are not bolded.",
"Click the Auto Fill Options button again.",
"Choose the Fill Weekdays radio button.",
"The cells fill as a series from Monday to Friday.",
"Adjust Column Width Some of the entries in column B are too long to fit in the column.",
"You can quickly adjust the column width to fit the longest entry.",
"Move your mouse pointer over the line that separates column B and C. The Width Indicator appears.",
"Double-click.",
"The Column adjusts to fit the longest entry.",
"After you complete the remainder of the exercise, your worksheet will look like the one shown here.",
"Fill Times The following demonstrates filling time: Type 1:00 into cell C1.",
"Grab the fill handle and drag with your mouse to highlight cells C1 to C14.",
"Note that each cell fills, using military time.",
"Press Esc and then click anywhere on the worksheet to remove the highlighting.",
"To change the format of the time: Select cells C1 to C14.",
"Choose the Home tab.",
"Click the down arrow next to the number format box.",
"A menu appears.",
"Click Time.",
"Excel changes the format of the time.",
"Fill Numbers You can also fill numbers.",
"Type a 1 in cell D1.",
"Grab the fill handle and drag with your mouse to highlight cells D1 to D14.",
"The number 1 fills each cell.",
"Click the Auto Fill Options button.",
"Choose the Fill Series radio button.",
"The cells fill as a series, starting with 1, 2, 3.",
"Here is another interesting fill feature.",
"Go to cell E1.",
"Type Lesson 1.",
"Grab the fill handle and drag with your mouse to highlight cells E1 to E14.",
"The cells fill in as a series: Lesson 1, Lesson 2, Lesson 3, and so on.",
"Create Headers and Footers You can use the Header & Footer button on the Insert tab to create headers and footers.",
"A header is text that appears at the top of every page of your printed worksheet.",
"A footer is text that appears at the bottom of every page of your printed worksheet.",
"When you click the Header & Footer button, the Design context tab appears and Excel changes to Page Layout view.",
"A context tab is a tab that only appears when you need it.",
"Page Layout view structures your worksheet so that you can easily change the format of your document.",
"You usually work in Normal view.",
"You can type in your header or footer or you can use predefined headers and footers.",
"To find predefined headers and footers, click the Header or Footer button or use the Header & Footer Elements group's buttons.",
"When you choose a header or footer by clicking the Header or Footer button, Excel centers your choice.",
"The table shown here describes each of the Header & Footer Elements group button options.",
"Header & Footer Elements Button Purpose Page Number Inserts the page number.",
"Number of Pages Inserts the number of pages in the document.",
"Current Time Inserts the current time.",
"File Path Inserts the path to the document.",
"File Name Inserts the file name.",
"Sheet Name Inserts the name of the worksheet.",
"Picture Enables you to insert a picture.",
"Both the header and footer areas are divided into three sections: left, right, and center.",
"When you choose a Header or Footer from the Header & Footer Elements group, where you place your information determines whether it appears on the left, right, or center of the printed page.",
"You use the Go To Header and Go To Footer buttons on the Design tab to move between the header and footer areas of your worksheet.",
"EXERCISE 3Insert Headers and Footers Choose the Insert tab.",
"Click the Header & Footer button in the Text group.",
"Your worksheet changes to Page Layout view and the Design context tab appears.",
"Note that your cursor is located in the center section of the header area.",
"Click the right side of the header area.",
"Click Page Number in the Header & Footer Elements group.",
"When you print your document, Excel will place the page number in the upper-right corner.",
"Click the left side of the Header area.",
"Type your name.",
"When you print your document, Excel will place your name in the upper-left corner.",
"Click the Go To Footer button.",
"Excel moves to the footer area.",
"Click the Footer button.",
"A menu appears.",
"Click the path to your document.",
"Excel will place the path to your document at the bottom of every printed page.",
"Return to Normal View To return to Normal view: Choose the View tab.",
"Click the Normal button in the Workbook Views group.",
"Set Print Options There are many print options.",
"You set print options on the Page Layout tab.",
"Among other things, you can set your margins, set your page orientation, and select your paper size.",
"Margins define the amount of white space that appears on the top, bottom, left, and right edges of your document.",
"The Margin option on the Page Layout tab provides several standard margin sizes from which you can choose.",
"There are two page orientations: portrait and landscape.",
"Paper, such as paper sized 8 1/2 by 11, is longer on one edge than it is on the other.",
"If you print in Portrait, the shortest edge of the paper becomes the top of the page.",
"Portrait is the default option.",
"If you print in Landscape, the longest edge of the paper becomes the top of the page.",
"Portrait Landscape Paper comes in a variety of sizes.",
"Most business correspondence uses 8 1/2 by 11 paper, which is the default page size in Excel.",
"If you are not using 8 1/2 by 11 paper, you can use the Size option on the Page Layout tab to change the Size setting.",
"EXERCISE 4Set the Page Layout Choose the Page Layout tab.",
"Click Margins in the Page Setup group.",
"A menu appears.",
"Click Wide.",
"Word sets your margins to the Wide settings.",
"Set the Page Orientation Choose the Page Layout tab.",
"Click Orientation in the Page Setup group.",
"A menu appears.",
"Click Landscape.",
"Excel sets your page orientation to landscape.",
"Set the Paper Size Choose the Page Layout tab.",
"Click Size in the Page Setup group.",
"A menu appears.",
"Click the paper size you are using.",
"Excel sets your page size.",
"Print The simplest way to print is to click the Office button, highlight Print on the menu that appears, and then click Quick Print in the Preview and Print the Document pane.",
"Dotted lines appear on your screen, and your document prints.",
"The dotted lines indicate the right, left, top, and bottom edges of your printed pages.",
"You can also use the Print Preview option to print.",
"When using Print Preview, you can see onscreen how your printed document will look when you print it.",
"If you click the Page Setup button while in Print Preview mode, you can set page settings such as centering your data on the page.",
"If your document is several pages long, you can use the Next Page and Previous Page buttons to move forward and backward through your document.",
"If you check the Show Margins check box, you will see margin lines on your document.",
"You can click and drag the margin markers to increase or decrease the size of your margins.",
"To return to Excel, click the Close Print Preview button.",
"You click the Print button when you are ready to print.",
"The Print dialog box appears.",
"You can choose to print the entire worksheet or specific pages.",
"If you want to print specific pages, enter the page numbers in the From and To fields.",
"You can enter the number of copies you want to print in the Number of Copies field.",
"EXERCISE 5Open Print Preview Click the Office button.",
"A menu appears.",
"Highlight Print.",
"The Preview and Print The Document pane appears.",
"Click Print Preview.",
"The Print Preview window appears, with your document in the center.",
"Center Your Document Click the Page Setup button in the Print group.",
"The Page Setup dialog box appears.",
"Choose the Margins tab.",
"Click the Horizontally check box.",
"Excel centers your data horizontally.",
"Click the Vertically check box.",
"Excel centers your data vertically.",
"Click OK.",
"The Page Setup dialog box closes.",
"Print Click the Print button.",
"The Print dialog box appears.",
"Click the down arrow next to the name field and select the printer to which you want to print.",
"Click OK. Excel sends your worksheet to the printer.",
"This is the end of Lesson 3.",
"You can save and close your file.",
"Previous Page Table of Contents Next Page"
] |
D2848886
|
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=1006050116709
|
How old Abraham Lincoln would be today ??!!!?
|
Yahoo Products Yahoo Profiles How old Abraham Lincoln would be today ??!!! ?maybe yes maybe no katkoot iam Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: 197 years old. He was born in 1809. Source (s):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln Anonymous · 1 decade ago2 2 Comment Asker's rating197Source (s):wiki Dude · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment He was born Feb 12/1809, so today he would be a robust 197 years old. BLULINR · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Well the way he looked when he was living, he would probaly be around 800 years old. The King · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment145 yrs oldsproe98 · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Not old enoughmissy_angel1687 · 1 decade ago0 0 Commentolder then dirttrlape · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment
|
[
"Yahoo Products Yahoo Profiles How old Abraham Lincoln would be today ?",
"?!!!",
"?maybe yes maybe no katkoot iam Follow 7 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: 197 years old.",
"He was born in 1809.",
"Source (s):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln Anonymous · 1 decade ago2 2 Comment Asker's rating197Source (s):wiki Dude · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment He was born Feb 12/1809, so today he would be a robust 197 years old.",
"BLULINR · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Well the way he looked when he was living, he would probaly be around 800 years old.",
"The King · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment145 yrs oldsproe98 · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Not old enoughmissy_angel1687 · 1 decade ago0 0 Commentolder then dirttrlape · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment"
] |
D154456
|
http://heart-disease.emedtv.com/procardia/procardia-uses.html
|
Procardia Uses
|
Heart Disease Channel Topics Angina Angioplasty Atherectomy Atherosclerosis Beating Heart Bypass Surgery Cardiac Catheterization Cardiac Rehabilitation Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular System Coronary Artery Disease CRP Test Healthy Heart Heart Attack Heart Disease INRMyocardial Ischemia Open Heart Surgery Prinzmetal's Angina Stable Angina Stent Unstable Angina Variant Angina Medications Amiodarone Premixed Injection Amlodipine Betapace Brilinta Cardene Cardizem Cartia XTCentrum Cardio Choline Fenofibrate Clopidogrel Co Q10Coreg CRCoumadin Covera-HSDabigatran DHADiltiazem Dofetilide Effient Felodipine Fenofibric Acid Fenoglide Fish Oil Flaxseed Oil Flecainide Garlic Icosapent Ethyl Metoprolol Mexiletine Minitran Nadolol Nicardipine SRNifedical XLNitro-Bid Nitro-Dur Nitroglycerin Spray Nitrolingual Nitrostat Omega-3Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters Pitavastatin Plant Sterols Prinivil Procardia Propafenone Propranolol Ramipril Ranexa Rythmol SRTenormin Tiazac Trandolapril Verapamil Vitamin CAdvertisement Quicklinks Heart Disease Heart Attack Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular Disease Angina Atherosclerosis Heart Attack Symptoms Fish Oil Angioplasty Open Heart Surgery Metoprolol Flaxseed Oil Omega-3Garlic Co Q10Vitamin CCoumadin Related Channels Blood Pressure Cholesterol Congestive Heart Failure Diabetes Erectile Dysfunction Heart Advertisement Tweet Heart Disease Home > Procardia Uses Procardia Uses Procardia is used for treating certain types of chest pain, including stable angina and variant angina. As a type of calcium channel blocker, Procardia works by relaxing the blood vessels, allowing better blood flow and making it easier for the heart to pump blood. Procardia has not been approved for children. Some off-label Procardia uses include treating preterm labor, the hiccups, and migraine headaches. Your Guide to Healthy Living With Diabetes Get tips, read articles, and learn about healthy living with diabetes, in-depth, from e Med TV's experts. Click here to learn more >Procardia Uses: An Overview Procardia ® ( nifedipine) is a prescription medication used to treat certain types of chest pain. Procardia for Angina Chest pain is known medically as angina. There are several types of angina, including: Stable angina (exertional angina or exercise-induced angina)Unstable angina Variant angina ( Prinzmetal's angina ). Stable angina is the most common type of angina and occurs when the heart is working harder than usual. This type of angina pain comes at predicable times (such as during exercise) and usually goes away within a few minutes after you rest or take your angina medicine. Stable angina is usually caused by coronary artery disease. The coronary arteries are blood vessels that carry blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. When these arteries become clogged with fatty deposits called plaque, it's called coronary artery disease, coronary heart disease, or just heart disease. Clogged arteries can keep the heart from getting enough blood and oxygen, and can cause chest pain. Unstable angina is a dangerous condition that requires emergency treatment, as it is a sign that a heart attack could occur soon. Unlike stable angina, it does not follow a pattern. It can occur without physical exertion and is not relieved by rest or medicine. Variant angina (also known as vasospastic angina) is rare. It usually occurs when the person is resting and is caused by spasms in the arteries of the heart. It may be associated with coronary artery disease, but it can also occur in people with otherwise healthy hearts. Variant angina can increase your risk of a heart attack or an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia). Procardia is approved to treat stable angina and variant angina. It helps the blood vessels to relax, which relieves pain and lessens the workload on the heart. Procardia Uses Article Continues on Next Page >1 2 Next >>Advertisement Life After a Stent: 5 Realistic Ways to Take Charge of Your Health Procardia Drug Information Procardia Side Effects of Procardia Procardia and Depression Procardia and Erectile Dysfunction Procardia Uses Procardia Dosage Procardia Drug Interactions Procardia Warnings and Precautions Procardia Overdose Procardia and Pregnancy Procardia and Breastfeeding Generic Procardia Can Type 2 Diabetes Be Controlled With Diet and Exercise Alone? If My Parents Have Type 2 Diabetes, Will I Get It? How Do I Get Blood to Test My Glucose? Is Drinking Alcohol Okay With Diabetes? Should I Quit Smoking If I Have Diabetes? Are There Foods for Type 2 Diabetes? Do Birth Control Pills Affect Blood Glucose? Will Green Coffee Bean Extract Interact With My Diabetes Medication? If I Have Type 2 Diabetes, Can I Still Eat Candy? Do Sugary Foods Cause Type 2 Diabetes? If I Have Diabetes, Can I Take Epsom Salt Baths? Last updated/reviewed: January 13, 2017List of references (click here)Written by/reviewed by: Kristi Monson, Pharm D; Arthur Schoenstadt, MDLast reviewed by: Kristi Monson, Pharm DProcardia Drug Information Procardia Side Effects of Procardia Procardia and Depression Procardia and Erectile Dysfunction Procardia Uses Procardia Dosage Procardia Drug Interactions Procardia Warnings and Precautions Procardia Overdose Procardia and Pregnancy Procardia and Breastfeeding Generic Procardia Advertisement
|
[
"Heart Disease Channel Topics Angina Angioplasty Atherectomy Atherosclerosis Beating Heart Bypass Surgery Cardiac Catheterization Cardiac Rehabilitation Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular System Coronary Artery Disease CRP Test Healthy Heart Heart Attack Heart Disease INRMyocardial Ischemia Open Heart Surgery Prinzmetal's Angina Stable Angina Stent Unstable Angina Variant Angina Medications Amiodarone Premixed Injection Amlodipine Betapace Brilinta Cardene Cardizem Cartia XTCentrum Cardio Choline Fenofibrate Clopidogrel Co Q10Coreg CRCoumadin Covera-HSDabigatran DHADiltiazem Dofetilide Effient Felodipine Fenofibric Acid Fenoglide Fish Oil Flaxseed Oil Flecainide Garlic Icosapent Ethyl Metoprolol Mexiletine Minitran Nadolol Nicardipine SRNifedical XLNitro-Bid Nitro-Dur Nitroglycerin Spray Nitrolingual Nitrostat Omega-3Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters Pitavastatin Plant Sterols Prinivil Procardia Propafenone Propranolol Ramipril Ranexa Rythmol SRTenormin Tiazac Trandolapril Verapamil Vitamin CAdvertisement Quicklinks Heart Disease Heart Attack Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular Disease Angina Atherosclerosis Heart Attack Symptoms Fish Oil Angioplasty Open Heart Surgery Metoprolol Flaxseed Oil Omega-3Garlic Co Q10Vitamin CCoumadin Related Channels Blood Pressure Cholesterol Congestive Heart Failure Diabetes Erectile Dysfunction Heart Advertisement Tweet Heart Disease Home > Procardia Uses Procardia Uses Procardia is used for treating certain types of chest pain, including stable angina and variant angina.",
"As a type of calcium channel blocker, Procardia works by relaxing the blood vessels, allowing better blood flow and making it easier for the heart to pump blood.",
"Procardia has not been approved for children.",
"Some off-label Procardia uses include treating preterm labor, the hiccups, and migraine headaches.",
"Your Guide to Healthy Living With Diabetes Get tips, read articles, and learn about healthy living with diabetes, in-depth, from e Med TV's experts.",
"Click here to learn more >Procardia Uses: An Overview Procardia ® ( nifedipine) is a prescription medication used to treat certain types of chest pain.",
"Procardia for Angina Chest pain is known medically as angina.",
"There are several types of angina, including: Stable angina (exertional angina or exercise-induced angina)Unstable angina Variant angina ( Prinzmetal's angina ).",
"Stable angina is the most common type of angina and occurs when the heart is working harder than usual.",
"This type of angina pain comes at predicable times (such as during exercise) and usually goes away within a few minutes after you rest or take your angina medicine.",
"Stable angina is usually caused by coronary artery disease.",
"The coronary arteries are blood vessels that carry blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.",
"When these arteries become clogged with fatty deposits called plaque, it's called coronary artery disease, coronary heart disease, or just heart disease.",
"Clogged arteries can keep the heart from getting enough blood and oxygen, and can cause chest pain.",
"Unstable angina is a dangerous condition that requires emergency treatment, as it is a sign that a heart attack could occur soon.",
"Unlike stable angina, it does not follow a pattern.",
"It can occur without physical exertion and is not relieved by rest or medicine.",
"Variant angina (also known as vasospastic angina) is rare.",
"It usually occurs when the person is resting and is caused by spasms in the arteries of the heart.",
"It may be associated with coronary artery disease, but it can also occur in people with otherwise healthy hearts.",
"Variant angina can increase your risk of a heart attack or an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia).",
"Procardia is approved to treat stable angina and variant angina.",
"It helps the blood vessels to relax, which relieves pain and lessens the workload on the heart.",
"Procardia Uses Article Continues on Next Page >1 2 Next >>Advertisement Life After a Stent: 5 Realistic Ways to Take Charge of Your Health Procardia Drug Information Procardia Side Effects of Procardia Procardia and Depression Procardia and Erectile Dysfunction Procardia Uses Procardia Dosage Procardia Drug Interactions Procardia Warnings and Precautions Procardia Overdose Procardia and Pregnancy Procardia and Breastfeeding Generic Procardia Can Type 2 Diabetes Be Controlled With Diet and Exercise Alone?",
"If My Parents Have Type 2 Diabetes, Will I Get It?",
"How Do I Get Blood to Test My Glucose?",
"Is Drinking Alcohol Okay With Diabetes?",
"Should I Quit Smoking If I Have Diabetes?",
"Are There Foods for Type 2 Diabetes?",
"Do Birth Control Pills Affect Blood Glucose?",
"Will Green Coffee Bean Extract Interact With My Diabetes Medication?",
"If I Have Type 2 Diabetes, Can I Still Eat Candy?",
"Do Sugary Foods Cause Type 2 Diabetes?",
"If I Have Diabetes, Can I Take Epsom Salt Baths?",
"Last updated/reviewed: January 13, 2017List of references (click here)Written by/reviewed by: Kristi Monson, Pharm D; Arthur Schoenstadt, MDLast reviewed by: Kristi Monson, Pharm DProcardia Drug Information Procardia Side Effects of Procardia Procardia and Depression Procardia and Erectile Dysfunction Procardia Uses Procardia Dosage Procardia Drug Interactions Procardia Warnings and Precautions Procardia Overdose Procardia and Pregnancy Procardia and Breastfeeding Generic Procardia Advertisement"
] |
D2842523
|
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061205202932AAZctFd
|
Who sings Can I have this dance for the rest of my life.Its a country singer?
|
"Entertainment & Music Music Who sings Can I have this dance for the rest of my life. Its a country singer? I thought it was george strait but can't find an album with that song on it. I know it is a country singer thanks Follow 15 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Anne Murray Hey_its_me · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Anne Murray Rob · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Anne Murray ""Could I Have This Dance"" 1980 Pop #33, Country #1, AC #3Source (s):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Murray#Singles_on_US_Billboard_and_UK_chartscabanks77 · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment Anne Murray James · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Ok if you first thouht it was George Strait then chances are the version your lookin for is not by Anne Murray. But anyways I know George don't sing it... but if I was you I would google it!Anonymous · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Anne Murray. The song is also featured on the soundtrack to ""Urban Cowboy""Blonde Ambition · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Artist: Anne Murray Lyrics Song: Could I Have This Dance Lyrics I'll always remember the song they were playin', The first time we danced and I knew, As we swayed to the music and held to each other, I fell in love with you. Could I have this dance for the rest of my life? Would you be my partner every night? When we're together, it feels so right. Could I have this dance for the rest of my life? I'll always remember that magic moment, When I held you close to me. 'Cause we moved together, I knew forever, You're all I'll ever need Could I have this dance for the rest of my life? Would you be my partner every night? When we're together, it feels so right. Could I have this dance for the rest of my life? Repeat Chorus Candi-O · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Anne Murray sings it, but I think I've heard a newer version.debi · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment It is Anne Murray Boos Grammy · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment It was Anne Murry. Go to amazon.com and search in music and look for the artist. You will probably find it there. You may also find sample music there that plays some of the song. You can probably get it used cheap or you may find it new.lita ozzy bear · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment1 2 next Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these? VPN options for your computer Get an MBA while working Want royalty free music? Time for a Caribbean cruise? "
|
[
"\"Entertainment & Music Music Who sings Can I have this dance for the rest of my life.",
"Its a country singer?",
"I thought it was george strait but can't find an album with that song on it.",
"I know it is a country singer thanks Follow 15 answers Answers Relevance Rating Newest Oldest Best Answer: Anne Murray Hey_its_me · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Anne Murray Rob · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Anne Murray \"\"Could I Have This Dance\"\" 1980 Pop #33, Country #1, AC #3Source (s):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Murray#Singles_on_US_Billboard_and_UK_chartscabanks77 · 1 decade ago1 0 Comment Anne Murray James · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Ok if you first thouht it was George Strait then chances are the version your lookin for is not by Anne Murray.",
"But anyways I know George don't sing it... but if I was you I would google it!Anonymous · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Anne Murray.",
"The song is also featured on the soundtrack to \"\"Urban Cowboy\"\"Blonde Ambition · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Artist: Anne Murray Lyrics Song: Could I Have This Dance Lyrics I'll always remember the song they were playin', The first time we danced and I knew, As we swayed to the music and held to each other, I fell in love with you.",
"Could I have this dance for the rest of my life?",
"Would you be my partner every night?",
"When we're together, it feels so right.",
"Could I have this dance for the rest of my life?",
"I'll always remember that magic moment, When I held you close to me.",
"'Cause we moved together, I knew forever, You're all I'll ever need Could I have this dance for the rest of my life?",
"Would you be my partner every night?",
"When we're together, it feels so right.",
"Could I have this dance for the rest of my life?",
"Repeat Chorus Candi-O · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment Anne Murray sings it, but I think I've heard a newer version.debi · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment It is Anne Murray Boos Grammy · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment It was Anne Murry.",
"Go to amazon.com and search in music and look for the artist.",
"You will probably find it there.",
"You may also find sample music there that plays some of the song.",
"You can probably get it used cheap or you may find it new.lita ozzy bear · 1 decade ago0 0 Comment1 2 next Maybe you would like to learn more about one of these?",
"VPN options for your computer Get an MBA while working Want royalty free music?",
"Time for a Caribbean cruise? \""
] |
D2529124
|
https://www.linkedin.com/in/momentaworkshops
|
Momenta Workshops
|
"Momenta Workshops Documentary Photography & Multimedia Workshops Washington D. C. Metro Area Photography Current Momenta Workshops Education Syracuse University Recommendations 19 people have recommended Momenta Workshops Websites Company Website500+ connections View Momenta Workshops’ full profile. It's free!Your colleagues, classmates, and 500 million other professionals are on Linked In. View Momenta’s Full Profile Momenta Workshops’ Posts & Activity See all 11 posts10 Years of Momenta: By the... March 30, 2018In2008, three passionate media professionals who were all working for top-tier photography companies saw the need for a change in the way socially relevant stories were told to the public. With the... Marianne Barthelemy: Project... March 21, 2018Meet the Winner of Moments West Award! Article by Emanuel Echeverri, Momenta Workshops Five years ago, Patrick Westand Momenta created the West Award, a full workshop scholarship for university... Scholarships open for... March 19, 2018Momenta Project Workshop Scholarships Are Now Open. Momenta offers the following awards open to anypassionate photographer on every Project Series: Working with Nonprofits workshop (unless otherwise... See all activity Momenta Workshops liked this I highly recommend Momenta Workshops. If you're interested,... Momenta Project Workshop Scholarships Are Now Open. Momenta offers the following awards open to any... Momenta Workshops liked this Scholarships open for nonprofit photo workshops in... Momenta Project Workshop Scholarships Are Now Open. Momenta offers the following awards open to any... Momenta Workshops liked this VII Photo Agency's Mentor Program is accepting applications... The VII Mentor Program is the first mentor program of its kind and has developed some of the... Momenta Workshops liked this Homework Momenta Workshops liked this Thick Skin and Eyes Shut This image is a fitting analogy... See more Summary Momenta Workshops is just one branch of a larger media organization, Momenta Group, LLC. Founded by media consultant John Christopher Anderson, photojournalist Jamie Rose, and documentarian Seth Butler, Momenta strives to elevate and support the community of visual journalists and artists around the world. At Momenta, we create relationships between like-minded individuals and organizations for the common good of our craft and society as a whole. Our innovation and outreach within the field helps the institutions and individuals we work with to profit and succeed into the next generation of media. The company began with our education component, the workshops. Today, Momenta Group houses a graphic and web design department, marketing and publishing branches, international exhibits and we are currently developing a nonprofit media studies institute. Our workshops specialize in helping not only beginning storytellers but also professionals on an upward trajectory. We aim to keep connecting journalists and media experts from around the world to create a network with common interests. In a sense, we fill the void current media institutions cannot by getting photographers out into the field to hone their skills, perfect their craft and carry on the mission of journalistic integrity. At the same time, we are building a new media marketplace that will continue to pay dividends to the communications community for some time to come. We see photography as a communicator of ideas and emotions across a wide human audience. We seek to promulgate visual journalism and the arts as a mechanism of social change and a profitable venture into the future. It is the principles we were founded on and the belief that brings our students back over and over again. We invite you to learn more about us, our instructors and our workshops on these pages and, hopefully, we'll see you on our next adventure!Experience Phototography & Video Workshops Momenta Workshops July 2007 – Present (10 years 10 months)Education Syracuse University M. S., Photojournalism2000 – 2002Founder John Christopher Anderson and Director Jamie Rose both attended Syracuse University's S. I. Newhouse School of Communication. We are huge supporters of David Sutherland, Bruce Strong and the photojournalism school. We can't say enough about our experience there and encourage any aspiring documentarians to ask us about their programs. Momenta Workshops Photography & Multimedia Skills Profoto Photojournalism Portraits Photography Portrait Photography Photos Editing New Media Photo Mechanic Headshots Journalism Digital Photography Commercial Photography Travel Photography Web Design See 18+How's this translation? Great • Has errors Recommendations A preview of what Linked In members have to say about Momenta: As a beginner in Photography i really needed to learn more and i decided to take a Workshop with Momenta and i went with Momenta to India in Feb. 2011 and did the Workshop ""Working with Non Profits"" The reason i took this Workshop is that ,even i have traveled over 40 countries, i have no experience at all in ""working with a Non Profit' but it has always been on my list 'of things to do'. I felt that in this time of my journey in photography i needed to push my boundaries as well i wanted to be criticized by a real professional photographer. What i really liked is the questionnaire Momenta gives you before you sign up for a Workshop, it really makes you think, about myself as a beginner, about what you want to achieve, and why you want to do that particular Workshop and with what kind of Non Profit you like to work and what you like to learn as a photographer and what you like to achieve in this Workshop. To me this was critical and i needed to describe clearly what i thought i needed. Well i tell ye "" i got it all""! I've learned so much and i worked so hard and i got pushed harder an the result is that i feel much more confident, about my work, about myself as a photographer, to me it's been a great journey and i still treasure this experience in full. I've made great friends and what i also liked is, everybody other photographer who came on this Workshop was fully motivated and everybody worked so hard. I'm thinking of taking a Travel Workshop with Momenta as well (if i find the time) but I can recommend Momenta 100% and Jamie Rose is doing a wonderful job. Thanks Momenta you have TRULY enriched my life. Ingetje Tadros at www.ingetjetadros.com See more Working with photographers in my capacity as a Momenta Workshops instructor has been truly satisfying and invigorating. Helping them grow as storytellers, pairing their commitment, craft and vision with worthy non-profits who need useful communications, good times for all involved... win/win/win. See more Sign up to see who recommended Momenta Groups Offers and Outings Adobe Photoshop Group Wedding and Event Photojournalism Newhouse Alumni Network Momenta Workshops Social Documentary.net Slideluck See 6 more View Momenta Workshops’ full profile to... See who you know in common Get introduced Contact Momenta Workshops directly View Momenta’s Full Profile "
|
[
"\"Momenta Workshops Documentary Photography & Multimedia Workshops Washington D. C. Metro Area Photography Current Momenta Workshops Education Syracuse University Recommendations 19 people have recommended Momenta Workshops Websites Company Website500+ connections View Momenta Workshops’ full profile.",
"It's free!Your colleagues, classmates, and 500 million other professionals are on Linked In.",
"View Momenta’s Full Profile Momenta Workshops’ Posts & Activity See all 11 posts10 Years of Momenta: By the... March 30, 2018In2008, three passionate media professionals who were all working for top-tier photography companies saw the need for a change in the way socially relevant stories were told to the public.",
"With the... Marianne Barthelemy: Project... March 21, 2018Meet the Winner of Moments West Award!",
"Article by Emanuel Echeverri, Momenta Workshops Five years ago, Patrick Westand Momenta created the West Award, a full workshop scholarship for university...",
"Scholarships open for... March 19, 2018Momenta Project Workshop Scholarships Are Now Open.",
"Momenta offers the following awards open to anypassionate photographer on every Project Series: Working with Nonprofits workshop (unless otherwise... See all activity Momenta Workshops liked this I highly recommend Momenta Workshops.",
"If you're interested,... Momenta Project Workshop Scholarships Are Now Open.",
"Momenta offers the following awards open to any... Momenta Workshops liked this Scholarships open for nonprofit photo workshops in... Momenta Project Workshop Scholarships Are Now Open.",
"Momenta offers the following awards open to any... Momenta Workshops liked this VII Photo Agency's Mentor Program is accepting applications...",
"The VII Mentor Program is the first mentor program of its kind and has developed some of the... Momenta Workshops liked this Homework Momenta Workshops liked this Thick Skin and Eyes Shut This image is a fitting analogy... See more Summary Momenta Workshops is just one branch of a larger media organization, Momenta Group, LLC.",
"Founded by media consultant John Christopher Anderson, photojournalist Jamie Rose, and documentarian Seth Butler, Momenta strives to elevate and support the community of visual journalists and artists around the world.",
"At Momenta, we create relationships between like-minded individuals and organizations for the common good of our craft and society as a whole.",
"Our innovation and outreach within the field helps the institutions and individuals we work with to profit and succeed into the next generation of media.",
"The company began with our education component, the workshops.",
"Today, Momenta Group houses a graphic and web design department, marketing and publishing branches, international exhibits and we are currently developing a nonprofit media studies institute.",
"Our workshops specialize in helping not only beginning storytellers but also professionals on an upward trajectory.",
"We aim to keep connecting journalists and media experts from around the world to create a network with common interests.",
"In a sense, we fill the void current media institutions cannot by getting photographers out into the field to hone their skills, perfect their craft and carry on the mission of journalistic integrity.",
"At the same time, we are building a new media marketplace that will continue to pay dividends to the communications community for some time to come.",
"We see photography as a communicator of ideas and emotions across a wide human audience.",
"We seek to promulgate visual journalism and the arts as a mechanism of social change and a profitable venture into the future.",
"It is the principles we were founded on and the belief that brings our students back over and over again.",
"We invite you to learn more about us, our instructors and our workshops on these pages and, hopefully, we'll see you on our next adventure!Experience Phototography & Video Workshops Momenta Workshops July 2007 – Present (10 years 10 months)Education Syracuse University M. S., Photojournalism2000 – 2002Founder John Christopher Anderson and Director Jamie Rose both attended Syracuse University's S. I. Newhouse School of Communication.",
"We are huge supporters of David Sutherland, Bruce Strong and the photojournalism school.",
"We can't say enough about our experience there and encourage any aspiring documentarians to ask us about their programs.",
"Momenta Workshops Photography & Multimedia Skills Profoto Photojournalism Portraits Photography Portrait Photography Photos Editing New Media Photo Mechanic Headshots Journalism Digital Photography Commercial Photography Travel Photography Web Design See 18+How's this translation?",
"Great • Has errors Recommendations A preview of what Linked In members have to say about Momenta: As a beginner in Photography i really needed to learn more and i decided to take a Workshop with Momenta and i went with Momenta to India in Feb. 2011 and did the Workshop \"\"Working with Non Profits\"\" The reason i took this Workshop is that ,even i have traveled over 40 countries, i have no experience at all in \"\"working with a Non Profit' but it has always been on my list 'of things to do'.",
"I felt that in this time of my journey in photography i needed to push my boundaries as well i wanted to be criticized by a real professional photographer.",
"What i really liked is the questionnaire Momenta gives you before you sign up for a Workshop, it really makes you think, about myself as a beginner, about what you want to achieve, and why you want to do that particular Workshop and with what kind of Non Profit you like to work and what you like to learn as a photographer and what you like to achieve in this Workshop.",
"To me this was critical and i needed to describe clearly what i thought i needed.",
"Well i tell ye \"\" i got it all\"\"!",
"I've learned so much and i worked so hard and i got pushed harder an the result is that i feel much more confident, about my work, about myself as a photographer, to me it's been a great journey and i still treasure this experience in full.",
"I've made great friends and what i also liked is, everybody other photographer who came on this Workshop was fully motivated and everybody worked so hard.",
"I'm thinking of taking a Travel Workshop with Momenta as well (if i find the time) but I can recommend Momenta 100% and Jamie Rose is doing a wonderful job.",
"Thanks Momenta you have TRULY enriched my life.",
"Ingetje Tadros at www.ingetjetadros.com See more Working with photographers in my capacity as a Momenta Workshops instructor has been truly satisfying and invigorating.",
"Helping them grow as storytellers, pairing their commitment, craft and vision with worthy non-profits who need useful communications, good times for all involved... win/win/win.",
"See more Sign up to see who recommended Momenta Groups Offers and Outings Adobe Photoshop Group Wedding and Event Photojournalism Newhouse Alumni Network Momenta Workshops Social Documentary.net Slideluck See 6 more View Momenta Workshops’ full profile to... See who you know in common Get introduced Contact Momenta Workshops directly View Momenta’s Full Profile \""
] |
D2891248
|
http://www.justgorussia.co.uk/en/gobi_desert.html
|
Gobi desert
|
One of the most exotic and mysterious places in the world Gobi desert has always attracted adventures and explorers. The Gobi is most notable in history as part of the great Mongol Empire, and as the location of several important cities along the Silk Road. Contrary to the popular belief, Gobi is not a desert in usual sense; it is a sandy area completely devoid of vegetation. Mongols talk about many gobis, in fact they have 33 gobis according to soil composition and colour. The Gobi is a large desert region in Asia covering parts of northern and northwestern China, and of southern Mongolia. The Gobi measures over 1,610 km (1,000 mi) from southwest to northeast and 800 km (497 mi) from north to south. It occupies an arc of land 1,295,000 km2 (500,002 sq mi) in area, making it fifth largest in the world and Asia's largest. The Mongolian Gobi, a vast zone of desert and semi-desert occupies almost 30% of country's territory. The Gobi is often imagined to be place of unbearable heat and lifeless sand dunes, similar to the inhospitable and uninhabitable Sahara desert. However in reality is quite the opposite. The Great Mongolian Gobi has high mountains, forests, sands, and steppe. One of the harshest environments of earth, with extreme temperature and seasonal changes, Gobi is surprisingly full of wildlife such as gazelle, wild ass, wild camel, endangered Gobi bear and others. HIGHLIGHTS OF GOBI DESERTGobi Gurvansaikhan National Park Hongor Els sand dunes Yol Valley Terhiin Tsagaan Nuur Lake and Horgo Mountain Bayanzag Khovsgol National Park Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park. This National Park is located in southern Mongolia on the northern edge of the Gobi desert and with almost 27,000 square kilometres is the largest national park in Mongolia. The park is home to some rare species including the elusive snow leopard and the Gobi Camel The park is named for the Gurvan Saikhan Mountains, which translates as Three Beauties. The name is derived from three subranges, the East, Middle and West Beauty. Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park is famous for the Hongor Els - the Singing Sands and Yolyn Am, a mountain valley that contains a large ice field through most of the year. Hongor Els sand dunes. The Singing Sands stretch for 180km and are 15 – 20metres wide and high. The sound produced from masses of sand can be heard from far away hence the name. Yol Valley. The Yol Valley, a protected site since 1965, is 62 kilometres north-west of Dalanzadgad and has an area of 70 square km. It is a deep and narrow gorge in the Gurvan Saikhan Mountains of southern Mongolia. The valley is named after the Lammergeier, which is called Yol in Mongolian. The name is often translated to Valley of the Vultures or Valley of the Eagles. Very wide at the entrance, it narrows gradually into a remarkable gorge. At its narrowest part only two people can pass at the same time. Following the canyon to the very end, it will lead into a beautiful wide valley. Terhiin Tsagaan Nuur Lake and Horgo Mountain. Tsagaan Nuur is a small astonishingly beatiful lake is located at the elevation of 2173metres. Horgo Mountain is a dormant volcano on the east shore of the lake and is the highest volcano crater in the Orkhon River valley. The summit offer beautiful views of the area and lake. Tsagaan Nuur Lake was formed when lava dammed the Summan River creating a large gorge. Bayanzag. Bayazang or the Flaming Cliffs site is a region of the Gobi Desert in the Ömnögovi Province of Mongolia, in which important fossil finds have been made, including the most famous - the first discovery of dinosaur eggs as well as complete dinosaur skeletons. It was named by American palaeontologist Roy Chapman Andrews, who visited site in the 1920s. He also discovered petrified forests, remain of mammals, in particular a skeleton of hornless rhinoceros. The rock gives off a glowing orange colour, hence the nickname. Khovsgol National Park. The park is a gem in Mongolia’s park system. It was created in 1992 to protect lake’s ecology which has been jeopardised by miners, loggers and traders. The region is well-known for its natural beauty, and Lake Khövsgöl is one of the country's major tourist attractions. Khövsgöl Nuur is located in the northwest of Mongolia near the border to Russia, at the foot of the eastern Sayan Mountains. It is 1,645 m above sea level, 136 km long and 262 m deep. It is the second largest lake in Mongolia as well as deepest. It holds almost 70% of Mongolia's fresh water and 1% of all the fresh water in the world. It is often called “Blue Pearl of Mongolia” because of its crystal clear water.it is one of the most spectacular places in Mongolia with mountain peaks, lush lakeside meadows, taiga and forest steppe. Yaks and horses graze in the alpine meadows, geese and stark make their home here, bear and moose roam in the mountains. Ethnic groups such as Buryat, Darkhat and Tsaatan live in the area creating cultural diversity in the region.
|
[
"One of the most exotic and mysterious places in the world Gobi desert has always attracted adventures and explorers.",
"The Gobi is most notable in history as part of the great Mongol Empire, and as the location of several important cities along the Silk Road.",
"Contrary to the popular belief, Gobi is not a desert in usual sense; it is a sandy area completely devoid of vegetation.",
"Mongols talk about many gobis, in fact they have 33 gobis according to soil composition and colour.",
"The Gobi is a large desert region in Asia covering parts of northern and northwestern China, and of southern Mongolia.",
"The Gobi measures over 1,610 km (1,000 mi) from southwest to northeast and 800 km (497 mi) from north to south.",
"It occupies an arc of land 1,295,000 km2 (500,002 sq mi) in area, making it fifth largest in the world and Asia's largest.",
"The Mongolian Gobi, a vast zone of desert and semi-desert occupies almost 30% of country's territory.",
"The Gobi is often imagined to be place of unbearable heat and lifeless sand dunes, similar to the inhospitable and uninhabitable Sahara desert.",
"However in reality is quite the opposite.",
"The Great Mongolian Gobi has high mountains, forests, sands, and steppe.",
"One of the harshest environments of earth, with extreme temperature and seasonal changes, Gobi is surprisingly full of wildlife such as gazelle, wild ass, wild camel, endangered Gobi bear and others.",
"HIGHLIGHTS OF GOBI DESERTGobi Gurvansaikhan National Park Hongor Els sand dunes Yol Valley Terhiin Tsagaan Nuur Lake and Horgo Mountain Bayanzag Khovsgol National Park Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park.",
"This National Park is located in southern Mongolia on the northern edge of the Gobi desert and with almost 27,000 square kilometres is the largest national park in Mongolia.",
"The park is home to some rare species including the elusive snow leopard and the Gobi Camel The park is named for the Gurvan Saikhan Mountains, which translates as Three Beauties.",
"The name is derived from three subranges, the East, Middle and West Beauty.",
"Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park is famous for the Hongor Els - the Singing Sands and Yolyn Am, a mountain valley that contains a large ice field through most of the year.",
"Hongor Els sand dunes.",
"The Singing Sands stretch for 180km and are 15 – 20metres wide and high.",
"The sound produced from masses of sand can be heard from far away hence the name.",
"Yol Valley.",
"The Yol Valley, a protected site since 1965, is 62 kilometres north-west of Dalanzadgad and has an area of 70 square km.",
"It is a deep and narrow gorge in the Gurvan Saikhan Mountains of southern Mongolia.",
"The valley is named after the Lammergeier, which is called Yol in Mongolian.",
"The name is often translated to Valley of the Vultures or Valley of the Eagles.",
"Very wide at the entrance, it narrows gradually into a remarkable gorge.",
"At its narrowest part only two people can pass at the same time.",
"Following the canyon to the very end, it will lead into a beautiful wide valley.",
"Terhiin Tsagaan Nuur Lake and Horgo Mountain.",
"Tsagaan Nuur is a small astonishingly beatiful lake is located at the elevation of 2173metres.",
"Horgo Mountain is a dormant volcano on the east shore of the lake and is the highest volcano crater in the Orkhon River valley.",
"The summit offer beautiful views of the area and lake.",
"Tsagaan Nuur Lake was formed when lava dammed the Summan River creating a large gorge.",
"Bayanzag.",
"Bayazang or the Flaming Cliffs site is a region of the Gobi Desert in the Ömnögovi Province of Mongolia, in which important fossil finds have been made, including the most famous - the first discovery of dinosaur eggs as well as complete dinosaur skeletons.",
"It was named by American palaeontologist Roy Chapman Andrews, who visited site in the 1920s.",
"He also discovered petrified forests, remain of mammals, in particular a skeleton of hornless rhinoceros.",
"The rock gives off a glowing orange colour, hence the nickname.",
"Khovsgol National Park.",
"The park is a gem in Mongolia’s park system.",
"It was created in 1992 to protect lake’s ecology which has been jeopardised by miners, loggers and traders.",
"The region is well-known for its natural beauty, and Lake Khövsgöl is one of the country's major tourist attractions.",
"Khövsgöl Nuur is located in the northwest of Mongolia near the border to Russia, at the foot of the eastern Sayan Mountains.",
"It is 1,645 m above sea level, 136 km long and 262 m deep.",
"It is the second largest lake in Mongolia as well as deepest.",
"It holds almost 70% of Mongolia's fresh water and 1% of all the fresh water in the world.",
"It is often called “Blue Pearl of Mongolia” because of its crystal clear water.it is one of the most spectacular places in Mongolia with mountain peaks, lush lakeside meadows, taiga and forest steppe.",
"Yaks and horses graze in the alpine meadows, geese and stark make their home here, bear and moose roam in the mountains.",
"Ethnic groups such as Buryat, Darkhat and Tsaatan live in the area creating cultural diversity in the region."
] |
D1561511
|
https://supportforums.cisco.com/discussion/9840411/can-i-use-straight-cable-connect-trunk-ports-between-2-switches
|
Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 switches?
|
ahpark78 New Member 05-28-2006 09:22 PMCan I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 switches? Hi,Am I able to use straight instead of cross cable to connect trunk ports between 2 switches? ?thanks!Other Network Infrastructure Subjects I have this problem too0 Helpful Reply9 REPLIESankurbhasin Red 05-28-2006 09:41 PMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Hi Friend,No thats not possible. Only if you have auto-mdix ports on the switch it is possible but if the port is not capable of auto mdix you have to use cross cable to connect 2 switches. HTH, if yes please rate the post. Ankur5 Helpful Replyahpark78 New Member 05-28-2006 10:15 PMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Thanks Ankur,I am using Cisco 2950 switch. Meaning not possible right, i mean in terms of port level at fa0/x ?0 Helpful Replyankurbhasin Red 05-28-2006 10:20 PMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Hi Friend,No thats not possibe so you have to use cross cable to connect the 2 switches HTH, if yes please rate the post. Ankur3 Helpful Replydevang_etcom Gold 05-29-2006 01:58 AMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 swhi ankur,,,what is auto-mdix ports...reply with some explanation or with link...regards Devang5 Helpful Replyankurbhasin Red 05-29-2006 03:08 AMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Hi Devang,When a 10/100 Fast Ethernet interface is enabled, one end of the link must perform media dependent interface (MDI) crossover (MDIX), so that the transmitter on one end of the data link is connected to the receiver on the other end of the data link (a crossover cable is typically used). The Auto-MDIX feature eliminates the need for crossover cabling by performing an internal crossover when a straight cable is detected during the auto-negotiation phase. HTH, if yes please rate the post. Ankur0 Helpful Reply Anonymous N/A05-29-2006 03:17 AMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw0 Helpful Replydevang_etcom Gold 05-29-2006 03:45 AMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 swhi Ankur,,,this future should be enable on both end...regards Devang0 Helpful Replymahmoodmkl Gold 05-29-2006 03:58 AMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Hi Yes. It should be enabled on both the ends. Thanks Mahmood0 Helpful Replymahmoodmkl Gold 05-28-2006 10:04 PMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Hi In addition to Ankur's post u need to have the specofoed ports for auto settings for speed and duplex.i.e u cannot hardcore the speed and duplex settings. Thanks Mahmood3 Helpful Reply Latest Documents16.6.3 Beta Image Availability Created by Navanshu Sehgal on 12-01-2017 02:47 PM1 0We are pleased to announce availability of Beta software for 16.6.3. 16.6.3 will be the second rebuild on the 16.6 release train targeted towards Catalyst 9500/9400/9300/3850/3650 switching platforms. We are looking for early feedback from customers befor... view more Webcast FAQ- Layer 3 Multicast: Security and Best Practices Created by hiarteag on 11-30-2017 03:42 PM0 0Introduction Featured Speakers Luis Espejel is the Telecommunications Manager of IENova, an Oil & Gas company. Currently he works with Cisco IOS® and Cisco IOS XE platforms, and NX to some extent. He has also worked as a Senior Engineer with the Routing P... view more Webcast slides- Layer 3 Multicast: Security and Best Practices Created by hiarteag on 11-27-2017 05:30 PM0 5In this session you can learn more about Layer 3 multicast and the best practices to identify possible threats and take security measures. It provides an overview of basic multicast, the best security practices for use of this technology, and recommendati... view more All Documents
|
[
"ahpark78 New Member 05-28-2006 09:22 PMCan I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 switches?",
"Hi,Am I able to use straight instead of cross cable to connect trunk ports between 2 switches?",
"?thanks!Other Network Infrastructure Subjects I have this problem too0 Helpful Reply9 REPLIESankurbhasin Red 05-28-2006 09:41 PMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Hi Friend,No thats not possible.",
"Only if you have auto-mdix ports on the switch it is possible but if the port is not capable of auto mdix you have to use cross cable to connect 2 switches.",
"HTH, if yes please rate the post.",
"Ankur5 Helpful Replyahpark78 New Member 05-28-2006 10:15 PMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Thanks Ankur,I am using Cisco 2950 switch.",
"Meaning not possible right, i mean in terms of port level at fa0/x ?0 Helpful Replyankurbhasin Red 05-28-2006 10:20 PMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Hi Friend,No thats not possibe so you have to use cross cable to connect the 2 switches HTH, if yes please rate the post.",
"Ankur3 Helpful Replydevang_etcom Gold 05-29-2006 01:58 AMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 swhi ankur,,,what is auto-mdix ports...reply with some explanation or with link...regards Devang5 Helpful Replyankurbhasin Red 05-29-2006 03:08 AMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Hi Devang,When a 10/100 Fast Ethernet interface is enabled, one end of the link must perform media dependent interface (MDI) crossover (MDIX), so that the transmitter on one end of the data link is connected to the receiver on the other end of the data link (a crossover cable is typically used).",
"The Auto-MDIX feature eliminates the need for crossover cabling by performing an internal crossover when a straight cable is detected during the auto-negotiation phase.",
"HTH, if yes please rate the post.",
"Ankur0 Helpful Reply Anonymous N/A05-29-2006 03:17 AMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw0 Helpful Replydevang_etcom Gold 05-29-2006 03:45 AMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 swhi Ankur,,,this future should be enable on both end...regards Devang0 Helpful Replymahmoodmkl Gold 05-29-2006 03:58 AMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Hi Yes.",
"It should be enabled on both the ends.",
"Thanks Mahmood0 Helpful Replymahmoodmkl Gold 05-28-2006 10:04 PMRe: Can I use straight cable to connect trunk ports between 2 sw Hi In addition to Ankur's post u need to have the specofoed ports for auto settings for speed and duplex.i.e u cannot hardcore the speed and duplex settings.",
"Thanks Mahmood3 Helpful Reply Latest Documents16.6.3 Beta Image Availability Created by Navanshu Sehgal on 12-01-2017 02:47 PM1 0We are pleased to announce availability of Beta software for 16.6.3.",
"16.6.3 will be the second rebuild on the 16.6 release train targeted towards Catalyst 9500/9400/9300/3850/3650 switching platforms.",
"We are looking for early feedback from customers befor... view more Webcast FAQ- Layer 3 Multicast: Security and Best Practices Created by hiarteag on 11-30-2017 03:42 PM0 0Introduction Featured Speakers Luis Espejel is the Telecommunications Manager of IENova, an Oil & Gas company.",
"Currently he works with Cisco IOS® and Cisco IOS XE platforms, and NX to some extent.",
"He has also worked as a Senior Engineer with the Routing P... view more Webcast slides- Layer 3 Multicast: Security and Best Practices Created by hiarteag on 11-27-2017 05:30 PM0 5In this session you can learn more about Layer 3 multicast and the best practices to identify possible threats and take security measures.",
"It provides an overview of basic multicast, the best security practices for use of this technology, and recommendati... view more All Documents"
] |
D1805734
|
http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/knee-pain/cartilage-of-the-knee
|
Cartilage of the Knee
|
Cartilage of the Knee Cartilage of the Knee Cartilage is a type of firm, thick, slippery tissue that coats the ends of bones where they meet with other bones to form a joint. Cartilage acts as a protective cushion between bones. In the knee, there is cartilage on the ends of the bones and at the back of the kneecap (patella). Continue Reading Belowyou might like WEBMDHow to Treat Focal Onset Seizures in Children Learn about the treatments your child may get for focal onset seizures, which used to be called partial seizures. A meniscus is a piece of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between bones. It stabilizes the joints by evenly distributing the load across the joint area. In the knee, the crescent-shaped menisci are in between the ends of the upper (femur) and lower (tibia) leg bones. The menisci protect the knee joint surface and absorb the shock produced by activities such as walking, running, and jumping. Credits By Healthwise Staff Primary Medical Reviewer Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine Specialist Medical Reviewer Stanford M. Shoor, MD - Rheumatology Current as of May 22, 2015Web MD Medical Reference from Healthwise This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information. © 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.
|
[
"Cartilage of the Knee Cartilage of the Knee Cartilage is a type of firm, thick, slippery tissue that coats the ends of bones where they meet with other bones to form a joint.",
"Cartilage acts as a protective cushion between bones.",
"In the knee, there is cartilage on the ends of the bones and at the back of the kneecap (patella).",
"Continue Reading Belowyou might like WEBMDHow to Treat Focal Onset Seizures in Children Learn about the treatments your child may get for focal onset seizures, which used to be called partial seizures.",
"A meniscus is a piece of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between bones.",
"It stabilizes the joints by evenly distributing the load across the joint area.",
"In the knee, the crescent-shaped menisci are in between the ends of the upper (femur) and lower (tibia) leg bones.",
"The menisci protect the knee joint surface and absorb the shock produced by activities such as walking, running, and jumping.",
"Credits By Healthwise Staff Primary Medical Reviewer Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine Specialist Medical Reviewer Stanford M. Shoor, MD - Rheumatology Current as of May 22, 2015Web MD Medical Reference from Healthwise This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor.",
"Healthwise disclaims any liability for the decisions you make based on this information.",
"© 1995-2015 Healthwise, Incorporated.",
"Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated."
] |
D2037776
|
http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_morphine_sulfate_stay_in_your_system
|
How long does morphine sulfate stay in your system?
|
Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Biology Human Anatomy and Physiology Circulatory System Blood How long does morphine sulfate stay in your system? Flag How long does morphine sulfate stay in your system? Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time. Opiates such as morphine sulfate stay in the system for about 72 hours. If a person has a high metabolism and is not a regular user of the drug it could take at little as 48 hours for the morphine to leave the system.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Terrance Geier 3 Contributions How long does morphine stay in your system? Morphine will stay in your system for 2 to 4 days depending on how much and for how long. So to be safe I would say 4 days! unless its a time released pill if so add a day or …Dr BPharm D 1 Contribution How long will morphine stay in your system? Morphine has a half-life between 1.5 and 2 hours, depending on individual patient characteristics. A drug is almost completely eliminated from the system after 4 to 5 half-li …How long does morphine Sulfate 100mg stay in your in your blood in your blood stream? Generally morphine sulfate in 100mg may be fatal for a non tolerant user unless it is in time released form which is still a high dose for a non tolerant user. However It will …How long does it take morphine sulfate to leave your system? Can I take other painkillers whill takening morpfine.. How long does morphine stay in the system?how long does morphine stay in your system for if you shoot it up? Kevin Bell 148 Contributions How long does morphine sulfate 200mg stay in your urine? If the morphine dose is 200 mg, then the tablet must be a time-released formulation of morphine such as Duramorph®, Kadian®, MS-Contin®, Oramorph SR® and about four oth …How long does Oxy-Morphine stay in your system? Due to the narcotic nature of this medication, oxy morphine can stay in your system from as few as 24 hours while observing a reasonably healthy and water intensive diet …Logical-ness 72 Contributions How long does morphin stay in system? Not very long. It depends on the person but morphin usually only lasts about a day to three days at the most. How long does morphine sulfate 30mg stay in your urine? long enough for you to fail that drug test Lorijryan 7 Contributions How long does 15 mg morphine sulfate take get out system? Usually after 72 plus hours, it will not be detected by urine test for drugs, so I am thinking the answer is 72 hours. Bobhasnoweiner 10 Contributions How long does it take for morphine sulfate to leave your system?10 hours, that's if you only took a small dose, almost a day if you took a large one Anne Maree 11 Contributions How long does Dilaudid and morphine stay in your system?4 days Answered In Elements and Compounds How long does morphine sulfate 30 mg stay in the blood and urine? It takes about 4-6 days to get through your body, dont try it though. :)Answered In Medication and Drugs How long does morphine sulfate 30 mg stay in urine?how long does morphine stay in urine Answered In Morphine How long does crack and morphine stay in your system?3-5 days Answered In Morphine How long does morphine stay in your system if snorted?3 days Answered In Morphine How long does injected morphine sulfate stay in system?6-8 days is the most reproducible answer
|
[
"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Biology Human Anatomy and Physiology Circulatory System Blood How long does morphine sulfate stay in your system?",
"Flag How long does morphine sulfate stay in your system?",
"Answered by The Wiki Answers ®Community Answers.com ® is making the world better one answer at a time.",
"Opiates such as morphine sulfate stay in the system for about 72 hours.",
"If a person has a high metabolism and is not a regular user of the drug it could take at little as 48 hours for the morphine to leave the system.2 people found this useful Was this answer useful?",
"Yes Somewhat No Terrance Geier 3 Contributions How long does morphine stay in your system?",
"Morphine will stay in your system for 2 to 4 days depending on how much and for how long.",
"So to be safe I would say 4 days!",
"unless its a time released pill if so add a day or …Dr BPharm D 1 Contribution How long will morphine stay in your system?",
"Morphine has a half-life between 1.5 and 2 hours, depending on individual patient characteristics.",
"A drug is almost completely eliminated from the system after 4 to 5 half-li …How long does morphine Sulfate 100mg stay in your in your blood in your blood stream?",
"Generally morphine sulfate in 100mg may be fatal for a non tolerant user unless it is in time released form which is still a high dose for a non tolerant user.",
"However It will …How long does it take morphine sulfate to leave your system?",
"Can I take other painkillers whill takening morpfine.. How long does morphine stay in the system?how long does morphine stay in your system for if you shoot it up?",
"Kevin Bell 148 Contributions How long does morphine sulfate 200mg stay in your urine?",
"If the morphine dose is 200 mg, then the tablet must be a time-released formulation of morphine such as Duramorph®, Kadian®, MS-Contin®, Oramorph SR® and about four oth …How long does Oxy-Morphine stay in your system?",
"Due to the narcotic nature of this medication, oxy morphine can stay in your system from as few as 24 hours while observing a reasonably healthy and water intensive diet …Logical-ness 72 Contributions How long does morphin stay in system?",
"Not very long.",
"It depends on the person but morphin usually only lasts about a day to three days at the most.",
"How long does morphine sulfate 30mg stay in your urine?",
"long enough for you to fail that drug test Lorijryan 7 Contributions How long does 15 mg morphine sulfate take get out system?",
"Usually after 72 plus hours, it will not be detected by urine test for drugs, so I am thinking the answer is 72 hours.",
"Bobhasnoweiner 10 Contributions How long does it take for morphine sulfate to leave your system?10 hours, that's if you only took a small dose, almost a day if you took a large one Anne Maree 11 Contributions How long does Dilaudid and morphine stay in your system?4 days Answered In Elements and Compounds How long does morphine sulfate 30 mg stay in the blood and urine?",
"It takes about 4-6 days to get through your body, dont try it though.",
":)Answered In Medication and Drugs How long does morphine sulfate 30 mg stay in urine?how long does morphine stay in urine Answered In Morphine How long does crack and morphine stay in your system?3-5 days Answered In Morphine How long does morphine stay in your system if snorted?3 days Answered In Morphine How long does injected morphine sulfate stay in system?6-8 days is the most reproducible answer"
] |
D2073402
|
http://fdb.rxlist.com/drugs/drug-154228-Uribel+Oral.aspx?drugid=154228&drugname=Uribel+Oral
|
Uribel oral
|
Uribel oral Common Brand Name (s): Hyophen, Phosphasal, Urelle, Uribel, Urimar-TReview this Drug34 User Reviews View Images Uribel oral Uses This medication is used to relieve the discomfort, pain, frequent urge to urinate, and cramps/spasms of the urinary tract caused by an infection or a medical procedure. Methenamine is an antibiotic. Methylene blue is an antiseptic and is related to a group of drugs called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors). Both methenamine and methylene blue help to prevent the growth of bacteria in the urine. Salicylate, which is related to aspirin, is a pain reliever. This product also contains an ingredient (such as sodium phosphate, benzoic acid) to make the urine more acidic, which helps methenamine work better. Hyoscyamine is an antispasmodic drug that relaxes the muscles of the urinary tract to relieve cramps/spasms. This product should not be used to treat a urinary tract infection. If you have a bacterial infection, another antibiotic is usually prescribed to treat it. Consult your doctor for more details. This medication is not recommended for children younger than 6 years because they are more sensitive to the side effects. How to use Uribel oral Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually 4 times a day. Take each dose with a full glass of water (8 ounces/240 milliliters). Do not lie down for 10 minutes after taking this medication. Drink plenty of fluids while you are being treated with this medication unless otherwise directed by your doctor. If stomach upset occurs with this medication, you may take it with food. The dosage is based on your medical condition, age, and response to treatment. Do not increase your dose or use this drug more often or for longer than prescribed. Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of side effects will increase. Antacids may decrease the absorption and the effectiveness of this product. Therefore, if you are also taking antacids, take this product at least 1 hour before antacids. Take this medication regularly at evenly spaced intervals to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, take it at the same times each day. Caffeine can increase the side effects of this medication. Avoid drinking large amounts of beverages containing caffeine (coffee, tea, colas), eating large amounts of chocolate, or taking nonprescription products that contain caffeine. Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve in a few days or if you develop signs of a urinary tract infection (such as burning/painful/frequent urination). Next: Side Effects >See 34 Reviews for this Drug. - OR -Learn about User Reviews and read IMPORTANT information about user generated content
|
[
"Uribel oral Common Brand Name (s): Hyophen, Phosphasal, Urelle, Uribel, Urimar-TReview this Drug34 User Reviews View Images Uribel oral Uses This medication is used to relieve the discomfort, pain, frequent urge to urinate, and cramps/spasms of the urinary tract caused by an infection or a medical procedure.",
"Methenamine is an antibiotic.",
"Methylene blue is an antiseptic and is related to a group of drugs called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors).",
"Both methenamine and methylene blue help to prevent the growth of bacteria in the urine.",
"Salicylate, which is related to aspirin, is a pain reliever.",
"This product also contains an ingredient (such as sodium phosphate, benzoic acid) to make the urine more acidic, which helps methenamine work better.",
"Hyoscyamine is an antispasmodic drug that relaxes the muscles of the urinary tract to relieve cramps/spasms.",
"This product should not be used to treat a urinary tract infection.",
"If you have a bacterial infection, another antibiotic is usually prescribed to treat it.",
"Consult your doctor for more details.",
"This medication is not recommended for children younger than 6 years because they are more sensitive to the side effects.",
"How to use Uribel oral Take this medication by mouth as directed by your doctor, usually 4 times a day.",
"Take each dose with a full glass of water (8 ounces/240 milliliters).",
"Do not lie down for 10 minutes after taking this medication.",
"Drink plenty of fluids while you are being treated with this medication unless otherwise directed by your doctor.",
"If stomach upset occurs with this medication, you may take it with food.",
"The dosage is based on your medical condition, age, and response to treatment.",
"Do not increase your dose or use this drug more often or for longer than prescribed.",
"Your condition will not improve any faster, and your risk of side effects will increase.",
"Antacids may decrease the absorption and the effectiveness of this product.",
"Therefore, if you are also taking antacids, take this product at least 1 hour before antacids.",
"Take this medication regularly at evenly spaced intervals to get the most benefit from it.",
"To help you remember, take it at the same times each day.",
"Caffeine can increase the side effects of this medication.",
"Avoid drinking large amounts of beverages containing caffeine (coffee, tea, colas), eating large amounts of chocolate, or taking nonprescription products that contain caffeine.",
"Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve in a few days or if you develop signs of a urinary tract infection (such as burning/painful/frequent urination).",
"Next: Side Effects >See 34 Reviews for this Drug.",
"- OR -Learn about User Reviews and read IMPORTANT information about user generated content"
] |
D886413
|
https://www.reference.com/science/characteristics-outer-planets-483ca93c26518901
|
What Are the Characteristics of the Outer Planets?
|
Science Astronomy Planets Q: What Are the Characteristics of the Outer Planets? A: Quick Answer According to Universe Today, the four outer planets of the solar system are all gas giants. This means they lack a conventional surface, and are made up of dense gases around a possible rocky or metallic core. These planets are called Jovian planets to distinguish them from the four rocky terrestrial planets closer to the sun. Continue Reading Keep Learning What Are Some Facts About the Inner Planets? Why Do the Interiors of the Jovian Planets Differ? What Are Some Facts About the Outer Planets in Our Solar System? Credit: Magnilion Vetta Getty Images Full Answer When the solar system formed, leftover matter from the creation of the sun orbited in a large, flat disc around the star. Heavier and more solid elements orbited closer to the new star, while lighter frozen gases escaped further out into the fledgling solar system. Eventually, some of these molecules began to accumulate together, forming small discs and then eventually spheres. The outer planets all formed from frozen gases, and as a result they are made up primarily of elements such as helium and hydrogen. They are also considerably larger than the terrestrial planets, and their enormous size results in massive gravitational forces. At the center of planets such as Saturn and Jupiter, these gases may even be forced into a solid phase, creating cores of metallic hydrogen or other elements. The Jovian planets also tend to have more moons than the terrestrial planets. Learn more about Planets Sources: universetoday.com en.wikipedia.org lasp.colorado.edu Related Questions Q: What Are Characteristics of Inner Planets and Outer Planets? A: The inner planets of the solar system are small, rocky worlds that have very few moons. The outer planets are composed primarily of gases and are much larg... Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets Q: What Is the Difference Between Inner and Outer Planets? A: The main difference between inner and outer planets is that outer planets are larger and are mainly made of gas. The inner planets are Venus, Mercury, Mars... Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets Q: Which Planets Have Rings? A: All four of the gas giant planets in the solar system have rings. These are Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune and Uranus. The rings of Saturn are so prominent that ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets Q: What Are All Five Outer Planets? A: The four outer planets include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, according to Northern Virginia Community College. Pluto is the former ninth planet from... Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets You May Also Like Q: What Characteristics Make a Successful Retirement Program? Q: What Are Characteristics of the Family Ursidae? Q: What Are Some Characteristics of Hopi Homes? Q: What Are the Characteristics of a Good German Shepherd Breeder? Q: What Are the Characteristics of Nail Art? Q: What Are Some Pomeranian Characteristics?
|
[
"Science Astronomy Planets Q: What Are the Characteristics of the Outer Planets?",
"A: Quick Answer According to Universe Today, the four outer planets of the solar system are all gas giants.",
"This means they lack a conventional surface, and are made up of dense gases around a possible rocky or metallic core.",
"These planets are called Jovian planets to distinguish them from the four rocky terrestrial planets closer to the sun.",
"Continue Reading Keep Learning What Are Some Facts About the Inner Planets?",
"Why Do the Interiors of the Jovian Planets Differ?",
"What Are Some Facts About the Outer Planets in Our Solar System?",
"Credit: Magnilion Vetta Getty Images Full Answer When the solar system formed, leftover matter from the creation of the sun orbited in a large, flat disc around the star.",
"Heavier and more solid elements orbited closer to the new star, while lighter frozen gases escaped further out into the fledgling solar system.",
"Eventually, some of these molecules began to accumulate together, forming small discs and then eventually spheres.",
"The outer planets all formed from frozen gases, and as a result they are made up primarily of elements such as helium and hydrogen.",
"They are also considerably larger than the terrestrial planets, and their enormous size results in massive gravitational forces.",
"At the center of planets such as Saturn and Jupiter, these gases may even be forced into a solid phase, creating cores of metallic hydrogen or other elements.",
"The Jovian planets also tend to have more moons than the terrestrial planets.",
"Learn more about Planets Sources: universetoday.com en.wikipedia.org lasp.colorado.edu Related Questions Q: What Are Characteristics of Inner Planets and Outer Planets?",
"A: The inner planets of the solar system are small, rocky worlds that have very few moons.",
"The outer planets are composed primarily of gases and are much larg... Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets Q: What Is the Difference Between Inner and Outer Planets?",
"A: The main difference between inner and outer planets is that outer planets are larger and are mainly made of gas.",
"The inner planets are Venus, Mercury, Mars... Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets Q: Which Planets Have Rings?",
"A: All four of the gas giant planets in the solar system have rings.",
"These are Saturn, Jupiter, Neptune and Uranus.",
"The rings of Saturn are so prominent that ... Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets Q: What Are All Five Outer Planets?",
"A: The four outer planets include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, according to Northern Virginia Community College.",
"Pluto is the former ninth planet from... Full Answer >Filed Under: Planets You May Also Like Q: What Characteristics Make a Successful Retirement Program?",
"Q: What Are Characteristics of the Family Ursidae?",
"Q: What Are Some Characteristics of Hopi Homes?",
"Q: What Are the Characteristics of a Good German Shepherd Breeder?",
"Q: What Are the Characteristics of Nail Art?",
"Q: What Are Some Pomeranian Characteristics?"
] |
D588704
|
http://www.wikihow.com/Become-a-Police-Officer-in-California
|
How to Become a Police Officer in California
|
Reader Approved How to Become a Police Officer in California Three Methods: Ensuring that You’re Qualified Contacting and Applying at Your Local Department Passing the Examinations Community Q&ABecoming a police officer is a rigorous selection process that takes patience, time, and training. Before you apply, make sure a profession in law enforcement is right for you by talking with police officers about their experiences on the job. Once you have determined that becoming a police officer is for you, prepare your body and mind for the physical, verbal and writing, medical, and psychological examinations.
|
[
"Reader Approved How to Become a Police Officer in California Three Methods: Ensuring that You’re Qualified Contacting and Applying at Your Local Department Passing the Examinations Community Q&ABecoming a police officer is a rigorous selection process that takes patience, time, and training.",
"Before you apply, make sure a profession in law enforcement is right for you by talking with police officers about their experiences on the job.",
"Once you have determined that becoming a police officer is for you, prepare your body and mind for the physical, verbal and writing, medical, and psychological examinations."
] |
D2853265
|
http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_is_Chuck_Woolery_married_to
|
Who is Chuck Woolery married to?
|
"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Entertainment & Arts TV Programming and Commercials TV Shows and Series Game Shows Who is Chuck Woolery married to? Flag Who is Chuck Woolery married to? Answer by K-Hol Confidence votes 1.3KChuck has been married 3 times: his first wife was Margaret Hayes (they had 3 children together). His second wife was Joanne Pflug (they had a daughter together) and he is currently married to Kim Barnes. Kim Barnes29 people found this useful Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Why did chuck woolery move to Texas? His career is floundering and can't afford to live in Los Angeles any longer Chuck woolery married to ozzie nelsons grandaughter? In July Where does Chuck Woolery live in Texas? horseshoe bay Was Chuck Woolery married to Ozzie Nelsons daughter? Chuck Woolery was married to Ozzie Nelson's granddaughter. When Ozzie's son David Nelson married his second wife, David adopted her three children, one of whom married and lat …Is Chuck Woolery married to Stacey? Chuck Woolery is not married to Stacey. He has been married to Kim Barnes since 2006. It his fourth marriage. Kim Barnes married to chuck woolery?yes API Birthday 348,690 Contributions When was Chuck Woolery born? Chuck Woolery was born on March 16, 1941. API Birthday 348,690 Contributions How old is Chuck Woolery? Game show host Chuck Woolery is 76 years old (birthdate: March 16, 1941). When did Chuck Woolery play Superman? In the 1973 preview of new Saturday morning cartoons on ABC, hosted by Burns and Schreiber. Did chuck woolery marry his co-host Stacey from lingo?no TSD -RAVEN- 22,978 Contributions When did chuck woolery join the navy? Woolery joined right after High School and did 2 years in the Navy. Though his bio doesn't specify the years, since he was born in 1941 and he started working in 1963, it's a …Matthew Parker 43,947 Contributions Why did Chuck Woolery leave Lingo? He didn't leave the show; the show was cancelled in 2007. The producers of the new version that aired in 2011 chose not to bring him back as host. Sonyfan 221,870 Contributions Answered In Entertainment & Arts Why did chuck woolery leave wheel? Quoted from the related link In 1981, Woolery was involved in a salary dispute with the program's producers. Woolery stated in a 2007 interview that he demanded a raise from …Answered In Entertainment & Arts Does Chuck Woolery speak for the ASA?yes he did because he wanted to save the people from dying Answers Publisher 49,340 Contributions Answered In Entertainment & Arts What is the birth name of Chuck Woolery? Chuck Woolery's birth name is Charles Herbert Woolery. Answers Publisher 49,340 Contributions Answered In Entertainment & Arts How tall is Chuck Woolery? Chuck Woolery is 6' 2"". Answered In Health Is Chuck Woolery a cigarette smoker? Chuck Woolery is most likely someone who smokes cigarettes. "
|
[
"\"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Entertainment & Arts TV Programming and Commercials TV Shows and Series Game Shows Who is Chuck Woolery married to?",
"Flag Who is Chuck Woolery married to?",
"Answer by K-Hol Confidence votes 1.3KChuck has been married 3 times: his first wife was Margaret Hayes (they had 3 children together).",
"His second wife was Joanne Pflug (they had a daughter together) and he is currently married to Kim Barnes.",
"Kim Barnes29 people found this useful Was this answer useful?",
"Yes Somewhat No Why did chuck woolery move to Texas?",
"His career is floundering and can't afford to live in Los Angeles any longer Chuck woolery married to ozzie nelsons grandaughter?",
"In July Where does Chuck Woolery live in Texas?",
"horseshoe bay Was Chuck Woolery married to Ozzie Nelsons daughter?",
"Chuck Woolery was married to Ozzie Nelson's granddaughter.",
"When Ozzie's son David Nelson married his second wife, David adopted her three children, one of whom married and lat …Is Chuck Woolery married to Stacey?",
"Chuck Woolery is not married to Stacey.",
"He has been married to Kim Barnes since 2006.",
"It his fourth marriage.",
"Kim Barnes married to chuck woolery?yes API Birthday 348,690 Contributions When was Chuck Woolery born?",
"Chuck Woolery was born on March 16, 1941.",
"API Birthday 348,690 Contributions How old is Chuck Woolery?",
"Game show host Chuck Woolery is 76 years old (birthdate: March 16, 1941).",
"When did Chuck Woolery play Superman?",
"In the 1973 preview of new Saturday morning cartoons on ABC, hosted by Burns and Schreiber.",
"Did chuck woolery marry his co-host Stacey from lingo?no TSD -RAVEN- 22,978 Contributions When did chuck woolery join the navy?",
"Woolery joined right after High School and did 2 years in the Navy.",
"Though his bio doesn't specify the years, since he was born in 1941 and he started working in 1963, it's a …Matthew Parker 43,947 Contributions Why did Chuck Woolery leave Lingo?",
"He didn't leave the show; the show was cancelled in 2007.",
"The producers of the new version that aired in 2011 chose not to bring him back as host.",
"Sonyfan 221,870 Contributions Answered In Entertainment & Arts Why did chuck woolery leave wheel?",
"Quoted from the related link In 1981, Woolery was involved in a salary dispute with the program's producers.",
"Woolery stated in a 2007 interview that he demanded a raise from …Answered In Entertainment & Arts Does Chuck Woolery speak for the ASA?yes he did because he wanted to save the people from dying Answers Publisher 49,340 Contributions Answered In Entertainment & Arts What is the birth name of Chuck Woolery?",
"Chuck Woolery's birth name is Charles Herbert Woolery.",
"Answers Publisher 49,340 Contributions Answered In Entertainment & Arts How tall is Chuck Woolery?",
"Chuck Woolery is 6' 2\"\".",
"Answered In Health Is Chuck Woolery a cigarette smoker?",
"Chuck Woolery is most likely someone who smokes cigarettes. \""
] |
D1353346
|
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/acquired+taste
|
acquired taste
|
"acquired taste Also found in: Thesaurus, Idioms, Wikipedia .acquired tasten. One that is unpleasant on immediate experience or is likeable only after being experiencedrepeatedly. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.acquired tasten1. a liking for something that is at first considered unpleasant2. the thing so liked Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © Harper Collins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Switch to new thesaurus Noun 1. acquired taste - a preference that is only acquired after considerableexperience; ""martinis are an acquired taste""penchant, preference, taste, predilection - a strong liking; ""my own preference is for good literature""; ""the Irish have a penchant for blarney""Based on Word Net 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Facebook Twitter "
|
[
"\"acquired taste Also found in: Thesaurus, Idioms, Wikipedia .acquired tasten.",
"One that is unpleasant on immediate experience or is likeable only after being experiencedrepeatedly.",
"American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition.",
"Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.",
"Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.",
"All rights reserved.acquired tasten1.",
"a liking for something that is at first considered unpleasant2.",
"the thing so liked Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © Harper Collins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Switch to new thesaurus Noun 1. acquired taste - a preference that is only acquired after considerableexperience; \"\"martinis are an acquired taste\"\"penchant, preference, taste, predilection - a strong liking; \"\"my own preference is for good literature\"\"; \"\"the Irish have a penchant for blarney\"\"Based on Word Net 3.0, Farlex clipart collection.",
"© 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc. Want to thank TFD for its existence?",
"Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content .",
"Link to this page: Facebook Twitter \""
] |
D769762
|
http://www.tomsguide.com/us/iphone-6-battery-life,news-19591.html
|
iPhone 6 and 6 Plus Battery Life: How Long They Last
|
i Phone Special Reporti Phone 6 and 6 Plus Battery Life: How Long They Lastby Mike Prospero Sep 22, 2014, 10:16 AMWe saw how the i Phone 6 and i Phone 6 Plus compared to the Samsung Galaxy S5 in terms of performance, but how well do Apple's new smartphones stack up to the competition when it comes to battery life? We ran our battery test over the weekend to find out. One of the chief issues that many had with the i Phone 5s was its comparatively short battery life. Indeed, on our test, it lasted just 5 hours and 46 minutes. According to Apple, the i Phone 6 should provide up to 10 hours of Internet use on LTE, and up to 11 hours of video playback. The i Phone 6 Plus promises up to 12 hours of LTE browsing, and up to 14 hours of video playback. We used our standard battery test on the i Phones as well as the Android devices. For both platforms, we created an app that opens the native Web browser on the phone, and then visits 50 popular web sites in a loop, pausing for 60 seconds on each until the battery is drained. Before running the test, we set the display brightness to 150 nits, ensure that the battery is fully charged, and turn off Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, notifications, and GPS. Here's more detail on our battery test, as well as others we run on smartphones, tablets and laptops. MORE: Smartphones with the Longest Battery Life For the purposes of this story, we used only smartphones on AT&T and Verizon, to ensure the fairest comparisons. However, we've seen consistently better battery life from phones on T-Mobile's network, and will provide updates once we've had a chance to test the i Phone 6 on T-Mobile.i Phone 6 and 6 Plus vs. Samsung Galaxy S5Apple's biggest competitor in the smartphone space is Samsung, whose Galaxy S5 packs a 2,800 m Ah battery. By comparison, the i Phone 6 Plus has a 2,915 m Ah battery and the i Phone 6 a 1,810 m Ah battery, according to i Fix It. Not surprisingly, the i Phone 6's battery life of 7 hours and 27 minutes was less than the S5, both on Verizon and AT&T. However, the 6 Plus' runtime of 10 hours beat out the S5s.i Phone 6 and 6 Plus vs. Samsung Galaxy Note 3How did the i Phone 6 compare to the even larger Galaxy Note 3? Although it's not apples-to-apples--the Note 3 was tested using our old standard of 40 percent brightness, rather than 150 nits--its 3,200 m Ah battery lasted nearly as long as the i Phone 6 Plus, at 9 hours and 57 minutes. The Note 4 is coming in October and promises even longer endurance than its predecessor. It's also important to note--ahem--that Samsung's smartphone all have removable batteries, so you can swap out a dead battery for a fresh spare.i Phone 6 and 6 Plus vs. HTC One M8The HTC One M8 has a slightly smaller battery than the Galaxy S5, but it performed similar to Samsung's smartphone. On AT&T, the One M8 lasted 8:42, and on Verizon, it lasted 9:52--almost as good as the i Phone 6 Plus.i Phone 6 and 6 Plus vs. LG G3Initially, when we heard that the LG G3 had a 3,000 m Ah battery, we had high hopes for its endurance. Sadly, it didn't live up to its billing, as the Verizon G3 lasted just 6 hours and 10 minutes, and the AT&T LG G3 lasted 7:12. Both were below both the i Phone 6 and the i Phone 6 Plus.i Phone 6 and 6 Plus vs. One Plus One The phone with the biggest battery--a massive 3,100 m Ah--the One Plus One ran circles around both i Phones, lasting an epic 13 hours and 16 minutes on AT&T's network. So that's how the new i Phones compare to the leading smartphones from other manufacturers. Stay tuned for our full review of the i Phone 6 and the i Phone 6 Plus.i OS 8 Review Best Smartphones on the Market Nowi Phone 6 Buying Guide: Which Carrier Is the Best Deal? About the author Mike Prospero @mikeprospero Michael A. Prospero is the reviews editor at Laptop Mag and Tom’s Guide. When he’s not testing out the latest running watch, skiing or training for a marathon, he’s probably using the latest kitchen gadget. Read morei Phone Apple Smartphones Ask a Category Expert Create a new thread in the i Phone forum about this subject Publish This thread is closed for comments9 comments Comment from the forums Videographer 3 years ago Can the mods close these adverts down? Dadasdas 3 years ago Funny how my 350$ One Plus One smashes i Phone 6. Folks must be stupid to buy i Phone6Anthony Johnson 3 years ago I don’t think i Phone 6 plus has better battery life than Galaxy S5. According to me the battery of Galaxy S5 that has 2800m Ah battery with power saving mode that once fully charged on wireless charging pad that I purchased from Amazon www.amazon.com/dp/B00DDTZN4S with wide charging base, runs all day long with normal use. Display All 9 comments
|
[
"i Phone Special Reporti Phone 6 and 6 Plus Battery Life: How Long They Lastby Mike Prospero Sep 22, 2014, 10:16 AMWe saw how the i Phone 6 and i Phone 6 Plus compared to the Samsung Galaxy S5 in terms of performance, but how well do Apple's new smartphones stack up to the competition when it comes to battery life?",
"We ran our battery test over the weekend to find out.",
"One of the chief issues that many had with the i Phone 5s was its comparatively short battery life.",
"Indeed, on our test, it lasted just 5 hours and 46 minutes.",
"According to Apple, the i Phone 6 should provide up to 10 hours of Internet use on LTE, and up to 11 hours of video playback.",
"The i Phone 6 Plus promises up to 12 hours of LTE browsing, and up to 14 hours of video playback.",
"We used our standard battery test on the i Phones as well as the Android devices.",
"For both platforms, we created an app that opens the native Web browser on the phone, and then visits 50 popular web sites in a loop, pausing for 60 seconds on each until the battery is drained.",
"Before running the test, we set the display brightness to 150 nits, ensure that the battery is fully charged, and turn off Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, notifications, and GPS.",
"Here's more detail on our battery test, as well as others we run on smartphones, tablets and laptops.",
"MORE: Smartphones with the Longest Battery Life For the purposes of this story, we used only smartphones on AT&T and Verizon, to ensure the fairest comparisons.",
"However, we've seen consistently better battery life from phones on T-Mobile's network, and will provide updates once we've had a chance to test the i Phone 6 on T-Mobile.i Phone 6 and 6 Plus vs. Samsung Galaxy S5Apple's biggest competitor in the smartphone space is Samsung, whose Galaxy S5 packs a 2,800 m Ah battery.",
"By comparison, the i Phone 6 Plus has a 2,915 m Ah battery and the i Phone 6 a 1,810 m Ah battery, according to i Fix It.",
"Not surprisingly, the i Phone 6's battery life of 7 hours and 27 minutes was less than the S5, both on Verizon and AT&T.",
"However, the 6 Plus' runtime of 10 hours beat out the S5s.i Phone 6 and 6 Plus vs. Samsung Galaxy Note 3How did the i Phone 6 compare to the even larger Galaxy Note 3?",
"Although it's not apples-to-apples--the Note 3 was tested using our old standard of 40 percent brightness, rather than 150 nits--its 3,200 m Ah battery lasted nearly as long as the i Phone 6 Plus, at 9 hours and 57 minutes.",
"The Note 4 is coming in October and promises even longer endurance than its predecessor.",
"It's also important to note--ahem--that Samsung's smartphone all have removable batteries, so you can swap out a dead battery for a fresh spare.i Phone 6 and 6 Plus vs. HTC One M8The HTC One M8 has a slightly smaller battery than the Galaxy S5, but it performed similar to Samsung's smartphone.",
"On AT&T, the One M8 lasted 8:42, and on Verizon, it lasted 9:52--almost as good as the i Phone 6 Plus.i Phone 6 and 6 Plus vs. LG G3Initially, when we heard that the LG G3 had a 3,000 m Ah battery, we had high hopes for its endurance.",
"Sadly, it didn't live up to its billing, as the Verizon G3 lasted just 6 hours and 10 minutes, and the AT&T LG G3 lasted 7:12.",
"Both were below both the i Phone 6 and the i Phone 6 Plus.i Phone 6 and 6 Plus vs. One Plus One The phone with the biggest battery--a massive 3,100 m Ah--the One Plus One ran circles around both i Phones, lasting an epic 13 hours and 16 minutes on AT&T's network.",
"So that's how the new i Phones compare to the leading smartphones from other manufacturers.",
"Stay tuned for our full review of the i Phone 6 and the i Phone 6 Plus.i OS 8 Review Best Smartphones on the Market Nowi Phone 6 Buying Guide: Which Carrier Is the Best Deal?",
"About the author Mike Prospero @mikeprospero Michael A. Prospero is the reviews editor at Laptop Mag and Tom’s Guide.",
"When he’s not testing out the latest running watch, skiing or training for a marathon, he’s probably using the latest kitchen gadget.",
"Read morei Phone Apple Smartphones Ask a Category Expert Create a new thread in the i Phone forum about this subject Publish This thread is closed for comments9 comments Comment from the forums Videographer 3 years ago Can the mods close these adverts down?",
"Dadasdas 3 years ago Funny how my 350$ One Plus One smashes i Phone 6.",
"Folks must be stupid to buy i Phone6Anthony Johnson 3 years ago I don’t think i Phone 6 plus has better battery life than Galaxy S5.",
"According to me the battery of Galaxy S5 that has 2800m Ah battery with power saving mode that once fully charged on wireless charging pad that I purchased from Amazon www.amazon.com/dp/B00DDTZN4S with wide charging base, runs all day long with normal use.",
"Display All 9 comments"
] |
D714942
|
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:How_Things_Work/Binary_Numbers
|
Wikijunior:How Things Work/Binary Numbers
|
"Wikijunior: How Things Work/Binary Numbers< Wikijunior: How Things Work This is the latest reviewed version, checked on 25 February 2018. Quality: minimalnavigation search Contents1 What is Binary?2 Why do we use Binary?3 Binary Notation4 Translating to Base-105 Finding a Mystery Number5.1 Memory6 Bits and Bytes What is Binary? [ edit]We, humans, use 10 different digits - 0 to 9 - to construct any number. For example,15, 987630, 100, 99, 6 and so on. This is called the decimal number system and has base 10, which means that this number system has 10 different digits to construct a number. But computers do not understand the decimal number system. Actually it's not their fault! We humans have created them that way! Unlike humans, the insides of computers know only 2 digits - 0 and 1, because in the simplest electrical systems, electricity can only be ""on"" or ""off."" So, it's called the binary number system and has base 2. (""Bi"" means ""2"".) All the numbers are constructed with only 2 digits - 0 and 1. A digit in binary (that's a 0 or a 1) is also called a bit – which means bi nary digi t. Computers use this number system to add, subtract, multiply, divide and do all their other maths. They even save data in the form of bits - well, they group them together into chunks of 8 bits. And don't forget, this chunk of 8 bits is called a byte. This book will teach you how binary works, why computers use it, and how they use it. Why do we use Binary? [ edit]In normal maths, we don't use binary. We were taught to use our normal number system. Binary is much easier to do math in than normal numbers because you only are using two symbols - 1 and 0 instead of ten symbols - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Computers use binary because they can only read and store an on or off charge. So, using 0 as ""off"" and 1 as ""on,"" we can use numbers in electrical wiring. Think of it as this - if you had one color for every math symbol (0 to 9), you'd have ten colors. That's a lot of colors to memorize, but you have done it anyway. If you were limited to only black and white, you'd only have two colors. It would be so much easier to memorize, but you would need to make a new way of writing down numbers. Binary is just that - a new way to record and use numbers which is true. Binary Notation [ edit]In school, you were taught that we have a ones, tens, hundreds columns and so on (they multiply by 10). Binary also has columns, but they aren't ones and tens. The columns in binary are... Binary ... 100 0000 10 0000 1 0000 1000 100 10 1Base-10* version ... 64 32 16 8 4 2 1* Normal, decimal numbers are called base-10, because there are 10 symbols that we use. Binary is called base-2, because it uses two symbols. So what makes binary so easy? The answer lies in how we read the number. If we had the number 52, we have a 2 in the ones column, adding 2 times 1 to the total (2). We have a 5 in the 10s column, multiply that together and get 50, adding that to the total. Our total number is 52, like we expect. In binary, though, this is way simpler if you know how to read it fast. How about 3? How do you write the number 3 from the base-10 into a base-2 number? What about the rest? Let's try writing the normal numbers from 1 to 10 in binary form, shall we? Base-10 Binary1 12 103 114 1005 1016 1107 1118 10009 100110 101011 101112 110013 110114 111015 111116 10000We said we'd write only the numbers from 1 to 10 into binary numbers, but look at that table! It was so easy, we ended up converting the numbers until 16! But take note of how the binary numbers of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 match the previous table above. They match, right? Base-10 version Binary1 12 104 1008 100016 10000Have you noticed a pattern in writing binary numbers? No? Study the table for 1 to 16 again until you understand why in binary,""1 + 1 = 10"" and ""1 + 10 = 11""in your own way. We have been trained to read these base-10 numbers really quickly. Reading binary for humans is slower since we are used to base-10. You are now only just starting to learn how to read base-2, so it will be slow. You will get faster over time!Translating to Base-10 [ edit]The binary number for 52 is 110100. How do you read a binary number? You look at the ones column. Since it has a 0 in it, you don't add anything to the total. Then you look at the twos column. Nothing, so we move on to the next column. We have a 1 in the fours column, so we add 4 to the total (total is 4). Skipping the eights column since it has a 0, we have come to a 1 in the sixteens column. We add 16 to the total (total is 20). Last, we have a 1 in the thirty-twos column. We add this to our total (total is 52). We're done! We now have the number 52 as our total. The basics of reading a base-2 number is add each columns value to the total if there is a 1 in it. You don't have to multiply like you do in base-10 to get the total (like the 5 in the tens column from the above base-10 example), which can speed up your reading of base-2 numbers. Let's look at that in a table. Binary digit Column Binary digit's value0 1 00 2 01 4 40 8 01 16 161 32 32Total 52Now let's look at another number. Finding a Mystery Number [ edit]The binary number is 1011, but we don't know what it is. Let's go through the column-reading process to find out what the number is. The ones column has a 1 in it, so we add 1 x 1 to the total (total is 1). The twos column has a 1 in it, so we add 1 x 2 to the total (total is 3). The fours column has a 0 in it, so we add 0 x 4 to the total (total is still 3). The eights column has a 1 in it, so we add 1 x 8 to the total (total is 11). We are done, so the total is the answer. The answer is 11! Here are some more numbers for you to work out.10111111000110100101000Memory [ edit]Computers remember everything in binary. For example, if your name is ""GEORGE"" then the computer has some special binary word to store your name with only 0s and 1s. This is just like using sign language. Every combination of gestures can mean a special word or number. Exactly in this manner, the computer has a different set of combinations for each letter or digit. A few examples: G is stored as ""0100 0111""E is stored as ""0100 0101""Bits and Bytes [ edit]A bit defines a binary (dual) state (On or Off, 0 or 1, True or False) which can not be broken into more smaller units. The name is short for binary digit, like the '1' in the binary number '10' (representing decimal '2') in a similar fashion to how a decimal digit (number that can have 10 distinct values in the default decimal base reference) work, for instance the '9' and '8' that are part of the '98' decimal number. A byte is eight bits put together or a group of 8 bits. Why eight? It has to do with remembering letters, which you shall read later. See also: Book: Wikijunior: How Things Work "
|
[
"\"Wikijunior: How Things Work/Binary Numbers< Wikijunior: How Things Work This is the latest reviewed version, checked on 25 February 2018.",
"Quality: minimalnavigation search Contents1 What is Binary?2 Why do we use Binary?3 Binary Notation4 Translating to Base-105 Finding a Mystery Number5.1 Memory6 Bits and Bytes What is Binary?",
"[ edit]We, humans, use 10 different digits - 0 to 9 - to construct any number.",
"For example,15, 987630, 100, 99, 6 and so on.",
"This is called the decimal number system and has base 10, which means that this number system has 10 different digits to construct a number.",
"But computers do not understand the decimal number system.",
"Actually it's not their fault!",
"We humans have created them that way!",
"Unlike humans, the insides of computers know only 2 digits - 0 and 1, because in the simplest electrical systems, electricity can only be \"\"on\"\" or \"\"off.\"\"",
"So, it's called the binary number system and has base 2.",
"(\"\"Bi\"\" means \"\"2\"\".)",
"All the numbers are constructed with only 2 digits - 0 and 1.",
"A digit in binary (that's a 0 or a 1) is also called a bit – which means bi nary digi t. Computers use this number system to add, subtract, multiply, divide and do all their other maths.",
"They even save data in the form of bits - well, they group them together into chunks of 8 bits.",
"And don't forget, this chunk of 8 bits is called a byte.",
"This book will teach you how binary works, why computers use it, and how they use it.",
"Why do we use Binary?",
"[ edit]In normal maths, we don't use binary.",
"We were taught to use our normal number system.",
"Binary is much easier to do math in than normal numbers because you only are using two symbols - 1 and 0 instead of ten symbols - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.",
"Computers use binary because they can only read and store an on or off charge.",
"So, using 0 as \"\"off\"\" and 1 as \"\"on,\"\" we can use numbers in electrical wiring.",
"Think of it as this - if you had one color for every math symbol (0 to 9), you'd have ten colors.",
"That's a lot of colors to memorize, but you have done it anyway.",
"If you were limited to only black and white, you'd only have two colors.",
"It would be so much easier to memorize, but you would need to make a new way of writing down numbers.",
"Binary is just that - a new way to record and use numbers which is true.",
"Binary Notation [ edit]In school, you were taught that we have a ones, tens, hundreds columns and so on (they multiply by 10).",
"Binary also has columns, but they aren't ones and tens.",
"The columns in binary are... Binary ... 100 0000 10 0000 1 0000 1000 100 10 1Base-10* version ... 64 32 16 8 4 2 1* Normal, decimal numbers are called base-10, because there are 10 symbols that we use.",
"Binary is called base-2, because it uses two symbols.",
"So what makes binary so easy?",
"The answer lies in how we read the number.",
"If we had the number 52, we have a 2 in the ones column, adding 2 times 1 to the total (2).",
"We have a 5 in the 10s column, multiply that together and get 50, adding that to the total.",
"Our total number is 52, like we expect.",
"In binary, though, this is way simpler if you know how to read it fast.",
"How about 3?",
"How do you write the number 3 from the base-10 into a base-2 number?",
"What about the rest?",
"Let's try writing the normal numbers from 1 to 10 in binary form, shall we?",
"Base-10 Binary1 12 103 114 1005 1016 1107 1118 10009 100110 101011 101112 110013 110114 111015 111116 10000We said we'd write only the numbers from 1 to 10 into binary numbers, but look at that table!",
"It was so easy, we ended up converting the numbers until 16!",
"But take note of how the binary numbers of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 match the previous table above.",
"They match, right?",
"Base-10 version Binary1 12 104 1008 100016 10000Have you noticed a pattern in writing binary numbers?",
"No?",
"Study the table for 1 to 16 again until you understand why in binary,\"\"1 + 1 = 10\"\" and \"\"1 + 10 = 11\"\"in your own way.",
"We have been trained to read these base-10 numbers really quickly.",
"Reading binary for humans is slower since we are used to base-10.",
"You are now only just starting to learn how to read base-2, so it will be slow.",
"You will get faster over time!Translating to Base-10 [ edit]The binary number for 52 is 110100.",
"How do you read a binary number?",
"You look at the ones column.",
"Since it has a 0 in it, you don't add anything to the total.",
"Then you look at the twos column.",
"Nothing, so we move on to the next column.",
"We have a 1 in the fours column, so we add 4 to the total (total is 4).",
"Skipping the eights column since it has a 0, we have come to a 1 in the sixteens column.",
"We add 16 to the total (total is 20).",
"Last, we have a 1 in the thirty-twos column.",
"We add this to our total (total is 52).",
"We're done!",
"We now have the number 52 as our total.",
"The basics of reading a base-2 number is add each columns value to the total if there is a 1 in it.",
"You don't have to multiply like you do in base-10 to get the total (like the 5 in the tens column from the above base-10 example), which can speed up your reading of base-2 numbers.",
"Let's look at that in a table.",
"Binary digit Column Binary digit's value0 1 00 2 01 4 40 8 01 16 161 32 32Total 52Now let's look at another number.",
"Finding a Mystery Number [ edit]The binary number is 1011, but we don't know what it is.",
"Let's go through the column-reading process to find out what the number is.",
"The ones column has a 1 in it, so we add 1 x 1 to the total (total is 1).",
"The twos column has a 1 in it, so we add 1 x 2 to the total (total is 3).",
"The fours column has a 0 in it, so we add 0 x 4 to the total (total is still 3).",
"The eights column has a 1 in it, so we add 1 x 8 to the total (total is 11).",
"We are done, so the total is the answer.",
"The answer is 11!",
"Here are some more numbers for you to work out.10111111000110100101000Memory [ edit]Computers remember everything in binary.",
"For example, if your name is \"\"GEORGE\"\" then the computer has some special binary word to store your name with only 0s and 1s.",
"This is just like using sign language.",
"Every combination of gestures can mean a special word or number.",
"Exactly in this manner, the computer has a different set of combinations for each letter or digit.",
"A few examples: G is stored as \"\"0100 0111\"\"E is stored as \"\"0100 0101\"\"Bits and Bytes [ edit]A bit defines a binary (dual) state (On or Off, 0 or 1, True or False) which can not be broken into more smaller units.",
"The name is short for binary digit, like the '1' in the binary number '10' (representing decimal '2') in a similar fashion to how a decimal digit (number that can have 10 distinct values in the default decimal base reference) work, for instance the '9' and '8' that are part of the '98' decimal number.",
"A byte is eight bits put together or a group of 8 bits.",
"Why eight?",
"It has to do with remembering letters, which you shall read later.",
"See also: Book: Wikijunior: How Things Work \""
] |
D3180153
|
https://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/diabetic-foot-ulcers/
|
Diabetic foot ulcer
|
Home » Topics A–Z » Diabetic foot ulcer Diabetic foot ulcer Author: Vanessa Ngan, Staff Writer, 2003. What is a diabetic foot ulcer? Diabetic foot ulcers are sores on the feet that occur in 15% of diabetic patients some time during their lifetime. The risk of lower-extremity amputation is increased 8-fold in these patients once an ulcer develops. They occur in type 1 and in type 2 diabetes mellitus. What causes a diabetic foot ulcer? A diabetic foot ulcer is caused by neuropathic (nerve) and vascular (blood vessel) complications of diabetes. Nerve damage due to diabetes causes altered or complete loss of feeling in the foot and/or leg. This is known as peripheral neuropathy. Pressure from shoes, cuts, bruises, or any injury to the foot may go unnoticed. The loss of protective sensation stops the patient from being warned that the skin is being injured and may result in skin loss, blisters and ulcers. Vascular disease is also a major problem in diabetes and especially affects very small blood vessels feeding the skin (microangiopathy). In this situation a doctor may find normal pulses in the feet because the arteries are unaffected. However other diabetic patients may also have narrowed arteries so that no pulse can be found in the feet ( ischaemia ). The lack of healthy blood flow may lead to ulceration. Wound healing is also impaired. Vascular disease is aggravated by smoking. What are the signs and symptoms of diabetic foot ulcer? It is not unusual for patients to have had diabetic foot ulcers for some time before presenting to a health professional, because they are frequently painless. Depending on severity, a diabetic foot ulcer may be rated between 0 and 3.0: at risk foot with no ulceration 1: superficial ulceration with no infection 2: deep ulceration exposing tendons and joints 3: extensive ulceration or abscesses Tissue around the ulcer may become black due to the lack of healthy blood flow to the foot. In severe cases partial or complete gangrene may occur. Skin complications of diabetes Diabetics are also very prone to secondary infection of the ulcer (wound infection) and surrounding skin ( cellulitis ). What is the management of diabetic foot ulcer? Management of diabetic foot ulcer is primarily aimed at prevention. Strategies include: Optimise diabetes control to reduce neuropathic and vascular complications Smoking cessation Preventive skin and nail care: examine the skin of both feet carefully and trim toenails regularly. Prompt treatment of athlete's foot, cracked heel or dermatitis. Comfortable footwear: properly fitting soft shoes or made-to-measure insoles Regular and frequent foot examination. Once an ulcer has developed, the cause should be determined. Is it neuropathic, vascular or both? Neuropathic ulcer must be protected from further injury until they heal, and strenuous efforts must be made to avoid another ulcer by wearing correct footwear. Vascular or ischaemic ulcer should be evaluated by a vascular surgeon to determine the extent of damage and whether surgery is necessary; in severe cases this may entail partial amputation of the limb. Whatever the cause of the ulcer, any dead tissue of the surface should be debrided (removed), the wound cleansed with antiseptic or superoxided solution, and synthetic wound dressings applied to ensure a moist environment. Honey dressings may also be useful. Expert advice should be obtained, as the best dressing will depend on the type of ulcer and stage of healing. Infection should be prevented with careful wound care and regular inspection. Antibiotics may be prescribed if there is significant infection resulting in cellulitis. Related Information On Derm Net NZDiabetic skin disease Ulcers and erosions Venous leg ulcer Arterial ulcer Synthetic wound dressings Other websites Compression Therapy in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Management: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-effectiveness and Guidelines. Rapid Response Report: Summary with Critical Appraisal. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2014 Oct 15. Footcare for people with diabetes – National Institute for Care and Health Excellence Medscape Reference: Diabetic Foot Diabetic Ulcers Diabetic Foot Infections Books about the skin See the Derm Net NZ bookstore.
|
[
"Home » Topics A–Z » Diabetic foot ulcer Diabetic foot ulcer Author: Vanessa Ngan, Staff Writer, 2003.",
"What is a diabetic foot ulcer?",
"Diabetic foot ulcers are sores on the feet that occur in 15% of diabetic patients some time during their lifetime.",
"The risk of lower-extremity amputation is increased 8-fold in these patients once an ulcer develops.",
"They occur in type 1 and in type 2 diabetes mellitus.",
"What causes a diabetic foot ulcer?",
"A diabetic foot ulcer is caused by neuropathic (nerve) and vascular (blood vessel) complications of diabetes.",
"Nerve damage due to diabetes causes altered or complete loss of feeling in the foot and/or leg.",
"This is known as peripheral neuropathy.",
"Pressure from shoes, cuts, bruises, or any injury to the foot may go unnoticed.",
"The loss of protective sensation stops the patient from being warned that the skin is being injured and may result in skin loss, blisters and ulcers.",
"Vascular disease is also a major problem in diabetes and especially affects very small blood vessels feeding the skin (microangiopathy).",
"In this situation a doctor may find normal pulses in the feet because the arteries are unaffected.",
"However other diabetic patients may also have narrowed arteries so that no pulse can be found in the feet ( ischaemia ).",
"The lack of healthy blood flow may lead to ulceration.",
"Wound healing is also impaired.",
"Vascular disease is aggravated by smoking.",
"What are the signs and symptoms of diabetic foot ulcer?",
"It is not unusual for patients to have had diabetic foot ulcers for some time before presenting to a health professional, because they are frequently painless.",
"Depending on severity, a diabetic foot ulcer may be rated between 0 and 3.0: at risk foot with no ulceration 1: superficial ulceration with no infection 2: deep ulceration exposing tendons and joints 3: extensive ulceration or abscesses Tissue around the ulcer may become black due to the lack of healthy blood flow to the foot.",
"In severe cases partial or complete gangrene may occur.",
"Skin complications of diabetes Diabetics are also very prone to secondary infection of the ulcer (wound infection) and surrounding skin ( cellulitis ).",
"What is the management of diabetic foot ulcer?",
"Management of diabetic foot ulcer is primarily aimed at prevention.",
"Strategies include: Optimise diabetes control to reduce neuropathic and vascular complications Smoking cessation Preventive skin and nail care: examine the skin of both feet carefully and trim toenails regularly.",
"Prompt treatment of athlete's foot, cracked heel or dermatitis.",
"Comfortable footwear: properly fitting soft shoes or made-to-measure insoles Regular and frequent foot examination.",
"Once an ulcer has developed, the cause should be determined.",
"Is it neuropathic, vascular or both?",
"Neuropathic ulcer must be protected from further injury until they heal, and strenuous efforts must be made to avoid another ulcer by wearing correct footwear.",
"Vascular or ischaemic ulcer should be evaluated by a vascular surgeon to determine the extent of damage and whether surgery is necessary; in severe cases this may entail partial amputation of the limb.",
"Whatever the cause of the ulcer, any dead tissue of the surface should be debrided (removed), the wound cleansed with antiseptic or superoxided solution, and synthetic wound dressings applied to ensure a moist environment.",
"Honey dressings may also be useful.",
"Expert advice should be obtained, as the best dressing will depend on the type of ulcer and stage of healing.",
"Infection should be prevented with careful wound care and regular inspection.",
"Antibiotics may be prescribed if there is significant infection resulting in cellulitis.",
"Related Information On Derm Net NZDiabetic skin disease Ulcers and erosions Venous leg ulcer Arterial ulcer Synthetic wound dressings Other websites Compression Therapy in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Management: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-effectiveness and Guidelines.",
"Rapid Response Report: Summary with Critical Appraisal.",
"Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2014 Oct 15.",
"Footcare for people with diabetes – National Institute for Care and Health Excellence Medscape Reference: Diabetic Foot Diabetic Ulcers Diabetic Foot Infections Books about the skin See the Derm Net NZ bookstore."
] |
D3229302
|
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000335.htm
|
Metabolic acidosis
|
Metabolic acidosis Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids. Causes Metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid. It can also occur when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body. There are several types of metabolic acidosis. Diabetic acidosis develops when acidic substances, known as ketone bodies, build up in the body. This most often occurs with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes. It is also called diabetic ketoacidosis and DKA. Hyperchloremic acidosis results from excessive loss of sodium bicarbonate from the body. This can occur with severe diarrhea. Lactic acidosis results from a buildup of lactic acid. It can be caused by: Alcohol Cancer Exercising intensely Liver failure Medicines, such as salicylates Prolonged lack of oxygen from shock, heart failure, or severe anemia Seizures Other causes of metabolic acidosis include: Kidney disease (distal renal tubular acidosis and proximal renal tubular acidosis)Poisoning by aspirin, ethylene glycol (found in antifreeze), or methanol Severe dehydration Click to Keep Reading Metabolic Disorders Read more NIH Medline Plus Magazine Read more Health Topics A-ZRead more
|
[
"Metabolic acidosis Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids.",
"Causes Metabolic acidosis occurs when the body produces too much acid.",
"It can also occur when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.",
"There are several types of metabolic acidosis.",
"Diabetic acidosis develops when acidic substances, known as ketone bodies, build up in the body.",
"This most often occurs with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes.",
"It is also called diabetic ketoacidosis and DKA.",
"Hyperchloremic acidosis results from excessive loss of sodium bicarbonate from the body.",
"This can occur with severe diarrhea.",
"Lactic acidosis results from a buildup of lactic acid.",
"It can be caused by: Alcohol Cancer Exercising intensely Liver failure Medicines, such as salicylates Prolonged lack of oxygen from shock, heart failure, or severe anemia Seizures Other causes of metabolic acidosis include: Kidney disease (distal renal tubular acidosis and proximal renal tubular acidosis)Poisoning by aspirin, ethylene glycol (found in antifreeze), or methanol Severe dehydration Click to Keep Reading Metabolic Disorders Read more NIH Medline Plus Magazine Read more Health Topics A-ZRead more"
] |
D2571704
|
http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/25/politics/secret-service-trump-tower/index.html
|
Secret Service considering renting a floor at Trump Tower to protect future first family
|
"Secret Service considering renting a floor at Trump Tower to protect future first family By Pamela Brown, Shimon Prokupecz and Julian Cummings, CNNUpdated 4:03 PM ET, Sat November 26, 2016JUST WATCHEDSecret Service may rent floor at Trump Tower Replay MUST WATCHTrump hails nations with drug death penalty Trump: Bump stocks will be gone Trump has unusual ways of talking about race Trump slams Oprah, calls her insecure Trump praises ex-aide accused of abuse What Trump thinks about his predecessors Trump cites player's death in immigration tweet Trump's I'm-joking-but-not-really strategy Secret Service may rent floor at Trump Tower President Trump mocks being presidential Trump admin overturns ban on trophy imports Trump: China's Xi is president for life Trump insults NBC News anchor Chuck Todd The war between Trump and Alec Baldwin Here's Trump's 2020 campaign slogan NYT: Trump using Kelly to push out Ivanka Trump hails nations with drug death penalty Trump: Bump stocks will be gone Trump has unusual ways of talking about race Trump slams Oprah, calls her insecure Trump praises ex-aide accused of abuse What Trump thinks about his predecessors Trump cites player's death in immigration tweet Trump's I'm-joking-but-not-really strategy Secret Service may rent floor at Trump Tower President Trump mocks being presidential Trump admin overturns ban on trophy imports Trump: China's Xi is president for life Trump insults NBC News anchor Chuck Todd The war between Trump and Alec Baldwin Here's Trump's 2020 campaign slogan NYT: Trump using Kelly to push out Ivanka Story highlights A law enforcement official says security plans would differ if the Trumps lived at the White House full time Trump Tower is owned by Trump Corporation, so the USSS may rent space from Trump's company (CNN) The US Secret Service is considering renting one floor in Trump Tower to protect President-elect Donald Trump and his family by turning it into a 24-7 command post, a law enforcement official told CNN Friday. According to Jared Horowitz, who is with Newmark Grubb Knight Frank and responsible for available commercial space at Trump Tower, the floors available to rent with the average floor office space running between 13,500 square feet to 15,500 square feet cost about $1.5 million a year. The law enforcement official says the current plans for security at Trump Tower would differ if the future first family were living at the White House full time and Trump's wife Melania and their son Barron were not staying behind in New York City through the Spring. Once the Trumps live at the White House full time the USSS will have to reassess what kind of a security presence will be needed at Trump Tower, depending on how often Trump and his family return to New York City. The official says this kind of planning is typical for the Secret Service after every election but ""what is unordinary is that the President Elect lives on 5th Avenue. ""What is also unprecedented is that the building is owned by the Trump Corporation so the USSS would be renting the space from Trump's company for protecting him and his family. Donald Trump's first 100 days: A breakdown of his plan The official said a lot of details still need to be ironed out and the security plan is ""evolving every day."" As of now, this official adds more than 100 USSS personnel would be needed for the 24-7 shifts to protect the future First Family. New York City Police Department would also be a part of the security detail, mostly being used to secure the streets around the building. A separate law enforcement official said the number of NYPD cops protecting Trump Tower could grow to 300 at a cost of about $1 million a day. The official saying a separate command might be needed just to focus on security for the future President. The USSS would be primarily responsible for protecting the residence and the NYPD primarily responsible for outside security. Who could be in Trump's Cabinet? Ron Kessler, an expert on the US Secret Service, says it is ""standard for the Secret Service to have these kinds of costs."" It's a practice that he says goes back at least to Richard Nixon administration. And he says that in the end it may actually ""save the government money"" because without renting space agents working to protect the President-elect could be staying in hotels. By renting at Trump Tower they can live in the building during the Trump presidency. Kessler says he is not sure who negotiates the real estate contracts but that Government's General Services Administration could be involved. Kessler says VP Joe Biden has a habit if traveling back and forth between Washington and Wilmington, Delaware, several times a week, which has increased costs of his protection. The USSS declined to comment on security precautions being taken for Trump and his family. The New York Post first reported that the USSS was eying two floors at Trump Tower to provide security for the President-elect and his family. CNN's Joe Johns contributed to this report. Content by Lending Tree Experts are urging Americans to refinance in 2018Pay off your house with this insane trick How much could you save by refinancing? Eliminate your debt: refinance to a 15 yr fixed Mortgage Payoff Trick Eliminates Up to 15 Years of Payments Paid Partner Content My Finance Two savings accounts that pay 10 times what your bank pays Bankrate CD rates skyrocket - Lock in your rate today My Finance How to 10x your savings with these new accounts Furthermore from Equinox5 minutes to better sleep The Motley Fool Bitcoin up 30,000X -- here's your backdoor in "
|
[
"\"Secret Service considering renting a floor at Trump Tower to protect future first family By Pamela Brown, Shimon Prokupecz and Julian Cummings, CNNUpdated 4:03 PM ET, Sat November 26, 2016JUST WATCHEDSecret Service may rent floor at Trump Tower Replay MUST WATCHTrump hails nations with drug death penalty Trump: Bump stocks will be gone Trump has unusual ways of talking about race Trump slams Oprah, calls her insecure Trump praises ex-aide accused of abuse What Trump thinks about his predecessors Trump cites player's death in immigration tweet Trump's I'm-joking-but-not-really strategy Secret Service may rent floor at Trump Tower President Trump mocks being presidential Trump admin overturns ban on trophy imports Trump: China's Xi is president for life Trump insults NBC News anchor Chuck Todd The war between Trump and Alec Baldwin Here's Trump's 2020 campaign slogan NYT: Trump using Kelly to push out Ivanka Trump hails nations with drug death penalty Trump: Bump stocks will be gone Trump has unusual ways of talking about race Trump slams Oprah, calls her insecure Trump praises ex-aide accused of abuse What Trump thinks about his predecessors Trump cites player's death in immigration tweet Trump's I'm-joking-but-not-really strategy Secret Service may rent floor at Trump Tower President Trump mocks being presidential Trump admin overturns ban on trophy imports Trump: China's Xi is president for life Trump insults NBC News anchor Chuck Todd The war between Trump and Alec Baldwin Here's Trump's 2020 campaign slogan NYT: Trump using Kelly to push out Ivanka Story highlights A law enforcement official says security plans would differ if the Trumps lived at the White House full time Trump Tower is owned by Trump Corporation, so the USSS may rent space from Trump's company (CNN) The US Secret Service is considering renting one floor in Trump Tower to protect President-elect Donald Trump and his family by turning it into a 24-7 command post, a law enforcement official told CNN Friday.",
"According to Jared Horowitz, who is with Newmark Grubb Knight Frank and responsible for available commercial space at Trump Tower, the floors available to rent with the average floor office space running between 13,500 square feet to 15,500 square feet cost about $1.5 million a year.",
"The law enforcement official says the current plans for security at Trump Tower would differ if the future first family were living at the White House full time and Trump's wife Melania and their son Barron were not staying behind in New York City through the Spring.",
"Once the Trumps live at the White House full time the USSS will have to reassess what kind of a security presence will be needed at Trump Tower, depending on how often Trump and his family return to New York City.",
"The official says this kind of planning is typical for the Secret Service after every election but \"\"what is unordinary is that the President Elect lives on 5th Avenue.",
"\"\"What is also unprecedented is that the building is owned by the Trump Corporation so the USSS would be renting the space from Trump's company for protecting him and his family.",
"Donald Trump's first 100 days: A breakdown of his plan The official said a lot of details still need to be ironed out and the security plan is \"\"evolving every day.\"\"",
"As of now, this official adds more than 100 USSS personnel would be needed for the 24-7 shifts to protect the future First Family.",
"New York City Police Department would also be a part of the security detail, mostly being used to secure the streets around the building.",
"A separate law enforcement official said the number of NYPD cops protecting Trump Tower could grow to 300 at a cost of about $1 million a day.",
"The official saying a separate command might be needed just to focus on security for the future President.",
"The USSS would be primarily responsible for protecting the residence and the NYPD primarily responsible for outside security.",
"Who could be in Trump's Cabinet?",
"Ron Kessler, an expert on the US Secret Service, says it is \"\"standard for the Secret Service to have these kinds of costs.\"\"",
"It's a practice that he says goes back at least to Richard Nixon administration.",
"And he says that in the end it may actually \"\"save the government money\"\" because without renting space agents working to protect the President-elect could be staying in hotels.",
"By renting at Trump Tower they can live in the building during the Trump presidency.",
"Kessler says he is not sure who negotiates the real estate contracts but that Government's General Services Administration could be involved.",
"Kessler says VP Joe Biden has a habit if traveling back and forth between Washington and Wilmington, Delaware, several times a week, which has increased costs of his protection.",
"The USSS declined to comment on security precautions being taken for Trump and his family.",
"The New York Post first reported that the USSS was eying two floors at Trump Tower to provide security for the President-elect and his family.",
"CNN's Joe Johns contributed to this report.",
"Content by Lending Tree Experts are urging Americans to refinance in 2018Pay off your house with this insane trick How much could you save by refinancing?",
"Eliminate your debt: refinance to a 15 yr fixed Mortgage Payoff Trick Eliminates Up to 15 Years of Payments Paid Partner Content My Finance Two savings accounts that pay 10 times what your bank pays Bankrate CD rates skyrocket - Lock in your rate today My Finance How to 10x your savings with these new accounts Furthermore from Equinox5 minutes to better sleep The Motley Fool Bitcoin up 30,000X -- here's your backdoor in \""
] |
D137577
|
https://www.arkansas.com/travel-tools/weather-in-arkansas/
|
Get an idea of the Arkansas weather forecast for your next vacation
|
"Get an idea of the Arkansas weather forecast for your next vacation Get the current local Arkansas radar weather forecast from the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism. Arkansas weather is mild and typically pleasant. No matter what time of year you plan on visiting Arkansas, you'll find The Natural State offering beautiful scenic views and plenty of opportunities for outdoor adventure. With four distinct, yet temperate, seasons, Arkansas is the perfect year-round vacation destination. Spring and fall are particularly mild with hot and humid days in late summer and during winter months when temperatures occasionally dip into the teens or below, especially with wind chill. Mount Magazine Fall Color The Arkansas weather forecast often changes dramatically due to surrounding weather influences. When two or more weather systems merge, clouds form, temperature changes and precipitation often follows. Arkansas's central location allows weather systems from all directions to influence its climate. Select a month below to view Arkansas weather averages based on previous years. This information is intended for general planning purposes only – data varies by region and can change year-to-year. Please contact the National Weather Bureau at (501) 834-0308 or visit www.weather.com for an up-to-date Arkansas weather forecast before you start your trip. January | February | March | April | May | June | July August | September | October | November | December January Average maximum temperature: 49.5°FAverage minimum temperature: 28.8°FAverage precipitation: 3.1 inches Average snowfall: 2.3 inches North/northeasterly winds January temperatures often fall below the average minimum and occasionally drop to the 0 range. January is usually the heaviest snowfall month. By most standards, January road conditions are good; however, during early morning and late evening hours, ice patches are common. This is particularly true in rural areas due to low traffic volumes. Severe ice storms and freezing rain occur most frequently during the month of January. February Average maximum temperature: 51.8°FAverage minimum temperature: 31.8°FAverage precipitation: 3.3 inches Average snowfall: 1.4 inches Northwesterly winds February is similar to January with occasional variations in low temperatures and icy road conditions. March Average maximum temperature: 62.5°FAverage minimum temperature: 40.2°FAverage precipitation: 4.8 inches Average snowfall: 0.5 inches West/southwesterly winds March gradually signals the beginnings of spring; however, it is common to see one last snowfall. During the latter part of the month, leaves and flower buds begin opening to welcome the warmer temperatures. April Average maximum temperature: 73.6°FAverage minimum temperature: 50.3°FAverage precipitation: 5.5 inches Southwesterly winds April is considered to be the first true spring month with more consistent warmer temperatures. April also has the highest average rainfall and occasional potential for tornadoes. This early spring period is the time when the cabin fever blues of winter are washed away by spring showers and sunshine. May Average maximum temperature: 80.1°FAverage minimum temperature: 58.7°FAverage precipitation: 6.5 inches Northwesterly winds May is one of the most popular months in Arkansas for traveling. The weather is moderate, early wildflowers are abundant, and trees are beginning to show plenty of new growth. Rivers, streams, and waterfalls swell with heavy flows from spring rains and provide many photo opportunities. June Average maximum temperature: 89.5°FAverage minimum temperature: 68.3°FAverage precipitation: 3.3 inches Southwesterly winds June is the month when the heat and humidity of the sunny summer days begin to be noticeable. Temperatures still remain fairly moderate, skies are mostly clear and participation in outdoor activities remains high. The early part of the month is usually quite pleasant. Back to top July Average maximum temperature: 91.7°FAverage minimum temperature: 70.4°FAverage precipitation: 3.8 inches Southwesterly winds The old saying ""Hot as a Fourth of July firecracker"" applies particularly toward the end of the month. Highs can reach triple-digit temperatures for short periods. Late July through early September generally signals a marked decrease in strenuous outdoor activities. This is a time when water sports are certainly the most popular activities. Be sure to apply sunscreen to block harmful UV rays from the sun when outdoors. August Average maximum temperature: 91.7°FAverage minimum temperature: 69.1°FAverage precipitation: 3.4 inches Southerly winds August is generally known to be the ""pinnacle"" of summer heat and humidity. Temperatures frequently reach the triple-digit range and humidity levels can become quite high. September Average maximum temperature: 85.5°FAverage minimum temperature: 61.6°FAverage precipitation: 3.0 inches South/southeasterly winds September is the slow transition from summer heat to the cooler weather of autumn. During the first half of the month, summer usually tends to drag on; however, pleasant conditions usually prevail by the last week of the month. October Average maximum temperature: 74.5°FAverage minimum temperature: 49.3°FAverage precipitation: 3.5 inches North/northeasterly winds October truly signals the beginning of autumn. Fall colors begin to appear in the Ozarks and other northern sections of the state by the second week in October and continue slowly southward. Mid to late October generally provides peak fall color in the northern portions of Arkansas. October and November are two of the most popular months for visitors due to the beautiful fall colors and favorable weather. November Average maximum temperature: 61.2°FAverage minimum temperature: 33.5°FAverage precipitation: 5.3 inches Average snowfall: 0.3 inches Northwesterly winds Light frost starts to become common during this month. The first of November is generally peak fall color in the central to southern parts of the state. As the month progresses, cold can begin to set in. December Average maximum temperature: 53.3°FAverage minimum temperature: 34.3°FAverage precipitation: 4.9 inches Average snowfall: 0.8 inches Northwesterly winds December signals the beginning of the winter chill with heavy frosts becoming quite common. This is the preferred winter month for those who prefer colder weather. Back to top "
|
[
"\"Get an idea of the Arkansas weather forecast for your next vacation Get the current local Arkansas radar weather forecast from the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism.",
"Arkansas weather is mild and typically pleasant.",
"No matter what time of year you plan on visiting Arkansas, you'll find The Natural State offering beautiful scenic views and plenty of opportunities for outdoor adventure.",
"With four distinct, yet temperate, seasons, Arkansas is the perfect year-round vacation destination.",
"Spring and fall are particularly mild with hot and humid days in late summer and during winter months when temperatures occasionally dip into the teens or below, especially with wind chill.",
"Mount Magazine Fall Color The Arkansas weather forecast often changes dramatically due to surrounding weather influences.",
"When two or more weather systems merge, clouds form, temperature changes and precipitation often follows.",
"Arkansas's central location allows weather systems from all directions to influence its climate.",
"Select a month below to view Arkansas weather averages based on previous years.",
"This information is intended for general planning purposes only – data varies by region and can change year-to-year.",
"Please contact the National Weather Bureau at (501) 834-0308 or visit www.weather.com for an up-to-date Arkansas weather forecast before you start your trip.",
"January | February | March | April | May | June | July August | September | October | November | December January Average maximum temperature: 49.5°FAverage minimum temperature: 28.8°FAverage precipitation: 3.1 inches Average snowfall: 2.3 inches North/northeasterly winds January temperatures often fall below the average minimum and occasionally drop to the 0 range.",
"January is usually the heaviest snowfall month.",
"By most standards, January road conditions are good; however, during early morning and late evening hours, ice patches are common.",
"This is particularly true in rural areas due to low traffic volumes.",
"Severe ice storms and freezing rain occur most frequently during the month of January.",
"February Average maximum temperature: 51.8°FAverage minimum temperature: 31.8°FAverage precipitation: 3.3 inches Average snowfall: 1.4 inches Northwesterly winds February is similar to January with occasional variations in low temperatures and icy road conditions.",
"March Average maximum temperature: 62.5°FAverage minimum temperature: 40.2°FAverage precipitation: 4.8 inches Average snowfall: 0.5 inches West/southwesterly winds March gradually signals the beginnings of spring; however, it is common to see one last snowfall.",
"During the latter part of the month, leaves and flower buds begin opening to welcome the warmer temperatures.",
"April Average maximum temperature: 73.6°FAverage minimum temperature: 50.3°FAverage precipitation: 5.5 inches Southwesterly winds April is considered to be the first true spring month with more consistent warmer temperatures.",
"April also has the highest average rainfall and occasional potential for tornadoes.",
"This early spring period is the time when the cabin fever blues of winter are washed away by spring showers and sunshine.",
"May Average maximum temperature: 80.1°FAverage minimum temperature: 58.7°FAverage precipitation: 6.5 inches Northwesterly winds May is one of the most popular months in Arkansas for traveling.",
"The weather is moderate, early wildflowers are abundant, and trees are beginning to show plenty of new growth.",
"Rivers, streams, and waterfalls swell with heavy flows from spring rains and provide many photo opportunities.",
"June Average maximum temperature: 89.5°FAverage minimum temperature: 68.3°FAverage precipitation: 3.3 inches Southwesterly winds June is the month when the heat and humidity of the sunny summer days begin to be noticeable.",
"Temperatures still remain fairly moderate, skies are mostly clear and participation in outdoor activities remains high.",
"The early part of the month is usually quite pleasant.",
"Back to top July Average maximum temperature: 91.7°FAverage minimum temperature: 70.4°FAverage precipitation: 3.8 inches Southwesterly winds The old saying \"\"Hot as a Fourth of July firecracker\"\" applies particularly toward the end of the month.",
"Highs can reach triple-digit temperatures for short periods.",
"Late July through early September generally signals a marked decrease in strenuous outdoor activities.",
"This is a time when water sports are certainly the most popular activities.",
"Be sure to apply sunscreen to block harmful UV rays from the sun when outdoors.",
"August Average maximum temperature: 91.7°FAverage minimum temperature: 69.1°FAverage precipitation: 3.4 inches Southerly winds August is generally known to be the \"\"pinnacle\"\" of summer heat and humidity.",
"Temperatures frequently reach the triple-digit range and humidity levels can become quite high.",
"September Average maximum temperature: 85.5°FAverage minimum temperature: 61.6°FAverage precipitation: 3.0 inches South/southeasterly winds September is the slow transition from summer heat to the cooler weather of autumn.",
"During the first half of the month, summer usually tends to drag on; however, pleasant conditions usually prevail by the last week of the month.",
"October Average maximum temperature: 74.5°FAverage minimum temperature: 49.3°FAverage precipitation: 3.5 inches North/northeasterly winds October truly signals the beginning of autumn.",
"Fall colors begin to appear in the Ozarks and other northern sections of the state by the second week in October and continue slowly southward.",
"Mid to late October generally provides peak fall color in the northern portions of Arkansas.",
"October and November are two of the most popular months for visitors due to the beautiful fall colors and favorable weather.",
"November Average maximum temperature: 61.2°FAverage minimum temperature: 33.5°FAverage precipitation: 5.3 inches Average snowfall: 0.3 inches Northwesterly winds Light frost starts to become common during this month.",
"The first of November is generally peak fall color in the central to southern parts of the state.",
"As the month progresses, cold can begin to set in.",
"December Average maximum temperature: 53.3°FAverage minimum temperature: 34.3°FAverage precipitation: 4.9 inches Average snowfall: 0.8 inches Northwesterly winds December signals the beginning of the winter chill with heavy frosts becoming quite common.",
"This is the preferred winter month for those who prefer colder weather.",
"Back to top \""
] |
D3013476
|
https://caloriebee.com/diets/The-Military-DietSafe-or-Not
|
The Military Diet . . . Safe or Not?
|
Calorie Bee » Diets » Weight Loss Diets The Military Diet . . . Safe or Not? Updated on April 1, 2016Cecily Holt more Contact Author We've all heard of fad diets, diets flashing in bright, shiny letters: Lose 10 lbs fast! And sure enough there are many people who attempt them everyday. One in particular I would like to survey is The Military Diet, also known as The Grapefruit Diet or The Coffee Diet. The synopsis of the diet is simple: Eat a strict 3-day menu and take the other 4 days of the week off to eat as you normally would. Following this routine is supposed to allow the dieter to lose up to 10 lbs per week. Sounds pretty simple, right? For anyone who has dieted before, it's not an easy game. Eating a salad with little dressing, while all your friends chow down Big Macs can be downright miserable, especially the first week or so while you're starving your butt off. It's really no surprise that fad diets were created. Everyone wants an easier, faster route to lose those last few pounds before the big wedding day or prom, but is there any truth to them. Well sure, theoretically. Each person is different, for instance someone who is 50 lbs overweight is going to have an easier go of it losing 5 lbs on a diet faster than say somebody who is 10 lbs overweight. So back to the question at hand: Is the Military Diet codswallop, or is there actually some truth to the claim? Have Fad Diets Helped You Lose Weight? Yes, they absolutely work. No doubt. I saw some progress, could have just been water weight though. I lost weight at first, but ended up gaining it back after stopping the diet. No, these diets don't work at all for me. See results The Menu . . . Can You Handle It? What strikes me the most about this diet is lack of propaganda. This is one of the only diets I know of that doesn't claim that a product they created is going to be your miracle weight loss solution. All of the menu items on this list can be bought at your local grocer for around 20 bucks. The menu, as seen below is very simple to make. Day One Breakfast1 slice of whole wheat toast1/2 grapefruit1 cup coffee or tea (caffeinated)Lunch1 slice of whole wheat bread or toast1/2 cup tuna1 cup coffee or tea (caffeinated)Dinner3 ounces of ANY meat (about the size of a deck of cards)1 cup green beans1/2 banana1 small apple1 cup of vanilla ice cream (Does NOT have to be sugar-free)Day Two Breakfast1 egg (cooked how you like)1 slice of whole wheat toast1/2 banana Coffee or Tea Lunch1 cup cottage cheese1 hard-boiled egg5 saltine crackers Dinner2 hot dogs (no bun)1/2 cup carrots1 cup broccoli1/2 banana1 cup vanilla ice cream Day Three Breakfast1 slice cheddar cheese1 small apple5 saltine crackerscoffee or tea Lunch1 slice whole wheat bread or toast1 egg (cooked how you like)Dinner1 cup tuna1/2 banana1 cup vanilla ice cream (Source: http://themilitarydiet.com/military-diet-plan/)The Trick The menu items above don't seem too unhealthy, right? So let's break it down. The grapefruit in the diet is supposed to adjust your p H levels, bringing your liver in high gear to start breaking down fats. The proteins from the peanut butter and meats require more energy for your body to burn. The apples you eat on the diet have pectin in them, which supposedly limits the amount of fat your cells store. Sure these things may help a bit, but when it comes down to it, it's always about the calories. 1 pound of fat is made up of 3500 calories. The Military Diet only consists of consuming around 1000 calories during the 3-day menu. Add the fact that usually even a mostly sedentary person can burn 1000 calories a day and the diet will most definitely work. Keeping those pounds that you lost once you stop the diet however can present a bit of a challenge. If you read on the website, it will tell you that this diet is considered a form of fasting. Any diet where you consume 1000 calories or less a day is a form of fasting. When you go from consuming 2000 or more calories a day, and suddenly cut your intake in half, it's going to shock your system a bit and this can boost your metabolism and cause weight loss. On the diet, to achieve maximum results, the dieter is told to only drink water, coffee, or tea. This will also, to be blunt, make you pee more, which is going to reduce the amount of water weight your body will hold in. So all in all, yes the diet can work, but how about keeping the weight off? For the other 4 days of the week, you're encouraged to eat as you normally would. Well, that could be a recipe for failure. Many people will over-compensate for the lack of calories they consumed while on the diet. The best way to really keep this weight loss off is going to be to follow a 1500-2000 calorie diet, and making sure to burn the calories you consume. Some Warnings With any diet, you should always contact a doctor before beginning. Making sure your body can handle this kind of diet is incredibly important. If you begin to feel sick, dizzy, or too weak, discontinue the diet IMMEDIATELYAlways give your body a break from exercise, your body needs at least 1 day a week to recuperate after intense dieting or working out. Make sure to stretch before and after working out, as keeping limber muscles will help to avoid muscle strains and spasms.20 minutes a day of walking is considered great exercise for those who are unable to do high-intensity workouts. Work up to a goal, if you are new to working out, start at low-intensity. When you can do that without getting too winded or needing a break, it's time to take it to the next level. You'll be up to high-intensity in no time!A Testimonial After having my son, I had some unwanted weight leftover to lose. I had heard of this diet in the past and decided to give it a try. I went to the grocery, pumped up and ready to diet my booty off. I bought all the items and began the diet the very next day. Day One The first day of the diet wasn't bad at all. I rationed my food, knowing that I only had a certain amount I could eat for that day. I went to bed that night feeling light and fit. Day Two The next morning, I felt like an empty pit. I woke up to my stomach growling so I guzzled a cold bottle of water to try to fill what seemed to be the giant empty black hole in my belly. The small breakfast, along with the water and coffee seemed to take the edge off my hunger. As the day progressed and I kept myself busy, I found it a bit easier to stop thinking about the huge Caramel Frappucino I would love to down. I finished out the day and went to bed, still feeling hungry but hoping that I had lost some weight. Day Three The third day is without a doubt the hardest. My body felt weak and I felt tired most of the day. Results The day after I finished, the first thing I did was go weigh myself, and TA-DA! I had lost 5 pounds!I was super happy, but I made the mistake of over-compensating what I lacked in calories those few days. The next week I weighed and had gained 2 of the pounds back. My Long-Term Plan I did the diet every week for an entire month, and during the diet itself, I rarely had enough energy to do a high-powered workout, so I took those three days off and the rest of the week I ate around 1700 calories a day and worked out. I found that seemed to be the ticket. In one month I lost 23 pounds. As the month progressed each time I followed the diet, I would see a bit less of weight loss. Naturally my body was getting used to it. So if I had any advice at all for someone looking to attempt this diet, I would suggest trying the diet every week for a month, then giving yourself a month off of it. This diet, for me personally, gave me some structure. After finishing it, the next month I gave myself some restrictions, but I also gave myself one day a week to where I could have pretty much whatever I wanted. I think if you allow yourself a bit of a reward here and there, you're more likely to keep it up and not feel miserable.3 Day Military Diet - Day 3Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 2:11Words of Advice Any diet is difficult, even this one. Always have a feel for how your body is doing. It will tell you if you're able to handle it or not. If this diet doesn't work for you, there are always more ways to lose weight. Don't get discouraged and give up. Allow the failures of past diets teach you the ways of the future. Remember, water is key to fitness. Drinking at least 8 glasses of water a day will help to rinse your system. Finding 20 minutes a day to work out IS possible, maybe not everyday, but try for a few times a week to start. Losing weight is not easy. It will take time but the more time it takes, usually the longer it will stay off. Lastly, dieting is changing your lifestyle, but don't let that make you think you can't have a splurge day here and there. Food is one of the simplest pleasures of life. Denying yourself completely is cruel. A word from the author: If you don't hear it from someone today: Keep it up! You can do it! You're stronger than your cravings! And lastly, You're beautiful no matter what!
|
[
"Calorie Bee » Diets » Weight Loss Diets The Military Diet .",
".",
".",
"Safe or Not?",
"Updated on April 1, 2016Cecily Holt more Contact Author We've all heard of fad diets, diets flashing in bright, shiny letters: Lose 10 lbs fast!",
"And sure enough there are many people who attempt them everyday.",
"One in particular I would like to survey is The Military Diet, also known as The Grapefruit Diet or The Coffee Diet.",
"The synopsis of the diet is simple: Eat a strict 3-day menu and take the other 4 days of the week off to eat as you normally would.",
"Following this routine is supposed to allow the dieter to lose up to 10 lbs per week.",
"Sounds pretty simple, right?",
"For anyone who has dieted before, it's not an easy game.",
"Eating a salad with little dressing, while all your friends chow down Big Macs can be downright miserable, especially the first week or so while you're starving your butt off.",
"It's really no surprise that fad diets were created.",
"Everyone wants an easier, faster route to lose those last few pounds before the big wedding day or prom, but is there any truth to them.",
"Well sure, theoretically.",
"Each person is different, for instance someone who is 50 lbs overweight is going to have an easier go of it losing 5 lbs on a diet faster than say somebody who is 10 lbs overweight.",
"So back to the question at hand: Is the Military Diet codswallop, or is there actually some truth to the claim?",
"Have Fad Diets Helped You Lose Weight?",
"Yes, they absolutely work.",
"No doubt.",
"I saw some progress, could have just been water weight though.",
"I lost weight at first, but ended up gaining it back after stopping the diet.",
"No, these diets don't work at all for me.",
"See results The Menu .",
".",
".",
"Can You Handle It?",
"What strikes me the most about this diet is lack of propaganda.",
"This is one of the only diets I know of that doesn't claim that a product they created is going to be your miracle weight loss solution.",
"All of the menu items on this list can be bought at your local grocer for around 20 bucks.",
"The menu, as seen below is very simple to make.",
"Day One Breakfast1 slice of whole wheat toast1/2 grapefruit1 cup coffee or tea (caffeinated)Lunch1 slice of whole wheat bread or toast1/2 cup tuna1 cup coffee or tea (caffeinated)Dinner3 ounces of ANY meat (about the size of a deck of cards)1 cup green beans1/2 banana1 small apple1 cup of vanilla ice cream (Does NOT have to be sugar-free)Day Two Breakfast1 egg (cooked how you like)1 slice of whole wheat toast1/2 banana Coffee or Tea Lunch1 cup cottage cheese1 hard-boiled egg5 saltine crackers Dinner2 hot dogs (no bun)1/2 cup carrots1 cup broccoli1/2 banana1 cup vanilla ice cream Day Three Breakfast1 slice cheddar cheese1 small apple5 saltine crackerscoffee or tea Lunch1 slice whole wheat bread or toast1 egg (cooked how you like)Dinner1 cup tuna1/2 banana1 cup vanilla ice cream (Source: http://themilitarydiet.com/military-diet-plan/)The Trick The menu items above don't seem too unhealthy, right?",
"So let's break it down.",
"The grapefruit in the diet is supposed to adjust your p H levels, bringing your liver in high gear to start breaking down fats.",
"The proteins from the peanut butter and meats require more energy for your body to burn.",
"The apples you eat on the diet have pectin in them, which supposedly limits the amount of fat your cells store.",
"Sure these things may help a bit, but when it comes down to it, it's always about the calories.",
"1 pound of fat is made up of 3500 calories.",
"The Military Diet only consists of consuming around 1000 calories during the 3-day menu.",
"Add the fact that usually even a mostly sedentary person can burn 1000 calories a day and the diet will most definitely work.",
"Keeping those pounds that you lost once you stop the diet however can present a bit of a challenge.",
"If you read on the website, it will tell you that this diet is considered a form of fasting.",
"Any diet where you consume 1000 calories or less a day is a form of fasting.",
"When you go from consuming 2000 or more calories a day, and suddenly cut your intake in half, it's going to shock your system a bit and this can boost your metabolism and cause weight loss.",
"On the diet, to achieve maximum results, the dieter is told to only drink water, coffee, or tea.",
"This will also, to be blunt, make you pee more, which is going to reduce the amount of water weight your body will hold in.",
"So all in all, yes the diet can work, but how about keeping the weight off?",
"For the other 4 days of the week, you're encouraged to eat as you normally would.",
"Well, that could be a recipe for failure.",
"Many people will over-compensate for the lack of calories they consumed while on the diet.",
"The best way to really keep this weight loss off is going to be to follow a 1500-2000 calorie diet, and making sure to burn the calories you consume.",
"Some Warnings With any diet, you should always contact a doctor before beginning.",
"Making sure your body can handle this kind of diet is incredibly important.",
"If you begin to feel sick, dizzy, or too weak, discontinue the diet IMMEDIATELYAlways give your body a break from exercise, your body needs at least 1 day a week to recuperate after intense dieting or working out.",
"Make sure to stretch before and after working out, as keeping limber muscles will help to avoid muscle strains and spasms.20 minutes a day of walking is considered great exercise for those who are unable to do high-intensity workouts.",
"Work up to a goal, if you are new to working out, start at low-intensity.",
"When you can do that without getting too winded or needing a break, it's time to take it to the next level.",
"You'll be up to high-intensity in no time!A Testimonial After having my son, I had some unwanted weight leftover to lose.",
"I had heard of this diet in the past and decided to give it a try.",
"I went to the grocery, pumped up and ready to diet my booty off.",
"I bought all the items and began the diet the very next day.",
"Day One The first day of the diet wasn't bad at all.",
"I rationed my food, knowing that I only had a certain amount I could eat for that day.",
"I went to bed that night feeling light and fit.",
"Day Two The next morning, I felt like an empty pit.",
"I woke up to my stomach growling so I guzzled a cold bottle of water to try to fill what seemed to be the giant empty black hole in my belly.",
"The small breakfast, along with the water and coffee seemed to take the edge off my hunger.",
"As the day progressed and I kept myself busy, I found it a bit easier to stop thinking about the huge Caramel Frappucino I would love to down.",
"I finished out the day and went to bed, still feeling hungry but hoping that I had lost some weight.",
"Day Three The third day is without a doubt the hardest.",
"My body felt weak and I felt tired most of the day.",
"Results The day after I finished, the first thing I did was go weigh myself, and TA-DA!",
"I had lost 5 pounds!I was super happy, but I made the mistake of over-compensating what I lacked in calories those few days.",
"The next week I weighed and had gained 2 of the pounds back.",
"My Long-Term Plan I did the diet every week for an entire month, and during the diet itself, I rarely had enough energy to do a high-powered workout, so I took those three days off and the rest of the week I ate around 1700 calories a day and worked out.",
"I found that seemed to be the ticket.",
"In one month I lost 23 pounds.",
"As the month progressed each time I followed the diet, I would see a bit less of weight loss.",
"Naturally my body was getting used to it.",
"So if I had any advice at all for someone looking to attempt this diet, I would suggest trying the diet every week for a month, then giving yourself a month off of it.",
"This diet, for me personally, gave me some structure.",
"After finishing it, the next month I gave myself some restrictions, but I also gave myself one day a week to where I could have pretty much whatever I wanted.",
"I think if you allow yourself a bit of a reward here and there, you're more likely to keep it up and not feel miserable.3 Day Military Diet - Day 3Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available.",
"Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 2:11Words of Advice Any diet is difficult, even this one.",
"Always have a feel for how your body is doing.",
"It will tell you if you're able to handle it or not.",
"If this diet doesn't work for you, there are always more ways to lose weight.",
"Don't get discouraged and give up.",
"Allow the failures of past diets teach you the ways of the future.",
"Remember, water is key to fitness.",
"Drinking at least 8 glasses of water a day will help to rinse your system.",
"Finding 20 minutes a day to work out IS possible, maybe not everyday, but try for a few times a week to start.",
"Losing weight is not easy.",
"It will take time but the more time it takes, usually the longer it will stay off.",
"Lastly, dieting is changing your lifestyle, but don't let that make you think you can't have a splurge day here and there.",
"Food is one of the simplest pleasures of life.",
"Denying yourself completely is cruel.",
"A word from the author: If you don't hear it from someone today: Keep it up!",
"You can do it!",
"You're stronger than your cravings!",
"And lastly, You're beautiful no matter what!"
] |
D2841542
|
https://www.healthtap.com/user_questions/46700-how-old-do-you-have-to-be-to-get-lasik-surgery
|
How old do you have to be to get lasik surgery?
|
Dr. Asim Piracha Ophthalmology1 doctor agrees In brief: FDA approval is 18. Fda approval is 18 years and a stable refraction (no significant changes over a year). Ideally 21 and older with a stable refraction. Thank Dr. Jay Bradley Ophthalmology - LASIK Surgery In brief: Age for LASIKLasik can be performed at 18-20 years of age as long as the glasses prescription is stable. Thank Dr. Federico Mattioli Ophthalmology - LASIK Surgery In brief: 18-21Fda approval for some lasik lasers is 18 years old and other lasers 21 years old. A stable prescription is also a considering factor for surgery. Thank Dr. Sarah Kohl Travel Medicine In brief: 18Lasik eye surgery is fda approved for people who are at least 18. In addition your eye glass prescription should be stable for 2 years prior to considering lasik. Some eye conditions make lasik not a good option. Your eye doctor is best able to help you decide when and if you are candidtate for lasik. Thank
|
[
"Dr. Asim Piracha Ophthalmology1 doctor agrees In brief: FDA approval is 18.",
"Fda approval is 18 years and a stable refraction (no significant changes over a year).",
"Ideally 21 and older with a stable refraction.",
"Thank Dr. Jay Bradley Ophthalmology - LASIK Surgery In brief: Age for LASIKLasik can be performed at 18-20 years of age as long as the glasses prescription is stable.",
"Thank Dr. Federico Mattioli Ophthalmology - LASIK Surgery In brief: 18-21Fda approval for some lasik lasers is 18 years old and other lasers 21 years old.",
"A stable prescription is also a considering factor for surgery.",
"Thank Dr. Sarah Kohl Travel Medicine In brief: 18Lasik eye surgery is fda approved for people who are at least 18.",
"In addition your eye glass prescription should be stable for 2 years prior to considering lasik.",
"Some eye conditions make lasik not a good option.",
"Your eye doctor is best able to help you decide when and if you are candidtate for lasik.",
"Thank"
] |
D823138
|
http://www.webmd.boots.com/healthy-eating/high-fibre-food
|
High-fibre foods: Top 10 natural sources of dietary fibre
|
Font size: A A AShare this: High-fibre foods: Top 10 natural sources of dietary fibre Fibre is important for digestive health, and because it makes you feel full, it can help with weight loss. The NHS advises having 30g of fibre a day, but most people only eat far less. So how can you get more healthy fibre into your diet? Here are 10 good sources of fibre: Beans. All beans are good, whether baked beans, beans like kidney beans in chilli or beans in salads. Half a tin of baked beans (200g) is 7g of fibre. Wholegrain and wholemeal. Skip white bread and pasta, look out for wholegrain and wholemeal on the labels. Brown or wholegrain rice. White rice doesn't offer as much fibre. Keep your finger on the pulses. As well as beans, chickpeas and lentils are full of fibre, high in protein and low fat. Nuts. Almonds, pecans, and walnuts have more fibre than other nuts. Jacket potato - the skin is the important bit. A small baked potato has 3g fibre. Dried fruit. If fresh fruit isn’t available, dried fruit offers a fibre-full snack. A 50g portion of dried figs is 4g fibre. Bran based cereal and other healthy cereal options. To count as high-fibre food, it has to contain at least 6g of fibre per 100g. A 30g bowl of bran flakes delivers 4g of fibre. Porridge. Porridge is made from oats which are a great source of fibre. Fruit and veg. At least 5-a-day portions and the crunchier the better. A medium-sized apple alone is 2g fibre.
|
[
"Font size: A A AShare this: High-fibre foods: Top 10 natural sources of dietary fibre Fibre is important for digestive health, and because it makes you feel full, it can help with weight loss.",
"The NHS advises having 30g of fibre a day, but most people only eat far less.",
"So how can you get more healthy fibre into your diet?",
"Here are 10 good sources of fibre: Beans.",
"All beans are good, whether baked beans, beans like kidney beans in chilli or beans in salads.",
"Half a tin of baked beans (200g) is 7g of fibre.",
"Wholegrain and wholemeal.",
"Skip white bread and pasta, look out for wholegrain and wholemeal on the labels.",
"Brown or wholegrain rice.",
"White rice doesn't offer as much fibre.",
"Keep your finger on the pulses.",
"As well as beans, chickpeas and lentils are full of fibre, high in protein and low fat.",
"Nuts.",
"Almonds, pecans, and walnuts have more fibre than other nuts.",
"Jacket potato - the skin is the important bit.",
"A small baked potato has 3g fibre.",
"Dried fruit.",
"If fresh fruit isn’t available, dried fruit offers a fibre-full snack.",
"A 50g portion of dried figs is 4g fibre.",
"Bran based cereal and other healthy cereal options.",
"To count as high-fibre food, it has to contain at least 6g of fibre per 100g.",
"A 30g bowl of bran flakes delivers 4g of fibre.",
"Porridge.",
"Porridge is made from oats which are a great source of fibre.",
"Fruit and veg.",
"At least 5-a-day portions and the crunchier the better.",
"A medium-sized apple alone is 2g fibre."
] |
D665809
|
http://ecg.utah.edu/lesson/3
|
3. Characteristics of the Normal ECG
|
"3. Characteristics of the Normal ECGIt is important to remember that there is a wide range of normal variability in the 12 lead ECG. The following ""normal"" ECG characteristics, therefore, are not absolute. It takes considerable ECG reading experience to discover all the normal variants. Only by following a structured ""Method of ECG Interpretation"" (Lesson II) and correlating the various ECG findings with the particular patient's clinical status will the ECG become a valuable clinical tool. Topics for Study: Measurements Rhythm Conduction Waveform description Measurements Heart Rate: 60 - 90 bpm PR Interval: 0.12 - 0.20 sec QRS Duration: 0.06 - 0.10 sec QT Interval (QT c ≤ 0.40 sec)Bazett's Formula: QT c = (QT)/Sq Root RR (in seconds)Poor Man's Guide to upper limits of QT: For HR = 70 bpm, QT ≤ 0.40 sec; for every 10 bpm increase above 70 subtract 0.02 sec, and for every 10 bpm decrease below 70 add 0.02 sec. For example: QT ≤ 0.38 @ 80 bpm QT ≤ 0.42 @ 60 bpm Frontal Plane QRS Axis: +90° to -30° (in the adult)Rhythm Normal sinus rhythm The P waves in leads I and II must be upright (positive) if the rhythm is coming from the sinus node. Conduction Normal Sino-atrial (SA), Atrio-ventricular (AV), and Intraventricular (IV) conduction Both the PR interval and QRS duration should be within the limits specified above. Waveform Description (Normal ECG is shown below - Compare its waveforms to the descriptions below)P Wave It is important to remember that the P wave represents the sequential activation of the right and left atria, and it is common to see notched or biphasic P waves of right and left atrial activation. P duration < 0.12 sec P amplitude < 2.5 mm Frontal plane P wave axis: 0° to +75°May see notched P waves in frontal plane QRS Complex The QRS represents the simultaneous activation of the right and left ventricles, although most of the QRS waveform is derived from the larger left ventricular musculature. QRS duration ≤ 0.10 sec QRS amplitude is quite variable from lead to lead and from person to person. Two determinates of QRS voltages are: Size of the ventricular chambers (i.e., the larger the chamber, the larger the voltage)Proximity of chest electrodes to ventricular chamber (the closer, the larger the voltage)Frontal plane leads: The normal QRS axis range (+90° to -30° ); this implies that the QRS be mostly positive (upright) in leads II and I. Normal q-waves reflect normal septal activation (beginning on the LV septum); they are narrow (<0.04s duration) and small (<25% the amplitude of the R wave). They are often seen in leads I and a VL when the QRS axis is to the left of +60°, and in leads II, III, a VF when the QRS axis is to the right of +60°. Septal q waves should not be confused with the pathologic Q waves of myocardial infarction. Precordial leads: (see Normal ECG )Small r-waves begin in V1 or V2 and progress in size to V5. The R-V6 is usually smaller than R-V5. In reverse, the s-waves begin in V6 or V5 and progress in size to V2. S-V1 is usually smaller than S-V2. The usual transition from S>R in the right precordial leads to R>S in the left precordial leads is V3 or V4. Small ""septal"" q-waves may be seen in leads V5 and V6. ST Segment and T wave In a sense, the term ""ST segment"" is a misnomer, because a discrete ST segment distinct from the T wave is usually absent. More often the ST-T wave is a smooth, continuous waveform beginning with the J-point (end of QRS), slowly rising to the peak of the T and followed by a rapid descent to the isoelectric baseline or the onset of the U wave. This gives rise to an asymmetrical T wave. In some normal individuals, particularly women, the T wave is symmetrical and a distinct, horizontal ST segment is present. The normal T wave is usually in the same direction as the QRS except in the right precordial leads. In the normal ECG the T wave is always upright in leads I, II, V3-6, and always inverted in lead a VR. Normal ST segment elevation: this occurs in leads with large S waves (e.g., V1-3), and the normal configuration is concave upward. ST segment elevation with concave upward appearance may also be seen in other leads; this is often called early repolarization, although it's a term with little physiologic meaning (see example of ""early repolarization"" in leads V4-6): Convex or straight upward ST segment elevation (e.g., leads II, III, a VF) is abnormal and suggests transmural injury or infarction: ST segment depression is always an abnormal finding, although often nonspecific (see ECG below)ST segment depression is often characterized as ""upsloping"", ""horizontal"", or ""downsloping"". The normal U Wave: (the most neglected of the ECG waveforms)U wave amplitude is usually < 1/3 T wave amplitude in same lead. U wave direction is the same as T wave direction in that lead. U waves are more prominent at slow heart rates and usually best seen in the right precordial leads. Origin of the U wave is thought to be related to after depolarizations which interrupt or follow repolarization. "
|
[
"\"3.",
"Characteristics of the Normal ECGIt is important to remember that there is a wide range of normal variability in the 12 lead ECG.",
"The following \"\"normal\"\" ECG characteristics, therefore, are not absolute.",
"It takes considerable ECG reading experience to discover all the normal variants.",
"Only by following a structured \"\"Method of ECG Interpretation\"\" (Lesson II) and correlating the various ECG findings with the particular patient's clinical status will the ECG become a valuable clinical tool.",
"Topics for Study: Measurements Rhythm Conduction Waveform description Measurements Heart Rate: 60 - 90 bpm PR Interval: 0.12 - 0.20 sec QRS Duration: 0.06 - 0.10 sec QT Interval (QT c ≤ 0.40 sec)Bazett's Formula: QT c = (QT)/Sq Root RR (in seconds)Poor Man's Guide to upper limits of QT: For HR = 70 bpm, QT ≤ 0.40 sec; for every 10 bpm increase above 70 subtract 0.02 sec, and for every 10 bpm decrease below 70 add 0.02 sec.",
"For example: QT ≤ 0.38 @ 80 bpm QT ≤ 0.42 @ 60 bpm Frontal Plane QRS Axis: +90° to -30° (in the adult)Rhythm Normal sinus rhythm The P waves in leads I and II must be upright (positive) if the rhythm is coming from the sinus node.",
"Conduction Normal Sino-atrial (SA), Atrio-ventricular (AV), and Intraventricular (IV) conduction Both the PR interval and QRS duration should be within the limits specified above.",
"Waveform Description (Normal ECG is shown below - Compare its waveforms to the descriptions below)P Wave It is important to remember that the P wave represents the sequential activation of the right and left atria, and it is common to see notched or biphasic P waves of right and left atrial activation.",
"P duration < 0.12 sec P amplitude < 2.5 mm Frontal plane P wave axis: 0° to +75°May see notched P waves in frontal plane QRS Complex The QRS represents the simultaneous activation of the right and left ventricles, although most of the QRS waveform is derived from the larger left ventricular musculature.",
"QRS duration ≤ 0.10 sec QRS amplitude is quite variable from lead to lead and from person to person.",
"Two determinates of QRS voltages are: Size of the ventricular chambers (i.e., the larger the chamber, the larger the voltage)Proximity of chest electrodes to ventricular chamber (the closer, the larger the voltage)Frontal plane leads: The normal QRS axis range (+90° to -30° ); this implies that the QRS be mostly positive (upright) in leads II and I.",
"Normal q-waves reflect normal septal activation (beginning on the LV septum); they are narrow (<0.04s duration) and small (<25% the amplitude of the R wave).",
"They are often seen in leads I and a VL when the QRS axis is to the left of +60°, and in leads II, III, a VF when the QRS axis is to the right of +60°.",
"Septal q waves should not be confused with the pathologic Q waves of myocardial infarction.",
"Precordial leads: (see Normal ECG )Small r-waves begin in V1 or V2 and progress in size to V5.",
"The R-V6 is usually smaller than R-V5.",
"In reverse, the s-waves begin in V6 or V5 and progress in size to V2.",
"S-V1 is usually smaller than S-V2.",
"The usual transition from S>R in the right precordial leads to R>S in the left precordial leads is V3 or V4.",
"Small \"\"septal\"\" q-waves may be seen in leads V5 and V6.",
"ST Segment and T wave In a sense, the term \"\"ST segment\"\" is a misnomer, because a discrete ST segment distinct from the T wave is usually absent.",
"More often the ST-T wave is a smooth, continuous waveform beginning with the J-point (end of QRS), slowly rising to the peak of the T and followed by a rapid descent to the isoelectric baseline or the onset of the U wave.",
"This gives rise to an asymmetrical T wave.",
"In some normal individuals, particularly women, the T wave is symmetrical and a distinct, horizontal ST segment is present.",
"The normal T wave is usually in the same direction as the QRS except in the right precordial leads.",
"In the normal ECG the T wave is always upright in leads I, II, V3-6, and always inverted in lead a VR.",
"Normal ST segment elevation: this occurs in leads with large S waves (e.g., V1-3), and the normal configuration is concave upward.",
"ST segment elevation with concave upward appearance may also be seen in other leads; this is often called early repolarization, although it's a term with little physiologic meaning (see example of \"\"early repolarization\"\" in leads V4-6): Convex or straight upward ST segment elevation (e.g., leads II, III, a VF) is abnormal and suggests transmural injury or infarction: ST segment depression is always an abnormal finding, although often nonspecific (see ECG below)ST segment depression is often characterized as \"\"upsloping\"\", \"\"horizontal\"\", or \"\"downsloping\"\".",
"The normal U Wave: (the most neglected of the ECG waveforms)U wave amplitude is usually < 1/3 T wave amplitude in same lead.",
"U wave direction is the same as T wave direction in that lead.",
"U waves are more prominent at slow heart rates and usually best seen in the right precordial leads.",
"Origin of the U wave is thought to be related to after depolarizations which interrupt or follow repolarization. \""
] |
D614679
|
http://elmcreekne.com/
|
History
|
History The Village of Elm Creek came into existence in August of 1866, when the Union Pacific Railroad came through Buffalo County. The railroad crew built their siding close to a creek that had red elm trees growing along its banks. The crew named the creek “Elm” and the siding “Elm Creek Siding”. The name just stuck as people began to settle here. The Village of Elm Creek was actually incorporated in 1887. Many of our streets are named for the original homesteaders in the area. Elm Creek is the only town by that name in the United States. Elm Creek has a population of 901 citizens, as of the 2010 census. Elm Creek has a thriving business district that employs many of our town’s citizens. Elm Creek also has a wonderful school system, and a beautiful high school addition wascompleted in 2010. Student enrollment continues to grow every year, unlike many small towns. Our football stadium and track are state of the art. The parents here are very involved and committed to our children’s activities and goals. We have a great park complete with newly re-built swimming pool and baseball fields. There are three picnic shelters by the play area for family and community events. The Elm Creek Ball Association is very active and Elm Creek is a big t-ball and baseball town. The last weekend in August Elm Creek celebrates Buffalo Stampede Days. This brings in thousands of people to partake in the weekend’s events. The festivities begin with Elm Creek Fire & Rescue sponsored parade. There are softball, volleyball, dodge ball, and horseshoe tournaments, outhouse races, a huge Show and Shine car show, mud drag races, many food venues, a bbq cook off, and a large street dance. The weekend is started off with a huge fireworks display on Friday night, that’s sponsored by the Village of Elm Creek. The weekend brings people back who’ve moved away and brings many new people every year. Elm Creek is a tight knit community that has a lot of pride. We’re proud of our way of life, our values, and our children. It’s a great place to raise a family. It’s safe and happy, and most people in Elm Creek will tell you they wouldn’t want to live anywhere else!
|
[
"History The Village of Elm Creek came into existence in August of 1866, when the Union Pacific Railroad came through Buffalo County.",
"The railroad crew built their siding close to a creek that had red elm trees growing along its banks.",
"The crew named the creek “Elm” and the siding “Elm Creek Siding”.",
"The name just stuck as people began to settle here.",
"The Village of Elm Creek was actually incorporated in 1887.",
"Many of our streets are named for the original homesteaders in the area.",
"Elm Creek is the only town by that name in the United States.",
"Elm Creek has a population of 901 citizens, as of the 2010 census.",
"Elm Creek has a thriving business district that employs many of our town’s citizens.",
"Elm Creek also has a wonderful school system, and a beautiful high school addition wascompleted in 2010.",
"Student enrollment continues to grow every year, unlike many small towns.",
"Our football stadium and track are state of the art.",
"The parents here are very involved and committed to our children’s activities and goals.",
"We have a great park complete with newly re-built swimming pool and baseball fields.",
"There are three picnic shelters by the play area for family and community events.",
"The Elm Creek Ball Association is very active and Elm Creek is a big t-ball and baseball town.",
"The last weekend in August Elm Creek celebrates Buffalo Stampede Days.",
"This brings in thousands of people to partake in the weekend’s events.",
"The festivities begin with Elm Creek Fire & Rescue sponsored parade.",
"There are softball, volleyball, dodge ball, and horseshoe tournaments, outhouse races, a huge Show and Shine car show, mud drag races, many food venues, a bbq cook off, and a large street dance.",
"The weekend is started off with a huge fireworks display on Friday night, that’s sponsored by the Village of Elm Creek.",
"The weekend brings people back who’ve moved away and brings many new people every year.",
"Elm Creek is a tight knit community that has a lot of pride.",
"We’re proud of our way of life, our values, and our children.",
"It’s a great place to raise a family.",
"It’s safe and happy, and most people in Elm Creek will tell you they wouldn’t want to live anywhere else!"
] |
D325053
|
http://www.sfu.ca/education/cels/bilingual/bilingual-corner/bill-c-24.html
|
Critical Review of the New Canadian Citizenship Law Bill C-24
|
BILINGUAL COMMENTیک نگاه انتقادی به قانون جدید شهروندی در کاناداCritical Review of th e New Canadian Citizenship Law Bill C-24By Somayeh Bahrami Somayeh is an MA Graduate of the Department of Gender, Sexuality, & Women’s Studies at Simon Fraser University. Her research is focused on the history of settlement, immigration, & citizenship in Canada; transnational migration and globalization; and Canada’s political economy and the labor market. Critical Review of the New Canadian Citizenship Law Bill C-24March 31, 2018Print Published December 2014The new citizenship Bill C-24 introduced by Chris Alexander, the current Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, passed and became law on Friday June 20 th, 2014. The new law changes the core aspect of Canadian citizenship as Chris Alexander announced: “It would remind individuals that citizenship is not a right, it’s a privilege.” With the new Bill, Citizenship Canada redefined narratives of citizenship, what it means to be a Canadian, and what can be seen as an exemplary Canadian. But the critical issue is that new changes to the requirements for Canadian citizenship are not in the right and democratic direction. First, under the old system, citizenship has always been secure. Whether born in Canada or not, once a person was granted Canadian citizenship, his/her citizenship was secure. Unless he/she obtained citizenship by fraud, no one could revoke it. Even then, a Federal Court judge made that decision after a full court hearing. Under the new law, citizenship can be rescinded for reasons other than fraud, the decision will be made by a citizenship officer, and there will be no opportunity for a live hearing or an appeal. Second, the new law divides Canadians into two classes: First-class Canadians with no other citizenship or possibility of obtaining another one, and second-class Canadians who have dual citizenship or the possibility of dual citizenship. Interestingly, one may not be aware of possessing a second citizenship. In some countries, as long as you are married to their citizen, or you have a parent or grandparent of that country, you are also a citizen of that country without applying or even knowing about it. Second-class citizens are at risk of losing their citizenship and their right to live in Canada could be taken away under certain circumstances. For example, all citizens born outside Canada (i.e. naturalized citizens) may lose their citizenship if the citizenship officer believes they do not intend to live in Canada or if they decide to move to another country to study or to work. On the other hand, Canadian-born citizens would not lose their right to citizenship under such conditions. Another distinction between the first- and second-class citizens is that second-class citizens may lose their Canadian citizenship for criminal conviction in another country. As such, even if the other country of citizenship is not democratic, second-class citizens still would lose their right to citizenship in Canada. In addition to treating Canadian citizens as first- or second-classes, the new changes to citizenship requirements will impact new immigrants of Canada adversely. First, to apply for Canadian citizenship, permanent residents now must live in Canada for four years before applying for citizenship status. Previously, permanent residents must have lived inside Canada for three years. This change means that even under emergency situations or when they need to leave Canada for reasons such as the death of a family member, new immigrants will not leave Canada or will return as soon as possible for fear that they may lose eligibility to apply for Canadian citizenship. Also, in the case of international students and foreign workers, the time spent in Canada before obtaining permanent residency is no longer valid to fulfill citizenship requirements. Second, despite the fact that it will be very challenging for many older immigrants to pass the test, under the new system, all applicants aged 14 to 64 (previously, 18 to 55) must pass language and Canada knowledge tests in English or French. Many critics suggest that the new citizenship law will ultimately weaken citizenship since the requirements are more exclusionary. Audrey Macklin, a professor of law at the University of Toronto says: “If you take the view that citizenship is a commodity, you want to make it more valuable. Then like any commodity its value increases if it’s scarce, hard to get and easy to lose.” Such a transition to view and treat citizenship as a privilege rather than a right would change the meaning of citizenship for new immigrants and non-Canadian born citizens. It means that government would reward them citizenship for “good behavior” and could take it away for “bad behavior”. This is a form of “punishment,” and in fact, an unnecessary punishment, especially when there are other avenues to deal with the so-called “bad behavior”. The introduction of citizenship as merely a privilege, and not a right comes from the negative perception that immigrants are cheaters. It constructs the idea that immigrants, refugees, foreign workers, and naturalized citizens are terrorists or criminals and need to be deported to their “home countries.”
|
[
"BILINGUAL COMMENTیک نگاه انتقادی به قانون جدید شهروندی در کاناداCritical Review of th e New Canadian Citizenship Law Bill C-24By Somayeh Bahrami Somayeh is an MA Graduate of the Department of Gender, Sexuality, & Women’s Studies at Simon Fraser University.",
"Her research is focused on the history of settlement, immigration, & citizenship in Canada; transnational migration and globalization; and Canada’s political economy and the labor market.",
"Critical Review of the New Canadian Citizenship Law Bill C-24March 31, 2018Print Published December 2014The new citizenship Bill C-24 introduced by Chris Alexander, the current Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, passed and became law on Friday June 20 th, 2014.",
"The new law changes the core aspect of Canadian citizenship as Chris Alexander announced: “It would remind individuals that citizenship is not a right, it’s a privilege.” With the new Bill, Citizenship Canada redefined narratives of citizenship, what it means to be a Canadian, and what can be seen as an exemplary Canadian.",
"But the critical issue is that new changes to the requirements for Canadian citizenship are not in the right and democratic direction.",
"First, under the old system, citizenship has always been secure.",
"Whether born in Canada or not, once a person was granted Canadian citizenship, his/her citizenship was secure.",
"Unless he/she obtained citizenship by fraud, no one could revoke it.",
"Even then, a Federal Court judge made that decision after a full court hearing.",
"Under the new law, citizenship can be rescinded for reasons other than fraud, the decision will be made by a citizenship officer, and there will be no opportunity for a live hearing or an appeal.",
"Second, the new law divides Canadians into two classes: First-class Canadians with no other citizenship or possibility of obtaining another one, and second-class Canadians who have dual citizenship or the possibility of dual citizenship.",
"Interestingly, one may not be aware of possessing a second citizenship.",
"In some countries, as long as you are married to their citizen, or you have a parent or grandparent of that country, you are also a citizen of that country without applying or even knowing about it.",
"Second-class citizens are at risk of losing their citizenship and their right to live in Canada could be taken away under certain circumstances.",
"For example, all citizens born outside Canada (i.e.",
"naturalized citizens) may lose their citizenship if the citizenship officer believes they do not intend to live in Canada or if they decide to move to another country to study or to work.",
"On the other hand, Canadian-born citizens would not lose their right to citizenship under such conditions.",
"Another distinction between the first- and second-class citizens is that second-class citizens may lose their Canadian citizenship for criminal conviction in another country.",
"As such, even if the other country of citizenship is not democratic, second-class citizens still would lose their right to citizenship in Canada.",
"In addition to treating Canadian citizens as first- or second-classes, the new changes to citizenship requirements will impact new immigrants of Canada adversely.",
"First, to apply for Canadian citizenship, permanent residents now must live in Canada for four years before applying for citizenship status.",
"Previously, permanent residents must have lived inside Canada for three years.",
"This change means that even under emergency situations or when they need to leave Canada for reasons such as the death of a family member, new immigrants will not leave Canada or will return as soon as possible for fear that they may lose eligibility to apply for Canadian citizenship.",
"Also, in the case of international students and foreign workers, the time spent in Canada before obtaining permanent residency is no longer valid to fulfill citizenship requirements.",
"Second, despite the fact that it will be very challenging for many older immigrants to pass the test, under the new system, all applicants aged 14 to 64 (previously, 18 to 55) must pass language and Canada knowledge tests in English or French.",
"Many critics suggest that the new citizenship law will ultimately weaken citizenship since the requirements are more exclusionary.",
"Audrey Macklin, a professor of law at the University of Toronto says: “If you take the view that citizenship is a commodity, you want to make it more valuable.",
"Then like any commodity its value increases if it’s scarce, hard to get and easy to lose.” Such a transition to view and treat citizenship as a privilege rather than a right would change the meaning of citizenship for new immigrants and non-Canadian born citizens.",
"It means that government would reward them citizenship for “good behavior” and could take it away for “bad behavior”.",
"This is a form of “punishment,” and in fact, an unnecessary punishment, especially when there are other avenues to deal with the so-called “bad behavior”.",
"The introduction of citizenship as merely a privilege, and not a right comes from the negative perception that immigrants are cheaters.",
"It constructs the idea that immigrants, refugees, foreign workers, and naturalized citizens are terrorists or criminals and need to be deported to their “home countries.”"
] |
D3141336
|
http://economics.about.com/od/Production-Function/ss/The-Production-Function.htm
|
Learn About the Production Function in Economics
|
"Science, Tech, Math ›Social Sciences Learn About the Production Function in Economics Share Flipboard Email Print Production Function.by Jodi Beggs Updated March 16, 2018The production function simply states the quantity of output (q) that a firm can produce as a function of the quantity of inputs to production, or . There can be a number of different inputs to production, i.e. ""factors of production,"" but they are generally designated as either capital or labor. (Technically, land is a third category of factors of production, but it's not generally included in the production function except in the context of a land-intensive business.) The particular functional form of the production function (i.e. the specific definition of f) depends on the specific technology and production processes that a firm uses. The Production Function In the short run, the amount of capital that a factory uses is generally thought to be fixed. (The reasoning is that firms must commit to a particular size of factory, office, etc. and can't easily change these decisions without a long planning period.) Therefore, the quantity of labor (L) is the only input in the short-run production function. In the long run, on the other hand, a firm has the planning horizon necessary to change not only the number of workers but the amount of capital as well, since it can move to a different size factory, office, etc. Therefore, the long-run production function has two inputs that be changed- capital (K) and labor (L). Both cases are shown in the diagram above. Note that the quantity of labor can take on a number of different units- worker-hours, worker-days, etc. The amount of capital is somewhat ambiguous in terms of units, since not all capital is equivalent, and no one wants to count a hammer the same as a forklift, for example. Therefore, the units that are appropriate for the quantity of capital will depend on the specific business and production function. The Production Function in the Short Run Because there is only one input (labor) to the short-run production function, it's pretty straightforward to depict the short-run production function graphically. As shown in the above diagram, the short-run production function puts the quantity of labor (L) on the horizontal axis (since it's the independent variable) and the quantity of output (q) on the vertical axis (since it's the dependent variable). The short-run production function has two notable features. First, the curve starts at the origin, which represents the observation that the quantity of output pretty much has to be zero if the firm hires zero workers. (With zero workers, there isn't even a guy to flip a switch to turn on the machines!) Second, the production function gets flatter as the amount of labor increases, resulting in a shape that is curved downward. Short-run production functions typically exhibit a shape like this due to the phenomenon of diminishing marginal product of labor. In general, the short-run production function slopes upwards, but it is possible for it to slope downwards if adding a worker causes him to get in everyone else's way enough such that output decreases as a result. The Production Function in the Long Run Because it has two inputs, the long-run production function is a bit more challenging to draw. One mathematical solution would be to construct a three-dimensional graph, but that is actually more complicated than is necessary. Instead, economists visualize the long-run production function on a 2-dimensional diagram by making the inputs to the production function the axes of the graph, as shown above. Technically, it doesn't matter which input goes on which axis, but it is typical to put capital (K) on the vertical axis and labor (L) on the horizontal axis. You can think of this graph as a topographical map of quantity, with each line on the graph representing a particular quantity of output. (This may seem like a familiar concept if you have already studied indifference curves !) In fact, each line on this graph is called an ""isoquant"" curve, so even the term itself has its roots in ""same"" and ""quantity."" (These curves are also crucial to the principle of cost minimization . )Why is each output quantity represented by a line and not just by a point? In the long run, there are often a number of different ways to get a particular quantity of output. If one were making sweaters, for example, one could choose to either hire a bunch of knitting grandmas or rent some mechanized knitting looms. Both approaches would make sweaters perfectly fine, but the first approach entails a lot of labor and not much capital (i.e. is labor intensive), while the second requires a lot of capital but not much labor (i.e. is capital intensive). On the graph, the labor heavy processes are represented by the points toward the bottom right of the curves, and the capital heavy processes are represented by the points toward the upper left of the curves. In general, curves that are further away from the origin correspond to larger quantities of output. (In the diagram above, this implies that q 3 is greater than q 2, which is greater than q 1 .) This is simply because curves that are further away from the origin are using more of both capital and labor in each production configuration. It is typical (but not necessary) for the curves to be shaped like the ones above, as this shape reflects the tradeoffs between capital and labor that are present in many production processes.cite "
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[
"\"Science, Tech, Math ›Social Sciences Learn About the Production Function in Economics Share Flipboard Email Print Production Function.by Jodi Beggs Updated March 16, 2018The production function simply states the quantity of output (q) that a firm can produce as a function of the quantity of inputs to production, or .",
"There can be a number of different inputs to production, i.e.",
"\"\"factors of production,\"\" but they are generally designated as either capital or labor.",
"(Technically, land is a third category of factors of production, but it's not generally included in the production function except in the context of a land-intensive business.)",
"The particular functional form of the production function (i.e.",
"the specific definition of f) depends on the specific technology and production processes that a firm uses.",
"The Production Function In the short run, the amount of capital that a factory uses is generally thought to be fixed.",
"(The reasoning is that firms must commit to a particular size of factory, office, etc.",
"and can't easily change these decisions without a long planning period.)",
"Therefore, the quantity of labor (L) is the only input in the short-run production function.",
"In the long run, on the other hand, a firm has the planning horizon necessary to change not only the number of workers but the amount of capital as well, since it can move to a different size factory, office, etc.",
"Therefore, the long-run production function has two inputs that be changed- capital (K) and labor (L).",
"Both cases are shown in the diagram above.",
"Note that the quantity of labor can take on a number of different units- worker-hours, worker-days, etc.",
"The amount of capital is somewhat ambiguous in terms of units, since not all capital is equivalent, and no one wants to count a hammer the same as a forklift, for example.",
"Therefore, the units that are appropriate for the quantity of capital will depend on the specific business and production function.",
"The Production Function in the Short Run Because there is only one input (labor) to the short-run production function, it's pretty straightforward to depict the short-run production function graphically.",
"As shown in the above diagram, the short-run production function puts the quantity of labor (L) on the horizontal axis (since it's the independent variable) and the quantity of output (q) on the vertical axis (since it's the dependent variable).",
"The short-run production function has two notable features.",
"First, the curve starts at the origin, which represents the observation that the quantity of output pretty much has to be zero if the firm hires zero workers.",
"(With zero workers, there isn't even a guy to flip a switch to turn on the machines!)",
"Second, the production function gets flatter as the amount of labor increases, resulting in a shape that is curved downward.",
"Short-run production functions typically exhibit a shape like this due to the phenomenon of diminishing marginal product of labor.",
"In general, the short-run production function slopes upwards, but it is possible for it to slope downwards if adding a worker causes him to get in everyone else's way enough such that output decreases as a result.",
"The Production Function in the Long Run Because it has two inputs, the long-run production function is a bit more challenging to draw.",
"One mathematical solution would be to construct a three-dimensional graph, but that is actually more complicated than is necessary.",
"Instead, economists visualize the long-run production function on a 2-dimensional diagram by making the inputs to the production function the axes of the graph, as shown above.",
"Technically, it doesn't matter which input goes on which axis, but it is typical to put capital (K) on the vertical axis and labor (L) on the horizontal axis.",
"You can think of this graph as a topographical map of quantity, with each line on the graph representing a particular quantity of output.",
"(This may seem like a familiar concept if you have already studied indifference curves !)",
"In fact, each line on this graph is called an \"\"isoquant\"\" curve, so even the term itself has its roots in \"\"same\"\" and \"\"quantity.\"\"",
"(These curves are also crucial to the principle of cost minimization .",
")Why is each output quantity represented by a line and not just by a point?",
"In the long run, there are often a number of different ways to get a particular quantity of output.",
"If one were making sweaters, for example, one could choose to either hire a bunch of knitting grandmas or rent some mechanized knitting looms.",
"Both approaches would make sweaters perfectly fine, but the first approach entails a lot of labor and not much capital (i.e.",
"is labor intensive), while the second requires a lot of capital but not much labor (i.e.",
"is capital intensive).",
"On the graph, the labor heavy processes are represented by the points toward the bottom right of the curves, and the capital heavy processes are represented by the points toward the upper left of the curves.",
"In general, curves that are further away from the origin correspond to larger quantities of output.",
"(In the diagram above, this implies that q 3 is greater than q 2, which is greater than q 1 .)",
"This is simply because curves that are further away from the origin are using more of both capital and labor in each production configuration.",
"It is typical (but not necessary) for the curves to be shaped like the ones above, as this shape reflects the tradeoffs between capital and labor that are present in many production processes.cite \""
] |
D1428826
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http://www.innovateus.net/science/what-are-amines
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What are Amines?
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"What are Amines? Print Email Save Image Credit: ben.mills.btinternet.co.uk Amines are organic molecules containing nitrogen and are relatives of ammonia. In amines one of the hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen is replaced with a hydrocarbon group. Depending on how many hydrogens have been replaced by the hydrocarbon group they have been classified into Primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Amines have single bonds between carbon and nitrogen. Nitrogen can form a covalent bond with three other atoms. When all three side groups are hydrogen the compound is called ammonia (NH3). When one or more of the hydrogen’s are substituted by organic groups (containing carbon) they are called “amines”. Content What is the nomenclature followed in Amines ? What are the different types of Amines? What are the properties of Amines? How are amines synthesized? What are the Applications of amines? What are the effects of amines? What is the nomenclature followed in Amines ? The nomenclature of amines follows the IUPAC as other organic chemicals. The IUPAC method follows the naming by considering the base group to be an alkane and the attached -NH2 group as the amino group. For example, CH3-NH2 in IUPAC method is, amino methane. The other way is by naming the alkyl group attached to the nitrogen in the amine. For example, CH3-NH2 in this method is named as methyl amine . The amines are found in different kinds of vital bio-molecules and significant pharmaceutical agents. They are used to make azo-dyes, many drugs and medicines which are based on amino compounds. What are the different types of Amines? There are 2 classes of amines. They are as below. Aliphatic amines: These aliphatic amines are classified into 3 types. A) Primary amines: Primary amines are formed when one of three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is substituted by an alkyl group which means the formula of the primary amine will be RNH2 where ""R"" is an alkyl group. Significant primary alkyl amines encompass methylamine (CH3NH2), ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol). B) Secondary amines: In a secondary amine, two of the hydrogen atoms in an ammonia molecule have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups. Major examples include dimethylamine, (CH3)2 NH and diethylamine. C) Tertiary amines: In a tertiary amine, all of the hydrogen atoms in an ammonia molecule have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups. The naming is analogous to secondary amines. An example of tertiary amine is trimethylamine, (CH3)3 N, that has a characteristically fishy stink. Aromatic amines: Aromatic amines are also known as Analines. These are obtained as byproducts in the manufacturing compounds of dyes, pesticides, polyurethane foams etc. They are three types of aromatic amines, the monocyclic, polycycluc and heterocyclic amines. Heterocyclic amine are formed when meat and fish are grilled. Examples are, benzidine, pyridine, 1,2 Diphenylhydrazine. What are the properties of Amines? The properties of primary and secondary amines are mainly altered by the Hydrogen bonding. The reason for the elevated boiling points of the primary amines is that they can form hydrogen bonds with each other as well as van der Waals dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions. The boiling point of the secondary amine is a little lower than the primary amine with the identical number of carbon atoms. The lower boiling point is due to the lower dipole-dipole attractions in the dimethylamine compared with ethyl amine. The boiling point of amines is usually lower than those of the alcohols. In standard conditions, methylamine and ethylamine are gases, but the analogous methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohols are liquids. Gaseous amines acquire a distinguishing ammonia smell whereas liquid amines have a characteristic ""fishy"" smell. The majority of aliphatic amines exhibit some solubility in water, because of their ability to form hydrogen bonds. Solubility decreases with the increase in the number of carbon atoms. Primary amines react with ketones such as acetone. Aliphatic amines exhibit momentous solubility in organic solvents, particularly in polar organic solvents. The aromatic amines such as aniline, do not take part in the hydrogen bonding. Due to this, their boiling points are high and their solubility in water is very low. How are amines synthesized? Alkylation : The majority of industrially important amines are synthesized by alkylation of alcohols from ammonia. These reactions need catalysts, specific equipment, and supplementary purification procedures, as the selectivity can be a difficult task. The chemical reaction that take place is,ROH + NH3 → RNH2 + H2OTreatment of Halo alkanes with amines give the resultant alkyl-substituted amine, with the discharge of a halogen acid, which sequentially reacts with the amine product as follows,RX + 2 R'NH2 → RR'NH + (RR'NH2) XHydrogenation: By hydrogenation of nitriles, an organic compound that has a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen which are reduced to amines using hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst. Lithium aluminum hydride, Li Al H4, is generally used for the reduction of nitriles in the laboratory and Li Al H4 reduces amides to amines. Several amines are produced from aldehydes and ketones through a process called “Reductive amination” that make use of either catalytic hydrogenation or stoichiometric reagents. The aromatic amine, Aniline and its derivatives are prepared by reduction of the Nitro aromatics. Hydrogen is the favored reductant, in industry level, but in the laboratory, iron and tin are the mostly used reagents. Other methods : Numerous laboratory methods are available for the preparation of amines. One such method is Gabriel synthesis. Gabriel reaction has been widespread to include the alkylation of sulfonamides and imides, followed by de protection, to produce amines. What are the Applications of amines? The industrially used amines for eliminating carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural gas streams and refinery procedure streams are aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA), diglycolamine (DGA), diethanolamine (DEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). They may also be used to eliminate CO2 from combustion gases and are likely for the reduction of greenhouse gases. Primary aromatic amines are employed as a preliminary material to produce azo dyes. It reacts with Nitric (III) acid to form diazonium salt, which can experience coupling reaction to form azo compound. They are extensively used in dyeing industries, as azo-compounds are extremely coloured. Some examples are: Methyl orange, sunset yellow FCF, Direct brown 138, etc.,Amines are used in the production of drugs and medicines too. What are the effects of amines? Many higher molecular weight amines are highly active biologically. Naturally, vital amines are amino acids which the human body utilizes to produce proteins that are very important in the biochemistry of the human body system. Low molecular weight amines are poisonous, where few are simply absorbed through the skin. Amines themselves might not be harmful but they could react with compounds to form nitrosoamines and nitramines which affect the environment and humans and animals alike. Several of the amino compounds are also known to be carcinogenic, ex, Nitrosodimethylamine is a carcinogen. In some of the industries there has been a continuous rise in bladder infection which is due to the aromatic amines but there is not enough study done on the toxicology of these amines but hopefully there will be an increase in their studies with an increase in realization of their effects. External References Orgamic Chemistry - wps.prenhall.com Uses of Amines - blurtit.com Different types of Amines - chemguide.co.uk Related Videos: "
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[
"\"What are Amines?",
"Print Email Save Image Credit: ben.mills.btinternet.co.uk Amines are organic molecules containing nitrogen and are relatives of ammonia.",
"In amines one of the hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen is replaced with a hydrocarbon group.",
"Depending on how many hydrogens have been replaced by the hydrocarbon group they have been classified into Primary, secondary and tertiary amines.",
"Amines have single bonds between carbon and nitrogen.",
"Nitrogen can form a covalent bond with three other atoms.",
"When all three side groups are hydrogen the compound is called ammonia (NH3).",
"When one or more of the hydrogen’s are substituted by organic groups (containing carbon) they are called “amines”.",
"Content What is the nomenclature followed in Amines ?",
"What are the different types of Amines?",
"What are the properties of Amines?",
"How are amines synthesized?",
"What are the Applications of amines?",
"What are the effects of amines?",
"What is the nomenclature followed in Amines ?",
"The nomenclature of amines follows the IUPAC as other organic chemicals.",
"The IUPAC method follows the naming by considering the base group to be an alkane and the attached -NH2 group as the amino group.",
"For example, CH3-NH2 in IUPAC method is, amino methane.",
"The other way is by naming the alkyl group attached to the nitrogen in the amine.",
"For example, CH3-NH2 in this method is named as methyl amine .",
"The amines are found in different kinds of vital bio-molecules and significant pharmaceutical agents.",
"They are used to make azo-dyes, many drugs and medicines which are based on amino compounds.",
"What are the different types of Amines?",
"There are 2 classes of amines.",
"They are as below.",
"Aliphatic amines: These aliphatic amines are classified into 3 types.",
"A) Primary amines: Primary amines are formed when one of three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is substituted by an alkyl group which means the formula of the primary amine will be RNH2 where \"\"R\"\" is an alkyl group.",
"Significant primary alkyl amines encompass methylamine (CH3NH2), ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol).",
"B) Secondary amines: In a secondary amine, two of the hydrogen atoms in an ammonia molecule have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups.",
"Major examples include dimethylamine, (CH3)2 NH and diethylamine.",
"C) Tertiary amines: In a tertiary amine, all of the hydrogen atoms in an ammonia molecule have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups.",
"The naming is analogous to secondary amines.",
"An example of tertiary amine is trimethylamine, (CH3)3 N, that has a characteristically fishy stink.",
"Aromatic amines: Aromatic amines are also known as Analines.",
"These are obtained as byproducts in the manufacturing compounds of dyes, pesticides, polyurethane foams etc.",
"They are three types of aromatic amines, the monocyclic, polycycluc and heterocyclic amines.",
"Heterocyclic amine are formed when meat and fish are grilled.",
"Examples are, benzidine, pyridine, 1,2 Diphenylhydrazine.",
"What are the properties of Amines?",
"The properties of primary and secondary amines are mainly altered by the Hydrogen bonding.",
"The reason for the elevated boiling points of the primary amines is that they can form hydrogen bonds with each other as well as van der Waals dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions.",
"The boiling point of the secondary amine is a little lower than the primary amine with the identical number of carbon atoms.",
"The lower boiling point is due to the lower dipole-dipole attractions in the dimethylamine compared with ethyl amine.",
"The boiling point of amines is usually lower than those of the alcohols.",
"In standard conditions, methylamine and ethylamine are gases, but the analogous methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohols are liquids.",
"Gaseous amines acquire a distinguishing ammonia smell whereas liquid amines have a characteristic \"\"fishy\"\" smell.",
"The majority of aliphatic amines exhibit some solubility in water, because of their ability to form hydrogen bonds.",
"Solubility decreases with the increase in the number of carbon atoms.",
"Primary amines react with ketones such as acetone.",
"Aliphatic amines exhibit momentous solubility in organic solvents, particularly in polar organic solvents.",
"The aromatic amines such as aniline, do not take part in the hydrogen bonding.",
"Due to this, their boiling points are high and their solubility in water is very low.",
"How are amines synthesized?",
"Alkylation : The majority of industrially important amines are synthesized by alkylation of alcohols from ammonia.",
"These reactions need catalysts, specific equipment, and supplementary purification procedures, as the selectivity can be a difficult task.",
"The chemical reaction that take place is,ROH + NH3 → RNH2 + H2OTreatment of Halo alkanes with amines give the resultant alkyl-substituted amine, with the discharge of a halogen acid, which sequentially reacts with the amine product as follows,RX + 2 R'NH2 → RR'NH + (RR'NH2) XHydrogenation: By hydrogenation of nitriles, an organic compound that has a triple bond between carbon and nitrogen which are reduced to amines using hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst.",
"Lithium aluminum hydride, Li Al H4, is generally used for the reduction of nitriles in the laboratory and Li Al H4 reduces amides to amines.",
"Several amines are produced from aldehydes and ketones through a process called “Reductive amination” that make use of either catalytic hydrogenation or stoichiometric reagents.",
"The aromatic amine, Aniline and its derivatives are prepared by reduction of the Nitro aromatics.",
"Hydrogen is the favored reductant, in industry level, but in the laboratory, iron and tin are the mostly used reagents.",
"Other methods : Numerous laboratory methods are available for the preparation of amines.",
"One such method is Gabriel synthesis.",
"Gabriel reaction has been widespread to include the alkylation of sulfonamides and imides, followed by de protection, to produce amines.",
"What are the Applications of amines?",
"The industrially used amines for eliminating carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural gas streams and refinery procedure streams are aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA), diglycolamine (DGA), diethanolamine (DEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA).",
"They may also be used to eliminate CO2 from combustion gases and are likely for the reduction of greenhouse gases.",
"Primary aromatic amines are employed as a preliminary material to produce azo dyes.",
"It reacts with Nitric (III) acid to form diazonium salt, which can experience coupling reaction to form azo compound.",
"They are extensively used in dyeing industries, as azo-compounds are extremely coloured.",
"Some examples are: Methyl orange, sunset yellow FCF, Direct brown 138, etc.,Amines are used in the production of drugs and medicines too.",
"What are the effects of amines?",
"Many higher molecular weight amines are highly active biologically.",
"Naturally, vital amines are amino acids which the human body utilizes to produce proteins that are very important in the biochemistry of the human body system.",
"Low molecular weight amines are poisonous, where few are simply absorbed through the skin.",
"Amines themselves might not be harmful but they could react with compounds to form nitrosoamines and nitramines which affect the environment and humans and animals alike.",
"Several of the amino compounds are also known to be carcinogenic, ex, Nitrosodimethylamine is a carcinogen.",
"In some of the industries there has been a continuous rise in bladder infection which is due to the aromatic amines but there is not enough study done on the toxicology of these amines but hopefully there will be an increase in their studies with an increase in realization of their effects.",
"External References Orgamic Chemistry - wps.prenhall.com Uses of Amines - blurtit.com Different types of Amines - chemguide.co.uk Related Videos: \""
] |
D130758
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http://www.swicofil.com/products/200viscose.html
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"Viscose Rayon Rayon viscoseflat filament VFY high tenacity monofilament spun yarns fibers VSF tow/tops spun yarns Introduction Properties Applications Grades Processability Background info Supplier Partner Introduction Of all the fibers, rayon is probably the most perplexing to consumers. It can be found in cotton-like end uses, as well as sumptuous velvets and taffetas. It may function successfully in absorbent hygiene and incontinence pads and equally well providing strength in tire cords. What is this fiber that has so many faces? Rayon was the first manufactured fiber. T he term rayon was officially adopted by the textile industry. Unlike most man-made fibers, rayon is not synthetic. It is made from wood pulp, a naturally-occurring, cellulose-based raw material. As a result, rayon's properties are more similar to those of natural cellulosic fibers, such as cotton or linen, than those of thermoplastic, petroleum-based synthetic fibers such as nylon or polyester. Although rayon is made from wood pulp, a relatively inexpensive and renewable resource, processing requires high water and energy use, and has contributed to air and water pollution. Modernization of manufacturing plants and processes combined with availability of raw materials has increased rayon's competitiveness in the market. History Rayon is the generic term for fiber (and the resulting yarn and fabric) manufactured of regenerated cellulose by any one of six processes. Its importance as a fiber lies in its versatility, and in the fact that it was the first viable manufactured fiber. As far back as 1664, English naturalist Robert Hooke theorized that artificial filaments might be spun from a substance similar to that which silkworms secrete to make silk. This was often tried by scientists in the ensuing years who sought an ""artificial silk"", yet no one was to succeed until in 1855 the Frenchman did so, George Audemars. By dipping a needle into a viscous solution of mulberry bark pulp and gummy rubber, he was able to make a thread. While interesting from a scientific standpoint, this process was hardly viable economically - it was very slow, and required a great deal of skill and precision. The first commercial syntheti c fiber was produced by Hilaire de Bernigaud , Count of Chardonnay (1839-1924) after 29 years of research, was patented in 1884, and manufactured by him in 1889. This cellulose-based fabric known as Chardonnay silk was pretty but very flammable, it was removed from the market. Soon after, the English chemist Charles Frederick Cross and his collaborators Edward John Bevan and Clayton Beadle discovered the viscose process in 1891 (1892?). Courtaulds Fibers produced the first commercial viscose rayon in 1905; the first in the United States was in 1910 by the American Viscose Company. Initially rayon was called ""Artificial Silk"", and many other names. In 1924 (1926? ), a committee formed by the U. S. Department of Commerce and various commercial associations decided upon the name ""rayon"". It was called ""rayon"" for one of two reasons: either because of its brightness and similarities in structure with cotton (sun = ray, -on = cotton). Or because the naming committee couldn't find a name from the thousands entered in a contest they sponsored, and who hoped to shed a ""ray of light"" on the subject (from rayon, French for ray). Properties Viscose Rayon has a silk-like aesthetic with superb drape and feel and retains its rich brilliant colors. Itscellulosic base contributes many properties similar to those of cotton or other natural cellulosic fibers. Rayon is moisture absorbent (more so than cotton), breathable, comfortable to wear, and easily dyed in vivid colors . It does not build up static electricity, nor will it pill unless the fabric is made from short, low-twist yarns. Rayon is comfortable, soft to the skin, and has moderate dry strength and abrasion resistance. Like other cellulosic fibers, it is not resilient, which means that it will wrinkle. Rayon withstands ironing temperatures slightly less than those of cotton. It may be attacked by silverfish and termites, but generally resists insect damage. It will mildew, but that generally is not a problem. One of rayon's strengths is its versatility and ability to blend easily with many fibers—sometimes to reduce cost, other times for lustre, softness, or absorbency and resulting comfort. Rayon has moderate resistance to acids and alkalis and generally the fiber itself is not damaged by bleaches; however, dyes used in the fabric may experience color change. As a cellulosic fiber, rayon will burn, but flame retardant finishes can be applied. Fiber Properties overview General Characteristics: Rayon as a cloth is soft and comfortable. It drapes well, which is one of the reasons it is so desirable as an apparel fabric. Most characteristics are variable depending on processing, additives and finishing treatments, not to mention fabric construction. Absorbency: Rayon is the most absorbent of all cellulose fibers, even more so than cotton and linen. Because of this, rayon absorbs perspiration and allows it to evaporate away from the skin, making it an excellent summer fabric. Its high absorbency applies equally to dyes, allowing beautiful, deep, rich colours. Strength: It loses a great deal of strength when wet. Because of this, it stretches and shrinks more than cotton. Abrasion resistance: Poor due to inelasticity of the fibers. It is easily damaged by scraping and will pill on the surface of the cloth. Flammability: Because of its excessive flammability, it inspired the Flammable Fabrics Act. The FFA was enacted by the U. S. Department of Commerce in 1953 in response to public concern over a number of serious burn accidents involving brushed rayon high pile sweaters (referred to as ""torch sweaters"") and children's cowboy chaps which could easily catch fire and flash burn. Static: No static build-up. Chemical reactions: Because it is a cellulose fiber, it is damaged by even relatively weak acids. Parameters Comparative Rating Cotton Viscose Polyester Comfort Moisture Regain Good Very good Poor Thermal protection Good Very good Poor Air permeability Very good Good Poor Softness Good Very good Poor Smoothness Poor Good Very good Static dissipation Good Very good Poor Aesthetic Drape Good Very good Poor Luster Poor Very good Very good Crease recovery Poor Poor Very good Uniformity Poor Very good Good Utility Performance Antipilling Good Very good Poor Wash & wear Good Poor Very good Applications Yarns: embroidery thread, chenille, cord, novelty yarns Fabrics: crepe, gabardine, suiting, lace, outerwear fabrics and linings for fur coats & outerwear. Apparel: blouses, dresses, saris, jackets, lingerie, linings, millinery (hats), slacks, sport shirts, sportswear, suits, ties, work clothes. Domestic Textiles: bedspreads, blankets, curtains, draperies, sheets, slip covers, tablecloths, upholstery. Industrial Textiles: high-tenacity rayon is used as reinforcement to mechanical rubber goods (tires, conveyor belts, hoses), applications within the aerospace, agricultural and textile industries, braided cord, tapes Various: sausage casing, cellophane Gradesflat yarnhigh tenacitymonofilamentfiberstow/topsspun yarns Types of Rayon There are four major types or modifications of rayon. Understanding each type should help clarify differences in product performance. ""Regular rayon"" has the largest market share. It is typically found in apparel and home furnishings and identified on labels by the term ""viscose."" The distinguishing property of regular rayon is its low wet strength. As a result, it becomes unstable and may stretch or shrink when wet. Dry cleaning is usually recommended to preserve the appearance of fabrics made from this fiber. If machine washed, untreated regular rayon can shrink as much as 10 percent. High Wet Modulus (HWM) rayon is a modified viscose that has virtually the same properties as regular rayon, plus high wet strength. HWM rayon can be machine washed and tumble dried and perform much like cotton in similar end uses. HWM rayon can also be mercerized, like cotton, for increased strength and lustre. The terms frequently used to describe HWM rayon in apparel include ""polynosic"" rayon or the trade name MODAL TM. High Tenacity Rayon is a modification of ""regular rayon"" to provide exceptional strength (two times that of HWM rayon). High tenacity rayon is primarily found in tire cord and industrial end uses. It may be finished, chemically coated, or rubberized for protection from moisture and potential loss of dimensional stability and strength during use. Cupramonium Rayon is another type with properties similar to those of viscose or regular rayon. The manufacturing process differs somewhat from that of regular rayon and is less environmentally friendly. As a result, cupramonium rayon is no longer produced in the United States. Other types of rayon have been developed for specialized end uses. These include disposable, non-woven markets, and high-absorption rayon fibers with moisture-holding properties for disposable diapers, hygiene and incontinence pads, as well as medical supplies. Microfibers are not a type of rayon, but rather a very fine fiber that can be manufactured from either regular or HWM rayon. Microfibers are generally less than one denier in diameter. Rayon microfibers have been successfully produced at 0.9 denier. Fabrics from microfibers are very drapable and silk-like in hand and appearance. Processability Fiber Production By using two different chemicals and manufacturing techniques, two basic types of rayon were developed - viscose rayon and cuprammonium. Other processes for rayon include the polynosic (modal) process and the now obsolete nitrocellulose and saponified acetate processes. The nitrocellulose process is likely obsolete not only because the viscose and cuprammonium processes are more effective, they are also safer; the nitrocellulose process results in a fiber with explosive properties. As recently as 1992 there has been an entirely new process developed for producing regenerated cellulose fibers: the Lyocell process, developed by Courtaulds. While it is sufficiently different from rayon to almost be in a class by itself, the U. S. Federal Trade commission has formally amended the textile rules to add Lyocell as a subclass of rayon. As viscose is the most common and recognized process for making rayon today, the process is outlined below. While the United States government considers fibers from all the above processes rayon, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) prefers the name viscose for rayon (regenerated cellulose) obtained by the viscose process. The name viscose was derived from the word viscous, which describes the liquid state of the spinning solution. Dissolution The cellulosic raw materials for rayon are wood chips (usually from spruce or pine) or cotton linters. These are treated to produce sheets of purified cellulose containing 87-98% cellulose. They are then bleached with sodium hypochloride (Na OCl) to remove natural colour. These cellulose sheets are then soaked in 18% caustic soda for 1 to 2 hours producing sheets of alkali cellulose. Any excess alkali is pressed out. The substance is broken up into flakes or grains called cellulose crumbs, which are aged for two or three days under controlled temperature and humidity. Liquid carbon disulfide is added to the crumbs to change the cellulose into cellulose xanthate, a light orange substance that is still in crumb form. These crumbs are dissolved in a weak solution of caustic soda and transformed into a viscous solution called ""viscose"", honey-like in colour and consistency. Extrusion To produce the rayon filament, the viscose solution is aged, filtered, then vacuum-treated to remove any air bubbles that could weaken the filament and cause it to break. It is then pumped through spinnerets into a bath of sulfuric acid, which coagulates the cellulose xanthate to form regenerated filaments of 100% cellulose. The many variations and different properties of viscose such as luster, strength, softness and affinity for dyes, are influenced here by varying the technique and by the addition of external materials. Purification Once extruded, the freshly formed viscose must be purified and strengthened. It is thoroughly washed, treated with a dilute solution of sodium sulfide to remove any sulfur impurities. It may be bleached to remove a slight yellowness and to secure even white colour, and then given a final washing. Fiber Structure The structure of the rayon fiber is generally that of smooth, inelastic filaments like glass rods. However, different processes, additives and finishing techniques can vary the physical appearance and structure of the fiber. Fiber Identification In the burning test, rayon most resembles cotton. It ignites rapidly, sometimes even faster than cotton, burning with a large, bright, yellow flame. Burnt rayon leaves an odor like burnt paper, similar to cotton. The ash is also like cotton: light and feathery gray, which disintegrates rapidly. In the feeling test, rayon is more difficult to identify. The variety of processes, modifications of technique and various treatments can make rayon look and feel like silk, cotton, wool or linen. In general, however, rayon has the smooth feeling of silk. It is slippery because of the smoothness of the filaments, and has an almost brittle-feeling quality due to the fiber's inelasticity. The breaking test can differentiate between rayon, cotton and linen yarns. Because of its inelasticity, rayon will tend to break shortly, with a short, uneven breaking pattern. It is even easier to distinguish when wet, as it breaks very easily then. Care of Rayon The critical element in successful care of rayon is the type of fiber. Regular or viscose rayon usually require dry cleaning for best resultshigh wet modulus, high wet strength or polynosic rayons, will normally machine wash and tumble dry satisfactorily. The low wet strength of untreated viscose rayon is likely to cause shrinkage and loss of body if fabrics made from these fibers are hand or machine washed. Viscose rayon are usually labeled ""dry clean only."" Check and follow garment labels for care and instructions. Consumers who do not follow care instructions will have no recourse to manufacturers should damage occur during laundering. Since many dyes and finishes applied to viscose rayon are moisture-sensitive, consumers should protect garments from contact with moisture. Raincoats should be worn on stormy days. Also, care should be used when washing hands or working in the kitchen to avoid splashing water. The problem with sizing or dye migration increases the longer the area remains damp. Spills or moisture should be blotted with absorbent cloth to remove moisture. Avoid spilling acid or alkali, such as foodstuffs or perfume, as certain dyes used on rayon are especially sensitive to these substances. Use caution or avoid treating stained areas with water. Take the garment to a dry cleaner for stain removal. Rings or darker shading caused by sizing migration and lighter areas resulting from dye migration may be permanent. When viscose rayon can be hand washed, do so with care. Always support wet fabrics, since rayon has low wet strength and is unstable when wet. Avoid wringing moisture from fabrics. Gently squeeze out moisture and roll in a towel. Smooth and shape, then lay flat to dry. If the garments are not too heavy when wet, they can be hung on a non-rusting hanger. When pressing regular rayon garments at home, guard against spitting by steam irons that may cause water spots. Also, if possible, press on the wrong side or use a press cloth on the right side to avoid shine or iron imprints. Use a rayon or synthetic setting on the iron. When pressing blends, use the iron temperature for the most heat-sensitive fiber. Normally, a synthetic setting will be satisfactory. High wet modulus or polynosic rayons can usually be machine washed or dried without special care. Blends, dark colors, and permanent press fabrics should be washed on a gentle cycle with warm water; however, 100 percent high wet modulus rayons are normally not damaged by hot water temperatures (more than 140°F). Tumble dry on a warm setting and remove immediately, or while slightly damp. Smooth and hang to reduce wrinkling. Polynosic rayons can be line dried; however, heavy items should be supported by clotheslines to avoid stretching or loss of shape. Background information Summary Rayon is probably the most misunderstood of all fibers. It is not a natural fiber, yet it is not synthetic. It is a fiber formed by regenerating natural materials into a usable form. Rayon fibers and fabrics made from them have many desirable properties. However, consumers sometimes expect performance characteristics beyond those for which rayon fibers were designed. Although rayon can look like wool, silk, cotton, or linen and is a manufactured fiber like polyester, this does not mean it behaves like or has the same properties or care requirements of these fibers. Rayon is a fiber on its own. Consider each garment made from rayon individually when determining use and care practices. And, always read and follow care labels for best performance. Our supplier partner Newstartex for viscose rayon filament and fibers in rawwhite and spundyed "
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[
"\"Viscose Rayon Rayon viscoseflat filament VFY high tenacity monofilament spun yarns fibers VSF tow/tops spun yarns Introduction Properties Applications Grades Processability Background info Supplier Partner Introduction Of all the fibers, rayon is probably the most perplexing to consumers.",
"It can be found in cotton-like end uses, as well as sumptuous velvets and taffetas.",
"It may function successfully in absorbent hygiene and incontinence pads and equally well providing strength in tire cords.",
"What is this fiber that has so many faces?",
"Rayon was the first manufactured fiber.",
"T he term rayon was officially adopted by the textile industry.",
"Unlike most man-made fibers, rayon is not synthetic.",
"It is made from wood pulp, a naturally-occurring, cellulose-based raw material.",
"As a result, rayon's properties are more similar to those of natural cellulosic fibers, such as cotton or linen, than those of thermoplastic, petroleum-based synthetic fibers such as nylon or polyester.",
"Although rayon is made from wood pulp, a relatively inexpensive and renewable resource, processing requires high water and energy use, and has contributed to air and water pollution.",
"Modernization of manufacturing plants and processes combined with availability of raw materials has increased rayon's competitiveness in the market.",
"History Rayon is the generic term for fiber (and the resulting yarn and fabric) manufactured of regenerated cellulose by any one of six processes.",
"Its importance as a fiber lies in its versatility, and in the fact that it was the first viable manufactured fiber.",
"As far back as 1664, English naturalist Robert Hooke theorized that artificial filaments might be spun from a substance similar to that which silkworms secrete to make silk.",
"This was often tried by scientists in the ensuing years who sought an \"\"artificial silk\"\", yet no one was to succeed until in 1855 the Frenchman did so, George Audemars.",
"By dipping a needle into a viscous solution of mulberry bark pulp and gummy rubber, he was able to make a thread.",
"While interesting from a scientific standpoint, this process was hardly viable economically - it was very slow, and required a great deal of skill and precision.",
"The first commercial syntheti c fiber was produced by Hilaire de Bernigaud , Count of Chardonnay (1839-1924) after 29 years of research, was patented in 1884, and manufactured by him in 1889.",
"This cellulose-based fabric known as Chardonnay silk was pretty but very flammable, it was removed from the market.",
"Soon after, the English chemist Charles Frederick Cross and his collaborators Edward John Bevan and Clayton Beadle discovered the viscose process in 1891 (1892?).",
"Courtaulds Fibers produced the first commercial viscose rayon in 1905; the first in the United States was in 1910 by the American Viscose Company.",
"Initially rayon was called \"\"Artificial Silk\"\", and many other names.",
"In 1924 (1926?",
"), a committee formed by the U. S. Department of Commerce and various commercial associations decided upon the name \"\"rayon\"\".",
"It was called \"\"rayon\"\" for one of two reasons: either because of its brightness and similarities in structure with cotton (sun = ray, -on = cotton).",
"Or because the naming committee couldn't find a name from the thousands entered in a contest they sponsored, and who hoped to shed a \"\"ray of light\"\" on the subject (from rayon, French for ray).",
"Properties Viscose Rayon has a silk-like aesthetic with superb drape and feel and retains its rich brilliant colors.",
"Itscellulosic base contributes many properties similar to those of cotton or other natural cellulosic fibers.",
"Rayon is moisture absorbent (more so than cotton), breathable, comfortable to wear, and easily dyed in vivid colors .",
"It does not build up static electricity, nor will it pill unless the fabric is made from short, low-twist yarns.",
"Rayon is comfortable, soft to the skin, and has moderate dry strength and abrasion resistance.",
"Like other cellulosic fibers, it is not resilient, which means that it will wrinkle.",
"Rayon withstands ironing temperatures slightly less than those of cotton.",
"It may be attacked by silverfish and termites, but generally resists insect damage.",
"It will mildew, but that generally is not a problem.",
"One of rayon's strengths is its versatility and ability to blend easily with many fibers—sometimes to reduce cost, other times for lustre, softness, or absorbency and resulting comfort.",
"Rayon has moderate resistance to acids and alkalis and generally the fiber itself is not damaged by bleaches; however, dyes used in the fabric may experience color change.",
"As a cellulosic fiber, rayon will burn, but flame retardant finishes can be applied.",
"Fiber Properties overview General Characteristics: Rayon as a cloth is soft and comfortable.",
"It drapes well, which is one of the reasons it is so desirable as an apparel fabric.",
"Most characteristics are variable depending on processing, additives and finishing treatments, not to mention fabric construction.",
"Absorbency: Rayon is the most absorbent of all cellulose fibers, even more so than cotton and linen.",
"Because of this, rayon absorbs perspiration and allows it to evaporate away from the skin, making it an excellent summer fabric.",
"Its high absorbency applies equally to dyes, allowing beautiful, deep, rich colours.",
"Strength: It loses a great deal of strength when wet.",
"Because of this, it stretches and shrinks more than cotton.",
"Abrasion resistance: Poor due to inelasticity of the fibers.",
"It is easily damaged by scraping and will pill on the surface of the cloth.",
"Flammability: Because of its excessive flammability, it inspired the Flammable Fabrics Act.",
"The FFA was enacted by the U. S. Department of Commerce in 1953 in response to public concern over a number of serious burn accidents involving brushed rayon high pile sweaters (referred to as \"\"torch sweaters\"\") and children's cowboy chaps which could easily catch fire and flash burn.",
"Static: No static build-up.",
"Chemical reactions: Because it is a cellulose fiber, it is damaged by even relatively weak acids.",
"Parameters Comparative Rating Cotton Viscose Polyester Comfort Moisture Regain Good Very good Poor Thermal protection Good Very good Poor Air permeability Very good Good Poor Softness Good Very good Poor Smoothness Poor Good Very good Static dissipation Good Very good Poor Aesthetic Drape Good Very good Poor Luster Poor Very good Very good Crease recovery Poor Poor Very good Uniformity Poor Very good Good Utility Performance Antipilling Good Very good Poor Wash & wear Good Poor Very good Applications Yarns: embroidery thread, chenille, cord, novelty yarns Fabrics: crepe, gabardine, suiting, lace, outerwear fabrics and linings for fur coats & outerwear.",
"Apparel: blouses, dresses, saris, jackets, lingerie, linings, millinery (hats), slacks, sport shirts, sportswear, suits, ties, work clothes.",
"Domestic Textiles: bedspreads, blankets, curtains, draperies, sheets, slip covers, tablecloths, upholstery.",
"Industrial Textiles: high-tenacity rayon is used as reinforcement to mechanical rubber goods (tires, conveyor belts, hoses), applications within the aerospace, agricultural and textile industries, braided cord, tapes Various: sausage casing, cellophane Gradesflat yarnhigh tenacitymonofilamentfiberstow/topsspun yarns Types of Rayon There are four major types or modifications of rayon.",
"Understanding each type should help clarify differences in product performance.",
"\"\"Regular rayon\"\" has the largest market share.",
"It is typically found in apparel and home furnishings and identified on labels by the term \"\"viscose.\"\"",
"The distinguishing property of regular rayon is its low wet strength.",
"As a result, it becomes unstable and may stretch or shrink when wet.",
"Dry cleaning is usually recommended to preserve the appearance of fabrics made from this fiber.",
"If machine washed, untreated regular rayon can shrink as much as 10 percent.",
"High Wet Modulus (HWM) rayon is a modified viscose that has virtually the same properties as regular rayon, plus high wet strength.",
"HWM rayon can be machine washed and tumble dried and perform much like cotton in similar end uses.",
"HWM rayon can also be mercerized, like cotton, for increased strength and lustre.",
"The terms frequently used to describe HWM rayon in apparel include \"\"polynosic\"\" rayon or the trade name MODAL TM.",
"High Tenacity Rayon is a modification of \"\"regular rayon\"\" to provide exceptional strength (two times that of HWM rayon).",
"High tenacity rayon is primarily found in tire cord and industrial end uses.",
"It may be finished, chemically coated, or rubberized for protection from moisture and potential loss of dimensional stability and strength during use.",
"Cupramonium Rayon is another type with properties similar to those of viscose or regular rayon.",
"The manufacturing process differs somewhat from that of regular rayon and is less environmentally friendly.",
"As a result, cupramonium rayon is no longer produced in the United States.",
"Other types of rayon have been developed for specialized end uses.",
"These include disposable, non-woven markets, and high-absorption rayon fibers with moisture-holding properties for disposable diapers, hygiene and incontinence pads, as well as medical supplies.",
"Microfibers are not a type of rayon, but rather a very fine fiber that can be manufactured from either regular or HWM rayon.",
"Microfibers are generally less than one denier in diameter.",
"Rayon microfibers have been successfully produced at 0.9 denier.",
"Fabrics from microfibers are very drapable and silk-like in hand and appearance.",
"Processability Fiber Production By using two different chemicals and manufacturing techniques, two basic types of rayon were developed - viscose rayon and cuprammonium.",
"Other processes for rayon include the polynosic (modal) process and the now obsolete nitrocellulose and saponified acetate processes.",
"The nitrocellulose process is likely obsolete not only because the viscose and cuprammonium processes are more effective, they are also safer; the nitrocellulose process results in a fiber with explosive properties.",
"As recently as 1992 there has been an entirely new process developed for producing regenerated cellulose fibers: the Lyocell process, developed by Courtaulds.",
"While it is sufficiently different from rayon to almost be in a class by itself, the U. S. Federal Trade commission has formally amended the textile rules to add Lyocell as a subclass of rayon.",
"As viscose is the most common and recognized process for making rayon today, the process is outlined below.",
"While the United States government considers fibers from all the above processes rayon, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) prefers the name viscose for rayon (regenerated cellulose) obtained by the viscose process.",
"The name viscose was derived from the word viscous, which describes the liquid state of the spinning solution.",
"Dissolution The cellulosic raw materials for rayon are wood chips (usually from spruce or pine) or cotton linters.",
"These are treated to produce sheets of purified cellulose containing 87-98% cellulose.",
"They are then bleached with sodium hypochloride (Na OCl) to remove natural colour.",
"These cellulose sheets are then soaked in 18% caustic soda for 1 to 2 hours producing sheets of alkali cellulose.",
"Any excess alkali is pressed out.",
"The substance is broken up into flakes or grains called cellulose crumbs, which are aged for two or three days under controlled temperature and humidity.",
"Liquid carbon disulfide is added to the crumbs to change the cellulose into cellulose xanthate, a light orange substance that is still in crumb form.",
"These crumbs are dissolved in a weak solution of caustic soda and transformed into a viscous solution called \"\"viscose\"\", honey-like in colour and consistency.",
"Extrusion To produce the rayon filament, the viscose solution is aged, filtered, then vacuum-treated to remove any air bubbles that could weaken the filament and cause it to break.",
"It is then pumped through spinnerets into a bath of sulfuric acid, which coagulates the cellulose xanthate to form regenerated filaments of 100% cellulose.",
"The many variations and different properties of viscose such as luster, strength, softness and affinity for dyes, are influenced here by varying the technique and by the addition of external materials.",
"Purification Once extruded, the freshly formed viscose must be purified and strengthened.",
"It is thoroughly washed, treated with a dilute solution of sodium sulfide to remove any sulfur impurities.",
"It may be bleached to remove a slight yellowness and to secure even white colour, and then given a final washing.",
"Fiber Structure The structure of the rayon fiber is generally that of smooth, inelastic filaments like glass rods.",
"However, different processes, additives and finishing techniques can vary the physical appearance and structure of the fiber.",
"Fiber Identification In the burning test, rayon most resembles cotton.",
"It ignites rapidly, sometimes even faster than cotton, burning with a large, bright, yellow flame.",
"Burnt rayon leaves an odor like burnt paper, similar to cotton.",
"The ash is also like cotton: light and feathery gray, which disintegrates rapidly.",
"In the feeling test, rayon is more difficult to identify.",
"The variety of processes, modifications of technique and various treatments can make rayon look and feel like silk, cotton, wool or linen.",
"In general, however, rayon has the smooth feeling of silk.",
"It is slippery because of the smoothness of the filaments, and has an almost brittle-feeling quality due to the fiber's inelasticity.",
"The breaking test can differentiate between rayon, cotton and linen yarns.",
"Because of its inelasticity, rayon will tend to break shortly, with a short, uneven breaking pattern.",
"It is even easier to distinguish when wet, as it breaks very easily then.",
"Care of Rayon The critical element in successful care of rayon is the type of fiber.",
"Regular or viscose rayon usually require dry cleaning for best resultshigh wet modulus, high wet strength or polynosic rayons, will normally machine wash and tumble dry satisfactorily.",
"The low wet strength of untreated viscose rayon is likely to cause shrinkage and loss of body if fabrics made from these fibers are hand or machine washed.",
"Viscose rayon are usually labeled \"\"dry clean only.\"\"",
"Check and follow garment labels for care and instructions.",
"Consumers who do not follow care instructions will have no recourse to manufacturers should damage occur during laundering.",
"Since many dyes and finishes applied to viscose rayon are moisture-sensitive, consumers should protect garments from contact with moisture.",
"Raincoats should be worn on stormy days.",
"Also, care should be used when washing hands or working in the kitchen to avoid splashing water.",
"The problem with sizing or dye migration increases the longer the area remains damp.",
"Spills or moisture should be blotted with absorbent cloth to remove moisture.",
"Avoid spilling acid or alkali, such as foodstuffs or perfume, as certain dyes used on rayon are especially sensitive to these substances.",
"Use caution or avoid treating stained areas with water.",
"Take the garment to a dry cleaner for stain removal.",
"Rings or darker shading caused by sizing migration and lighter areas resulting from dye migration may be permanent.",
"When viscose rayon can be hand washed, do so with care.",
"Always support wet fabrics, since rayon has low wet strength and is unstable when wet.",
"Avoid wringing moisture from fabrics.",
"Gently squeeze out moisture and roll in a towel.",
"Smooth and shape, then lay flat to dry.",
"If the garments are not too heavy when wet, they can be hung on a non-rusting hanger.",
"When pressing regular rayon garments at home, guard against spitting by steam irons that may cause water spots.",
"Also, if possible, press on the wrong side or use a press cloth on the right side to avoid shine or iron imprints.",
"Use a rayon or synthetic setting on the iron.",
"When pressing blends, use the iron temperature for the most heat-sensitive fiber.",
"Normally, a synthetic setting will be satisfactory.",
"High wet modulus or polynosic rayons can usually be machine washed or dried without special care.",
"Blends, dark colors, and permanent press fabrics should be washed on a gentle cycle with warm water; however, 100 percent high wet modulus rayons are normally not damaged by hot water temperatures (more than 140°F).",
"Tumble dry on a warm setting and remove immediately, or while slightly damp.",
"Smooth and hang to reduce wrinkling.",
"Polynosic rayons can be line dried; however, heavy items should be supported by clotheslines to avoid stretching or loss of shape.",
"Background information Summary Rayon is probably the most misunderstood of all fibers.",
"It is not a natural fiber, yet it is not synthetic.",
"It is a fiber formed by regenerating natural materials into a usable form.",
"Rayon fibers and fabrics made from them have many desirable properties.",
"However, consumers sometimes expect performance characteristics beyond those for which rayon fibers were designed.",
"Although rayon can look like wool, silk, cotton, or linen and is a manufactured fiber like polyester, this does not mean it behaves like or has the same properties or care requirements of these fibers.",
"Rayon is a fiber on its own.",
"Consider each garment made from rayon individually when determining use and care practices.",
"And, always read and follow care labels for best performance.",
"Our supplier partner Newstartex for viscose rayon filament and fibers in rawwhite and spundyed \""
] |
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plymouth_Prowler
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Plymouth Prowler
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"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Plymouth Prowler Overview Manufacturer Plymouth (1997-2001) Chrysler (2001–2002)Also called Chrysler Prowler Production 1997–2002Assembly Shadyside, Ohio, United States Detroit, Michigan, United States Body and chassis Class Sports car Body style 2-door roadster Layout FR layout Platform Chrysler PR platform Powertrain Engine 3.5 L EGG V6Transmission 4-speed 42LE automatic Dimensions Wheelbase 113.3 in (2,878 mm)Length 165.3 in (4,199 mm)Width 76.5 in (1,943 mm)Height 50.9 in (1,293 mm)Curb weight 2,800 lb (1,270 kg)Chronology Successor Chrysler Crossfire Purple Rear Purple Metallic Black Bright Silver Metallic Inca Gold Pearl Coat The Plymouth Prowler, later the Chrysler Prowler, is a retro-styled production car manufactured and marketed from 1997 to 2002 by Daimler Chrysler, based on the 1993 concept car of the same name. The Prowler was offered in a single generation in a front-engine, rear-drive, rear-transmission configuration — with an overall production of 11,702. Contents [ hide ]1 Design2 Features3 Performance4 Production4.1 Colors4.2 Other features4.3 Pricing5 Legacy6 References7 External links Design [ edit]Chrysler engineers were given free rein to design whatever they wanted in a "" hot rod "" or ""sportster"" type vehicle. Thomas C. Gale, Chrysler's design and international director ""love for 1930s-era hot rods inspired Chrysler's latest design triumph, the retro-styled Plymouth Prowler."" [1] Gale, ""who has a hotted up 1932 Ford in his garage, ... [approved] the rod-inspired Plymouth Prowler as the company's follow-up show-stopper to the Dodge Viper. [2] An early influence is credited to a Chrysler-sponsored project at the Art Center College of Design that resulted in a thesis by Douglas ""Chip"" Foose that included drawings of a retro-roadster. [3] Foose ""designed it as a coupe for Chrysler to begin with but modified it to a roadster version."" [4]One of the most striking design features of the Prowler are the open, Indy racer-style front wheels. The Prowler featured a powertrain from Chrysler's LH-cars, a 24-valve, 3.5 L Chrysler SOHC V6 engine producing 214 hp (160 k W; 217 PS) at 5850 rpm. For the 1999 model year, the engine was replaced with a more powerful, aluminum-block, 253 hp (189 k W; 257 PS) at 6400 rpm version of the engine. Both engines were coupled to a four-speed Autostick semi-automatic transmission. The transmission was located at the rear of the vehicle and joined to the engine by a torque tube that rotated at engine speed, an arrangement similar to that used by the C5 Corvette, Porsche 944, and Alfa Romeo 75, and helped to facilitate a desirable 50-50 front-rear weight distribution. The Prowler was the first rear-wheel drive Plymouth since the 1989 Plymouth Gran Fury and would stand as the last Plymouth model with that layout. While criticized for having only a V6 engine, Chrysler's High Output 3.5 had a horsepower rating similar to (or higher than) the company's Magnum V8s of that era. While not making nearly as much torque as a V8, Prowler's light weight helped to achieve rapid off-the-line acceleration. The car prominently featured aluminum construction, in many cases adhesively bonded, chiefly in the chassis. The body was produced in Shadyside, Ohio, and the car was assembled by hand at the Conner Avenue Assembly Plant (CAAP) in Detroit, Michigan. Features [ edit]Unlike the Dodge Viper, the Prowler was equipped with many features that allowed it to be used as a daily driver. These features included keyless entry, power windows and door locks, dual airbags, leather-trimmed bucket seats, air conditioning with manual controls, an AM/FM stereo with cassette player (a multi-disc CD changer was an available option as well) and a high-fidelity sound system, a leather-wrapped steering wheel with audio system controls mounted on the rear of the wheel, a color-keyed instrument panel bezel painted to match the exterior color of the Prowler (a similar feature found on the Chrysler PT Cruiser, which was also originally intended to be sold as a Plymouth ), digital odometer and full instrumentation, and, on later models, a speed-sensitive volume control activated via a switch mounted on the Prowler's instrument panel. Also, even though the Prowler was equipped with a small trunk, storage space was limited, especially with the roof open. Therefore, Mopar offered a ""tow-behind"" trailer that was styled to resemble the Prowler, and included matching aluminum-alloy wheels and tires, as well as being painted in the same exterior color as the Prowler. Prowlers were equipped with a trailer hitch in order to accommodate the trailer option, however, a warning was affixed to the hitch that indicated that the trailer hitch was not to be used to tow any other accessory (boats, recreational vehicles (R/V's), campers, etc.) other than the accessory trailer. By doing so, the factory warranty would be considered void. Performance [ edit]1997 model0-62 mph (0–100 km/h): 7.2 seconds [ citation needed]Top speed: 118 mph (180 km/h) electronically limited [ citation needed]1999–2002 model0-62 mph (0–100 km/h): 5.9 seconds [ citation needed]Top speed: 126 mph (190 km/h) electronically limited [ citation needed]Production [ edit]The Plymouth Prowler was produced for the 1997 and 1999-2000 model years. After the Plymouth brand was discontinued in 2001 the Prowler was sold as a Chrysler Prowler for the 2001 and 2002 model years. However, Daimler Chrysler marketed the Prowler as a Plymouth in Canada for the 2000 model year; the Prowler was the last Plymouth sold in Canada. Model year production figures1997 4571999 3,9212000 2,7462001 3,1422002 1,436Total Plymouth Prowlers 8,532Total Chrysler Prowlers 3,170Grand total 11,702The last Prowler was built on February 15, 2002, and the model niche was later filled by the Chrysler Crossfire in 2004. Colors [ edit]Across the two production runs, the Prowler was available in 12 colors: Prowler purple metallic (only color available in 1997)Prowler yellow clear coat Prowler black clear coat Prowler red clear coat Prowler bright silver metallic Woodward Edition (two-tone black-red)Black Tie Edition (two-tone black-silver)Prowler orange pearl coat Midnight blue pearl coat - Mulholland Edition Copper - Copperhead Edition Inca gold pearl coat Deep candy red pearl coat High voltage blue pearl coat - Conner Avenue Edition (only one produced, auctioned at Christie's)Other features [ edit]Wheels front: 17""x7""Wheels rear: 20""x10""Tires front: 225/45 HR17Tires rear: 295/40 HR20Brakes F/R: composite 11"" vented disc / 13"" vented disc Pricing [ edit]The original manufacturer's suggested retail price (in US$) for each model year for the Prowler:1997 - $38,3001999 - $39,3002000 - $43,0002001 - $44,2252002 - $44,625Due to limited trunk space, a $5,000 Prowler trailer option was available from Chrysler dealers. These trailers resembled the back end of a Prowler and had smaller versions of the five-spoke wheels found on the car. They could be ordered to match a car's factory color. Legacy [ edit]A 1999 Plymouth Prowler at the Vintage Grill & Car Museum in Weatherford, Texas Other retro-styled vehicles followed the Prowler, including the Chrysler PT Cruiser, Chevrolet 's SSR, HHR, and the 2010 Camaro, Ford's 2002 Thunderbird and 2005 Mustang, as well as the 2008 Dodge Challenger. [ citation needed]In 1998, a Plymouth Prowler was sealed in a mausoleum as a time capsule in Tulsa, Oklahoma. While similar in concept to the buried 1957 Plymouth Belvedere that formerly resided near the courthouse, the buried Prowler was sealed in Centennial Park in an above-ground vault and sealed within a plastic box instead of plastic sheets that covered the Belvedere. Experts believe the Prowler has a better chance of looking how it did when it was sealed when the time capsule is opened in 2048, when it will be returned to Chrysler. [5]In 1999 at the Specialty Equipment Market Association 's annual car show in Las Vegas, Nevada, Chrysler unveiled the Plymouth Howler concept. Inspired by hot rod trucks, and based on the Prowler, the Howler featured a small, truck-like bed with a tailgate and hard tonneau cover. Under the hood, an adapted version of Jeep 's new 4.7 L Power Tech V8 engine replaced the production model's 3.5 L V6. A Borg-Warner five-speed manual replaced the production four-speed automatic. In 2004, Chrysler introduced the Chrysler PT Cruiser Convertible, which was a two-door, four-passenger version of its popular PT Cruiser Wagon with a shorter roof line and a power-retractable soft convertible roof. The PT Cruiser Convertible went on sale in the spring of 2004 as an early 2005 model year vehicle. The car was restyled with slightly revised exterior styling and a new interior in 2006, and then was subsequently discontinued after the 2008 model year (The PT Cruiser (Wagon) itself was discontinued entirely in 2010). Chrysler Corporation hosted a 10th-anniversary celebration on August 16, 2007, at the Walter P. Chrysler Museum in Auburn Hills, Michigan, to commemorate the production of the Plymouth Prowler in 1997. References [ edit]^ ""Can Chrysler Keep It Up?"". Businessweek. November 24, 1996. Retrieved 15 November 2015.^ ""Design"". Bulletin with Newsweek. 115: 38. 1993. Retrieved 15 November 2015.^ ""Retro design"". Automobile. 14: 302. 1999. Retrieved 15 November 2015.^ Bertilsson, Bo (2006). Rods and Customs. Motorbooks. p. 130. ISBN 9780760324035. Retrieved 15 November 2015.^ ""Centennial Park & Central Senior Center"". Tulsa Walk.com. Retrieved 15 November 2015. External links [ edit]Media related to Plymouth Prowler at Wikimedia Commons Media related to Chrysler Prowler at Wikimedia Commons [ show]v t e Plymouth [ show]v t e« previous — Plymouth road car timeline, 1970s–2001, United States market [ show]v t e« previous — Chrysler car timeline, 1970–present Categories: Plymouth vehicles Plymouth concept vehicles Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Cars introduced in 1997Sports cars Roadsters 1990s automobiles 2000s automobiles Retro-style automobiles "
|
[
"\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article needs additional citations for verification.",
"Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.",
"Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.",
"(November 2015) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Plymouth Prowler Overview Manufacturer Plymouth (1997-2001) Chrysler (2001–2002)Also called Chrysler Prowler Production 1997–2002Assembly Shadyside, Ohio, United States Detroit, Michigan, United States Body and chassis Class Sports car Body style 2-door roadster Layout FR layout Platform Chrysler PR platform Powertrain Engine 3.5 L EGG V6Transmission 4-speed 42LE automatic Dimensions Wheelbase 113.3 in (2,878 mm)Length 165.3 in (4,199 mm)Width 76.5 in (1,943 mm)Height 50.9 in (1,293 mm)Curb weight 2,800 lb (1,270 kg)Chronology Successor Chrysler Crossfire Purple Rear Purple Metallic Black Bright Silver Metallic Inca Gold Pearl Coat The Plymouth Prowler, later the Chrysler Prowler, is a retro-styled production car manufactured and marketed from 1997 to 2002 by Daimler Chrysler, based on the 1993 concept car of the same name.",
"The Prowler was offered in a single generation in a front-engine, rear-drive, rear-transmission configuration — with an overall production of 11,702.",
"Contents [ hide ]1 Design2 Features3 Performance4 Production4.1 Colors4.2 Other features4.3 Pricing5 Legacy6 References7 External links Design [ edit]Chrysler engineers were given free rein to design whatever they wanted in a \"\" hot rod \"\" or \"\"sportster\"\" type vehicle.",
"Thomas C. Gale, Chrysler's design and international director \"\"love for 1930s-era hot rods inspired Chrysler's latest design triumph, the retro-styled Plymouth Prowler.\"\"",
"[1] Gale, \"\"who has a hotted up 1932 Ford in his garage, ... [approved] the rod-inspired Plymouth Prowler as the company's follow-up show-stopper to the Dodge Viper.",
"[2] An early influence is credited to a Chrysler-sponsored project at the Art Center College of Design that resulted in a thesis by Douglas \"\"Chip\"\" Foose that included drawings of a retro-roadster.",
"[3] Foose \"\"designed it as a coupe for Chrysler to begin with but modified it to a roadster version.\"\"",
"[4]One of the most striking design features of the Prowler are the open, Indy racer-style front wheels.",
"The Prowler featured a powertrain from Chrysler's LH-cars, a 24-valve, 3.5 L Chrysler SOHC V6 engine producing 214 hp (160 k W; 217 PS) at 5850 rpm.",
"For the 1999 model year, the engine was replaced with a more powerful, aluminum-block, 253 hp (189 k W; 257 PS) at 6400 rpm version of the engine.",
"Both engines were coupled to a four-speed Autostick semi-automatic transmission.",
"The transmission was located at the rear of the vehicle and joined to the engine by a torque tube that rotated at engine speed, an arrangement similar to that used by the C5 Corvette, Porsche 944, and Alfa Romeo 75, and helped to facilitate a desirable 50-50 front-rear weight distribution.",
"The Prowler was the first rear-wheel drive Plymouth since the 1989 Plymouth Gran Fury and would stand as the last Plymouth model with that layout.",
"While criticized for having only a V6 engine, Chrysler's High Output 3.5 had a horsepower rating similar to (or higher than) the company's Magnum V8s of that era.",
"While not making nearly as much torque as a V8, Prowler's light weight helped to achieve rapid off-the-line acceleration.",
"The car prominently featured aluminum construction, in many cases adhesively bonded, chiefly in the chassis.",
"The body was produced in Shadyside, Ohio, and the car was assembled by hand at the Conner Avenue Assembly Plant (CAAP) in Detroit, Michigan.",
"Features [ edit]Unlike the Dodge Viper, the Prowler was equipped with many features that allowed it to be used as a daily driver.",
"These features included keyless entry, power windows and door locks, dual airbags, leather-trimmed bucket seats, air conditioning with manual controls, an AM/FM stereo with cassette player (a multi-disc CD changer was an available option as well) and a high-fidelity sound system, a leather-wrapped steering wheel with audio system controls mounted on the rear of the wheel, a color-keyed instrument panel bezel painted to match the exterior color of the Prowler (a similar feature found on the Chrysler PT Cruiser, which was also originally intended to be sold as a Plymouth ), digital odometer and full instrumentation, and, on later models, a speed-sensitive volume control activated via a switch mounted on the Prowler's instrument panel.",
"Also, even though the Prowler was equipped with a small trunk, storage space was limited, especially with the roof open.",
"Therefore, Mopar offered a \"\"tow-behind\"\" trailer that was styled to resemble the Prowler, and included matching aluminum-alloy wheels and tires, as well as being painted in the same exterior color as the Prowler.",
"Prowlers were equipped with a trailer hitch in order to accommodate the trailer option, however, a warning was affixed to the hitch that indicated that the trailer hitch was not to be used to tow any other accessory (boats, recreational vehicles (R/V's), campers, etc.)",
"other than the accessory trailer.",
"By doing so, the factory warranty would be considered void.",
"Performance [ edit]1997 model0-62 mph (0–100 km/h): 7.2 seconds [ citation needed]Top speed: 118 mph (180 km/h) electronically limited [ citation needed]1999–2002 model0-62 mph (0–100 km/h): 5.9 seconds [ citation needed]Top speed: 126 mph (190 km/h) electronically limited [ citation needed]Production [ edit]The Plymouth Prowler was produced for the 1997 and 1999-2000 model years.",
"After the Plymouth brand was discontinued in 2001 the Prowler was sold as a Chrysler Prowler for the 2001 and 2002 model years.",
"However, Daimler Chrysler marketed the Prowler as a Plymouth in Canada for the 2000 model year; the Prowler was the last Plymouth sold in Canada.",
"Model year production figures1997 4571999 3,9212000 2,7462001 3,1422002 1,436Total Plymouth Prowlers 8,532Total Chrysler Prowlers 3,170Grand total 11,702The last Prowler was built on February 15, 2002, and the model niche was later filled by the Chrysler Crossfire in 2004.",
"Colors [ edit]Across the two production runs, the Prowler was available in 12 colors: Prowler purple metallic (only color available in 1997)Prowler yellow clear coat Prowler black clear coat Prowler red clear coat Prowler bright silver metallic Woodward Edition (two-tone black-red)Black Tie Edition (two-tone black-silver)Prowler orange pearl coat Midnight blue pearl coat - Mulholland Edition Copper - Copperhead Edition Inca gold pearl coat Deep candy red pearl coat High voltage blue pearl coat - Conner Avenue Edition (only one produced, auctioned at Christie's)Other features [ edit]Wheels front: 17\"\"x7\"\"Wheels rear: 20\"\"x10\"\"Tires front: 225/45 HR17Tires rear: 295/40 HR20Brakes F/R: composite 11\"\" vented disc / 13\"\" vented disc Pricing [ edit]The original manufacturer's suggested retail price (in US$) for each model year for the Prowler:1997 - $38,3001999 - $39,3002000 - $43,0002001 - $44,2252002 - $44,625Due to limited trunk space, a $5,000 Prowler trailer option was available from Chrysler dealers.",
"These trailers resembled the back end of a Prowler and had smaller versions of the five-spoke wheels found on the car.",
"They could be ordered to match a car's factory color.",
"Legacy [ edit]A 1999 Plymouth Prowler at the Vintage Grill & Car Museum in Weatherford, Texas Other retro-styled vehicles followed the Prowler, including the Chrysler PT Cruiser, Chevrolet 's SSR, HHR, and the 2010 Camaro, Ford's 2002 Thunderbird and 2005 Mustang, as well as the 2008 Dodge Challenger.",
"[ citation needed]In 1998, a Plymouth Prowler was sealed in a mausoleum as a time capsule in Tulsa, Oklahoma.",
"While similar in concept to the buried 1957 Plymouth Belvedere that formerly resided near the courthouse, the buried Prowler was sealed in Centennial Park in an above-ground vault and sealed within a plastic box instead of plastic sheets that covered the Belvedere.",
"Experts believe the Prowler has a better chance of looking how it did when it was sealed when the time capsule is opened in 2048, when it will be returned to Chrysler.",
"[5]In 1999 at the Specialty Equipment Market Association 's annual car show in Las Vegas, Nevada, Chrysler unveiled the Plymouth Howler concept.",
"Inspired by hot rod trucks, and based on the Prowler, the Howler featured a small, truck-like bed with a tailgate and hard tonneau cover.",
"Under the hood, an adapted version of Jeep 's new 4.7 L Power Tech V8 engine replaced the production model's 3.5 L V6.",
"A Borg-Warner five-speed manual replaced the production four-speed automatic.",
"In 2004, Chrysler introduced the Chrysler PT Cruiser Convertible, which was a two-door, four-passenger version of its popular PT Cruiser Wagon with a shorter roof line and a power-retractable soft convertible roof.",
"The PT Cruiser Convertible went on sale in the spring of 2004 as an early 2005 model year vehicle.",
"The car was restyled with slightly revised exterior styling and a new interior in 2006, and then was subsequently discontinued after the 2008 model year (The PT Cruiser (Wagon) itself was discontinued entirely in 2010).",
"Chrysler Corporation hosted a 10th-anniversary celebration on August 16, 2007, at the Walter P. Chrysler Museum in Auburn Hills, Michigan, to commemorate the production of the Plymouth Prowler in 1997.",
"References [ edit]^ \"\"Can Chrysler Keep It Up?\"\".",
"Businessweek.",
"November 24, 1996.",
"Retrieved 15 November 2015.^ \"\"Design\"\".",
"Bulletin with Newsweek.",
"115: 38.",
"1993.",
"Retrieved 15 November 2015.^ \"\"Retro design\"\".",
"Automobile.",
"14: 302.",
"1999.",
"Retrieved 15 November 2015.^ Bertilsson, Bo (2006).",
"Rods and Customs.",
"Motorbooks.",
"p. 130.",
"ISBN 9780760324035.",
"Retrieved 15 November 2015.^ \"\"Centennial Park & Central Senior Center\"\".",
"Tulsa Walk.com.",
"Retrieved 15 November 2015.",
"External links [ edit]Media related to Plymouth Prowler at Wikimedia Commons Media related to Chrysler Prowler at Wikimedia Commons [ show]v t e Plymouth [ show]v t e« previous — Plymouth road car timeline, 1970s–2001, United States market [ show]v t e« previous — Chrysler car timeline, 1970–present Categories: Plymouth vehicles Plymouth concept vehicles Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Cars introduced in 1997Sports cars Roadsters 1990s automobiles 2000s automobiles Retro-style automobiles \""
] |
D1110261
|
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tenesmus
|
tenesmus
|
tenesmusnoun te·nes·mus \ tə-ˈnez-məs \Popularity: Bottom 30% of words Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLTime Traveler! Explore the year a word first appeared Definition of tenesmus: a distressing but ineffectual urge to evacuate the rectum or bladder Origin and Etymology of tenesmus Latin, from Greek teinesmos, from teinein to stretch, strain — more at thin NEW! Time Traveler First Known Use: 1527See Words from the same year Medical Dictionarytenesmusnoun te·nes·mus \ tə-ˈnez-məs \medical Definition of tenesmus: a distressing but ineffectual urge to evacuate the rectum or urinary bladder Seen and Heard What made you want to look up tenesmus? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).show
|
[
"tenesmusnoun te·nes·mus \\ tə-ˈnez-məs \\Popularity: Bottom 30% of words Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLTime Traveler!",
"Explore the year a word first appeared Definition of tenesmus: a distressing but ineffectual urge to evacuate the rectum or bladder Origin and Etymology of tenesmus Latin, from Greek teinesmos, from teinein to stretch, strain — more at thin NEW!",
"Time Traveler First Known Use: 1527See Words from the same year Medical Dictionarytenesmusnoun te·nes·mus \\ tə-ˈnez-məs \\medical Definition of tenesmus: a distressing but ineffectual urge to evacuate the rectum or urinary bladder Seen and Heard What made you want to look up tenesmus?",
"Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).show"
] |
D2898296
|
http://onlineathens.com/stories/080801/ath_0808010022.shtml
|
Harvest season for Georgia ginseng begins next week
|
By Associated Press GAINESVILLE -- The north Georgia mountains, where prospectors once scrambled in search of gold, are now attracting people hunting a different treasure: wild American ginseng. Photos The plant's root is highly prized in Asia for its alleged curative powers and commands exorbitant prices. But it has become so popular that it's threatened by over-harvesting, leading states and the federal government to restrict when and where the plant can be gathered. Ginseng poaching is a problem in some areas, officials say, particularly in the Smoky Mountains of Tennessee and North Carolina. Georgia's ginseng harvest season begins Aug. 15 and runs through Dec. 31. ''The law requires that the berries must be planted when ginseng is harvested so we can have a sustainable population, said Jon Ambrose, manager of the Natural Heritage Program for Georgia's Department of Natural Resources. ''So it can't be done until the berries are ripe in the fall. ''Wild ginseng grows best in moist, rich hardwood forests like those found in Georgia's Blue Ridge Mountains. Collectors are asked to select plants that have four or more leaf-prongs and abundant red berries, an indication that the plant is at least four years old. Georgia's 1979 Ginseng Protection Act requires harvesters to get written permission from the landowner if they are digging on private property other than their own. No harvesting is allowed on land owned by the state of Georgia, including state parks. The Chattahoochee National Forest allows ginseng foraging in certain areas with a permit. Anyone who intends to export the plant must register with the DNR's Ginseng Management Program. The harvested roots must be brought to the Wildlife Resources Division offices in Calhoun or Gainesville to be weighed before shipping. According to DNR records, more than 300 pounds of wild ginseng and more than 840 pounds of cultivated ginseng were sold last year. Dried wild ginseng can bring $250 to $360 a pound. ''Cultivated ginseng grows faster and has a different shape to its root. It's straighter, not gnarled,'' Ambrose said. ''But part of the mystique of the plant is the shape of its root, so the wild variety commands a much higher price. ''This article published in the Athens Banner-Herald on Wednesday, August 8, 2001.
|
[
"By Associated Press GAINESVILLE -- The north Georgia mountains, where prospectors once scrambled in search of gold, are now attracting people hunting a different treasure: wild American ginseng.",
"Photos The plant's root is highly prized in Asia for its alleged curative powers and commands exorbitant prices.",
"But it has become so popular that it's threatened by over-harvesting, leading states and the federal government to restrict when and where the plant can be gathered.",
"Ginseng poaching is a problem in some areas, officials say, particularly in the Smoky Mountains of Tennessee and North Carolina.",
"Georgia's ginseng harvest season begins Aug. 15 and runs through Dec. 31.",
"''The law requires that the berries must be planted when ginseng is harvested so we can have a sustainable population, said Jon Ambrose, manager of the Natural Heritage Program for Georgia's Department of Natural Resources.",
"''So it can't be done until the berries are ripe in the fall.",
"''Wild ginseng grows best in moist, rich hardwood forests like those found in Georgia's Blue Ridge Mountains.",
"Collectors are asked to select plants that have four or more leaf-prongs and abundant red berries, an indication that the plant is at least four years old.",
"Georgia's 1979 Ginseng Protection Act requires harvesters to get written permission from the landowner if they are digging on private property other than their own.",
"No harvesting is allowed on land owned by the state of Georgia, including state parks.",
"The Chattahoochee National Forest allows ginseng foraging in certain areas with a permit.",
"Anyone who intends to export the plant must register with the DNR's Ginseng Management Program.",
"The harvested roots must be brought to the Wildlife Resources Division offices in Calhoun or Gainesville to be weighed before shipping.",
"According to DNR records, more than 300 pounds of wild ginseng and more than 840 pounds of cultivated ginseng were sold last year.",
"Dried wild ginseng can bring $250 to $360 a pound.",
"''Cultivated ginseng grows faster and has a different shape to its root.",
"It's straighter, not gnarled,'' Ambrose said.",
"''But part of the mystique of the plant is the shape of its root, so the wild variety commands a much higher price.",
"''This article published in the Athens Banner-Herald on Wednesday, August 8, 2001."
] |
D1974061
|
http://ezinearticles.com/?Hair-Weave---The-Real-Cost-of-a-Hair-Weave&id=4552070
|
Hair Weave - The Real Cost of a Hair Weave
|
"Hair Weave - The Real Cost of a Hair Weave By Elaine A. | Submitted On June 25, 20103 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2The cost of a hair weave can range from $100 for a quick weave up to $2,000 for a celebrity quality weave. There are several variables that make up the price, such as full head or partial weave, sewn in or bonded, human hair or synthetic hair. Not only is there a cost for the initial hair weave process, you must also consider the cost of regular care and upkeep. In this article we will break down the costs by category, so that you can customize a weave hairstyle to fit your budget. First ask yourself a couple of questions. Do you want to enhance your appearance for a specific event (a special date or concert) or for several weeks (summer vacation, end of the year holidays, or just until your hair grows out)? Second, do you want to leave everything to your hairstylist or are you willing to do a little of the legwork yourself? And finally, how much are you willing to spend? Type of Hair / How Much Hair (30% of the Cost)From businesswomen to Hollywood stars, customers are demanding higher quality from the products they purchase. The type of hair you purchase will depend on the desired style. Hair textures range from silky straight, relaxed, deep wave to curly. Hair quality can range from poor quality synthetic hair to human hair of excellent quality. Virgin Indian hair is the most popular type for extensions. With Indian hair the wefts are reinforced and sewn tightly to prevent the hair from shedding. If you are getting a full-head braid and sew-in weave the average person uses about six ounces of hair. Most brands sell about four ounces in each package. Some people will use more some will use less. It is best to purchase two packs to ensure you have enough. You can always use the extra hair later. If you are using hair that is 18"" or longer may need an additional pack (sometimes the ends look thin with very long hair). If you are only getting a few tracks or you are bonding the hair, one pack is enough for four to five tracks. Normally, hair length runs from 10"" (about $80 per bag) to 18"" (about $130 per bag). There are many less expensive brands available, but keep in mind that quality can sometimes decrease with the lower price tag. Synthetic hair is very inexpensive compared to human hair and is often used for ponytails or hair buns. The costs can range from $5.00 to $20.00 per package depending on length. Heating appliances such as curling irons, flat irons or straightening combs should never be used on synthetic hair. While there are newer versions of synthetic hair from brands that claim to allow styling with lower temperatures of heating appliances, people should steer clear of such claims. The golden rule with synthetic hair is that heat is not an option. Synthetic hair is best for short term use. Typically when the synthetic hair is shaped its best not to change it, it is ""What you see is what you get"". Weaving vs. Bonding (50% of Cost)Bonding is a popular temporary weaving method and a great way to add volume or vibrant streaks of color to your natural hair. Tracks of hair are glued to the roots of your own hair near the scalp with a special adhesive. To prevent damage to your natural hair, tracks should not be left in longer than a week or two and must be removed with a special solution. On average the cost to apply is $10-20 per track (cut and style may or may not be included in your price). With weaving, the natural tresses are braided around the head in concentric circles. The braids are sewn down, then extensions or wefts are sewn to the braids. On average six to ten tracks are needed for a full head. This technique can be maintained for several weeks or months. This is a very time intensive process and pricing will vary greatly, but on average the costs range from $20-$60 per track. In the conclusion below you will learn how to completely eliminate this cost. Regular Maintenance and Tighten Up (20% of Total Cost)It is important to think of your extensions as your own hair. The average hair weave--whether glued, bonded, or sewn into natural hair--lasts about two months. During this time, you must wash your weave as well as your natural hair. Weave hair is especially prone to becoming brittle and dry because it is not attached to the scalp and therefore does not receive any of the body's natural oils. As with your natural hair, if you do not properly care for your weave it will quickly develop split ends and become frizzy and unmanageable. On average, regular maintenance and tightening will cost $20-$40 per track and must be done every two to four weeks. Conclusion Ultimately you can tailor your weave to fit any budget. You may choose to purchase your own hair and have it professionally applied and styled. You may want to learn to weave it yourself, and then have it cut and styled by a professional. Or you may have it weaved and styled professionally and choose to tighten it yourself. Weaves provide a way for you to experiment with new styles and current hair trends without damaging your natural hair with excessive heat or chemicals. Weaves provide new looks which are usually easily cared for, but you must be aware that these procedures have a limited life cycle. Remember HAIR DOES MATTER!The Ultimate Hair Weave Guide is the only step-by-step book available online that will teach you how to apply, tighten and service your own hair weave at home. This 100+ page guide will teach you the pros and cons of wearing a hair weave, human hair vs. synthetic hair, how to maintain and style your weave, along with instructions for natural looking application techniques, go to [http://www. Hair-Weave-Guide.com]. Article Source: http://Ezine Articles.com/expert/Elaine_A./633736 "
|
[
"\"Hair Weave - The Real Cost of a Hair Weave By Elaine A.",
"| Submitted On June 25, 20103 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2The cost of a hair weave can range from $100 for a quick weave up to $2,000 for a celebrity quality weave.",
"There are several variables that make up the price, such as full head or partial weave, sewn in or bonded, human hair or synthetic hair.",
"Not only is there a cost for the initial hair weave process, you must also consider the cost of regular care and upkeep.",
"In this article we will break down the costs by category, so that you can customize a weave hairstyle to fit your budget.",
"First ask yourself a couple of questions.",
"Do you want to enhance your appearance for a specific event (a special date or concert) or for several weeks (summer vacation, end of the year holidays, or just until your hair grows out)?",
"Second, do you want to leave everything to your hairstylist or are you willing to do a little of the legwork yourself?",
"And finally, how much are you willing to spend?",
"Type of Hair / How Much Hair (30% of the Cost)From businesswomen to Hollywood stars, customers are demanding higher quality from the products they purchase.",
"The type of hair you purchase will depend on the desired style.",
"Hair textures range from silky straight, relaxed, deep wave to curly.",
"Hair quality can range from poor quality synthetic hair to human hair of excellent quality.",
"Virgin Indian hair is the most popular type for extensions.",
"With Indian hair the wefts are reinforced and sewn tightly to prevent the hair from shedding.",
"If you are getting a full-head braid and sew-in weave the average person uses about six ounces of hair.",
"Most brands sell about four ounces in each package.",
"Some people will use more some will use less.",
"It is best to purchase two packs to ensure you have enough.",
"You can always use the extra hair later.",
"If you are using hair that is 18\"\" or longer may need an additional pack (sometimes the ends look thin with very long hair).",
"If you are only getting a few tracks or you are bonding the hair, one pack is enough for four to five tracks.",
"Normally, hair length runs from 10\"\" (about $80 per bag) to 18\"\" (about $130 per bag).",
"There are many less expensive brands available, but keep in mind that quality can sometimes decrease with the lower price tag.",
"Synthetic hair is very inexpensive compared to human hair and is often used for ponytails or hair buns.",
"The costs can range from $5.00 to $20.00 per package depending on length.",
"Heating appliances such as curling irons, flat irons or straightening combs should never be used on synthetic hair.",
"While there are newer versions of synthetic hair from brands that claim to allow styling with lower temperatures of heating appliances, people should steer clear of such claims.",
"The golden rule with synthetic hair is that heat is not an option.",
"Synthetic hair is best for short term use.",
"Typically when the synthetic hair is shaped its best not to change it, it is \"\"What you see is what you get\"\".",
"Weaving vs.",
"Bonding (50% of Cost)Bonding is a popular temporary weaving method and a great way to add volume or vibrant streaks of color to your natural hair.",
"Tracks of hair are glued to the roots of your own hair near the scalp with a special adhesive.",
"To prevent damage to your natural hair, tracks should not be left in longer than a week or two and must be removed with a special solution.",
"On average the cost to apply is $10-20 per track (cut and style may or may not be included in your price).",
"With weaving, the natural tresses are braided around the head in concentric circles.",
"The braids are sewn down, then extensions or wefts are sewn to the braids.",
"On average six to ten tracks are needed for a full head.",
"This technique can be maintained for several weeks or months.",
"This is a very time intensive process and pricing will vary greatly, but on average the costs range from $20-$60 per track.",
"In the conclusion below you will learn how to completely eliminate this cost.",
"Regular Maintenance and Tighten Up (20% of Total Cost)It is important to think of your extensions as your own hair.",
"The average hair weave--whether glued, bonded, or sewn into natural hair--lasts about two months.",
"During this time, you must wash your weave as well as your natural hair.",
"Weave hair is especially prone to becoming brittle and dry because it is not attached to the scalp and therefore does not receive any of the body's natural oils.",
"As with your natural hair, if you do not properly care for your weave it will quickly develop split ends and become frizzy and unmanageable.",
"On average, regular maintenance and tightening will cost $20-$40 per track and must be done every two to four weeks.",
"Conclusion Ultimately you can tailor your weave to fit any budget.",
"You may choose to purchase your own hair and have it professionally applied and styled.",
"You may want to learn to weave it yourself, and then have it cut and styled by a professional.",
"Or you may have it weaved and styled professionally and choose to tighten it yourself.",
"Weaves provide a way for you to experiment with new styles and current hair trends without damaging your natural hair with excessive heat or chemicals.",
"Weaves provide new looks which are usually easily cared for, but you must be aware that these procedures have a limited life cycle.",
"Remember HAIR DOES MATTER!The Ultimate Hair Weave Guide is the only step-by-step book available online that will teach you how to apply, tighten and service your own hair weave at home.",
"This 100+ page guide will teach you the pros and cons of wearing a hair weave, human hair vs. synthetic hair, how to maintain and style your weave, along with instructions for natural looking application techniques, go to [http://www.",
"Hair-Weave-Guide.com].",
"Article Source: http://Ezine Articles.com/expert/Elaine_A./633736 \""
] |
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https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/motivation-and-rewards-of-apple-inc-business-essay.php
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Motivation And Rewards Of Apple Inc Business Essay
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"Motivation And Rewards Of Apple Inc Business Essay Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays. Apple Inc. is a multinational technology company that designs and creates i Pod and i Tunes, Mac laptop and desktop computers, the OS X operating system, and the revolutionary i Phone and i Pad. In April 1,1976 Apple's headquarter based in Cupertino, California, USA and was founded by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak, and incorporated in January 3, 1977 as Apple Computer, Inc. In the year of 1997, the first of Apple Computer was born. Apple Inc. is mainly focused on consumer electronics such as i Pod, i Phone, i Pad, i Mac, etc. instead of only emphasizing on personal computers. In the year of 2001, the i Pod has been introduced into the market and the i Pod is successfully become the main market leader in music players. Apple had joined the phone industry in 2007 with i Phone. i Phone is a smart phone and it changes the world. It was very popular and had successfully attracted many customers. In the year of 2012, Apple came out with the i Phone 5 and it gets the highest sales within the i Phone series. In this past ten years, Apple keeps improving their products to maintain their sales. They tried to create more new technology so that they can penetrate the market easily and become the leader of the electronic market. They had designed the consumer software (i Cloud, i Chat, i Tunes) for customers to update, install or download the software or songs. There are 395 retail stores and online stores that are operated in globally in 14 countries as of November 2012. Apple sells its products worldwide through its retail shops, online shops, and direct sales force or through the third-party. From the financial aspect, the net income of Apple in 2012 was $41,733 million of the launching of innovative products such as i Phone 5, i Pad 3, i Pad mini and also i Pod touch (5th generation). Their net income in 2011 was $25,922 million which they had increased their net income in $15,811 million. Samsung is the main competitor of Apple recently. Apple still loses some customers although Apple keeps on designing the new devices. Nevertheless, Apple Company stays alerts and understands the consumers' needs so that their company has very strong customer base and strong brand equity in the market. As an example, when Apple first launch the new device, many of the consumers who love Apple product will queue up outside the Apple retail store overnight and wait to purchase the new product on the next day once Apple retail store open.2.0 CONTENTS2.1 Identify and explain the relevant principles and concepts of management (theories/concepts/models/assumptions) those are being applied in the company.2.2 To analyze and discuss the company's practices/operations in relation to the selected topic. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory Motivation is the process by which a person's efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining a goal. Some of the motivators are being in the know about company matters, an understanding attitude from the management, job security, good wages, interesting work, and career advancement opportunities, loyalty from management, good working conditions and tactful discipline. (Victor,2008) According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory which is proposed by Abraham Maslow, humans are motivated by five essential needs which are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization need. Physiological needs are the very basic needs such as air, water, food, sleep, sex, etc. When these are not satisfied we may feel sickness, irritation, pain, discomfort, etc. These feelings motivate us to alleviate them as soon as possible to establish homeostasis. ( Gwynne, 1999) Once they are alleviated, we may think about other things. Safety needs are needs for a safe and secure physical and emotion environment and freedom from threats. Social needs are the desired to be accepted by others and have friendships or become a part of the group and be loved. Esteem needs present the typical human desire for positive self-image, receive attention, recognition and appreciation from others. Self-actualization needs are the needs for self-fulfillment. Maslow describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs states that we must satisfy each need in turn, starting with the first, which deals with the most obvious needs for survival itself. Only when the lower order needs of physical and emotional well-being are satisfied are we concerned with the higher order needs of influence and personal development. (""Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,""n.d)Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory Apple Inc. produces highly motivated individuals who work hard at their job. Managers within the organization, including Steve Jobs, lead through motivation to create conditions where employees constantly feel inspired to work hard. Apple's highly motivated workforce is one of the major reasons for their high-performance results. (""Leadership and Motivation of the Members of the Organization,"" 2013)Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory is being applied in the Apple company. Managers in the Apple Inc. have created ways to motivate its employees by carefully considering how needs play into job design, compensation, management style and so forth. Apple Inc. fulfills the employees' physiological needs by providing wages that sufficient for employees to purchase their basic needs. It makes the monthly payment to its employees regularly. It also provides some financial incentives to its employees such as flexible benefits, investment and savings plans, investment options and stock purchase options. (""Benefits of Working at Apple,""n.d) Besides, Apple Inc. provides a good environment to employees for eating. For example, the corporate cafeteria -Caffe Macs, which is the place to eat on campus, offers a variety of good quality food. It sells various type of food such as pizza, sushi, pasta and salad. The level of excitement and electricity in the café are perfect. On a daily basis, at least one of Apple's top executives will be seen in Caffe Macs such as Steve Jobs. Apple Inc. also provides good working environment in the aspect of water, shelter and other facilities. Next, Apple Inc. satisfies its employees' safety needs by providing them job security, retirement benefits and a safe working environment. Apple Inc. provides full-benefit medical insurance to its full-time employees as well as part-time employees who working as few as 15 hours a week and have at least one year of service with Apple since January 2010. It also provides pension and sickness schemes to its employees. Apple Inc. then satisfies the employees' social needs. The company has developed team atmosphere and made sure employees know that they are a part of something bigger. For instance, from its lack of bureaucracy within projects, to its engineer-focused culture, to its emphasis on passionate and loyal employees, the huge company has maintained the corporate culture of its startup days. And that culture is a huge part of what makes it so successful -- and, not surprisingly, a good place to work. ( ""Leadership and Motivation of the Members of the Organization,""2013)Furthermore, Apple Inc. fulfills its employees esteem needs by valuing emphasis self-respect and respect for others and praise for hard work. Appraisal system helps to recognize individuals' contributions and importance of celebrate achievement. For example, Apple Inc. CEO Tim Cook has noted that employees will be given a major discount on Apple products, starting in June. Employees already get 25 percent off Macs and i OS products, but in a few months they will also be given an extra $500 off Macs and $250 off i Pads. For example, the low-end Macbook Air will cost just $250 after the discount and new credit. ( Yoskowitz, 2012)Next, Apple Inc. also satisfies its employees' self-actualization needs. Apple has pushed the limits of how people create with technology in everything it has done. Steve Jobs directed the company towards excellence by helping people create in ways they could never achieve before. Consequently, the i Mac, the i Pod, the i Phone, and the i Pad all played a big role in the introduction of new markets. The self-actualization need of a business is tied tightly to the man steering the ship, such as CEO of a company who will dictate a company's direction. For example, CEO Steve Jobs led Macintosh through each of its largest innovations, but when he left, it began to lose its way and market share. Upon his return, Macintosh quickly returned to its initial direction and to profitability. (""Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs for a Small Scale Business,"" 2011)Goal-Setting Theory A well-developed goal-setting theory of motivation is provided by Edwin Locke. The goal-setting theory is one of the process theories that apply to the organization, focuses on the motivational properties of task goals. The theory emphasizes the important relationship between goals and performance. Research supports predictions that the most effective performance seems to result when goals are specific and challenging, when they are used to evaluate performance and linked to feedback on results, and create commitment and acceptance. The motivational impact of goals may be affected by moderators such as ability and self-efficacy. Deadlines improve the effectiveness of goals. A learning goal orientation leads to higher performance than a performance goal orientation, and group goal-setting is as important as individual goal-setting. (Fred, 2011)Apple Inc. employees are highly motivated to accomplish their task goals which give direction to people in their work. The proper setting and management of goals within Apple Inc. helps to clarify the performance expectations in the organization. They provide a foundation for behavioral self-management. This helps to motivate employees work performance and job satisfaction. Apple Inc. always set specific goal for the employees to achieve. For instance, its goal for the year 2010 was to achieve a worldwide recycling rate of 50 % ( as a percentage of sales 7 years ago). Such specific goal will create high self-efficacy of the employees and help in achieving stated goal. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory To better understand employee attitudes and motivation, Frederick Herzberg has proposed Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory which states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. This theory proposes two factors which are intrinsic factors that are related to job satisfaction and extrinsic factors that are associated with job dissatisfaction. Satisfiers are motivators, while dissatisfies are hygiene factors. The motivators symbolized the psychological needs that were perceived as an additional benefit. The hygiene factors symbolized the physiological needs which the individuals wanted and expected to be fulfilled. Motivating factors are achievement, recognition for accomplishment, increased responsibility, opportunity for growth and development and creative and challenging work, whereas hygiene factors are company's policies and administration, supervision, working conditions, interpersonal relations, salary, job security, status, personal life and employee benefits. The Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory is being applied in the Apple Inc.. The employees of the Apple Inc. are praised and recognized for their accomplishments by the managers through bonus and promotion (motivating factors). The employees' works are very meaningful, interesting, motivating and challenging for the employee to perform (motivating factors). Apple Inc. salary structure is appropriate, reasonable and competitive (hygiene factors). Besides, it has offered health care plans to its employees and provides a safe, clean and hygienic working environment as well as update and well-maintained work equipment to the employees (hygiene factors)3.0 Findings When we are analyzing Apple Inc., we found that the working environment in Apple Inc. is less comfortable and relaxing compared to the insane perks that are provided by Google. For instances, Google provides freedom in the working area, free food, transportation and on-site care. However, Apple Inc.' management paid less attention in the degree of comfort of their employees and did not equip the company with advanced facilities. As a prove, an engineer in Apple Inc. said that there were no gym or free lunches and a software engineer complaint about the perks were incomparable with those provided at Facebook or Google. (Fiegerman, 2012) This shows that, Apple Inc. is not providing enough safety needs for the employees according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as well as dissatisfaction of employees with hygiene factors for working conditions in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. On the other hand, Apple Inc. created a culture of secrecy which served well in many areas. However, the adoption and adaptation of the culture have its pros and cons. The pros are there will be no leakages of company high-profile information to the public and protects the company from the huge competition as well as generate creativity. The disadvantages are tight controls of information and keeping their privacy as well as confidential caused many employees to feel stress in keeping company's secrets. For example, Apple Inc. strictly limits the number of employees with the privilege to know about their new product. Apart from these employees, the rest of the employees will only know about the new product when it is launched. (Lashinsky, 2012) There are also some cases happened that many talented workers tend to leave the company because they cannot adjust themselves to adapt a unique culture of the company. We can conclude that this happens due to the employees' social needs and esteem needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory are not being fulfilled. While according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, the employees are dissatisfied with the hygiene factors for company's policies and administration. Besides, Apple Inc. is more focus on the hard work and commitment from the employees rather than building the social relationships in the workplaces. The employees who are working in Apple Inc. have to be task-oriented where they have a strict deadline to accomplish their works. Apple Inc. is more focused on expertise and individual performance as compared to the position and roles. Besides, the employees are free to express their opinions and suggestions at Apple Inc and they can also gather information from various sources for decision making purpose. Nevertheless, the task-oriented culture is difficult to achieve economies of scale. (UK Essay, 2013) So we conclude that, even though Apple Inc. is successful in implementing the goal-setting theory and fulfilled the employees' self-actualization needs but they ignore the social needs of employees which are more important compared to self- actualization needs according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Furthermore, according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory the employees will have satisfaction with motivating factors for achievement as well as creative and challenging work but they will have dissatisfaction with hygiene factors for interpersonal relations and personal life. Last but not least, leadership is an important aspect for the motivation of employees. However, Apple Inc. depends too much on their previous CEO Steve Job whom passed away on October 5th, 2011. Steve Job was a charismatic leader. Charismatic leaders are people that provide direction, vision and energy to their followers. In addition, Steve Job provided an informal ambience and opportunities for his employees in expressing their creativity. Mark Margevicius (as cited Jansen, Spoelstra & Hafidz, 2012) said that Apple Inc. needs Steve Job very much because he is the one that drive, lead and innovate. Steve Job is a leader that understands and able to fulfill almost all elements in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, did a great job in applying the goal-setting theory and tried his best to satisfy the motivating factors and hygiene factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. On the other side of the coin, Tim Cook is a leader who knows to appreciate and respect his workers. He was implementing the benefits programs which comprised of insurance coverage schemes, employee stock purchase programs, 401 saving and investment plan and product discount for staffs. (Jobs at Apple, 2013) In fact, every employee form U. S. can enjoyed the 25 percent discount when purchasing on Apple's hardware. In addition, they will also get the pay rise to 25% of their previous wages in 2012. Moreover, many managers in Apple Inc have been offered to cross functional activities which are out of their working area. This can help employees to gain extra knowledge in different fields and be more innovative. (UK Essay, 2013) This shows that Tim Cook is doing a better job in fulfilling the physiological needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory and increasing the no dissatisfaction with hygiene factors for salary and employee benefits in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. However, even with all those improvement in employees' benefits programs Tim Cook was not able to motivate the employees like Steve Job did. Under Steve Job's leadership, apple products are always innovative and perfect. In contrast, under Tim Cook's leadership, apple products contain flaws that caused employees to be worried about the company performance. For example the mistake Tim Cook made by replacing Google Map with Apple Map and launched it with i Phone 5. Apple Map was criticize as life threatening when there was an incident when a motorist stranded within the Murray-Sunset National Park by following instruction from Apple Map. (Epstein, 2012) With criticism like this, Apple's employees are not motivated to work hard for the company due to the failure to achieve task goals in goal-setting theory, dissatisfaction with hygiene factor for supervision in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory as well as the esteem and self-actualization needs of the employees from the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory are not fulfilled.4.0 Recommendation Although Apple is a great company to work for but it still has many areas that the company need to improve in terms of their motivation and rewards methods. According to our findings, we have found out that Apple Inc.'s working environment is not that comfortable and satisfying. So we recommend that Apple Inc. can try to provide a more relaxing working environment to their employees. Research shows that a relaxing environment is able to assist the employees to think creatively and be innovative. For instances, a rest room fully equipped with massage chairs, on-site doctors, dry cleaning can allow their employees to have more time to modify the project before the due date. Besides, private communication facilities should be installed at each floor of the company in order to let their employees to settle their own personal affairs. (Calitz & Greyling, n.d.) These are some of the facilities that are provided by Google. Apple Inc. should employ some of the facilities provided by Google, to create a relaxing environment for the employees to cultivate creativity within them and in the same time reduce their stress on task accomplishment. Apple's culture of secrecy might discourage their employees' motivation on pursuing their jobs performance. Therefore, it is recommended that Apple should give their employees an opportunity to explore themselves on the whole operation in Apple Inc. For instance, Apple Inc. allows their employees take part in the function from different departments in the company which can inspire employees to be innovative and enthusiasm towards their jobs. However, these opportunities should only be offered to those who are interested on learning certain skills in the related departments. Since Apple Inc. is more focus on the hard work and commitment from the employees rather than building the social relationships in the workplaces, we are now suggesting that Apple Inc. should actually come out some event to improve the relationships among the employees. For example, Apple Inc. can carry out an annual dinner for all of the employees to gather. This will help to build a good social relationship among the employees. Besides, Apple Inc can also provide some 2 days 1 night trips for the employees. The trip may encourage interflow of different departments' employees and help the employees have a better understanding about the company operation at different department. Last but not least, Tim Cook is the current Apple's Chief Executive Officer that leads and runs the whole operation in Apple Inc. However, Tim Cook is not a charismatic leader as compared to Steve Jobs. He is rather a friendly leader than a leader who is democratic and bureaucratic. Tim Cook should adapt some of Steve Job's leadership styles as the styles works in Apple Inc. and is able to motivate the employees. He is also advised to be in contact with the employees by listening and understanding their problems and comments on the products specification or issues regarding to their social welfare.5.0 Conclusion Apple Inc. is one of the world's largest information technology companies and there are millions of people that are working in Apple Inc. The successful of a company comes from the employees who are motivated to be there. Therefore, motivating high levels of employee performance is an important organizational concern. According to the Maslow's Hierarchy of Need Theory, to increase the employee motivation, the basic level of employee needs must be fulfil before the employee moving to more advanced needs. Manager should understand the employee needs and satisfy their needs accordingly. Once these needs have been reasonably satisfied, the employee will work harder and come out something that creative. This theory is playing a major role in motivating behaviour. Besides that, the report state that goal setting is essentially linked to task performance. A specific and clear goal are greater motivating factor, it will lead to a greater output and better performance. Manager should set a specific goal for their employees and rewards to those who achieve the target. The intention to work toward difficult and specific goals is a powerful motivating force. Under the proper conditions, it can lead to higher performance. Moreover, the Herzbery's two factor theory also known as motivation-hygiene theory. It classified job factor into two categories; hygiene factor and motivational factor. Hygiene factor will lead to dissatisfaction if these factors are absent but hygiene factor cannot be regarded as motivators. In addition, the motivational factor is a positive satisfaction and these factors will motivate the employees. According to the report we write, motivation and rewards is playing a powerful role in motivating appropriate employee behaviour. The most popular rewards programs include open-book management, employee recognition, and pay-for-performance. The successful of the companies comes from employees who are motivated to be there. According to Sir Richard Branson said that, if you keep your employees happy then your customer will be happy and if you keep your customer happy then your shareholders will be happy. "
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[
"\"Motivation And Rewards Of Apple Inc Business Essay Print Reference this Published: 23rd March, 2015Disclaimer: This essay has been submitted by a student.",
"This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers.",
"Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UK Essays.",
"Apple Inc. is a multinational technology company that designs and creates i Pod and i Tunes, Mac laptop and desktop computers, the OS X operating system, and the revolutionary i Phone and i Pad.",
"In April 1,1976 Apple's headquarter based in Cupertino, California, USA and was founded by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak, and incorporated in January 3, 1977 as Apple Computer, Inc.",
"In the year of 1997, the first of Apple Computer was born.",
"Apple Inc. is mainly focused on consumer electronics such as i Pod, i Phone, i Pad, i Mac, etc.",
"instead of only emphasizing on personal computers.",
"In the year of 2001, the i Pod has been introduced into the market and the i Pod is successfully become the main market leader in music players.",
"Apple had joined the phone industry in 2007 with i Phone.",
"i Phone is a smart phone and it changes the world.",
"It was very popular and had successfully attracted many customers.",
"In the year of 2012, Apple came out with the i Phone 5 and it gets the highest sales within the i Phone series.",
"In this past ten years, Apple keeps improving their products to maintain their sales.",
"They tried to create more new technology so that they can penetrate the market easily and become the leader of the electronic market.",
"They had designed the consumer software (i Cloud, i Chat, i Tunes) for customers to update, install or download the software or songs.",
"There are 395 retail stores and online stores that are operated in globally in 14 countries as of November 2012.",
"Apple sells its products worldwide through its retail shops, online shops, and direct sales force or through the third-party.",
"From the financial aspect, the net income of Apple in 2012 was $41,733 million of the launching of innovative products such as i Phone 5, i Pad 3, i Pad mini and also i Pod touch (5th generation).",
"Their net income in 2011 was $25,922 million which they had increased their net income in $15,811 million.",
"Samsung is the main competitor of Apple recently.",
"Apple still loses some customers although Apple keeps on designing the new devices.",
"Nevertheless, Apple Company stays alerts and understands the consumers' needs so that their company has very strong customer base and strong brand equity in the market.",
"As an example, when Apple first launch the new device, many of the consumers who love Apple product will queue up outside the Apple retail store overnight and wait to purchase the new product on the next day once Apple retail store open.2.0 CONTENTS2.1 Identify and explain the relevant principles and concepts of management (theories/concepts/models/assumptions) those are being applied in the company.2.2 To analyze and discuss the company's practices/operations in relation to the selected topic.",
"Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory Motivation is the process by which a person's efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining a goal.",
"Some of the motivators are being in the know about company matters, an understanding attitude from the management, job security, good wages, interesting work, and career advancement opportunities, loyalty from management, good working conditions and tactful discipline.",
"(Victor,2008) According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory which is proposed by Abraham Maslow, humans are motivated by five essential needs which are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization need.",
"Physiological needs are the very basic needs such as air, water, food, sleep, sex, etc.",
"When these are not satisfied we may feel sickness, irritation, pain, discomfort, etc.",
"These feelings motivate us to alleviate them as soon as possible to establish homeostasis.",
"( Gwynne, 1999) Once they are alleviated, we may think about other things.",
"Safety needs are needs for a safe and secure physical and emotion environment and freedom from threats.",
"Social needs are the desired to be accepted by others and have friendships or become a part of the group and be loved.",
"Esteem needs present the typical human desire for positive self-image, receive attention, recognition and appreciation from others.",
"Self-actualization needs are the needs for self-fulfillment.",
"Maslow describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be.",
"Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs states that we must satisfy each need in turn, starting with the first, which deals with the most obvious needs for survival itself.",
"Only when the lower order needs of physical and emotional well-being are satisfied are we concerned with the higher order needs of influence and personal development.",
"(\"\"Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,\"\"n.d)Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory Apple Inc. produces highly motivated individuals who work hard at their job.",
"Managers within the organization, including Steve Jobs, lead through motivation to create conditions where employees constantly feel inspired to work hard.",
"Apple's highly motivated workforce is one of the major reasons for their high-performance results.",
"(\"\"Leadership and Motivation of the Members of the Organization,\"\" 2013)Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory is being applied in the Apple company.",
"Managers in the Apple Inc. have created ways to motivate its employees by carefully considering how needs play into job design, compensation, management style and so forth.",
"Apple Inc. fulfills the employees' physiological needs by providing wages that sufficient for employees to purchase their basic needs.",
"It makes the monthly payment to its employees regularly.",
"It also provides some financial incentives to its employees such as flexible benefits, investment and savings plans, investment options and stock purchase options.",
"(\"\"Benefits of Working at Apple,\"\"n.d) Besides, Apple Inc. provides a good environment to employees for eating.",
"For example, the corporate cafeteria -Caffe Macs, which is the place to eat on campus, offers a variety of good quality food.",
"It sells various type of food such as pizza, sushi, pasta and salad.",
"The level of excitement and electricity in the café are perfect.",
"On a daily basis, at least one of Apple's top executives will be seen in Caffe Macs such as Steve Jobs.",
"Apple Inc. also provides good working environment in the aspect of water, shelter and other facilities.",
"Next, Apple Inc. satisfies its employees' safety needs by providing them job security, retirement benefits and a safe working environment.",
"Apple Inc. provides full-benefit medical insurance to its full-time employees as well as part-time employees who working as few as 15 hours a week and have at least one year of service with Apple since January 2010.",
"It also provides pension and sickness schemes to its employees.",
"Apple Inc. then satisfies the employees' social needs.",
"The company has developed team atmosphere and made sure employees know that they are a part of something bigger.",
"For instance, from its lack of bureaucracy within projects, to its engineer-focused culture, to its emphasis on passionate and loyal employees, the huge company has maintained the corporate culture of its startup days.",
"And that culture is a huge part of what makes it so successful -- and, not surprisingly, a good place to work.",
"( \"\"Leadership and Motivation of the Members of the Organization,\"\"2013)Furthermore, Apple Inc. fulfills its employees esteem needs by valuing emphasis self-respect and respect for others and praise for hard work.",
"Appraisal system helps to recognize individuals' contributions and importance of celebrate achievement.",
"For example, Apple Inc. CEO Tim Cook has noted that employees will be given a major discount on Apple products, starting in June.",
"Employees already get 25 percent off Macs and i OS products, but in a few months they will also be given an extra $500 off Macs and $250 off i Pads.",
"For example, the low-end Macbook Air will cost just $250 after the discount and new credit.",
"( Yoskowitz, 2012)Next, Apple Inc. also satisfies its employees' self-actualization needs.",
"Apple has pushed the limits of how people create with technology in everything it has done.",
"Steve Jobs directed the company towards excellence by helping people create in ways they could never achieve before.",
"Consequently, the i Mac, the i Pod, the i Phone, and the i Pad all played a big role in the introduction of new markets.",
"The self-actualization need of a business is tied tightly to the man steering the ship, such as CEO of a company who will dictate a company's direction.",
"For example, CEO Steve Jobs led Macintosh through each of its largest innovations, but when he left, it began to lose its way and market share.",
"Upon his return, Macintosh quickly returned to its initial direction and to profitability.",
"(\"\"Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs for a Small Scale Business,\"\" 2011)Goal-Setting Theory A well-developed goal-setting theory of motivation is provided by Edwin Locke.",
"The goal-setting theory is one of the process theories that apply to the organization, focuses on the motivational properties of task goals.",
"The theory emphasizes the important relationship between goals and performance.",
"Research supports predictions that the most effective performance seems to result when goals are specific and challenging, when they are used to evaluate performance and linked to feedback on results, and create commitment and acceptance.",
"The motivational impact of goals may be affected by moderators such as ability and self-efficacy.",
"Deadlines improve the effectiveness of goals.",
"A learning goal orientation leads to higher performance than a performance goal orientation, and group goal-setting is as important as individual goal-setting.",
"(Fred, 2011)Apple Inc. employees are highly motivated to accomplish their task goals which give direction to people in their work.",
"The proper setting and management of goals within Apple Inc. helps to clarify the performance expectations in the organization.",
"They provide a foundation for behavioral self-management.",
"This helps to motivate employees work performance and job satisfaction.",
"Apple Inc. always set specific goal for the employees to achieve.",
"For instance, its goal for the year 2010 was to achieve a worldwide recycling rate of 50 % ( as a percentage of sales 7 years ago).",
"Such specific goal will create high self-efficacy of the employees and help in achieving stated goal.",
"Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory To better understand employee attitudes and motivation, Frederick Herzberg has proposed Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory which states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction.",
"This theory proposes two factors which are intrinsic factors that are related to job satisfaction and extrinsic factors that are associated with job dissatisfaction.",
"Satisfiers are motivators, while dissatisfies are hygiene factors.",
"The motivators symbolized the psychological needs that were perceived as an additional benefit.",
"The hygiene factors symbolized the physiological needs which the individuals wanted and expected to be fulfilled.",
"Motivating factors are achievement, recognition for accomplishment, increased responsibility, opportunity for growth and development and creative and challenging work, whereas hygiene factors are company's policies and administration, supervision, working conditions, interpersonal relations, salary, job security, status, personal life and employee benefits.",
"The Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory is being applied in the Apple Inc..",
"The employees of the Apple Inc. are praised and recognized for their accomplishments by the managers through bonus and promotion (motivating factors).",
"The employees' works are very meaningful, interesting, motivating and challenging for the employee to perform (motivating factors).",
"Apple Inc. salary structure is appropriate, reasonable and competitive (hygiene factors).",
"Besides, it has offered health care plans to its employees and provides a safe, clean and hygienic working environment as well as update and well-maintained work equipment to the employees (hygiene factors)3.0 Findings When we are analyzing Apple Inc., we found that the working environment in Apple Inc. is less comfortable and relaxing compared to the insane perks that are provided by Google.",
"For instances, Google provides freedom in the working area, free food, transportation and on-site care.",
"However, Apple Inc.' management paid less attention in the degree of comfort of their employees and did not equip the company with advanced facilities.",
"As a prove, an engineer in Apple Inc. said that there were no gym or free lunches and a software engineer complaint about the perks were incomparable with those provided at Facebook or Google.",
"(Fiegerman, 2012) This shows that, Apple Inc. is not providing enough safety needs for the employees according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as well as dissatisfaction of employees with hygiene factors for working conditions in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory.",
"On the other hand, Apple Inc. created a culture of secrecy which served well in many areas.",
"However, the adoption and adaptation of the culture have its pros and cons.",
"The pros are there will be no leakages of company high-profile information to the public and protects the company from the huge competition as well as generate creativity.",
"The disadvantages are tight controls of information and keeping their privacy as well as confidential caused many employees to feel stress in keeping company's secrets.",
"For example, Apple Inc. strictly limits the number of employees with the privilege to know about their new product.",
"Apart from these employees, the rest of the employees will only know about the new product when it is launched.",
"(Lashinsky, 2012) There are also some cases happened that many talented workers tend to leave the company because they cannot adjust themselves to adapt a unique culture of the company.",
"We can conclude that this happens due to the employees' social needs and esteem needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory are not being fulfilled.",
"While according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, the employees are dissatisfied with the hygiene factors for company's policies and administration.",
"Besides, Apple Inc. is more focus on the hard work and commitment from the employees rather than building the social relationships in the workplaces.",
"The employees who are working in Apple Inc. have to be task-oriented where they have a strict deadline to accomplish their works.",
"Apple Inc. is more focused on expertise and individual performance as compared to the position and roles.",
"Besides, the employees are free to express their opinions and suggestions at Apple Inc and they can also gather information from various sources for decision making purpose.",
"Nevertheless, the task-oriented culture is difficult to achieve economies of scale.",
"(UK Essay, 2013) So we conclude that, even though Apple Inc. is successful in implementing the goal-setting theory and fulfilled the employees' self-actualization needs but they ignore the social needs of employees which are more important compared to self- actualization needs according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.",
"Furthermore, according to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory the employees will have satisfaction with motivating factors for achievement as well as creative and challenging work but they will have dissatisfaction with hygiene factors for interpersonal relations and personal life.",
"Last but not least, leadership is an important aspect for the motivation of employees.",
"However, Apple Inc. depends too much on their previous CEO Steve Job whom passed away on October 5th, 2011.",
"Steve Job was a charismatic leader.",
"Charismatic leaders are people that provide direction, vision and energy to their followers.",
"In addition, Steve Job provided an informal ambience and opportunities for his employees in expressing their creativity.",
"Mark Margevicius (as cited Jansen, Spoelstra & Hafidz, 2012) said that Apple Inc. needs Steve Job very much because he is the one that drive, lead and innovate.",
"Steve Job is a leader that understands and able to fulfill almost all elements in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, did a great job in applying the goal-setting theory and tried his best to satisfy the motivating factors and hygiene factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory.",
"On the other side of the coin, Tim Cook is a leader who knows to appreciate and respect his workers.",
"He was implementing the benefits programs which comprised of insurance coverage schemes, employee stock purchase programs, 401 saving and investment plan and product discount for staffs.",
"(Jobs at Apple, 2013) In fact, every employee form U. S. can enjoyed the 25 percent discount when purchasing on Apple's hardware.",
"In addition, they will also get the pay rise to 25% of their previous wages in 2012.",
"Moreover, many managers in Apple Inc have been offered to cross functional activities which are out of their working area.",
"This can help employees to gain extra knowledge in different fields and be more innovative.",
"(UK Essay, 2013) This shows that Tim Cook is doing a better job in fulfilling the physiological needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory and increasing the no dissatisfaction with hygiene factors for salary and employee benefits in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory.",
"However, even with all those improvement in employees' benefits programs Tim Cook was not able to motivate the employees like Steve Job did.",
"Under Steve Job's leadership, apple products are always innovative and perfect.",
"In contrast, under Tim Cook's leadership, apple products contain flaws that caused employees to be worried about the company performance.",
"For example the mistake Tim Cook made by replacing Google Map with Apple Map and launched it with i Phone 5.",
"Apple Map was criticize as life threatening when there was an incident when a motorist stranded within the Murray-Sunset National Park by following instruction from Apple Map.",
"(Epstein, 2012) With criticism like this, Apple's employees are not motivated to work hard for the company due to the failure to achieve task goals in goal-setting theory, dissatisfaction with hygiene factor for supervision in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory as well as the esteem and self-actualization needs of the employees from the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory are not fulfilled.4.0 Recommendation Although Apple is a great company to work for but it still has many areas that the company need to improve in terms of their motivation and rewards methods.",
"According to our findings, we have found out that Apple Inc.'s working environment is not that comfortable and satisfying.",
"So we recommend that Apple Inc. can try to provide a more relaxing working environment to their employees.",
"Research shows that a relaxing environment is able to assist the employees to think creatively and be innovative.",
"For instances, a rest room fully equipped with massage chairs, on-site doctors, dry cleaning can allow their employees to have more time to modify the project before the due date.",
"Besides, private communication facilities should be installed at each floor of the company in order to let their employees to settle their own personal affairs.",
"(Calitz & Greyling, n.d.) These are some of the facilities that are provided by Google.",
"Apple Inc. should employ some of the facilities provided by Google, to create a relaxing environment for the employees to cultivate creativity within them and in the same time reduce their stress on task accomplishment.",
"Apple's culture of secrecy might discourage their employees' motivation on pursuing their jobs performance.",
"Therefore, it is recommended that Apple should give their employees an opportunity to explore themselves on the whole operation in Apple Inc. For instance, Apple Inc. allows their employees take part in the function from different departments in the company which can inspire employees to be innovative and enthusiasm towards their jobs.",
"However, these opportunities should only be offered to those who are interested on learning certain skills in the related departments.",
"Since Apple Inc. is more focus on the hard work and commitment from the employees rather than building the social relationships in the workplaces, we are now suggesting that Apple Inc. should actually come out some event to improve the relationships among the employees.",
"For example, Apple Inc. can carry out an annual dinner for all of the employees to gather.",
"This will help to build a good social relationship among the employees.",
"Besides, Apple Inc can also provide some 2 days 1 night trips for the employees.",
"The trip may encourage interflow of different departments' employees and help the employees have a better understanding about the company operation at different department.",
"Last but not least, Tim Cook is the current Apple's Chief Executive Officer that leads and runs the whole operation in Apple Inc.",
"However, Tim Cook is not a charismatic leader as compared to Steve Jobs.",
"He is rather a friendly leader than a leader who is democratic and bureaucratic.",
"Tim Cook should adapt some of Steve Job's leadership styles as the styles works in Apple Inc. and is able to motivate the employees.",
"He is also advised to be in contact with the employees by listening and understanding their problems and comments on the products specification or issues regarding to their social welfare.5.0 Conclusion Apple Inc. is one of the world's largest information technology companies and there are millions of people that are working in Apple Inc.",
"The successful of a company comes from the employees who are motivated to be there.",
"Therefore, motivating high levels of employee performance is an important organizational concern.",
"According to the Maslow's Hierarchy of Need Theory, to increase the employee motivation, the basic level of employee needs must be fulfil before the employee moving to more advanced needs.",
"Manager should understand the employee needs and satisfy their needs accordingly.",
"Once these needs have been reasonably satisfied, the employee will work harder and come out something that creative.",
"This theory is playing a major role in motivating behaviour.",
"Besides that, the report state that goal setting is essentially linked to task performance.",
"A specific and clear goal are greater motivating factor, it will lead to a greater output and better performance.",
"Manager should set a specific goal for their employees and rewards to those who achieve the target.",
"The intention to work toward difficult and specific goals is a powerful motivating force.",
"Under the proper conditions, it can lead to higher performance.",
"Moreover, the Herzbery's two factor theory also known as motivation-hygiene theory.",
"It classified job factor into two categories; hygiene factor and motivational factor.",
"Hygiene factor will lead to dissatisfaction if these factors are absent but hygiene factor cannot be regarded as motivators.",
"In addition, the motivational factor is a positive satisfaction and these factors will motivate the employees.",
"According to the report we write, motivation and rewards is playing a powerful role in motivating appropriate employee behaviour.",
"The most popular rewards programs include open-book management, employee recognition, and pay-for-performance.",
"The successful of the companies comes from employees who are motivated to be there.",
"According to Sir Richard Branson said that, if you keep your employees happy then your customer will be happy and if you keep your customer happy then your shareholders will be happy. \""
] |
D2654742
|
http://parks.ky.gov/parks/historicsites/jefferson-davis/history.aspx
|
Jefferson Davis History
|
Jefferson Davis History More Information Jefferson Davis Home Events Things To Do History Established June 7, 1924 Ten miles east of Hopkinsville, at Fairview, stands the fourth tallest monument in the United States. It is the tallest poured in place concrete obelisk in the world. The monument is to Jefferson Davis (1808-1889) the first and only president of the Confederacy. The Jefferson Davis Monument became a part of the Kentucky State Park System on June 7, 1927. Fellow Kentuckian and Civil War President, Abraham Lincoln was born less than 100 miles away in Hodgenville. The location of Jefferson Davis’ and Abraham Lincoln’s birthplaces is indicative of the tragedy of the American Civil War in Kentucky and the nation. The lives of the two men became such a part of the history of the war that they are inextricably joined with each other. In intensity and carnage the Civil War had no equal in American history. Between April 1861 and April 1865 nearly 700,000 Americans perished. For four years Davis presided over the Confederate States of America during this titanic struggle. He guided the new nation from its birth to its demise. As an individual, Davis was at once praised and vilified. To the North he was a traitor and a war criminal; to Southerners he became the embodiment of the greatness of the “Lost Cause.” After the death of Davis in 1889, groups and individuals throughout the South began plans to erect a fitting memorial to the Confederacy’s only president. Jefferson Finis Davis, the son of Samuel Emory and Jane Cook Davis, was born June 3, 1808 in Fairview, Christian (now Todd) County. Of Welsh descent, Samuel Davis fought in the American Revolution. As a reward for his services in the war, he received a grant of land near Augusta, Georgia. As a small farmer he tilled his land with the assistance of a few slaves. Davis heard of excellent land that could be obtained in Kentucky and decided to move there. The Davis family moved to Kentucky in 1793. After staying briefly in Mercer County they moved to a 600-acre tract in Christian County where Samuel Davis built a four room log house complete with the first glass windows to be seen in the area. Although the Davis family had established a farm and bred blooded horses on their Kentucky land, by 1811 the family returned to the Deep South. For a year they lived in Louisiana before moving to Wilkinson County, Mississippi. There, Jefferson Davis began his formal education at age five. Dissatisfied with his son’s school, Samuel Davis decided to send his seven year old son to be educated in Kentucky, and entered St. Thomas Aquinas Academy, run by Dominican Friars. After nearly two years in the Dominican school, Davis returned home at the insistence of his mother. Davis resumed his education in Mississippi at Jefferson College and at the Academy of Wilkinson County. In 1822 at age fourteen, he returned to Kentucky to attend Transylvania University in Lexington. Transylvania had an excellent reputation as the best institution of higher learning west of the mountains. Davis passed his examinations for the senior class at Transylvania with honors. However, at his father’s urging he accepted an appointment as a cadet at West Point. On July 12, 1828, he graduated from West Point. He served in various posts in the army for four years. In 1832 he met Knox Taylor, daughter of Zachary Taylor. Davis resigned from the army and the couple married in 1835. The newlyweds moved to Natchez, Mississippi where he began a career as a planter. Within three months of their arrival, both he and his wife contracted malaria. On September 15, 1835, Knox Taylor Davis died of the disease at age 21. After a long convalescence, he recovered. Grief stricken over the death of his wife, he remained in seclusion for several years. In 1845 Davis married Varina Anne Howell. He returned to politics and won election to Congress. In less than six months he left the House of Representatives to become a colonel of a Mississippi regiment in the Mexican War (1846-1848). Wounded in the foot, he returned to Congress on crutches. The governor of Mississippi appointed him to the United States Senate to finish the term of the recently deceased Senator Speight. Davis won a full term as Senator in 1850, only to resign six months later to run for governor of Mississippi. He lost by 999 votes. President Franklin Pierce appointed Davis as Secretary of War in 1853. He served until 1857, when he returned to the U. S. Senate. He resigned his seat when Mississippi seceded from the Union in 1860. The following year, Davis became the president of the newly formed Confederate States of America. After serving for four stormy and eventful years as the Confederacy’s chief executive, Davis was arrested by Union forces at the close of the Civil War. Imprisoned for two years and awaiting trial as a possible war criminal, the authorities at last freed him. Stripped of his citizenship, Davis moved to Beauvoir plantation near Biloxi, Mississippi. He returned to his old home in Kentucky for a visit in 1875. At a 1907 reunion in Glasgow, Ky. of the Confederate Orphans Brigade, former Confederate General Simon Bolivar Buckner proposed a plan for a Jefferson Davis monument to be erected at his birthplace in Fairview. A group started the Jefferson Davis Home Association and raised money for the monument. By April 1909, the Association paid $7,052 for seven tracts of land containing twenty acres. Within the next eight years $150,000 had been accumulated for a suitable monument. In 1917 work began on the world’s tallest concrete obelisk. The firm of C. G. Gregg of Louisville designed the monument and oversaw its construction. America’s entry into World War I halted work on the obelisk for several years. By the time construction began again, costs had risen dramatically and the project faced an uncertain future. The United Daughters of the Confederacy raised an additional $20,000 toward completion of the monument and the Kentucky General Assembly appropriated $15,000 to install an elevator (originally run by steam) in the 351-foot structure. On June 7, 1924, dedication of the Jefferson Davis State Historic Site took place and it became a part of the Kentucky State Parks system. The monument has a base of 35 feet by 35 feet with 10-foot thick walls at the lower level, tapering to two feet at the top. Construction cost $200.000. The observation windows at the top of monument offer visitors a breathtaking view of the surrounding countryside. Open from May 1 to October 31, the Jefferson Davis Monument State Historic Site is located 10 miles east of Hopkinsville on U. S. 68. There is a gift shop, picnic areas, and a playground.
|
[
"Jefferson Davis History More Information Jefferson Davis Home Events Things To Do History Established June 7, 1924 Ten miles east of Hopkinsville, at Fairview, stands the fourth tallest monument in the United States.",
"It is the tallest poured in place concrete obelisk in the world.",
"The monument is to Jefferson Davis (1808-1889) the first and only president of the Confederacy.",
"The Jefferson Davis Monument became a part of the Kentucky State Park System on June 7, 1927.",
"Fellow Kentuckian and Civil War President, Abraham Lincoln was born less than 100 miles away in Hodgenville.",
"The location of Jefferson Davis’ and Abraham Lincoln’s birthplaces is indicative of the tragedy of the American Civil War in Kentucky and the nation.",
"The lives of the two men became such a part of the history of the war that they are inextricably joined with each other.",
"In intensity and carnage the Civil War had no equal in American history.",
"Between April 1861 and April 1865 nearly 700,000 Americans perished.",
"For four years Davis presided over the Confederate States of America during this titanic struggle.",
"He guided the new nation from its birth to its demise.",
"As an individual, Davis was at once praised and vilified.",
"To the North he was a traitor and a war criminal; to Southerners he became the embodiment of the greatness of the “Lost Cause.” After the death of Davis in 1889, groups and individuals throughout the South began plans to erect a fitting memorial to the Confederacy’s only president.",
"Jefferson Finis Davis, the son of Samuel Emory and Jane Cook Davis, was born June 3, 1808 in Fairview, Christian (now Todd) County.",
"Of Welsh descent, Samuel Davis fought in the American Revolution.",
"As a reward for his services in the war, he received a grant of land near Augusta, Georgia.",
"As a small farmer he tilled his land with the assistance of a few slaves.",
"Davis heard of excellent land that could be obtained in Kentucky and decided to move there.",
"The Davis family moved to Kentucky in 1793.",
"After staying briefly in Mercer County they moved to a 600-acre tract in Christian County where Samuel Davis built a four room log house complete with the first glass windows to be seen in the area.",
"Although the Davis family had established a farm and bred blooded horses on their Kentucky land, by 1811 the family returned to the Deep South.",
"For a year they lived in Louisiana before moving to Wilkinson County, Mississippi.",
"There, Jefferson Davis began his formal education at age five.",
"Dissatisfied with his son’s school, Samuel Davis decided to send his seven year old son to be educated in Kentucky, and entered St. Thomas Aquinas Academy, run by Dominican Friars.",
"After nearly two years in the Dominican school, Davis returned home at the insistence of his mother.",
"Davis resumed his education in Mississippi at Jefferson College and at the Academy of Wilkinson County.",
"In 1822 at age fourteen, he returned to Kentucky to attend Transylvania University in Lexington.",
"Transylvania had an excellent reputation as the best institution of higher learning west of the mountains.",
"Davis passed his examinations for the senior class at Transylvania with honors.",
"However, at his father’s urging he accepted an appointment as a cadet at West Point.",
"On July 12, 1828, he graduated from West Point.",
"He served in various posts in the army for four years.",
"In 1832 he met Knox Taylor, daughter of Zachary Taylor.",
"Davis resigned from the army and the couple married in 1835.",
"The newlyweds moved to Natchez, Mississippi where he began a career as a planter.",
"Within three months of their arrival, both he and his wife contracted malaria.",
"On September 15, 1835, Knox Taylor Davis died of the disease at age 21.",
"After a long convalescence, he recovered.",
"Grief stricken over the death of his wife, he remained in seclusion for several years.",
"In 1845 Davis married Varina Anne Howell.",
"He returned to politics and won election to Congress.",
"In less than six months he left the House of Representatives to become a colonel of a Mississippi regiment in the Mexican War (1846-1848).",
"Wounded in the foot, he returned to Congress on crutches.",
"The governor of Mississippi appointed him to the United States Senate to finish the term of the recently deceased Senator Speight.",
"Davis won a full term as Senator in 1850, only to resign six months later to run for governor of Mississippi.",
"He lost by 999 votes.",
"President Franklin Pierce appointed Davis as Secretary of War in 1853.",
"He served until 1857, when he returned to the U. S. Senate.",
"He resigned his seat when Mississippi seceded from the Union in 1860.",
"The following year, Davis became the president of the newly formed Confederate States of America.",
"After serving for four stormy and eventful years as the Confederacy’s chief executive, Davis was arrested by Union forces at the close of the Civil War.",
"Imprisoned for two years and awaiting trial as a possible war criminal, the authorities at last freed him.",
"Stripped of his citizenship, Davis moved to Beauvoir plantation near Biloxi, Mississippi.",
"He returned to his old home in Kentucky for a visit in 1875.",
"At a 1907 reunion in Glasgow, Ky. of the Confederate Orphans Brigade, former Confederate General Simon Bolivar Buckner proposed a plan for a Jefferson Davis monument to be erected at his birthplace in Fairview.",
"A group started the Jefferson Davis Home Association and raised money for the monument.",
"By April 1909, the Association paid $7,052 for seven tracts of land containing twenty acres.",
"Within the next eight years $150,000 had been accumulated for a suitable monument.",
"In 1917 work began on the world’s tallest concrete obelisk.",
"The firm of C. G. Gregg of Louisville designed the monument and oversaw its construction.",
"America’s entry into World War I halted work on the obelisk for several years.",
"By the time construction began again, costs had risen dramatically and the project faced an uncertain future.",
"The United Daughters of the Confederacy raised an additional $20,000 toward completion of the monument and the Kentucky General Assembly appropriated $15,000 to install an elevator (originally run by steam) in the 351-foot structure.",
"On June 7, 1924, dedication of the Jefferson Davis State Historic Site took place and it became a part of the Kentucky State Parks system.",
"The monument has a base of 35 feet by 35 feet with 10-foot thick walls at the lower level, tapering to two feet at the top.",
"Construction cost $200.000.",
"The observation windows at the top of monument offer visitors a breathtaking view of the surrounding countryside.",
"Open from May 1 to October 31, the Jefferson Davis Monument State Historic Site is located 10 miles east of Hopkinsville on U. S. 68.",
"There is a gift shop, picnic areas, and a playground."
] |
D2261394
|
http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/04/28/san-jose-vietnamese-community-thrives-recalls-what-was-left-behind-40-years-after-fall-of-saigon/
|
San Jose Vietnamese Community Thrives, Recalls What Was Left Behind 40 Years After Fall Of Saigon
|
Little Saigon district in San Jose. (CBS)Watch Flight From Saigon: 40 Years Later – Thursday, April 30 at 7:00 p.m. on KPIX 5SAN JOSE (KPIX 5) — 40 years after the Fall of Saigon and the end of the Vietnam War, the Bay Area’s Vietnamese community of today looks nothing like the first wave of refugees who first arrived here. From the 70s to the 90s, thousands of so-called boat people undertook a mass migration to the Golden State, drawn by its mild weather and high-skilled tech jobs that required little English. San Jose is now home to 160,000 Vietnamese, the largest population of any single city outside of Vietnam. They have worked their way up the corporate ladder, across a wide range of professional careers, in law, business, and politics. San Jose boasts multiple Vietnamese-language radio and TV stations along with numerous publications. In 2005, Madison Nguyen became the first Vietnamese councilmember in San Jose, and In Northern California. This year, voters did it again and elected Tam Nguyen. Vietnamese businesses in Little Saigon have exploded in numbers and in revenue. Operating niche businesses like banh mi restaurants, fishing supply stores, and even one that specializes in shipping baby formula to Vietnam (018_2200).“Customers don’t trust the baby formula over there, because they fear it might be counterfeit,” said business owner Dung Tran. “So we buy it from Walmart or Costco here, and ship it overseas.”At Café Paloma, a popular hangout at Grand Century mall, elders proudly wear old camouflage uniforms and reminisce about the old days.“Today you fight one cause, tomorrow you fight for another cause,” said resident Hung Nguyen. “If we cannot sit down and work together, then we cannot go back home to Vietnam.”At a Vietnamese flag raising ceremony at City Hall, former military officers hold out hope the current government will be overthrown. Why are they still angry after 40 years? “Because in Vietnam, no freedom. No freedom. That’s why we angry,” was the response. San Jose State professor Hien Duc Do points out that after 40 years, many Vietnamese have now spent the majority of their lives in the U. S. … and that now may be time to shed the label of “refugee.”“In all of the things that we do, make us more Americans in many ways than Vietnamese refugees,” said Do. “And as such … it’s really important for us to no longer think of ourselves simply as refugees … as being provided these opportunities, but now really claiming our space, claiming our voice, claiming our rights, claiming all those things that historically immigrants have done.”They’ve carved out different paths, some with more success than others. Xung Nam came to the U. S.10 years ago and spends his days collecting bottles and cans on the streets of San Jose. But Dr. Vu Nguyen, who came in his mid-20s, studied and worked hard and now owns a pharmaceutical research company.“I met some people, they try to learn the new language, but it’s still so difficult for them,” said Dr. Nguyen. “They try to get into it. You know, some people can get through it, some people not … I am lucky one.”Lucky or not, they all share the common thread of leaving behind their home and identity. Thu Hien Tran is one of the tens of thousands of Vietnamese to settle in the Bay Area and was recently sworn in as a U. S. citizen. She says she’s thrilled to be here. Would she go back? “No. No. I don’t want. I never … I don’t like my country.”Vietnamese have a special name for April 30 th: “Ngay Mat Nuoc” – The day we lost our country.40 years later, welcome home.
|
[
"Little Saigon district in San Jose.",
"(CBS)Watch Flight From Saigon: 40 Years Later – Thursday, April 30 at 7:00 p.m. on KPIX 5SAN JOSE (KPIX 5) — 40 years after the Fall of Saigon and the end of the Vietnam War, the Bay Area’s Vietnamese community of today looks nothing like the first wave of refugees who first arrived here.",
"From the 70s to the 90s, thousands of so-called boat people undertook a mass migration to the Golden State, drawn by its mild weather and high-skilled tech jobs that required little English.",
"San Jose is now home to 160,000 Vietnamese, the largest population of any single city outside of Vietnam.",
"They have worked their way up the corporate ladder, across a wide range of professional careers, in law, business, and politics.",
"San Jose boasts multiple Vietnamese-language radio and TV stations along with numerous publications.",
"In 2005, Madison Nguyen became the first Vietnamese councilmember in San Jose, and In Northern California.",
"This year, voters did it again and elected Tam Nguyen.",
"Vietnamese businesses in Little Saigon have exploded in numbers and in revenue.",
"Operating niche businesses like banh mi restaurants, fishing supply stores, and even one that specializes in shipping baby formula to Vietnam (018_2200).“Customers don’t trust the baby formula over there, because they fear it might be counterfeit,” said business owner Dung Tran.",
"“So we buy it from Walmart or Costco here, and ship it overseas.”At Café Paloma, a popular hangout at Grand Century mall, elders proudly wear old camouflage uniforms and reminisce about the old days.“Today you fight one cause, tomorrow you fight for another cause,” said resident Hung Nguyen.",
"“If we cannot sit down and work together, then we cannot go back home to Vietnam.”At a Vietnamese flag raising ceremony at City Hall, former military officers hold out hope the current government will be overthrown.",
"Why are they still angry after 40 years?",
"“Because in Vietnam, no freedom.",
"No freedom.",
"That’s why we angry,” was the response.",
"San Jose State professor Hien Duc Do points out that after 40 years, many Vietnamese have now spent the majority of their lives in the U. S. … and that now may be time to shed the label of “refugee.”“In all of the things that we do, make us more Americans in many ways than Vietnamese refugees,” said Do.",
"“And as such … it’s really important for us to no longer think of ourselves simply as refugees … as being provided these opportunities, but now really claiming our space, claiming our voice, claiming our rights, claiming all those things that historically immigrants have done.”They’ve carved out different paths, some with more success than others.",
"Xung Nam came to the U. S.10 years ago and spends his days collecting bottles and cans on the streets of San Jose.",
"But Dr.",
"Vu Nguyen, who came in his mid-20s, studied and worked hard and now owns a pharmaceutical research company.“I met some people, they try to learn the new language, but it’s still so difficult for them,” said Dr. Nguyen.",
"“They try to get into it.",
"You know, some people can get through it, some people not … I am lucky one.”Lucky or not, they all share the common thread of leaving behind their home and identity.",
"Thu Hien Tran is one of the tens of thousands of Vietnamese to settle in the Bay Area and was recently sworn in as a U. S. citizen.",
"She says she’s thrilled to be here.",
"Would she go back?",
"“No.",
"No.",
"I don’t want.",
"I never … I don’t like my country.”Vietnamese have a special name for April 30 th: “Ngay Mat Nuoc” – The day we lost our country.40 years later, welcome home."
] |
D2794375
|
https://www.consumerhealthdigest.com/female-enhancement-products/durex-play.html
|
Durex Play Review: How Safe and Effective Is This Product?
|
Female Enhancement Products Durex Play Review: How Safe and Effective Is This Product?3 / 5.0Page Score:? Advertising Disclosure? Durex Play Overview Durex is an internationally acclaimed trademark that primarily manufactures and sells condoms. Durex stands for durability, reliability, and excellence. Durex play is one of the products associated with the Durex trademark. Durex play represents a range of lubricants specially formulated for exactly what users need at specific times. This range has the following products: Durex Play Feel Durex Play ODurex Play Soothing Massage and Lube Durex Play Warming Durex Play Stimulating Massage and Lube Durex Play Sensual Massage and Lube What is Durex Play used for? Durex play lubricants are water based lubricants that can be used during sexual intercourse. Sometimes when a woman is horny, vaginal lubrication may be minimal to allow for pleasurable sex. Vaginal lubrication is controlled by a variety of factors such as hormones, and it is not always predictable. Durex play lubricants are used when vaginal lubrication is lacking during sexual intercourse or when a woman is using a vibrator. It can be used with a condom. Durex play lubricants are condom friendly. They are also non-greasy and non-sticky. They aid where vaginal lubrication is lacking, but they can also be used to spice things up for an added sensual experience. How to Use Durex Play? Durex play lubricants are generously applied in the intimate areas of man or even on a woman before sexual intercourse. Durex play lubricants also have special added ingredients that make them suitable to massage other parts of the body such as the back for relaxation, tactile stimulation, and an added sensual experience. Durex play lubricants are water soluble hence they can easily be washed off after sexual intercourse. Durex play lubricants can also be safely consumed hence there are suitable for sexual practices such is a oral sex. All in all, Durex play lubricants are used as follows: Application on intimate areas of either of the sexes to boost* vaginal lubrication and for a more sensual feeling A sensual massage on any part of the body or the male genitalia during a hand job Application on intimate areas before oral sex as the product can safely be consumed What are the Active Ingredients found in Durex Play? Durex play soothing massage has aloe vera which is soothing. It can be used for a sensual massage before sexual intercourse as foreplay or during a hand job for a more sensual, soothing and relaxing feeling Durex plays sensual massage lubricant is infused with ylang ylang. Ylang ylang is a tropical plant with powerful aphrodisiac properties. Therefore, when durex play sensual massaged lubricant is gently applied to the genitalia, sexual arousal is enhanced*Durex play stimulating massage lubricant contains gurana, a climbing plant native to Brazil. Gurana is rich in caffeine hence when durex play is stimulating massage lubricant is used; both a woman and her lover feel more mentally alert. In addition, it aids in physical endurance during sexual intercourse Durex play O lubricant has cooling ingredients such as menthol. These ingredients heighten the sensitivity of the clitoris to give it a more tingling and pleasurable sensation when stimulated All Durex play lubricants have safe and added ingredients that make the product complete. Some of these ingredients include water, glycerin and propylene glycol Pros of Durex Play Durex is a reputable brand with a long history of satisfied customers. Therefore, prospect customers are always assured of safe and quality products Durex play lubricants are easily available both online and in drugstores all over the world Durex play lubricants are easy to use and effective Durex play lubricants are water soluble, non-greasy and non-sticky These lubricants can easily be washed. They also do not stain clothes and beddings Durex play lubricants are safe for consumption hence they can be used for oral sex The Durex play product line has a number of products hence the buyer is spoilt for choice on what to choose. Each product is specially designed to fit each user’s needs Durex play lubricants are not your typical lubricants that simply serve where vaginal lubrication is lacking. They have added ingredients for a more sensual experience Cons of Durex Play Durex play lubricants tend to be on the expensive side Durex play lubricants have a very short shelf life of only three months after opening Durex play lubricants are known to cause irritation in some users when applied to the genitalia. In addition, irritation of the eyes is inevitable when the products come into contact with the eyes. This is why the manufactures advice that contact with the eyes should be avoided at all costs The Durex trademark does not reveal the entire list of ingredients found in Durex play lubricants. Only the major ingredients are revealed. This has been known to successfully ward off copycats, but it also decreases* customer trust Final Verdict The Durex trademark is ranked highly. It is known to produce sterling products that do not disappoint. The only hindrance in enjoying the ‘love sex Durex’ experience is the cost implication. Their products, including durex play, tend to be pricy. For some people, this is a small price to pay for quality. But others would prefer looking for cheaper alternatives that can perform the same functions. Whichever side you are on, Durex play lubricants are definitely worth a shot. Many women experience sexual dysfunction, lack of sex drive and/or poor sexual performance, but are too embarrassed to openly talk about it. Sexual dysfunction among women is prevalent, can occur at any age and can be caused by numerous factors. Sexual performance problems can strain your relationship with a partner. Thankfully, female enhancement products may alleviate these problems promoting a healthy, active sex life. Female enhancement products should be based on potency of ingredients, ability to increase sexual sensation and pleasure, ability to heighten arousal and sexual satisfaction and ability to restore sexual desire. Below you’ll find some of the most effective female enhancement supplements on the market today, in our opinion. Our Top Female Enhancement Choices#1Zenofem Product Effectiveness Improves Sexual Stamina & Energy Quality of Ingredients Long Term Results Improves Female Libido#2V-Tight Gel Product Effectiveness Improves Sexual Stamina & Energy Quality of Ingredients Long Term Results Improves Female Libido#3Provestra Product Effectiveness Improves Sexual Stamina & Energy Quality of Ingredients Long Term Results Improves Female Libido#4Her Solution Product Effectiveness Improves Sexual Stamina & Energy Quality of Ingredients Long Term Results Improves Female Libido#5Vigorelle Product Effectiveness Improves Sexual Stamina & Energy Quality of Ingredients Long Term Results Improves Female Libido
|
[
"Female Enhancement Products Durex Play Review: How Safe and Effective Is This Product?3 / 5.0Page Score:?",
"Advertising Disclosure?",
"Durex Play Overview Durex is an internationally acclaimed trademark that primarily manufactures and sells condoms.",
"Durex stands for durability, reliability, and excellence.",
"Durex play is one of the products associated with the Durex trademark.",
"Durex play represents a range of lubricants specially formulated for exactly what users need at specific times.",
"This range has the following products: Durex Play Feel Durex Play ODurex Play Soothing Massage and Lube Durex Play Warming Durex Play Stimulating Massage and Lube Durex Play Sensual Massage and Lube What is Durex Play used for?",
"Durex play lubricants are water based lubricants that can be used during sexual intercourse.",
"Sometimes when a woman is horny, vaginal lubrication may be minimal to allow for pleasurable sex.",
"Vaginal lubrication is controlled by a variety of factors such as hormones, and it is not always predictable.",
"Durex play lubricants are used when vaginal lubrication is lacking during sexual intercourse or when a woman is using a vibrator.",
"It can be used with a condom.",
"Durex play lubricants are condom friendly.",
"They are also non-greasy and non-sticky.",
"They aid where vaginal lubrication is lacking, but they can also be used to spice things up for an added sensual experience.",
"How to Use Durex Play?",
"Durex play lubricants are generously applied in the intimate areas of man or even on a woman before sexual intercourse.",
"Durex play lubricants also have special added ingredients that make them suitable to massage other parts of the body such as the back for relaxation, tactile stimulation, and an added sensual experience.",
"Durex play lubricants are water soluble hence they can easily be washed off after sexual intercourse.",
"Durex play lubricants can also be safely consumed hence there are suitable for sexual practices such is a oral sex.",
"All in all, Durex play lubricants are used as follows: Application on intimate areas of either of the sexes to boost* vaginal lubrication and for a more sensual feeling A sensual massage on any part of the body or the male genitalia during a hand job Application on intimate areas before oral sex as the product can safely be consumed What are the Active Ingredients found in Durex Play?",
"Durex play soothing massage has aloe vera which is soothing.",
"It can be used for a sensual massage before sexual intercourse as foreplay or during a hand job for a more sensual, soothing and relaxing feeling Durex plays sensual massage lubricant is infused with ylang ylang.",
"Ylang ylang is a tropical plant with powerful aphrodisiac properties.",
"Therefore, when durex play sensual massaged lubricant is gently applied to the genitalia, sexual arousal is enhanced*Durex play stimulating massage lubricant contains gurana, a climbing plant native to Brazil.",
"Gurana is rich in caffeine hence when durex play is stimulating massage lubricant is used; both a woman and her lover feel more mentally alert.",
"In addition, it aids in physical endurance during sexual intercourse Durex play O lubricant has cooling ingredients such as menthol.",
"These ingredients heighten the sensitivity of the clitoris to give it a more tingling and pleasurable sensation when stimulated All Durex play lubricants have safe and added ingredients that make the product complete.",
"Some of these ingredients include water, glycerin and propylene glycol Pros of Durex Play Durex is a reputable brand with a long history of satisfied customers.",
"Therefore, prospect customers are always assured of safe and quality products Durex play lubricants are easily available both online and in drugstores all over the world Durex play lubricants are easy to use and effective Durex play lubricants are water soluble, non-greasy and non-sticky These lubricants can easily be washed.",
"They also do not stain clothes and beddings Durex play lubricants are safe for consumption hence they can be used for oral sex The Durex play product line has a number of products hence the buyer is spoilt for choice on what to choose.",
"Each product is specially designed to fit each user’s needs Durex play lubricants are not your typical lubricants that simply serve where vaginal lubrication is lacking.",
"They have added ingredients for a more sensual experience Cons of Durex Play Durex play lubricants tend to be on the expensive side Durex play lubricants have a very short shelf life of only three months after opening Durex play lubricants are known to cause irritation in some users when applied to the genitalia.",
"In addition, irritation of the eyes is inevitable when the products come into contact with the eyes.",
"This is why the manufactures advice that contact with the eyes should be avoided at all costs The Durex trademark does not reveal the entire list of ingredients found in Durex play lubricants.",
"Only the major ingredients are revealed.",
"This has been known to successfully ward off copycats, but it also decreases* customer trust Final Verdict The Durex trademark is ranked highly.",
"It is known to produce sterling products that do not disappoint.",
"The only hindrance in enjoying the ‘love sex Durex’ experience is the cost implication.",
"Their products, including durex play, tend to be pricy.",
"For some people, this is a small price to pay for quality.",
"But others would prefer looking for cheaper alternatives that can perform the same functions.",
"Whichever side you are on, Durex play lubricants are definitely worth a shot.",
"Many women experience sexual dysfunction, lack of sex drive and/or poor sexual performance, but are too embarrassed to openly talk about it.",
"Sexual dysfunction among women is prevalent, can occur at any age and can be caused by numerous factors.",
"Sexual performance problems can strain your relationship with a partner.",
"Thankfully, female enhancement products may alleviate these problems promoting a healthy, active sex life.",
"Female enhancement products should be based on potency of ingredients, ability to increase sexual sensation and pleasure, ability to heighten arousal and sexual satisfaction and ability to restore sexual desire.",
"Below you’ll find some of the most effective female enhancement supplements on the market today, in our opinion.",
"Our Top Female Enhancement Choices#1Zenofem Product Effectiveness Improves Sexual Stamina & Energy Quality of Ingredients Long Term Results Improves Female Libido#2V-Tight Gel Product Effectiveness Improves Sexual Stamina & Energy Quality of Ingredients Long Term Results Improves Female Libido#3Provestra Product Effectiveness Improves Sexual Stamina & Energy Quality of Ingredients Long Term Results Improves Female Libido#4Her Solution Product Effectiveness Improves Sexual Stamina & Energy Quality of Ingredients Long Term Results Improves Female Libido#5Vigorelle Product Effectiveness Improves Sexual Stamina & Energy Quality of Ingredients Long Term Results Improves Female Libido"
] |
D1826689
|
http://wjla.com/news/videos/state-theatre-in-falls-church-robbed-98741
|
State Theatre in Falls Church robbed
|
"State Theatre in Falls Church robbedby Hatzel Vela A AFALLS CHURCH, Va. (WJLA) - One of the biggest nights of the year at one of the region's most historic venues was marred by an armed robbery just hours after the turn of the calendar. Falls Church Police officials are looking for two young men who held an employee at the State Theatre at gunpoint Wednesday morning and got away with cash. The robbery happened inside the North Washington Street theatre just before 7 a.m. on New Year's Day. Authorities say two men walked into the building and demanded cash from an employee. They both got away with an unknown amount of cash. Officials say the theatre employee was not injured. Just hours earlier, the State Theatre was rocking with New Year's Eve partiers at a sold-out concert put on by The Legwarmers, a 1980s cover band. One of the band's performers said that at least 1,000 revelers packed the building to ring in the new year. Rebecca Tax, the owner of a restaurant and bar close to the State, says that it's alarming and upsetting to hear about the robbery. ""I'm just glad that they're all safe and that it was only money that was taken,"" Tax, the owner of Clare and Don's Beach Shack, said. The State Theatre originally opened as a movie theater in 1936 and was closed in 1988. A renovation effort led to the venue's reopening in the late 1990s. Anyone with information about the robbery should call the City of Falls Church Police Department at 703-241-5053. { }Trending1Stink bug season begins: Here's how to get rid of them2US Secret Service officer charged with possession of child pornography3Are your kids JUULing at school? 7 On Your Side investigates4Md. Gov. Larry Hogan against arming teachers, open to armed, trained resource officers5Principal denies making Prince William County middle school a 'toxic' environment DON'T MISS OUTStay Connected with WJLALike Follow© Sinclair Broadcast Group Terms Privacy FCC Info EEO "
|
[
"\"State Theatre in Falls Church robbedby Hatzel Vela A AFALLS CHURCH, Va. (WJLA) - One of the biggest nights of the year at one of the region's most historic venues was marred by an armed robbery just hours after the turn of the calendar.",
"Falls Church Police officials are looking for two young men who held an employee at the State Theatre at gunpoint Wednesday morning and got away with cash.",
"The robbery happened inside the North Washington Street theatre just before 7 a.m. on New Year's Day.",
"Authorities say two men walked into the building and demanded cash from an employee.",
"They both got away with an unknown amount of cash.",
"Officials say the theatre employee was not injured.",
"Just hours earlier, the State Theatre was rocking with New Year's Eve partiers at a sold-out concert put on by The Legwarmers, a 1980s cover band.",
"One of the band's performers said that at least 1,000 revelers packed the building to ring in the new year.",
"Rebecca Tax, the owner of a restaurant and bar close to the State, says that it's alarming and upsetting to hear about the robbery.",
"\"\"I'm just glad that they're all safe and that it was only money that was taken,\"\" Tax, the owner of Clare and Don's Beach Shack, said.",
"The State Theatre originally opened as a movie theater in 1936 and was closed in 1988.",
"A renovation effort led to the venue's reopening in the late 1990s.",
"Anyone with information about the robbery should call the City of Falls Church Police Department at 703-241-5053.",
"{ }Trending1Stink bug season begins: Here's how to get rid of them2US Secret Service officer charged with possession of child pornography3Are your kids JUULing at school?",
"7 On Your Side investigates4Md.",
"Gov.",
"Larry Hogan against arming teachers, open to armed, trained resource officers5Principal denies making Prince William County middle school a 'toxic' environment DON'T MISS OUTStay Connected with WJLALike Follow© Sinclair Broadcast Group Terms Privacy FCC Info EEO \""
] |
D1638808
|
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/gradual
|
gradual
|
gradual [ graj -oo- uh l]Spell Syllables Synonyms Examples Word Origin See more synonyms on Thesaurus.comadjective1. taking place, changing, moving, etc., by small degrees or little by little: gradual improvement in health.2. rising or descending at an even, moderate inclination: a gradual slope.noun3. Ecclesiastical. ( often initial capital letter)an antiphon sung between the Epistle and the Gospel in the Eucharistic service.a book containing the words and music of the parts of the liturgy that are sung by the choir. Origin of gradual Expandlate Middle English Medieval Latin1375-14251375-1425; late Middle English < Medieval Latingraduālis pertaining to steps, graduāle the part of the service sung as the choir stood on the altar steps, equivalent to Latin gradu (s) step, grade + -ālis -al 1Related forms Expandgradually, adverbgradualness, nounungradual, adjectiveungradually, adverb Synonyms Expand See more synonyms on Thesaurus.com2. gentle. Antonyms Expand1. sudden. 2. precipitous. Synonym Study Expand1. See slow.
|
[
"gradual [ graj -oo- uh l]Spell Syllables Synonyms Examples Word Origin See more synonyms on Thesaurus.comadjective1.",
"taking place, changing, moving, etc., by small degrees or little by little: gradual improvement in health.2.",
"rising or descending at an even, moderate inclination: a gradual slope.noun3.",
"Ecclesiastical.",
"( often initial capital letter)an antiphon sung between the Epistle and the Gospel in the Eucharistic service.a book containing the words and music of the parts of the liturgy that are sung by the choir.",
"Origin of gradual Expandlate Middle English Medieval Latin1375-14251375-1425; late Middle English < Medieval Latingraduālis pertaining to steps, graduāle the part of the service sung as the choir stood on the altar steps, equivalent to Latin gradu (s) step, grade + -ālis -al 1Related forms Expandgradually, adverbgradualness, nounungradual, adjectiveungradually, adverb Synonyms Expand See more synonyms on Thesaurus.com2.",
"gentle.",
"Antonyms Expand1.",
"sudden.",
"2. precipitous.",
"Synonym Study Expand1.",
"See slow."
] |
D2287484
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_(symbol)
|
Heart (symbol)
|
"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the graphical symbol. For the symbolic or metaphorical use of the word, see Heart § Symbolism. For other uses, see Heart (disambiguation). This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (September 2017)This article contains too many pictures, charts or diagrams for its overall length. Please help to improve this article by removing images that are redundant to the topic or duplicate another image, in accordance with the Manual of Style on use of images. (October 2017)A conventional heart symbol The heart shape ( ♥) is an ideograph used to express the idea of the ""heart"" in its metaphorical or symbolic sense as the center of emotion, including affection and love, especially romantic love. The ""wounded heart"" indicating love sickness came to be depicted as a heart symbol pierced with an arrow ( Cupid 's), or heart symbol ""broken"" in two or more pieces. Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Origins of symbol1.2 Earliest use1.3 Renaissance and early modern1.4 Modern2 Heraldry3 Botanical symbolism : Silphium4 Encoding5 Parametrisation6 See also7 References7.1 Inline citations7.2 Works cited7.3 General references8 External links History [ edit]Origins of symbol [ edit]Greek. In the 6th-5th century BC, the heart shape was used to represent the heart-shaped fruit of the plant Silphium, [1] a plant possibly used as a contraceptive [2] Many species in the parsley family have estrogenic properties, and some, such as wild carrot, were used to induce abortion. [3] Silver coins from Cyrene of the 6–5th BC bear a similar design, sometimes accompanied by a silphium plant and is understood to represent its seed or fruit. [4]Earliest use [ edit]The earliest known visual depiction of a heart symbol, as a lover hands his heart to the beloved lady, in a manuscript of the Roman de la poire 'mid-13th century. The combination of the heart shape and its use within the heart metaphor developed at the end of the Middle Ages, although the shape has been used in many ancient epigraphy monuments and texts. With possible early examples or direct predecessors in the 13th to 14th century, the familiar symbol of the heart representing love developed in the 15th century, and became popular in Europe during the 16th. [5] Before the 14th century, the heart shape was not associated with the meaning of the heart metaphor. The geometric shape itself is found in much earlier sources, but in such instances does not depict a heart, but typically foliage: in examples from antiquity fig leaves, and in medieval iconography and heraldry typically the leaves of ivy and of the water-lily. The first known depiction of a heart as a symbol of romantic love dates to the 1250s. It occurs in a miniature decorating a capital 'S' in a manuscript of the French Roman de la poire (National Library FR MS. 2086, plate 12). In the miniature a kneeling lover (or more precisely, an allegory of the lover's ""sweet gaze"" or douz regart) offers his heart to a damsel. The heart here resembles a pine cone (held ""upside down"", the point facing upward), in accord with medieval anatomical descriptions. However, in this miniature what suggests a heart shape is only the result of a lover's finger superimposed on an object; the full shape outline of the object is partly hidden, and therefore unknown. Moreover, the French title of the manuscript that features the miniature translates into ""Novel Of The Pear"" in English. Thus the heart shaped object would be a pear; the conclusion that a pear represents a heart is dubious. Opinions therefore differ over this being the first depiction of a heart as symbol of romantic love. [6] Giotto in his 1305 painting in the Scrovegni Chapel ( Padua) shows an allegory of charity (caritas) handing her heart to Jesus Christ. This heart is also depicted in the pine cone shape based on anatomical descriptions of the day (still held ""upside down""). Giotto's painting exerted considerable influence on later painters, and the motive of Caritas offering a heart is shown by Taddeo Gaddi in Santa Croce, by Andrea Pisano on the bronze door of the south porch of the Baptisterium in Florence (c. 1337), by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in the Palazzo Publico in Siena (c. 1340) and by Andrea da Firenze in Santa Maria Novella in Florence (c. 1365). The convention of showing the heart point upward switches in the late 14th century and becomes rare in the first half of the 15th century. [6]The ""scalloped"" shape of the now-familiar heart symbol, with a dent in its base, arises in the early 14th century, at first only lightly dented, as in the miniatures in Francesco Barberino's Documenti d'amore (before 1320). A slightly later example with a more pronounced dent is found in a manuscript from the Cistercian monastery in Brussels (MS 4459–70, fol 192v. Royal Library of Belgium). The convention of showing a dent at the base of the heart thus spread at about the same time as the convention of showing the heart with its point downward. [7] The modern indented red heart has been used on playing cards since the late 15th century. [8]Various hypotheses attempted to connect the ""heart shape"" as it evolved in the Late Middle Ages with instances of the geometric shape in antiquity. [9] Such theories are modern, proposed from the 1960s onward, and they remain speculative, as no continuity between the supposed ancient predecessors and the late medieval tradition can be shown. Specific suggestions include: the shape of the seed of the silphium plant, used in ancient times as an herbal contraceptive, [9] [10] and stylized depictions of features of the human female body, such as the female's breasts, buttocks, pubic mound, or spread vulva. [11]Renaissance and early modern [ edit]Hearts can be seen on the Bible Jesus holds in the Empress Zoë mosaic in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. It probably dates from 1239. Mosaic of the Empress Zoe in the Hagia Sophia, 1239Hearts can also be seen on various stucco reliefs and wall panels excavated from the ruins of Ctesiphon, the Persian capital (circa 90 BC – 637 AD). [12] [13] [14]The Luther rose was the seal that was designed for Martin Luther at the behest of Prince John Frederick, in 1530, while Luther was staying at the Coburg Fortress during the Diet of Augsburg. Luther wrote an explanation of the symbol to Lazarus Spengler: ""a black cross in a heart, which retains its natural color, so that I myself would be reminded that faith in the Crucified saves us. 'For one who believes from the heart will be justified' ( Romans 10:10)."" [15]The aorta remains visible, as a protrusion at the top centered between the two ""chambers"" indicated in the symbol, in some depictions of the Sacred Heart well into the 18th century, and is partly still shown today (although mostly obscured by elements such as a crown, flames, rays, or a cross) but the ""hearts"" suit did not have this element since the 15th century. The heart symbol reached Japan with the Nanban trade of 1543 to 1614, as evidenced by an Edo period Samurai helmet (dated c. 1630), which includes both the rounded and indented forms of the heart symbol, representing the heart of Marishiten, goddess of archers. [16]The chanson Belle, Bonne, Sage by Baude Cordier, written in the shape of a heart, in the Chantilly Codex. This is one of two dedicatory pieces placed at the beginning of the older (late 14th century) corpus, probably to replace the original first fascicle, which is missing. Early depiction of the Heart of Jesus in the context of the Five Wounds (the wounded heart here depicting Christ's wound inflicted by the Lance of Longinus) in a 15th-century manuscript (Cologne Mn Kn 28-1181 fol. 116)1486 depiction of the Five Wounds Miniature from the Petit Livre d'Amour (c. 1500), showing the author Pierre Sala ( fr) depositing his heart in a marguerite flower (symbolizing his mistress, who was called Marguerite). Also worth mentioning is the miniature on fol. 13r, showing two women catching winged hearts in a net. The Luther rose, 1706 print after the 1530 design. Hearts suit in a 1540s German deck of playing cards The Danish "" Heart Book "", a heart-shaped manuscript of love ballads from the 1550s. Augustine of Hippo holding a heart in his hand which is set alight by a ray emanating from divine Truth ( Veritas ), painting by Philippe de Champaigne, ca. 1650. Allegorical painting of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The central heart radiates hearts gathered up by Putti. By Robert la Longe, ca. 1705. Leaden heart of Raesfeld chapel (funerary casket containing the heart of Christoph Otto von Velen, d. 1733)18th-century depiction of the Sacred Heart from the vision of Marguerite Marie Alacoque (d. 1690). The heart is both ""heart shaped"" and drawn anatomically correct, with both the aorta and the pulmonary artery visible, with the crucifix placed inside the aorta. Another anatomically correct Sacred Heart, painted in c. 1770 by José de Páez. Modern [ edit]Since the 19th century, the symbol has often been used on Valentine's Day cards, candy boxes, and similar popular culture artifacts as a symbol of romantic love. The use of the heart symbol as a logograph for the English verb ""to love"" derives from the use in "" I ♥ NY ,"" introduced in 1977. [17]Heart symbols were used to symbolize ""health"" or ""lives"" in video games; influentially so in The Legend of Zelda (1986). Super Mario Bros. 2 (1987, 1988) had a ""life bar"" composed of hexagons, but in 1990s remakes of these games, the hexagons were replaced by heart shapes. Since the 1990s, the heart symbol has also been used as an ideogram indicating health outside of the video gaming context, e.g. its use by restaurants to indicate heart-healthy nutrient content claim (e.g. ""low in cholesterol ""). A copyrighted ""heart-check"" symbol to indicate heart-healthy food was introduced by the American Heart Association in 1995. [18]A heart-shaped ""Map of Woman's Heart"" (1830s)Two burning hearts, coloured pink, illustration on a Victorian-era Valentine's Day card. A "" Vinegar Valentine "" card from the 1870s, with a red heart symbol pierced by six arrows. The traditional ""heart shape"" appears on a 1910 Valentine's Day card. Sheet music cover of ""Look in His Eyes"", from the musical Have a Heart (1913). Wedding ring of groom and a bride with shadow in form of heart - symbolic sense of love Heraldry [ edit]""Heart field"" or ""heart shield"" are terms for an inescutcheon placed en surtout. Coat of arms of the Principality of Lüneburg, originating with William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg (d. 1213) who married Helena, daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark, and therefore adopted the ""Danish tincture"" to the arms of his father, Henry the Lion. [19]The earliest heart-shaped charges in heraldry appear in the 12th century; the hearts in the coat of arms of Denmark go back to the royal banner of the kings of Denmark, in turn based on a seal used as early as the 1190s. However, while the charges are clearly heart-shaped, they did not in origin depict hearts, or symbolize any idea related to love. Instead they are assumed to have depicted the leaves of the water-lily. Early heraldic heart-shaped charges depicting the leaves of water-lilies are found in various other designs related to territories close to rivers or a coastline ( e.g. Flags of Frisia ). Inverted heart symbols have been used in heraldry as stylized testicles ( coglioni in Italian) as in the canting arms of the Colleoni family of Milan. [20]A seal attributed to William, Lord of Douglas (of 1333) shows a heart shape, identified as the heart of Robert the Bruce. The authenticity of this seal is ""very questionable"", [21] i.e. it could possibly date to the late 14th or even the 15th century. [22]Heraldic charges actually representing hearts became more common in the early modern period, with the Sacred Heart depicted in ecclesiastical heraldry, and hearts representing love appearing in bourgeois coats of arms. Hearts also later became popular elements in municipal coats of arms. Botanical symbolism : Silphium [ edit]Main article: Silphium There has been some conjecture regarding the link between the traditional heart symbol and images of the fruit of Silphium, a (probably) extinct plant known to classical antiquity and belonging to the genus Ferula, used as a condiment and medicine, (the medicinal properties including contraceptive and abortifacient activity, linking the plant to sexuality and love). [23] Silver coins from the ancient Libya of the 6th - 5th BC bear images strongly reminiscent of the heart symbol, sometimes accompanied by images of the Silphium plant. [24] [25] The related Ferula species Asafoetida - which was actually used as an inferior substitute for Silphium - is regarded as an aphrodisiac in Tibet and India, suggesting yet a third amatory association relating to Silphium. [26]Ancient silver coin from Cyrene, Libya depicting the heart-shaped 'seed' (actually fruit) of Silphium. Example of a heart-shaped mericarp fruit in a plant ( Heracleum sphondylium) belonging, like the unidentified Silphium, to the Parsley family, Apiaceae. Ferula assa-foetida a species of Giant Fennel belonging to the same genus as the ancient Silphium and regarded as having similar properties, while being an inferior substitute for the plant. Ferula tingitana : a possible identity for Silphium. Encoding [ edit]This section contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. A common emoticon for the heart is <3. In Unicode several heart symbols are available: Glyph Description HTML code Alt codes♡ U+2661 WHITE HEART SUIT ♡ or ♡♥ U+2665 BLACK HEART SUIT♥ or ♥ or ♥Alt + 3❤ U+2764 HEAVY BLACK HEART ❤ or ❤❥ U+2765 ROTATED HEAVY BLACK HEART BULLET ❥ or ❥❣ U+2763 HEAVY HEART EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT❣ or ❣And from the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs range associated with emoji: Glyph Description HTML code U+1F394 HEART WITH TIP ON THE LEFT 🎔 U+1F491 COUPLE WITH HEART 💑 U+1F493 BEATING HEART 💓 U+1F494 BROKEN HEART 💔 U+1F495 TWO HEARTS 💕 U+1F496 SPARKLING HEART 💖 U+1F497 GROWING HEART 💗 U+1F498 HEART WITH ARROW 💘 U+1F499 BLUE HEART 💙 U+1F49A GREEN HEART 💚 U+1F49B YELLOW HEART 💛 U+1F49C PURPLE HEART 💜 U+1F49D HEART WITH RIBBON 💝 U+1F49E REVOLVING HEARTS 💞 U+1F49F HEART DECORATION 💟In Code page 437, the original character set of the IBM PC, the value of 3 (hexadecimal 03) represents the heart symbol. This value is shared with the non-printing ETX control character, which overrides the glyph in many contexts. The Unicode character of the letter ghan of the Georgian alphabet ( ღ) has seen some use as a surrogate heart symbol in online communication. [ according to whom?] [ year needed]Parametrisation [ edit]A number of parametrisations of approximately heart-shaped curves have been described. The best-known of these is the cardioid, which is an epicycloid with one cusp; [27] though as the cardioid lacks the point, it may be seen as a stylized water-lily leaf, a so-called seeblatt, rather than a heart. Other curves, such as the implicit curve (x 2 +y 2 −1) 3 −x 2 y 3 =0, may produce better approximations of the heart shape. [28]A cardioid generated by a rolling circle (animated) Implicit heart curve (x 2 + y 2 − 1) 3 − x 2 y 3 = 0 Parametric plot of the curve ()Heart by Hamid Naderi Yeganeh [29]Implicit heart surface Simple form made from two perpendicular lines and two circular arcs.heart curve on ti-89 graphics calculatorparametric equation of heart curve on ti-89 graphics calculator See also [ edit]Cordata, Cordatum and Cordatus, Latin adjectives meaning heart-shaped Seeblatt References [ edit]Inline citations [ edit]^ Favorito, E. N.; Baty, K. (February 1995). ""The Silphium Connection"". Celator. 9 (2): 6–8.^ Did the ancient Romans use a natural herb for birth control?, The Straight Dope, October 13, 2006^ Riddle, John M. (1994). Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance. harvard university press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0674168763.^ T. V. Buttrey, "" The Coins and the Cult "", Expedition magazine vol. 34, Nos. 1–2 ""Special Issue: Gifts to the Goddesses—Cyrene's Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone"", Spring–Summer 1992.^ Kemp (2011), 96–99.^ a b Vinken (2001).^ Vinken (2001): ""The change from the spherical to the scalloped form of the heart base happened more or less in train with the differing way in which the heart was held, and has dominated visual representations of the heart ever since. ""^ A Breef History of Playing Cardes, by Charles Knutson, Renaissance Magazine 2001 ""Archived copy"". Archived from the original on 2010-12-20. Retrieved 2013-05-27.^ a b The Shape of My Heart: Where did the ubiquitous Valentine's symbol come from? by Keelin Mc Donell, Slate.com, Tuesday, Feb. 13, 2007.^ Sowing the seeds of love, The Age, by Luke Benedictus, February 12, 2006; use as contraceptive: Pliny the Elder, XXII, Ch. 49^ proposed by Gloria Steinem in the 1998 introduction to the Vagina Monologues online copy [ permanent dead link]; ""For example, the shape we call a heart—whose symmetry resembles the vulva far more than the asymmetry of the organ that shares its name—is probably a residual female genital symbol. It was reduced from power to romance by centuries of male dominance. "", based on an earlier suggestion by Tanzer (1969) that the shape was used as a symbol indicating brothels in ancient Pompeii). Tanzer (1969). The Common People of Pompeii. A study of the graffiti. With illustrations and a map^ Roundel with radiating palmettes. (n.d.). Retrieved April 7, 2015, from http://metmuseum.org/exhibitions/view?exhibition Id= {60853040-AE7E-4162-8FA7-525505D6B633}&oid=322631^ Fragments of stucco roundels in situ, Taq-i Kisra, south building, Ctesiphon, Iraq, 1931–32. (n.d.). Retrieved April 7, 2015, from http://www.metmuseum.org/met-around-the-world/images/wb_large/wb_Ctesiphon2.jpg^ ""Wall panel with a guinea fowl [Sasanian] (32.150.13)"". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/32.150.13 (March 2012)^ gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca Archived 2006-10-10 at the Wayback Machine ., i-p-c-s.org ""Archived copy"". Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-03-17. antiquemapsandprints.com, obviously more research is needed here. [ unreliable source? ]^ Samurai helmet representing the flaming jewel, by Unkai Mitsuhisa ca 1630, Ann and Gabriel Barbier-Mueller Collection, exhibited at Boston Fine Arts Museum, April–August 2013.^ ""Subsequently the heart symbol became a shorthand for enthusiasm for everything form software to Yorkshire terriers. It was a stamp that validated lifestyles. People could ♥ their grandchildren or line dancing or Buddha."" Stephen Amidon, Thomas Amidon, The Sublime Engine: A Biography of the Human Heart (2011), p. 193.^ ""the heart-check mark that began to appear on a wide array of food packaging in 1995. The symbol consists of a heart branded with a bold, efficient check mark. It is copyrighted by the American Heart Association (AHA) which licences it for a nominal fee to companies whose products meet the organization's criteria for saturated fat and cholesterol content."" Stephen Amidon, Thomas Amidon, The Sublime Engine: A Biography of the Human Heart (2011), p. 193.^ C. Weyers in: Stengel (ed. ), Archiv für Diplomatik: Schriftgeschichte, Siegel, und Wappenkunde, Volume 54, 2008, p. 100.^ Woodward, John and George Burnett (1969). Woodward's a treatise on heraldry, British and foreign, page 203. Originally published 1892, Edinburgh: W. & A. B. Johnson. ISBN 0-7153-4464-1. LCCN 02-20303^ Mc Andrew, Scotland's Historic Heraldry, 2006, p. 141^ Mc Andrew 2006, p. 213.^ Favorito, E. N.; Baty, K. (February 1995). ""The Silphium Connection"". Celator. 9 (2): 6–8.^ T. V. Buttrey, ""The Coins and the Cult"", Expedition magazine vol. 34, Nos. 1–2 ""Special Issue: Gifts to the Goddesses—Cyrene's Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone"", Spring–Summer 1992.^ Koerper, H.; Kolls, A. L. (1999). ""The Silphium Motif Adorning Ancient Libyan Coinage: Marketing a Medicinal Plant"". Economic Botany. 53 (2): 133–143. JSTOR 4256173. doi:10.1007/BF02866492.^http://thepoisondiaries.tumblr.com/post/42771270639/aphrodisiac-asafoetida-ferula-asa-foetida^ Weisstein, Eric W., "" Cardioid "" from Math World.^ Eric W. Weisstein, ""Heart Curve."" From Math World^ ""Hamid Naderi Yeganeh, ""Heart"" (November 2014)"". American Mathematical Society. November 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2015. Works cited [ edit]Martin Kemp, ""The Heart"" in Christ to Coke: How Image Becomes Icon, Oxford University Press, 2011, 81–113. P. J. Vinken (2000), The Shape of the Heart: A Contribution to the Iconology of the Heart (illustrated ed. ), Elsevier Health Sciences, ISBN 978-0-444-82987-0General references [ edit]Vinken, P (2001), ""How the heart was held in medieval art"", The Lancet, 358 (9299): 2155–2157, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (01)07224-5, PMID 11784647External links [ edit]Find more about Heart (symbol) at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Wikimedia Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata The Heart Symbol – Origin, History And Significance (essay by cardiologist Armin Dietz)List of Unicode Heart Symbols Categories:15th-century introductions Heart Heraldic charges Late Middle Ages Pictograms Playing cards Romance Symbols "
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"\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search This article is about the graphical symbol.",
"For the symbolic or metaphorical use of the word, see Heart § Symbolism.",
"For other uses, see Heart (disambiguation).",
"This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents.",
"Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article.",
"Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page.",
"(September 2017)This article contains too many pictures, charts or diagrams for its overall length.",
"Please help to improve this article by removing images that are redundant to the topic or duplicate another image, in accordance with the Manual of Style on use of images.",
"(October 2017)A conventional heart symbol The heart shape ( ♥) is an ideograph used to express the idea of the \"\"heart\"\" in its metaphorical or symbolic sense as the center of emotion, including affection and love, especially romantic love.",
"The \"\"wounded heart\"\" indicating love sickness came to be depicted as a heart symbol pierced with an arrow ( Cupid 's), or heart symbol \"\"broken\"\" in two or more pieces.",
"Contents [ hide ]1 History1.1 Origins of symbol1.2 Earliest use1.3 Renaissance and early modern1.4 Modern2 Heraldry3 Botanical symbolism : Silphium4 Encoding5 Parametrisation6 See also7 References7.1 Inline citations7.2 Works cited7.3 General references8 External links History [ edit]Origins of symbol [ edit]Greek.",
"In the 6th-5th century BC, the heart shape was used to represent the heart-shaped fruit of the plant Silphium, [1] a plant possibly used as a contraceptive [2] Many species in the parsley family have estrogenic properties, and some, such as wild carrot, were used to induce abortion.",
"[3] Silver coins from Cyrene of the 6–5th BC bear a similar design, sometimes accompanied by a silphium plant and is understood to represent its seed or fruit.",
"[4]Earliest use [ edit]The earliest known visual depiction of a heart symbol, as a lover hands his heart to the beloved lady, in a manuscript of the Roman de la poire 'mid-13th century.",
"The combination of the heart shape and its use within the heart metaphor developed at the end of the Middle Ages, although the shape has been used in many ancient epigraphy monuments and texts.",
"With possible early examples or direct predecessors in the 13th to 14th century, the familiar symbol of the heart representing love developed in the 15th century, and became popular in Europe during the 16th.",
"[5] Before the 14th century, the heart shape was not associated with the meaning of the heart metaphor.",
"The geometric shape itself is found in much earlier sources, but in such instances does not depict a heart, but typically foliage: in examples from antiquity fig leaves, and in medieval iconography and heraldry typically the leaves of ivy and of the water-lily.",
"The first known depiction of a heart as a symbol of romantic love dates to the 1250s.",
"It occurs in a miniature decorating a capital 'S' in a manuscript of the French Roman de la poire (National Library FR MS. 2086, plate 12).",
"In the miniature a kneeling lover (or more precisely, an allegory of the lover's \"\"sweet gaze\"\" or douz regart) offers his heart to a damsel.",
"The heart here resembles a pine cone (held \"\"upside down\"\", the point facing upward), in accord with medieval anatomical descriptions.",
"However, in this miniature what suggests a heart shape is only the result of a lover's finger superimposed on an object; the full shape outline of the object is partly hidden, and therefore unknown.",
"Moreover, the French title of the manuscript that features the miniature translates into \"\"Novel Of The Pear\"\" in English.",
"Thus the heart shaped object would be a pear; the conclusion that a pear represents a heart is dubious.",
"Opinions therefore differ over this being the first depiction of a heart as symbol of romantic love.",
"[6] Giotto in his 1305 painting in the Scrovegni Chapel ( Padua) shows an allegory of charity (caritas) handing her heart to Jesus Christ.",
"This heart is also depicted in the pine cone shape based on anatomical descriptions of the day (still held \"\"upside down\"\").",
"Giotto's painting exerted considerable influence on later painters, and the motive of Caritas offering a heart is shown by Taddeo Gaddi in Santa Croce, by Andrea Pisano on the bronze door of the south porch of the Baptisterium in Florence (c. 1337), by Ambrogio Lorenzetti in the Palazzo Publico in Siena (c. 1340) and by Andrea da Firenze in Santa Maria Novella in Florence (c. 1365).",
"The convention of showing the heart point upward switches in the late 14th century and becomes rare in the first half of the 15th century.",
"[6]The \"\"scalloped\"\" shape of the now-familiar heart symbol, with a dent in its base, arises in the early 14th century, at first only lightly dented, as in the miniatures in Francesco Barberino's Documenti d'amore (before 1320).",
"A slightly later example with a more pronounced dent is found in a manuscript from the Cistercian monastery in Brussels (MS 4459–70, fol 192v.",
"Royal Library of Belgium).",
"The convention of showing a dent at the base of the heart thus spread at about the same time as the convention of showing the heart with its point downward.",
"[7] The modern indented red heart has been used on playing cards since the late 15th century.",
"[8]Various hypotheses attempted to connect the \"\"heart shape\"\" as it evolved in the Late Middle Ages with instances of the geometric shape in antiquity.",
"[9] Such theories are modern, proposed from the 1960s onward, and they remain speculative, as no continuity between the supposed ancient predecessors and the late medieval tradition can be shown.",
"Specific suggestions include: the shape of the seed of the silphium plant, used in ancient times as an herbal contraceptive, [9] [10] and stylized depictions of features of the human female body, such as the female's breasts, buttocks, pubic mound, or spread vulva.",
"[11]Renaissance and early modern [ edit]Hearts can be seen on the Bible Jesus holds in the Empress Zoë mosaic in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul.",
"It probably dates from 1239.",
"Mosaic of the Empress Zoe in the Hagia Sophia, 1239Hearts can also be seen on various stucco reliefs and wall panels excavated from the ruins of Ctesiphon, the Persian capital (circa 90 BC – 637 AD).",
"[12] [13] [14]The Luther rose was the seal that was designed for Martin Luther at the behest of Prince John Frederick, in 1530, while Luther was staying at the Coburg Fortress during the Diet of Augsburg.",
"Luther wrote an explanation of the symbol to Lazarus Spengler: \"\"a black cross in a heart, which retains its natural color, so that I myself would be reminded that faith in the Crucified saves us.",
"'For one who believes from the heart will be justified' ( Romans 10:10).\"\"",
"[15]The aorta remains visible, as a protrusion at the top centered between the two \"\"chambers\"\" indicated in the symbol, in some depictions of the Sacred Heart well into the 18th century, and is partly still shown today (although mostly obscured by elements such as a crown, flames, rays, or a cross) but the \"\"hearts\"\" suit did not have this element since the 15th century.",
"The heart symbol reached Japan with the Nanban trade of 1543 to 1614, as evidenced by an Edo period Samurai helmet (dated c. 1630), which includes both the rounded and indented forms of the heart symbol, representing the heart of Marishiten, goddess of archers.",
"[16]The chanson Belle, Bonne, Sage by Baude Cordier, written in the shape of a heart, in the Chantilly Codex.",
"This is one of two dedicatory pieces placed at the beginning of the older (late 14th century) corpus, probably to replace the original first fascicle, which is missing.",
"Early depiction of the Heart of Jesus in the context of the Five Wounds (the wounded heart here depicting Christ's wound inflicted by the Lance of Longinus) in a 15th-century manuscript (Cologne Mn Kn 28-1181 fol.",
"116)1486 depiction of the Five Wounds Miniature from the Petit Livre d'Amour (c. 1500), showing the author Pierre Sala ( fr) depositing his heart in a marguerite flower (symbolizing his mistress, who was called Marguerite).",
"Also worth mentioning is the miniature on fol.",
"13r, showing two women catching winged hearts in a net.",
"The Luther rose, 1706 print after the 1530 design.",
"Hearts suit in a 1540s German deck of playing cards The Danish \"\" Heart Book \"\", a heart-shaped manuscript of love ballads from the 1550s.",
"Augustine of Hippo holding a heart in his hand which is set alight by a ray emanating from divine Truth ( Veritas ), painting by Philippe de Champaigne, ca.",
"1650.",
"Allegorical painting of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.",
"The central heart radiates hearts gathered up by Putti.",
"By Robert la Longe, ca.",
"1705.",
"Leaden heart of Raesfeld chapel (funerary casket containing the heart of Christoph Otto von Velen, d. 1733)18th-century depiction of the Sacred Heart from the vision of Marguerite Marie Alacoque (d. 1690).",
"The heart is both \"\"heart shaped\"\" and drawn anatomically correct, with both the aorta and the pulmonary artery visible, with the crucifix placed inside the aorta.",
"Another anatomically correct Sacred Heart, painted in c. 1770 by José de Páez.",
"Modern [ edit]Since the 19th century, the symbol has often been used on Valentine's Day cards, candy boxes, and similar popular culture artifacts as a symbol of romantic love.",
"The use of the heart symbol as a logograph for the English verb \"\"to love\"\" derives from the use in \"\" I ♥ NY ,\"\" introduced in 1977.",
"[17]Heart symbols were used to symbolize \"\"health\"\" or \"\"lives\"\" in video games; influentially so in The Legend of Zelda (1986).",
"Super Mario Bros. 2 (1987, 1988) had a \"\"life bar\"\" composed of hexagons, but in 1990s remakes of these games, the hexagons were replaced by heart shapes.",
"Since the 1990s, the heart symbol has also been used as an ideogram indicating health outside of the video gaming context, e.g.",
"its use by restaurants to indicate heart-healthy nutrient content claim (e.g.",
"\"\"low in cholesterol \"\").",
"A copyrighted \"\"heart-check\"\" symbol to indicate heart-healthy food was introduced by the American Heart Association in 1995.",
"[18]A heart-shaped \"\"Map of Woman's Heart\"\" (1830s)Two burning hearts, coloured pink, illustration on a Victorian-era Valentine's Day card.",
"A \"\" Vinegar Valentine \"\" card from the 1870s, with a red heart symbol pierced by six arrows.",
"The traditional \"\"heart shape\"\" appears on a 1910 Valentine's Day card.",
"Sheet music cover of \"\"Look in His Eyes\"\", from the musical Have a Heart (1913).",
"Wedding ring of groom and a bride with shadow in form of heart - symbolic sense of love Heraldry [ edit]\"\"Heart field\"\" or \"\"heart shield\"\" are terms for an inescutcheon placed en surtout.",
"Coat of arms of the Principality of Lüneburg, originating with William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg (d. 1213) who married Helena, daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark, and therefore adopted the \"\"Danish tincture\"\" to the arms of his father, Henry the Lion.",
"[19]The earliest heart-shaped charges in heraldry appear in the 12th century; the hearts in the coat of arms of Denmark go back to the royal banner of the kings of Denmark, in turn based on a seal used as early as the 1190s.",
"However, while the charges are clearly heart-shaped, they did not in origin depict hearts, or symbolize any idea related to love.",
"Instead they are assumed to have depicted the leaves of the water-lily.",
"Early heraldic heart-shaped charges depicting the leaves of water-lilies are found in various other designs related to territories close to rivers or a coastline ( e.g.",
"Flags of Frisia ).",
"Inverted heart symbols have been used in heraldry as stylized testicles ( coglioni in Italian) as in the canting arms of the Colleoni family of Milan.",
"[20]A seal attributed to William, Lord of Douglas (of 1333) shows a heart shape, identified as the heart of Robert the Bruce.",
"The authenticity of this seal is \"\"very questionable\"\", [21] i.e.",
"it could possibly date to the late 14th or even the 15th century.",
"[22]Heraldic charges actually representing hearts became more common in the early modern period, with the Sacred Heart depicted in ecclesiastical heraldry, and hearts representing love appearing in bourgeois coats of arms.",
"Hearts also later became popular elements in municipal coats of arms.",
"Botanical symbolism : Silphium [ edit]Main article: Silphium There has been some conjecture regarding the link between the traditional heart symbol and images of the fruit of Silphium, a (probably) extinct plant known to classical antiquity and belonging to the genus Ferula, used as a condiment and medicine, (the medicinal properties including contraceptive and abortifacient activity, linking the plant to sexuality and love).",
"[23] Silver coins from the ancient Libya of the 6th - 5th BC bear images strongly reminiscent of the heart symbol, sometimes accompanied by images of the Silphium plant.",
"[24] [25] The related Ferula species Asafoetida - which was actually used as an inferior substitute for Silphium - is regarded as an aphrodisiac in Tibet and India, suggesting yet a third amatory association relating to Silphium.",
"[26]Ancient silver coin from Cyrene, Libya depicting the heart-shaped 'seed' (actually fruit) of Silphium.",
"Example of a heart-shaped mericarp fruit in a plant ( Heracleum sphondylium) belonging, like the unidentified Silphium, to the Parsley family, Apiaceae.",
"Ferula assa-foetida a species of Giant Fennel belonging to the same genus as the ancient Silphium and regarded as having similar properties, while being an inferior substitute for the plant.",
"Ferula tingitana : a possible identity for Silphium.",
"Encoding [ edit]This section contains special characters.",
"Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.",
"A common emoticon for the heart is <3.",
"In Unicode several heart symbols are available: Glyph Description HTML code Alt codes♡ U+2661 WHITE HEART SUIT ♡ or ♡♥ U+2665 BLACK HEART SUIT♥ or ♥ or ♥Alt + 3❤ U+2764 HEAVY BLACK HEART ❤ or ❤❥ U+2765 ROTATED HEAVY BLACK HEART BULLET ❥ or ❥❣ U+2763 HEAVY HEART EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT❣ or ❣And from the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs range associated with emoji: Glyph Description HTML code U+1F394 HEART WITH TIP ON THE LEFT 🎔 U+1F491 COUPLE WITH HEART 💑 U+1F493 BEATING HEART 💓 U+1F494 BROKEN HEART 💔 U+1F495 TWO HEARTS 💕 U+1F496 SPARKLING HEART 💖 U+1F497 GROWING HEART 💗 U+1F498 HEART WITH ARROW 💘 U+1F499 BLUE HEART 💙 U+1F49A GREEN HEART 💚 U+1F49B YELLOW HEART 💛 U+1F49C PURPLE HEART 💜 U+1F49D HEART WITH RIBBON 💝 U+1F49E REVOLVING HEARTS 💞 U+1F49F HEART DECORATION 💟In Code page 437, the original character set of the IBM PC, the value of 3 (hexadecimal 03) represents the heart symbol.",
"This value is shared with the non-printing ETX control character, which overrides the glyph in many contexts.",
"The Unicode character of the letter ghan of the Georgian alphabet ( ღ) has seen some use as a surrogate heart symbol in online communication.",
"[ according to whom?]",
"[ year needed]Parametrisation [ edit]A number of parametrisations of approximately heart-shaped curves have been described.",
"The best-known of these is the cardioid, which is an epicycloid with one cusp; [27] though as the cardioid lacks the point, it may be seen as a stylized water-lily leaf, a so-called seeblatt, rather than a heart.",
"Other curves, such as the implicit curve (x 2 +y 2 −1) 3 −x 2 y 3 =0, may produce better approximations of the heart shape.",
"[28]A cardioid generated by a rolling circle (animated) Implicit heart curve (x 2 + y 2 − 1) 3 − x 2 y 3 = 0 Parametric plot of the curve ()Heart by Hamid Naderi Yeganeh [29]Implicit heart surface Simple form made from two perpendicular lines and two circular arcs.heart curve on ti-89 graphics calculatorparametric equation of heart curve on ti-89 graphics calculator See also [ edit]Cordata, Cordatum and Cordatus, Latin adjectives meaning heart-shaped Seeblatt References [ edit]Inline citations [ edit]^ Favorito, E. N.; Baty, K. (February 1995).",
"\"\"The Silphium Connection\"\".",
"Celator.",
"9 (2): 6–8.^ Did the ancient Romans use a natural herb for birth control?, The Straight Dope, October 13, 2006^ Riddle, John M. (1994).",
"Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance.",
"harvard university press.",
"p. 58.",
"ISBN 978-0674168763.^ T. V. Buttrey, \"\" The Coins and the Cult \"\", Expedition magazine vol.",
"34, Nos.",
"1–2 \"\"Special Issue: Gifts to the Goddesses—Cyrene's Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone\"\", Spring–Summer 1992.^ Kemp (2011), 96–99.^ a b Vinken (2001).^ Vinken (2001): \"\"The change from the spherical to the scalloped form of the heart base happened more or less in train with the differing way in which the heart was held, and has dominated visual representations of the heart ever since.",
"\"\"^ A Breef History of Playing Cardes, by Charles Knutson, Renaissance Magazine 2001 \"\"Archived copy\"\".",
"Archived from the original on 2010-12-20.",
"Retrieved 2013-05-27.^ a b The Shape of My Heart: Where did the ubiquitous Valentine's symbol come from?",
"by Keelin Mc Donell, Slate.com, Tuesday, Feb. 13, 2007.^ Sowing the seeds of love, The Age, by Luke Benedictus, February 12, 2006; use as contraceptive: Pliny the Elder, XXII, Ch.",
"49^ proposed by Gloria Steinem in the 1998 introduction to the Vagina Monologues online copy [ permanent dead link]; \"\"For example, the shape we call a heart—whose symmetry resembles the vulva far more than the asymmetry of the organ that shares its name—is probably a residual female genital symbol.",
"It was reduced from power to romance by centuries of male dominance.",
"\"\", based on an earlier suggestion by Tanzer (1969) that the shape was used as a symbol indicating brothels in ancient Pompeii).",
"Tanzer (1969).",
"The Common People of Pompeii.",
"A study of the graffiti.",
"With illustrations and a map^ Roundel with radiating palmettes.",
"(n.d.).",
"Retrieved April 7, 2015, from http://metmuseum.org/exhibitions/view?exhibition Id= {60853040-AE7E-4162-8FA7-525505D6B633}&oid=322631^ Fragments of stucco roundels in situ, Taq-i Kisra, south building, Ctesiphon, Iraq, 1931–32.",
"(n.d.).",
"Retrieved April 7, 2015, from http://www.metmuseum.org/met-around-the-world/images/wb_large/wb_Ctesiphon2.jpg^ \"\"Wall panel with a guinea fowl [Sasanian] (32.150.13)\"\".",
"In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History.",
"New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–.",
"http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/32.150.13 (March 2012)^ gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca Archived 2006-10-10 at the Wayback Machine ., i-p-c-s.org \"\"Archived copy\"\".",
"Archived from the original on 2013-09-27.",
"Retrieved 2013-03-17. antiquemapsandprints.com, obviously more research is needed here.",
"[ unreliable source?",
"]^ Samurai helmet representing the flaming jewel, by Unkai Mitsuhisa ca 1630, Ann and Gabriel Barbier-Mueller Collection, exhibited at Boston Fine Arts Museum, April–August 2013.^ \"\"Subsequently the heart symbol became a shorthand for enthusiasm for everything form software to Yorkshire terriers.",
"It was a stamp that validated lifestyles.",
"People could ♥ their grandchildren or line dancing or Buddha.\"\"",
"Stephen Amidon, Thomas Amidon, The Sublime Engine: A Biography of the Human Heart (2011), p. 193.^ \"\"the heart-check mark that began to appear on a wide array of food packaging in 1995.",
"The symbol consists of a heart branded with a bold, efficient check mark.",
"It is copyrighted by the American Heart Association (AHA) which licences it for a nominal fee to companies whose products meet the organization's criteria for saturated fat and cholesterol content.\"\"",
"Stephen Amidon, Thomas Amidon, The Sublime Engine: A Biography of the Human Heart (2011), p. 193.^ C. Weyers in: Stengel (ed.",
"), Archiv für Diplomatik: Schriftgeschichte, Siegel, und Wappenkunde, Volume 54, 2008, p. 100.^ Woodward, John and George Burnett (1969).",
"Woodward's a treatise on heraldry, British and foreign, page 203.",
"Originally published 1892, Edinburgh: W. & A.",
"B. Johnson.",
"ISBN 0-7153-4464-1.",
"LCCN 02-20303^ Mc Andrew, Scotland's Historic Heraldry, 2006, p. 141^ Mc Andrew 2006, p. 213.^ Favorito, E. N.; Baty, K. (February 1995).",
"\"\"The Silphium Connection\"\".",
"Celator.",
"9 (2): 6–8.^ T. V. Buttrey, \"\"The Coins and the Cult\"\", Expedition magazine vol.",
"34, Nos.",
"1–2 \"\"Special Issue: Gifts to the Goddesses—Cyrene's Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone\"\", Spring–Summer 1992.^ Koerper, H.; Kolls, A. L. (1999).",
"\"\"The Silphium Motif Adorning Ancient Libyan Coinage: Marketing a Medicinal Plant\"\".",
"Economic Botany.",
"53 (2): 133–143.",
"JSTOR 4256173. doi:10.1007/BF02866492.^http://thepoisondiaries.tumblr.com/post/42771270639/aphrodisiac-asafoetida-ferula-asa-foetida^ Weisstein, Eric W., \"\" Cardioid \"\" from Math World.^ Eric W. Weisstein, \"\"Heart Curve.\"\"",
"From Math World^ \"\"Hamid Naderi Yeganeh, \"\"Heart\"\" (November 2014)\"\".",
"American Mathematical Society.",
"November 2014.",
"Retrieved March 29, 2015.",
"Works cited [ edit]Martin Kemp, \"\"The Heart\"\" in Christ to Coke: How Image Becomes Icon, Oxford University Press, 2011, 81–113.",
"P. J. Vinken (2000), The Shape of the Heart: A Contribution to the Iconology of the Heart (illustrated ed.",
"), Elsevier Health Sciences, ISBN 978-0-444-82987-0General references [ edit]Vinken, P (2001), \"\"How the heart was held in medieval art\"\", The Lancet, 358 (9299): 2155–2157, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (01)07224-5, PMID 11784647External links [ edit]Find more about Heart (symbol) at Wikipedia's sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Wikimedia Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata The Heart Symbol – Origin, History And Significance (essay by cardiologist Armin Dietz)List of Unicode Heart Symbols Categories:15th-century introductions Heart Heraldic charges Late Middle Ages Pictograms Playing cards Romance Symbols \""
] |
D574490
|
http://www.yourdictionary.com/democratic
|
democratic
|
democraticdem·o·crat·ic Use democratic in a sentenceadjective The definition of democratic is an attitude or a system that treats everyone equally. An example of democratic used as an adjective is the phrase democratic society which is a group of people who make decisions together, with each vote counting equally. Democratic is defined as something related to the U. S. political party, the Democrats. An example of Democratic is the Democratic National Committee. Your Dictionary definition and usage example. Copyright © 2018 by Love To Know Corp Link/Citedemocraticof, belonging to, or upholding democracy or a democracyof, for, or popular with all or most people: a democratic art formtreating persons of all classes in the same way; not snobbish [ D-] of, belonging to, or characteristic of the Democratic Party Origin of democratic French démocratique from Medieval Latin democraticus from Classical Greek d?mokratikos Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Link/Citedemocraticadjective Of, characterized by, or advocating democracy: democratic government; a democratic union. Of or for the people in general; popular: a democratic movement; democratic art forms. Believing in or practicing social equality: “a proper democratic scorn for bloated dukes and lords” ( George du Maurier )Democratic Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Democratic Party. Related Forms:dem′o·crat′i·cal·lyadverb THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, FIFTH EDITION by the Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries. Copyright © 2016, 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Link/Citedemocratic Adjective ( not comparable) (US politics) Of or pertaining to the Democratic Party. Our last Democratic president was President Bill Clinton. (rare) Of or pertaining to democracy: democratic. English Wiktionary. Available under CC-BY-SA license. Link/Cite
|
[
"democraticdem·o·crat·ic Use democratic in a sentenceadjective The definition of democratic is an attitude or a system that treats everyone equally.",
"An example of democratic used as an adjective is the phrase democratic society which is a group of people who make decisions together, with each vote counting equally.",
"Democratic is defined as something related to the U. S. political party, the Democrats.",
"An example of Democratic is the Democratic National Committee.",
"Your Dictionary definition and usage example.",
"Copyright © 2018 by Love To Know Corp Link/Citedemocraticof, belonging to, or upholding democracy or a democracyof, for, or popular with all or most people: a democratic art formtreating persons of all classes in the same way; not snobbish [ D-] of, belonging to, or characteristic of the Democratic Party Origin of democratic French démocratique from Medieval Latin democraticus from Classical Greek d?mokratikos Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.",
"All rights reserved.",
"Link/Citedemocraticadjective Of, characterized by, or advocating democracy: democratic government; a democratic union.",
"Of or for the people in general; popular: a democratic movement; democratic art forms.",
"Believing in or practicing social equality: “a proper democratic scorn for bloated dukes and lords” ( George du Maurier )Democratic Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Democratic Party.",
"Related Forms:dem′o·crat′i·cal·lyadverb THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, FIFTH EDITION by the Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries.",
"Copyright © 2016, 2011 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.",
"Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.",
"All rights reserved.",
"Link/Citedemocratic Adjective ( not comparable) (US politics) Of or pertaining to the Democratic Party.",
"Our last Democratic president was President Bill Clinton.",
"(rare) Of or pertaining to democracy: democratic.",
"English Wiktionary.",
"Available under CC-BY-SA license.",
"Link/Cite"
] |
D711300
|
http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_time_difference_between_Tokyo_and_London
|
What is the time difference between Tokyo and London?
|
Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Units of Measure Time Time Zones What is the time difference between Tokyo and London? Flag What is the time difference between Tokyo and London? Expert answer by Hank W. Confidence votes 27.5KIt depends on the time of year due to British Summer Time (BST). From 01:00 UTC on the last Sunday of March until 01:00 UTC on the last Sunday of October, Japan (UTC+9) is eight hours ahead of England (UTC/UTC+1). During the rest of the year, the time difference is nine hours. 12:00 GMT (in England Oct-Mar) = 13:00 BST (in England Mar-Oct) = 21:00 JST (in Japan)Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No Answer by Graham Howarth Confidence votes 55.7KMasters degree with Distinction from Imperial College London, first degree in Chemistry from University of Central Lancashire. Tokyo is currently 8 hours ahead of London UK. However, Japan does not observe Daylight saving. After the last Sunday in October Japan will be 9 hours ahead of London UK. Was this answer useful? Yes Somewhat No BJ Sullivan 3,242,404 Contributions What is the time difference between Tokyo and Kabul? Answer Tokyo is 4:30hrs ahead of Kabul's time. Hank W. What is the time difference between Tokyo and Honolulu? Tokyo (UTC+9) is always 19 hours ahead of Honolulu (UTC-10). What is time difference between Tokyo and Hawaii? 19 hours difference. Richtibb 83 Contributions What is the time difference between Sydney and Tokyo? The current time difference between Sydney and Tokyo is 1 hours. Sydney operates daylight savings time in 2008. Tokyo does not. For the current time difference you can a …Phil Lewis 179,231 Contributions What is the time difference between Tokyo and Jakarta? Japan is (Greenwich Mean Time) GMT +9 hours, ie. 9 hours ahead of Greenwich, England. Jakarta is (Greenwich Mean Time) GMT +7 hours, ie. 7 hours ahead of Greenwich, Engla …Hank W. What is the time difference between Bangkok and Tokyo? Japan is (Greenwich Mean Time) GMT +9 hours, ie. 9 hours ahead of Greenwich, England. Bangkok is (Greenwich Mean Time) GMT +7 hours, ie. 7 hours ahead of Greenwich, England. B …What is the time difference between Toronto and Tokyo?tokyo is a day ahead Hank W. What is the time difference between NYC and Tokyo? Japan is 14 hrs. ahead of New York from November to March and 13 hrs. ahead the rest of the year. Hank W. What is the time difference between Greece and Tokyo? Japan is seven hours ahead of Greece from the last Sunday of October until the last Sunday of March. The rest of the year, Japan is six hours ahead. Linda Gehrdes 19,469 Contributions Time difference London Tokyo? Tokyo is 9 hours ahead of London Hank W. Time difference between Tokyo and Auckland? New Zealand is four hours ahead of Japan from the last Sunday of September until the first Sunday of April and three hours ahead the rest of the year. Time difference between manila and Tokyo? Time difference between Manila and Tokyo is 1 hour. Tokyo is 1 hour AHEAD of Manila Hank W. Answered In Countries, States, and Cities What time difference has Tokyo to London? From the last Sun. of Oct. until the last Sun. of March, Japan is 9 hrs. ahead of England. From the last Sun. of March until the last Sun. of Oct., Japan is 8 hrs. ahead of …Hank W. Answered In Time Zones Time difference between Tokyo and pst? Japan (UTC + 9 hours) is always 17 hours ahead of Pacific Standard Time (UTC - 8 hours) and Pitcairn Standard Time (UTC - 8 hours). Double071 32,272 Contributions Answered In Japan What is the time difference between the US and Tokyo? Tokyo is anywhere from 14 to 17 hours ahead of the US, depending on which US time zone you are in. Sara Teyuca 2 Contributions Answered In New Zealand What is the time difference between Wellington and Tokyo?the difference between Tokyo and wellington is that Tokyo has a bigger population and has a better government Answered In South Korea What is the time difference between Seoul and Tokyo?2 ...
|
[
"Answers.com ® Wiki Answers ® Categories Science Units of Measure Time Time Zones What is the time difference between Tokyo and London?",
"Flag What is the time difference between Tokyo and London?",
"Expert answer by Hank W. Confidence votes 27.5KIt depends on the time of year due to British Summer Time (BST).",
"From 01:00 UTC on the last Sunday of March until 01:00 UTC on the last Sunday of October, Japan (UTC+9) is eight hours ahead of England (UTC/UTC+1).",
"During the rest of the year, the time difference is nine hours.",
"12:00 GMT (in England Oct-Mar) = 13:00 BST (in England Mar-Oct) = 21:00 JST (in Japan)Was this answer useful?",
"Yes Somewhat No Answer by Graham Howarth Confidence votes 55.7KMasters degree with Distinction from Imperial College London, first degree in Chemistry from University of Central Lancashire.",
"Tokyo is currently 8 hours ahead of London UK.",
"However, Japan does not observe Daylight saving.",
"After the last Sunday in October Japan will be 9 hours ahead of London UK.",
"Was this answer useful?",
"Yes Somewhat No BJ Sullivan 3,242,404 Contributions What is the time difference between Tokyo and Kabul?",
"Answer Tokyo is 4:30hrs ahead of Kabul's time.",
"Hank W. What is the time difference between Tokyo and Honolulu?",
"Tokyo (UTC+9) is always 19 hours ahead of Honolulu (UTC-10).",
"What is time difference between Tokyo and Hawaii?",
"19 hours difference.",
"Richtibb 83 Contributions What is the time difference between Sydney and Tokyo?",
"The current time difference between Sydney and Tokyo is 1 hours.",
"Sydney operates daylight savings time in 2008.",
"Tokyo does not.",
"For the current time difference you can a …Phil Lewis 179,231 Contributions What is the time difference between Tokyo and Jakarta?",
"Japan is (Greenwich Mean Time) GMT +9 hours, ie.",
"9 hours ahead of Greenwich, England.",
"Jakarta is (Greenwich Mean Time) GMT +7 hours, ie.",
"7 hours ahead of Greenwich, Engla …Hank W. What is the time difference between Bangkok and Tokyo?",
"Japan is (Greenwich Mean Time) GMT +9 hours, ie.",
"9 hours ahead of Greenwich, England.",
"Bangkok is (Greenwich Mean Time) GMT +7 hours, ie.",
"7 hours ahead of Greenwich, England.",
"B …What is the time difference between Toronto and Tokyo?tokyo is a day ahead Hank W. What is the time difference between NYC and Tokyo?",
"Japan is 14 hrs.",
"ahead of New York from November to March and 13 hrs.",
"ahead the rest of the year.",
"Hank W. What is the time difference between Greece and Tokyo?",
"Japan is seven hours ahead of Greece from the last Sunday of October until the last Sunday of March.",
"The rest of the year, Japan is six hours ahead.",
"Linda Gehrdes 19,469 Contributions Time difference London Tokyo?",
"Tokyo is 9 hours ahead of London Hank W. Time difference between Tokyo and Auckland?",
"New Zealand is four hours ahead of Japan from the last Sunday of September until the first Sunday of April and three hours ahead the rest of the year.",
"Time difference between manila and Tokyo?",
"Time difference between Manila and Tokyo is 1 hour.",
"Tokyo is 1 hour AHEAD of Manila Hank W. Answered In Countries, States, and Cities What time difference has Tokyo to London?",
"From the last Sun.",
"of Oct. until the last Sun.",
"of March, Japan is 9 hrs.",
"ahead of England.",
"From the last Sun.",
"of March until the last Sun.",
"of Oct., Japan is 8 hrs.",
"ahead of …Hank W. Answered In Time Zones Time difference between Tokyo and pst?",
"Japan (UTC + 9 hours) is always 17 hours ahead of Pacific Standard Time (UTC - 8 hours) and Pitcairn Standard Time (UTC - 8 hours).",
"Double071 32,272 Contributions Answered In Japan What is the time difference between the US and Tokyo?",
"Tokyo is anywhere from 14 to 17 hours ahead of the US, depending on which US time zone you are in.",
"Sara Teyuca 2 Contributions Answered In New Zealand What is the time difference between Wellington and Tokyo?the difference between Tokyo and wellington is that Tokyo has a bigger population and has a better government Answered In South Korea What is the time difference between Seoul and Tokyo?2 ..."
] |
D188396
|
http://www.certified-mail-envelopes.com/how-much-does-it-cost-to-send-a-certified-mail-letter/
|
How much does it cost to send a Certified Mail letter?
|
You are here: Home / Frequent Ask Questions / How much does it cost to send a Certified Mail letter? How much does it cost to send a Certified Mail letter? May 19, 2011 By Certified Mail Envelopes$6.74 is the current USPS Certified Mail rate to send a 1-ounce Certified Mail letter with Return Receipt Requested service (old fashioned green card). New 2015 postal rates increased the costs of the Certified Mail fee, First Class postage and the old fashioned green card. Follow this link to learn more about the USPS Certified Mail rates. Filed Under: Frequent Ask Questions Quick Links2018 USPS Certified Mail® Rates Contact Support Electronic Delivery Confirmation Electronic Return Receipt Free Sample Envelopes Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's)Order Envelopes Upload a File
|
[
"You are here: Home / Frequent Ask Questions / How much does it cost to send a Certified Mail letter?",
"How much does it cost to send a Certified Mail letter?",
"May 19, 2011 By Certified Mail Envelopes$6.74 is the current USPS Certified Mail rate to send a 1-ounce Certified Mail letter with Return Receipt Requested service (old fashioned green card).",
"New 2015 postal rates increased the costs of the Certified Mail fee, First Class postage and the old fashioned green card.",
"Follow this link to learn more about the USPS Certified Mail rates.",
"Filed Under: Frequent Ask Questions Quick Links2018 USPS Certified Mail® Rates Contact Support Electronic Delivery Confirmation Electronic Return Receipt Free Sample Envelopes Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's)Order Envelopes Upload a File"
] |
D368564
|
http://www.healthcaremagic.com/premiumquestions/How-long-does-it-take-heart-to-heal-after-an-ablation-procedure/90638
|
How long does it take heart to heal after an ablation procedure?
|
Premium Questions Home » Ask a Cardiologist »How long does it take heart to heal after an ablation procedure? User rating for this question Very Good Answered by Dr. Benard Shehu Cardiologist Practicing since : 2004Answered : 2254 Questions Ask me a Question »Question I just went through an ablation procedure two and a half weeks ago for treatment of afib. How long before it is safe to continue my regular activities and how long does it take to fully recover from this procedure. It has taken a toll on me as I have been suffering with this condition since May of last year. Previous to this I underwent 2 cardioversions. One only lasted for 24 hours, the other one a little longer. Not only has it taken a physical toll on me but also a mental one. I am a very positive person normally, but am finding it hard to maintain that attitude. I am also on 8 different meds, including Xarelto, Ditilizam and Amiodarone. My doctor is planning on gradually taking me off some of these over the next 3-6 months, but could some or all of these be accounting for how I feel? Posted Thu, 27 Feb 2014 in Hypertension and Heart Disease Answered by Dr. Benard Shehu 59 minutes later Brief Answer: Can start normal activities by now... Detailed Answer: Hi, Thanks for your query. Usually, it will take up to 3 months for the heart to heal after ablation procedure. With regards to getting back to the normal activities, usually, patients are advised to get back to normal activities within the 10 days after the ablation. You are saying to have ablation 2 and half weeks ago, so, you should be on normal activities by now. Please bare in mind to keep following up with your cardiologist and by holter monitoring. The only problems seen are related to cicatrization and healing of the heart tissue. All the best! Dr. Benard Feel free to ask me other questions you might have!Above answer was peer-reviewed by Dr. Raju A. TFollow-up: How long does it take heart to heal after an ablation procedure? 1 hour later I am wondering if in the healing process it is normal to feel good, almost like my old self for a couple of days and then have a day or so where I may get some palpitations , have no energy, or no appetite....or could this to some degree be from the meds I am taking also? Answered by Dr. Benard Shehu 1 hour later Brief Answer: Normal feelings during healing process... Detailed Answer: Hi again, Thank you for following up. It is normal to feel good and some other days, you might get some palpitations, having no energy or apetite. It is part of healing process and not related to the meds you are using. Once again, do not worry as long as your general health conditions is getting improved after ablation. All the best! Dr. Benard Above answer was peer-reviewed by Dr. Yogesh DShare on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Google+Question is related to Diseases and Conditions Cardiac arrhythmia Drug/Medication Amiodarone Medical Procedures Cardioversion The user accepted the expert's answer Ask a Cardiologist Recent questions on Cardiac arrhythmia Suggest treatment for vertigo with bundle branch block What does the following ECG readings indicate? What causes palpitations at rest? What causes dizziness and tingling in the numb after a cardiac ablation? What causes constant dull aching pain under left breast? Can taking Adderall IR and Celebrex before an EKG have an effect on the result? What causes dizziness, lightheadedness and slight nausea?
|
[
"Premium Questions Home » Ask a Cardiologist »How long does it take heart to heal after an ablation procedure?",
"User rating for this question Very Good Answered by Dr. Benard Shehu Cardiologist Practicing since : 2004Answered : 2254 Questions Ask me a Question »Question I just went through an ablation procedure two and a half weeks ago for treatment of afib.",
"How long before it is safe to continue my regular activities and how long does it take to fully recover from this procedure.",
"It has taken a toll on me as I have been suffering with this condition since May of last year.",
"Previous to this I underwent 2 cardioversions.",
"One only lasted for 24 hours, the other one a little longer.",
"Not only has it taken a physical toll on me but also a mental one.",
"I am a very positive person normally, but am finding it hard to maintain that attitude.",
"I am also on 8 different meds, including Xarelto, Ditilizam and Amiodarone.",
"My doctor is planning on gradually taking me off some of these over the next 3-6 months, but could some or all of these be accounting for how I feel?",
"Posted Thu, 27 Feb 2014 in Hypertension and Heart Disease Answered by Dr. Benard Shehu 59 minutes later Brief Answer: Can start normal activities by now...",
"Detailed Answer: Hi, Thanks for your query.",
"Usually, it will take up to 3 months for the heart to heal after ablation procedure.",
"With regards to getting back to the normal activities, usually, patients are advised to get back to normal activities within the 10 days after the ablation.",
"You are saying to have ablation 2 and half weeks ago, so, you should be on normal activities by now.",
"Please bare in mind to keep following up with your cardiologist and by holter monitoring.",
"The only problems seen are related to cicatrization and healing of the heart tissue.",
"All the best!",
"Dr. Benard Feel free to ask me other questions you might have!Above answer was peer-reviewed by Dr. Raju A. TFollow-up: How long does it take heart to heal after an ablation procedure?",
"1 hour later I am wondering if in the healing process it is normal to feel good, almost like my old self for a couple of days and then have a day or so where I may get some palpitations , have no energy, or no appetite....or could this to some degree be from the meds I am taking also?",
"Answered by Dr. Benard Shehu 1 hour later Brief Answer: Normal feelings during healing process...",
"Detailed Answer: Hi again, Thank you for following up.",
"It is normal to feel good and some other days, you might get some palpitations, having no energy or apetite.",
"It is part of healing process and not related to the meds you are using.",
"Once again, do not worry as long as your general health conditions is getting improved after ablation.",
"All the best!",
"Dr. Benard Above answer was peer-reviewed by Dr. Yogesh DShare on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Google+Question is related to Diseases and Conditions Cardiac arrhythmia Drug/Medication Amiodarone Medical Procedures Cardioversion The user accepted the expert's answer Ask a Cardiologist Recent questions on Cardiac arrhythmia Suggest treatment for vertigo with bundle branch block What does the following ECG readings indicate?",
"What causes palpitations at rest?",
"What causes dizziness and tingling in the numb after a cardiac ablation?",
"What causes constant dull aching pain under left breast?",
"Can taking Adderall IR and Celebrex before an EKG have an effect on the result?",
"What causes dizziness, lightheadedness and slight nausea?"
] |
D3143558
|
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vest
|
vest
|
vestnavigation search See also: vést and vešt Contents1 English1.1 Etymology1.2 Pronunciation1.3 Noun1.3.1 Synonyms1.3.2 Hyponyms1.3.3 Derived terms1.3.4 Related terms1.3.5 Translations1.4 Verb1.5 Further reading1.6 Anagrams2 Danish2.1 Pronunciation2.2 Etymology 12.2.1 Noun2.2.1.1 Inflection2.2.1.2 Derived terms2.2.2 Adverb2.3 Etymology 22.3.1 Noun2.3.1.1 Inflection2.4 References3 Dutch3.1 Pronunciation3.2 Etymology 13.2.1 Noun3.2.1.1 Synonyms3.3 Etymology 23.3.1 Noun4 Latvian4.1 Verb4.1.1 Conjugation5 Norwegian Bokmål5.1 Etymology 15.1.1 Noun5.1.1.1 Antonyms5.1.1.2 Derived terms5.2 Etymology 25.2.1 Noun5.2.1.1 Derived terms6 Norwegian Nynorsk6.1 Etymology 16.1.1 Noun6.1.1.1 Antonyms6.1.1.2 Derived terms6.2 Etymology 26.2.1 Noun6.2.1.1 Derived terms7 Romanian7.1 Etymology7.2 Noun7.2.1 Declension7.2.2 Synonyms7.3 See also8 Romansch8.1 Etymology8.2 Noun8.2.1 Antonyms8.2.2 Derived terms8.2.3 Related terms9 Serbo-Croatian9.1 Alternative forms9.2 Etymology9.3 Noun9.3.1 Declension10 Slovene10.1 Pronunciation10.2 Noun10.2.1 Declension English [ edit]Wikipedia has an article on: vest Etymology [ edit]From French veste ( “ a vest, jacket ”), from Latin vestis ( “ a garment, gown, robe, vestment, clothing, vesture ”), from Proto-Indo-European *wes-ti (h₂)-, from *wes- ( “ to be dressed ”) ( English wear ). Pronunciation [ edit]Audio (US)Rhymes: -ɛst Noun [ edit]vest ( plural vests) ( now rare) A loose robe or outer garment worn historically by men in Arab or Middle Eastern countries. ( now Canada, US) A sleeveless garment that buttons down the front, worn over a shirt, and often as part of a suit; a waistcoat . ( Britain) A sleeveless garment, often with a low-cut neck, usually worn under a shirt or blouse. A sleeveless top, typically with identifying colours or logos, worn by an athlete or member of a sports team. Any sleeveless outer garment, often for a purpose such as identification, safety, or storage. A vestment . Clothing generally; array; garb . Synonyms [ edit] ( garment worn under a shirt): singlet, tank top ( US), undershirt ( US) ( garment worn over a shirt): waistcoat ( Britain)Hyponyms [ edit] ( sleeveless outergarment): safety vest, scrimmage vest, fishing vest Derived terms [ edit]Terms derived from vest Related terms [ edit]Terms related to vest Translations [ edit]loose robe worn in Middle East and elsewhere in Arab worldgarment worn over a shirtgarment worn under a shirtsleeveless top with identifying colours or logosany sleeveless outer garmentconfer/give property or power The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary: Entry layout#Translations. Translations to be checked Verb [ edit]vest ( third-person singular simple present vests, present participle vesting, simple past and past participle vested)To clothe with, or as with, a vestment, or garment; to dress; to robe; to cover, surround, or encompass closely. To clothe with authority, power, etc. ; to put in possession; to invest; to furnish; to endow; followed by with and the thing conferred. to vest a court with power to try cases of life and death To place or give into the possession or discretion of some person or authority; to commit to another; with in before the possessor. The power of life and death is vested in the king, or in the courts. ( obsolete) To invest; to put. to vest money in goods, land, or houses ( law) To clothe with possession; also, to give a person an immediate fixed right of present or future enjoyment of. to vest a person with an estatean estate is vested in possession (Can we find and add a quotation of Bouvier to this entry?) (commonly used of financial arrangements) To become vested, to become permanent . My pension vests at the end of the month and then I can take it with me when I quit. Further reading [ edit]vest in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913vest in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911vest at One Look Dictionary Search Anagrams [ edit]ETVs, vets Danish [ edit]Pronunciation [ edit]IPA ( key): /vɛst/, [ʋɛsd̥]Etymology 1 [ edit]From Old Norse vestr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą. Noun [ edit]vest c ( singular definite vesten, not used in plural form)the west Inflection [ edit]Declension of vest Derived terms [ edit]nordvestsydvest Adverb [ edit]vesttoward the west, westwards Etymology 2 [ edit]From French veste. Noun [ edit]vest c ( singular definite vesten, plural indefinite veste)A vest. Inflection [ edit]Declension of vest References [ edit]“ vest ” in Den Danske Ordbog Dutch [ edit]Pronunciation [ edit]Rhymes: -ɛstaudio Etymology 1 [ edit]Noun [ edit]vest f ( plural vesten, diminutive vestje n)fortified wall, city wallmoatboulevard Synonyms [ edit]veste Etymology 2 [ edit]Noun [ edit]vest n ( plural vesten, diminutive vestje n)cardigan Latvian [ edit]Verb [ edit]vest tr. or intr ., 1st conj ., pres. vedu, ved, ved, past veduto lead Conjugation [ edit]conjugation of vest Norwegian Bokmål [ edit]vest Etymology 1 [ edit]From Old Norse vestr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą. Noun [ edit]vest n ( indeclinable) ( abbreviation: V)west ( compass point)Antonyms [ edit]øst Derived terms [ edit]Terms derived from vest Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on: vest Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on: Vest (klesplagg)Etymology 2 [ edit]From Latin vestis, via French and Italian. Noun [ edit]vest m ( definite singular vesten, indefinite plural vester, definite pluralvestene)a waistcoat Derived terms [ edit]redningsvest Norwegian Nynorsk [ edit]Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on: vest Etymology 1 [ edit]From Old Norse vestr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą. Noun [ edit]vest n ( indeclinable) ( abbreviation: V)west ( compass point)Antonyms [ edit]aust Derived terms [ edit]Terms derived from vest Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on: Klesplagget vest Etymology 2 [ edit]From Latin vestis, via French and Italian. Noun [ edit]vest m ( definite singular vesten, indefinite plural vestar, definite plural vestane)a waistcoat Derived terms [ edit]redningsvest Romanian [ edit]Etymology [ edit]Borrowed from German West. Noun [ edit]vest n ( uncountable)west Declension [ edit]declension of vest (singular only)Synonyms [ edit]apus, asfințit, occident See also [ edit]nordsudest Romansch [ edit]Etymology [ edit]From a Germanic language. Noun [ edit]vest mwest Antonyms [ edit]ostoriaint Derived terms [ edit]nordvestsidvest Related terms [ edit]nordsidnordostsidost Serbo-Croatian [ edit]Alternative forms [ edit] ( Ijekavian) vijȇst Etymology [ edit]From Proto-Slavic *věstь, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- ( “ to see, know, perceive ”). Noun [ edit]vȇst f ( Cyrillic spelling ве̑ст)report, news Declension [ edit]Declension of vest Slovene [ edit]Pronunciation [ edit]IPA ( key): /ˈʋéːst/Tonal orthography: vẹ̑st Noun [ edit]vést f ( genitive vestí, nominative plural vestí)conscience Declension [ edit]Declension of vést (feminine, i-stem, mobile accent)Categories: English terms derived from French English terms derived from Latin English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European English terms with audio links English lemmas English nouns English countable nouns English terms with rare senses Canadian English American English British English English verbs English terms with obsolete senses en: Law Requests for quotation/Bouvier en: Clothingen: Underwear Danish terms with IPA pronunciation Danish terms inherited from Old Norse Danish terms derived from Old Norse Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic Danish lemmas Danish nouns Danish adverbs Danish terms derived from French da: Compass points Dutch terms with audio links Dutch lemmas Dutch nouns Dutch nouns with plural in -en nl: Clothing Latvian ambitransitive verbs Latvian verbs Latvian first conjugation verbs Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t Latvian s/d type first conjugation verbs Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic Norwegian Bokmål lemmas Norwegian Bokmål nouns Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin nb: Clothing nb: Compass points Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas Norwegian Nynorsk nouns Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin nn: Clothingnn: Compass points Romanian terms borrowed from German Romanian terms derived from German Romanian lemmas Romanian nouns Romanian uncountable nouns ro: Compass points Romansch terms derived from Germanic languages Romansch lemmas Romansch nouns rm: Compass points Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Serbo-Croatian lemmas Serbo-Croatian nouns Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns Slovene 1-syllable words Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation Slovene lemmas Slovene nouns Slovene feminine nouns Slovene feminine i-stem nouns Slovene feminine i-stem nouns with mobile accent
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[
"vestnavigation search See also: vést and vešt Contents1 English1.1 Etymology1.2 Pronunciation1.3 Noun1.3.1 Synonyms1.3.2 Hyponyms1.3.3 Derived terms1.3.4 Related terms1.3.5 Translations1.4 Verb1.5 Further reading1.6 Anagrams2 Danish2.1 Pronunciation2.2 Etymology 12.2.1 Noun2.2.1.1 Inflection2.2.1.2 Derived terms2.2.2 Adverb2.3 Etymology 22.3.1 Noun2.3.1.1 Inflection2.4 References3 Dutch3.1 Pronunciation3.2 Etymology 13.2.1 Noun3.2.1.1 Synonyms3.3 Etymology 23.3.1 Noun4 Latvian4.1 Verb4.1.1 Conjugation5 Norwegian Bokmål5.1 Etymology 15.1.1 Noun5.1.1.1 Antonyms5.1.1.2 Derived terms5.2 Etymology 25.2.1 Noun5.2.1.1 Derived terms6 Norwegian Nynorsk6.1 Etymology 16.1.1 Noun6.1.1.1 Antonyms6.1.1.2 Derived terms6.2 Etymology 26.2.1 Noun6.2.1.1 Derived terms7 Romanian7.1 Etymology7.2 Noun7.2.1 Declension7.2.2 Synonyms7.3 See also8 Romansch8.1 Etymology8.2 Noun8.2.1 Antonyms8.2.2 Derived terms8.2.3 Related terms9 Serbo-Croatian9.1 Alternative forms9.2 Etymology9.3 Noun9.3.1 Declension10 Slovene10.1 Pronunciation10.2 Noun10.2.1 Declension English [ edit]Wikipedia has an article on: vest Etymology [ edit]From French veste ( “ a vest, jacket ”), from Latin vestis ( “ a garment, gown, robe, vestment, clothing, vesture ”), from Proto-Indo-European *wes-ti (h₂)-, from *wes- ( “ to be dressed ”) ( English wear ).",
"Pronunciation [ edit]Audio (US)Rhymes: -ɛst Noun [ edit]vest ( plural vests) ( now rare) A loose robe or outer garment worn historically by men in Arab or Middle Eastern countries.",
"( now Canada, US) A sleeveless garment that buttons down the front, worn over a shirt, and often as part of a suit; a waistcoat .",
"( Britain) A sleeveless garment, often with a low-cut neck, usually worn under a shirt or blouse.",
"A sleeveless top, typically with identifying colours or logos, worn by an athlete or member of a sports team.",
"Any sleeveless outer garment, often for a purpose such as identification, safety, or storage.",
"A vestment .",
"Clothing generally; array; garb .",
"Synonyms [ edit] ( garment worn under a shirt): singlet, tank top ( US), undershirt ( US) ( garment worn over a shirt): waistcoat ( Britain)Hyponyms [ edit] ( sleeveless outergarment): safety vest, scrimmage vest, fishing vest Derived terms [ edit]Terms derived from vest Related terms [ edit]Terms related to vest Translations [ edit]loose robe worn in Middle East and elsewhere in Arab worldgarment worn over a shirtgarment worn under a shirtsleeveless top with identifying colours or logosany sleeveless outer garmentconfer/give property or power The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers.",
"Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions.",
"See instructions at Wiktionary: Entry layout#Translations.",
"Translations to be checked Verb [ edit]vest ( third-person singular simple present vests, present participle vesting, simple past and past participle vested)To clothe with, or as with, a vestment, or garment; to dress; to robe; to cover, surround, or encompass closely.",
"To clothe with authority, power, etc.",
"; to put in possession; to invest; to furnish; to endow; followed by with and the thing conferred.",
"to vest a court with power to try cases of life and death To place or give into the possession or discretion of some person or authority; to commit to another; with in before the possessor.",
"The power of life and death is vested in the king, or in the courts.",
"( obsolete) To invest; to put.",
"to vest money in goods, land, or houses ( law) To clothe with possession; also, to give a person an immediate fixed right of present or future enjoyment of.",
"to vest a person with an estatean estate is vested in possession (Can we find and add a quotation of Bouvier to this entry?)",
"(commonly used of financial arrangements) To become vested, to become permanent .",
"My pension vests at the end of the month and then I can take it with me when I quit.",
"Further reading [ edit]vest in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913vest in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911vest at One Look Dictionary Search Anagrams [ edit]ETVs, vets Danish [ edit]Pronunciation [ edit]IPA ( key): /vɛst/, [ʋɛsd̥]Etymology 1 [ edit]From Old Norse vestr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą.",
"Noun [ edit]vest c ( singular definite vesten, not used in plural form)the west Inflection [ edit]Declension of vest Derived terms [ edit]nordvestsydvest Adverb [ edit]vesttoward the west, westwards Etymology 2 [ edit]From French veste.",
"Noun [ edit]vest c ( singular definite vesten, plural indefinite veste)A vest.",
"Inflection [ edit]Declension of vest References [ edit]“ vest ” in Den Danske Ordbog Dutch [ edit]Pronunciation [ edit]Rhymes: -ɛstaudio Etymology 1 [ edit]Noun [ edit]vest f ( plural vesten, diminutive vestje n)fortified wall, city wallmoatboulevard Synonyms [ edit]veste Etymology 2 [ edit]Noun [ edit]vest n ( plural vesten, diminutive vestje n)cardigan Latvian [ edit]Verb [ edit]vest tr.",
"or intr ., 1st conj ., pres.",
"vedu, ved, ved, past veduto lead Conjugation [ edit]conjugation of vest Norwegian Bokmål [ edit]vest Etymology 1 [ edit]From Old Norse vestr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą.",
"Noun [ edit]vest n ( indeclinable) ( abbreviation: V)west ( compass point)Antonyms [ edit]øst Derived terms [ edit]Terms derived from vest Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on: vest Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on: Vest (klesplagg)Etymology 2 [ edit]From Latin vestis, via French and Italian.",
"Noun [ edit]vest m ( definite singular vesten, indefinite plural vester, definite pluralvestene)a waistcoat Derived terms [ edit]redningsvest Norwegian Nynorsk [ edit]Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on: vest Etymology 1 [ edit]From Old Norse vestr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą.",
"Noun [ edit]vest n ( indeclinable) ( abbreviation: V)west ( compass point)Antonyms [ edit]aust Derived terms [ edit]Terms derived from vest Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on: Klesplagget vest Etymology 2 [ edit]From Latin vestis, via French and Italian.",
"Noun [ edit]vest m ( definite singular vesten, indefinite plural vestar, definite plural vestane)a waistcoat Derived terms [ edit]redningsvest Romanian [ edit]Etymology [ edit]Borrowed from German West.",
"Noun [ edit]vest n ( uncountable)west Declension [ edit]declension of vest (singular only)Synonyms [ edit]apus, asfințit, occident See also [ edit]nordsudest Romansch [ edit]Etymology [ edit]From a Germanic language.",
"Noun [ edit]vest mwest Antonyms [ edit]ostoriaint Derived terms [ edit]nordvestsidvest Related terms [ edit]nordsidnordostsidost Serbo-Croatian [ edit]Alternative forms [ edit] ( Ijekavian) vijȇst Etymology [ edit]From Proto-Slavic *věstь, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- ( “ to see, know, perceive ”).",
"Noun [ edit]vȇst f ( Cyrillic spelling ве̑ст)report, news Declension [ edit]Declension of vest Slovene [ edit]Pronunciation [ edit]IPA ( key): /ˈʋéːst/Tonal orthography: vẹ̑st Noun [ edit]vést f ( genitive vestí, nominative plural vestí)conscience Declension [ edit]Declension of vést (feminine, i-stem, mobile accent)Categories: English terms derived from French English terms derived from Latin English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European English terms with audio links English lemmas English nouns English countable nouns English terms with rare senses Canadian English American English British English English verbs English terms with obsolete senses en: Law Requests for quotation/Bouvier en: Clothingen: Underwear Danish terms with IPA pronunciation Danish terms inherited from Old Norse Danish terms derived from Old Norse Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic Danish lemmas Danish nouns Danish adverbs Danish terms derived from French da: Compass points Dutch terms with audio links Dutch lemmas Dutch nouns Dutch nouns with plural in -en nl: Clothing Latvian ambitransitive verbs Latvian verbs Latvian first conjugation verbs Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t Latvian s/d type first conjugation verbs Latvian first conjugation verbs in -zt or -st Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic Norwegian Bokmål lemmas Norwegian Bokmål nouns Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin nb: Clothing nb: Compass points Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas Norwegian Nynorsk nouns Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin nn: Clothingnn: Compass points Romanian terms borrowed from German Romanian terms derived from German Romanian lemmas Romanian nouns Romanian uncountable nouns ro: Compass points Romansch terms derived from Germanic languages Romansch lemmas Romansch nouns rm: Compass points Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European Serbo-Croatian lemmas Serbo-Croatian nouns Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns Slovene 1-syllable words Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation Slovene lemmas Slovene nouns Slovene feminine nouns Slovene feminine i-stem nouns Slovene feminine i-stem nouns with mobile accent"
] |
D754730
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http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-drum-and-bugle-corps.htm
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What Is a Drum and Bugle Corps?
|
A drum and bugle corps is a variety of marching band. These groups typically employ a mixture of percussion and brass instruments. Some members also use props, ranging from stylized rifles to flags and ornaments, to accompany the music and present striking visual images. This style of marching band has its roots in the military, but a majority of modern corps are not comprised of military personnel, although the major military academies still maintain drum and bugle corps units. Military units have long made use of musical instruments to help troops keep pace while marching or to direct and inspire troops on the battlefield. Instruments used by the military needed to carry through the din of battle. They also needed to be portable and durable. Drums and simple brass instruments, such as bugles, meet both of these requirements and have been used to aid marching soldiers since the era of the Roman Empire. The modern drum and bugle corps appeared early in the 20th century. The first corps used instruments common to the armed forces of the day — drums and bugles. These instruments were accompanied by soldiers performing elaborate versions of the standard marching drills of the day, complete with stylized displays of rifles and sabers. After the First World War, drum and bugle corps became more common in the civilian sphere. Patriotic groups sponsored competitions and encouraged these bands to form and to take part in celebrations on national holidays or at sporting or civic events. Some modern drum and bugle corps organizations are still affiliated with patriotic or military organizations, but many are now largely independent and rely on sponsors or ticket sales to fund their activities. Since the late 20th century, drum and bugle corps have generally moved away from a strict focus on military drill and appearance and have become more theatrical in nature. All varieties of marching band have placed more and more emphasis on showmanship, and this trend can be seen in drum and bugle corps movement as well. A great deal of choreography, planning, and practice is required for a successful modern drum and bugle corps routine. These modern groups are typically made up of young people, often young men. The larger and more successful corps travel and compete extensively. The instruments used by modern groups are still brass and percussion, but simple cavalry bugles have been replaced by the full selection of marching band brass instruments. Ad
|
[
"A drum and bugle corps is a variety of marching band.",
"These groups typically employ a mixture of percussion and brass instruments.",
"Some members also use props, ranging from stylized rifles to flags and ornaments, to accompany the music and present striking visual images.",
"This style of marching band has its roots in the military, but a majority of modern corps are not comprised of military personnel, although the major military academies still maintain drum and bugle corps units.",
"Military units have long made use of musical instruments to help troops keep pace while marching or to direct and inspire troops on the battlefield.",
"Instruments used by the military needed to carry through the din of battle.",
"They also needed to be portable and durable.",
"Drums and simple brass instruments, such as bugles, meet both of these requirements and have been used to aid marching soldiers since the era of the Roman Empire.",
"The modern drum and bugle corps appeared early in the 20th century.",
"The first corps used instruments common to the armed forces of the day — drums and bugles.",
"These instruments were accompanied by soldiers performing elaborate versions of the standard marching drills of the day, complete with stylized displays of rifles and sabers.",
"After the First World War, drum and bugle corps became more common in the civilian sphere.",
"Patriotic groups sponsored competitions and encouraged these bands to form and to take part in celebrations on national holidays or at sporting or civic events.",
"Some modern drum and bugle corps organizations are still affiliated with patriotic or military organizations, but many are now largely independent and rely on sponsors or ticket sales to fund their activities.",
"Since the late 20th century, drum and bugle corps have generally moved away from a strict focus on military drill and appearance and have become more theatrical in nature.",
"All varieties of marching band have placed more and more emphasis on showmanship, and this trend can be seen in drum and bugle corps movement as well.",
"A great deal of choreography, planning, and practice is required for a successful modern drum and bugle corps routine.",
"These modern groups are typically made up of young people, often young men.",
"The larger and more successful corps travel and compete extensively.",
"The instruments used by modern groups are still brass and percussion, but simple cavalry bugles have been replaced by the full selection of marching band brass instruments.",
"Ad"
] |
D284009
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Lake_Township,_Michigan
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White Lake Township, Michigan
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"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search""White Lake, Michigan"" redirects here. There are several lakes named White Lake in Michigan. White Lake Charter Township, Michigan Charter township Charter Township of White Lake Highland Road at Porter Road facing west Location of White Lake Township within Oakland County, Michigan White Lake Charter Township, Michigan Location within the state of Michigan Coordinates: 42°38′52″N 83°29′47″WCoordinates: 42°38′52″N 83°29′47″WCountry United States State Michigan County Oakland Area• Total 37.2 sq mi (96.3 km 2)• Land 33.7 sq mi (87.2 km 2)• Water 3.5 sq mi (9.1 km 2)Elevation 958 ft (292 m)Population ( 2010)• Total 30,019• Density 810/sq mi (310/km 2)Time zone Eastern (EST) ( UTC-5)• Summer ( DST) EDT ( UTC-4)ZIP codes 48383, 48386Area code (s) 248FIPS code 26-86860 [1]GNIS feature ID 1627264 [2]White Lake Charter Township is a charter township of Oakland County in the U. S. state of Michigan. Together with its two unincorporated communities, the township makes up part of the Detroit metropolitan area outskirts. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 30,019. [3]The Huron River rises in White Lake Township. Contents [ hide ]1 Communities2 Geography3 Demographics4 Government5 Recreation6 References6.1 Notes6.2 Sources7 External links Communities [ edit]The Township has three unincorporated communities: East White Lake was the name of a post office in the township from 1846 until 1850. [4]Oxbow is located at Union Lake and Elizabeth Lake Roads ( 42°38′26″N 83°28′23″W; Elevation: 945 ft./288 m.). [5] On June 11, 1873, White Lake Centre Post Office opened here. The Office changed its name to Ox Bow on March 10, 1875 and again in 1894 to Oxbow. On June 29, 1901, the Post Office was closed. [6]White Lake is located at Ormond and White Lake Roads ( 42°41′30″N 83°33′15″W; Elevation: 1037 ft. /316 m.) [7] and is mostly known for its National Weather Service office, located within the township. [8] White Lake had a post office initially named as Plainville when it opened on July 11, 1838. The Post Office was renamed White Lake on May 29, 1841 and closed on Jan. 31, 1910. It operated from 1962 to 1976 as a branch/station of Union Lake. [9]Geography [ edit]According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 37.2 square miles (96 km 2 ), of which 33.7 square miles (87 km 2) is land and 3.5 square miles (9.1 km 2 ), or 9.44%, is water. Several of the community's large parcels have been preserved as state recreation areas and county parks. Rural residential development and lake living is typical, as the township has 21 lakes within its borders. Intersected by M-59, a majority of the township's commercial development has occurred along this major east-west corridor. The southernmost area of the township is located 19 miles (30 km) northwest of the Detroit city limits, and 10 miles (20 km) from downtown Pontiac. Demographics [ edit]As of the census [1] of 2000, there were 28,219 people, 10,092 households, and 7,821 families residing in the township. The population density was 838.3 per square mile (323.7/km²). There were 10,616 housing units at an average density of 315.4 per square mile (121.8/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 96.56% White, 0.78% African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.81% of the population. Township Offices, Highland Road There were 10,092 households out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.0% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families. 17.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.15. In the township the population was spread out with 27.7% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males. The median income for a household in the township was $65,894, and the median income for a family was $75,842. Males had a median income of $52,276 versus $31,742 for females. The per capita income for the township was $27,916. About 1.9% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 and over. Government [ edit]The Township is served by five public school districts: Clarkston, Holly, Huron Valley, Walled Lake and Waterford. [10]Recreation [ edit]The nearby Highland Recreation Area offers many recreational activities with trails to accommodate equestrian riders, mountain bikers, hikers and skiers. Three different day-use areas provide ample space for picnics, swimming, horseshoes or volleyball. Access sites are located on four lakes within the park for fishing and recreational boating. Located within it now is Haven Hill, the Edsel Ford estate, designed by renowned landscape architect Jens Jensen between 1922 and 1935. [11] Haven Hill is designated as a Michigan State Historical Landmark and a State Natural Preserve. Jensen's landscape elements, with the diversity of tree, plant and animal life, combine aesthetics, history and nature. [ citation needed]The town is home to a ski resort known as Alpine Valley. This was opened in 1961 and has been open since. This resort, the largest in southeast Michigan, is host to multiple lifts with a range of runs available. [12] There are also terrain parks. There are several other public and private parks and lakes that provide recreation to residents and non-residents. Pontiac Lake State recreation area offers public boat access, is renowned for its challenging mountain bike track, and is mostly within the borders of White Lake Township. Pontiac Lake is home to the annual ""Quake on the Lake"" hydroplane races. White Lake (the lake) also has public access. The township is also home to several parks with public golf courses, including White Lake Oaks and Indian Springs Metropark. References [ edit]Notes [ edit]^ a b ""American Fact Finder"". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: White Lake Township, Michigan^ ""Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), White Lake charter township, Oakland County, Michigan"". U. S. Census Bureau, American Fact Finder 2. Retrieved August 22, 2011.^ Romig 1986, p. 173.^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Oxbow, Michigan & GNIS in Google Maps^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Oxbow Post Office (historical), Michigan^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: White Lake, Michigan & GNIS in Google Maps^ ""National Weather Service Detroit/Pontiac, MI"". August 2, 2017.^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: White Lake Post Office (historical), Michigan^ ""School Districts"". Community. Charter Township of White Lake. Retrieved 2 April 2012.^ Grese, Robert E., Jens Jensen, Maker of Natural Parks and Gardens. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-8018-4287-5. pp. 102^ ""Alpine Valley"". Sources [ edit]Romig, Walter (October 1, 1986) [1973]. Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities. Great Lakes Books Series (Paperback). Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-1838-X. Retrieved July 3, 2017. External links [ edit]Metro Detroit portal White Lake Township official website White Lake Citizens League White Lake Public Library Haven Hill, the Edsel and Eleanor Ford estate Crime Statistics for White Lake Plat of White Lake Township, circa 1872 [ show]Places adjacent to White Lake Township, Michigan [ show]Places adjacent to White Lake Township, Michigan [ show]v t e Municipalities and communities of Oakland County, Michigan, United States [ show]v t e Metro Detroit [ show]v t e Historic homes in metropolitan Detroit Categories: Townships in Oakland County, Michigan Charter townships in Michigan "
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[
"\"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search\"\"White Lake, Michigan\"\" redirects here.",
"There are several lakes named White Lake in Michigan.",
"White Lake Charter Township, Michigan Charter township Charter Township of White Lake Highland Road at Porter Road facing west Location of White Lake Township within Oakland County, Michigan White Lake Charter Township, Michigan Location within the state of Michigan Coordinates: 42°38′52″N 83°29′47″WCoordinates: 42°38′52″N 83°29′47″WCountry United States State Michigan County Oakland Area• Total 37.2 sq mi (96.3 km 2)• Land 33.7 sq mi (87.2 km 2)• Water 3.5 sq mi (9.1 km 2)Elevation 958 ft (292 m)Population ( 2010)• Total 30,019• Density 810/sq mi (310/km 2)Time zone Eastern (EST) ( UTC-5)• Summer ( DST) EDT ( UTC-4)ZIP codes 48383, 48386Area code (s) 248FIPS code 26-86860 [1]GNIS feature ID 1627264 [2]White Lake Charter Township is a charter township of Oakland County in the U. S. state of Michigan.",
"Together with its two unincorporated communities, the township makes up part of the Detroit metropolitan area outskirts.",
"As of the 2010 census, the township population was 30,019.",
"[3]The Huron River rises in White Lake Township.",
"Contents [ hide ]1 Communities2 Geography3 Demographics4 Government5 Recreation6 References6.1 Notes6.2 Sources7 External links Communities [ edit]The Township has three unincorporated communities: East White Lake was the name of a post office in the township from 1846 until 1850.",
"[4]Oxbow is located at Union Lake and Elizabeth Lake Roads ( 42°38′26″N 83°28′23″W; Elevation: 945 ft./288 m.).",
"[5] On June 11, 1873, White Lake Centre Post Office opened here.",
"The Office changed its name to Ox Bow on March 10, 1875 and again in 1894 to Oxbow.",
"On June 29, 1901, the Post Office was closed.",
"[6]White Lake is located at Ormond and White Lake Roads ( 42°41′30″N 83°33′15″W; Elevation: 1037 ft. /316 m.) [7] and is mostly known for its National Weather Service office, located within the township.",
"[8] White Lake had a post office initially named as Plainville when it opened on July 11, 1838.",
"The Post Office was renamed White Lake on May 29, 1841 and closed on Jan. 31, 1910.",
"It operated from 1962 to 1976 as a branch/station of Union Lake.",
"[9]Geography [ edit]According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 37.2 square miles (96 km 2 ), of which 33.7 square miles (87 km 2) is land and 3.5 square miles (9.1 km 2 ), or 9.44%, is water.",
"Several of the community's large parcels have been preserved as state recreation areas and county parks.",
"Rural residential development and lake living is typical, as the township has 21 lakes within its borders.",
"Intersected by M-59, a majority of the township's commercial development has occurred along this major east-west corridor.",
"The southernmost area of the township is located 19 miles (30 km) northwest of the Detroit city limits, and 10 miles (20 km) from downtown Pontiac.",
"Demographics [ edit]As of the census [1] of 2000, there were 28,219 people, 10,092 households, and 7,821 families residing in the township.",
"The population density was 838.3 per square mile (323.7/km²).",
"There were 10,616 housing units at an average density of 315.4 per square mile (121.8/km²).",
"The racial makeup of the township was 96.56% White, 0.78% African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races.",
"Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.81% of the population.",
"Township Offices, Highland Road There were 10,092 households out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.0% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% were non-families.",
"17.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.",
"The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.15.",
"In the township the population was spread out with 27.7% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older.",
"The median age was 36 years.",
"For every 100 females there were 100.1 males.",
"For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.1 males.",
"The median income for a household in the township was $65,894, and the median income for a family was $75,842.",
"Males had a median income of $52,276 versus $31,742 for females.",
"The per capita income for the township was $27,916.",
"About 1.9% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 and over.",
"Government [ edit]The Township is served by five public school districts: Clarkston, Holly, Huron Valley, Walled Lake and Waterford.",
"[10]Recreation [ edit]The nearby Highland Recreation Area offers many recreational activities with trails to accommodate equestrian riders, mountain bikers, hikers and skiers.",
"Three different day-use areas provide ample space for picnics, swimming, horseshoes or volleyball.",
"Access sites are located on four lakes within the park for fishing and recreational boating.",
"Located within it now is Haven Hill, the Edsel Ford estate, designed by renowned landscape architect Jens Jensen between 1922 and 1935.",
"[11] Haven Hill is designated as a Michigan State Historical Landmark and a State Natural Preserve.",
"Jensen's landscape elements, with the diversity of tree, plant and animal life, combine aesthetics, history and nature.",
"[ citation needed]The town is home to a ski resort known as Alpine Valley.",
"This was opened in 1961 and has been open since.",
"This resort, the largest in southeast Michigan, is host to multiple lifts with a range of runs available.",
"[12] There are also terrain parks.",
"There are several other public and private parks and lakes that provide recreation to residents and non-residents.",
"Pontiac Lake State recreation area offers public boat access, is renowned for its challenging mountain bike track, and is mostly within the borders of White Lake Township.",
"Pontiac Lake is home to the annual \"\"Quake on the Lake\"\" hydroplane races.",
"White Lake (the lake) also has public access.",
"The township is also home to several parks with public golf courses, including White Lake Oaks and Indian Springs Metropark.",
"References [ edit]Notes [ edit]^ a b \"\"American Fact Finder\"\".",
"United States Census Bureau.",
"Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: White Lake Township, Michigan^ \"\"Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), White Lake charter township, Oakland County, Michigan\"\".",
"U. S. Census Bureau, American Fact Finder 2.",
"Retrieved August 22, 2011.^ Romig 1986, p. 173.^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Oxbow, Michigan & GNIS in Google Maps^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Oxbow Post Office (historical), Michigan^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: White Lake, Michigan & GNIS in Google Maps^ \"\"National Weather Service Detroit/Pontiac, MI\"\".",
"August 2, 2017.^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: White Lake Post Office (historical), Michigan^ \"\"School Districts\"\".",
"Community.",
"Charter Township of White Lake.",
"Retrieved 2 April 2012.^ Grese, Robert E., Jens Jensen, Maker of Natural Parks and Gardens.",
"The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.",
"ISBN 0-8018-4287-5. pp.",
"102^ \"\"Alpine Valley\"\".",
"Sources [ edit]Romig, Walter (October 1, 1986) [1973].",
"Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities.",
"Great Lakes Books Series (Paperback).",
"Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press.",
"ISBN 0-8143-1838-X.",
"Retrieved July 3, 2017.",
"External links [ edit]Metro Detroit portal White Lake Township official website White Lake Citizens League White Lake Public Library Haven Hill, the Edsel and Eleanor Ford estate Crime Statistics for White Lake Plat of White Lake Township, circa 1872 [ show]Places adjacent to White Lake Township, Michigan [ show]Places adjacent to White Lake Township, Michigan [ show]v t e Municipalities and communities of Oakland County, Michigan, United States [ show]v t e Metro Detroit [ show]v t e Historic homes in metropolitan Detroit Categories: Townships in Oakland County, Michigan Charter townships in Michigan \""
] |
D2848264
|
http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_medical_terminology_combining_form_meaning_fungus
|
What does the medical terminology combining form a- mean?
|
"Out of Here What does the medical terminology combining form a- mean? The medical prefix a- means without, so anemia means without blood (i.e. low red blood cell count) and agenesis means without development. What does the medical terminology combining form -itia mean? Appetite Precious Maureen 259 Contributions What does the medical terminology combining form dys- mean? The medical terminology combining form dys- means abnormal or bad. Pegalita 15,285 Contributions What is the medical terminology combining form meaning treatment or medicine? Medicine has a prefix of chemo pharm apoth medi I don't recall any suffixes. Some suffixes for treatments are: tion, otomy, ectomy, sion, opsy, entesis, tics Samples of word …What does the medical terminology combining form -dosis mean? The suffix ""dosis"" or ""osis"", from ancient Greek, simply means ""an abnormal or diseased state"" of the word to which it is attached, as in ""lordosis"", ""scoliosis"" and kyphosis"" …Out of Here What is the medical terminology combining form meaning cartilage? Combining forms for cartilage are: chondr/i or chondr/o Alex146 49,465 Contributions What is the medical terminology combining form meaning beside?epi-Cher1058 2,732 Contributions What is the medical terminology combining form meaning new opening? Suffixes are: -stomosis or -stomy stomy or ostomy You mean 5 letters ...it is stomy Out of Here What is the medical terminology Combining form meaning esophagus? Esophag- is the medical terminology combining form meaning esophagus Ellen Schnakenberg 3,058 Contributions Professional Patient Advocate/E-Patient What does the medical terminology combining form -static mean? The suffix static means against. ex: something bacteriostatic kills bacteria. Cher1058 2,732 Contributions What is the medical terminology combining form meaning pertaining to formation?plas/i, plas/o, -plasia Out of Here What is the medical terminology Combining form meaning male? Andro- is the medical terminology combining form meaning male. "
|
[
"\"Out of Here What does the medical terminology combining form a- mean?",
"The medical prefix a- means without, so anemia means without blood (i.e.",
"low red blood cell count) and agenesis means without development.",
"What does the medical terminology combining form -itia mean?",
"Appetite Precious Maureen 259 Contributions What does the medical terminology combining form dys- mean?",
"The medical terminology combining form dys- means abnormal or bad.",
"Pegalita 15,285 Contributions What is the medical terminology combining form meaning treatment or medicine?",
"Medicine has a prefix of chemo pharm apoth medi I don't recall any suffixes.",
"Some suffixes for treatments are: tion, otomy, ectomy, sion, opsy, entesis, tics Samples of word …What does the medical terminology combining form -dosis mean?",
"The suffix \"\"dosis\"\" or \"\"osis\"\", from ancient Greek, simply means \"\"an abnormal or diseased state\"\" of the word to which it is attached, as in \"\"lordosis\"\", \"\"scoliosis\"\" and kyphosis\"\" …Out of Here What is the medical terminology combining form meaning cartilage?",
"Combining forms for cartilage are: chondr/i or chondr/o Alex146 49,465 Contributions What is the medical terminology combining form meaning beside?epi-Cher1058 2,732 Contributions What is the medical terminology combining form meaning new opening?",
"Suffixes are: -stomosis or -stomy stomy or ostomy You mean 5 letters ...it is stomy Out of Here What is the medical terminology Combining form meaning esophagus?",
"Esophag- is the medical terminology combining form meaning esophagus Ellen Schnakenberg 3,058 Contributions Professional Patient Advocate/E-Patient What does the medical terminology combining form -static mean?",
"The suffix static means against.",
"ex: something bacteriostatic kills bacteria.",
"Cher1058 2,732 Contributions What is the medical terminology combining form meaning pertaining to formation?plas/i, plas/o, -plasia Out of Here What is the medical terminology Combining form meaning male?",
"Andro- is the medical terminology combining form meaning male. \""
] |
D745509
|
http://www.fitnessrxwomen.com/training/workout-tips-advice/pulse-squats/
|
Pulse Squats
|
Fitness RX for Women> Training> Workout Tips & Advice> Pulse Squats Pulse Squats An advanced lower-body challengeby Gina Aliotti Saturday. 31 May 2014Share This!Want to take your squats to another level? Try pulse squats! Once you master the squa t, this is a great way to challenge yourself with a more advanced movement. What I love about pulse squats is you can get the most amazing lower body burn and target all those large muscle groups ( glutes, quads, hamstrings, calves and even core) by just using your bodyweight and a different pulse count. How It’s Done All you have to do is start with your feet hip-width apart and arms stretched out in front of you. Perform a squat as you normally would, dropping down towards the ground with your butt pushed back and knees never over your toes. Pretend like you are sitting in an imaginary chair. Rather than coming back to the starting position right away, hold that seated squat position at the bottom as you pulse a few inches up and down for the entire exercise. You can do as many pulses as you can, then rise up for a mini break and return down for more pulses. A few variations I do on a regular basis are either a set sequence or what I call a “ burnout .” The set sequence is when you pick the amount of pulses you will do before you rise for a full rep— for example, two pulses at the bottom, a full rep, then back to the two pulses followed by a full rep. The “ burnout ” sequence is where you pulse until your quads are on fire and you can’t pulse anymore, then you rise for a full rep and repeat a few times. You can try different variations to keep your body responding and to have fun with this simple, no-equipment-necessary yet effective exercise! Add these to your next workout and let me know what you think! Dig deep, everyone, and feel the lower body burn!G-Tip: Remember, before you move on to the pulse squat, you want to be sure you master a regular squat. Once your form is impeccable, move on to challenge yourself with pulse squats. Remember, while in the bottom of a squat and doing pulses, you want to keep your form the entire time. Keep your butt pushed back and chest lifted during the entire exercise. If you feel yourself getting tired and form being compromised, come out of the squat, rest and get back into the lowered position. Check out my video demonstration: Pulse Squats - An Advanced Lower-Body Challenge Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 0:33
|
[
"Fitness RX for Women> Training> Workout Tips & Advice> Pulse Squats Pulse Squats An advanced lower-body challengeby Gina Aliotti Saturday.",
"31 May 2014Share This!Want to take your squats to another level?",
"Try pulse squats!",
"Once you master the squa t, this is a great way to challenge yourself with a more advanced movement.",
"What I love about pulse squats is you can get the most amazing lower body burn and target all those large muscle groups ( glutes, quads, hamstrings, calves and even core) by just using your bodyweight and a different pulse count.",
"How It’s Done All you have to do is start with your feet hip-width apart and arms stretched out in front of you.",
"Perform a squat as you normally would, dropping down towards the ground with your butt pushed back and knees never over your toes.",
"Pretend like you are sitting in an imaginary chair.",
"Rather than coming back to the starting position right away, hold that seated squat position at the bottom as you pulse a few inches up and down for the entire exercise.",
"You can do as many pulses as you can, then rise up for a mini break and return down for more pulses.",
"A few variations I do on a regular basis are either a set sequence or what I call a “ burnout .” The set sequence is when you pick the amount of pulses you will do before you rise for a full rep— for example, two pulses at the bottom, a full rep, then back to the two pulses followed by a full rep.",
"The “ burnout ” sequence is where you pulse until your quads are on fire and you can’t pulse anymore, then you rise for a full rep and repeat a few times.",
"You can try different variations to keep your body responding and to have fun with this simple, no-equipment-necessary yet effective exercise!",
"Add these to your next workout and let me know what you think!",
"Dig deep, everyone, and feel the lower body burn!G-Tip: Remember, before you move on to the pulse squat, you want to be sure you master a regular squat.",
"Once your form is impeccable, move on to challenge yourself with pulse squats.",
"Remember, while in the bottom of a squat and doing pulses, you want to keep your form the entire time.",
"Keep your butt pushed back and chest lifted during the entire exercise.",
"If you feel yourself getting tired and form being compromised, come out of the squat, rest and get back into the lowered position.",
"Check out my video demonstration: Pulse Squats - An Advanced Lower-Body Challenge Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available.",
"Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 0:33"
] |
D2747159
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stay_of_proceedings
|
Stay of proceedings
|
"The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (January 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)A stay of proceedings is a ruling by the court in civil and criminal procedure, halting further legal process in a trial or other legal proceeding. [1] The court can subsequently lift the stay and resume proceedings based on events taking place after the stay is ordered. However, a stay is sometimes used as a device to postpone proceedings indefinitely. Contents [ hide ]1 United Kingdom1.1 Examples of stays2 United States3 See also4 References United Kingdom [ edit]In civil procedure, a stay of proceedings is governed by the Civil Procedure Rules. In criminal trials, it is governed by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985. [ citation needed]A court may issue a stay in a winding up upon the creation of an application for rescission, an order being made against a false or mistaken institution, the petition debt being paid in full, the pertaining institution ceasing to exist or the prior existence of a winding-up order. [2]In bankruptcy, a case can be stayed if a certification for annulment exists or an Individual Voluntary Arrangement is being negotiated. [2]Examples of stays [ edit]In R v. Crawley a stay was given. The Ministry of Justice decided to cut the fees paid to barristers for Very High Cost Cases (VHCC) by 30% in November 2013. Due to the amount of papers involved this case was classed as a VHCC by the Legal Aid Authority (LAA) who pay the Defendant's costs (as free representation ( legal aid) is required under the ECHR ). Barristers in protest of the cuts refused the instructions to act on behalf of the Defendants at the reduced fees so no suitably qualified barristers could be found to represent the Defendants. As the Defendants would not be able to have a fair trial without suitable representation (in breach of their right to a fair trial) the case could not proceed and was stayed. An adjournment was found to be unlikely to resolve the case and excessive delay would contradict a further requirement of the ECHR (Article 6 (1)) requiring timely handling of prosecution. United States [ edit]According to the legal code, a stay of proceedings can be issued in a case ""brought in any of the courts of the United States upon any issue referable to arbitration under an agreement in writing for such arbitration"" when the ruling on the case is pending, can be stayed ""until such arbitration has been had in accordance with the terms of the agreement, providing the applicant for the stay is not in default in proceeding with such arbitration."" [3]For example, in the 2010s, as federal and state judges struck down same-sex marriage bans across the country, many judges stayed the rulings during the appeals process. Although a state's ban was struck down, such as that of Louisiana, the stay prevented implementation of their ruling pending a higher court decision and so prevented same-sex couples from obtaining a marriage license. [4]See also [ edit]Continuance Preliminary injunction Subpoena ad testificandum Subpoena duces tecum References [ edit]^ Gillhams Law Dictionary^ a b Insolvency.gov.uk Stay of Proceedings^ Cornell Law- Title 9, Chapter 1,3^ http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2014/09/louisiana_same-sex_marriage_ru.html "
|
[
"\"The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject.",
"You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate.",
"(January 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)A stay of proceedings is a ruling by the court in civil and criminal procedure, halting further legal process in a trial or other legal proceeding.",
"[1] The court can subsequently lift the stay and resume proceedings based on events taking place after the stay is ordered.",
"However, a stay is sometimes used as a device to postpone proceedings indefinitely.",
"Contents [ hide ]1 United Kingdom1.1 Examples of stays2 United States3 See also4 References United Kingdom [ edit]In civil procedure, a stay of proceedings is governed by the Civil Procedure Rules.",
"In criminal trials, it is governed by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985.",
"[ citation needed]A court may issue a stay in a winding up upon the creation of an application for rescission, an order being made against a false or mistaken institution, the petition debt being paid in full, the pertaining institution ceasing to exist or the prior existence of a winding-up order.",
"[2]In bankruptcy, a case can be stayed if a certification for annulment exists or an Individual Voluntary Arrangement is being negotiated.",
"[2]Examples of stays [ edit]In R v. Crawley a stay was given.",
"The Ministry of Justice decided to cut the fees paid to barristers for Very High Cost Cases (VHCC) by 30% in November 2013.",
"Due to the amount of papers involved this case was classed as a VHCC by the Legal Aid Authority (LAA) who pay the Defendant's costs (as free representation ( legal aid) is required under the ECHR ).",
"Barristers in protest of the cuts refused the instructions to act on behalf of the Defendants at the reduced fees so no suitably qualified barristers could be found to represent the Defendants.",
"As the Defendants would not be able to have a fair trial without suitable representation (in breach of their right to a fair trial) the case could not proceed and was stayed.",
"An adjournment was found to be unlikely to resolve the case and excessive delay would contradict a further requirement of the ECHR (Article 6 (1)) requiring timely handling of prosecution.",
"United States [ edit]According to the legal code, a stay of proceedings can be issued in a case \"\"brought in any of the courts of the United States upon any issue referable to arbitration under an agreement in writing for such arbitration\"\" when the ruling on the case is pending, can be stayed \"\"until such arbitration has been had in accordance with the terms of the agreement, providing the applicant for the stay is not in default in proceeding with such arbitration.\"\"",
"[3]For example, in the 2010s, as federal and state judges struck down same-sex marriage bans across the country, many judges stayed the rulings during the appeals process.",
"Although a state's ban was struck down, such as that of Louisiana, the stay prevented implementation of their ruling pending a higher court decision and so prevented same-sex couples from obtaining a marriage license.",
"[4]See also [ edit]Continuance Preliminary injunction Subpoena ad testificandum Subpoena duces tecum References [ edit]^ Gillhams Law Dictionary^ a b Insolvency.gov.uk Stay of Proceedings^ Cornell Law- Title 9, Chapter 1,3^ http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2014/09/louisiana_same-sex_marriage_ru.html \""
] |
D3150996
|
http://www.foodsafetysite.com/educators/competencies/general/definitions/def7.html
|
Name three categories of hazards that can make food unsafe
|
Name three categories of hazards that can make food unsafe Biological hazards -- bacteria, viruses, parasites, some molds, poisonous plants, poisonous mushrooms, and seafood that naturally contains toxins. Chemical hazards -- pesticides, food additives, preservatives, cleaning supplies, and toxic metals (lead, copper, brass, zinc, antimony, and cadmium) that can leach into food through cookware, equipment, or plumbing lines. Physical hazards -- foreign objects that accidentally contaminate food that include hair, metal staples, broken glass, bones, needles, dirt, wood, nails. If you have questions, contact Dr. Angela Fraser, Associate Professor/Food Safety Education Specialist, Clemson University, Clemson, SC. Clemson University is an AA/EEO employer and does not discriminate against any person or group on the basis of age, color, disability, gender, national origin, race, religion, sexual orientation, or veteran status.
|
[
"Name three categories of hazards that can make food unsafe Biological hazards -- bacteria, viruses, parasites, some molds, poisonous plants, poisonous mushrooms, and seafood that naturally contains toxins.",
"Chemical hazards -- pesticides, food additives, preservatives, cleaning supplies, and toxic metals (lead, copper, brass, zinc, antimony, and cadmium) that can leach into food through cookware, equipment, or plumbing lines.",
"Physical hazards -- foreign objects that accidentally contaminate food that include hair, metal staples, broken glass, bones, needles, dirt, wood, nails.",
"If you have questions, contact Dr. Angela Fraser, Associate Professor/Food Safety Education Specialist, Clemson University, Clemson, SC.",
"Clemson University is an AA/EEO employer and does not discriminate against any person or group on the basis of age, color, disability, gender, national origin, race, religion, sexual orientation, or veteran status."
] |
D797796
|
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/affirmations.htm
|
Using Affirmations
|
"By the Mind Tools Content Team (106)Using Affirmations Harnessing Positive Thinking© Getty Images asafta Use affirmations to climb out of a negative mindset and into the light. ""I'm never going to be able to do this job; I'm just not smart enough. """"Why does my boss want me to present at the trade show? I'm a terrible public speaker, and I'll just embarrass the company. """"I wish I could stick up for myself at work. In every meeting, I let the others walk over my ideas. I'm never going to get ahead. ""Many of us have negative thoughts like these, sometimes frequently. When we think like this, our confidence, mood and outlook can become negative, too. The problem with negative thoughts is that they can become self-fulfilling prophecies. We talk ourselves into believing that we're not good enough. And, as a result, these thoughts drag down our personal lives, our relationships, and our careers. But, if we deliberately do the opposite and use positive thoughts about ourselves, the effect can be just as powerful but far more helpful. In this article, we'll explore how you can use affirmations to drive positive change in your career, and in your life in general. What Are Affirmations, and Do They Work? Affirmations are positive statements that can help you to challenge and overcome self-sabotaging and negative thoughts. When you repeat them often, and believe in them, you can start to make positive changes. You might consider affirmations to be unrealistic ""wishful thinking."" But try looking at positive affirmations this way: many of us do repetitive exercises to improve our physical health, and affirmations are like exercises for our mind and outlook. These positive mental repetitions can reprogram our thinking patterns so that, over time, we begin to think – and act – differently. For example, evidence suggests that affirmations can help you to perform better at work. According to researchers, spending just a few minutes thinking about your best qualities before a high-pressure meeting – a performance review, for example – can calm your nerves, increase your confidence, and improve your chances of a successful outcome. Self-affirmation may also help to mitigate the effects of stress. In one study, a short affirmation exercise boosted the problem-solving abilities of ""chronically stressed"" subjects to the same level as those with low stress. What's more, affirmations have been used to successfully treat people with low self-esteem, depression, and other mental health conditions. And they have been shown to stimulate the areas in our brains that make us more likely to effect positive changes in regard to our health. This latter study suggests that a stronger sense of self-worth makes you more likely to improve your own well-being. So, for example, if you're worried that you eat too much and don't get enough exercise, using affirmations to remind yourself of your values can spur you on to change your behavior. Note: There is evidence that the higher your self-esteem, the more effective affirmations can be. However, this research also found that if you have low self-esteem, positive affirmations actually make you feel worse, because they set up a conflict between the positive state you desire and the negative feelings you currently experience. If this applies to you, work on Boosting Your Self-Esteem before you use affirmations. How to Use Positive Affirmations You can use affirmations in any situation where you'd like to see a positive change take place in your life. These might include times when you want to: Raise your confidence before presentations or important meetings. Control negative feelings such as frustration, anger, or impatience. Improve your self-esteem. Finish projects you've started. Improve your productivity. Overcome a bad habit. Affirmations may be more effective when you pair them with other positive thinking and goal-setting techniques. For instance, affirmations work particularly well alongside Visualization. So, instead of just picturing the change you'd like to see, you can also write it down or say it aloud using a positive affirmation. Affirmations are also useful when setting personal goals. Once you've identified the goals you'd like to achieve, affirmative statements can help you to keep yourself motivated in order to achieve them. The power of affirmations lies in repeating them to yourself regularly. It's useful to recite your affirmations several times a day (have them pop up in your notifications!). You also need to repeat your affirmations as soon as you engage in the negative thought or behavior that you want to overcome. Get the Free Newsletter Learn new career skills every week, and get our Personal Development Plan Workbook FREE when you subscribe. Privacy Policy How to Write an Affirmation Statement Affirmations statements usually target a specific area, behavior or belief that you're struggling with. The following points can help you to write the affirmation statement that best fits your needs. Think about the areas of your life that you'd like to change. For instance, do you wish that you had more patience? Or deeper relationships with your friends and colleagues? Or would you like a more productive workday? Write down several areas or behaviors that you'd like to work on. Be sure that they are compatible with your core values and the things that most matter to you, so that you'll feel genuinely motivated to achieve them. Be sure that your affirmation is credible and achievable. Base it on a realistic assessment of the facts. For instance, imagine that you're unhappy with the level of pay that you currently receive. You could use affirmations to raise your confidence to ask for a raise. However, it probably wouldn't be wise to affirm to yourself that you're going to double your salary: for most people, and most organizations, doubling what you're earning in one go isn't feasible. Keep it realistic! After all, affirmations are not magic spells – if you can't believe in them, it's unlikely they'll impact your life. Turn negatives into positives. If you are struggling with negative self-talk, note down the persistent thoughts or beliefs that are bothering you. Then choose an affirmation that is the opposite of that thought and belief. For example, if you habitually think, ""I'm not talented enough to progress in my career,"" turn this around and write a positive affirmation such as, ""I am a skilled and experienced professional. ""Write your affirmation in the present tense. Write and speak your affirmation as if it's already happening. This helps you to believe that the statement is true right now. For instance, ""I am well-prepared and well-rehearsed, and I can give a great presentation"" would be a great affirmation to use if you feel nervous speaking in front of a group. Say it with feeling. Affirmations can be more effective when they carry emotional weight. You need to want this change to happen, so every affirmation that you choose to repeat should be a phrase that's meaningful to you. For example, if you're worried about a new project that you've been tasked with, you could tell yourself, ""I am really excited to take on new challenges. ""Examples of Affirmations By definition, your affirmation will be personal to you, and specific to what you want to achieve or change, but the following examples may provide some inspiration: I have plenty of creativity for this project. My work will be recognized in a positive way by my boss and colleagues. I can do this!My team respects and values my opinion. I am successful. I am honest in my life, and my work. I like completing tasks and projects on time. I'm grateful for the job I have. I enjoy working with my team. I'm bringing a positive attitude to work every day. I am excellent at what I do. I am generous. I am happy. I will be a leader in my organization. Tip: The use of affirmations is just one way to make positive changes to your life. You can also use techniques such as Thought Awareness, Rational Thinking, and Positive Thinking, and Cognitive Restructuring. You may also want to take our quiz, Are You a Positive or Negative Thinker? Warning: Negative thinking can cause severe health problems and, in extreme cases, death. While these techniques have been shown to have a positive effect on reducing occasional negative thinking, they are for guidance only, and readers should take the advice of suitably qualified health professionals if they have any concerns over related illnesses or if negative thoughts are causing significant or persistent unhappiness. Health professionals should also be consulted before any major change in diet or levels of exercise. Key Points Affirmations are positive statements that can help you to overcome self-sabotaging, negative thoughts. To use affirmations, first analyze the thoughts or behaviors that you'd like to change in your own life and career. Next, come up with positive, credible, and achievable affirmation statements that are the opposite of these thoughts. Repeat your affirmations several times a day, especially when you find yourself slipping into negative self-talk or engaging in negative behavior. Remember that affirmations are most effective when you use them alongside other strategies, such as visualization and goal setting. "
|
[
"\"By the Mind Tools Content Team (106)Using Affirmations Harnessing Positive Thinking© Getty Images asafta Use affirmations to climb out of a negative mindset and into the light.",
"\"\"I'm never going to be able to do this job; I'm just not smart enough.",
"\"\"\"\"Why does my boss want me to present at the trade show?",
"I'm a terrible public speaker, and I'll just embarrass the company.",
"\"\"\"\"I wish I could stick up for myself at work.",
"In every meeting, I let the others walk over my ideas.",
"I'm never going to get ahead.",
"\"\"Many of us have negative thoughts like these, sometimes frequently.",
"When we think like this, our confidence, mood and outlook can become negative, too.",
"The problem with negative thoughts is that they can become self-fulfilling prophecies.",
"We talk ourselves into believing that we're not good enough.",
"And, as a result, these thoughts drag down our personal lives, our relationships, and our careers.",
"But, if we deliberately do the opposite and use positive thoughts about ourselves, the effect can be just as powerful but far more helpful.",
"In this article, we'll explore how you can use affirmations to drive positive change in your career, and in your life in general.",
"What Are Affirmations, and Do They Work?",
"Affirmations are positive statements that can help you to challenge and overcome self-sabotaging and negative thoughts.",
"When you repeat them often, and believe in them, you can start to make positive changes.",
"You might consider affirmations to be unrealistic \"\"wishful thinking.\"\"",
"But try looking at positive affirmations this way: many of us do repetitive exercises to improve our physical health, and affirmations are like exercises for our mind and outlook.",
"These positive mental repetitions can reprogram our thinking patterns so that, over time, we begin to think – and act – differently.",
"For example, evidence suggests that affirmations can help you to perform better at work.",
"According to researchers, spending just a few minutes thinking about your best qualities before a high-pressure meeting – a performance review, for example – can calm your nerves, increase your confidence, and improve your chances of a successful outcome.",
"Self-affirmation may also help to mitigate the effects of stress.",
"In one study, a short affirmation exercise boosted the problem-solving abilities of \"\"chronically stressed\"\" subjects to the same level as those with low stress.",
"What's more, affirmations have been used to successfully treat people with low self-esteem, depression, and other mental health conditions.",
"And they have been shown to stimulate the areas in our brains that make us more likely to effect positive changes in regard to our health.",
"This latter study suggests that a stronger sense of self-worth makes you more likely to improve your own well-being.",
"So, for example, if you're worried that you eat too much and don't get enough exercise, using affirmations to remind yourself of your values can spur you on to change your behavior.",
"Note: There is evidence that the higher your self-esteem, the more effective affirmations can be.",
"However, this research also found that if you have low self-esteem, positive affirmations actually make you feel worse, because they set up a conflict between the positive state you desire and the negative feelings you currently experience.",
"If this applies to you, work on Boosting Your Self-Esteem before you use affirmations.",
"How to Use Positive Affirmations You can use affirmations in any situation where you'd like to see a positive change take place in your life.",
"These might include times when you want to: Raise your confidence before presentations or important meetings.",
"Control negative feelings such as frustration, anger, or impatience.",
"Improve your self-esteem.",
"Finish projects you've started.",
"Improve your productivity.",
"Overcome a bad habit.",
"Affirmations may be more effective when you pair them with other positive thinking and goal-setting techniques.",
"For instance, affirmations work particularly well alongside Visualization.",
"So, instead of just picturing the change you'd like to see, you can also write it down or say it aloud using a positive affirmation.",
"Affirmations are also useful when setting personal goals.",
"Once you've identified the goals you'd like to achieve, affirmative statements can help you to keep yourself motivated in order to achieve them.",
"The power of affirmations lies in repeating them to yourself regularly.",
"It's useful to recite your affirmations several times a day (have them pop up in your notifications!).",
"You also need to repeat your affirmations as soon as you engage in the negative thought or behavior that you want to overcome.",
"Get the Free Newsletter Learn new career skills every week, and get our Personal Development Plan Workbook FREE when you subscribe.",
"Privacy Policy How to Write an Affirmation Statement Affirmations statements usually target a specific area, behavior or belief that you're struggling with.",
"The following points can help you to write the affirmation statement that best fits your needs.",
"Think about the areas of your life that you'd like to change.",
"For instance, do you wish that you had more patience?",
"Or deeper relationships with your friends and colleagues?",
"Or would you like a more productive workday?",
"Write down several areas or behaviors that you'd like to work on.",
"Be sure that they are compatible with your core values and the things that most matter to you, so that you'll feel genuinely motivated to achieve them.",
"Be sure that your affirmation is credible and achievable.",
"Base it on a realistic assessment of the facts.",
"For instance, imagine that you're unhappy with the level of pay that you currently receive.",
"You could use affirmations to raise your confidence to ask for a raise.",
"However, it probably wouldn't be wise to affirm to yourself that you're going to double your salary: for most people, and most organizations, doubling what you're earning in one go isn't feasible.",
"Keep it realistic!",
"After all, affirmations are not magic spells – if you can't believe in them, it's unlikely they'll impact your life.",
"Turn negatives into positives.",
"If you are struggling with negative self-talk, note down the persistent thoughts or beliefs that are bothering you.",
"Then choose an affirmation that is the opposite of that thought and belief.",
"For example, if you habitually think, \"\"I'm not talented enough to progress in my career,\"\" turn this around and write a positive affirmation such as, \"\"I am a skilled and experienced professional.",
"\"\"Write your affirmation in the present tense.",
"Write and speak your affirmation as if it's already happening.",
"This helps you to believe that the statement is true right now.",
"For instance, \"\"I am well-prepared and well-rehearsed, and I can give a great presentation\"\" would be a great affirmation to use if you feel nervous speaking in front of a group.",
"Say it with feeling.",
"Affirmations can be more effective when they carry emotional weight.",
"You need to want this change to happen, so every affirmation that you choose to repeat should be a phrase that's meaningful to you.",
"For example, if you're worried about a new project that you've been tasked with, you could tell yourself, \"\"I am really excited to take on new challenges.",
"\"\"Examples of Affirmations By definition, your affirmation will be personal to you, and specific to what you want to achieve or change, but the following examples may provide some inspiration: I have plenty of creativity for this project.",
"My work will be recognized in a positive way by my boss and colleagues.",
"I can do this!My team respects and values my opinion.",
"I am successful.",
"I am honest in my life, and my work.",
"I like completing tasks and projects on time.",
"I'm grateful for the job I have.",
"I enjoy working with my team.",
"I'm bringing a positive attitude to work every day.",
"I am excellent at what I do.",
"I am generous.",
"I am happy.",
"I will be a leader in my organization.",
"Tip: The use of affirmations is just one way to make positive changes to your life.",
"You can also use techniques such as Thought Awareness, Rational Thinking, and Positive Thinking, and Cognitive Restructuring.",
"You may also want to take our quiz, Are You a Positive or Negative Thinker?",
"Warning: Negative thinking can cause severe health problems and, in extreme cases, death.",
"While these techniques have been shown to have a positive effect on reducing occasional negative thinking, they are for guidance only, and readers should take the advice of suitably qualified health professionals if they have any concerns over related illnesses or if negative thoughts are causing significant or persistent unhappiness.",
"Health professionals should also be consulted before any major change in diet or levels of exercise.",
"Key Points Affirmations are positive statements that can help you to overcome self-sabotaging, negative thoughts.",
"To use affirmations, first analyze the thoughts or behaviors that you'd like to change in your own life and career.",
"Next, come up with positive, credible, and achievable affirmation statements that are the opposite of these thoughts.",
"Repeat your affirmations several times a day, especially when you find yourself slipping into negative self-talk or engaging in negative behavior.",
"Remember that affirmations are most effective when you use them alongside other strategies, such as visualization and goal setting. \""
] |
D505808
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https://www.sermoncentral.com/sermons/something-good-came-out-of-nazareth-wayne-burnett-sermon-on-miracles-of-jesus-36017
|
Something Good Came Out Of Nazareth
|
"View on one page Download (PDF) Print Save View all Sermons Something Good Came Out Of Nazareth Contributed by Wayne Burnett on May 6, 2001 (message contributor)based on 162 ratings (rate this sermon) | 10,227 views Scripture: John 1:35-46, John 1:46 (suggest scripture)Tags: Miracles Of Jesus Denomination: Church Of God Summary: NAZARETH WAS A TOWN WITH A LESS THAN HONERABLE REPUTATION. GOD BROUGHT SOMETHING GOOD OUT OF NAZARETH. THERE ARE A LOT OF ""NAZARETH"" PEOPLE IN THE WORLD. GOD CAN BRING SOMETHING GOOD FROM THEIR LIFE.1 2 Next Study Tools SOMETHING GOOD CAME OUT OF NAZARETHJOHN 1:35-46 (46)I. THE BEGINNINGA. John Chapter 1 gives us the beginning of Jesus’ ministry and calling of the disciples B. As He called various ones they followed Him without question C. Nathanael’s response is different from the others D. It is not one of joy and excitement but of disbelief and a sense of disgust E. We must give Nathanael the credit due him-he wasn’t just taking people’s word for something or just going by face value-Jesus did not condemn or reprove him for his response but rather made a believer out of him (49)II. THE REASON FOR NATHANAEL’S INITIAL RESPONSEA. It all had to do with the word, “Nazareth”B. Nazareth was a town of Galilee and Nathanael himself was a Galilean C. Galilee was well known as a region that was behind the times, lacked culture, used crude language D. Nazareth seemed to have had the worst reputation of any town in Galilee, evidenced by Nathanael-the name “Nazareth” was not respectable, admirable, honorable. It was spoken with disgust-it wasn’t the ideal vacation spot, a good prospect for starting a new business, a nice community to move the family into E. Nazareth was an isolated city, did not take in many visitors, had the worst cultural habits in Galilee, had a bad name among neighboring towns perhaps due to lack of religious adherence and low morals.-example - there may be a location within your community that has a bad reputation, not an ideal place to live F. Nazareth was also an unimportant town, hidden away in the mountains of Galilee, surely the Messiah would not come from such an unlikely place III. GOD BROUGHT SOMETHING GOOD OUT OF NAZARETHA. God brought something good out of Nazareth - Jesus Christ, His own Son, the Savior, the Messiah B. Jesus changed the reputation of Nazareth1-demon spirits began to recognize “Jesus of Nazareth” - Mark 1:23-24 And there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit; and he cried out, Saying, Let us alone; what have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth? art thou come to destroy us? I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God.2-sick people began to call on “Jesus of Nazareth” - Mark 10:47 And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, and say, Jesus, thou Son of David, have mercy on me.3-God’s anointing flowed through “Jesus of Nazareth” - Acts 10:38 How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.4-The Apostle’s ministered in the name of “Jesus of Nazareth” - Acts 3:6 Then Peter said, Silver and gold have I none; but such as I have give I thee: In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth rise up and walk.5-People were saved in the name of “Jesus of Nazareth” - Acts 22:8 And I answered, Who art thou, Lord? And he said unto me, I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom thou persecutest. IV. A FRESH PERSPECTIVEA. In the O. T. God seemed to limit Himself to the Moses’, Daniel’s, Joseph’s, Noah’s, Enoch’s, etc Download Sermon With PRO View On One Page With PRO1 2 Next Browse All Media Related Media Previous The Storm Before The Calm Sermon Central Power Point Template Mary Did You Know Flickering Mind Media Video Illustration The Blind Man Who Could See Sermon Central Power Point Template The Storm Before The Calm Sermon Central Power Point Template Mary Did You Know Flickering Mind Media Video Illustration The Blind Man Who Could See Sermon Central Power Point Template The Storm Before The Calm Sermon Central Power Point Template Next Talk about it... Nobody has commented yet. Be the first!Join the discussion Sign in to leave a comment "
|
[
"\"View on one page Download (PDF) Print Save View all Sermons Something Good Came Out Of Nazareth Contributed by Wayne Burnett on May 6, 2001 (message contributor)based on 162 ratings (rate this sermon) | 10,227 views Scripture: John 1:35-46, John 1:46 (suggest scripture)Tags: Miracles Of Jesus Denomination: Church Of God Summary: NAZARETH WAS A TOWN WITH A LESS THAN HONERABLE REPUTATION.",
"GOD BROUGHT SOMETHING GOOD OUT OF NAZARETH.",
"THERE ARE A LOT OF \"\"NAZARETH\"\" PEOPLE IN THE WORLD.",
"GOD CAN BRING SOMETHING GOOD FROM THEIR LIFE.1 2 Next Study Tools SOMETHING GOOD CAME OUT OF NAZARETHJOHN 1:35-46 (46)I.",
"THE BEGINNINGA.",
"John Chapter 1 gives us the beginning of Jesus’ ministry and calling of the disciples B.",
"As He called various ones they followed Him without question C. Nathanael’s response is different from the others D. It is not one of joy and excitement but of disbelief and a sense of disgust E. We must give Nathanael the credit due him-he wasn’t just taking people’s word for something or just going by face value-Jesus did not condemn or reprove him for his response but rather made a believer out of him (49)II.",
"THE REASON FOR NATHANAEL’S INITIAL RESPONSEA.",
"It all had to do with the word, “Nazareth”B.",
"Nazareth was a town of Galilee and Nathanael himself was a Galilean C. Galilee was well known as a region that was behind the times, lacked culture, used crude language D. Nazareth seemed to have had the worst reputation of any town in Galilee, evidenced by Nathanael-the name “Nazareth” was not respectable, admirable, honorable.",
"It was spoken with disgust-it wasn’t the ideal vacation spot, a good prospect for starting a new business, a nice community to move the family into E. Nazareth was an isolated city, did not take in many visitors, had the worst cultural habits in Galilee, had a bad name among neighboring towns perhaps due to lack of religious adherence and low morals.-example - there may be a location within your community that has a bad reputation, not an ideal place to live F. Nazareth was also an unimportant town, hidden away in the mountains of Galilee, surely the Messiah would not come from such an unlikely place III.",
"GOD BROUGHT SOMETHING GOOD OUT OF NAZARETHA.",
"God brought something good out of Nazareth - Jesus Christ, His own Son, the Savior, the Messiah B. Jesus changed the reputation of Nazareth1-demon spirits began to recognize “Jesus of Nazareth” - Mark 1:23-24 And there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit; and he cried out, Saying, Let us alone; what have we to do with thee, thou Jesus of Nazareth?",
"art thou come to destroy us?",
"I know thee who thou art, the Holy One of God.2-sick people began to call on “Jesus of Nazareth” - Mark 10:47 And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, and say, Jesus, thou Son of David, have mercy on me.3-God’s anointing flowed through “Jesus of Nazareth” - Acts 10:38 How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.4-The Apostle’s ministered in the name of “Jesus of Nazareth” - Acts 3:6 Then Peter said, Silver and gold have I none; but such as I have give I thee: In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth rise up and walk.5-People were saved in the name of “Jesus of Nazareth” - Acts 22:8 And I answered, Who art thou, Lord?",
"And he said unto me, I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom thou persecutest.",
"IV.",
"A FRESH PERSPECTIVEA.",
"In the O. T. God seemed to limit Himself to the Moses’, Daniel’s, Joseph’s, Noah’s, Enoch’s, etc Download Sermon With PRO View On One Page With PRO1 2 Next Browse All Media Related Media Previous The Storm Before The Calm Sermon Central Power Point Template Mary Did You Know Flickering Mind Media Video Illustration The Blind Man Who Could See Sermon Central Power Point Template The Storm Before The Calm Sermon Central Power Point Template Mary Did You Know Flickering Mind Media Video Illustration The Blind Man Who Could See Sermon Central Power Point Template The Storm Before The Calm Sermon Central Power Point Template Next Talk about it... Nobody has commented yet.",
"Be the first!Join the discussion Sign in to leave a comment \""
] |
D2507441
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http://www.online-literature.com/tennyson/
|
Lord Alfred Tennyson
|
"Biography of Lord Alfred Tennyson Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892), English poet often regarded as the chief representative of the Victorian age in poetry. Tennyson succeeded Wordsworth as Poet Laureate in 1850. Alfred, Lord Tennyson was born on August 5, 1809 in Somersby, Lincolnshire. His father, George Clayton Tennyson, a clergyman and rector, suffered from depression and was notoriously absentminded. Alfred began to write poetry at an early age in the style of Lord Byron. After spending four unhappy years in school he was tutored at home. Tennyson then studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he joined the literary club 'The Apostles' and met Arthur Hallam, who became his closest friend. Tennyson published Poems, Chiefly Lyrical, in 1830, which included the popular ""Mariana"". His next book, Poems (1833), received unfavorable reviews, and Tennyson ceased to publish for nearly ten years. Hallam died suddenly on the same year in Vienna. It was a heavy blow to Tennyson. He began to write ""In Memoriam"", an elegy for his lost friend - the work took seventeen years. ""The Lady of Shalott"", ""The Lotus-eaters"" ""Morte d'Arthur"" and ""Ulysses"" appeared in 1842 in the two-volume Poems and established his reputation as a writer. After marrying Emily Sellwood, whom he had already met in 1836, the couple settled in Farringford, a house in Freshwater on the Isle of Wight in 1853. From there the family moved in 1869 to Aldworth, Surrey. During these later years he produced some of his best poems. Among Tennyson's major poetic achievements is the elegy mourning the death of his friend Arthur Hallam, ""In Memoriam"" (1850). The patriotic poem ""Charge of the Light Brigade"", published in Maud (1855), is one of Tennyson's best known works, although at first ""Maud"" was found obscure or morbid by critics ranging from George Eliot to Gladstone. Enoch Arden (1864) was based on a true story of a sailor thought drowned at sea who returned home after several years to find that his wife had remarried. Idylls Of The King (1859-1885) dealt with the Arthurian theme. In the 1870s Tennyson wrote several plays, among them the poetic dramas Queen Mary (1875) and Harold (1876). In 1884 he was created a baron. Tennyson died at Aldwort on October 6, 1892 and was buried in the Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey. The above biography is copyrighted. Do not republish it without permission. Forum Discussions on Lord Alfred Tennyson Recent Forum Posts on Lord Alfred Tennysonwould it be okwould it be ok if i used the Tennyson biography for a school project? It would only be used for educational purposes only.... Posted By Poet God in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 0 Repliesplease help me ... Project about Lord Alfred Tennysonhello everybody, I have to writte a research paper about Lord Afred Tennyson ....it has to contain 3 chapters:1. Tennyson and the Victorians - Mapping the Historical Context of the Poet's Work 2. Literary Romanticism in 19th century England 3. Romanticism in Tennyson's Major Works The thing is that i'm not allowed to take anything from the internet and also i dont know what books i should use,also i'm not allowed to write exactly like in the books... Can anybody help me?? ?please i would deeply apreciate it...have a nice day... Posted By doruletzz89 in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 0 Replies The Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson Hi I do not expect anyone to help me with my homework (: but I need some help from people, who've read The Things They Carried by Tim'O Brien, to point out some interesting similarities and differences between these two works. I'll be doing a presentation soon on these two works but I'm having some trouble creating a systematic smooth structure for it. Thank you everyone (: Hopefully someone helps me :|... Posted By N037 in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 7 Replies In need of a little assistance I'm currently working on a research project over Tennyson in my writing class at school. The thesis: ""No author lives in a vacuum; all writers are influenced by their own times, their own places. This was certainly true of (Tennyson), who, in turn, influenced English literature with ______"" I've found a ton of information on his life story, but I'm having trouble connecting that with his influences and contributions, so my favor to ask is a point in the right direction (mostly with the contributions part). points of interest (links, websites, books to check out, etc) will be much appreciated. I'm not asking for a ""walk through"" on this assignment, since from what I've read of Tennyson... Posted By brisch in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 0 Replies The Eagle I love the work of Tennyson, and I find this poem to be particularly striking. For so few lines, it has a great deal of depth to it, and carries a lot of weight. I find it to be an extremely moving poem. Upon reading it my immediate impulse was that the poem was about death, and I find that last line has a great deal of impact and strikes right into the heart. But there are certainly other ways in which the poem can be read, and it is vague, and offers multitudes of possibility. I am curious to see what others make of this poem. The Eagle He clasps the crag with crooked hands; Close to the sun in lonely lands, Ring’d with the azure world, he stands. The wrinkled s... Posted By Dark Muse in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 2 Replies Please critique my essay on Tennyson's Lady of Shalottessay deleted... Posted By regularjoe in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 4 Replies My essay on Tennyson's Mariana (comments are welcome)edit: essay deleted.... Posted By regularjoe in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 9 Replies ALT: TLo S - great (moved)The Lady of Shalott - Alfred Lord Tennyson Part I On either side the river lie Long fields of barley and of rye, That clothe the wold and meet the sky; And through the field the road runs by To many-towered Camelot; And up and down the people go, Gazing where the lilies blow Round an island there below, The island of Shalott. Willows whiten, aspens quiver, Little breezes dusk and shiver Through the wave that runs for ever By the island in the river Flowing down to Camelot. Four grey walls, and four grey towers, Overlook a space of flowers, And the silent isle imbowers The Lady of Shalott. By the margin, willow-veiled, Slide the heavy barges trailed By slow horses... Posted By wsww in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 0 Replies What Alfred Lord Tennyson poems are middleclass & what notions of appropriate female In Tennyson's Mariana what are the notions of appropriate female behaviour within it and why was the woman depicted this way. Also, what 3 other Tennyson poems are of middle class females, what notions of appropriate behaviour are within it, how are the female characters represented and why were the women depicted this way.... Posted By Emma Amanda in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 3 Replies Home They Brought Her Warrior Dead I love old stories of knights, and warriors of the day of yore, and I am a huge fan of Arthurian lore, so I just loved this poem, and it really spoke to me. Home They Brought Her Warrior Dead Home they brought her warrior dead: She nor swooned, nor uttered cry: All her maidens, watching, said, 'She must weep or she will die.' Then they praised him, soft and low, Called him worthy to be loved, Truest friend and noblest foe; Yet she neither spoke nor moved. Stole a maiden from her place, Lightly to the warrior stepped, Took the face-cloth from the face; Yet she neither moved nor wept. Rose a nurse of ninety years, Set his child upon her knee-- Like summer tempest cam... Posted By Dark Muse in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 4 Replies Ulysses Please explain critically this poem for me. Thanks... Posted By belatrixx in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 2 Replies Please Help!! Morte D'arthurhi ive been given the assignment on Morte d'Arthur and i would be really grateful if anyone could help me out. i have to identify in depth links and interpretations and all ive got so far is links to medievalism and links to Lady of Shallot. i will be happy for any replys, as i am currently stuck thankyou will x x x x... Posted By ionians11 in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 2 Replies Post a New Comment/Question on Tennyson "
|
[
"\"Biography of Lord Alfred Tennyson Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892), English poet often regarded as the chief representative of the Victorian age in poetry.",
"Tennyson succeeded Wordsworth as Poet Laureate in 1850.",
"Alfred, Lord Tennyson was born on August 5, 1809 in Somersby, Lincolnshire.",
"His father, George Clayton Tennyson, a clergyman and rector, suffered from depression and was notoriously absentminded.",
"Alfred began to write poetry at an early age in the style of Lord Byron.",
"After spending four unhappy years in school he was tutored at home.",
"Tennyson then studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he joined the literary club 'The Apostles' and met Arthur Hallam, who became his closest friend.",
"Tennyson published Poems, Chiefly Lyrical, in 1830, which included the popular \"\"Mariana\"\".",
"His next book, Poems (1833), received unfavorable reviews, and Tennyson ceased to publish for nearly ten years.",
"Hallam died suddenly on the same year in Vienna.",
"It was a heavy blow to Tennyson.",
"He began to write \"\"In Memoriam\"\", an elegy for his lost friend - the work took seventeen years.",
"\"\"The Lady of Shalott\"\", \"\"The Lotus-eaters\"\" \"\"Morte d'Arthur\"\" and \"\"Ulysses\"\" appeared in 1842 in the two-volume Poems and established his reputation as a writer.",
"After marrying Emily Sellwood, whom he had already met in 1836, the couple settled in Farringford, a house in Freshwater on the Isle of Wight in 1853.",
"From there the family moved in 1869 to Aldworth, Surrey.",
"During these later years he produced some of his best poems.",
"Among Tennyson's major poetic achievements is the elegy mourning the death of his friend Arthur Hallam, \"\"In Memoriam\"\" (1850).",
"The patriotic poem \"\"Charge of the Light Brigade\"\", published in Maud (1855), is one of Tennyson's best known works, although at first \"\"Maud\"\" was found obscure or morbid by critics ranging from George Eliot to Gladstone.",
"Enoch Arden (1864) was based on a true story of a sailor thought drowned at sea who returned home after several years to find that his wife had remarried.",
"Idylls Of The King (1859-1885) dealt with the Arthurian theme.",
"In the 1870s Tennyson wrote several plays, among them the poetic dramas Queen Mary (1875) and Harold (1876).",
"In 1884 he was created a baron.",
"Tennyson died at Aldwort on October 6, 1892 and was buried in the Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.",
"The above biography is copyrighted.",
"Do not republish it without permission.",
"Forum Discussions on Lord Alfred Tennyson Recent Forum Posts on Lord Alfred Tennysonwould it be okwould it be ok if i used the Tennyson biography for a school project?",
"It would only be used for educational purposes only.... Posted By Poet God in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 0 Repliesplease help me ... Project about Lord Alfred Tennysonhello everybody, I have to writte a research paper about Lord Afred Tennyson ....it has to contain 3 chapters:1.",
"Tennyson and the Victorians - Mapping the Historical Context of the Poet's Work 2.",
"Literary Romanticism in 19th century England 3.",
"Romanticism in Tennyson's Major Works The thing is that i'm not allowed to take anything from the internet and also i dont know what books i should use,also i'm not allowed to write exactly like in the books... Can anybody help me??",
"?please i would deeply apreciate it...have a nice day... Posted By doruletzz89 in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 0 Replies The Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson Hi I do not expect anyone to help me with my homework (: but I need some help from people, who've read The Things They Carried by Tim'O Brien, to point out some interesting similarities and differences between these two works.",
"I'll be doing a presentation soon on these two works but I'm having some trouble creating a systematic smooth structure for it.",
"Thank you everyone (: Hopefully someone helps me :|... Posted By N037 in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 7 Replies In need of a little assistance I'm currently working on a research project over Tennyson in my writing class at school.",
"The thesis: \"\"No author lives in a vacuum; all writers are influenced by their own times, their own places.",
"This was certainly true of (Tennyson), who, in turn, influenced English literature with ______\"\" I've found a ton of information on his life story, but I'm having trouble connecting that with his influences and contributions, so my favor to ask is a point in the right direction (mostly with the contributions part).",
"points of interest (links, websites, books to check out, etc) will be much appreciated.",
"I'm not asking for a \"\"walk through\"\" on this assignment, since from what I've read of Tennyson... Posted By brisch in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 0 Replies The Eagle I love the work of Tennyson, and I find this poem to be particularly striking.",
"For so few lines, it has a great deal of depth to it, and carries a lot of weight.",
"I find it to be an extremely moving poem.",
"Upon reading it my immediate impulse was that the poem was about death, and I find that last line has a great deal of impact and strikes right into the heart.",
"But there are certainly other ways in which the poem can be read, and it is vague, and offers multitudes of possibility.",
"I am curious to see what others make of this poem.",
"The Eagle He clasps the crag with crooked hands; Close to the sun in lonely lands, Ring’d with the azure world, he stands.",
"The wrinkled s... Posted By Dark Muse in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 2 Replies Please critique my essay on Tennyson's Lady of Shalottessay deleted... Posted By regularjoe in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 4 Replies My essay on Tennyson's Mariana (comments are welcome)edit: essay deleted.... Posted By regularjoe in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 9 Replies ALT: TLo S - great (moved)The Lady of Shalott - Alfred Lord Tennyson Part I On either side the river lie Long fields of barley and of rye, That clothe the wold and meet the sky; And through the field the road runs by To many-towered Camelot; And up and down the people go, Gazing where the lilies blow Round an island there below, The island of Shalott.",
"Willows whiten, aspens quiver, Little breezes dusk and shiver Through the wave that runs for ever By the island in the river Flowing down to Camelot.",
"Four grey walls, and four grey towers, Overlook a space of flowers, And the silent isle imbowers The Lady of Shalott.",
"By the margin, willow-veiled, Slide the heavy barges trailed By slow horses... Posted By wsww in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 0 Replies What Alfred Lord Tennyson poems are middleclass & what notions of appropriate female In Tennyson's Mariana what are the notions of appropriate female behaviour within it and why was the woman depicted this way.",
"Also, what 3 other Tennyson poems are of middle class females, what notions of appropriate behaviour are within it, how are the female characters represented and why were the women depicted this way.... Posted By Emma Amanda in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 3 Replies Home They Brought Her Warrior Dead I love old stories of knights, and warriors of the day of yore, and I am a huge fan of Arthurian lore, so I just loved this poem, and it really spoke to me.",
"Home They Brought Her Warrior Dead Home they brought her warrior dead: She nor swooned, nor uttered cry: All her maidens, watching, said, 'She must weep or she will die.'",
"Then they praised him, soft and low, Called him worthy to be loved, Truest friend and noblest foe; Yet she neither spoke nor moved.",
"Stole a maiden from her place, Lightly to the warrior stepped, Took the face-cloth from the face; Yet she neither moved nor wept.",
"Rose a nurse of ninety years, Set his child upon her knee-- Like summer tempest cam... Posted By Dark Muse in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 4 Replies Ulysses Please explain critically this poem for me.",
"Thanks... Posted By belatrixx in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 2 Replies Please Help!!",
"Morte D'arthurhi ive been given the assignment on Morte d'Arthur and i would be really grateful if anyone could help me out.",
"i have to identify in depth links and interpretations and all ive got so far is links to medievalism and links to Lady of Shallot.",
"i will be happy for any replys, as i am currently stuck thankyou will x x x x... Posted By ionians11 in Tennyson, Lord Alfred || 2 Replies Post a New Comment/Question on Tennyson \""
] |
D1035599
|
https://www.digminecraft.com/spawn_eggs/spawn_wolf.php
|
Spawn Wolf (Spawn Egg) in Minecraft
|
Spawn Wolf (Spawn Egg) in Minecraft This Minecraft tutorial explains all about spawn eggs that can be used to instantly spawn a wolf with screenshots and step-by-step instructions. Supported Platforms A Spawn Wolf is available in the following versions of Minecraft: Platform Supported (Version*)Java Edition (PC/Mac) Yes Pocket Edition (PE) Yes PS3 Yes PS4 Yes Xbox 360 Yes Xbox One Yes Windows 10 Edition Yes Wii U Yes Nintendo Switch Yes Education Edition Yes* The version that it was added or removed, if applicable. Background In Minecraft, there is a spawn egg called Spawn Wolf that is light gray with light brown spots. This spawn egg is an item that can not be crafted in the game. It is only available in Creative mode (not Survival mode) through the Creative Inventory menu. When you use this spawn egg, it will instantly spawn a wolf. Where to find a Spawn Wolf in Creative Mode Java PE Win10 Edu Console Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac)Here is where you can find a Spawn Wolf in the Creative Inventory menu: Platform Version (s) Creative Menu Location Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.8 - 1.13 Miscellaneous Definitions Platform is the platform that applies. Version is the Minecraft version number (s) where the item can be found in the menu location listed (we have tested and confirmed this version number). Creative Menu Location is the location of the item in the Creative menu. Item ID and Name Java PE Win10 Edu Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac)In Minecraft, a Spawn Wolf has the following Name, ID and Data Value: Item Description ( Minecraft ID Name) Minecraft ID Minecraft Data Value Platform Version (s)Spawn Wolf ( minecraft: spawn_ egg) 383 95 Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.8Spawn Wolf ( minecraft: spawn_ egg) 383 0 Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.9 - 1.12Spawn Wolf ( minecraft: wolf_ spawn_ egg)Java Edition (PC/Mac)1.13See a complete list of Minecraft IDs that is interactive and searchable. Definitions Description is what the item is called and ( Minecraft ID Name) is the string value that is used in game commands. Minecraft ID is the Internal number for the item. Minecraft Data Value (or damage value) identifies the variation of the block if more than one type exists for the Minecraft ID. Platform is the platform that applies. Version (s) is the Minecraft version numbers that the Minecraft ID and Name are valid for. Give Command for Spawn Wolf Java PE Win10 Edu Give Command in Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac)In Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.13, the /give command for Spawn Wolf is:/give @p wolf_spawn_egg 1In Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.12 and 1.12.2, the /give command for Spawn Wolf is:/give @p spawn_egg 1 0 {Entity Tag: {id:wolf}}In Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.11, the /give command for Spawn Wolf is:/give @p spawn_egg 1 0 {Entity Tag: {id:minecraft:wolf}}In Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.9 and 1.10, the /give command for Spawn Wolf is:/give @p spawn_egg 1 0 {Entity Tag: {id: Wolf}}In Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.8, the /give command for Spawn Wolf is:/give @p spawn_egg 1 95Things to Do with a Spawn Wolf Here are some activities that you can do with a Spawn Wolf in Minecraft: How to Change the Mob in a Monster Spawner Other Spawn Eggs There are other spawn eggs in Minecraft such as: Spawn Bat Spawn Blaze Spawn Cave Spider Spawn Chicken Spawn Cod Spawn Cow Spawn Creeper Spawn Donkey Spawn Drowned Spawn Elder Guardian Spawn Enderman Spawn Endermite Spawn Evoker Spawn Ghast Spawn Guardian Spawn Horse Spawn Husk Spawn Llama Spawn Magma Cube Spawn Mooshroom Spawn Mule Spawn Ocelot Spawn Parrot Spawn Phantom Spawn Pig Spawn Polar Bear Spawn Pufferfish Spawn Rabbit Spawn Salmon Spawn Sheep Spawn Shulker Spawn Silverfish Spawn Skeleton Spawn Skeleton Horse Spawn Slime Spawn Spider Spawn Squid Spawn Stray Spawn Tropical Fish Spawn Turtle Spawn Vex Spawn Villager Spawn Vindicator Spawn Witch Spawn Wither Skeleton Spawn Zombie Spawn Zombie Horse Spawn Zombie Pigman Spawn Zombie Villager
|
[
"Spawn Wolf (Spawn Egg) in Minecraft This Minecraft tutorial explains all about spawn eggs that can be used to instantly spawn a wolf with screenshots and step-by-step instructions.",
"Supported Platforms A Spawn Wolf is available in the following versions of Minecraft: Platform Supported (Version*)Java Edition (PC/Mac) Yes Pocket Edition (PE) Yes PS3 Yes PS4 Yes Xbox 360 Yes Xbox One Yes Windows 10 Edition Yes Wii U Yes Nintendo Switch Yes Education Edition Yes* The version that it was added or removed, if applicable.",
"Background In Minecraft, there is a spawn egg called Spawn Wolf that is light gray with light brown spots.",
"This spawn egg is an item that can not be crafted in the game.",
"It is only available in Creative mode (not Survival mode) through the Creative Inventory menu.",
"When you use this spawn egg, it will instantly spawn a wolf.",
"Where to find a Spawn Wolf in Creative Mode Java PE Win10 Edu Console Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac)Here is where you can find a Spawn Wolf in the Creative Inventory menu: Platform Version (s) Creative Menu Location Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.8 - 1.13 Miscellaneous Definitions Platform is the platform that applies.",
"Version is the Minecraft version number (s) where the item can be found in the menu location listed (we have tested and confirmed this version number).",
"Creative Menu Location is the location of the item in the Creative menu.",
"Item ID and Name Java PE Win10 Edu Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac)In Minecraft, a Spawn Wolf has the following Name, ID and Data Value: Item Description ( Minecraft ID Name) Minecraft ID Minecraft Data Value Platform Version (s)Spawn Wolf ( minecraft: spawn_ egg) 383 95 Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.8Spawn Wolf ( minecraft: spawn_ egg) 383 0 Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.9 - 1.12Spawn Wolf ( minecraft: wolf_ spawn_ egg)Java Edition (PC/Mac)1.13See a complete list of Minecraft IDs that is interactive and searchable.",
"Definitions Description is what the item is called and ( Minecraft ID Name) is the string value that is used in game commands.",
"Minecraft ID is the Internal number for the item.",
"Minecraft Data Value (or damage value) identifies the variation of the block if more than one type exists for the Minecraft ID.",
"Platform is the platform that applies.",
"Version (s) is the Minecraft version numbers that the Minecraft ID and Name are valid for.",
"Give Command for Spawn Wolf Java PE Win10 Edu Give Command in Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac)In Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.13, the /give command for Spawn Wolf is:/give @p wolf_spawn_egg 1In Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.12 and 1.12.2, the /give command for Spawn Wolf is:/give @p spawn_egg 1 0 {Entity Tag: {id:wolf}}In Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.11, the /give command for Spawn Wolf is:/give @p spawn_egg 1 0 {Entity Tag: {id:minecraft:wolf}}In Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.9 and 1.10, the /give command for Spawn Wolf is:/give @p spawn_egg 1 0 {Entity Tag: {id: Wolf}}In Minecraft Java Edition (PC/Mac) 1.8, the /give command for Spawn Wolf is:/give @p spawn_egg 1 95Things to Do with a Spawn Wolf Here are some activities that you can do with a Spawn Wolf in Minecraft: How to Change the Mob in a Monster Spawner Other Spawn Eggs There are other spawn eggs in Minecraft such as: Spawn Bat Spawn Blaze Spawn Cave Spider Spawn Chicken Spawn Cod Spawn Cow Spawn Creeper Spawn Donkey Spawn Drowned Spawn Elder Guardian Spawn Enderman Spawn Endermite Spawn Evoker Spawn Ghast Spawn Guardian Spawn Horse Spawn Husk Spawn Llama Spawn Magma Cube Spawn Mooshroom Spawn Mule Spawn Ocelot Spawn Parrot Spawn Phantom Spawn Pig Spawn Polar Bear Spawn Pufferfish Spawn Rabbit Spawn Salmon Spawn Sheep Spawn Shulker Spawn Silverfish Spawn Skeleton Spawn Skeleton Horse Spawn Slime Spawn Spider Spawn Squid Spawn Stray Spawn Tropical Fish Spawn Turtle Spawn Vex Spawn Villager Spawn Vindicator Spawn Witch Spawn Wither Skeleton Spawn Zombie Spawn Zombie Horse Spawn Zombie Pigman Spawn Zombie Villager"
] |
D66946
|
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intermittent+claudication
|
intermittent claudication
|
"intermittent claudication Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to intermittent claudication: peripheral vascular disease Intermittent Claudication Definition Intermittent claudicationis a pain in the leg that a person experiences when walking or exercising. The pain is intermittent and goes away when the person rests. Description Claudication comes from the Latin word that means ""to limp,"" and the condition is characterized by intermittent pain in the leg muscles. Poor circulation produces the pain. The legs do notreceive the oxygen-rich blood supply needed for activities like walking and exercising. Thedecreased blood flow is caused by the narrowing of arteries that bring blood to the leg and foot. The leg pain produced by claudication is usually experienced as cramping in the thighs, calves,hips, and feet. The pain stops several minutes after the person rests, but returns when theperson performs activities that use the leg muscles. If untreated, claudication is no longerintermittent and occurs when a person is resting. People age 50 or older are at risk of intermittent claudication. The risk increases with age. Statistically, 5% of men and 2.5% of women experience symptoms of this condition, according to the Vascular Disease Foundation (VDF). Many people with this condition have cholesterolplaque build-up in the leg's arteries. Smoking raises the risk, as do high blood pressure,obesity, lack of exercise, and diabetes. Intermittent claudication is the main symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which is alsoknown as peripheral vascular disease, and or occlusive arterial disease. Intermittentclaudication is an early symptom of the condition that affects peripheral arteries, those bloodvessels located outside the heart. PAD is caused by arteriosclerosis, the narrowing andhardening of the arteries. Women with diabetes are 7.6 times as likely to experience PAD as those without diabetes,according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Furthermore, intermittent claudication is related to a two to three times increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, or cardiac failure in men with diabetes, according to the association. Causes & symptoms Intermittent claudication is caused by poor circulation and is experienced in a person's musclegroups. It affects the peripheral arteries that convey oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the legs. A person with this condition feels pain shortly after beginning to exercise. Walking may triggerthe pain in an inactive person. Activities such as climbing stairs, walking rapidly or dancing cancause the pain to increase. The person feels the pain as tightness in the calf, thigh, or buttocks. The pain stops after theperson rests for several minutes. However, it returns when the person reaches the exertion levelthat previously produced the pain. Intermittent claudication is the primary symptom of PAD, the condition causing reduced flow of blood and oxygen to tissues. If the intermittent condition is not treated, the person will find thatresting does not relieve pain. As arteries become more clogged, the person could feel pain evenwhen not exercising. Symptoms include cold or numb feet and toes, poor balance whenstanding, a drop in leg strength, sores that heal slowly, and erectile dysfunction (impotence). In the advanced stages of PAD, the person experiences pain when resting. This condition,ischemic rest pain, is characterized by symptoms visible on the feet and toes. These includeulcers, loss of hair, and the change to red color when feet are suspended. Other symptomsinclude blue or purple markings on the legs, feet and toes. The coloring is a sign that lessoxygen is reaching these areas. Furthermore, black skin on the legs and feet is a sign of gangrene infection. Diagnosis People experiencing symptoms of intermittent claudication should contact their doctorimmediately. The doctor will review the patient's medical history and examine the person forsigns of the condition. This examination includes checking for a lower pulse or the absence of a pulse behind the knee, on the ankle, foot, and groin. The doctor may order an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test to determine whether arteries areblocked. This procedure will verify if the person has PAD and provides information on the severity of the condition. The ABI measures blood pressure in the arms and ankle. Readings are takenwhen the person is at rest and after exercising lightly by walking on a treadmill. The ABI index is found by dividing the ankle blood pressure by the pressure for the arm. An ABI below 0.90 in a person at rest is a sign of PAD. The physician may also order a Doppler ultrasound exam to measure the flow of blood throughthe arteries. Cuffs are placed on four places on each leg. The doctor then moves an ultrasoundprobe over arteries in the foot. The probe detects signals from the artery. Testing can last from 20 minutes to an hour. Costs vary by location and facility. In March of 2005, the ABI test was priced from $45 to $150. Some facilities offered a package of tests foraround $200. The procedures are usually covered by medical insurance. Treatment Lifestyle changes are the primary form of treating intermittent claudication. Physicians advisepeople to quit smoking, exercise, and to follow the American Heart Association's healthy dietguidelines. Diabetics need to control blood sugar levels. The patient may need to lower bloodpressure and cholesterol levels. Those measurements should drop when a person makeslifestyle changes. The goal of treatment is stop development of PAD. By exercising, eating a diet that includes fiberand low-fat foods, and not smoking, a person could also reverse the build-up that clogs arteries. After several months of this regimen, many people experience a lessening of leg pain. If paincontinues, the doctor may prescribe medication. Furthermore, surgery may be needed in somecases. Walking Walking is frequently an important treatment for intermittent claudication. A person experiencingthe pain of intermittent claudication may not feel like walking. However, walking can increase thecapacity to exercise. Before starting an exercise program, the person should consult withconsult with a doctor. The physician reviews the patient's medical history, does a physical and may order an exercisestress test on a treadmill. The test shows how long a person walks before claudication starts. Information such as blood pressure is used to evaluate the person's ability to walk. The findingsare also used to develop a medically supervised exercise program. At the beginning, the treadmill is set to cause claudication symptoms in three to five minutes,according to the Vascular Disease Foundation. The person walks until pain is moderately severe. A rest period is scheduled after the person walks eight to 10 minutes. The person walks and rests, with the goal of walking for a total of 35 minutes. The person walks at least three times weekly. If a treadmill is not available, VDF recommends that people walk on a track. Generally, a person walking three times weekly will be able to walk longer after three to 12 months. Medications People diagnosed with PAD are at a high risk for a stroke and heart attack. They should takeaspirin to reduce this risk. Clopidogrel, a drug marketed as Plavix, worked even better thanaspirin in a study. However, it was more costly, with 30 tablets selling for about $119 in 2005. The dosage is one tablet daily. A doctor may also prescribe cilostazol—sold under the name Pletal—which extends thedistance people can walk without pain. One tablet is taken twice daily. The medication costaround $112 for 60 tablets. Surgical procedures Surgical procedures may be necessary in cases where intermittent claudication is disabling. Theperson experiences pain when resting, has open sores that do not heal, or symptoms of gangrene like dying skin in the leg or foot. Bypass surgery directs blood through a grafted blood vessel, bypassing the damaged artery. Thegrafted vessel is either a healthy artery or vein or an artificial vessel. Angioplasty is a procedure to open blocked blood vessels. A catheter (tube) is inserted in thegroin and moved to the artery. Then a tiny balloon is inflated to open the artery. Anotherangioplasty procedure involves the insertion of a stent, a metal device that keeps the vesselopen. Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure. Local anesthesia is used, and a person is able to resume normal activities within one to two days. The cost averaged $6,502, according to a 2001Dartmouth Medical School study. Bypass surgery cost $12,422 on average, according to thestudy. A non-invasive procedure is not as risky as surgery. However, a bypass may be neededwhen multiple sections of blood vessels are blocked. Once a person is diagnosed with intermittent claudication, health plans usually cover part of treatment costs. A study on the overall costs of this condition from diagnosis through treatmentshould be completed by the end of 2005, according to a Sheryl Benjamin, VDF executivedirector. Alternative treatment Ginkgo biloba extract, an herbal remedy, has been used by people with intermittentclaudication. The extract made from the dried leaves of the Gingko tree is thought to improveblood flow, allowing people to walk longer without pain. However, herbal remedies are not regulated the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, and peopleshould consult with their doctors before taking Ginkgo. Furthermore, use of this remedy couldinteract adversely when taken with Vitamin E and some medications. Prognosis If untreated, intermittent claudication will advance and eventually restrict a person's mobility. In later stages, people feel pain when resting. The leg or foot may feel cold. In the extreme stage,the person might need a cane, walker, or wheelchair. There is more risk of gangrene developing,and amputation might be necessary. Diabetics face an increased risk of amputation. PAD also increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Prevention A healthy lifestyle is the best method for preventing intermittent claudication. Cigarette smokersshould quit smoking. Regular exercise and a healthy diet help reduce the risk of this condition. If necessary, people should work to lower cholesterol and blood pressure. Diabetics should strive to manage that condition, obese people should lose weight. The methods of preventing intermittent claudication are also the means for managing the risksassociated with a diagnosis of PAD. People can learn more about peripheral vascular disease through public education programs likethe free Legs for Life screenings held at sites across the nation. The program started the Society of Interventional Radiology features a free ABI testing. Resources Periodicals""New Treatment for Leg Pain-Conference News Update."" Clinician Reviews, April 2002 [cited March 25, 2005]. 〈http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BUY/is_4_12/ai_86050499〉. Warkentin, Donald L. ""Intermittent Claudication."" Clinical Reference Systems. January 1, 2004,1813. Organizations American Diabetes Association. 1701 North Beauregard Street, Alexandria, VA 22311. 800-342-2383. http://www.diabetes.org. Society of Interventional Radiology. 10201 Lee Highway, Suite 500, Fairfax, VA 22030. 703-691-1805. http://www.sirweb.org/index.shtml. Vascular Disease Foundation. 1075 S. Yukon Street, Suite 320, Lakewood, CO 80226. 866-723-4636. 〈http://www.vdf.org/Contact_Frame.htm〉. Other""Intermittent Claudication: 8 Ways to Ease the Pain."" The Doctors Book of Home Remedies,Rodale. [cited March 25, 2005].http://www.mothernature.com/Library/Bookshelf/Books/47/85.cfm. ""Peripheral Arterial Disease of the Legs."" Kaiser Permanente. Updated November 3, 2003 [cited March 25, 2005]. http://prospectivemembers.kaiserpermanente.org. Key terms Arthrosclerosis — A condition where fatty deposits cause the arteries to narrow. Gangrene — The decay of tissue in the body; it is caused by an obstruction to the bloodsupply. Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.claudication [ klaw″dĭ-ka´shun] limping or lameness.intermittent claudication see intermittent claudication.jaw claudication a complex of symptoms like those of intermittent claudication but seen in themuscles of mastication, occurring in giant cell arteritis.venous claudication intermittent claudication caused by venous stasis.intermittent [ in″ter-mit´ent] marked by alternating periods of activity and inactivity.intermittent claudication a group of symptoms characterized by pain, cramping, andweakness in the calf muscles of one or both lower limbs, brought on by walking and relieved by resting for a few minutes. It is a form of arterial occlusive disease and is caused by atherosclerotic lesions of the limbs, which diminish blood supply to the muscles of the lower leg. Called also angina cruris. Treatment has traditionally involved vascular reconstructive surgery to bypass the diseasedportion of the vessel. Modification of risk factors has also proved beneficial, such as smokingcessation, weight loss, and introduction of a graduated program of walking and exercise.intermittent explosive disorder a rare impulse control disorder in which a periodic loss of control of aggressive impulses results in serious assault or destruction of property; the outburstsare totally out of proportion to any apparent stress.intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) a form of respiratory therapy using a ventilator for the treatment of selected patients with atelectasis, those needing occasionalassistance breathing, or those requiring some types of aerosol medications. As the nameimplies, this involves application of pressure only during the inspiratory phase, in order to helpthe patient breathe more deeply. It is used when other less expensive, less invasive forms of respiratory care have not been effective. Called also intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Because of their compact size and capability of operating independently of an electrical current,IPPB machines are used widely. Similar treatment can also be delivered with a volume-,pressure-, or time-limited ventilator or manual resuscitation device. The American Association for Respiratory Care has published detailed and comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for theuse of intermittent positive pressure breathing, which are available online at http://www.rcjournal.com/online_resources/cpgs/ippbcpg.hotmail. Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.in·ter·mit·tent clau·di·ca·tiona condition caused by ischemia of the muscles; characterized by attacks of lameness andpain, brought on by walking, chiefly in the calf muscles; however, the condition may occur in other muscle groups. Synonym (s): Charcot syndrome, myasthenia angiosclerotica Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012intermittent claudicationn. A condition caused by ischemia of the leg muscles due to arterial obstruction, characterized by attacks of lameness and pain precipitated by walking. The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.intermittent claudication See claudication. Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 9th edition. © 2009, Elsevier.intermittent claudication Vascular disease A condition caused by ASHD-relatedmuscle ischemia Clinical Asymptomatic at rest; with minimal movement, intense pain, weakness,limping Mc Graw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The Mc Graw-Hill Companies, Inc.in·ter·mit·tent clau·di·ca·tion ( in'tĕr-mit'ĕnt klaw'di-kā'shŭn) A condition caused by ischemia of the muscles; characterized by attacks of lameness andpain, brought on by walking, chiefly in the calf muscles; however, the condition may occur in other muscle groups. Synonym (s): Charcot syndrome, myasthenia angiosclerotica. Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012intermittent claudication Sudden crippling pain in the leg muscles, occurring afterwalking for a certain, usually relatively constant, distance. Claudication is caused by inadequacy of blood supply to the muscles usually from arterial disease such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS. From the Latin verb claudicare, to be lame or limping and is associated with the limping, grimacing Claudius,Emperor of Rome. Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005Charcot,Jean Martin, French neurologist, 1825-1893. Charcot arteries - any one of a variety of small cerebral arteries. Synonym (s):lenticulostriate arteries Charcot arthritis Charcot arthropathy Charcot bath - for patients with arterial disorders. Charcot change Charcot disease - Synonym (s): Lou Gehrig disease Charcot fever - Synonym (s): Charcot intermittent fever Charcot gait - the gait of hereditary ataxia. Charcot intermittent fever - fever, chills, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice associatedwith intermittently obstructing common duct stones. Synonym (s): Charcot fever Charcot joint - a neuropathic arthropathy that occurs with tabes dorsalis (tabeticneurosyphilis). Synonym (s): tabetic arthropathy Charcot laryngeal vertigo - fainting as a result of a coughing spell, most often occurring in heavy-set male smokers with chronic bronchitis. Synonym (s): Charcot vertigo; tussivesyncope Charcot spine Charcot syndrome - a condition caused by ischemia of the muscles. Synonym (s):intermittent claudication Charcot triad - (1) in multiple (disseminated) sclerosis, the three symptoms: nystagmus,tremor, and scanning speech; - (2) combination of jaundice, fever, and upper abdominal painthat occurs as a result of cholangitis. Charcot vertigo - Synonym (s): Charcot laryngeal vertigo Charcot-Böttcher crystalloids - spindle-shaped crystalloids found in human Sertoli cells. Charcot-Leyden crystals - crystals found in the sputum in bronchial asthma. Synonym (s):asthma crystals; Charcot-Neumann crystals; Charcot-Robin crystals; Leyden crystals Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease - a group of three familial peripheral neuromuscular disorders,sharing the common feature of marked wasting of the more distal extremities. Synonym (s):peroneal muscular atrophy; Tooth disease Charcot-Neumann crystals - Synonym (s): Charcot-Leyden crystals Charcot-Robin crystals - Synonym (s): Charcot-Leyden crystals Charcot-Weiss-Baker syndrome - stimulation of a hyperactive carotid sinus, causing a marked fall in blood pressure. Synonym (s): carotid sinus syndrome Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome - inability to recognize objects by sight, usually caused by bilateral parieto-occipital lesions. Erb-Charcot disease - see under Erb Medical Eponyms © Farlex 2012intermittent claudication; IC; Charcot's syndrome ischaemia-relatedpain/aching/cramp or excessive muscle discomfort, induced by walking/exercise and relieved by rest; caused by arterial stenosis and/or sclerosis; IC is synonymous with angina of effort and maycause buttock, thigh, calf or medial longitudinal arch pain Illustrated Dictionary of Podiatry and Foot Science by Jean Mooney © 2009 Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.intermittent claudication,n set of symptoms produced by low blood circulation in the lower limbs; characterized by pain, weakness, or tension when in use. Symptoms generally subside completely when thelimb is at rest. Jonas: Mosby's Dictionary of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. (c) 2005, Elsevier.claudicationlimping or lameness.intermittent claudicationa complex of signs characterized by absence of pain or discomfort in a limb when at rest,the commencement of pain, tension and weakness after walking is begun, intensification of the condition until walking is impossible, and the disappearance of signs after the limbhas been at rest. It is seen in occlusive arterial disease of the limbs, e.g. iliac thrombosis.venous claudicationintermittent claudication caused by venous stasis. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed. © 2007 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved Patient discussion about intermittent claudication Q. Does anyone suffer with Charcot disease of bilateal feet? Any suggestions you mayhave w/ treatment? Thanks! I was diagnosed with Charcot about 2 years ago but did not believe I had same at that time. After going thru many medical issues with my husband and myself, this wasput on the back burner, so to speak, until other items could be addressed. I am mostly confined to a wheelchair now and find it best off, for now, to wear those ""Croc RX"" shoes (maybe around $40)and also inserts inside the Croc shoes. Initially I was just buying the inserts, but as the bonescollapsed further, with the bone on the right foot actually coming through the bottom of the right foot, I had some made which were made of a more soft, pliable material. Luckily for me, I have access to a person who makes them or else I would not be able to afford them; they are so expensive andoften times not worth your money. Do not let people talk you into buying inserts until you talk withothers or else you will be, like I was initially, just out hundreds of dollars. I did find a few websiteswhereby I was able to order shoes with larger toe room and heel room to accommodate the insertsbetter, another issue you have to think of. YOu just cannot stick inserts into shoes like you used to wear, it will no longer work that way. I would love to share any helpful hints, suggestions, and alsohear from others. AS a medical transcriptionist for many years, I HAD typed the term before, justwas not familiar with the ravages it can cause and the misunderstanding of friends and familymembers. Also, I have these grandchildren whom I would die for and my one wish in the whole world is to take them to Disneyland and just watch them for a day HAVE FUN! I have an older electricscooter but cannot yet bring myself to use it inside the house...our home is not that large anywayand certainly -- as I have found out the hard way! -- NOT HANDICAPPED FRIENDLY! I have notdriven a car since Oct of 07 and I worked for nearly 18 years or so at a hospital in Apple Valley,California, and I miss working so much. If it were not for my sense of humor, my drive, my being a military wife (husband retired U. S. Army), my good friends and good family and, this part SHOULDhave gone first!, my faith in God and in Jesus Christ, I do not know how I would have reached thispoint. I know EVERYONE is having problems...even the billionaires (and yes, I can feel sorry forthem too). We are ALL in this together and to just love one another and help one another should be EVERYONE's top goal. I am certainly no saint here...still love to joke around and if it were not forthe pain meds, I might even have a beer once in a while, but I want to do what is right and I want my legs back! I am also interested to know if anyone knows anything at all regarding stem cellresearch... I heard in N. California they are beginning some type of stem cell research plan for spinalcord injuries on human volunteers - ones I believe who have perhaps lost the use of their legs - so I would be greatly interested in knowing more about this aspect as well. Thanks for reading this andthanks in advance for any and all information, websites, names of other individuals, anything in order to help educate myself, and others, regarding Charcot disease. God bless all of you reading thisand may all your own aches and pains be small ones! Blessings your way always - Barbara A. wow... BARBS- your story is harsh...and (not from my own experience) i know that it's a not an easy illness, it's more or less just like MS. although i do not have CMT i thank you for thegreat offer to help and share tips, it's wonderful to know there are people like you out there thatare willing to share experience!what i do know is that there's the ""Charcot-Marie-Tooth Association"" which have a very good sitewith the latest news and even a big database project that you may participate and help find a cure to that horrible disease.thanks so much! !http://www.charcot-marie-tooth.org/index.php More discussions about intermittent claudication This content is provided by i Medix and is subject to i Medix Terms. The Questions and Answers are not endorsed or recommended and are made available by patients, not doctors. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page:<a href=""https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intermittent+claudication"">intermittent claudication</a>Facebook Twitter "
|
[
"\"intermittent claudication Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.",
"Related to intermittent claudication: peripheral vascular disease Intermittent Claudication Definition Intermittent claudicationis a pain in the leg that a person experiences when walking or exercising.",
"The pain is intermittent and goes away when the person rests.",
"Description Claudication comes from the Latin word that means \"\"to limp,\"\" and the condition is characterized by intermittent pain in the leg muscles.",
"Poor circulation produces the pain.",
"The legs do notreceive the oxygen-rich blood supply needed for activities like walking and exercising.",
"Thedecreased blood flow is caused by the narrowing of arteries that bring blood to the leg and foot.",
"The leg pain produced by claudication is usually experienced as cramping in the thighs, calves,hips, and feet.",
"The pain stops several minutes after the person rests, but returns when theperson performs activities that use the leg muscles.",
"If untreated, claudication is no longerintermittent and occurs when a person is resting.",
"People age 50 or older are at risk of intermittent claudication.",
"The risk increases with age.",
"Statistically, 5% of men and 2.5% of women experience symptoms of this condition, according to the Vascular Disease Foundation (VDF).",
"Many people with this condition have cholesterolplaque build-up in the leg's arteries.",
"Smoking raises the risk, as do high blood pressure,obesity, lack of exercise, and diabetes.",
"Intermittent claudication is the main symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which is alsoknown as peripheral vascular disease, and or occlusive arterial disease.",
"Intermittentclaudication is an early symptom of the condition that affects peripheral arteries, those bloodvessels located outside the heart.",
"PAD is caused by arteriosclerosis, the narrowing andhardening of the arteries.",
"Women with diabetes are 7.6 times as likely to experience PAD as those without diabetes,according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA).",
"Furthermore, intermittent claudication is related to a two to three times increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, or cardiac failure in men with diabetes, according to the association.",
"Causes & symptoms Intermittent claudication is caused by poor circulation and is experienced in a person's musclegroups.",
"It affects the peripheral arteries that convey oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the legs.",
"A person with this condition feels pain shortly after beginning to exercise.",
"Walking may triggerthe pain in an inactive person.",
"Activities such as climbing stairs, walking rapidly or dancing cancause the pain to increase.",
"The person feels the pain as tightness in the calf, thigh, or buttocks.",
"The pain stops after theperson rests for several minutes.",
"However, it returns when the person reaches the exertion levelthat previously produced the pain.",
"Intermittent claudication is the primary symptom of PAD, the condition causing reduced flow of blood and oxygen to tissues.",
"If the intermittent condition is not treated, the person will find thatresting does not relieve pain.",
"As arteries become more clogged, the person could feel pain evenwhen not exercising.",
"Symptoms include cold or numb feet and toes, poor balance whenstanding, a drop in leg strength, sores that heal slowly, and erectile dysfunction (impotence).",
"In the advanced stages of PAD, the person experiences pain when resting.",
"This condition,ischemic rest pain, is characterized by symptoms visible on the feet and toes.",
"These includeulcers, loss of hair, and the change to red color when feet are suspended.",
"Other symptomsinclude blue or purple markings on the legs, feet and toes.",
"The coloring is a sign that lessoxygen is reaching these areas.",
"Furthermore, black skin on the legs and feet is a sign of gangrene infection.",
"Diagnosis People experiencing symptoms of intermittent claudication should contact their doctorimmediately.",
"The doctor will review the patient's medical history and examine the person forsigns of the condition.",
"This examination includes checking for a lower pulse or the absence of a pulse behind the knee, on the ankle, foot, and groin.",
"The doctor may order an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test to determine whether arteries areblocked.",
"This procedure will verify if the person has PAD and provides information on the severity of the condition.",
"The ABI measures blood pressure in the arms and ankle.",
"Readings are takenwhen the person is at rest and after exercising lightly by walking on a treadmill.",
"The ABI index is found by dividing the ankle blood pressure by the pressure for the arm.",
"An ABI below 0.90 in a person at rest is a sign of PAD.",
"The physician may also order a Doppler ultrasound exam to measure the flow of blood throughthe arteries.",
"Cuffs are placed on four places on each leg.",
"The doctor then moves an ultrasoundprobe over arteries in the foot.",
"The probe detects signals from the artery.",
"Testing can last from 20 minutes to an hour.",
"Costs vary by location and facility.",
"In March of 2005, the ABI test was priced from $45 to $150.",
"Some facilities offered a package of tests foraround $200.",
"The procedures are usually covered by medical insurance.",
"Treatment Lifestyle changes are the primary form of treating intermittent claudication.",
"Physicians advisepeople to quit smoking, exercise, and to follow the American Heart Association's healthy dietguidelines.",
"Diabetics need to control blood sugar levels.",
"The patient may need to lower bloodpressure and cholesterol levels.",
"Those measurements should drop when a person makeslifestyle changes.",
"The goal of treatment is stop development of PAD.",
"By exercising, eating a diet that includes fiberand low-fat foods, and not smoking, a person could also reverse the build-up that clogs arteries.",
"After several months of this regimen, many people experience a lessening of leg pain.",
"If paincontinues, the doctor may prescribe medication.",
"Furthermore, surgery may be needed in somecases.",
"Walking Walking is frequently an important treatment for intermittent claudication.",
"A person experiencingthe pain of intermittent claudication may not feel like walking.",
"However, walking can increase thecapacity to exercise.",
"Before starting an exercise program, the person should consult withconsult with a doctor.",
"The physician reviews the patient's medical history, does a physical and may order an exercisestress test on a treadmill.",
"The test shows how long a person walks before claudication starts.",
"Information such as blood pressure is used to evaluate the person's ability to walk.",
"The findingsare also used to develop a medically supervised exercise program.",
"At the beginning, the treadmill is set to cause claudication symptoms in three to five minutes,according to the Vascular Disease Foundation.",
"The person walks until pain is moderately severe.",
"A rest period is scheduled after the person walks eight to 10 minutes.",
"The person walks and rests, with the goal of walking for a total of 35 minutes.",
"The person walks at least three times weekly.",
"If a treadmill is not available, VDF recommends that people walk on a track.",
"Generally, a person walking three times weekly will be able to walk longer after three to 12 months.",
"Medications People diagnosed with PAD are at a high risk for a stroke and heart attack.",
"They should takeaspirin to reduce this risk.",
"Clopidogrel, a drug marketed as Plavix, worked even better thanaspirin in a study.",
"However, it was more costly, with 30 tablets selling for about $119 in 2005.",
"The dosage is one tablet daily.",
"A doctor may also prescribe cilostazol—sold under the name Pletal—which extends thedistance people can walk without pain.",
"One tablet is taken twice daily.",
"The medication costaround $112 for 60 tablets.",
"Surgical procedures Surgical procedures may be necessary in cases where intermittent claudication is disabling.",
"Theperson experiences pain when resting, has open sores that do not heal, or symptoms of gangrene like dying skin in the leg or foot.",
"Bypass surgery directs blood through a grafted blood vessel, bypassing the damaged artery.",
"Thegrafted vessel is either a healthy artery or vein or an artificial vessel.",
"Angioplasty is a procedure to open blocked blood vessels.",
"A catheter (tube) is inserted in thegroin and moved to the artery.",
"Then a tiny balloon is inflated to open the artery.",
"Anotherangioplasty procedure involves the insertion of a stent, a metal device that keeps the vesselopen.",
"Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure.",
"Local anesthesia is used, and a person is able to resume normal activities within one to two days.",
"The cost averaged $6,502, according to a 2001Dartmouth Medical School study.",
"Bypass surgery cost $12,422 on average, according to thestudy.",
"A non-invasive procedure is not as risky as surgery.",
"However, a bypass may be neededwhen multiple sections of blood vessels are blocked.",
"Once a person is diagnosed with intermittent claudication, health plans usually cover part of treatment costs.",
"A study on the overall costs of this condition from diagnosis through treatmentshould be completed by the end of 2005, according to a Sheryl Benjamin, VDF executivedirector.",
"Alternative treatment Ginkgo biloba extract, an herbal remedy, has been used by people with intermittentclaudication.",
"The extract made from the dried leaves of the Gingko tree is thought to improveblood flow, allowing people to walk longer without pain.",
"However, herbal remedies are not regulated the U. S. Food and Drug Administration, and peopleshould consult with their doctors before taking Ginkgo.",
"Furthermore, use of this remedy couldinteract adversely when taken with Vitamin E and some medications.",
"Prognosis If untreated, intermittent claudication will advance and eventually restrict a person's mobility.",
"In later stages, people feel pain when resting.",
"The leg or foot may feel cold.",
"In the extreme stage,the person might need a cane, walker, or wheelchair.",
"There is more risk of gangrene developing,and amputation might be necessary.",
"Diabetics face an increased risk of amputation.",
"PAD also increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.",
"Prevention A healthy lifestyle is the best method for preventing intermittent claudication.",
"Cigarette smokersshould quit smoking.",
"Regular exercise and a healthy diet help reduce the risk of this condition.",
"If necessary, people should work to lower cholesterol and blood pressure.",
"Diabetics should strive to manage that condition, obese people should lose weight.",
"The methods of preventing intermittent claudication are also the means for managing the risksassociated with a diagnosis of PAD.",
"People can learn more about peripheral vascular disease through public education programs likethe free Legs for Life screenings held at sites across the nation.",
"The program started the Society of Interventional Radiology features a free ABI testing.",
"Resources Periodicals\"\"New Treatment for Leg Pain-Conference News Update.\"\"",
"Clinician Reviews, April 2002 [cited March 25, 2005].",
"〈http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BUY/is_4_12/ai_86050499〉.",
"Warkentin, Donald L. \"\"Intermittent Claudication.\"\"",
"Clinical Reference Systems.",
"January 1, 2004,1813.",
"Organizations American Diabetes Association.",
"1701 North Beauregard Street, Alexandria, VA 22311.",
"800-342-2383. http://www.diabetes.org.",
"Society of Interventional Radiology.",
"10201 Lee Highway, Suite 500, Fairfax, VA 22030.",
"703-691-1805. http://www.sirweb.org/index.shtml.",
"Vascular Disease Foundation.",
"1075 S. Yukon Street, Suite 320, Lakewood, CO 80226.",
"866-723-4636.",
"〈http://www.vdf.org/Contact_Frame.htm〉.",
"Other\"\"Intermittent Claudication: 8 Ways to Ease the Pain.\"\"",
"The Doctors Book of Home Remedies,Rodale.",
"[cited March 25, 2005].http://www.mothernature.com/Library/Bookshelf/Books/47/85.cfm.",
"\"\"Peripheral Arterial Disease of the Legs.\"\"",
"Kaiser Permanente.",
"Updated November 3, 2003 [cited March 25, 2005].",
"http://prospectivemembers.kaiserpermanente.org.",
"Key terms Arthrosclerosis — A condition where fatty deposits cause the arteries to narrow.",
"Gangrene — The decay of tissue in the body; it is caused by an obstruction to the bloodsupply.",
"Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine.",
"Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.claudication [ klaw″dĭ-ka´shun] limping or lameness.intermittent claudication see intermittent claudication.jaw claudication a complex of symptoms like those of intermittent claudication but seen in themuscles of mastication, occurring in giant cell arteritis.venous claudication intermittent claudication caused by venous stasis.intermittent [ in″ter-mit´ent] marked by alternating periods of activity and inactivity.intermittent claudication a group of symptoms characterized by pain, cramping, andweakness in the calf muscles of one or both lower limbs, brought on by walking and relieved by resting for a few minutes.",
"It is a form of arterial occlusive disease and is caused by atherosclerotic lesions of the limbs, which diminish blood supply to the muscles of the lower leg.",
"Called also angina cruris.",
"Treatment has traditionally involved vascular reconstructive surgery to bypass the diseasedportion of the vessel.",
"Modification of risk factors has also proved beneficial, such as smokingcessation, weight loss, and introduction of a graduated program of walking and exercise.intermittent explosive disorder a rare impulse control disorder in which a periodic loss of control of aggressive impulses results in serious assault or destruction of property; the outburstsare totally out of proportion to any apparent stress.intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) a form of respiratory therapy using a ventilator for the treatment of selected patients with atelectasis, those needing occasionalassistance breathing, or those requiring some types of aerosol medications.",
"As the nameimplies, this involves application of pressure only during the inspiratory phase, in order to helpthe patient breathe more deeply.",
"It is used when other less expensive, less invasive forms of respiratory care have not been effective.",
"Called also intermittent positive pressure ventilation.",
"Because of their compact size and capability of operating independently of an electrical current,IPPB machines are used widely.",
"Similar treatment can also be delivered with a volume-,pressure-, or time-limited ventilator or manual resuscitation device.",
"The American Association for Respiratory Care has published detailed and comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for theuse of intermittent positive pressure breathing, which are available online at http://www.rcjournal.com/online_resources/cpgs/ippbcpg.hotmail.",
"Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition.",
"© 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.in·ter·mit·tent clau·di·ca·tiona condition caused by ischemia of the muscles; characterized by attacks of lameness andpain, brought on by walking, chiefly in the calf muscles; however, the condition may occur in other muscle groups.",
"Synonym (s): Charcot syndrome, myasthenia angiosclerotica Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012intermittent claudicationn.",
"A condition caused by ischemia of the leg muscles due to arterial obstruction, characterized by attacks of lameness and pain precipitated by walking.",
"The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company.",
"Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.",
"All rights reserved.intermittent claudication See claudication.",
"Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 9th edition.",
"© 2009, Elsevier.intermittent claudication Vascular disease A condition caused by ASHD-relatedmuscle ischemia Clinical Asymptomatic at rest; with minimal movement, intense pain, weakness,limping Mc Graw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine.",
"© 2002 by The Mc Graw-Hill Companies, Inc.in·ter·mit·tent clau·di·ca·tion ( in'tĕr-mit'ĕnt klaw'di-kā'shŭn) A condition caused by ischemia of the muscles; characterized by attacks of lameness andpain, brought on by walking, chiefly in the calf muscles; however, the condition may occur in other muscle groups.",
"Synonym (s): Charcot syndrome, myasthenia angiosclerotica.",
"Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012intermittent claudication Sudden crippling pain in the leg muscles, occurring afterwalking for a certain, usually relatively constant, distance.",
"Claudication is caused by inadequacy of blood supply to the muscles usually from arterial disease such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS.",
"From the Latin verb claudicare, to be lame or limping and is associated with the limping, grimacing Claudius,Emperor of Rome.",
"Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005Charcot,Jean Martin, French neurologist, 1825-1893.",
"Charcot arteries - any one of a variety of small cerebral arteries.",
"Synonym (s):lenticulostriate arteries Charcot arthritis Charcot arthropathy Charcot bath - for patients with arterial disorders.",
"Charcot change Charcot disease - Synonym (s): Lou Gehrig disease Charcot fever - Synonym (s): Charcot intermittent fever Charcot gait - the gait of hereditary ataxia.",
"Charcot intermittent fever - fever, chills, right upper quadrant pain, and jaundice associatedwith intermittently obstructing common duct stones.",
"Synonym (s): Charcot fever Charcot joint - a neuropathic arthropathy that occurs with tabes dorsalis (tabeticneurosyphilis).",
"Synonym (s): tabetic arthropathy Charcot laryngeal vertigo - fainting as a result of a coughing spell, most often occurring in heavy-set male smokers with chronic bronchitis.",
"Synonym (s): Charcot vertigo; tussivesyncope Charcot spine Charcot syndrome - a condition caused by ischemia of the muscles.",
"Synonym (s):intermittent claudication Charcot triad - (1) in multiple (disseminated) sclerosis, the three symptoms: nystagmus,tremor, and scanning speech; - (2) combination of jaundice, fever, and upper abdominal painthat occurs as a result of cholangitis.",
"Charcot vertigo - Synonym (s): Charcot laryngeal vertigo Charcot-Böttcher crystalloids - spindle-shaped crystalloids found in human Sertoli cells.",
"Charcot-Leyden crystals - crystals found in the sputum in bronchial asthma.",
"Synonym (s):asthma crystals; Charcot-Neumann crystals; Charcot-Robin crystals; Leyden crystals Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease - a group of three familial peripheral neuromuscular disorders,sharing the common feature of marked wasting of the more distal extremities.",
"Synonym (s):peroneal muscular atrophy; Tooth disease Charcot-Neumann crystals - Synonym (s): Charcot-Leyden crystals Charcot-Robin crystals - Synonym (s): Charcot-Leyden crystals Charcot-Weiss-Baker syndrome - stimulation of a hyperactive carotid sinus, causing a marked fall in blood pressure.",
"Synonym (s): carotid sinus syndrome Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome - inability to recognize objects by sight, usually caused by bilateral parieto-occipital lesions.",
"Erb-Charcot disease - see under Erb Medical Eponyms © Farlex 2012intermittent claudication; IC; Charcot's syndrome ischaemia-relatedpain/aching/cramp or excessive muscle discomfort, induced by walking/exercise and relieved by rest; caused by arterial stenosis and/or sclerosis; IC is synonymous with angina of effort and maycause buttock, thigh, calf or medial longitudinal arch pain Illustrated Dictionary of Podiatry and Foot Science by Jean Mooney © 2009 Elsevier Limited.",
"All rights reserved.intermittent claudication,n set of symptoms produced by low blood circulation in the lower limbs; characterized by pain, weakness, or tension when in use.",
"Symptoms generally subside completely when thelimb is at rest.",
"Jonas: Mosby's Dictionary of Complementary and Alternative Medicine.",
"(c) 2005, Elsevier.claudicationlimping or lameness.intermittent claudicationa complex of signs characterized by absence of pain or discomfort in a limb when at rest,the commencement of pain, tension and weakness after walking is begun, intensification of the condition until walking is impossible, and the disappearance of signs after the limbhas been at rest.",
"It is seen in occlusive arterial disease of the limbs, e.g.",
"iliac thrombosis.venous claudicationintermittent claudication caused by venous stasis.",
"Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, 3 ed.",
"© 2007 Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved Patient discussion about intermittent claudication Q.",
"Does anyone suffer with Charcot disease of bilateal feet?",
"Any suggestions you mayhave w/ treatment?",
"Thanks!",
"I was diagnosed with Charcot about 2 years ago but did not believe I had same at that time.",
"After going thru many medical issues with my husband and myself, this wasput on the back burner, so to speak, until other items could be addressed.",
"I am mostly confined to a wheelchair now and find it best off, for now, to wear those \"\"Croc RX\"\" shoes (maybe around $40)and also inserts inside the Croc shoes.",
"Initially I was just buying the inserts, but as the bonescollapsed further, with the bone on the right foot actually coming through the bottom of the right foot, I had some made which were made of a more soft, pliable material.",
"Luckily for me, I have access to a person who makes them or else I would not be able to afford them; they are so expensive andoften times not worth your money.",
"Do not let people talk you into buying inserts until you talk withothers or else you will be, like I was initially, just out hundreds of dollars.",
"I did find a few websiteswhereby I was able to order shoes with larger toe room and heel room to accommodate the insertsbetter, another issue you have to think of.",
"YOu just cannot stick inserts into shoes like you used to wear, it will no longer work that way.",
"I would love to share any helpful hints, suggestions, and alsohear from others.",
"AS a medical transcriptionist for many years, I HAD typed the term before, justwas not familiar with the ravages it can cause and the misunderstanding of friends and familymembers.",
"Also, I have these grandchildren whom I would die for and my one wish in the whole world is to take them to Disneyland and just watch them for a day HAVE FUN!",
"I have an older electricscooter but cannot yet bring myself to use it inside the house...our home is not that large anywayand certainly -- as I have found out the hard way!",
"-- NOT HANDICAPPED FRIENDLY!",
"I have notdriven a car since Oct of 07 and I worked for nearly 18 years or so at a hospital in Apple Valley,California, and I miss working so much.",
"If it were not for my sense of humor, my drive, my being a military wife (husband retired U. S. Army), my good friends and good family and, this part SHOULDhave gone first!, my faith in God and in Jesus Christ, I do not know how I would have reached thispoint.",
"I know EVERYONE is having problems...even the billionaires (and yes, I can feel sorry forthem too).",
"We are ALL in this together and to just love one another and help one another should be EVERYONE's top goal.",
"I am certainly no saint here...still love to joke around and if it were not forthe pain meds, I might even have a beer once in a while, but I want to do what is right and I want my legs back!",
"I am also interested to know if anyone knows anything at all regarding stem cellresearch...",
"I heard in N. California they are beginning some type of stem cell research plan for spinalcord injuries on human volunteers - ones I believe who have perhaps lost the use of their legs - so I would be greatly interested in knowing more about this aspect as well.",
"Thanks for reading this andthanks in advance for any and all information, websites, names of other individuals, anything in order to help educate myself, and others, regarding Charcot disease.",
"God bless all of you reading thisand may all your own aches and pains be small ones!",
"Blessings your way always - Barbara A. wow... BARBS- your story is harsh...and (not from my own experience) i know that it's a not an easy illness, it's more or less just like MS. although i do not have CMT i thank you for thegreat offer to help and share tips, it's wonderful to know there are people like you out there thatare willing to share experience!what i do know is that there's the \"\"Charcot-Marie-Tooth Association\"\" which have a very good sitewith the latest news and even a big database project that you may participate and help find a cure to that horrible disease.thanks so much!",
"!http://www.charcot-marie-tooth.org/index.php More discussions about intermittent claudication This content is provided by i Medix and is subject to i Medix Terms.",
"The Questions and Answers are not endorsed or recommended and are made available by patients, not doctors.",
"Want to thank TFD for its existence?",
"Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content .",
"Link to this page:<a href=\"\"https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intermittent+claudication\"\">intermittent claudication</a>Facebook Twitter \""
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http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2396208/Princess-Diana-MURDERED-British-soldier-Police-assessing-credibility-new-claim.html
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Was Princess Diana MURDERED by British soldier? Metropolitan Police 'assessing credibility' of new claim made in court martial of SAS sniper Danny Nightingale
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Was Princess Diana MURDERED by British soldier? Metropolitan Police 'assessing credibility' of new claim made in court martial of SAS sniper Danny Nightingale Police 'scoping information' and 'assessing its relevance and credibility'The force has said it 'is not a re-investigation' into their deaths Diana, Dodi Al Fayed and chauffeur Henri Paul died in Paris crash in 1997Inquest concluded in 2008 when jury returned verdict of unlawful killing By James Rush and Francesca Infante for the Daily Mail Published: 12:24 EDT, 17 August 2013 | Updated: 08:38 EDT, 18 August 20131.2k View comments Scotland Yard last night said they were assessing the credibility of new information relating to the deaths of Princess Diana and Dodi Fayed including an allegation that they were murdered by a member of the British military. It said it was 'scoping' the information, which surfaced in the second court martial of Sergeant Danny Nightingale, the SAS sniper convicted of illegally stashing a pistol and 338 bullets in his bedroom. The allegation was contained in a letter from the parents-in-law of Soldier N, Sgt Nightingale's former housemate, which was sent to the SAS's commanding officer in September 2011. Scroll down for video Police have said they are 'assessing' information it has recently received in relation to the deaths of Princess Diana and Dodi Al Fayed It is understood the information was passed to the Metropolitan Police through the Royal Military Police. The letter says Soldier N claimed the SAS 'was behind Princess Diana's death' and it had been 'covered up', the Sunday People has reported. The letter said: 'He (soldier N) also told her (his wife) that it was XXX who arranged Princess Diana's death and that has been covered up. 'A statement issued by Scotland Yard said: 'The Metropolitan Police Service is scoping information that has recently been received in relation to the deaths and assessing its relevance and credibility. RELATED ARTICLESPrevious 1 Next Premier League footballer ‘is at the centre of £10,000... Archbishop of York orders files to be examined on members of... Share this article'The assessment will be carried out by officers from the specialist crime and operations command. 'This is not a re-investigation and does not come under Operation Paget. 'Police said they are not prepared to discuss the matter further, while a royal spokeswoman said there will be no comment on the matter from Prince William or Prince Harry, or from Clarence House. Police said the deaths of Diana and Mr Al Fayed were 'thoroughly investigated' and examined by an inquest led by Lord Justice Scott Baker at the Royal Court of Justice in 2007 to 2008Diana, Dodi and chauffeur Henri Paul died after their Mercedes crashed in the tunnel, which left the Ritz Hotel on the morning of August 31 1997. The hearing into the deaths of Diana and Dodi lasted more than 90 days with evidence from around 250 witnesses. The inquests concluded on April 7, 2008, with a jury returning a verdict that the 'People's Princess' and her boyfriend were unlawfully killed. After the hearing, Metropolitan Police said they had spent £8 million on services arising from the inquest and the Operation Paget investigation from 2004 to 2006. Diana, Mr Al Fayed (pictured) and chauffeur Henri Paul died after their Mercedes crashed in a tunnel in Paris on the morning of August 31, 1997That money includes the cost of the legal team which represented the force's commissioner at the inquest, police protection for the inquest jury and paying for the Paget inquiry, reported to have cost £3.6 million. Former Met Police Commissioner Lord Stevens's Paget investigation was launched in 2004 at the request of Michael Burgess, the Royal Coroner, who was then overseeing the future Diana inquest. The former top policeman published his report in December 2006, rejecting the murder claims voiced by some, including Dodi's father Mohamed al Fayed. Lord Stevens's investigation found that Diana was not murdered by British spies nor by the Duke of Edinburgh and she was not pregnant nor engaged to boyfriend Dodi. Operation Paget concluded, just like the French investigation in 1999, that driver Henri Paul was drunk and driving at excessive speed. The investigation dismissed the endless conspiracy theories sparked by the fatal accident. Mr Paul had an alcohol level of around 1.74 grams per litre at the time of the crash - about twice the British drink-drive limit. The black type S280 Mercedes was being driven through the Pont de l'Alma tunnel in Paris at around 61 to 63mph - twice the speed limit for that section of road. Lord Stevens said allegations that Diana was murdered were 'unfounded' and that he found nothing to justify further inquiries with members of the Royal Family. A spokesman for Mr al Fayed yesterday said he had no comment to make, but said he will be 'interested in seeing the outcome', adding that he trusts the Met will investigate the information 'with vigour'. The Ministry of Defence said tonight it was not commenting on the matter. Police assessing new information into Princess Diana's death Loaded Progress 0:00/0:00The jury in the 2008 inquest concluded its verdict as 'unlawful killing, grossly negligent driving of the following vehicles and of the Mercedes', the Met said Timeline of events leading to the Diana report Princess Diana and Dodi al Fayed wait at the rear service exit of the Ritz Hotel in Paris on August 31, 1997August 31, 1997 - Diana, Dodi and their chauffeur Henri Paul die when their S280 Mercedes crashes in the Pont de l'Alma tunnel in Paris after leaving the Ritz Hotel. Bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones is badly injured but survives. A number of photographers and a press motorcyclist are held for questioning. September 1, 1997 - Analysis of blood samples indicate Paul was drunk. September 2, 1997 - French prosecutors open an official inquiry headed by Judge Herve Stephan. And Dodi's father Mohamed al Fayed files a civil action in Paris and asks for a widening of the inquiry to include possible charges of violation of privacy against Dodi and Diana. September 6, 1997 - Diana's funeral is held at Westminster Abbey, watched by millions around the world. Her son Princes William and Harry walk through the streets behind her coffin. September 17, 1997 - Examination of debris found at the scene of the crash suggests the involvement of a white Fiat Uno. Identity checks are carried out on 40,000 Fiat Uno owners, but it is never found. March 1998 - Mr al Fayed tells investigators he believes the crash was part of a plot to kill Diana by MI6July 1999 - A French appeals court rejects a request by Mr al Fayed for further official inquiries into the crash. September 1999 - Judge Herve Stephan’s reports finds that that Diana and Dodi were killed because their chauffeur, Henri Paul, was driving at high speed under the influence of drink and anti-depressant drugs. The photographers and press motorcyclist are formally cleared of manslaughter charges. Mr al Fayed announces he will appeal. July 2000 - Mr al Fayed loses his High Court battle for joint, or concurrent, inquests into the deaths of Diana and Dodi. In July 1999 a French appeals court rejected a request by Mohammed al Fayed for further inquiries into the crash November 2001 - Mr al Fayed loses a £100,000 claim for damages over what he had called a ‘flawed’ part of the inquiry into Diana's death. October 2003 - Three photographers who snapped pictures of Diana and Dodi at the crash scene go on trial in Paris accused of invading the couple's privacy. They are cleared a month later. November 2003 - A privacy violation civil case, brought by Mr Fayed against three of the photographers who were following the Princess's car on the night she died,Lord Stevens released his report after three years of investigation - it concludes the couple and their chauffeur died in a traffic accident in a Paris underpass in August 1997January 6, 2004 – Separate inquests into Diana and Dodi’s deaths are finally opened and adjourned. On the same day, the Daily Mirror publishes a letter from Diana to her butler Paul Burrell 10 months before her death in which she claimed her former husband, the Prince of Wales, was plotting to kill her in a crash. January 7, 2004 - Former royal coroner John Burton, who was present at the princess's autopsy, says she was not pregnant when she died. The Scotland Yard inquiry - codenamed Operation Paget - is stepped up. July 6, 2004 - The Diana memorial fountain opens in Hyde Park. August 2004 - A French court orders a new investigation into the alleged falsification of alcohol and drug tests on Henri Paul, his parents have always rejected the original post-mortem examination's findings. May 2005 - Detectives are said to have quizzed Britain's two most senior spy chiefs John Scarlett, the head of MI6, and Eliza Manningham-Buller, the MI5 director general. July 2005 - The wrecked Mercedes is brought to Britain for forensic examination.. December 2005 - The Prince of Wales is finally questioned by Lord Stevens, signalling that the investigation is drawing to a close. He is said to have been asked if he ever plotted to assassinate the Princess. July 2006 - Royal coroner Michael Burgess quits the inquests, blaming a ‘heavy and constant’ workload. He is later replaced by Britain’s top female judge Lady Butler- Sloss December 2006 - Lord Stevens finally releases his report after three years of investigation – it finds that there was no conspiracy to murder the Princess lover and no cover-up afterwards. Instead it concludes that the couple and their chauffeur Henri Paul died in a simple traffic accident in a Paris underpass in August 1997. Lord Stevens stressed that if the Princess had been wearing a seatbelt she might have survived the crash. Advertisement Share or comment on this article Most watched News videos Embed this Car smashes into both sides of motorway as driver has a 'seizure' Shocking video shows BRUTAL street fight between gangs in... Shocking moment bullfighter has leg ripped open by a bull President Trump condemns 'heinous' chemical attack in Syria FBI raids Trump's attorney Michael Cohen's office and... 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Former city councilman hangs himself after strangling his... 'Gangs are a waste of your time': Rap star mom-to-be... Delta passenger claims she was left injured by an unruly... Florida Governor Rick Scott's former press secretary, 33,... MOST READ NEWSPrevious Next● ● ● ●Comments 1253Share what you think Newest Oldest Best rated Worst rated View all The comments below have been moderated in advance. Bazzer69, Walton on Sea, United Kingdom, 4 years ago Rubbish, Rubbish, Rubbish and yet again RUBBISH. Its that time of the year again to waste police time.20332Click to rate Vana, Rialto, United States, 4 years ago Diana was an idiot and a fool, sniff sniff, the future king of England does not love me, sniff sniff, no way I would have divorced Charles, I would have taken lovers and still be alive!!! !24131Click to rate Ben, Bristol, United Kingdom, 4 years ago Wow. Thousands of conspiracy theorists inhabit this site. Whoever would have thought it?15727Click to ratejane, Brighton, 4 years agothis was never an accident in fact I remember writing to Mr Al Fayed expressing these thoughts and sending him luck in his conquest to prove it,I know he didn't win and now I don't think we will ever fully find out what really happened ,: (31187Click to rate Chan chan, London, United Kingdom, 4 years ago Christ almighty, just stop it. She died in a car crash, in a car being driven by a drunk at high speed. She wasn't wearing a seat belt. She died, end of.21434Click to ratearthuc01, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 4 years ago If this is still a country of laws then this be investigated properly without fear or favour. We shall now see what willhappen now.19135Click to rate Pasty, Port Hope, 4 years ago Conspiracy theories will always surround her death. Same story, different decade.12138Click to rate Notorious-human, Earth, United Kingdom, 4 years ago PPL wake up and do your research!10110Click to rate Chris, Sidmouth, 4 years ago So if the information is false then the source of that information is obviously a fantasist. How does that leave his evidence against a fellow SAS soldier? Of course they have to treat it seriously. Leaves the authorities between a rock and a hard place.1086Click to rate Reinventt, Leigh, United Kingdom, 4 years ago Let the poor woman rest in peace.8946Click to rate View all The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of Mail Online. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. 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Lady Amelia Windsor, 22, sparkles in an elegant jewel-studded corset - and flashes a hint of thigh - as she attends D&G show in New York Gabrielle Union praises 'one of my favorite co-stars' Jessica Alba on Today Pai are appearing n a TV pilot spun off from the Bad Boys films Emily Blunt drinks 'disgusting' oil of oregano to cure her colds... despite the fact it 'burns your throat' Actress has VERY interesting remedy Mom-to-be Cardi B admits she didn't trust fiancé Offset until he proposed... and reveals his friends once 'called her a DOG' Expecting first child Paula Patton is totally transformed as she unveils new blonde hair while shopping for groceries in Malibu Robin Thicke's ex looked VERY different Kathleen Turner is still called 'dad' by Matthew Perry... after Friends guest stint when she played his father Charles Pair have stuck to joke Kris Jenner says daughter Khloe Kardashian is 'scared' about having her baby... as reality star preps for imminent birth First tot for reality star Caitlyn Jenner, 68, dons denim shorts for dinner with constant companion Sophia Hutchins, 22, in Los Angeles Close since last June Bryce Dallas Howard admits she has been 'scared off' asking for better pay... as she feared being replaced The 27-year-old actress opened up to Redbook American Pie singer Don Mc Lean's MUCH younger girlfriend Paris Dylan, 24, flaunts her cleavage in playful lingerie He is 73 this year Amy Adams goes glam-free in Los Angeles as she totes takeaway snack and green drink Cut casual figure as she grabbed takeout snack Khloe Kardashian reveals she is due ANY MINUTE as she shares kissing photo with Tristan She has been staying with him in Cleveland Just like mom! Catherine Zeta-Jones, 48, and look-alike daughter make elegant pair at the Dolce & Gabbana Alta Moda event Kate and Wills WON'T know if they are having a boy or a girl until the baby is delivered as countdown begins with parking suspended outside hospital Ariana Grande to release her first new music since the Manchester Arena terror attack in England last year Singer, 24, back in fold A VERY racy royal girlfriend! Son of Norway's Crown Princess Mette Marit is dating a former Playboy model known for her bikini snaps Cardi B covers up her bump in an elaborate denim jacket as pregnant rapper heads out after big reveal She confirmed her pregnancy this weekend'Overwhelmed by him': Actress Teresa Palmer gushes about one-year-old son Forest as the adorable pair cheekily poke their tongues at each other Amy Schumer takes on her dad Gordon in a game of poker as she visits his assisted living facility in Beverly Hills He suffers from multiple sclerosis. Carrie Underwood to perform LIVE for first time in FIVE MONTHS... as she's recovered from accident Blonde beauty is set to make a big comeback Vacation mode! America's Got Talent judge Heidi Klum, 44, goes topless as she puts on a sexy display with younger beau Tom Kaulitz, 28, in Mexico Stunning Anna Lynne Mc Cord shows off her lean legs as she poses in glamorous lace gown for VERY glmaorous photo shoot Actress looked amazing Angry animal lover Ricky Gervais shares shocking video of cruel Chinese meat trade featuring a man slaughtering tied-up dog with cleaver Celebs DO love to get dolled-up! Talented artist creates tiny replicas of A-list stars including Jennifer Lawrence and Natalie Portman using acrylics, and dry pastels Real Housewives of Atlanta star Kenya Moore, 47, and husband Marc Daly are expecting their first child together Reality star married restaurant owner in 2017Is that really you, Mariah? New ad campaign shows diva throwing a tantrum after an assistant booked her into a $40-a-night hostel in Barcelona Chloe Moretz breaks silence on Brooklyn Beckham kiss: Actress listens to Cardi B's new 'cheating' track after ex was seen kissing model Lexi Wood Who is Neri Oxman? The MIT professor that stole Brad Pitt's heart after Angelina Jolie split The matinee idol is said to be dating the academic Harry and Meghan reveal passion for women's rights and the environment as they name charities people can donate to instead of giving wedding gifts Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie have a mini Simple Life reunion...11 years after the show ended Hugely popular show ran for four years Wild thing! Princess Marie of Denmark, 42, steps out in a leopard print skirt with a snakeskin bag as she visits a school in Copenhagen Meghan's got talent! Harry's wife-to-be shows off star quality as she sings and dances at her school graduation in front of proud parents aged just 11Advertisement DON'T MISSEd Westwick steps out with girlfriend Jessica Serfaty in LA... as fashion stylist accusing him of sexual abuse files official complaint to the LAPD'Holy s**t, your ex is going to be a princess!' RHONY's Bethenny Frankel reveals she dated Meghan Markle's ex-husband Trevor Engelson Has Meghan asked ex Burberry chief to make her wedding dress? Designer Henry Holland reveals why he believes Christopher Bailey may have landed the job Back on top! Ronda Rousey wins her debut WWE match as the crowd cheered 'This is awesome!' a year after her disappointing UFC comeback Shine actor Geoffrey Rush 'virtually housebound, barely eats, struggles to sleep and wakes up with a sense of dread' over sex abuse allegations Party time! Ali Fedotowsky throws beach baby shower with pals including Kaley Cuoco She won hearts as The Bachelorette Drake parties with bevy of girls as he enjoys raucous night out in London... after surprising fans with new single Enjoying himself in UKConor Mc Gregor's father shows he is standing by his shamed UFC fighter after he attacked rival fighters' bus with Instagram post about 'DNA'Kris Jenner, 62, flashes her legs in chic mini dress alongside beau Corey Gamble, 33, at Daily Front Row Awards Date night for the duo The morning after the night before! Princess Di's niece Lady Kitty Spencer gets caught in the rain in Gucci loafers following appearance at a NYC fashion show Introducing Princess Alice? Oddsmakers reveal most popular name for Kate and Wills' baby (and it's closely followed by PHILIP in a nod to Queen's hubby)Ryan Seacrest shows he's a man of many talents as he impressively sings Hello with Lionel Richie on American Idol The pair did a little duet Chewbacca gets into a passionate embrace and his age is FINALLY revealed in new trailer for Solo: A Star Wars Story Eagerly awaited movie Victoria and Albert in color: Incredible archive of thousands of never-before seen digitized photographs give a glimpse into life in the Royal household Pregnant Chrissy Teigen shows off her bump in plunging white form-fitting dress as she joins husband John Legend at Daily Front Row Awards Kelly Osbourne beams as she puts on affectionate display with mystery man in Malibu Carrying a black jacket and her beloved Pomeranian dog, Polly Queen Letizia of Spain beams as she attends an awards ceremony in Madrid - after putting on a united front with her mom-in-law following taped 'tense' exchange You Keep Me Hangin' On singer Kim Wilde, 57, wows fans with her 'amazing' ageless appearance on TV... as she claims she has had NO plastic surgery'We've never had a fight': Bernie Taupin reveals secrets to his 50-year partnership with Elton John, and how he has to write their songs in complete seclusion Bella Hadid shows off her supermodel figure in skimpy checked dress as she makes animated appearance at TAG bash in Tokyo Enviably slender frame Revealed: The Queen's perfumer has created a bespoke fragrance for Meghan to wear on her wedding day - and it's a citrus scent inspired by the Mediterranean Brooke Burke beams as she steps out with kids after David Charvet split The pair annouced they are divorcing after seven years Matt Damon is given an Australian tour by new BFF Chris Hemsworth as the two spend time with their families at a school sports day in Byron Bay, Australia PICTURE EXCLUSIVE: Janice Dickinson jets in to Pennsylvania to give evidence at Bill Cosby's retrial after claiming she was raped by the comic Getting 24/7 security Catching up! Kourtney Kardashian has dinner with her kids and Kendall Jenner in Malibu after her island getaway with boytoy Younes Stormy Daniels' lawyer says he'll release composite sketch of the man who 'threatened' her and offer a reward to identify him TOMORROWIt's still the word! As Grease turns 40 years old, FEMAIL catches up on the lives and careers of the hit musical's biggest stars They have changed a lot Showdown time!Things get heated on Real Housewives Of Atlanta Reunion as Ne Ne Leakes says she's 'ready for the battle' with Kim Zolciak Blac Chyna 'is confident' her Magic Mountain brawl will not affect joint custody agreement with Rob Kardashian over daughter Dream How THOR-tful! Chris Hemsworth treats parents to a night at the Commonwealth Games in Sydney as they watch track events from grandstands Amelia Hamlin rocks chic blazer dress as she joins mother Lisa Rinna and sister Delilah at Daily Front Row Awards after revealing anorexia battle Beach babe! Blanca Blanco sprints on the sand while showing fit physique in tiny pink striped bikini in Malibu The 37-year-old actress hit the beach Boy George admits he accidentally watched How To Get Away With Murder instead of Scandal... and got through two SEASONS before he realized Pretty in pink! Hilaria Baldwin showcases baby bump with Alec on red carpet at Mean Girls Broadway opening night She's pregnant with the couple's third boy Katy Perry squirms on American Idol after her religious parents call her 'mouthy' as top 24 begin performing They embarrassed their superstar daughter Paris Hilton, Emily Ratajkowski and pregnant Chrissy Teigen take the plunge as they lead the A-list glamour at the Daily Front Row Fashion Awards A busty display! Sean 'Diddy' Combs shows off girlfriend Cassie's voluptuous curves in white bikini on Instagram Enjoying their vacation Jersey Shore's Pauly D keen to join forces with stars from the UK's Geordie Shore for wild new show... but fears 'someone will end up DYING'Hiding out? Donald Trump Jr dons camouflage and poses on cliff's edge during trip in Spain after wife Vanessa filed for divorce in ugly split'She's allowing Harry to take the lead': Body language expert reveals Meghan's 'deference' for Prince (compared to her 'lack of warmth' for her first husband)Making a splash! Kourtney Kardashian drops jaws in tiny bikini during fun-filled getaway to Turks and Caicos Star looked amazing Sofia Vergara cuddles up to hubby Joe Manganiello in weekend getaway snaps she shares to Instagram The couple tied the knot in 2015Back to business! Princess Mary of Denmark dazzles crowds at a finance conference in Copenhagen following a family break in Verbier Ripped! Justin Bieber strips down for a dip in Malibu swimming hole... after earlier run in with crazed fan The popstar went for a refreshing dip Brooklyn Beckham is engrossed in his phone after being pictured with new girlfriend... as he joins dad David and brothers at LA Galaxy game Watch out Willy Wonka! Gwyneth Paltrow gives son Moses the sweetest 12th birthday party ever at sugar pop-up Candytopia in LA'She's had a really rough time': Friends fear for 'heartbroken' Ruby Rose after her split with singer Jessica Origliasso OITNB star was rocked Paris Jackson nails rocker chic in a khaki green cami dress and matching bomber jacket at Daily Front Row Awards Michael Jackson's girl Charlize Theron puts on a very leggy display in sexy leather shorts and killer heels as she's feted at San Francisco Film Festival Red carpet appearance Jimmy Kimmel reveals death threats he has received against his wife and young son after Sean Hannity feud as he apologizes to the gay community Puckering up! Heidi Klum, 44, kisses new boyfriend Tom Kaulitz, 28, as they arrive in Mexico for romantic vacation Putting on the PDAThe Late Late Show's James Corden and wife Julia enjoy romantic beach stroll as they vacation in Cabo with Molly Sims and Rachel Zoe Trump's sons spent '$73,000 of TAXPAYERS money' on their trip to Dubai to attend lavish wedding of their billionaire business partner's daughter Black Panther surpasses Titanic to enter top three of all-time grossing films at domestic box office The Disney-Marvel motion picture Nicole Scherzinger is hippie chic in a tie-dye maxi as she steps out in West Hollywood after being axed from the X Factor UK Singer, 39, looked happy'Her dad, the billionaire, seems like a great guy': Jeremy Meeks' murdering rapist father says he's 'looking forward' to meeting Chloe and Philip Green'I have no idea!' Blake Lively admits fears she's 'not equipped' for motherhood as she and husband Ryan Reynolds act to protect their young daughters Prince Charles dons a traditional feather headband for an Aboriginal welcome ceremony before enjoying a spiritual blessing Naomie Harris exudes elegance in a patterned ballgown as she joins co-star Dwayne Johnson at Rampage photocall in Shanghai Moonlight actress Couple goals! Blake Lively hilariously trolls Ryan Reynolds as she compliments HERSELF instead of husband She took to Instagram Sunday Nicole Richie is stylish in purple gown embellished with silver flowers at awards show in LA The 36-year-old flashed a little cleavage Khloe Kardashian's ex-boyfriend French Montana launches a menswear line for Boohoo MAN inspired by his Moroccan heritage Includes tropical prints SPOILER The Walking Dead: Negan fights right-hand man Simon and vows to kill 'every last one' of Rick's crew Sunday's episode of the show Dakota Fanning glitters in embellished pink frock at Dolce & Gabbana Alta Moda event in NYC At the Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center Doting dad! Josh Duhamel holds hands with four-year-old son Axl... amid rumors he's dating actress Eiza Gonzalez Transformers actor George Clooney accepts a gift from homeless man turned actor Radioman in New York City He was stood outside star's residence Adrien Brody, 44, and model girlfriend Lara Lieto, 24, share passionate kiss during errand run The couple looked very much in love Diane Kruger showcases ample bosom in off-the-shoulder patterned blouse at D&G event in NYC The actress is 41She's a material girl! Madonna, 59, puts on a busty display in black lace corset as she poses for sultry snap in Lisbon Took to Instagram Prolific voice actor and comedian Chuck Mc Cann who recorded the famous line 'I'm cuckoo for Cocoa Puffs!' dies aged 83 Very familiar TV face Still causing trouble! Guest reveals Conor Mc Gregor was 'being rowdy' at Manhattan hotel just hours after getting released from jail Rita Ora showcases her off-duty style in bold panelled joggers and a sporty bumbag during low-key stroll in New York Hot Right Now hitmaker Baywatch babe! Charlotte Mc Kinney shows off her endless legs in retro mini dress at Daily Front Row Awards Donned tiny dress Alex Rodriguez Face Times Jennifer Lopez during Ellen show as De Generes quizzes pair on how they met Ex-MLB star opened up Kylie Jenner's daughter Stormi is lavished with love as she meets her father Travis Scott's family Rapper took Stormi to meet his relatives A beaming Erica Packer enjoys a day on the water with friends in Sydney as ex-husband James continues treatment for mental health issues Full of Glee! Lea Michele and Zandy Reich share a quick kiss at lunch before heading off on a hike with her father The duo puckered up for all to see Slam dunk! Eddie Murphy and girlfriend Paige Butcher stroll hand-in-hand into afternoon basketball game Seen in LA'My perverted chihuahua has a thing for my underwear': Ruby Rose goes on bizarre rant after finding her dirty lingerie scattered across yard Elsa Pataky, 41, flaunts her trim pins in a leather jacket and electric blue boots as she swaps her trademark bohemian style for an edgy look for photo shoot Playing with fire! Kim Kardashian sizzles as she showcases torso in red string bikini during Turks and Caicos trip The 38-year-old shared images and videos Tiger Woods and ex-wife Elin Nordegren are 'friends now' and 'get along really well' 'Closer now than they were when they were married,' an insider says Sure to be a page-turner! Chrissy Metz wears colorful tropical fish-themed dress for book signing in Los Angeles The This Is Us star Vanessa Trump 'filed for divorce from Donald Trump Jr after her family's multi-million dollar windfall' from her late father's investments A family affair! Jennifer Garner and her ex Ben Affleck put on a united front as they take their children to church In Pacific Palisades on Sunday Rumors continue to swirl that Matt Damon is planning a move Down Under where his 'great friend Chris Hemsworth enjoys the quiet life away from Hollywood'Picture perfect! Leonardo Di Caprio shares snap with Dame Jane Goodall and Moby at 'inspiring' LA fundraiser Titanic actor went casual Brooklyn Beckham flashes new pin-up tattoo which looks VERY similar to Playboy model new flame Lexi Wood Seen sharing a kiss Puppy love! Liev Schreiber, 50, and girlfriend Taylor Neisen, 26, dote on pet pooch during bundled up NYC outing Quick trip to the dog park Justin Bieber dodges crazed female fan with gift waiting for him in parking lot after spin class The pop star dodged a determined female fan Camila Cabello bundles up as she heads to Vancouver for the first night of her tour Miami singer's first ever solo tour after leaving Fifth Harmony Mistress of Wendy Williams' husband ducks for cover and runs a red light after being spotted in New York while still wearing a huge diamond ring Top of the crops! Emily Ratajkowski showcases her flawless abs as she strides through LAX in Cup Noodles crop top The newlywed model grabbed a snack Model behavior! Elsa Hosk flaunts her supermodel figure wearing lace crop top and matching skirt for photo shoot The 29-year-old stunner Depressed Elvis killed himself, his ex-wife says: Priscilla, 72, claims he 'knew what he was doing' when he died from drug-related heart attack Kendra Wilkinson reunites with Hank Baskett for kids' soccer game... days after filing for divorce She filed for divorce on Friday'Our next chapter together': Cardi B and Offset go social media official with their baby news after rapper confirms pregnancy Shared their happiness Keeping it casual! Justin Theroux rocks ripped jeans and a green coat as he enjoys a casual Sunday in NYC He has an apartment in the West Village Romee Strijd flashes her trim waist as she poses in yellow plaid pants and fuzzy jacket in NYC She made the sidewalk her runway'He doesn't want to grow old alone': Russell Crowe is 'ready to debut his new relationship with mystery girlfriend' after raking in $3.7M from 'divorce auction'A Quiet Place starring John Krasinski and Emily Blunt tops box office as it debuts with $50million The thriller edged out Ready Player One Khloe Kardashian cradles bump while bouncing on 'birthing ball' as she awaits arrival of baby girl Modeled a red and black Nike sweater Then & wow, FEMAIL unveil the women who look better now than ever: Elizabeth Mc Govern The transformation of Downton Abbey star Retail therapy! Rihanna looks stunning in a quirky floral skirt and jacket as she goes shopping in Italy She hit the Gucci store in Milan on Saturday Olivier Awards 2018: Bryan Cranston declares 'older white men' no longer have 'free reign' as he throws his support behind Time's Up movement How Hamilton hip-hopped to glory: Musical dominates UK's Olivier Awards and wins seven of 13 categories Broadway hit made it across the pobd Olivier Awards 2018: Hamilton is the night's big winner with seven awards... but hit musical fails to beat Harry Potter And The Cursed Child's record He's still got it! Prince Charles mingles with church parishioners over a cup of tea - and two excited fans can't help but photobomb his picture Calamity Charles! Prince, 69, says bits of him 'keep falling off' and here are the details of the future king's huge catalogue of injuries over the years'I'm 21, a Virgo, Cali-Girl, and I have cystic acne': Riverdale star Lili Reinhart gets real about skin issues with post showing her using spot treatment Benedict Cumberbatch and his wife Sophie Hunter enjoy date night at star-studded Avengers: Infinity War fan event Child-free night Gavin Rossdale is forced to halt his performance and keep zealous fans at bay as they storm the stage during Bush concert in Atlantic City Jenna Dewan spotted without her wedding ring as she steps out in LA following Channing Tatum split Slipped into a stylish denim midi dress Serena Williams dances to remixed nursery rhymes and shows off mini-me daughter Alexis Olympia Posted a cute clip Not a bad view! Bella Hadid showcases defined torso and sizzling legs as she poses in her underwear against Tokyo skyline 'Found in translation'Elizabeth Olsen flaunts her braless cleavage in plunging leather dress at star-studded Avengers: Infinity War fan event Hugged her figure Brooklyn Beckham splits with Chloe Moretz: Teen is spotted passionately kissing Playboy model Lexi Wood in West Hollywood tattoo parlor Fun in the sun! Reese Witherspoon dances with son Tennessee on seaside veranda in flirty blue dress Beamed as she stood behind her dancing son Sofia Richie puts on leggy display in frayed jean shorts during outing with boyfriend Scott Disick They have been together since last year'It's still your sibling forever': Jay-Z calls Kanye West his 'brother' after infamous feud... as he insists they are 'beyond friends' Cleared the air Family fun! Kate Mara gives her stepson a piggyback ride during casual shopping trip with husband Jamie Bell Frabbed some items from J. Crew Liv Tyler sports warm coat as she enjoys a stroll through the city with her family in New York Carried her nearly two-year-old daughter Pierce Brosnan, 64, perfects his posture with some driftwood as he goes shirtless on the beach in Hawaii Seemed right at home on the sand Kim Kardashian puts on VERY busty display as she wears jaw-dropping black dress in throwback snap Flaunting her figure Making a splash! Alessandra Ambrosio shows off bikini body in scarlet two-piece on Hawaiian family holiday Managed to turn the beach into a catwalk Beyoncé and Jay Z 'plan to build a compound around their $88million Bel-Air mansion' to improve security Hollywood power couple Olivia Culpo slips into sexy white robe for cleavage baring Instagram shot Recently split from NFL player Danny Amendola after two years Fitness focused! Jennifer Garner is all smiles as she flaunts her figure in leggings after weekend workout Left a weekend workout session with a friend Toy Story 4 official release date CONFIRMED by Pixar as Woody and Buzz return in June 2019 More than 20 years since its first debut Stranger Things couple Charlie Heaton and Natalia Dyer have tense stand-off on night out in LA Engaged in an argument outside of a restaurant Bella Hadid rocks blonde wig and plaid outfit in Japan... before getting frisky with chopsticks She's been enjoying a trip to Japan all week Olivier Awards 2018: Ronnie Wood, 70, and wife Sally, 39, join Brian May and Anita Dobson for glam awards show Star-studded event Cardi B CONFIRMS her pregnancy wearing tight white dress during Saturday Night Live performance Cameras kept angled above her stomach Naomi Watts shares a sweet moment with son Sasha, 10, as they take a sun-drenched stroll on the beach in Mexico Topping up the tan in Tulum Miranda Lambert 'split' from musician boyfriend Anderson East... after two years together The House That Built Me singer dated the musician for two years Kristen Stewart and girlfriend Stella Maxwell leave gym both wearing midriff-baring outfits Stewart matched her Victoria's Secret Angel girlfriend's look Elsa Pataky shares a sultry snap of herself sitting on top of a washing machine... as she visits Gold Coast, Australia with husband Chris Hemswort Real Housewives of New York star Bethenny Frankel flaunts her trim pins in leather hot pants and knee-high Roman sandals as she explores Sydney'It's amazing and challenging at the same time': Dance Moms star, Maddie Ziegler, 15, lifts the lid on life as a dancing sensation Life in the spotlight Mane attraction! Keith Urban flaunts his luscious locks and bulging biceps as he performs at the Tortuga Music Festival in Florida He's still got it!Madison Beer looks casual in a busty white crop top and jeans as she steps out for lunch in Beverly Hills She drove her pal to a local lunch spot Rita Ora looks kooky in a color-pop orange coat with leopard print lapels as she makes a solo outing in New York Made sure she was easily spotted Lily James says she thinks Meghan will be a 'force for good' as she reveals her interest in the royals since boyfriend Matt Smith's role in The Crown'I really love it here': Kelly Rowland reveals why she has chosen Sydney's beachside suburb Bondi as home as she appears on The Voice Australia Good times! Paris Hilton celebrates Paris Jackson's birthday with fiance Chris Zylka and her parents Both are daughters of famous parents Alec Baldwin returns as Donald Trump to explain why he hates Jeff Bezos in SNL cold open and flies off script during 'freestylin' press conference Miley Cyrus shows toned tummy in pirate-inspired ensemble at My Friend's Place gala in Los Angeles Showed peeks of her toned tummy Kate Wright flaunts her busty assets and washboard abs in a striped bikini as she continues to soak up the sun in Dubai with beau Rio Ferdinand What a fight! Thor actor Chris Hemsworth heaps praise on female UFC fighters after brutal Namajunas and Jedrzejczyk match Playful selfie Duke of Edinburgh, 96, spends his fifth day in hospital recovering from hip replacement op as one of the world's leading surgeons is spotted leaving The Queen joins climate change fight to plant trees across the Commonwealth as she chuckles with Sir David Attenborough in documentary Plenty more PRINCES in the sea! With Harry officially off the market we reveal the VERY eligible royal bachelors who are yet to make it down the aisle Today's headlines Most Read'Untethered' Trump shouted angrily about Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein - accusing him of approving... 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"Was Princess Diana MURDERED by British soldier?",
"Metropolitan Police 'assessing credibility' of new claim made in court martial of SAS sniper Danny Nightingale Police 'scoping information' and 'assessing its relevance and credibility'The force has said it 'is not a re-investigation' into their deaths Diana, Dodi Al Fayed and chauffeur Henri Paul died in Paris crash in 1997Inquest concluded in 2008 when jury returned verdict of unlawful killing By James Rush and Francesca Infante for the Daily Mail Published: 12:24 EDT, 17 August 2013 | Updated: 08:38 EDT, 18 August 20131.2k View comments Scotland Yard last night said they were assessing the credibility of new information relating to the deaths of Princess Diana and Dodi Fayed including an allegation that they were murdered by a member of the British military.",
"It said it was 'scoping' the information, which surfaced in the second court martial of Sergeant Danny Nightingale, the SAS sniper convicted of illegally stashing a pistol and 338 bullets in his bedroom.",
"The allegation was contained in a letter from the parents-in-law of Soldier N, Sgt Nightingale's former housemate, which was sent to the SAS's commanding officer in September 2011.",
"Scroll down for video Police have said they are 'assessing' information it has recently received in relation to the deaths of Princess Diana and Dodi Al Fayed It is understood the information was passed to the Metropolitan Police through the Royal Military Police.",
"The letter says Soldier N claimed the SAS 'was behind Princess Diana's death' and it had been 'covered up', the Sunday People has reported.",
"The letter said: 'He (soldier N) also told her (his wife) that it was XXX who arranged Princess Diana's death and that has been covered up.",
"'A statement issued by Scotland Yard said: 'The Metropolitan Police Service is scoping information that has recently been received in relation to the deaths and assessing its relevance and credibility.",
"RELATED ARTICLESPrevious 1 Next Premier League footballer ‘is at the centre of £10,000... Archbishop of York orders files to be examined on members of... Share this article'The assessment will be carried out by officers from the specialist crime and operations command.",
"'This is not a re-investigation and does not come under Operation Paget.",
"'Police said they are not prepared to discuss the matter further, while a royal spokeswoman said there will be no comment on the matter from Prince William or Prince Harry, or from Clarence House.",
"Police said the deaths of Diana and Mr Al Fayed were 'thoroughly investigated' and examined by an inquest led by Lord Justice Scott Baker at the Royal Court of Justice in 2007 to 2008Diana, Dodi and chauffeur Henri Paul died after their Mercedes crashed in the tunnel, which left the Ritz Hotel on the morning of August 31 1997.",
"The hearing into the deaths of Diana and Dodi lasted more than 90 days with evidence from around 250 witnesses.",
"The inquests concluded on April 7, 2008, with a jury returning a verdict that the 'People's Princess' and her boyfriend were unlawfully killed.",
"After the hearing, Metropolitan Police said they had spent £8 million on services arising from the inquest and the Operation Paget investigation from 2004 to 2006.",
"Diana, Mr Al Fayed (pictured) and chauffeur Henri Paul died after their Mercedes crashed in a tunnel in Paris on the morning of August 31, 1997That money includes the cost of the legal team which represented the force's commissioner at the inquest, police protection for the inquest jury and paying for the Paget inquiry, reported to have cost £3.6 million.",
"Former Met Police Commissioner Lord Stevens's Paget investigation was launched in 2004 at the request of Michael Burgess, the Royal Coroner, who was then overseeing the future Diana inquest.",
"The former top policeman published his report in December 2006, rejecting the murder claims voiced by some, including Dodi's father Mohamed al Fayed.",
"Lord Stevens's investigation found that Diana was not murdered by British spies nor by the Duke of Edinburgh and she was not pregnant nor engaged to boyfriend Dodi.",
"Operation Paget concluded, just like the French investigation in 1999, that driver Henri Paul was drunk and driving at excessive speed.",
"The investigation dismissed the endless conspiracy theories sparked by the fatal accident.",
"Mr Paul had an alcohol level of around 1.74 grams per litre at the time of the crash - about twice the British drink-drive limit.",
"The black type S280 Mercedes was being driven through the Pont de l'Alma tunnel in Paris at around 61 to 63mph - twice the speed limit for that section of road.",
"Lord Stevens said allegations that Diana was murdered were 'unfounded' and that he found nothing to justify further inquiries with members of the Royal Family.",
"A spokesman for Mr al Fayed yesterday said he had no comment to make, but said he will be 'interested in seeing the outcome', adding that he trusts the Met will investigate the information 'with vigour'.",
"The Ministry of Defence said tonight it was not commenting on the matter.",
"Police assessing new information into Princess Diana's death Loaded Progress 0:00/0:00The jury in the 2008 inquest concluded its verdict as 'unlawful killing, grossly negligent driving of the following vehicles and of the Mercedes', the Met said Timeline of events leading to the Diana report Princess Diana and Dodi al Fayed wait at the rear service exit of the Ritz Hotel in Paris on August 31, 1997August 31, 1997 - Diana, Dodi and their chauffeur Henri Paul die when their S280 Mercedes crashes in the Pont de l'Alma tunnel in Paris after leaving the Ritz Hotel.",
"Bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones is badly injured but survives.",
"A number of photographers and a press motorcyclist are held for questioning.",
"September 1, 1997 - Analysis of blood samples indicate Paul was drunk.",
"September 2, 1997 - French prosecutors open an official inquiry headed by Judge Herve Stephan.",
"And Dodi's father Mohamed al Fayed files a civil action in Paris and asks for a widening of the inquiry to include possible charges of violation of privacy against Dodi and Diana.",
"September 6, 1997 - Diana's funeral is held at Westminster Abbey, watched by millions around the world.",
"Her son Princes William and Harry walk through the streets behind her coffin.",
"September 17, 1997 - Examination of debris found at the scene of the crash suggests the involvement of a white Fiat Uno.",
"Identity checks are carried out on 40,000 Fiat Uno owners, but it is never found.",
"March 1998 - Mr al Fayed tells investigators he believes the crash was part of a plot to kill Diana by MI6July 1999 - A French appeals court rejects a request by Mr al Fayed for further official inquiries into the crash.",
"September 1999 - Judge Herve Stephan’s reports finds that that Diana and Dodi were killed because their chauffeur, Henri Paul, was driving at high speed under the influence of drink and anti-depressant drugs.",
"The photographers and press motorcyclist are formally cleared of manslaughter charges.",
"Mr al Fayed announces he will appeal.",
"July 2000 - Mr al Fayed loses his High Court battle for joint, or concurrent, inquests into the deaths of Diana and Dodi.",
"In July 1999 a French appeals court rejected a request by Mohammed al Fayed for further inquiries into the crash November 2001 - Mr al Fayed loses a £100,000 claim for damages over what he had called a ‘flawed’ part of the inquiry into Diana's death.",
"October 2003 - Three photographers who snapped pictures of Diana and Dodi at the crash scene go on trial in Paris accused of invading the couple's privacy.",
"They are cleared a month later.",
"November 2003 - A privacy violation civil case, brought by Mr Fayed against three of the photographers who were following the Princess's car on the night she died,Lord Stevens released his report after three years of investigation - it concludes the couple and their chauffeur died in a traffic accident in a Paris underpass in August 1997January 6, 2004 – Separate inquests into Diana and Dodi’s deaths are finally opened and adjourned.",
"On the same day, the Daily Mirror publishes a letter from Diana to her butler Paul Burrell 10 months before her death in which she claimed her former husband, the Prince of Wales, was plotting to kill her in a crash.",
"January 7, 2004 - Former royal coroner John Burton, who was present at the princess's autopsy, says she was not pregnant when she died.",
"The Scotland Yard inquiry - codenamed Operation Paget - is stepped up.",
"July 6, 2004 - The Diana memorial fountain opens in Hyde Park.",
"August 2004 - A French court orders a new investigation into the alleged falsification of alcohol and drug tests on Henri Paul, his parents have always rejected the original post-mortem examination's findings.",
"May 2005 - Detectives are said to have quizzed Britain's two most senior spy chiefs John Scarlett, the head of MI6, and Eliza Manningham-Buller, the MI5 director general.",
"July 2005 - The wrecked Mercedes is brought to Britain for forensic examination.. December 2005 - The Prince of Wales is finally questioned by Lord Stevens, signalling that the investigation is drawing to a close.",
"He is said to have been asked if he ever plotted to assassinate the Princess.",
"July 2006 - Royal coroner Michael Burgess quits the inquests, blaming a ‘heavy and constant’ workload.",
"He is later replaced by Britain’s top female judge Lady Butler- Sloss December 2006 - Lord Stevens finally releases his report after three years of investigation – it finds that there was no conspiracy to murder the Princess lover and no cover-up afterwards.",
"Instead it concludes that the couple and their chauffeur Henri Paul died in a simple traffic accident in a Paris underpass in August 1997.",
"Lord Stevens stressed that if the Princess had been wearing a seatbelt she might have survived the crash.",
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"MOST READ NEWSPrevious Next● ● ● ●Comments 1253Share what you think Newest Oldest Best rated Worst rated View all The comments below have been moderated in advance.",
"Bazzer69, Walton on Sea, United Kingdom, 4 years ago Rubbish, Rubbish, Rubbish and yet again RUBBISH.",
"Its that time of the year again to waste police time.20332Click to rate Vana, Rialto, United States, 4 years ago Diana was an idiot and a fool, sniff sniff, the future king of England does not love me, sniff sniff, no way I would have divorced Charles, I would have taken lovers and still be alive!!!",
"!24131Click to rate Ben, Bristol, United Kingdom, 4 years ago Wow.",
"Thousands of conspiracy theorists inhabit this site.",
"Whoever would have thought it?15727Click to ratejane, Brighton, 4 years agothis was never an accident in fact I remember writing to Mr Al Fayed expressing these thoughts and sending him luck in his conquest to prove it,I know he didn't win and now I don't think we will ever fully find out what really happened ,: (31187Click to rate Chan chan, London, United Kingdom, 4 years ago Christ almighty, just stop it.",
"She died in a car crash, in a car being driven by a drunk at high speed.",
"She wasn't wearing a seat belt.",
"She died, end of.21434Click to ratearthuc01, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 4 years ago If this is still a country of laws then this be investigated properly without fear or favour.",
"We shall now see what willhappen now.19135Click to rate Pasty, Port Hope, 4 years ago Conspiracy theories will always surround her death.",
"Same story, different decade.12138Click to rate Notorious-human, Earth, United Kingdom, 4 years ago PPL wake up and do your research!10110Click to rate Chris, Sidmouth, 4 years ago So if the information is false then the source of that information is obviously a fantasist.",
"How does that leave his evidence against a fellow SAS soldier?",
"Of course they have to treat it seriously.",
"Leaves the authorities between a rock and a hard place.1086Click to rate Reinventt, Leigh, United Kingdom, 4 years ago Let the poor woman rest in peace.8946Click to rate View all The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of Mail Online.",
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"Posing up!",
"Malin Akerman makes a bold statement in a bright blue dress as she stops by Sirius XM in New York She stars alongside The Rock in the sci-fi flick, Rampage Model Elsa Hosk gets motors running at Ferrari shoot in Malibu... before dazzling on the D&G runway at the Met in the New York Swedish stuuner is 29'They are doing great': Kylie Jenner and Travis Scott have been brought 'closer together' by baby daughter Stormi Got pregnant quickly Tia Mowry reveals 'it was hard for me to get pregnant' as she expects baby girl Has second child on way with husband Cory Hardrict James Stunt's 'girlfriend' Samantha Rowley flaunts her ample assets in skimpy string bikini as she soaks up the sun in Miami Cardi B's sister Hennessy appears to accidentally reveal sex of rapper's baby in gushing Instagram post Admitted she was pregnant on SNLKarlie Kloss looks fab in plaid as she delivers talk on getting more young women into the tech world during visit to London Stunning supermodel Janice Dickinson gets styled by Nikki Lund as model is expected to appear in court for Bill Cosby's retrial She accused TV star of sexual harassment Back with a bang!",
"Ivanka Trump heads to work in a bold form-fitting red dress after vacation with Jared Kushner's family in Wyoming Conor Mc Gregor breaks his silence with cryptic Instagram post featuring photo of himself and a PRAYING emoji...after explosive incident in NYCKhloe Kardashian says she was NOT close to Kim and Kourtney as a kid because she looked 'different' Mom-to-be opened up about her sisters Dazzling Reese Witherspoon, 42, looks ever youthful in spring dress... after wearing a 'fantastic' shirt while leaving a workout in Los Angeles Gina Rodriguez laughs on New York City set of her new Netflix rom-com as she goes for the layered look She is producing her new comedy HBO's president of programming says Big Little Lies stars 'earned' their massive raises - after another exec said the network was 'raped' by show's new budget Kim Kardashian reveals she's 'living hardcore in the gym' after upset star received fan backlash over THOSE 'unflattering' bikini pictures Kylie Jenner poses in new green lipstick which some fans have said looks like Stormi's 'baby poop' The green/brown has attracted comments Teaming up!",
"Fleetwood Mac fires guitarist Lindsey Buckingham... and enlists Mike Campbell and Neil Finn for tour Back together Mariah Carey pokes fun at herself with a hilarious meme, sharing a VERY unflattering throwback snap alongside airbrushed album artwork Jennifer Lopez flashes cleavage in Vegas... after beau Alex Rodriguez gushes about their romance The 48-year-old star posted a closeup Luann de Lesseps beams in LA... after claiming she was groped by Russell Simmons in 2015 She has had a turbulent few months Ariana Grande is a kid again as she wears Minnie Mouse ears on Disneyland trip with pals Singer, 24, was spotted enjoying a day at Disney Amy Schumer and husband Chris Fischer take hand-in-hand stroll before comedy actress has poker game with her father Tied the knot February Kim Kardashian shows off her tiny waist and shapely curves as she paddleboards in a bikini Reality star posted a video clip from vacation Tyra Banks flaunts her legs in flirty cut-out LBD as she leaves The View in New York The 44-year-old TV personality looked flawless Lily James and Jessica Brown Findlay enjoy a Downton Abbey reunion at The Guernsey Literary & Potato Peel Pie Society world premiere Amal Clooney cuts a chic figure in LBD and cream coat as she steps out in New York City Another busy day for mom of two and human rights lawyer Jennifer Lawrence is in great spirits as she's pictured on a date with a hunky pal in New York City Hunger Games hottie, 27, looked very happy Vivica A.",
"Fox's Sharknado 6 castmates Tara Reid, Ian Ziering, and Cassie Scerbo attend her book bash She defied her 53 years Scott Disick, 34, is stony-faced as he is stopped by police while driving with girlfriend Sofia Richie, 19, in Los Angeles after doing an 'illegal turn''No airbrushing, no problem!'",
"Plus-size model Iskra Lawrence confidently flaunts her booty and 'thick thighs' in bikini shots Displayed her curves'I was shedding skin': Former Vogue editor Alexandra Shulman says that stepping down from her post made her look like a '190-year-old woman'Samuel L Jackson says Hollywood still has a long way to go dealing with racial equality... despite Black Panther's staggering success Setting box office records Sex pest Josh Duggar joins his family on visit to Chip and Joanna Gaines' Magnolia compound in Waco Joined by Michelle, Deanna, Mary and Josh Model royal!",
"Lady Amelia Windsor, 22, sparkles in an elegant jewel-studded corset - and flashes a hint of thigh - as she attends D&G show in New York Gabrielle Union praises 'one of my favorite co-stars' Jessica Alba on Today Pai are appearing n a TV pilot spun off from the Bad Boys films Emily Blunt drinks 'disgusting' oil of oregano to cure her colds... despite the fact it 'burns your throat' Actress has VERY interesting remedy Mom-to-be Cardi B admits she didn't trust fiancé Offset until he proposed... and reveals his friends once 'called her a DOG' Expecting first child Paula Patton is totally transformed as she unveils new blonde hair while shopping for groceries in Malibu Robin Thicke's ex looked VERY different Kathleen Turner is still called 'dad' by Matthew Perry... after Friends guest stint when she played his father Charles Pair have stuck to joke Kris Jenner says daughter Khloe Kardashian is 'scared' about having her baby... as reality star preps for imminent birth First tot for reality star Caitlyn Jenner, 68, dons denim shorts for dinner with constant companion Sophia Hutchins, 22, in Los Angeles Close since last June Bryce Dallas Howard admits she has been 'scared off' asking for better pay... as she feared being replaced The 27-year-old actress opened up to Redbook American Pie singer Don Mc Lean's MUCH younger girlfriend Paris Dylan, 24, flaunts her cleavage in playful lingerie He is 73 this year Amy Adams goes glam-free in Los Angeles as she totes takeaway snack and green drink Cut casual figure as she grabbed takeout snack Khloe Kardashian reveals she is due ANY MINUTE as she shares kissing photo with Tristan She has been staying with him in Cleveland Just like mom!",
"Catherine Zeta-Jones, 48, and look-alike daughter make elegant pair at the Dolce & Gabbana Alta Moda event Kate and Wills WON'T know if they are having a boy or a girl until the baby is delivered as countdown begins with parking suspended outside hospital Ariana Grande to release her first new music since the Manchester Arena terror attack in England last year Singer, 24, back in fold A VERY racy royal girlfriend!",
"Son of Norway's Crown Princess Mette Marit is dating a former Playboy model known for her bikini snaps Cardi B covers up her bump in an elaborate denim jacket as pregnant rapper heads out after big reveal She confirmed her pregnancy this weekend'Overwhelmed by him': Actress Teresa Palmer gushes about one-year-old son Forest as the adorable pair cheekily poke their tongues at each other Amy Schumer takes on her dad Gordon in a game of poker as she visits his assisted living facility in Beverly Hills He suffers from multiple sclerosis.",
"Carrie Underwood to perform LIVE for first time in FIVE MONTHS... as she's recovered from accident Blonde beauty is set to make a big comeback Vacation mode!",
"America's Got Talent judge Heidi Klum, 44, goes topless as she puts on a sexy display with younger beau Tom Kaulitz, 28, in Mexico Stunning Anna Lynne Mc Cord shows off her lean legs as she poses in glamorous lace gown for VERY glmaorous photo shoot Actress looked amazing Angry animal lover Ricky Gervais shares shocking video of cruel Chinese meat trade featuring a man slaughtering tied-up dog with cleaver Celebs DO love to get dolled-up!",
"Talented artist creates tiny replicas of A-list stars including Jennifer Lawrence and Natalie Portman using acrylics, and dry pastels Real Housewives of Atlanta star Kenya Moore, 47, and husband Marc Daly are expecting their first child together Reality star married restaurant owner in 2017Is that really you, Mariah?",
"New ad campaign shows diva throwing a tantrum after an assistant booked her into a $40-a-night hostel in Barcelona Chloe Moretz breaks silence on Brooklyn Beckham kiss: Actress listens to Cardi B's new 'cheating' track after ex was seen kissing model Lexi Wood Who is Neri Oxman?",
"The MIT professor that stole Brad Pitt's heart after Angelina Jolie split The matinee idol is said to be dating the academic Harry and Meghan reveal passion for women's rights and the environment as they name charities people can donate to instead of giving wedding gifts Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie have a mini Simple Life reunion...11 years after the show ended Hugely popular show ran for four years Wild thing!",
"Princess Marie of Denmark, 42, steps out in a leopard print skirt with a snakeskin bag as she visits a school in Copenhagen Meghan's got talent!",
"Harry's wife-to-be shows off star quality as she sings and dances at her school graduation in front of proud parents aged just 11Advertisement DON'T MISSEd Westwick steps out with girlfriend Jessica Serfaty in LA... as fashion stylist accusing him of sexual abuse files official complaint to the LAPD'Holy s**t, your ex is going to be a princess!'",
"RHONY's Bethenny Frankel reveals she dated Meghan Markle's ex-husband Trevor Engelson Has Meghan asked ex Burberry chief to make her wedding dress?",
"Designer Henry Holland reveals why he believes Christopher Bailey may have landed the job Back on top!",
"Ronda Rousey wins her debut WWE match as the crowd cheered 'This is awesome!'",
"a year after her disappointing UFC comeback Shine actor Geoffrey Rush 'virtually housebound, barely eats, struggles to sleep and wakes up with a sense of dread' over sex abuse allegations Party time!",
"Ali Fedotowsky throws beach baby shower with pals including Kaley Cuoco She won hearts as The Bachelorette Drake parties with bevy of girls as he enjoys raucous night out in London... after surprising fans with new single Enjoying himself in UKConor Mc Gregor's father shows he is standing by his shamed UFC fighter after he attacked rival fighters' bus with Instagram post about 'DNA'Kris Jenner, 62, flashes her legs in chic mini dress alongside beau Corey Gamble, 33, at Daily Front Row Awards Date night for the duo The morning after the night before!",
"Princess Di's niece Lady Kitty Spencer gets caught in the rain in Gucci loafers following appearance at a NYC fashion show Introducing Princess Alice?",
"Oddsmakers reveal most popular name for Kate and Wills' baby (and it's closely followed by PHILIP in a nod to Queen's hubby)Ryan Seacrest shows he's a man of many talents as he impressively sings Hello with Lionel Richie on American Idol The pair did a little duet Chewbacca gets into a passionate embrace and his age is FINALLY revealed in new trailer for Solo: A Star Wars Story Eagerly awaited movie Victoria and Albert in color: Incredible archive of thousands of never-before seen digitized photographs give a glimpse into life in the Royal household Pregnant Chrissy Teigen shows off her bump in plunging white form-fitting dress as she joins husband John Legend at Daily Front Row Awards Kelly Osbourne beams as she puts on affectionate display with mystery man in Malibu Carrying a black jacket and her beloved Pomeranian dog, Polly Queen Letizia of Spain beams as she attends an awards ceremony in Madrid - after putting on a united front with her mom-in-law following taped 'tense' exchange You Keep Me Hangin' On singer Kim Wilde, 57, wows fans with her 'amazing' ageless appearance on TV... as she claims she has had NO plastic surgery'We've never had a fight': Bernie Taupin reveals secrets to his 50-year partnership with Elton John, and how he has to write their songs in complete seclusion Bella Hadid shows off her supermodel figure in skimpy checked dress as she makes animated appearance at TAG bash in Tokyo Enviably slender frame Revealed: The Queen's perfumer has created a bespoke fragrance for Meghan to wear on her wedding day - and it's a citrus scent inspired by the Mediterranean Brooke Burke beams as she steps out with kids after David Charvet split The pair annouced they are divorcing after seven years Matt Damon is given an Australian tour by new BFF Chris Hemsworth as the two spend time with their families at a school sports day in Byron Bay, Australia PICTURE EXCLUSIVE: Janice Dickinson jets in to Pennsylvania to give evidence at Bill Cosby's retrial after claiming she was raped by the comic Getting 24/7 security Catching up!",
"Kourtney Kardashian has dinner with her kids and Kendall Jenner in Malibu after her island getaway with boytoy Younes Stormy Daniels' lawyer says he'll release composite sketch of the man who 'threatened' her and offer a reward to identify him TOMORROWIt's still the word!",
"As Grease turns 40 years old, FEMAIL catches up on the lives and careers of the hit musical's biggest stars They have changed a lot Showdown time!Things get heated on Real Housewives Of Atlanta Reunion as Ne Ne Leakes says she's 'ready for the battle' with Kim Zolciak Blac Chyna 'is confident' her Magic Mountain brawl will not affect joint custody agreement with Rob Kardashian over daughter Dream How THOR-tful!",
"Chris Hemsworth treats parents to a night at the Commonwealth Games in Sydney as they watch track events from grandstands Amelia Hamlin rocks chic blazer dress as she joins mother Lisa Rinna and sister Delilah at Daily Front Row Awards after revealing anorexia battle Beach babe!",
"Blanca Blanco sprints on the sand while showing fit physique in tiny pink striped bikini in Malibu The 37-year-old actress hit the beach Boy George admits he accidentally watched How To Get Away With Murder instead of Scandal... and got through two SEASONS before he realized Pretty in pink!",
"Hilaria Baldwin showcases baby bump with Alec on red carpet at Mean Girls Broadway opening night She's pregnant with the couple's third boy Katy Perry squirms on American Idol after her religious parents call her 'mouthy' as top 24 begin performing They embarrassed their superstar daughter Paris Hilton, Emily Ratajkowski and pregnant Chrissy Teigen take the plunge as they lead the A-list glamour at the Daily Front Row Fashion Awards A busty display!",
"Sean 'Diddy' Combs shows off girlfriend Cassie's voluptuous curves in white bikini on Instagram Enjoying their vacation Jersey Shore's Pauly D keen to join forces with stars from the UK's Geordie Shore for wild new show... but fears 'someone will end up DYING'Hiding out?",
"Donald Trump Jr dons camouflage and poses on cliff's edge during trip in Spain after wife Vanessa filed for divorce in ugly split'She's allowing Harry to take the lead': Body language expert reveals Meghan's 'deference' for Prince (compared to her 'lack of warmth' for her first husband)Making a splash!",
"Kourtney Kardashian drops jaws in tiny bikini during fun-filled getaway to Turks and Caicos Star looked amazing Sofia Vergara cuddles up to hubby Joe Manganiello in weekend getaway snaps she shares to Instagram The couple tied the knot in 2015Back to business!",
"Princess Mary of Denmark dazzles crowds at a finance conference in Copenhagen following a family break in Verbier Ripped!",
"Justin Bieber strips down for a dip in Malibu swimming hole... after earlier run in with crazed fan The popstar went for a refreshing dip Brooklyn Beckham is engrossed in his phone after being pictured with new girlfriend... as he joins dad David and brothers at LA Galaxy game Watch out Willy Wonka!",
"Gwyneth Paltrow gives son Moses the sweetest 12th birthday party ever at sugar pop-up Candytopia in LA'She's had a really rough time': Friends fear for 'heartbroken' Ruby Rose after her split with singer Jessica Origliasso OITNB star was rocked Paris Jackson nails rocker chic in a khaki green cami dress and matching bomber jacket at Daily Front Row Awards Michael Jackson's girl Charlize Theron puts on a very leggy display in sexy leather shorts and killer heels as she's feted at San Francisco Film Festival Red carpet appearance Jimmy Kimmel reveals death threats he has received against his wife and young son after Sean Hannity feud as he apologizes to the gay community Puckering up!",
"Heidi Klum, 44, kisses new boyfriend Tom Kaulitz, 28, as they arrive in Mexico for romantic vacation Putting on the PDAThe Late Late Show's James Corden and wife Julia enjoy romantic beach stroll as they vacation in Cabo with Molly Sims and Rachel Zoe Trump's sons spent '$73,000 of TAXPAYERS money' on their trip to Dubai to attend lavish wedding of their billionaire business partner's daughter Black Panther surpasses Titanic to enter top three of all-time grossing films at domestic box office The Disney-Marvel motion picture Nicole Scherzinger is hippie chic in a tie-dye maxi as she steps out in West Hollywood after being axed from the X Factor UK Singer, 39, looked happy'Her dad, the billionaire, seems like a great guy': Jeremy Meeks' murdering rapist father says he's 'looking forward' to meeting Chloe and Philip Green'I have no idea!'",
"Blake Lively admits fears she's 'not equipped' for motherhood as she and husband Ryan Reynolds act to protect their young daughters Prince Charles dons a traditional feather headband for an Aboriginal welcome ceremony before enjoying a spiritual blessing Naomie Harris exudes elegance in a patterned ballgown as she joins co-star Dwayne Johnson at Rampage photocall in Shanghai Moonlight actress Couple goals!",
"Blake Lively hilariously trolls Ryan Reynolds as she compliments HERSELF instead of husband She took to Instagram Sunday Nicole Richie is stylish in purple gown embellished with silver flowers at awards show in LA The 36-year-old flashed a little cleavage Khloe Kardashian's ex-boyfriend French Montana launches a menswear line for Boohoo MAN inspired by his Moroccan heritage Includes tropical prints SPOILER The Walking Dead: Negan fights right-hand man Simon and vows to kill 'every last one' of Rick's crew Sunday's episode of the show Dakota Fanning glitters in embellished pink frock at Dolce & Gabbana Alta Moda event in NYC At the Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center Doting dad!",
"Josh Duhamel holds hands with four-year-old son Axl... amid rumors he's dating actress Eiza Gonzalez Transformers actor George Clooney accepts a gift from homeless man turned actor Radioman in New York City He was stood outside star's residence Adrien Brody, 44, and model girlfriend Lara Lieto, 24, share passionate kiss during errand run The couple looked very much in love Diane Kruger showcases ample bosom in off-the-shoulder patterned blouse at D&G event in NYC The actress is 41She's a material girl!",
"Madonna, 59, puts on a busty display in black lace corset as she poses for sultry snap in Lisbon Took to Instagram Prolific voice actor and comedian Chuck Mc Cann who recorded the famous line 'I'm cuckoo for Cocoa Puffs!'",
"dies aged 83 Very familiar TV face Still causing trouble!",
"Guest reveals Conor Mc Gregor was 'being rowdy' at Manhattan hotel just hours after getting released from jail Rita Ora showcases her off-duty style in bold panelled joggers and a sporty bumbag during low-key stroll in New York Hot Right Now hitmaker Baywatch babe!",
"Charlotte Mc Kinney shows off her endless legs in retro mini dress at Daily Front Row Awards Donned tiny dress Alex Rodriguez Face Times Jennifer Lopez during Ellen show as De Generes quizzes pair on how they met Ex-MLB star opened up Kylie Jenner's daughter Stormi is lavished with love as she meets her father Travis Scott's family Rapper took Stormi to meet his relatives A beaming Erica Packer enjoys a day on the water with friends in Sydney as ex-husband James continues treatment for mental health issues Full of Glee!",
"Lea Michele and Zandy Reich share a quick kiss at lunch before heading off on a hike with her father The duo puckered up for all to see Slam dunk!",
"Eddie Murphy and girlfriend Paige Butcher stroll hand-in-hand into afternoon basketball game Seen in LA'My perverted chihuahua has a thing for my underwear': Ruby Rose goes on bizarre rant after finding her dirty lingerie scattered across yard Elsa Pataky, 41, flaunts her trim pins in a leather jacket and electric blue boots as she swaps her trademark bohemian style for an edgy look for photo shoot Playing with fire!",
"Kim Kardashian sizzles as she showcases torso in red string bikini during Turks and Caicos trip The 38-year-old shared images and videos Tiger Woods and ex-wife Elin Nordegren are 'friends now' and 'get along really well' 'Closer now than they were when they were married,' an insider says Sure to be a page-turner!",
"Chrissy Metz wears colorful tropical fish-themed dress for book signing in Los Angeles The This Is Us star Vanessa Trump 'filed for divorce from Donald Trump Jr after her family's multi-million dollar windfall' from her late father's investments A family affair!",
"Jennifer Garner and her ex Ben Affleck put on a united front as they take their children to church In Pacific Palisades on Sunday Rumors continue to swirl that Matt Damon is planning a move Down Under where his 'great friend Chris Hemsworth enjoys the quiet life away from Hollywood'Picture perfect!",
"Leonardo Di Caprio shares snap with Dame Jane Goodall and Moby at 'inspiring' LA fundraiser Titanic actor went casual Brooklyn Beckham flashes new pin-up tattoo which looks VERY similar to Playboy model new flame Lexi Wood Seen sharing a kiss Puppy love!",
"Liev Schreiber, 50, and girlfriend Taylor Neisen, 26, dote on pet pooch during bundled up NYC outing Quick trip to the dog park Justin Bieber dodges crazed female fan with gift waiting for him in parking lot after spin class The pop star dodged a determined female fan Camila Cabello bundles up as she heads to Vancouver for the first night of her tour Miami singer's first ever solo tour after leaving Fifth Harmony Mistress of Wendy Williams' husband ducks for cover and runs a red light after being spotted in New York while still wearing a huge diamond ring Top of the crops!",
"Emily Ratajkowski showcases her flawless abs as she strides through LAX in Cup Noodles crop top The newlywed model grabbed a snack Model behavior!",
"Elsa Hosk flaunts her supermodel figure wearing lace crop top and matching skirt for photo shoot The 29-year-old stunner Depressed Elvis killed himself, his ex-wife says: Priscilla, 72, claims he 'knew what he was doing' when he died from drug-related heart attack Kendra Wilkinson reunites with Hank Baskett for kids' soccer game... days after filing for divorce She filed for divorce on Friday'Our next chapter together': Cardi B and Offset go social media official with their baby news after rapper confirms pregnancy Shared their happiness Keeping it casual!",
"Justin Theroux rocks ripped jeans and a green coat as he enjoys a casual Sunday in NYC He has an apartment in the West Village Romee Strijd flashes her trim waist as she poses in yellow plaid pants and fuzzy jacket in NYC She made the sidewalk her runway'He doesn't want to grow old alone': Russell Crowe is 'ready to debut his new relationship with mystery girlfriend' after raking in $3.7M from 'divorce auction'A Quiet Place starring John Krasinski and Emily Blunt tops box office as it debuts with $50million The thriller edged out Ready Player One Khloe Kardashian cradles bump while bouncing on 'birthing ball' as she awaits arrival of baby girl Modeled a red and black Nike sweater Then & wow, FEMAIL unveil the women who look better now than ever: Elizabeth Mc Govern The transformation of Downton Abbey star Retail therapy!",
"Rihanna looks stunning in a quirky floral skirt and jacket as she goes shopping in Italy She hit the Gucci store in Milan on Saturday Olivier Awards 2018: Bryan Cranston declares 'older white men' no longer have 'free reign' as he throws his support behind Time's Up movement How Hamilton hip-hopped to glory: Musical dominates UK's Olivier Awards and wins seven of 13 categories Broadway hit made it across the pobd Olivier Awards 2018: Hamilton is the night's big winner with seven awards... but hit musical fails to beat Harry Potter And The Cursed Child's record He's still got it!",
"Prince Charles mingles with church parishioners over a cup of tea - and two excited fans can't help but photobomb his picture Calamity Charles!",
"Prince, 69, says bits of him 'keep falling off' and here are the details of the future king's huge catalogue of injuries over the years'I'm 21, a Virgo, Cali-Girl, and I have cystic acne': Riverdale star Lili Reinhart gets real about skin issues with post showing her using spot treatment Benedict Cumberbatch and his wife Sophie Hunter enjoy date night at star-studded Avengers: Infinity War fan event Child-free night Gavin Rossdale is forced to halt his performance and keep zealous fans at bay as they storm the stage during Bush concert in Atlantic City Jenna Dewan spotted without her wedding ring as she steps out in LA following Channing Tatum split Slipped into a stylish denim midi dress Serena Williams dances to remixed nursery rhymes and shows off mini-me daughter Alexis Olympia Posted a cute clip Not a bad view!",
"Bella Hadid showcases defined torso and sizzling legs as she poses in her underwear against Tokyo skyline 'Found in translation'Elizabeth Olsen flaunts her braless cleavage in plunging leather dress at star-studded Avengers: Infinity War fan event Hugged her figure Brooklyn Beckham splits with Chloe Moretz: Teen is spotted passionately kissing Playboy model Lexi Wood in West Hollywood tattoo parlor Fun in the sun!",
"Reese Witherspoon dances with son Tennessee on seaside veranda in flirty blue dress Beamed as she stood behind her dancing son Sofia Richie puts on leggy display in frayed jean shorts during outing with boyfriend Scott Disick They have been together since last year'It's still your sibling forever': Jay-Z calls Kanye West his 'brother' after infamous feud... as he insists they are 'beyond friends' Cleared the air Family fun!",
"Kate Mara gives her stepson a piggyback ride during casual shopping trip with husband Jamie Bell Frabbed some items from J.",
"Crew Liv Tyler sports warm coat as she enjoys a stroll through the city with her family in New York Carried her nearly two-year-old daughter Pierce Brosnan, 64, perfects his posture with some driftwood as he goes shirtless on the beach in Hawaii Seemed right at home on the sand Kim Kardashian puts on VERY busty display as she wears jaw-dropping black dress in throwback snap Flaunting her figure Making a splash!",
"Alessandra Ambrosio shows off bikini body in scarlet two-piece on Hawaiian family holiday Managed to turn the beach into a catwalk Beyoncé and Jay Z 'plan to build a compound around their $88million Bel-Air mansion' to improve security Hollywood power couple Olivia Culpo slips into sexy white robe for cleavage baring Instagram shot Recently split from NFL player Danny Amendola after two years Fitness focused!",
"Jennifer Garner is all smiles as she flaunts her figure in leggings after weekend workout Left a weekend workout session with a friend Toy Story 4 official release date CONFIRMED by Pixar as Woody and Buzz return in June 2019 More than 20 years since its first debut Stranger Things couple Charlie Heaton and Natalia Dyer have tense stand-off on night out in LA Engaged in an argument outside of a restaurant Bella Hadid rocks blonde wig and plaid outfit in Japan... before getting frisky with chopsticks She's been enjoying a trip to Japan all week Olivier Awards 2018: Ronnie Wood, 70, and wife Sally, 39, join Brian May and Anita Dobson for glam awards show Star-studded event Cardi B CONFIRMS her pregnancy wearing tight white dress during Saturday Night Live performance Cameras kept angled above her stomach Naomi Watts shares a sweet moment with son Sasha, 10, as they take a sun-drenched stroll on the beach in Mexico Topping up the tan in Tulum Miranda Lambert 'split' from musician boyfriend Anderson East... after two years together The House That Built Me singer dated the musician for two years Kristen Stewart and girlfriend Stella Maxwell leave gym both wearing midriff-baring outfits Stewart matched her Victoria's Secret Angel girlfriend's look Elsa Pataky shares a sultry snap of herself sitting on top of a washing machine... as she visits Gold Coast, Australia with husband Chris Hemswort Real Housewives of New York star Bethenny Frankel flaunts her trim pins in leather hot pants and knee-high Roman sandals as she explores Sydney'It's amazing and challenging at the same time': Dance Moms star, Maddie Ziegler, 15, lifts the lid on life as a dancing sensation Life in the spotlight Mane attraction!",
"Keith Urban flaunts his luscious locks and bulging biceps as he performs at the Tortuga Music Festival in Florida He's still got it!Madison Beer looks casual in a busty white crop top and jeans as she steps out for lunch in Beverly Hills She drove her pal to a local lunch spot Rita Ora looks kooky in a color-pop orange coat with leopard print lapels as she makes a solo outing in New York Made sure she was easily spotted Lily James says she thinks Meghan will be a 'force for good' as she reveals her interest in the royals since boyfriend Matt Smith's role in The Crown'I really love it here': Kelly Rowland reveals why she has chosen Sydney's beachside suburb Bondi as home as she appears on The Voice Australia Good times!",
"Paris Hilton celebrates Paris Jackson's birthday with fiance Chris Zylka and her parents Both are daughters of famous parents Alec Baldwin returns as Donald Trump to explain why he hates Jeff Bezos in SNL cold open and flies off script during 'freestylin' press conference Miley Cyrus shows toned tummy in pirate-inspired ensemble at My Friend's Place gala in Los Angeles Showed peeks of her toned tummy Kate Wright flaunts her busty assets and washboard abs in a striped bikini as she continues to soak up the sun in Dubai with beau Rio Ferdinand What a fight!",
"Thor actor Chris Hemsworth heaps praise on female UFC fighters after brutal Namajunas and Jedrzejczyk match Playful selfie Duke of Edinburgh, 96, spends his fifth day in hospital recovering from hip replacement op as one of the world's leading surgeons is spotted leaving The Queen joins climate change fight to plant trees across the Commonwealth as she chuckles with Sir David Attenborough in documentary Plenty more PRINCES in the sea!",
"With Harry officially off the market we reveal the VERY eligible royal bachelors who are yet to make it down the aisle Today's headlines Most Read'Untethered' Trump shouted angrily about Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein - accusing him of approving... Kellyanne Conway's husband trolls Trump on Twitter with Justice Department rules on attorney-client...'Any evidence of any crime they now find is fair game': Mueller investigation can go after Trump lawyer...'A total witch hunt': Trump tweets blistering early morning attack on his own Justice Department and says... Pro-Trump college graduate poses for a photo with a gun in her waistband and gets deluged with abuse on... FBI warrant to raid Trump attorney Michael Cohen covered 'hush' agreement documents relating to Stormy... Trump's new national security adviser John Bolton flexes muscles on his second day as he forces senior... Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer warns furious Trump not to fire Robert Mueller after FBI agents... Deputy attorney general Rod Rosenstein personally approved FBI raid on Trump's attorney Michael Cohen EXCLUSIVE: Obama aide reveals how the groupie president fawned over celebs, was steamed when a high school...",
"BREAKING NEWS: Trump CANCELS his planned trip to South America this week after raid on his attorney Michael... Trump-appointed U. S. attorney in Manhattan is RECUSED from Russia probe and did not give go-ahead to FBI... Corey Lewandowski arrives alone at Loews Regency Hotel on Tuesday morning - one day after Michael Cohen had... Stormy Daniels' lawyer predicts Trump's attorney Michael Cohen will 'fold like a cheap deck of cards' after... Mark Zuckerberg makes his first ever appearance in the Capitol Hill where lawmakers are preparing to...",
"Check your Facebook account NOW: Site launches a tool to reveal if your private data has been compromised in... Dismembered bodies of endangered animals are being widely sold on Facebook by wildlife traffickers Facebook is accused of helping the Vietnamese government crackdown on dissent by allowing 'state-sponsored...",
"The biggest Black Lives Matter page on Facebook is a FAKE and has raked in more than $100,000 and 'run by a... Supermother, 44, who has SIXTEEN children admits 'there's no normal day in her household' - explaining how... Texas teacher who revealed appalling behavior of students AND parents in viral rant further details abuse...",
"Fitness instructor, 31, who dismembered 24-year-old Texas student 'panicked after she died during kinky sex... Former Silicon Valley star TJ Miller is arrested at La Guardia Airport for 'calling in a fake bomb threat'... How to 'affair-proof' your marriage: Sex expert's tips to stopping your husband or wife from straying - and...",
"Smiling Saudi Crown Prince arrives for his gala dinner at the Elysee Palace shortly after dressed down... Seth Meyers reveals wife Alexi Ashe gave birth to second son in lobby of their apartment building Mother of an autistic five-year-old boy is arrested two days after her husband was charged with 'beating...",
"Desperate father whose wife gave birth three months early on Mexico vacation appeals for help to pay medical...",
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roman-law
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Roman law
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Roman law, the law of ancient Rome from the time of the founding of the city in 753 bce until the fall of the Western Empire in the 5th century ce. It remained in use in the Eastern, or Byzantine, Empire until 1453. As a legal system, Roman law has affected the development of law in most of Western civilization as well as in parts of the East. It forms the basis for the law codes of most countries of continental Europe ( see civil law) and derivative systems elsewhere. The term Roman law today often refers to more than the laws of Roman society. The legal institutions evolved by the Romans had influence on the laws of other peoples in times long after the disappearance of the Roman Empire and in countries that were never subject to Roman rule. To take the most striking example, in a large part of Germany, until the adoption of a common code for the whole empire in 1900, the Roman law was in force as “subsidiary law”; that is, it was applied unless excluded by contrary local provisions. This law, however, which was in force in parts of Europe long after the fall of the Roman Empire, was not the Roman law in its original form. Although its basis was indeed the Corpus Juris Civilis—the codifying legislation of the emperor Justinian I—this legislation had been interpreted, developed, and adapted to later conditions by generations of jurists from the 11th century onward and had received additions from non-Roman sources. Development of the jus civile and jus gentium In the great span of time during which the Roman Republic and Empire existed, there were many phases of legalistic development. During the period of the republic (753–31 bce ), the jus civile (civil law) developed. Based on custom or legislation, it applied exclusively to Roman citizens. By the middle of the 3rd century bce, however, another type of law, jus gentium (law of nations), was developed by the Romans to be applied both to themselves and to foreigners. Jus gentium was not the result of legislation, but was, instead, a development of the magistrates and governors who were responsible for administering justice in cases in which foreigners were involved. The jus gentium became, to a large extent, part of the massive body of law that was applied by magistrates to citizens, as well as to foreigners, as a flexible alternative to jus civile. Roman law, like other ancient systems, originally adopted the principle of personality —that is, that the law of the state applied only to its citizens. Foreigners had no rights and, unless protected by some treaty between their state and Rome, they could be seized like ownerless pieces of property by any Roman. But from early times there were treaties with foreign states guaranteeing mutual protection. Even in cases in which there was no treaty, the increasing commercial interests of Rome forced it to protect, by some form of justice, the foreigners who came within its borders. A magistrate could not simply apply Roman law because that was the privilege of citizens; even had there not been this difficulty, foreigners would probably have objected to the cumbersome formalism that characterized the early jus civile. The law that the magistrates applied probably consisted of three elements: (1) an existing mercantile law that was used by the Mediterranean traders; (2) those institutions of the Roman law that, after being purged of their formalistic elements, could be applied universally to any litigant, Roman or foreigner; and (3) in the last resort, a magistrate’s own sense of what was fair and just. This system of jus gentium was also adopted when Rome began to acquire provinces so that provincial governors could administer justice to the peregrini (foreigners). This word came to mean not so much persons living under another government (of which, with the expansion of Roman power, there came to be fewer and fewer) as Roman subjects who were not citizens. In general, disputes between members of the same subject state were settled by that state’s own courts according to its own law, whereas disputes between provincials of different states or between provincials and Romans were resolved by the governor’s court applying jus gentium. By the 3rd century ce, when citizenship was extended throughout the empire, the practical differences between jus civile and jus gentium ceased to exist. Even before this, when a Roman lawyer said that a contract of sale was juris gentium, he meant that it was formed in the same way and had the same legal results whether the parties to it were citizens or not. This became the practical meaning of jus gentium. Because of the universality of its application, however, the idea was also linked with the theoretical notion that it was the law common to all peoples and was dictated by nature—an idea that the Romans took from Greek philosophy. Written and unwritten law The Romans divided their law into jus scriptum (written law) and jus non scriptum (unwritten law). By “unwritten law” they meant custom; by “written law” they meant not only the laws derived from legislation but, literally, laws based on any written source. There were various types of written law, the first of which consisted of leges (singular lex ), or enactments of one of the assemblies of the whole Roman people. Although the wealthier classes, or patricians, dominated these assemblies, the common people, or plebeians, had their own council in which they enacted resolutions called plebiscita. Only after the passage of the Lex Hortensia in 287 bce, however, did plebiscita become binding on all classes of citizens; thereafter, plebiscita were generally termed leges along with other enactments. In general, legislation was a source of law only during the republic. When Augustus Caesar established the empire in 31 bce, the assemblies did not at once cease to function, but their assent to any proposal became merely a formal ratification of the emperor’s wishes. The last known lex was passed during the reign of Nerva (96–98 ce ). Caesar Augustus, marble statue, c. 20 bce; in the Vatican Museums, Vatican City. Photos.com/Jupiterimages The earliest and most important legislation, or body of leges, was the Twelve Tables, enacted in 451–450 bce during the struggle of the plebeians for political equality. It represented an effort to obtain a written and public code that patrician magistrates could not alter at will against plebeian litigants. Little is known of the actual content of the Twelve Tables; the text of the code has not survived, and only a few fragments are extant, collected from allusions and quotations in the works of authors such as Cicero. From the fragments it is apparent that numerous matters were treated, among them family law, delict (tort, or offense against the law), and legal procedure. A second type of written law consisted of the edicta (edicts), or proclamations issued by a superior magistrate ( praetor) on judicial matters. The office of praetor was created in 367 bce to take over the expanding legal work involving citizens; later, a separate praetor was created to deal with foreigners. Upon taking office, a praetor issued an edict that was, in effect, the program for his year in office. The curule aediles, who were the magistrates responsible for the care and supervision of the markets, also issued edicts. During the later stages of the republic, these praetorian and magisterial edicts became an instrument of legal reform, and leges ceased to be a major source of private law. The Roman system of procedure gave the magistrate great powers for providing or refusing judicial remedies, as well as for determining the form that such remedies should take. The result of this magisterial system was the development of the jus honorarium, a new body of rules that existed alongside, and often superseded, the civil law. The edicta remained a source of law until about 131 ce, when the emperor Hadrian commissioned their reorganization and consolidation and declared the resulting set of laws to be unalterable, except by the emperor himself. White marble statue of the Roman emperor Hadrian, from an excavation at Sagalassos in southwest Turkey. Marc Waelkens/Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project A third type of written law was the senatus consulta, or resolutions of the Roman senate. Although these suggestions to various magistrates had no legislative force during the republic, they could be given force by the magistrates’ edicts. In the early empire, as the power of the assemblies declined and the position of the emperor increased, senatus consulta became resolutions that endorsed the proposals of the emperor. As the approval of the Senate became increasingly automatic, the emperor’s proposals became the true instrument of power. Consequently, emperors ceased referring proposals to the Senate and, not long after the early imperial period, ended the practice of legislating through the Senate. A fourth type of written law consisted of the constitutiones principum, which were, in effect, expressions of the legislative power of the emperor. By the middle of the 2nd century ce, the emperor was, essentially, the sole creator of the law. The chief forms of imperial legislation were edicts or proclamations; instructions to subordinates, especially provincial governors; written answers to officials or others who consulted the emperor; and decisions of the emperor sitting as a judge. The last type of written law was the responsa prudentium, or answers to legal questions given by learned lawyers to those who consulted them. Although law, written and unwritten, was originally a rather secretive monopoly of the college of pontiffs, or priests, a recognizable class of legal advisers, juris consulti or prudentes, had developed by the early 3rd century bce. These legal advisers were not professionals as such but men of rank who sought popularity and advancement in their public careers by giving free legal advice. They interpreted statutes and points of law, especially unwritten law, advised the praetor on the content of his edict, and assisted parties and judges in litigation. Augustus empowered certain jurists to give responsa with the emperor’s authority; this increased their prestige, but the practice lapsed as early as 200 ce. During the early empire, numerous commentaries were written by the great jurists on individual leges, on civil law, on the edict, and on law as a whole. In the 5th century a law was passed stipulating that only the works of certain jurists could be cited. Legal scholarship declined in the postclassical period. The law of Justinian When the Byzantine emperor Justinian I assumed rule in 527 ce, he found the law of the Roman Empire in a state of great confusion. It consisted of two masses that were usually distinguished as old law and new law. Virgin Mary (centre), Justinian I (left), holding a model of Hagia Sophia, and Constantine I (right), holding a model of the city of Constantinople, detail of a mosaic from Hagia Sophia, 9th century. Dumbarton Oaks/Trustees for Harvard University, Washington, D. C. The old law comprised (1) all of the statutes passed under the republic and early empire that had not become obsolete; (2) the decrees of the Senate passed at the end of the republic and during the first two centuries of the empire; and (3) the writings of jurists and, more particularly, of those jurists to whom the emperors had given the right of declaring the law with their authority. These jurists, in their commentaries, had incorporated practically all that was of importance. Of these numerous records and writings of old law, many had become scarce or had been lost altogether, and some were of doubtful authenticity. The entire mass of work was so costly to produce that even the public libraries did not contain complete collections. Moreover, these writings contained many inconsistencies. The new law, which consisted of the ordinances of the emperors promulgated during the middle and later stages of the empire, was in a similarly disorganized condition. These ordinances or constitutions were extremely numerous and contradictory. Because no complete collection existed (earlier codices were not comprehensive), other ordinances had to be obtained separately. It was thus necessary to collect into a reasonable corpus as much of the law, both new and old, as was regarded as binding and to purge its contradictions and inconsistencies. Immediately after his accession, Justinian appointed a commission to deal with the imperial constitutions. The 10 commissioners went through all of the constitutions of which copies existed, selected those that had practical value, cut all unnecessary matter, eliminated contradictions by omitting one or the other of the conflicting passages, and adapted all the provisions to the circumstances of Justinian’s own time. The resulting Codex Constitutionum was formally promulgated in 529, and all imperial ordinances not included in it were repealed. This Codex has been lost, but a revised edition of 534 exists as part of the so-called Corpus Juris Civilis. The success of this first experiment encouraged the emperor to attempt the more difficult enterprise of simplifying and digesting the writings of the jurists. Thus, beginning in 530, a new commission of 16 eminent lawyers set about this task of compiling, clarifying, simplifying, and ordering; the results were published in 533 in 50 books that became known as the Digest (Digesta) or Pandects (Pandectae). After enacting the Digest as a lawbook, Justinian repealed all of the other law contained in the treatises of the jurists and directed that those treatises should never be cited in the future, even by way of illustration; at the same time, he abrogated all of the statutes that had formed a part of the old law. An outline of the elements of Roman law called the Institutes of Justinian (or simply Institutiones) was published at about the same time. Between 534 and his death in 565, Justinian himself issued a great number of ordinances that dealt with many subjects and seriously altered the law on many points. These ordinances are called, by way of distinction, new constitutions (Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem); in English they are referred to as the Novels. All of these books—the revised Codex Constitutionum (the original work was revised four and a half years later), the Digest, the Institutes, and the Novels—are collectively known as the Corpus Juris Civilis. This Corpus Juris of Justinian, with a few additions from the ordinances of succeeding emperors, continued to be the chief lawbook in what remained of the Roman world. In the 9th century a new system known as the Basilica was prepared by the emperor Leo VI the Wise. It was written in Greek and consisted of parts of the Codex and parts of the Digest, joined and often altered in expression, together with some material from the Novels and imperial ordinances subsequent to those of Justinian. In the western provinces, the law as settled by Justinian held its ground. Categories of Roman law The law of persons“The main distinction in the law of persons,” said the 2nd-century jurist Gaius, “is that all men are either free or slaves.” The slave was, in principle, a human chattel who could be owned and dealt with like any other piece of property. As such, he was not only at the mercy of his owner but rightless and (apart from criminal law) dutiless. Even though the slave was in law a thing, he was in fact a man, and this modified the principle. A slave could not be a party to a contract nor own property, but he could be given a de facto patrimony, which could be retained if he were freed; if he made a “commitment,” it could ultimately be enforced against his master. A manumitted slave became, in most instances, not only free but also a citizen. The definition of citizenship was important for the purposes of private law because certain parts applied only to citizens ( jus civile ). Noncitizens could be either Latini, inhabitants of Roman settlements that had the rights of members of the original Latin League, or peregrini, who were members of foreign communities or of those territories governed but not absorbed by Rome. The great extension of the citizenship by the emperor Caracalla in 212 ce reduced the importance of this part of the law. Family The chief characteristic of the Roman family was the patria potestas (paternal power in the form of absolute authority), which the elder father exercised over his children and over his more remote descendants in the male line, whatever their age might be, as well as over those who were brought into the family by adoption—a common practice at Rome. Originally this meant not only that he had control over his children, even to the right of inflicting capital punishment, but that he alone had any rights in private law. Thus, any acquisitions made by a child under potestas became the property of the father. The father might indeed allow a child (as he might a slave) certain property to treat as his own, but in the eye of the law it continued to belong to the father. By the 1st century ce there were already modifications of the system: the father’s power of life and death had shrunk to that of light chastisement, and the son could bind his father by contract with a third party within the same strict limits that applied to slaves and their masters. Sons also could keep as their own what they earned as soldiers and even make wills of it. In Justinian’s day, the position regarding property had changed considerably. What the father gave to the son still remained, in law, the father’s property, but the rules concerning the son’s own earnings had been extended to many sorts of professional earnings; and in other acquisitions (such as property inherited from the mother), the father’s rights were reduced to a life interest ( usufruct ). Normally, patria potestas ceased only with the death of the father; but the father might voluntarily free the child by emancipation, and a daughter ceased to be under her father’s potestas if she came under the manus of her husband. There were two types of marriage known to the law, one with manus and one without, but the manus type of marriage was rare even in the late republic and had disappeared long before Justinian’s day. Manus was the autocratic power of the husband over the wife, corresponding to patria potestas over the sons. Marriage without manus was by far the more common in all properly attested periods. It was formed (provided the parties were above the age of puberty and, if under potestas, had their father’s consent) simply by beginning conjugal life with the intention of being married, normally evidenced by the bringing of the bride to the bridegroom’s house. The wife remained under her father’s potestas if he were still alive; if he were dead, she continued (as long as guardianship of women continued) to have the same guardian as before marriage. Both spouses had to be citizens, or if one was not, he or she must have conubium (the right, sometimes given to non-Romans, of contracting a Roman marriage). In marriage without manus, the property of the spouses remained distinct, and even gifts between husband and wife were invalid. Divorce was permitted to the husband in early Rome only on specific grounds. Later, divorce was always possible at the instance of the husband in cases of marriage with manus; in marriage without manus, either party was free to put an end to the relationship. A formal letter was usually given to the spouse, but any manifestation of intention to end the relationship—made clear to the other party and accompanied by actual parting—was all that was legally necessary. The Christian emperors imposed penalties on those who divorced without good reason, including prohibitions on remarriage, but the power of the parties to end the marriage by their own act was not taken away. Concubinage was recognized in the empire as a “marriage” without a dowry, with a lower status for the woman, and with provisions that the children were not legally the father’s heirs. A man could not have both a wife and a concubine. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine first enacted a law enabling the children of such unions to be legitimated by the subsequent marriage of their parents. Medieval civil law extended this rule to all illegitimate children. Persons under the age of puberty (14 for males, 12 for females) needed tutores if they were not under patria potestas. Such tutors could be appointed under the will of the father or male head of the household. Failing such an appointment, the guardianship went to certain prescribed relatives; if there were no qualified relations, the magistrates appointed a tutor. Originally, children were considered adults at the age of puberty; but, after a long development, it became usual for those between the ages of puberty and 25 to have guardians who were always magisterially appointed. Originally, all women not under patria potestas or manus also needed tutores, appointed in the same way as those for children. By the early empire, this provision was little more than a burdensome technicality, and it disappeared from Justinian’s law. Corporations The Romans did not develop a generalized concept of juristic personality in the sense of an entity that had rights and duties. They had no terms for a corporation or a legal person. But they did endow certain aggregations of persons with particular powers and capacities, and the underlying legal notion hovered between corporate powers, as understood in modern law, and powers enjoyed collectively by a group of individuals. The source of such collective powers, however, was always an act of state. Four types of corporation were distinguished:1. Municipia (the citizen body, originally composed of the conquered cities and later of other local communities) possessed a corporateness that was recognized in such matters as having the power to acquire things and to contract. In imperial times, they were accorded the power to manumit slaves, take legacies, and finally—though this became general only in postclassical law—to be instituted as an heir.2. The populus Romanus, or the “people of Rome,” collectively could acquire property, make contracts, and be appointed heir. Public property included the property of the treasury.3. Collegia —numerous private associations with specialized functions, such as craft or trade guilds, burial societies, and societies dedicated to special religious worship—seem to have carried on their affairs and to have held property corporately in republican times. The emperors, viewing the collegia with some suspicion, enacted from the beginning that no collegium could be founded without state authority and that their rights of manumitting slaves and taking legacies be closely regulated.4. Charitable funds became a concern of postclassical law. Property might be donated or willed—normally, but not necessarily, to a church—for some charitable use, and the church would then (or so it appears from the evidence) have the duty of supervising the fund. Imperial legislation controlled the disposition of such funds so that they could not be used illegally. In such cases ownership is thought to have been temporarily vested in the administrators. The law of propertyand possession In Roman law (today as well as in Roman times), both land and movable property could be owned absolutely by individuals. This conception of absolute ownership ( dominium) is characteristically Roman, as opposed to the relative idea of ownership as the better right to possession that underlies the Germanic systems and English law. Mancipatio, or formal transfer of property, involved a ceremonial conveyance needing for its accomplishment the presence of the transferor and transferee, five witnesses (adult male Roman citizens), a pair of scales, a man to hold them, and an ingot of copper or bronze. The transferee grasped the object being transferred and said, “I assert that this thing is mine by Quiritarian [Roman] law; and let it have been bought by me with this piece of copper and these copper scales.” He then struck the scales with the ingot, which he handed to the transferor “by way of price.”In jure cessio was a conveyance in the form of a lawsuit. The transferee claimed before the magistrate that the thing was his, and the transferor, who was the defendant, admitted the claim. The magistrate then adjudged the thing to the transferee. (The sham-lawsuit theory, however, is not acceptable to all modern scholars, principally because the judgment of ownership was valid against any possible private claimant, not merely against the defendant, as in a true lawsuit. )Usucapio referred to ownership acquired by length of possession. In early Roman law, two years of continuous possession established title in the case of land, one year in the case of movables. In the developed law, possession must have begun justifiably in good faith, and the thing must not have been stolen (even though the possessor himself may have been innocent of the theft) or acquired by violence. In terms of occupatio, ownerless things that were susceptible to private ownership (excluding such things as temples) became the property of the first person to take possession of them. This applied to things such as wild animals and islands arising in the sea. In some views, it also applied to abandoned articles. Accessio worked in this manner: if an accessory thing belonging to A was joined to a principal one belonging to B, the ownership in the whole went to B. For example, if A’s purple were used to dye B’s cloth, the dyed cloth belonged wholly to B. By far the most important application of this rule asserted that whatever is built on land becomes part of the land and cannot be separately owned. Specificatio was somewhat different. If A made a thing out of material belonging to B, one school of thought held that ownership went to A, and another held that it remained with B. Justinian adopted a “middle opinion”: B retained ownership if reconversion to the original condition was possible (a bronze vase could be melted down); A obtained ownership if it was not (wine cannot be reconverted into grapes). According to thesauri inventio, or treasure trove, the final rule was that if something was found by a man on his own land, it went to him; if it was found on the land of another, half went to the finder, half to the landowner. Traditio was the simple delivery of possession with the intention of passing ownership and was the method of conveyance of the jus gentium. If A sold and merely delivered a slave to B, under the jus civile, A remained the owner of the slave until a specified length of time had elapsed. The praetors, however, devised procedural methods of protecting B’s possession in such a way that A’s title became valueless, and B was said to own the thing in bonis. This was a remarkable triumph for informality in the granting of title. From the phrase in bonis, later writers coined the expression “ bonitary ownership.” Justinian abolished the theoretical distinction between civil and bonitary ownership. The ordinary leaseholder had no protection beyond a contractual right against a landlord and could not assign tenancy. But there were certain kinds of tenure that did provide the tenant protection and that were assignable: agricultural and building leases granted for a long term or in perpetuity often enabled leaseholders to enjoy rights hardly distinguishable from ownership. There were also servitudes, in which one person enjoyed certain rights in property owned by another. Rights of way and water rights were rustic servitudes; rights to light or to view were urban servitudes. Ususfructus was the right to use and take the fruits (such as crops) of a thing and corresponded to the modern notion of life interest. A more restricted right, likewise not extending beyond the life of the holder, usus permitted merely the use of a thing; thus, a person could live in a house but could not let it, as that would be equivalent to “taking the fruits.”Since ownership was absolute, it was sharply distinguished from possession, which the civil law did not protect as such. Any owner wishing to interfere with an existing possessor, however, had to bring legal action to prove his title. If he interfered on his own authority, the praetor would see that the original state of affairs was restored before adjudicating the title. Delictand contract Obligations were classified by classical jurists into two main categories, according to whether they arose from delict or contract. Justinian’s law recognized two further classes of obligation, termed quasi-delict and quasi-contract. As early as the 6th and 5th centuries bce, Roman law was experiencing a transition from a system of private vengeance to one in which the state insisted that the person wronged accept compensation instead of vengeance. Thus, in the case of assault ( injuria ), if one man broke another’s limb, talio was still permitted (that is, the person wronged could inflict the same injury as he had received); but in other cases, fixed monetary penalties were set. Theft involved a penalty of twice the value of the thing stolen, unless the thief was caught in the act, in which case he was flogged and “adjudged” to the person wronged. By the early empire, reforms had substituted a fourfold penalty in the case of a thief who was caught in the act, and the court assessed all penalties for injuria (which by then included defamation and insulting behaviour). The law of damage to property was regulated by statute (the Lex Aquilia), which in turn was much extended by interpretation. Additionally, there were situations in which a person could be held liable for damages even though he was not personally responsible. In Justinian’s Institutes only four delicts were dealt with: theft, robbery with violence, damage to property, and verbal or physical assault. In the early republic, a law of contract hardly existed. There was, however, an institution called nexum, of which little can be said with certainty except that it was a kind of loan so oppressive in character that it could result in the debtor’s complete subjection to the creditor. It was obsolete long before imperial times. The contracts of classical law were divided into four classes: literal, verbal, real, and consensual. The literal contract was a type of fictitious loan formed by an entry in the creditor’s account book; it was comparatively unimportant and was obsolete by Justinian’s day. The verbal contract required set words or patterns of words to be spoken. The stipulatio was the most important form of verbal contract, for it established a form in which any agreement (provided it was lawful and possible) could be made binding by the simple method of reducing it to question and answer: “Do you promise to pay me 10,000 sesterces?” “I promise.” Originally it was absolutely necessary that the words be spoken, but by Justinian’s day a written memorandum of such a contract would be binding, even though, in fact, nothing at all had been spoken. If an agreement was not clothed in the form of a stipulation, it must, to be valid, fall under one of the types of real or consensual contracts. A real contract was one requiring that something should be transferred from one party to the other and that the obligation arising should be for the return of that thing. Real contracts included loans of money, loans of goods, deposits, and pledges. Consensual contracts needed nothing except verbal or written agreement between the parties, and though there were only four such contracts known to the law, they were the most important in ordinary life—sale, hire of things or services, partnership, and mandate (acting upon instructions). In Justinian’s day there was a further principle that in any case of reciprocal agreement, such as an agreement for exchange (but not sale), if one party had performed, he could bring an action to enforce performance by the other. In addition to the foregoing contracts, a few other specific agreements were recognized as enforceable, but the general recognition of all serious agreements as binding was never achieved by the Romans. Quasi-delict covered four types of harm, grouped together by no clearly ascertainable principle. They included the action against an occupier for harm done by things thrown or poured from his house into a public place and the action against a shipowner, innkeeper, or stablekeeper for loss caused to customers on the premises through theft or damage by persons in his service. Quasi-contract embraced obligations that had no common feature save that they did not properly fall under contract, because there was no agreement, or under delict, because there was no wrongful act. The most noticeable examples were, first, negotiorum gestio, which enabled one who intervened without authority in another’s affairs for the latter’s benefit to claim reimbursement and indemnity, and second, the group of cases in which an action ( condictio) was allowed for the recovery by A from B of what would otherwise be an unjustified enrichment of B at A’s expense, such as when A had mistakenly paid B something that was not due ( condictio indebiti ). This notion of unjust enrichment as a source of legal obligation was one of the most pregnant contributions made by Roman law to legal thought. The law of succession The law of succession is one of the most complex areas of Roman law. Any Roman citizen who was of age could make a will, but several very formal requirements had to be met for the will to be valid. The first requirement was the appointment of one or more heirs. An heir, in the Roman sense of the term, was a universal successor; that is, he took over the rights and duties of the deceased (insofar as they were transmissible at all) as a whole. On acceptance, the heir became owner if the deceased was owner, creditor if he was creditor, and debtor if he was debtor, even though the assets were insufficient to pay the debts. It was thus possible for an inheritance to involve the heir in a loss. Until Justinian’s day this consequence could be avoided only by not accepting the inheritance, though certain categories of heirs could not refuse. Justinian made one of his most famous reforms by providing that an heir who made an inventory of the deceased’s assets need not pay out more than he had received. Freedom of testation, furthermore, was not complete: a man was obliged to leave a certain proportion of his property to his children and in some cases to ascendants and brothers and sisters. With regard to intestate succession, or succession without a will, those first entitled in early times were the deceased’s own heirs—that is, those who were in his potestas or manus when he died and who were freed from that power at his death. Failing these heirs, the nearest agnatic relations (relations in the male line of descent) succeeded, and, if there were no agnates, the members of the gens, or clan, of the deceased succeeded. Later reforms placed children emancipated from potestas on an equal basis with those under potestas and gradually gave the surviving spouse (in marriage without manus) greater rights of succession. By Justinian’s day the system had evolved as follows: descendants had the first claim, and failing these heirs, came a composite class consisting of ascendants, brothers and sisters of full blood, and children of deceased brothers and sisters. Next came brothers and sisters of the half blood and, finally, the nearest cognates (relations in the female line). Husband and wife were not mentioned, but their old rights were kept alive in the absence of any of the preceding categories. Justinian also gave a “poor” widow a right to one-quarter of her husband’s estate unless there were more than three children, in which case she shared equally with them. If, however, the heirs were her own children by the deceased, she received only a ususfructus (life interest) in what she took. The law of procedure The earliest law suits ( legis actiones) were conducted orally in two stages: a preliminary one before the jurisdictional magistrate, in which the issue was developed; and then the actual presentation of evidence to the judex, or judge. The first stage required that set forms of words be spoken by the parties and, sometimes, by the magistrate. The parties making an assertion of ownership, for instance, would grasp the thing in dispute and lay a wand on it, after which the magistrate would intervene and say, “Let go, both of you.” So formal was the procedure that a plaintiff who made the slightest mistake lost his case. For the second stage, before the judex, there were no formal rules. However, the plaintiff had the burden of proof, was responsible for physically producing the defendant in court and, often, for carrying out the sentence. Under new procedures developed in the 2nd and 1st centuries bce, the issue at the magisterial stage was formulated in written instructions to the judex, couched in the form of an alternative: “If it appears that the defendant owes the plaintiff 10,000 sesterces, the judex is to condemn the defendant to pay the plaintiff 10,000 sesterces; if it does not so appear, he is to absolve him.” A draft of these written instructions was probably prepared for the plaintiff before he came into court, but there could be no trial until it was accepted by the defendant, for there was always a contractual element about a lawsuit under both the new and the old systems. Pressure, however, could be exercised by the magistrate on a defendant who refused to accept instructions that the magistrate had approved, just as a plaintiff could be forced to alter instructions that the magistrate had disapproved, by the magistrate’s refusal to otherwise give the order to the judex to decide the case. In late republican times, still another system developed, first in the provinces, then in Rome. Under the new system the magistrate used his administrative powers, which were always considerable, for the purpose of settling disputes. He could command: thus if one person brought a complaint against another before him, he could investigate the matter and give the order he thought fit. As imperially appointed officers superseded republican magistrates, this administrative process became more common. The result was that the old contractual element in procedure disappeared as did the old two-stage division. Justice was now imposed from above by the state—not, as originally, left to a kind of voluntary arbitration supervised by the state. Herbert Felix Jolowicz Raphael Powell Maurice Alfred Millner Mary Ann Glendon Paolo Carozza
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[
"Roman law, the law of ancient Rome from the time of the founding of the city in 753 bce until the fall of the Western Empire in the 5th century ce.",
"It remained in use in the Eastern, or Byzantine, Empire until 1453.",
"As a legal system, Roman law has affected the development of law in most of Western civilization as well as in parts of the East.",
"It forms the basis for the law codes of most countries of continental Europe ( see civil law) and derivative systems elsewhere.",
"The term Roman law today often refers to more than the laws of Roman society.",
"The legal institutions evolved by the Romans had influence on the laws of other peoples in times long after the disappearance of the Roman Empire and in countries that were never subject to Roman rule.",
"To take the most striking example, in a large part of Germany, until the adoption of a common code for the whole empire in 1900, the Roman law was in force as “subsidiary law”; that is, it was applied unless excluded by contrary local provisions.",
"This law, however, which was in force in parts of Europe long after the fall of the Roman Empire, was not the Roman law in its original form.",
"Although its basis was indeed the Corpus Juris Civilis—the codifying legislation of the emperor Justinian I—this legislation had been interpreted, developed, and adapted to later conditions by generations of jurists from the 11th century onward and had received additions from non-Roman sources.",
"Development of the jus civile and jus gentium In the great span of time during which the Roman Republic and Empire existed, there were many phases of legalistic development.",
"During the period of the republic (753–31 bce ), the jus civile (civil law) developed.",
"Based on custom or legislation, it applied exclusively to Roman citizens.",
"By the middle of the 3rd century bce, however, another type of law, jus gentium (law of nations), was developed by the Romans to be applied both to themselves and to foreigners.",
"Jus gentium was not the result of legislation, but was, instead, a development of the magistrates and governors who were responsible for administering justice in cases in which foreigners were involved.",
"The jus gentium became, to a large extent, part of the massive body of law that was applied by magistrates to citizens, as well as to foreigners, as a flexible alternative to jus civile.",
"Roman law, like other ancient systems, originally adopted the principle of personality —that is, that the law of the state applied only to its citizens.",
"Foreigners had no rights and, unless protected by some treaty between their state and Rome, they could be seized like ownerless pieces of property by any Roman.",
"But from early times there were treaties with foreign states guaranteeing mutual protection.",
"Even in cases in which there was no treaty, the increasing commercial interests of Rome forced it to protect, by some form of justice, the foreigners who came within its borders.",
"A magistrate could not simply apply Roman law because that was the privilege of citizens; even had there not been this difficulty, foreigners would probably have objected to the cumbersome formalism that characterized the early jus civile.",
"The law that the magistrates applied probably consisted of three elements: (1) an existing mercantile law that was used by the Mediterranean traders; (2) those institutions of the Roman law that, after being purged of their formalistic elements, could be applied universally to any litigant, Roman or foreigner; and (3) in the last resort, a magistrate’s own sense of what was fair and just.",
"This system of jus gentium was also adopted when Rome began to acquire provinces so that provincial governors could administer justice to the peregrini (foreigners).",
"This word came to mean not so much persons living under another government (of which, with the expansion of Roman power, there came to be fewer and fewer) as Roman subjects who were not citizens.",
"In general, disputes between members of the same subject state were settled by that state’s own courts according to its own law, whereas disputes between provincials of different states or between provincials and Romans were resolved by the governor’s court applying jus gentium.",
"By the 3rd century ce, when citizenship was extended throughout the empire, the practical differences between jus civile and jus gentium ceased to exist.",
"Even before this, when a Roman lawyer said that a contract of sale was juris gentium, he meant that it was formed in the same way and had the same legal results whether the parties to it were citizens or not.",
"This became the practical meaning of jus gentium.",
"Because of the universality of its application, however, the idea was also linked with the theoretical notion that it was the law common to all peoples and was dictated by nature—an idea that the Romans took from Greek philosophy.",
"Written and unwritten law The Romans divided their law into jus scriptum (written law) and jus non scriptum (unwritten law).",
"By “unwritten law” they meant custom; by “written law” they meant not only the laws derived from legislation but, literally, laws based on any written source.",
"There were various types of written law, the first of which consisted of leges (singular lex ), or enactments of one of the assemblies of the whole Roman people.",
"Although the wealthier classes, or patricians, dominated these assemblies, the common people, or plebeians, had their own council in which they enacted resolutions called plebiscita.",
"Only after the passage of the Lex Hortensia in 287 bce, however, did plebiscita become binding on all classes of citizens; thereafter, plebiscita were generally termed leges along with other enactments.",
"In general, legislation was a source of law only during the republic.",
"When Augustus Caesar established the empire in 31 bce, the assemblies did not at once cease to function, but their assent to any proposal became merely a formal ratification of the emperor’s wishes.",
"The last known lex was passed during the reign of Nerva (96–98 ce ).",
"Caesar Augustus, marble statue, c. 20 bce; in the Vatican Museums, Vatican City.",
"Photos.com/Jupiterimages The earliest and most important legislation, or body of leges, was the Twelve Tables, enacted in 451–450 bce during the struggle of the plebeians for political equality.",
"It represented an effort to obtain a written and public code that patrician magistrates could not alter at will against plebeian litigants.",
"Little is known of the actual content of the Twelve Tables; the text of the code has not survived, and only a few fragments are extant, collected from allusions and quotations in the works of authors such as Cicero.",
"From the fragments it is apparent that numerous matters were treated, among them family law, delict (tort, or offense against the law), and legal procedure.",
"A second type of written law consisted of the edicta (edicts), or proclamations issued by a superior magistrate ( praetor) on judicial matters.",
"The office of praetor was created in 367 bce to take over the expanding legal work involving citizens; later, a separate praetor was created to deal with foreigners.",
"Upon taking office, a praetor issued an edict that was, in effect, the program for his year in office.",
"The curule aediles, who were the magistrates responsible for the care and supervision of the markets, also issued edicts.",
"During the later stages of the republic, these praetorian and magisterial edicts became an instrument of legal reform, and leges ceased to be a major source of private law.",
"The Roman system of procedure gave the magistrate great powers for providing or refusing judicial remedies, as well as for determining the form that such remedies should take.",
"The result of this magisterial system was the development of the jus honorarium, a new body of rules that existed alongside, and often superseded, the civil law.",
"The edicta remained a source of law until about 131 ce, when the emperor Hadrian commissioned their reorganization and consolidation and declared the resulting set of laws to be unalterable, except by the emperor himself.",
"White marble statue of the Roman emperor Hadrian, from an excavation at Sagalassos in southwest Turkey.",
"Marc Waelkens/Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project A third type of written law was the senatus consulta, or resolutions of the Roman senate.",
"Although these suggestions to various magistrates had no legislative force during the republic, they could be given force by the magistrates’ edicts.",
"In the early empire, as the power of the assemblies declined and the position of the emperor increased, senatus consulta became resolutions that endorsed the proposals of the emperor.",
"As the approval of the Senate became increasingly automatic, the emperor’s proposals became the true instrument of power.",
"Consequently, emperors ceased referring proposals to the Senate and, not long after the early imperial period, ended the practice of legislating through the Senate.",
"A fourth type of written law consisted of the constitutiones principum, which were, in effect, expressions of the legislative power of the emperor.",
"By the middle of the 2nd century ce, the emperor was, essentially, the sole creator of the law.",
"The chief forms of imperial legislation were edicts or proclamations; instructions to subordinates, especially provincial governors; written answers to officials or others who consulted the emperor; and decisions of the emperor sitting as a judge.",
"The last type of written law was the responsa prudentium, or answers to legal questions given by learned lawyers to those who consulted them.",
"Although law, written and unwritten, was originally a rather secretive monopoly of the college of pontiffs, or priests, a recognizable class of legal advisers, juris consulti or prudentes, had developed by the early 3rd century bce.",
"These legal advisers were not professionals as such but men of rank who sought popularity and advancement in their public careers by giving free legal advice.",
"They interpreted statutes and points of law, especially unwritten law, advised the praetor on the content of his edict, and assisted parties and judges in litigation.",
"Augustus empowered certain jurists to give responsa with the emperor’s authority; this increased their prestige, but the practice lapsed as early as 200 ce.",
"During the early empire, numerous commentaries were written by the great jurists on individual leges, on civil law, on the edict, and on law as a whole.",
"In the 5th century a law was passed stipulating that only the works of certain jurists could be cited.",
"Legal scholarship declined in the postclassical period.",
"The law of Justinian When the Byzantine emperor Justinian I assumed rule in 527 ce, he found the law of the Roman Empire in a state of great confusion.",
"It consisted of two masses that were usually distinguished as old law and new law.",
"Virgin Mary (centre), Justinian I (left), holding a model of Hagia Sophia, and Constantine I (right), holding a model of the city of Constantinople, detail of a mosaic from Hagia Sophia, 9th century.",
"Dumbarton Oaks/Trustees for Harvard University, Washington, D. C. The old law comprised (1) all of the statutes passed under the republic and early empire that had not become obsolete; (2) the decrees of the Senate passed at the end of the republic and during the first two centuries of the empire; and (3) the writings of jurists and, more particularly, of those jurists to whom the emperors had given the right of declaring the law with their authority.",
"These jurists, in their commentaries, had incorporated practically all that was of importance.",
"Of these numerous records and writings of old law, many had become scarce or had been lost altogether, and some were of doubtful authenticity.",
"The entire mass of work was so costly to produce that even the public libraries did not contain complete collections.",
"Moreover, these writings contained many inconsistencies.",
"The new law, which consisted of the ordinances of the emperors promulgated during the middle and later stages of the empire, was in a similarly disorganized condition.",
"These ordinances or constitutions were extremely numerous and contradictory.",
"Because no complete collection existed (earlier codices were not comprehensive), other ordinances had to be obtained separately.",
"It was thus necessary to collect into a reasonable corpus as much of the law, both new and old, as was regarded as binding and to purge its contradictions and inconsistencies.",
"Immediately after his accession, Justinian appointed a commission to deal with the imperial constitutions.",
"The 10 commissioners went through all of the constitutions of which copies existed, selected those that had practical value, cut all unnecessary matter, eliminated contradictions by omitting one or the other of the conflicting passages, and adapted all the provisions to the circumstances of Justinian’s own time.",
"The resulting Codex Constitutionum was formally promulgated in 529, and all imperial ordinances not included in it were repealed.",
"This Codex has been lost, but a revised edition of 534 exists as part of the so-called Corpus Juris Civilis.",
"The success of this first experiment encouraged the emperor to attempt the more difficult enterprise of simplifying and digesting the writings of the jurists.",
"Thus, beginning in 530, a new commission of 16 eminent lawyers set about this task of compiling, clarifying, simplifying, and ordering; the results were published in 533 in 50 books that became known as the Digest (Digesta) or Pandects (Pandectae).",
"After enacting the Digest as a lawbook, Justinian repealed all of the other law contained in the treatises of the jurists and directed that those treatises should never be cited in the future, even by way of illustration; at the same time, he abrogated all of the statutes that had formed a part of the old law.",
"An outline of the elements of Roman law called the Institutes of Justinian (or simply Institutiones) was published at about the same time.",
"Between 534 and his death in 565, Justinian himself issued a great number of ordinances that dealt with many subjects and seriously altered the law on many points.",
"These ordinances are called, by way of distinction, new constitutions (Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem); in English they are referred to as the Novels.",
"All of these books—the revised Codex Constitutionum (the original work was revised four and a half years later), the Digest, the Institutes, and the Novels—are collectively known as the Corpus Juris Civilis.",
"This Corpus Juris of Justinian, with a few additions from the ordinances of succeeding emperors, continued to be the chief lawbook in what remained of the Roman world.",
"In the 9th century a new system known as the Basilica was prepared by the emperor Leo VI the Wise.",
"It was written in Greek and consisted of parts of the Codex and parts of the Digest, joined and often altered in expression, together with some material from the Novels and imperial ordinances subsequent to those of Justinian.",
"In the western provinces, the law as settled by Justinian held its ground.",
"Categories of Roman law The law of persons“The main distinction in the law of persons,” said the 2nd-century jurist Gaius, “is that all men are either free or slaves.” The slave was, in principle, a human chattel who could be owned and dealt with like any other piece of property.",
"As such, he was not only at the mercy of his owner but rightless and (apart from criminal law) dutiless.",
"Even though the slave was in law a thing, he was in fact a man, and this modified the principle.",
"A slave could not be a party to a contract nor own property, but he could be given a de facto patrimony, which could be retained if he were freed; if he made a “commitment,” it could ultimately be enforced against his master.",
"A manumitted slave became, in most instances, not only free but also a citizen.",
"The definition of citizenship was important for the purposes of private law because certain parts applied only to citizens ( jus civile ).",
"Noncitizens could be either Latini, inhabitants of Roman settlements that had the rights of members of the original Latin League, or peregrini, who were members of foreign communities or of those territories governed but not absorbed by Rome.",
"The great extension of the citizenship by the emperor Caracalla in 212 ce reduced the importance of this part of the law.",
"Family The chief characteristic of the Roman family was the patria potestas (paternal power in the form of absolute authority), which the elder father exercised over his children and over his more remote descendants in the male line, whatever their age might be, as well as over those who were brought into the family by adoption—a common practice at Rome.",
"Originally this meant not only that he had control over his children, even to the right of inflicting capital punishment, but that he alone had any rights in private law.",
"Thus, any acquisitions made by a child under potestas became the property of the father.",
"The father might indeed allow a child (as he might a slave) certain property to treat as his own, but in the eye of the law it continued to belong to the father.",
"By the 1st century ce there were already modifications of the system: the father’s power of life and death had shrunk to that of light chastisement, and the son could bind his father by contract with a third party within the same strict limits that applied to slaves and their masters.",
"Sons also could keep as their own what they earned as soldiers and even make wills of it.",
"In Justinian’s day, the position regarding property had changed considerably.",
"What the father gave to the son still remained, in law, the father’s property, but the rules concerning the son’s own earnings had been extended to many sorts of professional earnings; and in other acquisitions (such as property inherited from the mother), the father’s rights were reduced to a life interest ( usufruct ).",
"Normally, patria potestas ceased only with the death of the father; but the father might voluntarily free the child by emancipation, and a daughter ceased to be under her father’s potestas if she came under the manus of her husband.",
"There were two types of marriage known to the law, one with manus and one without, but the manus type of marriage was rare even in the late republic and had disappeared long before Justinian’s day.",
"Manus was the autocratic power of the husband over the wife, corresponding to patria potestas over the sons.",
"Marriage without manus was by far the more common in all properly attested periods.",
"It was formed (provided the parties were above the age of puberty and, if under potestas, had their father’s consent) simply by beginning conjugal life with the intention of being married, normally evidenced by the bringing of the bride to the bridegroom’s house.",
"The wife remained under her father’s potestas if he were still alive; if he were dead, she continued (as long as guardianship of women continued) to have the same guardian as before marriage.",
"Both spouses had to be citizens, or if one was not, he or she must have conubium (the right, sometimes given to non-Romans, of contracting a Roman marriage).",
"In marriage without manus, the property of the spouses remained distinct, and even gifts between husband and wife were invalid.",
"Divorce was permitted to the husband in early Rome only on specific grounds.",
"Later, divorce was always possible at the instance of the husband in cases of marriage with manus; in marriage without manus, either party was free to put an end to the relationship.",
"A formal letter was usually given to the spouse, but any manifestation of intention to end the relationship—made clear to the other party and accompanied by actual parting—was all that was legally necessary.",
"The Christian emperors imposed penalties on those who divorced without good reason, including prohibitions on remarriage, but the power of the parties to end the marriage by their own act was not taken away.",
"Concubinage was recognized in the empire as a “marriage” without a dowry, with a lower status for the woman, and with provisions that the children were not legally the father’s heirs.",
"A man could not have both a wife and a concubine.",
"In the 4th century the emperor Constantine first enacted a law enabling the children of such unions to be legitimated by the subsequent marriage of their parents.",
"Medieval civil law extended this rule to all illegitimate children.",
"Persons under the age of puberty (14 for males, 12 for females) needed tutores if they were not under patria potestas.",
"Such tutors could be appointed under the will of the father or male head of the household.",
"Failing such an appointment, the guardianship went to certain prescribed relatives; if there were no qualified relations, the magistrates appointed a tutor.",
"Originally, children were considered adults at the age of puberty; but, after a long development, it became usual for those between the ages of puberty and 25 to have guardians who were always magisterially appointed.",
"Originally, all women not under patria potestas or manus also needed tutores, appointed in the same way as those for children.",
"By the early empire, this provision was little more than a burdensome technicality, and it disappeared from Justinian’s law.",
"Corporations The Romans did not develop a generalized concept of juristic personality in the sense of an entity that had rights and duties.",
"They had no terms for a corporation or a legal person.",
"But they did endow certain aggregations of persons with particular powers and capacities, and the underlying legal notion hovered between corporate powers, as understood in modern law, and powers enjoyed collectively by a group of individuals.",
"The source of such collective powers, however, was always an act of state.",
"Four types of corporation were distinguished:1.",
"Municipia (the citizen body, originally composed of the conquered cities and later of other local communities) possessed a corporateness that was recognized in such matters as having the power to acquire things and to contract.",
"In imperial times, they were accorded the power to manumit slaves, take legacies, and finally—though this became general only in postclassical law—to be instituted as an heir.2.",
"The populus Romanus, or the “people of Rome,” collectively could acquire property, make contracts, and be appointed heir.",
"Public property included the property of the treasury.3.",
"Collegia —numerous private associations with specialized functions, such as craft or trade guilds, burial societies, and societies dedicated to special religious worship—seem to have carried on their affairs and to have held property corporately in republican times.",
"The emperors, viewing the collegia with some suspicion, enacted from the beginning that no collegium could be founded without state authority and that their rights of manumitting slaves and taking legacies be closely regulated.4.",
"Charitable funds became a concern of postclassical law.",
"Property might be donated or willed—normally, but not necessarily, to a church—for some charitable use, and the church would then (or so it appears from the evidence) have the duty of supervising the fund.",
"Imperial legislation controlled the disposition of such funds so that they could not be used illegally.",
"In such cases ownership is thought to have been temporarily vested in the administrators.",
"The law of propertyand possession In Roman law (today as well as in Roman times), both land and movable property could be owned absolutely by individuals.",
"This conception of absolute ownership ( dominium) is characteristically Roman, as opposed to the relative idea of ownership as the better right to possession that underlies the Germanic systems and English law.",
"Mancipatio, or formal transfer of property, involved a ceremonial conveyance needing for its accomplishment the presence of the transferor and transferee, five witnesses (adult male Roman citizens), a pair of scales, a man to hold them, and an ingot of copper or bronze.",
"The transferee grasped the object being transferred and said, “I assert that this thing is mine by Quiritarian [Roman] law; and let it have been bought by me with this piece of copper and these copper scales.” He then struck the scales with the ingot, which he handed to the transferor “by way of price.”In jure cessio was a conveyance in the form of a lawsuit.",
"The transferee claimed before the magistrate that the thing was his, and the transferor, who was the defendant, admitted the claim.",
"The magistrate then adjudged the thing to the transferee.",
"(The sham-lawsuit theory, however, is not acceptable to all modern scholars, principally because the judgment of ownership was valid against any possible private claimant, not merely against the defendant, as in a true lawsuit.",
")Usucapio referred to ownership acquired by length of possession.",
"In early Roman law, two years of continuous possession established title in the case of land, one year in the case of movables.",
"In the developed law, possession must have begun justifiably in good faith, and the thing must not have been stolen (even though the possessor himself may have been innocent of the theft) or acquired by violence.",
"In terms of occupatio, ownerless things that were susceptible to private ownership (excluding such things as temples) became the property of the first person to take possession of them.",
"This applied to things such as wild animals and islands arising in the sea.",
"In some views, it also applied to abandoned articles.",
"Accessio worked in this manner: if an accessory thing belonging to A was joined to a principal one belonging to B, the ownership in the whole went to B.",
"For example, if A’s purple were used to dye B’s cloth, the dyed cloth belonged wholly to B.",
"By far the most important application of this rule asserted that whatever is built on land becomes part of the land and cannot be separately owned.",
"Specificatio was somewhat different.",
"If A made a thing out of material belonging to B, one school of thought held that ownership went to A, and another held that it remained with B. Justinian adopted a “middle opinion”: B retained ownership if reconversion to the original condition was possible (a bronze vase could be melted down); A obtained ownership if it was not (wine cannot be reconverted into grapes).",
"According to thesauri inventio, or treasure trove, the final rule was that if something was found by a man on his own land, it went to him; if it was found on the land of another, half went to the finder, half to the landowner.",
"Traditio was the simple delivery of possession with the intention of passing ownership and was the method of conveyance of the jus gentium.",
"If A sold and merely delivered a slave to B, under the jus civile, A remained the owner of the slave until a specified length of time had elapsed.",
"The praetors, however, devised procedural methods of protecting B’s possession in such a way that A’s title became valueless, and B was said to own the thing in bonis.",
"This was a remarkable triumph for informality in the granting of title.",
"From the phrase in bonis, later writers coined the expression “ bonitary ownership.” Justinian abolished the theoretical distinction between civil and bonitary ownership.",
"The ordinary leaseholder had no protection beyond a contractual right against a landlord and could not assign tenancy.",
"But there were certain kinds of tenure that did provide the tenant protection and that were assignable: agricultural and building leases granted for a long term or in perpetuity often enabled leaseholders to enjoy rights hardly distinguishable from ownership.",
"There were also servitudes, in which one person enjoyed certain rights in property owned by another.",
"Rights of way and water rights were rustic servitudes; rights to light or to view were urban servitudes.",
"Ususfructus was the right to use and take the fruits (such as crops) of a thing and corresponded to the modern notion of life interest.",
"A more restricted right, likewise not extending beyond the life of the holder, usus permitted merely the use of a thing; thus, a person could live in a house but could not let it, as that would be equivalent to “taking the fruits.”Since ownership was absolute, it was sharply distinguished from possession, which the civil law did not protect as such.",
"Any owner wishing to interfere with an existing possessor, however, had to bring legal action to prove his title.",
"If he interfered on his own authority, the praetor would see that the original state of affairs was restored before adjudicating the title.",
"Delictand contract Obligations were classified by classical jurists into two main categories, according to whether they arose from delict or contract.",
"Justinian’s law recognized two further classes of obligation, termed quasi-delict and quasi-contract.",
"As early as the 6th and 5th centuries bce, Roman law was experiencing a transition from a system of private vengeance to one in which the state insisted that the person wronged accept compensation instead of vengeance.",
"Thus, in the case of assault ( injuria ), if one man broke another’s limb, talio was still permitted (that is, the person wronged could inflict the same injury as he had received); but in other cases, fixed monetary penalties were set.",
"Theft involved a penalty of twice the value of the thing stolen, unless the thief was caught in the act, in which case he was flogged and “adjudged” to the person wronged.",
"By the early empire, reforms had substituted a fourfold penalty in the case of a thief who was caught in the act, and the court assessed all penalties for injuria (which by then included defamation and insulting behaviour).",
"The law of damage to property was regulated by statute (the Lex Aquilia), which in turn was much extended by interpretation.",
"Additionally, there were situations in which a person could be held liable for damages even though he was not personally responsible.",
"In Justinian’s Institutes only four delicts were dealt with: theft, robbery with violence, damage to property, and verbal or physical assault.",
"In the early republic, a law of contract hardly existed.",
"There was, however, an institution called nexum, of which little can be said with certainty except that it was a kind of loan so oppressive in character that it could result in the debtor’s complete subjection to the creditor.",
"It was obsolete long before imperial times.",
"The contracts of classical law were divided into four classes: literal, verbal, real, and consensual.",
"The literal contract was a type of fictitious loan formed by an entry in the creditor’s account book; it was comparatively unimportant and was obsolete by Justinian’s day.",
"The verbal contract required set words or patterns of words to be spoken.",
"The stipulatio was the most important form of verbal contract, for it established a form in which any agreement (provided it was lawful and possible) could be made binding by the simple method of reducing it to question and answer: “Do you promise to pay me 10,000 sesterces?” “I promise.” Originally it was absolutely necessary that the words be spoken, but by Justinian’s day a written memorandum of such a contract would be binding, even though, in fact, nothing at all had been spoken.",
"If an agreement was not clothed in the form of a stipulation, it must, to be valid, fall under one of the types of real or consensual contracts.",
"A real contract was one requiring that something should be transferred from one party to the other and that the obligation arising should be for the return of that thing.",
"Real contracts included loans of money, loans of goods, deposits, and pledges.",
"Consensual contracts needed nothing except verbal or written agreement between the parties, and though there were only four such contracts known to the law, they were the most important in ordinary life—sale, hire of things or services, partnership, and mandate (acting upon instructions).",
"In Justinian’s day there was a further principle that in any case of reciprocal agreement, such as an agreement for exchange (but not sale), if one party had performed, he could bring an action to enforce performance by the other.",
"In addition to the foregoing contracts, a few other specific agreements were recognized as enforceable, but the general recognition of all serious agreements as binding was never achieved by the Romans.",
"Quasi-delict covered four types of harm, grouped together by no clearly ascertainable principle.",
"They included the action against an occupier for harm done by things thrown or poured from his house into a public place and the action against a shipowner, innkeeper, or stablekeeper for loss caused to customers on the premises through theft or damage by persons in his service.",
"Quasi-contract embraced obligations that had no common feature save that they did not properly fall under contract, because there was no agreement, or under delict, because there was no wrongful act.",
"The most noticeable examples were, first, negotiorum gestio, which enabled one who intervened without authority in another’s affairs for the latter’s benefit to claim reimbursement and indemnity, and second, the group of cases in which an action ( condictio) was allowed for the recovery by A from B of what would otherwise be an unjustified enrichment of B at A’s expense, such as when A had mistakenly paid B something that was not due ( condictio indebiti ).",
"This notion of unjust enrichment as a source of legal obligation was one of the most pregnant contributions made by Roman law to legal thought.",
"The law of succession The law of succession is one of the most complex areas of Roman law.",
"Any Roman citizen who was of age could make a will, but several very formal requirements had to be met for the will to be valid.",
"The first requirement was the appointment of one or more heirs.",
"An heir, in the Roman sense of the term, was a universal successor; that is, he took over the rights and duties of the deceased (insofar as they were transmissible at all) as a whole.",
"On acceptance, the heir became owner if the deceased was owner, creditor if he was creditor, and debtor if he was debtor, even though the assets were insufficient to pay the debts.",
"It was thus possible for an inheritance to involve the heir in a loss.",
"Until Justinian’s day this consequence could be avoided only by not accepting the inheritance, though certain categories of heirs could not refuse.",
"Justinian made one of his most famous reforms by providing that an heir who made an inventory of the deceased’s assets need not pay out more than he had received.",
"Freedom of testation, furthermore, was not complete: a man was obliged to leave a certain proportion of his property to his children and in some cases to ascendants and brothers and sisters.",
"With regard to intestate succession, or succession without a will, those first entitled in early times were the deceased’s own heirs—that is, those who were in his potestas or manus when he died and who were freed from that power at his death.",
"Failing these heirs, the nearest agnatic relations (relations in the male line of descent) succeeded, and, if there were no agnates, the members of the gens, or clan, of the deceased succeeded.",
"Later reforms placed children emancipated from potestas on an equal basis with those under potestas and gradually gave the surviving spouse (in marriage without manus) greater rights of succession.",
"By Justinian’s day the system had evolved as follows: descendants had the first claim, and failing these heirs, came a composite class consisting of ascendants, brothers and sisters of full blood, and children of deceased brothers and sisters.",
"Next came brothers and sisters of the half blood and, finally, the nearest cognates (relations in the female line).",
"Husband and wife were not mentioned, but their old rights were kept alive in the absence of any of the preceding categories.",
"Justinian also gave a “poor” widow a right to one-quarter of her husband’s estate unless there were more than three children, in which case she shared equally with them.",
"If, however, the heirs were her own children by the deceased, she received only a ususfructus (life interest) in what she took.",
"The law of procedure The earliest law suits ( legis actiones) were conducted orally in two stages: a preliminary one before the jurisdictional magistrate, in which the issue was developed; and then the actual presentation of evidence to the judex, or judge.",
"The first stage required that set forms of words be spoken by the parties and, sometimes, by the magistrate.",
"The parties making an assertion of ownership, for instance, would grasp the thing in dispute and lay a wand on it, after which the magistrate would intervene and say, “Let go, both of you.” So formal was the procedure that a plaintiff who made the slightest mistake lost his case.",
"For the second stage, before the judex, there were no formal rules.",
"However, the plaintiff had the burden of proof, was responsible for physically producing the defendant in court and, often, for carrying out the sentence.",
"Under new procedures developed in the 2nd and 1st centuries bce, the issue at the magisterial stage was formulated in written instructions to the judex, couched in the form of an alternative: “If it appears that the defendant owes the plaintiff 10,000 sesterces, the judex is to condemn the defendant to pay the plaintiff 10,000 sesterces; if it does not so appear, he is to absolve him.” A draft of these written instructions was probably prepared for the plaintiff before he came into court, but there could be no trial until it was accepted by the defendant, for there was always a contractual element about a lawsuit under both the new and the old systems.",
"Pressure, however, could be exercised by the magistrate on a defendant who refused to accept instructions that the magistrate had approved, just as a plaintiff could be forced to alter instructions that the magistrate had disapproved, by the magistrate’s refusal to otherwise give the order to the judex to decide the case.",
"In late republican times, still another system developed, first in the provinces, then in Rome.",
"Under the new system the magistrate used his administrative powers, which were always considerable, for the purpose of settling disputes.",
"He could command: thus if one person brought a complaint against another before him, he could investigate the matter and give the order he thought fit.",
"As imperially appointed officers superseded republican magistrates, this administrative process became more common.",
"The result was that the old contractual element in procedure disappeared as did the old two-stage division.",
"Justice was now imposed from above by the state—not, as originally, left to a kind of voluntary arbitration supervised by the state.",
"Herbert Felix Jolowicz Raphael Powell Maurice Alfred Millner Mary Ann Glendon Paolo Carozza"
] |
D478477
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http://mobiledevices.about.com/od/glossary/g/Mobile-Carrier.htm
|
Mobile Carriers in the U.S.
|
Do More ›Web & Search Mobile Carriers in the U. S. Learn the Difference Between Mobile Carriers and MVNOs Share Pin Email Print Chris Gould/Photographer's Choice/Getty Imagesby Priya Viswanathan Updated March 23, 2018A mobile carrier is a service provider that supplies connectivity services to mobile phone and tablet subscribers. The cellular company you pay for your cellphone usage is either a mobile carrier or a mobile virtual network operator. There are only a few licensed mobile carriers in the U. S. and many MVNOs. U. S. Mobile Carriers Mobile carriers must acquire a radio spectrum license from the government to operate in any region of the country. The mobile carriers in the U. S. are: Sprint Verizon Wireless AT&TT-Mobile U. S. Cellular Owners of mobile phones use a cellular carrier to support the calling, texting and data capabilities of their smartphones. Mobile Virtual Network Operators Mobile carriers are permitted to sell access to their radio spectrum to other companies that operate as mobile virtual network operators. MVNO s do not own a base station, spectrum, or infrastructure needed to transmit. Instead, they lease from a licensed operator in their area. A few MVNOs are alternative brands of large mobile carriers such as: Metro PCS (owned by T-Mobile)Cricket Wireless (owned by AT&T)Virgin Mobile (owned by Sprint)Examples of other MVNOs include: Trac Fone Wireless Total Wireless Straight Talk Page Plus Cellular Net Zero Armed Forces Wireless Affinity Cellular Ting MVNOs often target small regions or niche segments of the population. Typically, MVNOs offer inexpensive monthly plans with no contracts. They offer the same quality service as the mobile carrier they lease spectrum from. You can port your existing number as long as you stay in the same area and bring your own phone with some limitations. GSM and CDMA phones don't work on the same networks, but an unlocked phone has no such restrictions. Because MVNOs have low overhead costs, they usually spend aggressively on marketing to attract individuals to their service. In some cases, their customers receive lower priority than the customers of the bigger networks they lease bandwidth from. MNVOs may have lower data speeds, for example. Was this page helpful?
|
[
"Do More ›Web & Search Mobile Carriers in the U. S. Learn the Difference Between Mobile Carriers and MVNOs Share Pin Email Print Chris Gould/Photographer's Choice/Getty Imagesby Priya Viswanathan Updated March 23, 2018A mobile carrier is a service provider that supplies connectivity services to mobile phone and tablet subscribers.",
"The cellular company you pay for your cellphone usage is either a mobile carrier or a mobile virtual network operator.",
"There are only a few licensed mobile carriers in the U. S. and many MVNOs.",
"U. S. Mobile Carriers Mobile carriers must acquire a radio spectrum license from the government to operate in any region of the country.",
"The mobile carriers in the U. S. are: Sprint Verizon Wireless AT&TT-Mobile U. S. Cellular Owners of mobile phones use a cellular carrier to support the calling, texting and data capabilities of their smartphones.",
"Mobile Virtual Network Operators Mobile carriers are permitted to sell access to their radio spectrum to other companies that operate as mobile virtual network operators.",
"MVNO s do not own a base station, spectrum, or infrastructure needed to transmit.",
"Instead, they lease from a licensed operator in their area.",
"A few MVNOs are alternative brands of large mobile carriers such as: Metro PCS (owned by T-Mobile)Cricket Wireless (owned by AT&T)Virgin Mobile (owned by Sprint)Examples of other MVNOs include: Trac Fone Wireless Total Wireless Straight Talk Page Plus Cellular Net Zero Armed Forces Wireless Affinity Cellular Ting MVNOs often target small regions or niche segments of the population.",
"Typically, MVNOs offer inexpensive monthly plans with no contracts.",
"They offer the same quality service as the mobile carrier they lease spectrum from.",
"You can port your existing number as long as you stay in the same area and bring your own phone with some limitations.",
"GSM and CDMA phones don't work on the same networks, but an unlocked phone has no such restrictions.",
"Because MVNOs have low overhead costs, they usually spend aggressively on marketing to attract individuals to their service.",
"In some cases, their customers receive lower priority than the customers of the bigger networks they lease bandwidth from.",
"MNVOs may have lower data speeds, for example.",
"Was this page helpful?"
] |
D1327132
|
http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/fossa_for_gallbladder
|
Lexic.us
|
Medical Definition of Fossa for gallbladder1. A depression on the visceral surface of the liver anteriorly, between the quadrate and the right lobes, lodging the gallbladder. Synonym: fossa vesicae biliaris, gallbladder fossa. (05 Mar 2000)Fossa For Gallbladder Pictures Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Fossa For Gallbladder Images Lexicographical Neighbors of Fossa For Gallbladderfossa acetabulifossa anthelicisfossa axillarisfossa caninafossa caroticafossa catfossa condylarisfossa coronoidea humerifossa cranii anteriorfossa cranii mediafossa cranii posteriorfossa cubitalisfossa digastricafossa ductus venosifossa epigastricafossa for gallbladder (current term) fossa for incusfossa glandulae lacrimalisfossa hyaloideafossa hypophysialisfossa iliacafossa iliacosubfascialisfossa incisivafossa incudisfossa infraclavicularisfossa infraspinatafossa infratemporalisfossa inguinalis lateralisfossa inguinalis medialisfossa innominata Other Resources Relating to: Fossa for gallbladder Words people are searching for today:villotta, got_out, fbi_agent, skilled_nursing_facilities, d'oh, nulliploid, flurried, surimono, permeates, granularises, balance-of-payments_problem, complement_5a, raoulia_australis, rattlesnakes, ptsd, percolin, selenols, small_voice, outbar, hooknoses, affirming, santorini's_incisures, hypokalemic, solubilized, kerygma, loamy, iminoesters, i_told_you_so, orthogamous, misarticulate, retraumatized, tripeptide_aminopeptidase, celosias, product-moment_correlation_coefficient, starting_gun, overswinging, tessellae, fynbos, horn-dog, lactoperoxidases, lactase_deficiency, yard-long, horsewood, randiest, guttate_choroidopathy, severn, makhachkala, underfellows, family_syngnathidae, hieromancy Privacy Policy | Contact Us | Powered by Word Net
|
[
"Medical Definition of Fossa for gallbladder1.",
"A depression on the visceral surface of the liver anteriorly, between the quadrate and the right lobes, lodging the gallbladder.",
"Synonym: fossa vesicae biliaris, gallbladder fossa.",
"(05 Mar 2000)Fossa For Gallbladder Pictures Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Fossa For Gallbladder Images Lexicographical Neighbors of Fossa For Gallbladderfossa acetabulifossa anthelicisfossa axillarisfossa caninafossa caroticafossa catfossa condylarisfossa coronoidea humerifossa cranii anteriorfossa cranii mediafossa cranii posteriorfossa cubitalisfossa digastricafossa ductus venosifossa epigastricafossa for gallbladder (current term) fossa for incusfossa glandulae lacrimalisfossa hyaloideafossa hypophysialisfossa iliacafossa iliacosubfascialisfossa incisivafossa incudisfossa infraclavicularisfossa infraspinatafossa infratemporalisfossa inguinalis lateralisfossa inguinalis medialisfossa innominata Other Resources Relating to: Fossa for gallbladder Words people are searching for today:villotta, got_out, fbi_agent, skilled_nursing_facilities, d'oh, nulliploid, flurried, surimono, permeates, granularises, balance-of-payments_problem, complement_5a, raoulia_australis, rattlesnakes, ptsd, percolin, selenols, small_voice, outbar, hooknoses, affirming, santorini's_incisures, hypokalemic, solubilized, kerygma, loamy, iminoesters, i_told_you_so, orthogamous, misarticulate, retraumatized, tripeptide_aminopeptidase, celosias, product-moment_correlation_coefficient, starting_gun, overswinging, tessellae, fynbos, horn-dog, lactoperoxidases, lactase_deficiency, yard-long, horsewood, randiest, guttate_choroidopathy, severn, makhachkala, underfellows, family_syngnathidae, hieromancy Privacy Policy | Contact Us | Powered by Word Net"
] |
D1734657
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothschild,_Wisconsin
|
Rothschild, Wisconsin
|
"Rothschild, Wisconsin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Rothschild, Wisconsin Village Location of Rothschild in Marathon County, Wisconsin. Coordinates: 44°52′54″N 89°37′14″WCoordinates: 44°52′54″N 89°37′14″WCountry United States State Wisconsin County Marathon Area [1]• Total 6.90 sq mi (17.87 km 2)• Land 6.53 sq mi (16.91 km 2)• Water 0.37 sq mi (0.96 km 2)Elevation [2] 1,198 ft (365 m)Population ( 2010) [3]• Total 5,269• Estimate (2016) [4] 5,347• Density 806.9/sq mi (311.5/km 2)Time zone Central (CST) ( UTC-6)• Summer ( DST) CDT ( UTC-5)Standard 54474Area code (s) 715 & 534FIPS code 55-69725 [5]GNIS feature ID 1572629 [2]Website www .rothschildwi .com Village hall Rothschild is a village in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the Wausau, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 5,269 at the 2010 census. [6] Rothschild is the northern terminus of Interstate 39, which starts in Normal, Illinois. Contents [ hide ]1 Geography2 Demographics2.1 2010 census2.2 2000 census3 Transportation3.1 Airport4 Economy5 Rothschild Area Branch Library6 References7 External links Geography [ edit]Rothschild is located at 44°52′54″N 89°37′14″W (44.881718, -89.620670). [7] According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 6.90 square miles (17.87 km 2 ), of which, 6.53 square miles (16.91 km 2) of it is land and 0.37 square miles (0.96 km 2) is water. [1]Demographics [ edit]Historical population Census Pop. %±1920 413 —1930 499 20.8%1940 812 62.7%1950 1,425 75.5%1960 2,550 78.9%1970 3,141 23.2%1980 3,338 6.3%1990 3,310 −0.8%2000 4,970 50.2%2010 5,269 6.0%Est. 2016 5,347 [4] 1.5%U. S. Decennial Census [8]2010 census [ edit]As of the census [3] of 2010, there were 5,269 people, 2,199 households, and 1,465 families residing in the village. The population density was 806.9 inhabitants per square mile (311.5/km 2 ). There were 2,332 housing units at an average density of 357.1 per square mile (137.9/km 2 ). The racial makeup of the village was 93.9% White, 0.5% African American, 0.3% Native American, 3.8% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population. There were 2,199 households of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.4% were non-families. 27.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.90. The median age in the village was 41.8 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 29.2% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.2000 census [ edit]As of the census [5] of 2000, there were 4,970 people, 1,922 households, and 1,406 families residing in the village. The population density was 763.1 people per square mile (294.8/km²). There were 1,988 housing units at an average density of 305.2 per square mile (117.9/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 96.16% White, 0.28% African American, 0.28% Native American, 2.88% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.08% from other races, and 0.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.28% of the population. There were 1,922 households out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.7% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families. 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.01. In the village, the population was spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 99.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males. The median income for a household in the village was $50,543, and the median income for a family was $58,149. Males had a median income of $37,468 versus $25,439 for females. The per capita income for the village was $22,236. About 2.6% of families and 4.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.2% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over. Transportation [ edit]Airport [ edit]The Central Wisconsin Airport (KCWA) serves Rothschild, the county and surrounding communities with both scheduled commercial jet service and general aviation services. Economy [ edit]Wausau Homes Inc and Wausau Tile have their headquarters in Rothschild. One of the larger employers in Rothschild is the Domtar Paper Mill. The mill was originally built between 1909 and 1910 by a group of local lumber barons. The mill produced its first reel of paper in 1910 and was incorporated under the name Marathon Paper Mills. At that time, the area that was to become Rothschild was still considered the Town of Weston. However, the company built and maintained several homes, a community hall, boarding house and general store. As the mill town grew around the paper mill, the area soon became incorporated as the village of Rothschild. The paper mill has seen many upgrades over the years as well as changes in ownership. In the 1950s, the American Can Company purchased Marathon Corporation. In 1973, Weyerhaeuser purchased a large portion of the mill from American Can. Then again, in the 2000s, Domtar purchased the mill from Weyerhaeuser. At its heyday in the early 1970s, the mill employed over 1,000 workers, operating four paper machines. Today, only one machine remains in operation. Rothschild Area Branch Library [ edit]The library in Rothschild opened its doors in 1949 when the Rothschild Homemakers group worked with the county librarian to establish a branch library. First located in a small cloak room in the village hall, it soon moved upstairs to a larger area. When a fire destroyed the village hall in 1968, the village constructed a new building for the library and village offices. In 1973 the Rothschild Branch Library became a branch of the newly formed Marathon County Public Library when the Wausau Public Library and Marathon County Library merged. By 1998, the Village of Rothschild needed more office space and the library was in need of expansion. This led to the construction of a new library/village hall complex completed in March 1999. The Schofield and Rothschild Branch Libraries were merged to form a larger branch library that had more open hours and a larger collection. References [ edit]^ a b ""US Gazetteer files 2010"". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-18.^ a b ""US Board on Geographic Names"". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ a b ""American Fact Finder"". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-11-18.^ a b ""Population and Housing Unit Estimates"". Retrieved June 9, 2017.^ a b ""American Fact Finder"". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ ""Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Rothschild village, Wisconsin"". U. S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved September 10, 2012.^ ""US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990"". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.^ ""Census of Population and Housing"". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015. External links [ edit]Village of Rothschild official website [ hide]v t e Municipalities and communities of Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States County seat: Wausau Cities Abbotsford ‡ Colby ‡ Marshfield ‡ Mosinee Schofield Wausau Villages Athens Birnamwood ‡ Brokaw Dorchester ‡ Edgar Elderon Fenwood Hatley Kronenwetter Maine Marathon City Rothschild Spencer Stratford Unity ‡ Weston Towns Bergen Berlin Bern Bevent Brighton Cassel Cleveland Day Easton Eau Pleine Elderon Emmet Frankfort Franzen Green Valley Guenther Halsey Hamburg Harrison Hewitt Holton Hull Johnson Knowlton Marathon Mc Millan Mosinee Norrie Plover Reid Rib Falls Rib Mountain Rietbrock Ringle Spencer Stettin Texas Wausau Weston Wien CDPs Knowlton Rib Mountain Unincorporated communities Ashley Bevent Bradley Cherokee Corinth Dancy Emmerich Gad ‡ Galloway Glandon Granite Heights Halder Hamburg Hogarty Holt Ingersoll Johnson Kalinke Little Chicago Little Eau Claire Little Rose Mann March Rapids Mc Millan Milan Moon Mount View Naugart Norrie Nutterville Pike Lake Poniatowski Rangeline Rib Falls Ringle Rocky Corners Rozellville Schnappsville Shantytown Snell Sunset Swan Taegesville Weber Wien Wuertsburg Ghost towns/ neighborhoods Callon Staadts Stettin Ziegler Indian reservation Ho-Chunk Indian Reservation ‡Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties Categories: Villages in Wisconsin Villages in Marathon County, Wisconsin "
|
[
"\"Rothschild, Wisconsin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search Rothschild, Wisconsin Village Location of Rothschild in Marathon County, Wisconsin.",
"Coordinates: 44°52′54″N 89°37′14″WCoordinates: 44°52′54″N 89°37′14″WCountry United States State Wisconsin County Marathon Area [1]• Total 6.90 sq mi (17.87 km 2)• Land 6.53 sq mi (16.91 km 2)• Water 0.37 sq mi (0.96 km 2)Elevation [2] 1,198 ft (365 m)Population ( 2010) [3]• Total 5,269• Estimate (2016) [4] 5,347• Density 806.9/sq mi (311.5/km 2)Time zone Central (CST) ( UTC-6)• Summer ( DST) CDT ( UTC-5)Standard 54474Area code (s) 715 & 534FIPS code 55-69725 [5]GNIS feature ID 1572629 [2]Website www .rothschildwi .com Village hall Rothschild is a village in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States.",
"It is part of the Wausau, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area.",
"The population was 5,269 at the 2010 census.",
"[6] Rothschild is the northern terminus of Interstate 39, which starts in Normal, Illinois.",
"Contents [ hide ]1 Geography2 Demographics2.1 2010 census2.2 2000 census3 Transportation3.1 Airport4 Economy5 Rothschild Area Branch Library6 References7 External links Geography [ edit]Rothschild is located at 44°52′54″N 89°37′14″W (44.881718, -89.620670).",
"[7] According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 6.90 square miles (17.87 km 2 ), of which, 6.53 square miles (16.91 km 2) of it is land and 0.37 square miles (0.96 km 2) is water.",
"[1]Demographics [ edit]Historical population Census Pop.",
"%±1920 413 —1930 499 20.8%1940 812 62.7%1950 1,425 75.5%1960 2,550 78.9%1970 3,141 23.2%1980 3,338 6.3%1990 3,310 −0.8%2000 4,970 50.2%2010 5,269 6.0%Est.",
"2016 5,347 [4] 1.5%U.",
"S. Decennial Census [8]2010 census [ edit]As of the census [3] of 2010, there were 5,269 people, 2,199 households, and 1,465 families residing in the village.",
"The population density was 806.9 inhabitants per square mile (311.5/km 2 ).",
"There were 2,332 housing units at an average density of 357.1 per square mile (137.9/km 2 ).",
"The racial makeup of the village was 93.9% White, 0.5% African American, 0.3% Native American, 3.8% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 1.3% from two or more races.",
"Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.",
"There were 2,199 households of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.2% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.4% were non-families.",
"27.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.",
"The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.90.",
"The median age in the village was 41.8 years.",
"22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.1% were from 25 to 44; 29.2% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older.",
"The gender makeup of the village was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.2000 census [ edit]As of the census [5] of 2000, there were 4,970 people, 1,922 households, and 1,406 families residing in the village.",
"The population density was 763.1 people per square mile (294.8/km²).",
"There were 1,988 housing units at an average density of 305.2 per square mile (117.9/km²).",
"The racial makeup of the village was 96.16% White, 0.28% African American, 0.28% Native American, 2.88% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.08% from other races, and 0.30% from two or more races.",
"Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.28% of the population.",
"There were 1,922 households out of which 34.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.7% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.8% were non-families.",
"21.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.",
"The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.01.",
"In the village, the population was spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older.",
"The median age was 38 years.",
"For every 100 females there were 99.1 males.",
"For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.",
"The median income for a household in the village was $50,543, and the median income for a family was $58,149.",
"Males had a median income of $37,468 versus $25,439 for females.",
"The per capita income for the village was $22,236.",
"About 2.6% of families and 4.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.2% of those under age 18 and 11.0% of those age 65 or over.",
"Transportation [ edit]Airport [ edit]The Central Wisconsin Airport (KCWA) serves Rothschild, the county and surrounding communities with both scheduled commercial jet service and general aviation services.",
"Economy [ edit]Wausau Homes Inc and Wausau Tile have their headquarters in Rothschild.",
"One of the larger employers in Rothschild is the Domtar Paper Mill.",
"The mill was originally built between 1909 and 1910 by a group of local lumber barons.",
"The mill produced its first reel of paper in 1910 and was incorporated under the name Marathon Paper Mills.",
"At that time, the area that was to become Rothschild was still considered the Town of Weston.",
"However, the company built and maintained several homes, a community hall, boarding house and general store.",
"As the mill town grew around the paper mill, the area soon became incorporated as the village of Rothschild.",
"The paper mill has seen many upgrades over the years as well as changes in ownership.",
"In the 1950s, the American Can Company purchased Marathon Corporation.",
"In 1973, Weyerhaeuser purchased a large portion of the mill from American Can.",
"Then again, in the 2000s, Domtar purchased the mill from Weyerhaeuser.",
"At its heyday in the early 1970s, the mill employed over 1,000 workers, operating four paper machines.",
"Today, only one machine remains in operation.",
"Rothschild Area Branch Library [ edit]The library in Rothschild opened its doors in 1949 when the Rothschild Homemakers group worked with the county librarian to establish a branch library.",
"First located in a small cloak room in the village hall, it soon moved upstairs to a larger area.",
"When a fire destroyed the village hall in 1968, the village constructed a new building for the library and village offices.",
"In 1973 the Rothschild Branch Library became a branch of the newly formed Marathon County Public Library when the Wausau Public Library and Marathon County Library merged.",
"By 1998, the Village of Rothschild needed more office space and the library was in need of expansion.",
"This led to the construction of a new library/village hall complex completed in March 1999.",
"The Schofield and Rothschild Branch Libraries were merged to form a larger branch library that had more open hours and a larger collection.",
"References [ edit]^ a b \"\"US Gazetteer files 2010\"\".",
"United States Census Bureau.",
"Retrieved 2012-11-18.^ a b \"\"US Board on Geographic Names\"\".",
"United States Geological Survey.",
"2007-10-25.",
"Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ a b \"\"American Fact Finder\"\".",
"United States Census Bureau.",
"Retrieved 2012-11-18.^ a b \"\"Population and Housing Unit Estimates\"\".",
"Retrieved June 9, 2017.^ a b \"\"American Fact Finder\"\".",
"United States Census Bureau.",
"Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ \"\"Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Rothschild village, Wisconsin\"\".",
"U. S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder.",
"Retrieved September 10, 2012.^ \"\"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990\"\".",
"United States Census Bureau.",
"2011-02-12.",
"Retrieved 2011-04-23.^ \"\"Census of Population and Housing\"\".",
"Census.gov.",
"Retrieved June 4, 2015.",
"External links [ edit]Village of Rothschild official website [ hide]v t e Municipalities and communities of Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States County seat: Wausau Cities Abbotsford ‡ Colby ‡ Marshfield ‡ Mosinee Schofield Wausau Villages Athens Birnamwood ‡ Brokaw Dorchester ‡ Edgar Elderon Fenwood Hatley Kronenwetter Maine Marathon City Rothschild Spencer Stratford Unity ‡ Weston Towns Bergen Berlin Bern Bevent Brighton Cassel Cleveland Day Easton Eau Pleine Elderon Emmet Frankfort Franzen Green Valley Guenther Halsey Hamburg Harrison Hewitt Holton Hull Johnson Knowlton Marathon Mc Millan Mosinee Norrie Plover Reid Rib Falls Rib Mountain Rietbrock Ringle Spencer Stettin Texas Wausau Weston Wien CDPs Knowlton Rib Mountain Unincorporated communities Ashley Bevent Bradley Cherokee Corinth Dancy Emmerich Gad ‡ Galloway Glandon Granite Heights Halder Hamburg Hogarty Holt Ingersoll Johnson Kalinke Little Chicago Little Eau Claire Little Rose Mann March Rapids Mc Millan Milan Moon Mount View Naugart Norrie Nutterville Pike Lake Poniatowski Rangeline Rib Falls Ringle Rocky Corners Rozellville Schnappsville Shantytown Snell Sunset Swan Taegesville Weber Wien Wuertsburg Ghost towns/ neighborhoods Callon Staadts Stettin Ziegler Indian reservation Ho-Chunk Indian Reservation ‡Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties Categories: Villages in Wisconsin Villages in Marathon County, Wisconsin \""
] |
D400451
|
https://www.thebalance.com/home-buying-without-selling-home-1798998
|
Home Buying Without a Contingency to Sell an Existing Home
|
"Home Buying Selling Your Home Home Buying Without a Contingency to Sell an Existing Home What is the Risk to Buying a Home When Also Selling? Share Flip Pin Email•••By Elizabeth Weintraub Updated August 22, 2016Buying a home with a contingency to sell is not always as easy as it sounds. It's not selling your existing home that is generally the problem, it's the reluctance of some sellers to accept your purchase offer as a contingent sale. If you want to make your head really hurt, think about what happens when you buy a home that is contingent on your home selling, and the buyer for your home is buying with a contingency to sell that buyer's home. It's the domino affect. You can have Seller A (which is you), selling to Buyer B. Buyer B is selling Buyer's B's home to Buyer C, which makes Buyer B's performance contingent on Buyer C. If Buyer C cannot close, neither can Buyer B nor you. But if Buyer C is selling to Buyer D, you could have more problems. Because if Buyer D flakes out, the whole chain falls apart. A seller who accepts an offer under a domino sale like this is taking a greater risk than accepting an offer with only one contingency to sell because there are more ways the transaction can blow up. There are situations and types of real estate markets that might make it very difficult for a buyer with an existing home to sell to buy another home under a contingency of purchase. Because faced with selling to a buyer who has no contingency to sell or selling to a buyer with a contingency to sell, which is dependent on a third party's performance, which do you think a seller will choose? Which would you choose? Further, the Contingency of Purchase contract might allow the seller to keep that seller's home on the market and to openly try to find a backup buyer. In northern California, this type of status could be called Active with a Release Clause. It's basically a kick-out clause that says if the seller receives an acceptable back-up offer, the seller has the right to give the existing buyer 72-hours notice minimum to release the contingency to sell or cancel the contract. What does releasing the contingency to sell mean? It depends on the verbiage and contractual obligation. It could mean financially qualifying to buy the new home without selling the buyer's existing home. It could also mean moving forward on the belief the existing home will close and, if it doesn't close for some reason, the buyer's earnest money could be at risk for non-performance. Contracts usually contain some sort of good faith dealings and disclosures. This means you can't withhold pertinent information from a seller. If a buyer needs to sell a home in order to get the cash to close escrow, this important fact should be disclosed. A buyer most likely has a duty to disclose this fact. However, after disclosure, the buyer might be free to make an offer without a contingency to sell if the buyer is willing to take a risk. What is the usual risk? The risk is the buyer could be legally responsible for not closing the transaction as promised if the buyer's home does not close. Without a contingency to sell, there is no ""out clause"" for the buyer, apart from normal contingency periods for such things as appraisal, home inspections or a loan contingency. Buyers who consider this maneuver should obtain legal advice as well, and not rely on this article nor their real estate agent as a basis to buy a home when selling without a contingency for that sale. The financial risk could be the buyer's earnest money deposit or liquidated damages or some other form of compensation to the seller. In my experience, the question often comes down to the earnest money deposit -- will the buyer be entitled to a receive a refund of the earnest money deposit upon cancellation? That's another long article. Basically the bottom line is do the sellers want to be free to sell to another buyer or do they want to fight over the earnest money deposit? If the buyer wants the deposit and the seller does not want to release it, most escrow companies in California, for example, will allow the parties to cancel the transaction, leaving the deposit in dispute. However, both parties need to sign the cancellation. If one party refuses to sign the cancellation, and let's say that stubborn party is the buyer, the seller can find her hands tied. She can't be under contract to two buyers at the same time, so the seller might need to take legal action to get a release of contract. In these instances, the way this dispute is resolved, well, the seller typically releases the earnest money deposit. Which leads us back to the question: is the buyer's deposit at risk? That's a question for the buyer's lawyer to answer. At the time of writing, Elizabeth Weintraub, BRE # 00697006, is a Broker-Associate at Lyon Real Estate in Sacramento, California. "
|
[
"\"Home Buying Selling Your Home Home Buying Without a Contingency to Sell an Existing Home What is the Risk to Buying a Home When Also Selling?",
"Share Flip Pin Email•••By Elizabeth Weintraub Updated August 22, 2016Buying a home with a contingency to sell is not always as easy as it sounds.",
"It's not selling your existing home that is generally the problem, it's the reluctance of some sellers to accept your purchase offer as a contingent sale.",
"If you want to make your head really hurt, think about what happens when you buy a home that is contingent on your home selling, and the buyer for your home is buying with a contingency to sell that buyer's home.",
"It's the domino affect.",
"You can have Seller A (which is you), selling to Buyer B.",
"Buyer B is selling Buyer's B's home to Buyer C, which makes Buyer B's performance contingent on Buyer C. If Buyer C cannot close, neither can Buyer B nor you.",
"But if Buyer C is selling to Buyer D, you could have more problems.",
"Because if Buyer D flakes out, the whole chain falls apart.",
"A seller who accepts an offer under a domino sale like this is taking a greater risk than accepting an offer with only one contingency to sell because there are more ways the transaction can blow up.",
"There are situations and types of real estate markets that might make it very difficult for a buyer with an existing home to sell to buy another home under a contingency of purchase.",
"Because faced with selling to a buyer who has no contingency to sell or selling to a buyer with a contingency to sell, which is dependent on a third party's performance, which do you think a seller will choose?",
"Which would you choose?",
"Further, the Contingency of Purchase contract might allow the seller to keep that seller's home on the market and to openly try to find a backup buyer.",
"In northern California, this type of status could be called Active with a Release Clause.",
"It's basically a kick-out clause that says if the seller receives an acceptable back-up offer, the seller has the right to give the existing buyer 72-hours notice minimum to release the contingency to sell or cancel the contract.",
"What does releasing the contingency to sell mean?",
"It depends on the verbiage and contractual obligation.",
"It could mean financially qualifying to buy the new home without selling the buyer's existing home.",
"It could also mean moving forward on the belief the existing home will close and, if it doesn't close for some reason, the buyer's earnest money could be at risk for non-performance.",
"Contracts usually contain some sort of good faith dealings and disclosures.",
"This means you can't withhold pertinent information from a seller.",
"If a buyer needs to sell a home in order to get the cash to close escrow, this important fact should be disclosed.",
"A buyer most likely has a duty to disclose this fact.",
"However, after disclosure, the buyer might be free to make an offer without a contingency to sell if the buyer is willing to take a risk.",
"What is the usual risk?",
"The risk is the buyer could be legally responsible for not closing the transaction as promised if the buyer's home does not close.",
"Without a contingency to sell, there is no \"\"out clause\"\" for the buyer, apart from normal contingency periods for such things as appraisal, home inspections or a loan contingency.",
"Buyers who consider this maneuver should obtain legal advice as well, and not rely on this article nor their real estate agent as a basis to buy a home when selling without a contingency for that sale.",
"The financial risk could be the buyer's earnest money deposit or liquidated damages or some other form of compensation to the seller.",
"In my experience, the question often comes down to the earnest money deposit -- will the buyer be entitled to a receive a refund of the earnest money deposit upon cancellation?",
"That's another long article.",
"Basically the bottom line is do the sellers want to be free to sell to another buyer or do they want to fight over the earnest money deposit?",
"If the buyer wants the deposit and the seller does not want to release it, most escrow companies in California, for example, will allow the parties to cancel the transaction, leaving the deposit in dispute.",
"However, both parties need to sign the cancellation.",
"If one party refuses to sign the cancellation, and let's say that stubborn party is the buyer, the seller can find her hands tied.",
"She can't be under contract to two buyers at the same time, so the seller might need to take legal action to get a release of contract.",
"In these instances, the way this dispute is resolved, well, the seller typically releases the earnest money deposit.",
"Which leads us back to the question: is the buyer's deposit at risk?",
"That's a question for the buyer's lawyer to answer.",
"At the time of writing, Elizabeth Weintraub, BRE # 00697006, is a Broker-Associate at Lyon Real Estate in Sacramento, California. \""
] |
D2808763
|
http://www.liquors44.com/Beer-Wine-Spirits-Specials/Beer/coors-amp-coors-light-30-pack-cans
|
Beer
|
"Beer Coors & Coors Light 30-Pack Cans Retail Price: $23.99Sale Price: $22.99+ dep Product Description Coors Light The ""Silver Bullet"", first brewed in 1978 as a low calorie beer. It is Coors' top selling brand, and the third-best selling beer in the United States. It has won several medals for ""American-Style Light Beer"" at the Great American Beer Festival, and is the official beer sponsor of the NFL. In 2006, a ""frost brew liner"", referring to the ""Frost Brewed"" branding, was introduced. Coors Light bottles and cans feature a cold temperature sensitive label using Chromazone ink. When the mountains on the label turn blue, the beer is at optimal drinking temperature. Coors The ""Banquet Beer"", also known as ""Coors Original"" is the oldest brand in the Coors portfolio, first brewed in 1874, and has been given awards at World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, and at the Great American Beer Festival in 2004.« Back to Specials "
|
[
"\"Beer Coors & Coors Light 30-Pack Cans Retail Price: $23.99Sale Price: $22.99+ dep Product Description Coors Light The \"\"Silver Bullet\"\", first brewed in 1978 as a low calorie beer.",
"It is Coors' top selling brand, and the third-best selling beer in the United States.",
"It has won several medals for \"\"American-Style Light Beer\"\" at the Great American Beer Festival, and is the official beer sponsor of the NFL.",
"In 2006, a \"\"frost brew liner\"\", referring to the \"\"Frost Brewed\"\" branding, was introduced.",
"Coors Light bottles and cans feature a cold temperature sensitive label using Chromazone ink.",
"When the mountains on the label turn blue, the beer is at optimal drinking temperature.",
"Coors The \"\"Banquet Beer\"\", also known as \"\"Coors Original\"\" is the oldest brand in the Coors portfolio, first brewed in 1874, and has been given awards at World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, and at the Great American Beer Festival in 2004.« Back to Specials \""
] |
D2646289
|
http://www.home-remedies-for-you.com/health-tips/ways-to-cure-skin-fungus-infection.html
|
Skin Fungus Home Remedies
|
Home Health Tips Ways to Cure Skin Fungus Infection Tweet Skin Fungus Home Remedies Skin fungus is a highly contagious infection which can be transmitted to another person on contact. It is very important to treat the infected area as it may spread on the entire body and cause other complications. There are various types of skin infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, Jock itch and many more. The general symptoms of these skin infections include itching, rashes, redness, skin shedding and sometimes bleeding. Sometimes fungus is easily visible but most of the times, the fungus is present in the first layer of the skin. Skin infections are common in the feet area and its main cause is moistness. Due to sweat, germs and bacteria are accumulated on the skin. Sweat is usually accumulated because of shoes worn for long period of time. On a usual basis, the healing process for skin fungus take about two weeks after the treatment has started. If the skin shows no improvement, it is highly recommended to consult a dermatologist as it might be a serious problem. Home remedies are the best methods of treating skin fungus. Best Methods and Remedies First and foremost, wash your skin with an antiseptic soap before starting the treatment. This will eliminate the dirt and germs that are accumulated on it. After cleansing the skin, dry it with either a dry cloth or a hair dryer. It is very important to keep the skin clean and dry at all times so that the fungus does not spread. This treatment should be conducted every time you remove your footwear as feet are the main breeding ground for skin fungus. This is considered to be the first step to skin fungus home remedies. Another skin fungus home remedy would be to get rid of the dead skin as soon as you see it. Dead skin is also another reason for the spread of fungus. In case of ringworm, apply apple cider vinegar on a cotton ball and gently massage on the infected area. Practice this method three to four times in a day and you will see the ringworm reducing in a week. Another skin fungus remedy is to use a small amount of nail polish on the infected area. The nail polish will dry the area immediately and healing will be much faster. These are some of the best known skin fungus remedies. Precautions & Prevention Apart from the remedies, there are a few precautions you need to keep in mind so that the skin fungus does not appear again. It is highly advisable to remove your footwear whenever you get a chance. Because of sweat, the feet remain moist which becomes a breeding ground for fungi. Apply baby powder before putting on your socks and shoes. Dry the feet immediately after washing it properly with soap. Use an antiperspirant to keep your feet dry at all times. It is also recommended not to use the same footwear two days in a row. Use alternate pairs so that the previous pair has enough time to dry itself. Skin fungus treatment should be started as soon as possible in order to avoid severe problems. Skin fungus is a very common condition, but unfortunately, it is very hard to recognize. There are many skin fungus remedies that can help treat skin fungus. However, the biggest hurdle to treatment is the fact that the condition is very hard to diagnose. Unlike bacterial infections and allergies, skin fungus does not leave a lot of telltale signs. For instance, skin fungus does not cause blisters and boils. Instead, it can cause slight discoloration of the skin or small itchy rashes, which may go completely unnoticed. Fortunately, even though fungal infections cannot be so easily diagnosed, they can be treated using a broad spectrum antifungal medication. There are several types of skin fungus, based on which the symptoms can appear. Symptoms are usually different for different fungal infections, but the treatment for all is usually the same. Skin fungus that causes white spots on the face, for instance, could be caused by a fungal infection known as tinea versicolor. Athlete’s foot and jock itch are some of the other types of skin fungus infections that can cause discomfort. Athlete’s foot is a very common condition and one that affects 75% of the world population at some point in their lives. This fungal infection occurs between the toes, causing rashes and itching in the skin between them. This condition is usually seen in on the skin between the third, fourth, and the fifth toes. Sometimes, the infection may even spread further, causing the heels of the feet to have itchy rashes. The skin between the toes often becomes white and moist due to this condition. The skin may also rub off rather easily. Jock itch is another kind of skin fungal infection in which the fungus begins to grow in the groin area. This fungal infection is usually caused when the skin remains damp due to sweat. Tight fitting clothes, which cut off the air supply to the skin, may aggravate the condition. This fungal infection may not have skin fungus’ white spots, which are characteristic of tinea versicolor. Ringworm is another skin fungal infection. Fortunately, this kind of skin infection is very easy to identify and can be immediately recognized due to the round rash that it forms on the skin. The name ringworm is actually a misnomer, and many people think that the ring shaped rash is caused due to a worm, when it is actually due to a fungal strain. Skin fungus treatment is usually the same no matter which type of fungus you are dealing with. A skin fungus rash may be treated only after a few days of medication. The doctor may give you a medicated cream or ointment to use on the affected area. The same medication may be used for other skin fungus symptoms as well. You can also use selsun blue for skin fungus along with other remedies. However, the best skin fungus home remedy is to keep the skin clean and dry so that the fungus does not spread to other parts of the skin. How to Get Rid of Skin Fungus If you are wondering how to cure skin fungus, the answer is rather simple. Skin fungus is the easiest of all ailments to cure. Before you start any treatment or skin fungus remedies, you must ensure that your skin is clean and dry. There may be dirt and germs accumulated on your skin that should be eliminated by washing thoroughly first. The fungus will not spread if you have cleansed the skin thoroughly. For feet, toes and the groin region, it is important to wash thoroughly and keep the skin dry. A lot of people what to know how to get rid of skin fungus fast. However, like all other treatments, the treatment of skin fungus also takes its time, though the prognosis is usually very good in all cases. Exfoliating regularly and allowing dead skin to slough off can help contain the spread of fungus. For skin fungus’ white spots, treatment can be performed using apple cider vinegar. In case you have ringworm, simply apply some apple cider vinegar on the affected skin and allow it to heal. You can use a ball of cotton to gently massage the apple cider vinegar into the skin. This method can be practiced several times a day, and you can see favorable results in a matter of a week. Skin fungus on the back or on the feet can also be cured using this method. Skin fungus white spots treatment can also be done using the same method. The white spots on the face or other parts of the body are caused by a condition known as tinea versicolor. In tinea versicolor, the fungus causes the melanocytes of the skin to stop producing melanin. This condition can be very difficult to manage, if not treated right away. For skin fungus cure in this condition, antifungal ointments, or a tea tree oil ointment can help. Tea tree oil, which is known to be one of the most effective solutions for fungal infections, can be effectively used mixed with some carrier oil. Skin fungus on the back may be due to sweaty clothes. Maintaining good hygiene and wearing loose fitting cotton clothes, which allow air to pass through, can really help prevent any skin fungus conditions. Hydrogen peroxide is also considered a good treatment for fungal infections. Soak yourself twice a day in a solution of water and hydrogen peroxide. The peroxide solution kills off the fungal strains. Your skin may be sensitive to peroxide at first. Therefore, it is best to use a very dilute solution of peroxide when you first use it. If you can’t find hydrogen peroxide, you can also use facial or skin bleach to kill off the microbes. If your skin gets irritated to bleach, try an herbal bleach formulation on the sensitive skin. You can also use essential oils such as garlic oil, tea tree oil, and oregano essential oil to kill off the fungus that is growing on your skin. However, do get the instructions to use these oils from a certified aroma therapist before you begin using them. Tweet
|
[
"Home Health Tips Ways to Cure Skin Fungus Infection Tweet Skin Fungus Home Remedies Skin fungus is a highly contagious infection which can be transmitted to another person on contact.",
"It is very important to treat the infected area as it may spread on the entire body and cause other complications.",
"There are various types of skin infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, Jock itch and many more.",
"The general symptoms of these skin infections include itching, rashes, redness, skin shedding and sometimes bleeding.",
"Sometimes fungus is easily visible but most of the times, the fungus is present in the first layer of the skin.",
"Skin infections are common in the feet area and its main cause is moistness.",
"Due to sweat, germs and bacteria are accumulated on the skin.",
"Sweat is usually accumulated because of shoes worn for long period of time.",
"On a usual basis, the healing process for skin fungus take about two weeks after the treatment has started.",
"If the skin shows no improvement, it is highly recommended to consult a dermatologist as it might be a serious problem.",
"Home remedies are the best methods of treating skin fungus.",
"Best Methods and Remedies First and foremost, wash your skin with an antiseptic soap before starting the treatment.",
"This will eliminate the dirt and germs that are accumulated on it.",
"After cleansing the skin, dry it with either a dry cloth or a hair dryer.",
"It is very important to keep the skin clean and dry at all times so that the fungus does not spread.",
"This treatment should be conducted every time you remove your footwear as feet are the main breeding ground for skin fungus.",
"This is considered to be the first step to skin fungus home remedies.",
"Another skin fungus home remedy would be to get rid of the dead skin as soon as you see it.",
"Dead skin is also another reason for the spread of fungus.",
"In case of ringworm, apply apple cider vinegar on a cotton ball and gently massage on the infected area.",
"Practice this method three to four times in a day and you will see the ringworm reducing in a week.",
"Another skin fungus remedy is to use a small amount of nail polish on the infected area.",
"The nail polish will dry the area immediately and healing will be much faster.",
"These are some of the best known skin fungus remedies.",
"Precautions & Prevention Apart from the remedies, there are a few precautions you need to keep in mind so that the skin fungus does not appear again.",
"It is highly advisable to remove your footwear whenever you get a chance.",
"Because of sweat, the feet remain moist which becomes a breeding ground for fungi.",
"Apply baby powder before putting on your socks and shoes.",
"Dry the feet immediately after washing it properly with soap.",
"Use an antiperspirant to keep your feet dry at all times.",
"It is also recommended not to use the same footwear two days in a row.",
"Use alternate pairs so that the previous pair has enough time to dry itself.",
"Skin fungus treatment should be started as soon as possible in order to avoid severe problems.",
"Skin fungus is a very common condition, but unfortunately, it is very hard to recognize.",
"There are many skin fungus remedies that can help treat skin fungus.",
"However, the biggest hurdle to treatment is the fact that the condition is very hard to diagnose.",
"Unlike bacterial infections and allergies, skin fungus does not leave a lot of telltale signs.",
"For instance, skin fungus does not cause blisters and boils.",
"Instead, it can cause slight discoloration of the skin or small itchy rashes, which may go completely unnoticed.",
"Fortunately, even though fungal infections cannot be so easily diagnosed, they can be treated using a broad spectrum antifungal medication.",
"There are several types of skin fungus, based on which the symptoms can appear.",
"Symptoms are usually different for different fungal infections, but the treatment for all is usually the same.",
"Skin fungus that causes white spots on the face, for instance, could be caused by a fungal infection known as tinea versicolor.",
"Athlete’s foot and jock itch are some of the other types of skin fungus infections that can cause discomfort.",
"Athlete’s foot is a very common condition and one that affects 75% of the world population at some point in their lives.",
"This fungal infection occurs between the toes, causing rashes and itching in the skin between them.",
"This condition is usually seen in on the skin between the third, fourth, and the fifth toes.",
"Sometimes, the infection may even spread further, causing the heels of the feet to have itchy rashes.",
"The skin between the toes often becomes white and moist due to this condition.",
"The skin may also rub off rather easily.",
"Jock itch is another kind of skin fungal infection in which the fungus begins to grow in the groin area.",
"This fungal infection is usually caused when the skin remains damp due to sweat.",
"Tight fitting clothes, which cut off the air supply to the skin, may aggravate the condition.",
"This fungal infection may not have skin fungus’ white spots, which are characteristic of tinea versicolor.",
"Ringworm is another skin fungal infection.",
"Fortunately, this kind of skin infection is very easy to identify and can be immediately recognized due to the round rash that it forms on the skin.",
"The name ringworm is actually a misnomer, and many people think that the ring shaped rash is caused due to a worm, when it is actually due to a fungal strain.",
"Skin fungus treatment is usually the same no matter which type of fungus you are dealing with.",
"A skin fungus rash may be treated only after a few days of medication.",
"The doctor may give you a medicated cream or ointment to use on the affected area.",
"The same medication may be used for other skin fungus symptoms as well.",
"You can also use selsun blue for skin fungus along with other remedies.",
"However, the best skin fungus home remedy is to keep the skin clean and dry so that the fungus does not spread to other parts of the skin.",
"How to Get Rid of Skin Fungus If you are wondering how to cure skin fungus, the answer is rather simple.",
"Skin fungus is the easiest of all ailments to cure.",
"Before you start any treatment or skin fungus remedies, you must ensure that your skin is clean and dry.",
"There may be dirt and germs accumulated on your skin that should be eliminated by washing thoroughly first.",
"The fungus will not spread if you have cleansed the skin thoroughly.",
"For feet, toes and the groin region, it is important to wash thoroughly and keep the skin dry.",
"A lot of people what to know how to get rid of skin fungus fast.",
"However, like all other treatments, the treatment of skin fungus also takes its time, though the prognosis is usually very good in all cases.",
"Exfoliating regularly and allowing dead skin to slough off can help contain the spread of fungus.",
"For skin fungus’ white spots, treatment can be performed using apple cider vinegar.",
"In case you have ringworm, simply apply some apple cider vinegar on the affected skin and allow it to heal.",
"You can use a ball of cotton to gently massage the apple cider vinegar into the skin.",
"This method can be practiced several times a day, and you can see favorable results in a matter of a week.",
"Skin fungus on the back or on the feet can also be cured using this method.",
"Skin fungus white spots treatment can also be done using the same method.",
"The white spots on the face or other parts of the body are caused by a condition known as tinea versicolor.",
"In tinea versicolor, the fungus causes the melanocytes of the skin to stop producing melanin.",
"This condition can be very difficult to manage, if not treated right away.",
"For skin fungus cure in this condition, antifungal ointments, or a tea tree oil ointment can help.",
"Tea tree oil, which is known to be one of the most effective solutions for fungal infections, can be effectively used mixed with some carrier oil.",
"Skin fungus on the back may be due to sweaty clothes.",
"Maintaining good hygiene and wearing loose fitting cotton clothes, which allow air to pass through, can really help prevent any skin fungus conditions.",
"Hydrogen peroxide is also considered a good treatment for fungal infections.",
"Soak yourself twice a day in a solution of water and hydrogen peroxide.",
"The peroxide solution kills off the fungal strains.",
"Your skin may be sensitive to peroxide at first.",
"Therefore, it is best to use a very dilute solution of peroxide when you first use it.",
"If you can’t find hydrogen peroxide, you can also use facial or skin bleach to kill off the microbes.",
"If your skin gets irritated to bleach, try an herbal bleach formulation on the sensitive skin.",
"You can also use essential oils such as garlic oil, tea tree oil, and oregano essential oil to kill off the fungus that is growing on your skin.",
"However, do get the instructions to use these oils from a certified aroma therapist before you begin using them.",
"Tweet"
] |
D3204860
|
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/greenhouse
|
greenhouse
|
"greenhouse Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to greenhouse: Greenhouse gases, greenhouse effectgreen·house (grēn′hous′)n.1. A structure, primarily of glass or sheets of clear plastic, in which temperature and humiditycan be controlled for the cultivation or protection of plants.2. Slang A clear plastic bubble or shell covering part of an aircraft. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.greenhouse ( ˈɡriːnˌhaʊs) n (Botany) a building with transparent walls and roof, usually of glass, for the cultivation andexhibition of plants under controlled conditions Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © Harper Collins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014green•house (ˈgrinˌhaʊs)n., pl. -hous•es (-ˌhaʊ zɪz)a building, room, or area, usu. chiefly of glass, in which the temperature is maintained within a desired range, used for cultivating tender plants or growing plants out of season. [1655–65]Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved. Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Switch to new thesaurus Noun 1. greenhouse - a building with glass walls and roof; for thecultivation and exhibition of plants under controlled conditionsglasshouse, nurserybuilding, edifice - a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or lesspermanently in one place; ""there was a three-story building on the corner""; ""it was an imposing edifice""hothouse, indoor garden, conservatory - a greenhouse in which plants arearranged in a pleasing mannerorangery - a place where oranges are grown; a plantation of orange trees in warmclimes or a greenhouse in cooler areas Adj. 1. greenhouse - of or relating to or caused by the greenhouse effect; ""greenhouse gases""Based on Word Net 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.greenhousenoun glasshouse, conservatory, hothouse Take some cuttings and over-winter them in thegreenhouse. Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © Harper Collins Publishers 1995, 2002Translations Select a language:invernaderogreenhouse [ˈgriːnhaʊs]A. N ( greenhouses ( pl)) [ˈgriːnhaʊzɪz] → invernadero m B. CPD greenhouse effect N → efecto m invernaderogreenhouse gas N → gas m invernadero Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © Harper Collins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005green ( griːn) adjective1. of the colour of growing grass or the leaves of most plants. a green hat. verde2. not ripe. green bananas. verde3. without experience. Only someone as green as you would believe a story like that. verde, novato; crédulo4. looking as if one is about to be sick; very pale. He was green with envy (= very jealous). verdenoun1. the colour of grass or the leaves of plants. the green of the trees in summer. verde, verdor2. something ( eg paint) green in colour. I've used up all my green. verde3. an area of grass. a village green. césped4. an area of grass on a golf course with a small hole in the centre. green5. concerned with the protection of the environment. green issues; a green political party. verdeˈgreenish adjectiveclose to green. a greenish dress. verdosogreens noun pluralgreen vegetables. Children are often told that they must eat their greens. verdurasˈgreenfly – plural ˈgreenfly – nouna type of small, green insect. The leaves of this rose tree have been eaten by greenfly. pulgónˈgreengage ( -geidʒ) nouna greenish-yellow type of plum. ciruela claudiaˈgreengrocer nouna person who sells fruit and vegetables. verduleroˈgreenhouse nouna building usually of glass, in which plants are grown. invernáculo, invernaderoˈgreenhouse effect noun ( singular) the gradual heating of the atmosphere caused by air pollution which traps energy from the sun. efecto invernaderothe green lightpermission to begin. We can't start until he gives us the green light. luz verde Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.greenhouse→ invernadero Multilingual Translator © Harper Collins Publishers 2009Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: Facebook Twitter "
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[
"\"greenhouse Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.",
"Related to greenhouse: Greenhouse gases, greenhouse effectgreen·house (grēn′hous′)n.1.",
"A structure, primarily of glass or sheets of clear plastic, in which temperature and humiditycan be controlled for the cultivation or protection of plants.2.",
"Slang A clear plastic bubble or shell covering part of an aircraft.",
"American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition.",
"Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.",
"Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.",
"All rights reserved.greenhouse ( ˈɡriːnˌhaʊs) n (Botany) a building with transparent walls and roof, usually of glass, for the cultivation andexhibition of plants under controlled conditions Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © Harper Collins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014green•house (ˈgrinˌhaʊs)n., pl.",
"-hous•es (-ˌhaʊ zɪz)a building, room, or area, usu.",
"chiefly of glass, in which the temperature is maintained within a desired range, used for cultivating tender plants or growing plants out of season.",
"[1655–65]Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd.",
"Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.",
"Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Switch to new thesaurus Noun 1. greenhouse - a building with glass walls and roof; for thecultivation and exhibition of plants under controlled conditionsglasshouse, nurserybuilding, edifice - a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or lesspermanently in one place; \"\"there was a three-story building on the corner\"\"; \"\"it was an imposing edifice\"\"hothouse, indoor garden, conservatory - a greenhouse in which plants arearranged in a pleasing mannerorangery - a place where oranges are grown; a plantation of orange trees in warmclimes or a greenhouse in cooler areas Adj.",
"1. greenhouse - of or relating to or caused by the greenhouse effect; \"\"greenhouse gases\"\"Based on Word Net 3.0, Farlex clipart collection.",
"© 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.greenhousenoun glasshouse, conservatory, hothouse Take some cuttings and over-winter them in thegreenhouse.",
"Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition.",
"2002 © Harper Collins Publishers 1995, 2002Translations Select a language:invernaderogreenhouse [ˈgriːnhaʊs]A. N ( greenhouses ( pl)) [ˈgriːnhaʊzɪz] → invernadero m B. CPD greenhouse effect N → efecto m invernaderogreenhouse gas N → gas m invernadero Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © Harper Collins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005green ( griːn) adjective1.",
"of the colour of growing grass or the leaves of most plants.",
"a green hat.",
"verde2.",
"not ripe.",
"green bananas.",
"verde3.",
"without experience.",
"Only someone as green as you would believe a story like that.",
"verde, novato; crédulo4.",
"looking as if one is about to be sick; very pale.",
"He was green with envy (= very jealous).",
"verdenoun1.",
"the colour of grass or the leaves of plants.",
"the green of the trees in summer.",
"verde, verdor2.",
"something ( eg paint) green in colour.",
"I've used up all my green.",
"verde3.",
"an area of grass.",
"a village green.",
"césped4.",
"an area of grass on a golf course with a small hole in the centre.",
"green5.",
"concerned with the protection of the environment.",
"green issues; a green political party.",
"verdeˈgreenish adjectiveclose to green.",
"a greenish dress.",
"verdosogreens noun pluralgreen vegetables.",
"Children are often told that they must eat their greens.",
"verdurasˈgreenfly – plural ˈgreenfly – nouna type of small, green insect.",
"The leaves of this rose tree have been eaten by greenfly.",
"pulgónˈgreengage ( -geidʒ) nouna greenish-yellow type of plum.",
"ciruela claudiaˈgreengrocer nouna person who sells fruit and vegetables.",
"verduleroˈgreenhouse nouna building usually of glass, in which plants are grown.",
"invernáculo, invernaderoˈgreenhouse effect noun ( singular) the gradual heating of the atmosphere caused by air pollution which traps energy from the sun.",
"efecto invernaderothe green lightpermission to begin.",
"We can't start until he gives us the green light.",
"luz verde Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.greenhouse→ invernadero Multilingual Translator © Harper Collins Publishers 2009Want to thank TFD for its existence?",
"Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content .",
"Link to this page: Facebook Twitter \""
] |
D2585706
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http://www.bankrouting.org/number-263182558.html
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Routing Number 263182558
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"ENVISION CREDIT UNION ROUTING ABA NUMBER263182558 routing number is a 9-digit number designed and assigned to Envision Credit Union by The American Bankers Association (ABA) to identify the financial institution upon which a payment was drawn. Envision Credit Union routing numbers are also known as as ""ABA numbers"", ""routing transit numbers"" (RTN), or ""check routing numbers"". Routing numbers depend on the type of transaction made such as reorder Envision Credit Union checks, receive incoming domestic or international wire transfers, use the number for wire transfers to your Envision Credit Union account, or to set up direct deposits. Please call Envision Credit Union representative at (850) 942-9000 for more information. Routing Number: 263182558440 NORTH MONROE STREET TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301-0000Phone Number: (850) 942-9000ABA 263182558 address lookup. Envision Credit Union routing number in Tallahassee, FL. Browse Envision Credit Union Branch Locations Add Comment Help your peers evaluate Envision Credit Union, enter your comment about your experience with Envision Credit Union below. ( Please enter all fields and security code. )Comment Verification Search - Search for a bank's routing number, branch locations and more. Browse - Browse through our bank's routing number database. List - View bank locations and routing numbers by listing. "
|
[
"\"ENVISION CREDIT UNION ROUTING ABA NUMBER263182558 routing number is a 9-digit number designed and assigned to Envision Credit Union by The American Bankers Association (ABA) to identify the financial institution upon which a payment was drawn.",
"Envision Credit Union routing numbers are also known as as \"\"ABA numbers\"\", \"\"routing transit numbers\"\" (RTN), or \"\"check routing numbers\"\".",
"Routing numbers depend on the type of transaction made such as reorder Envision Credit Union checks, receive incoming domestic or international wire transfers, use the number for wire transfers to your Envision Credit Union account, or to set up direct deposits.",
"Please call Envision Credit Union representative at (850) 942-9000 for more information.",
"Routing Number: 263182558440 NORTH MONROE STREET TALLAHASSEE, FL 32301-0000Phone Number: (850) 942-9000ABA 263182558 address lookup.",
"Envision Credit Union routing number in Tallahassee, FL.",
"Browse Envision Credit Union Branch Locations Add Comment Help your peers evaluate Envision Credit Union, enter your comment about your experience with Envision Credit Union below.",
"( Please enter all fields and security code.",
")Comment Verification Search - Search for a bank's routing number, branch locations and more.",
"Browse - Browse through our bank's routing number database.",
"List - View bank locations and routing numbers by listing. \""
] |
D328378
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peters,_Missouri
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St. Peters, Missouri
|
"St. Peters, Missouri From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search St. Peters, Missouri City City Centre Park near City Hall Seal Location of St. Peters in Missouri Coordinates: 38°46′44″N 90°36′11″WCoordinates: 38°46′44″N 90°36′11″WIncorporated 1910Government• Mayor Len Pagano Area [1]• Total 22.37 sq mi (57.94 km 2)• Land 22.37 sq mi (57.94 km 2)• Water 0 sq mi (0 km 2)Population ( 2010) [2]• Total 52,575• Estimate (2016) [3] 57,289• Density 2,400/sq mi (910/km 2)Time zone CST ( UTC-6)• Summer ( DST) CDT ( UTC-5)ZIP code 63376, 63304, 63303Area code (s) 636Website stpetersmo.net St. Peters is a city in St. Charles County, Missouri, United States. The 2010 census showed the city's population to be 52,575 tied for 10th with Blue Springs, Missouri. Interstate 70 passes through the city, providing a major transportation link. In 2008 St. Peters was named the 60th best place to live by Money magazine, putting it at the top in the state of Missouri. [4] It also ranked in Money magazine's Top 100 in 2010 and 2012. The ""Rec-Plex"" in St. Peters is an award-winning recreation and fitness complex that underwent an $18.5 million expansion in 2007. [5] The city also hosts the county's largest shopping center, Mid Rivers Mall. Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Geography3 Demographics3.1 2010 census3.2 2000 census4 Government5 Education6 Civic facilities7 Parks and recreation7.1 Climate8 References9 External links History [ edit]Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the area that would become St. Peters was inhabited by Mississippian mound builders. The remains of a village were uncovered during the construction of I-70 in 1954 and a street near the site was later named Mound Drive after the mounds built by the villagers. [6]One of the first documented sources about European settlers in the area is a Spanish census from 1791, which documented a land grant. [7]St. Peters was named for a Jesuit mission established there. [8]In 1895, music was a binding factor for the area, with a well-known cornet band. [9]Throughout most of the twentieth century, St. Peters was a small farming town. As recently as 1970, St. Peters had a population of only 486. [6] The population rapidly increased to 15,700 by 1980 and within the span of a decade the community changed from a small rural town to a more suburban community. [6] The city continued its rapid growth through the 1980s and by 1990 had a population of 40,660. [6] St. Peters population increased to an estimated 52,575 as of 2010. St. Peters celebrated its 50th year as a city in 2009, and marked its 100th year as a town in 2010, having become a town in 1910 and a city in 1959. [10]Geography [ edit]St. Peters is located at 38°46′44″N 90°36′11″W (38.778893, -90.603131). [11] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.37 square miles (57.94 km 2 ), all of it land. [1]Demographics [ edit]Historical population Census Pop. %±1880 334 —1910 269 —1920 358 33.1%1930 248 −30.7%1940 305 23.0%1950 377 23.6%1960 404 7.2%1970 486 20.3%1980 15,700 3,130.5%1990 45,779 191.6%2000 51,381 12.2%2010 52,575 2.3%Est. 2016 57,289 [3] 9.0%U. S. Decennial Census2010 census [ edit]As of the census [2] of 2010, there were 52,575 people, 20,861 households, and 14,244 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,350.2 inhabitants per square mile (907.4/km 2 ). There were 21,717 housing units at an average density of 970.8 per square mile (374.8/km 2 ). The racial makeup of the city was 91.7% White, 3.7% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population. There were 20,861 households of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.7% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age in the city was 38.8 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.9% were from 25 to 44; 30% were from 45 to 64; and 11.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.2% male and 51.8% female.2000 census [ edit]As of the census [12] of 2000, there were 51,381 people, 18,435 households, and 13,936 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,425.5 people per square mile (936.7/km²). There were 18,776 housing units at an average density of 886.3 per square mile (342.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 94.25% White, 2.80% African American, 0.20% Native American, 1.23% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 1.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.49% of the population. There were 18,435 households out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.8% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were non-families. 20.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.24. In the city the population was spread out with 30.0% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $57,898, and the median income for a family was $65,123. Males had a median income of $45,497 versus $30,295 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,792. About 1.5% of families and 2.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.6% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over. Government [ edit]St. Peters City Hall Citizens elect a mayor and eight aldermen (two for each of four wards) to govern the city. [13] The Mayor and Board of Aldermen appoint individuals to the positions of City Collector, [14] City Clerk, [15] and City Treasurer. [16] A Municipal Judge of the 11th Judicial Circuit, also known as the St. Peters Municipal Court, has a four-year term. [17] A City Administrator also works closely with the Mayor and Board of Aldermen. [18]The Board of Aldermen meets on the second and fourth Thursdays of each month, except the months of June, July, November and December when one meeting is held each month on a date scheduled with the Mayor. [19]City elections are held in April, per Missouri law for elected officials. Propositions may be voted upon at these elections, or others held in February, August or November. [20]Mayor – Len Pagano Aldermen Ward 1 – Dave Thomas & Rocky Reitmeyer Ward 2 – Judy Bateman & Jerry Hollingsworth Ward 3 – Terri Violet & Michael Shea Ward 4 – Don Aytes & Patrick Barclay [21]Education [ edit]Three public high schools are within St. Peters city limits: Fort Zumwalt South High School with an enrollment of 1,700 students, Francis Howell North High School (2,100 students), and Fort Zumwalt East High School (1,100 students) which opened in 2007. Some high school students from St. Peters attend schools in surrounding communities such as Francis Howell Central High School in neighboring Cottleville, and Fort Zumwalt North and Fort Zumwalt West High Schools in O'Fallon. Other public schools in the city include Fairmount, Hawthorn, Lewis & Clark, Mid Rivers, Progress South, St. Peters, and Warren Elementary Schools; plus Du Bray, and Fort Zumwalt South Middle Schools. The city limits also contain the private high school Lutheran High School of St Charles County. Civic facilities [ edit]The St. Peters Rec-Plex, a 236,000 sq ft (21,900 m 2) family recreation and athletic training complex, is situated next to St. Peters City Hall. The Rec-Plex hosted the 2004 Olympic Diving Trials [5] and is recognized as one of the USA's premier diving facilities. [22]St. Peters is home to Barnes-Jewish St. Peters Hospital, the county's second busiest after St. Joseph Health Center in St. Charles. Barnes-Jewish serves a large portion of St. Charles County, Lincoln County, and Pike County; it is St. Charles County's second largest hospital, with 175 rooms, and a satellite location of the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center. The Spencer Road Branch library, the largest and busiest within the St. Charles City-County Library District, is in St. Peters. [23]The city's ""Recycle City"" opened in April 1997 [24] and has the ability to recycle various types of material which is then sold to companies that use recycled goods in products. In 2007, Recycle City recycled 12,522,767 pounds of material. Parks and recreation [ edit]St. Peters has the most extensive park system in St. Charles county. The city has over 1,000 acres (4,000,000 m 2) of parks and trails. Outdoor amenities available to park users include: recreation trails, playgrounds, picnic shelters and pavilions, athletic fields, fishing ponds, and landscape areas. Brookmount Park - A 5-acre (20,000 m 2) park that offers a one-mile pedestrian trail and playground designed for toddlers and small children. Brown Road Park - A 23-acre (93,000 m 2) park that features three baseball diamonds, a football field, a picnic pavilion, a BMX track, and a playground City Centre Park - A 78-acre (320,000 m 2) park near City Hall that includes the following recreation amenities: three baseball diamonds, a soccer/football field, biking and hiking trails, an inclusive playground for kids, and a picnic pavilion with barbecue grills. The park also features a grass outdoor amphitheater for music and the performing arts. Community Park - A 11-acre (45,000 m 2) a new park in St. Peters offering soccer fields and baseball diamonds. Country Creek Trail - A 6-acre (24,000 m 2) quiet park running along Spencer Creek. Covenant Park - A 7.5-acre (30,000 m 2) park which includes a ball diamond, basketball court, two tennis courts, a playground, picnic tables, a barbecue grill and multipurpose trails. Dardenne Park - A 3-acre (12,000 m 2) park tucked away in a sheltered wooded corner next to Dardenne Creek, offering visitors with an expansive new playground, a paved pedestrian trail, and quick access to an 18-hole municipal golf course. Glen Travis Park - A 12.5-acre (51,000 m 2) scenic natural area where you observe wildlife. St. Peters Golf & Recreation Center - A 145-acre (590,000 m 2) park and golf course that offers tennis courts, a 13-acre fishing lake, a swimming pool, and 18 hole golf course.370 Lakeside Park - A 300-acre (1,200,000 m 2) park that includes a 140-acre recreational lake with fishing and boating, including a canoe channel, family picnic areas, park pavilions, walking trails surrounding the lake, large playgrounds, an RV park, campgrounds for organized groups, a recreational beach, and a dog park. This is St. Peters' newest park, having opened on May 19, 2011. It hosts a Celebrate St. Peters festival in mid-September. [25]Laurel Park - A 47-acre (190,000 m 2) park that offers a large playground, two ball diamonds, two soccer/football fields, two sand volleyball courts, a basketball court, four horseshoe pits, two picnic pavilions and a multipurpose trail system around the perimeter of the park. Laurel Park is also home to an outdoor swimming pool, two lakes and a roller hockey court. Lone Wolff Park - An 8.5-acre (34,000 m 2) quiet rural setting offering visitors a small pavilion and a competitive horse arena. The site is located adjacent to Brown Road Park and within easy walking distance of Old Town and Sports Center Parks. Oak Creek - A 2.5-acre (10,000 m 2) park which happens to be the smallest neighborhood park in the St. Peters park system. It provides nearby residents with a playground and several picnic tables in a pleasant, two-acre setting. Old Town Park - An 8-acre (32,000 m 2) park and St. Peters' first. More than 100 years old, this park is still a favorite of the community, offering two ball diamonds, four horseshoe pits, two pavilions and a playground. Old Town Park is also home to the annual St. Peters Olde Tyme Picnic. [25]Rabbit Run Park - A 110-acre (450,000 m 2) park that include two ball diamonds, three football or soccer fields, a gazebo, and a full-service pavilion. The park currently only consist of 19 acres while another 90 acres is currently under construction. Shady Springs Park - A 14-acre (57,000 m 2) park that has three baseball diamonds, a soccer field, a large playground and a full service pavilion. Shady Springs also offers visitors a half-mile fitness trail that winds through a scenic wooded area on the north side of the park. Spencer Creek Park - A 40-acre (160,000 m 2) park that includes a ball diamond, basketball court, football/soccer field, two tennis courts, a playground, pavilion and extensive trail system offer a wide variety of recreation opportunities for park visitors. Sports Center Park - A 21-acre (85,000 m 2) park. Amenities include three ball diamonds, two soccer/football fields, a concession stand and a half-mile pedestrian trail that circles the perimeter of the park. This park is also home to the Sports Center Gymnasium. The Gymnasium is available for rental to residents needing an indoor facility for basketball, volleyball or soccer. Trailwoods Park - A 3-acre (12,000 m 2) park that provides residents of nearby subdivisions a peaceful neighborhood park for walking, relaxing, or observing wildlife. A short walking trail takes visitors around a small lake surrounded by mature trees. Ducks, squirrels, fish, and other aquatic life make this park a great site for anyone seeking a quiet time in a natural setting. Woodlands Sports Park - A 93-acre (380,000 m 2) park that offers 5 ball diamonds, eight soccer fields, a playground, two concession stands, and two fishing lakes. A number of large-scale baseball and soccer tournaments over the course of the year make Woodlands Sports Park one of the busiest parks in the City of St. Peters. Climate [ edit] [ hide] Climate data for St. Peters, Missouri Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °F (°C) 73 (23) 78 (26) 88 (31) 93 (34) 93 (34) 104 (40) 108 (42) 107 (42) 102 (39) 93 (34) 84 (29) 75 (24) 107 (42)Average high °F (°C) 38 (3) 44 (7) 55 (13) 67 (19) 76 (24) 86 (30) 90 (32) 89 (32) 81 (27) 70 (21) 55 (13) 42 (6) 66.1 (18.9)Average low °F (°C) 19 (−7) 24 (−4) 32 (0) 42 (6) 52 (11) 62 (17) 68 (20) 66 (19) 57 (14) 45 (7) 36 (2) 25 (−4) 44 (6.8)Record low °F (°C) −20 (−29) −17 (−27) 2 (−17) 22 (−6) 34 (1) 35 (2) 48 (9) 45 (7) 35 (2) 22 (−6) 4 (−16) −18 (−28) −20 (−29)Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.72 (43.7) 1.95 (49.5) 3.45 (87.6) 3.94 (100.1) 4.17 (105.9) 3.73 (94.7) 4.18 (106.2) 3.19 (81) 2.92 (74.2) 2.75 (69.9) 3.42 (86.9) 2.86 (72.6) 37.92 (963.2)Source: [ citation needed]References [ edit]^ a b ""US Gazetteer files 2010"". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-01-24. Retrieved 2012-07-08.^ a b ""American Fact Finder"". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-07-08.^ a b ""Population and Housing Unit Estimates"". Retrieved June 9, 2017.^ Volkmann, Kelsey (July 15, 2008). ""Money magazine names St. Peters one of best places to live"". St. Louis Business Journal. American City Business Journals. Retrieved 2008-07-27. [ dead link]^ a b ""The St. Peters Rec-Plex"". City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2007-08-19. Retrieved 2007-06-04.^ a b c d ""History by the Decades"". City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2007-07-19. Retrieved 2007-08-02.^ p. 10, St. Peters: At Its Best^ Eaton, David Wolfe (1918). How Missouri Counties, Towns and Streams Were Named. The State Historical Society of Missouri. p. 356.^ Flynn, Cleta (2009). St. Peters: At Its Best!. Media Magic. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-61623-071-5.^ ""2009-2010 Anniversaries"". stpetersmo.net. City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2009-04-30. Retrieved 2009-04-04.^ ""US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990"". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.^ ""American Fact Finder"". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ ""Organizational Structure: St. Peters City Government"". City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2007-08-19. Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ ""City Collector"". City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2007-08-19. Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ ""City Clerk"". City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2007-08-19. Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ ""City Treasurer"". City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ ""Municipal Judge"". City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2007-02-18. Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ ""City Administrator"". City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2007-08-19. Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ ""FAQ: When are Board of Aldermen Meetings?"". City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2007-02-18. Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ ""FAQ: When are City elections?"". City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2007-02-18. Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ http://www.stpetersmo.net/board-of-aldermen.aspx#Mayorand Board^ ""Diving"". City of St. Peters. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ ""Spencer Road Map"". St. Charles City-County Library District. Archived from the original on 2007-05-07. Retrieved 2007-05-28.^ Johnson, Kelly. ""St. Peters, Missouri: Recycle City"". St. Peters City. Archived from the original on 2007-11-08. Retrieved 2008-09-14.^ a b Mark Schlinkmann (June 15, 2011). ""Annual picnic in St. Peters' Old Town this weekend"". stltoday.com. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved July 13, 2011. External links [ edit]City of St. Peters St. Charles City-County Library District Greater St. Charles County Chamber of Commerce – St. Peters & St. Charles Chambers of Commerce merged in December 2011Historic maps of St. Peters in the Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection at the University of Missouri [ show]v t e Municipalities and communities of St. Charles County, Missouri, United States [ show]v t e Greater St. Louis [ show]v t e State of Missouri Categories: St. Peters, Missouri Cities in Missouri Cities in St. Charles County, Missouri "
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[
"\"St. Peters, Missouri From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search St. Peters, Missouri City City Centre Park near City Hall Seal Location of St. Peters in Missouri Coordinates: 38°46′44″N 90°36′11″WCoordinates: 38°46′44″N 90°36′11″WIncorporated 1910Government• Mayor Len Pagano Area [1]• Total 22.37 sq mi (57.94 km 2)• Land 22.37 sq mi (57.94 km 2)• Water 0 sq mi (0 km 2)Population ( 2010) [2]• Total 52,575• Estimate (2016) [3] 57,289• Density 2,400/sq mi (910/km 2)Time zone CST ( UTC-6)• Summer ( DST) CDT ( UTC-5)ZIP code 63376, 63304, 63303Area code (s) 636Website stpetersmo.net St. Peters is a city in St. Charles County, Missouri, United States.",
"The 2010 census showed the city's population to be 52,575 tied for 10th with Blue Springs, Missouri.",
"Interstate 70 passes through the city, providing a major transportation link.",
"In 2008 St. Peters was named the 60th best place to live by Money magazine, putting it at the top in the state of Missouri.",
"[4] It also ranked in Money magazine's Top 100 in 2010 and 2012.",
"The \"\"Rec-Plex\"\" in St. Peters is an award-winning recreation and fitness complex that underwent an $18.5 million expansion in 2007.",
"[5] The city also hosts the county's largest shopping center, Mid Rivers Mall.",
"Contents [ hide ]1 History2 Geography3 Demographics3.1 2010 census3.2 2000 census4 Government5 Education6 Civic facilities7 Parks and recreation7.1 Climate8 References9 External links History [ edit]Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the area that would become St. Peters was inhabited by Mississippian mound builders.",
"The remains of a village were uncovered during the construction of I-70 in 1954 and a street near the site was later named Mound Drive after the mounds built by the villagers.",
"[6]One of the first documented sources about European settlers in the area is a Spanish census from 1791, which documented a land grant.",
"[7]St. Peters was named for a Jesuit mission established there.",
"[8]In 1895, music was a binding factor for the area, with a well-known cornet band.",
"[9]Throughout most of the twentieth century, St. Peters was a small farming town.",
"As recently as 1970, St. Peters had a population of only 486.",
"[6] The population rapidly increased to 15,700 by 1980 and within the span of a decade the community changed from a small rural town to a more suburban community.",
"[6] The city continued its rapid growth through the 1980s and by 1990 had a population of 40,660.",
"[6] St. Peters population increased to an estimated 52,575 as of 2010.",
"St. Peters celebrated its 50th year as a city in 2009, and marked its 100th year as a town in 2010, having become a town in 1910 and a city in 1959.",
"[10]Geography [ edit]St. Peters is located at 38°46′44″N 90°36′11″W (38.778893, -90.603131).",
"[11] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.37 square miles (57.94 km 2 ), all of it land.",
"[1]Demographics [ edit]Historical population Census Pop.",
"%±1880 334 —1910 269 —1920 358 33.1%1930 248 −30.7%1940 305 23.0%1950 377 23.6%1960 404 7.2%1970 486 20.3%1980 15,700 3,130.5%1990 45,779 191.6%2000 51,381 12.2%2010 52,575 2.3%Est.",
"2016 57,289 [3] 9.0%U.",
"S. Decennial Census2010 census [ edit]As of the census [2] of 2010, there were 52,575 people, 20,861 households, and 14,244 families residing in the city.",
"The population density was 2,350.2 inhabitants per square mile (907.4/km 2 ).",
"There were 21,717 housing units at an average density of 970.8 per square mile (374.8/km 2 ).",
"The racial makeup of the city was 91.7% White, 3.7% African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races.",
"Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population.",
"There were 20,861 households of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.7% were non-families.",
"26.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.",
"The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.05.",
"The median age in the city was 38.8 years.",
"23.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.9% were from 25 to 44; 30% were from 45 to 64; and 11.4% were 65 years of age or older.",
"The gender makeup of the city was 48.2% male and 51.8% female.2000 census [ edit]As of the census [12] of 2000, there were 51,381 people, 18,435 households, and 13,936 families residing in the city.",
"The population density was 2,425.5 people per square mile (936.7/km²).",
"There were 18,776 housing units at an average density of 886.3 per square mile (342.3/km²).",
"The racial makeup of the city was 94.25% White, 2.80% African American, 0.20% Native American, 1.23% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.44% from other races, and 1.07% from two or more races.",
"Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.49% of the population.",
"There were 18,435 households out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.8% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were non-families.",
"20.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.",
"The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.24.",
"In the city the population was spread out with 30.0% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 33.5% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older.",
"The median age was 34 years.",
"For every 100 females there were 95.0 males.",
"For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.6 males.",
"The median income for a household in the city was $57,898, and the median income for a family was $65,123.",
"Males had a median income of $45,497 versus $30,295 for females.",
"The per capita income for the city was $22,792.",
"About 1.5% of families and 2.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.6% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.",
"Government [ edit]St. Peters City Hall Citizens elect a mayor and eight aldermen (two for each of four wards) to govern the city.",
"[13] The Mayor and Board of Aldermen appoint individuals to the positions of City Collector, [14] City Clerk, [15] and City Treasurer.",
"[16] A Municipal Judge of the 11th Judicial Circuit, also known as the St. Peters Municipal Court, has a four-year term.",
"[17] A City Administrator also works closely with the Mayor and Board of Aldermen.",
"[18]The Board of Aldermen meets on the second and fourth Thursdays of each month, except the months of June, July, November and December when one meeting is held each month on a date scheduled with the Mayor.",
"[19]City elections are held in April, per Missouri law for elected officials.",
"Propositions may be voted upon at these elections, or others held in February, August or November.",
"[20]Mayor – Len Pagano Aldermen Ward 1 – Dave Thomas & Rocky Reitmeyer Ward 2 – Judy Bateman & Jerry Hollingsworth Ward 3 – Terri Violet & Michael Shea Ward 4 – Don Aytes & Patrick Barclay [21]Education [ edit]Three public high schools are within St. Peters city limits: Fort Zumwalt South High School with an enrollment of 1,700 students, Francis Howell North High School (2,100 students), and Fort Zumwalt East High School (1,100 students) which opened in 2007.",
"Some high school students from St. Peters attend schools in surrounding communities such as Francis Howell Central High School in neighboring Cottleville, and Fort Zumwalt North and Fort Zumwalt West High Schools in O'Fallon.",
"Other public schools in the city include Fairmount, Hawthorn, Lewis & Clark, Mid Rivers, Progress South, St. Peters, and Warren Elementary Schools; plus Du Bray, and Fort Zumwalt South Middle Schools.",
"The city limits also contain the private high school Lutheran High School of St Charles County.",
"Civic facilities [ edit]The St. Peters Rec-Plex, a 236,000 sq ft (21,900 m 2) family recreation and athletic training complex, is situated next to St. Peters City Hall.",
"The Rec-Plex hosted the 2004 Olympic Diving Trials [5] and is recognized as one of the USA's premier diving facilities.",
"[22]St. Peters is home to Barnes-Jewish St. Peters Hospital, the county's second busiest after St. Joseph Health Center in St. Charles.",
"Barnes-Jewish serves a large portion of St. Charles County, Lincoln County, and Pike County; it is St. Charles County's second largest hospital, with 175 rooms, and a satellite location of the Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center.",
"The Spencer Road Branch library, the largest and busiest within the St. Charles City-County Library District, is in St. Peters.",
"[23]The city's \"\"Recycle City\"\" opened in April 1997 [24] and has the ability to recycle various types of material which is then sold to companies that use recycled goods in products.",
"In 2007, Recycle City recycled 12,522,767 pounds of material.",
"Parks and recreation [ edit]St. Peters has the most extensive park system in St. Charles county.",
"The city has over 1,000 acres (4,000,000 m 2) of parks and trails.",
"Outdoor amenities available to park users include: recreation trails, playgrounds, picnic shelters and pavilions, athletic fields, fishing ponds, and landscape areas.",
"Brookmount Park - A 5-acre (20,000 m 2) park that offers a one-mile pedestrian trail and playground designed for toddlers and small children.",
"Brown Road Park - A 23-acre (93,000 m 2) park that features three baseball diamonds, a football field, a picnic pavilion, a BMX track, and a playground City Centre Park - A 78-acre (320,000 m 2) park near City Hall that includes the following recreation amenities: three baseball diamonds, a soccer/football field, biking and hiking trails, an inclusive playground for kids, and a picnic pavilion with barbecue grills.",
"The park also features a grass outdoor amphitheater for music and the performing arts.",
"Community Park - A 11-acre (45,000 m 2) a new park in St. Peters offering soccer fields and baseball diamonds.",
"Country Creek Trail - A 6-acre (24,000 m 2) quiet park running along Spencer Creek.",
"Covenant Park - A 7.5-acre (30,000 m 2) park which includes a ball diamond, basketball court, two tennis courts, a playground, picnic tables, a barbecue grill and multipurpose trails.",
"Dardenne Park - A 3-acre (12,000 m 2) park tucked away in a sheltered wooded corner next to Dardenne Creek, offering visitors with an expansive new playground, a paved pedestrian trail, and quick access to an 18-hole municipal golf course.",
"Glen Travis Park - A 12.5-acre (51,000 m 2) scenic natural area where you observe wildlife.",
"St. Peters Golf & Recreation Center - A 145-acre (590,000 m 2) park and golf course that offers tennis courts, a 13-acre fishing lake, a swimming pool, and 18 hole golf course.370 Lakeside Park - A 300-acre (1,200,000 m 2) park that includes a 140-acre recreational lake with fishing and boating, including a canoe channel, family picnic areas, park pavilions, walking trails surrounding the lake, large playgrounds, an RV park, campgrounds for organized groups, a recreational beach, and a dog park.",
"This is St. Peters' newest park, having opened on May 19, 2011.",
"It hosts a Celebrate St. Peters festival in mid-September.",
"[25]Laurel Park - A 47-acre (190,000 m 2) park that offers a large playground, two ball diamonds, two soccer/football fields, two sand volleyball courts, a basketball court, four horseshoe pits, two picnic pavilions and a multipurpose trail system around the perimeter of the park.",
"Laurel Park is also home to an outdoor swimming pool, two lakes and a roller hockey court.",
"Lone Wolff Park - An 8.5-acre (34,000 m 2) quiet rural setting offering visitors a small pavilion and a competitive horse arena.",
"The site is located adjacent to Brown Road Park and within easy walking distance of Old Town and Sports Center Parks.",
"Oak Creek - A 2.5-acre (10,000 m 2) park which happens to be the smallest neighborhood park in the St. Peters park system.",
"It provides nearby residents with a playground and several picnic tables in a pleasant, two-acre setting.",
"Old Town Park - An 8-acre (32,000 m 2) park and St. Peters' first.",
"More than 100 years old, this park is still a favorite of the community, offering two ball diamonds, four horseshoe pits, two pavilions and a playground.",
"Old Town Park is also home to the annual St. Peters Olde Tyme Picnic.",
"[25]Rabbit Run Park - A 110-acre (450,000 m 2) park that include two ball diamonds, three football or soccer fields, a gazebo, and a full-service pavilion.",
"The park currently only consist of 19 acres while another 90 acres is currently under construction.",
"Shady Springs Park - A 14-acre (57,000 m 2) park that has three baseball diamonds, a soccer field, a large playground and a full service pavilion.",
"Shady Springs also offers visitors a half-mile fitness trail that winds through a scenic wooded area on the north side of the park.",
"Spencer Creek Park - A 40-acre (160,000 m 2) park that includes a ball diamond, basketball court, football/soccer field, two tennis courts, a playground, pavilion and extensive trail system offer a wide variety of recreation opportunities for park visitors.",
"Sports Center Park - A 21-acre (85,000 m 2) park.",
"Amenities include three ball diamonds, two soccer/football fields, a concession stand and a half-mile pedestrian trail that circles the perimeter of the park.",
"This park is also home to the Sports Center Gymnasium.",
"The Gymnasium is available for rental to residents needing an indoor facility for basketball, volleyball or soccer.",
"Trailwoods Park - A 3-acre (12,000 m 2) park that provides residents of nearby subdivisions a peaceful neighborhood park for walking, relaxing, or observing wildlife.",
"A short walking trail takes visitors around a small lake surrounded by mature trees.",
"Ducks, squirrels, fish, and other aquatic life make this park a great site for anyone seeking a quiet time in a natural setting.",
"Woodlands Sports Park - A 93-acre (380,000 m 2) park that offers 5 ball diamonds, eight soccer fields, a playground, two concession stands, and two fishing lakes.",
"A number of large-scale baseball and soccer tournaments over the course of the year make Woodlands Sports Park one of the busiest parks in the City of St. Peters.",
"Climate [ edit] [ hide] Climate data for St. Peters, Missouri Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °F (°C) 73 (23) 78 (26) 88 (31) 93 (34) 93 (34) 104 (40) 108 (42) 107 (42) 102 (39) 93 (34) 84 (29) 75 (24) 107 (42)Average high °F (°C) 38 (3) 44 (7) 55 (13) 67 (19) 76 (24) 86 (30) 90 (32) 89 (32) 81 (27) 70 (21) 55 (13) 42 (6) 66.1 (18.9)Average low °F (°C) 19 (−7) 24 (−4) 32 (0) 42 (6) 52 (11) 62 (17) 68 (20) 66 (19) 57 (14) 45 (7) 36 (2) 25 (−4) 44 (6.8)Record low °F (°C) −20 (−29) −17 (−27) 2 (−17) 22 (−6) 34 (1) 35 (2) 48 (9) 45 (7) 35 (2) 22 (−6) 4 (−16) −18 (−28) −20 (−29)Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.72 (43.7) 1.95 (49.5) 3.45 (87.6) 3.94 (100.1) 4.17 (105.9) 3.73 (94.7) 4.18 (106.2) 3.19 (81) 2.92 (74.2) 2.75 (69.9) 3.42 (86.9) 2.86 (72.6) 37.92 (963.2)Source: [ citation needed]References [ edit]^ a b \"\"US Gazetteer files 2010\"\".",
"United States Census Bureau.",
"Archived from the original on 2012-01-24.",
"Retrieved 2012-07-08.^ a b \"\"American Fact Finder\"\".",
"United States Census Bureau.",
"Retrieved 2012-07-08.^ a b \"\"Population and Housing Unit Estimates\"\".",
"Retrieved June 9, 2017.^ Volkmann, Kelsey (July 15, 2008).",
"\"\"Money magazine names St. Peters one of best places to live\"\".",
"St. Louis Business Journal.",
"American City Business Journals.",
"Retrieved 2008-07-27.",
"[ dead link]^ a b \"\"The St. Peters Rec-Plex\"\".",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-08-19.",
"Retrieved 2007-06-04.^ a b c d \"\"History by the Decades\"\".",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-07-19.",
"Retrieved 2007-08-02.^ p. 10, St. Peters: At Its Best^ Eaton, David Wolfe (1918).",
"How Missouri Counties, Towns and Streams Were Named.",
"The State Historical Society of Missouri.",
"p. 356.^ Flynn, Cleta (2009).",
"St. Peters: At Its Best!.",
"Media Magic.",
"p. 63.",
"ISBN 978-1-61623-071-5.^ \"\"2009-2010 Anniversaries\"\".",
"stpetersmo.net.",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2009-04-30.",
"Retrieved 2009-04-04.^ \"\"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990\"\".",
"United States Census Bureau.",
"2011-02-12.",
"Retrieved 2011-04-23.^ \"\"American Fact Finder\"\".",
"United States Census Bureau.",
"Archived from the original on 2013-09-11.",
"Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ \"\"Organizational Structure: St. Peters City Government\"\".",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-08-19.",
"Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ \"\"City Collector\"\".",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-08-19.",
"Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ \"\"City Clerk\"\".",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-08-19.",
"Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ \"\"City Treasurer\"\".",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-09-28.",
"Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ \"\"Municipal Judge\"\".",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-02-18.",
"Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ \"\"City Administrator\"\".",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-08-19.",
"Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ \"\"FAQ: When are Board of Aldermen Meetings?\"\".",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-02-18.",
"Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ \"\"FAQ: When are City elections?\"\".",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-02-18.",
"Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ http://www.stpetersmo.net/board-of-aldermen.aspx#Mayorand Board^ \"\"Diving\"\".",
"City of St. Peters.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-09-28.",
"Retrieved 2007-05-29.^ \"\"Spencer Road Map\"\".",
"St. Charles City-County Library District.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-05-07.",
"Retrieved 2007-05-28.^ Johnson, Kelly.",
"\"\"St. Peters, Missouri: Recycle City\"\".",
"St. Peters City.",
"Archived from the original on 2007-11-08.",
"Retrieved 2008-09-14.^ a b Mark Schlinkmann (June 15, 2011).",
"\"\"Annual picnic in St. Peters' Old Town this weekend\"\".",
"stltoday.com.",
"St. Louis Post-Dispatch.",
"Retrieved July 13, 2011.",
"External links [ edit]City of St. Peters St. Charles City-County Library District Greater St. Charles County Chamber of Commerce – St. Peters & St. Charles Chambers of Commerce merged in December 2011Historic maps of St. Peters in the Sanborn Maps of Missouri Collection at the University of Missouri [ show]v t e Municipalities and communities of St. Charles County, Missouri, United States [ show]v t e Greater St. Louis [ show]v t e State of Missouri Categories: St. Peters, Missouri Cities in Missouri Cities in St. Charles County, Missouri \""
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D2659158
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https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/belly
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belly
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"1bellynoun bel·ly \ ˈbe-lē \Updated on: 29 Mar 2018Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLExamples: belly in a Sentence Time Traveler! Explore the year a word first appeared Definition of bellyplural bellies1 a: abdomen1; also: potbelly1b: the stomach and its adjunctsc: the undersurface of an animal's body; also: hide from this partd: womb, uterus2 a: an internal cavity: interiorb: a central place where something is most prevalent, concentrated, or deeply ingrained… he became the hottest songwriter in Nashville, an antiauthoritarian smack-dab in the belly of the establishment.—Tony Scherman— often used in the phrase the belly of the beast to refer especially to a dangerous or hostile place or situation Meanwhile, the very best bodies of America are in prison, pumping iron in the belly of the beast. —Robert Lipsyte3: appetite for food4: a surface or object curved or rounded like a human belly5 a: the enlarged fleshy body of a muscleb: the part of a sail that swells out when filled with wind6: gut1a (2)See belly defined for English-language learners See belly defined for kids Examples of belly in a Sentence He got down on his belly to crawl. They slid down the snowy hill on their bellies.a gray squirrel with a white bellythe belly of an airplanethe belly of a ship Recent Examples of belly from the Web Visitors watched as the inferno spread from the dinosaur’s belly to its head, making it briefly resemble the fictional super villain Godzilla more than something out of Jurassic Park.— matthew martinez, star-telegram, ""Animatronic T-Rex at Colorado theme park goes ‘extinct’ in suspected electrical blaze | Fort Worth Star-Telegram,"" 23 Mar. 2018Welcome to Photography by K. Sessions start at 2 belly rubs per photo!— Southern Living, ""You've Been Taking Pictures of Your Dog Entirely Wrong,"" 23 Mar. 2018The help is vital: Ms. Naguanagua’s sister’s two children, ages 2 and 3, roam the home with bloated bellies.— anatoly kurmanaev, WSJ, ""Venezuela’s Maduro, Clinging to Power, Uses Hunger as an Election Weapon,"" 22 Mar. 2018These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'belly.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback. Origin and Etymology of belly Middle English bely bellows, belly, from Old English belg bag, skin; akin to Old High German balg bag, skin, Old English blāwan to blow — more at 1 blow NEW! Time Traveler First Known Use: before 12th century See Words from the same yearbelly Synonyms Synonymsappetite, emptiness,famishment, hunger, munchies,stomach Antonymsinappetence Near Antonymsfill, fullness, glut, repleteness,repletion, satiation, satiety,satisfaction, surfeit Related Wordsrapaciousness, rapacity,ravenousness, voraciousness,voracity;malnutrition,starvation, undernourishment;craving, sweet tooth;famine,fast, hunger strike;gluttony,gourmandism, greed,hoggishness2bellyverb Definition of bellybellied; bellyingtransitive verb: to cause to swell or fill outwind bellying the sailsintransitive verb1: swell, fill2 a: to slide or crawl on one's bellyb: belly-land See belly defined for English-language learners Examples of belly in a Sentencethe sails slowly bellied as the wind picked uprecruits were forced to belly over the obstacle course under simulated enemy fire Recent Examples of belly from the Web Patients have included dogs and cats, of course, but also a bearded dragon lizard, a hamster, a hedgehog and a pot- bellied pig.— nancy dahlberg, miamiherald, ""Customers give this South Florida startup two paws up | Miami Herald,"" 23 Feb. 2018But giving them a run for the money will be the wildlife ambassadors that call the Science Center home: Ethel the opossum, Spooks the hognose snake, Sunny the yellow- bellied ball python and Mr. Six the three-toed box turtle.— faye reeder, star-telegram, ""Cocktails, appetizers, s’mores, jazz, stargazing and wildlife at Night With Nature | Fort Worth Star-Telegram,"" 25 Oct. 2017Though some stars are the types of muscular super-humans who populate sports like football and basketball, others are lanky, beer- bellied, stocky, or short.— alex putterman, The Atlantic, ""Jose Altuve, Baseball’s Unlikeliest Superstar,"" 6 Oct. 2017These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'belly.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback. Origin and Etymology of bellyverbal derivative of 1 belly NEW! Time Traveler First Known Use: 1606See Words from the same yearbelly Synonyms Synonymsbag, balloon, beetle, billow,bulge, bunch, jut, overhang,poke, pouch, pout, project,protrude, stand out, start, stick out, swell Near Antonymscompress, condense, constrict,contract, shrink Related Wordsdome;blow up, inflate;dilate,distend, expand;mushroom,snowball;elongate, extend,lengthen, stretch Phrases Related to BELLYRelated Phrasesbelly up to BELLY Defined for English Language Learnersbellynoun Definition of belly for English Language Learners: a person's stomach or the part of the body that contains the stomach: the part of an animal's body that is like a person's belly: a curved or rounded surface or partbellyverb Definition of belly for English Language Learners: to cause (something, such as a sail) to curve or bulge outward BELLY Defined for Kidsbellynoun bel·ly \ ˈbe-lē \Definition of belly for Studentsplural bellies1: the front part of the body between the chest and the hips2: the under part of an animal's body3: 1 stomach1My belly was full.4: a space inside somethingcargo stored in the ship's belly History for belly Our words bellows and belly both come from an Old English word belg, meaning “bag” or “purse.” The plural from belga was also used with the meaning “bellows.” It was probably a shortening of the compound word blæstbelga, literally, “blow-bags.” It is belga that ultimately gives us the modern word bellows. The singular belg gives us the modern word belly, though the use of a word meaning “bag” for “stomach” only arose in English of the later Middle Ages, after the end of the Old English period. Medical Dictionarybellynoun bel·ly \ ˈbel-ē \medical Definition of bellyplural bellies1 a: abdomen1ab: the undersurface of an animal's bodyc: womb, uterusd: the stomach and its adjuncts2: the enlarged fleshy body of a muscle Learn More about belly See words that rhyme with belly Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for belly Spanish Central: Translation of belly Nglish: Translation of belly for Spanish speakers Britannica English: Translation of belly for Arabic speakers Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about belly Seen and Heard What made you want to look up belly? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).show "
|
[
"\"1bellynoun bel·ly \\ ˈbe-lē \\Updated on: 29 Mar 2018Trending Now:oligarch glib depose omnibus acrimony ALLExamples: belly in a Sentence Time Traveler!",
"Explore the year a word first appeared Definition of bellyplural bellies1 a: abdomen1; also: potbelly1b: the stomach and its adjunctsc: the undersurface of an animal's body; also: hide from this partd: womb, uterus2 a: an internal cavity: interiorb: a central place where something is most prevalent, concentrated, or deeply ingrained… he became the hottest songwriter in Nashville, an antiauthoritarian smack-dab in the belly of the establishment.—Tony Scherman— often used in the phrase the belly of the beast to refer especially to a dangerous or hostile place or situation Meanwhile, the very best bodies of America are in prison, pumping iron in the belly of the beast.",
"—Robert Lipsyte3: appetite for food4: a surface or object curved or rounded like a human belly5 a: the enlarged fleshy body of a muscleb: the part of a sail that swells out when filled with wind6: gut1a (2)See belly defined for English-language learners See belly defined for kids Examples of belly in a Sentence He got down on his belly to crawl.",
"They slid down the snowy hill on their bellies.a gray squirrel with a white bellythe belly of an airplanethe belly of a ship Recent Examples of belly from the Web Visitors watched as the inferno spread from the dinosaur’s belly to its head, making it briefly resemble the fictional super villain Godzilla more than something out of Jurassic Park.— matthew martinez, star-telegram, \"\"Animatronic T-Rex at Colorado theme park goes ‘extinct’ in suspected electrical blaze | Fort Worth Star-Telegram,\"\" 23 Mar.",
"2018Welcome to Photography by K. Sessions start at 2 belly rubs per photo!— Southern Living, \"\"You've Been Taking Pictures of Your Dog Entirely Wrong,\"\" 23 Mar.",
"2018The help is vital: Ms. Naguanagua’s sister’s two children, ages 2 and 3, roam the home with bloated bellies.— anatoly kurmanaev, WSJ, \"\"Venezuela’s Maduro, Clinging to Power, Uses Hunger as an Election Weapon,\"\" 22 Mar.",
"2018These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'belly.'",
"Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors.",
"Send us feedback.",
"Origin and Etymology of belly Middle English bely bellows, belly, from Old English belg bag, skin; akin to Old High German balg bag, skin, Old English blāwan to blow — more at 1 blow NEW!",
"Time Traveler First Known Use: before 12th century See Words from the same yearbelly Synonyms Synonymsappetite, emptiness,famishment, hunger, munchies,stomach Antonymsinappetence Near Antonymsfill, fullness, glut, repleteness,repletion, satiation, satiety,satisfaction, surfeit Related Wordsrapaciousness, rapacity,ravenousness, voraciousness,voracity;malnutrition,starvation, undernourishment;craving, sweet tooth;famine,fast, hunger strike;gluttony,gourmandism, greed,hoggishness2bellyverb Definition of bellybellied; bellyingtransitive verb: to cause to swell or fill outwind bellying the sailsintransitive verb1: swell, fill2 a: to slide or crawl on one's bellyb: belly-land See belly defined for English-language learners Examples of belly in a Sentencethe sails slowly bellied as the wind picked uprecruits were forced to belly over the obstacle course under simulated enemy fire Recent Examples of belly from the Web Patients have included dogs and cats, of course, but also a bearded dragon lizard, a hamster, a hedgehog and a pot- bellied pig.— nancy dahlberg, miamiherald, \"\"Customers give this South Florida startup two paws up | Miami Herald,\"\" 23 Feb. 2018But giving them a run for the money will be the wildlife ambassadors that call the Science Center home: Ethel the opossum, Spooks the hognose snake, Sunny the yellow- bellied ball python and Mr. Six the three-toed box turtle.— faye reeder, star-telegram, \"\"Cocktails, appetizers, s’mores, jazz, stargazing and wildlife at Night With Nature | Fort Worth Star-Telegram,\"\" 25 Oct. 2017Though some stars are the types of muscular super-humans who populate sports like football and basketball, others are lanky, beer- bellied, stocky, or short.— alex putterman, The Atlantic, \"\"Jose Altuve, Baseball’s Unlikeliest Superstar,\"\" 6 Oct. 2017These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'belly.'",
"Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors.",
"Send us feedback.",
"Origin and Etymology of bellyverbal derivative of 1 belly NEW!",
"Time Traveler First Known Use: 1606See Words from the same yearbelly Synonyms Synonymsbag, balloon, beetle, billow,bulge, bunch, jut, overhang,poke, pouch, pout, project,protrude, stand out, start, stick out, swell Near Antonymscompress, condense, constrict,contract, shrink Related Wordsdome;blow up, inflate;dilate,distend, expand;mushroom,snowball;elongate, extend,lengthen, stretch Phrases Related to BELLYRelated Phrasesbelly up to BELLY Defined for English Language Learnersbellynoun Definition of belly for English Language Learners: a person's stomach or the part of the body that contains the stomach: the part of an animal's body that is like a person's belly: a curved or rounded surface or partbellyverb Definition of belly for English Language Learners: to cause (something, such as a sail) to curve or bulge outward BELLY Defined for Kidsbellynoun bel·ly \\ ˈbe-lē \\Definition of belly for Studentsplural bellies1: the front part of the body between the chest and the hips2: the under part of an animal's body3: 1 stomach1My belly was full.4: a space inside somethingcargo stored in the ship's belly History for belly Our words bellows and belly both come from an Old English word belg, meaning “bag” or “purse.” The plural from belga was also used with the meaning “bellows.” It was probably a shortening of the compound word blæstbelga, literally, “blow-bags.” It is belga that ultimately gives us the modern word bellows.",
"The singular belg gives us the modern word belly, though the use of a word meaning “bag” for “stomach” only arose in English of the later Middle Ages, after the end of the Old English period.",
"Medical Dictionarybellynoun bel·ly \\ ˈbel-ē \\medical Definition of bellyplural bellies1 a: abdomen1ab: the undersurface of an animal's bodyc: womb, uterusd: the stomach and its adjuncts2: the enlarged fleshy body of a muscle Learn More about belly See words that rhyme with belly Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for belly Spanish Central: Translation of belly Nglish: Translation of belly for Spanish speakers Britannica English: Translation of belly for Arabic speakers Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about belly Seen and Heard What made you want to look up belly?",
"Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).show \""
] |
D3215703
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http://www.westword.com/restaurants/free-beer-still-flowing-for-coors-employees-5738475
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We See Youâre Using an Ad Blocker
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"1A Flickr photo. Free beer still flowing for Coors employees Melanie Asmar | June 18, 2009 | 7:07am Facebook Twitteremail Print Article A AA Flickr photo. I know you've been worried. Or worried-ish. But rest assured that, unlike their peers up at Molson Coors in Canada, the approximately 2,800 employees at Miller Coors in Golden will continue to get their 864 free beers a year ... for now. Last week, I read that Molson Coors -- the parent company of Miller Coors, whose biggest brewery is in Golden -- plans to cut back on the amount of free beer it gives employees and retirees. According to the Toronto Star, Molson retirees currently get 864 free beers a year. In five years, that number will dwindle to zero. Meanwhile, employees' allotment of free beer will shrink from 864 to 624. Would the same fate befall the beer conglomerate's employees in Golden, where Coors got its start more than a century ago? I called the Coors hotline to find out. But before I could ask anyone anything, I had to verify my age. ""This is an age-restricted industry,"" said the woman who answered the hotline. Then she asked how old I was. Only after I assured her that I was old enough to throw back a couple of cold-as-the-Rockies Coors Lights did she give me the number for the media hotline. Which turned out to be an answering machine. I left four messages on that answering machine over the next couple of days, but no one called me back. So yesterday, I dialed the hotline again. But this time, egged on by my co-workers, I told the dude who answered that I was 20. Just to see what would happen. There was a long pause. Then he suggested that I have someone who was 21 call him back. ""What if I tell you I'm 21?"" I said. ""Um, I'd have to verify your age,"" he stammered. ""But unfortunately, you did say you were 20. Since this is an age-restricted industry, you have to be over the age of 21."" Then he hung up. If you like this story, consider signing up for our email newsletters. SHOW ME HOWI'm not a robotre CAPTCHAPrivacy - Terms After that, I gave up on calling and found a media e-mail address instead. You apparently don't have to be 21 to write Coors an e-mail. Spokeswoman Kim De Vigil eventually responded and very nicely explained the whole free-beer thing to me. (That was the original point of this story, right? )According to De Vigil, although Miller Coors is affiliated with Molson Coors, the two companies' gratis-beer policies are separate. And Coors retirees have never (at least, not as far back as De Vigil can remember) gotten any free beer at all. Instead, they get a discount on up to nine cases per month, which works out to be 2,592 cheap (er) beers a year. Now, finally, the good news: The perqs aren't drying up in Golden. Miller Coors employees will continue to get their 864 free beers a year. Melanie Asmar is a staff writer for Westword. She joined the paper in 2009 and has won awards for her stories about education, immigration and epic legal battles. Got a tip? She'd love to hear it. Contact: Melanie Asmar Follow: Facebook: Melanie Asmar Twitter: @Melanie Asmar "
|
[
"\"1A Flickr photo.",
"Free beer still flowing for Coors employees Melanie Asmar | June 18, 2009 | 7:07am Facebook Twitteremail Print Article A AA Flickr photo.",
"I know you've been worried.",
"Or worried-ish.",
"But rest assured that, unlike their peers up at Molson Coors in Canada, the approximately 2,800 employees at Miller Coors in Golden will continue to get their 864 free beers a year ... for now.",
"Last week, I read that Molson Coors -- the parent company of Miller Coors, whose biggest brewery is in Golden -- plans to cut back on the amount of free beer it gives employees and retirees.",
"According to the Toronto Star, Molson retirees currently get 864 free beers a year.",
"In five years, that number will dwindle to zero.",
"Meanwhile, employees' allotment of free beer will shrink from 864 to 624.",
"Would the same fate befall the beer conglomerate's employees in Golden, where Coors got its start more than a century ago?",
"I called the Coors hotline to find out.",
"But before I could ask anyone anything, I had to verify my age.",
"\"\"This is an age-restricted industry,\"\" said the woman who answered the hotline.",
"Then she asked how old I was.",
"Only after I assured her that I was old enough to throw back a couple of cold-as-the-Rockies Coors Lights did she give me the number for the media hotline.",
"Which turned out to be an answering machine.",
"I left four messages on that answering machine over the next couple of days, but no one called me back.",
"So yesterday, I dialed the hotline again.",
"But this time, egged on by my co-workers, I told the dude who answered that I was 20.",
"Just to see what would happen.",
"There was a long pause.",
"Then he suggested that I have someone who was 21 call him back.",
"\"\"What if I tell you I'm 21?\"\"",
"I said.",
"\"\"Um, I'd have to verify your age,\"\" he stammered.",
"\"\"But unfortunately, you did say you were 20.",
"Since this is an age-restricted industry, you have to be over the age of 21.\"\"",
"Then he hung up.",
"If you like this story, consider signing up for our email newsletters.",
"SHOW ME HOWI'm not a robotre CAPTCHAPrivacy - Terms After that, I gave up on calling and found a media e-mail address instead.",
"You apparently don't have to be 21 to write Coors an e-mail.",
"Spokeswoman Kim De Vigil eventually responded and very nicely explained the whole free-beer thing to me.",
"(That was the original point of this story, right?",
")According to De Vigil, although Miller Coors is affiliated with Molson Coors, the two companies' gratis-beer policies are separate.",
"And Coors retirees have never (at least, not as far back as De Vigil can remember) gotten any free beer at all.",
"Instead, they get a discount on up to nine cases per month, which works out to be 2,592 cheap (er) beers a year.",
"Now, finally, the good news: The perqs aren't drying up in Golden.",
"Miller Coors employees will continue to get their 864 free beers a year.",
"Melanie Asmar is a staff writer for Westword.",
"She joined the paper in 2009 and has won awards for her stories about education, immigration and epic legal battles.",
"Got a tip?",
"She'd love to hear it.",
"Contact: Melanie Asmar Follow: Facebook: Melanie Asmar Twitter: @Melanie Asmar \""
] |
D1581426
|
http://www.healthpages.org/care-after-cesarean-birth/physical-healing-after-cesarean-birth/
|
Physical Changes and Healing After Cesarean Birth
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Physical Changes and Healing After Cesarean Birth February 22, 2018 By Cindy Schmidler 1 Comment Your body goes through many physical changes while it is returning to its non-pregnant state. You have been through a wonderful process and now it will take your body about 2 months for you to start feeling “normal” again. One of the most noticeable changes is the return of the uterus to normal, called involution. You can feel the changes in the uterus as cramps, called afterpains. You can see the changes as your abdomen gets smaller. You should also see a discharge, called lochia, that usually lasts about 3 weeks, but may last as long as 6 weeks. Contents [ hide]1 Lochia2 Hemorrhoids2.1 Sitz Bath3 Afterpains4 Stretch Marks5 More About Self Care After Cesarean Birth Lochia Lochia is the lining of the uterus that is shed after giving birth. It is a normal part of the healing process and not a cause for concern. The lochia is made of blood, tissue, and mucous similar to a menstrual period. The bleeding is heaviest right after birth and slowly decreases over the following 3 or 4 days. For the first few days, you may notice heavier bleeding when you stand up after you have been sitting or lying down for a while. Standing up does not cause the heavier f low. The heavier flow comes from the release of blood that collects in the vagina while you are sitting or lying down. Protect your furniture and bedding from accidents by using plastic-covered pads under your hips. Until the lochia stops completely wear sanitary pads, not tampons. Tampons increase the risk of infection in the uterus. It is important for you to recognize when bleeding is a normal part of the lochia and when bleeding is a possible sign of hemorrhage. Most hemorrhages happen right after delivery when the uterus does not begin shrinking right away. However, hemorrhaging can happen anytime during the postpartum period. Hemorrhage during this time can be caused by infection in the uterus or a piece of placenta can stick to the uterus and keep the uterus from healing in that spot. The spot that doesn’t heal keeps bleeding. Since the unhealed area is small, you probably won’t see a “gush” of blood. Instead, you would see a steady drip, drip, drip which can become a serious problem—just think how fast a cup fills in the sink if you let the faucet drip, drip, drip. If you have bleeding that soaks a pad in 15 minutes or less, call your doctor immediately. If you cannot get in touch with your doctor have someone take you to the emergency room, or call 911 if you are alone. Increased activity can cause more bleeding. So try not to lift anything heavier than your baby. Don’t be going up and down stairs often, and when you must, then go up and down slowly. If you normally use stairs at home, then while you recover, set up a recovery area for you and your baby so you only have to go up and down stairs once in the morning and once again at night. Dining rooms make great recovery areas because they aren’t used much. If your bleeding starts to get heavier, get off your feet and rest. Small blood clots, up to the size of a plum are normal. However, clots and heavy bleeding that doesn’t stop with rest aren’t normal—if this happens call your doctor. There are 3 normal stages of lochia. It is important for you to know the stages so you can tell whether something may be wrong. How many days each stage lasts isn’t as important as whether the amount of lochia keeps getting less and less as the color gets lighter as it changes from red to pink to creamy or white. These are the normal stages of lochia. 1. Lochia rubra — first 2 to 3 days after delivery • the lochia is mostly blood • the blood looks bright red • the blood flow can be heavy to moderate • you may see small blood clots2. Lochia serosa — starts about day 4 and lasts until day 10 • the color changes to pink or pinkish-brown • the flow is much less • blood clots or bright red blood during this time may be signs of a problem.3. Lochia alba — from about day 10 until day 21 • the color is light yellow to a cream color • the flow has almost stopped and does not smell • the presence of clots, a bad smell, or bright red blood may be signs of a problem. The progression from lochia rubra to lochia serosa to lochia alba should not reverse. The color should always turn from red to pink to white as the amount of discharge gets less and less. If you see a red flow after the flow has turned pink or white, call your doctor right away. Also, call your doctor right away: ☎ if you have heavy bleeding that soaks more than 1 pad per hour for 3 hours ☎ if you see blood clots or bright red blood after the 4th day ☎ if the lochia smells bad (it should smell like your normal menstrual f low) ☎ if you do not see any lochia during the first 2 weeks ☎ if you have bad cramps and heavy bleeding ☎ if you have a fever over 100.4˚ F ☎ if you have severe pain in your lower abdomen If you are not breastfeeding, you can expect to have your periods return within 4 to 8 weeks. The first menstrual flow tends to be heavy and contain blood clots; your period may start, stop, start again. The second period should be more or less normal. As long as you are breastfeeding, your period will not ordinarily appear. If it does, it won’t interfere with breastfeeding. Hemorrhoids Hemorrhoids are swollen veins of the rectum. Hemorrhoids can be caused by pressure from your baby’s weight. Try applying ice for 20 minutes every 4 hours to relieve pain, shrink hemorrhoids, and speed return of normal bowel function. Don’t put ice directly on your skin. Put the ice in a plastic bag and then wrap it in a towel. Sitting in a bathtub of warm water or sitz bath (see Sitz Bath above), or using cold witch hazel pads can reduce minor discomfort and itching. Take 20 minute tub or sitz baths often; a tub or sitz bath that last longer than 20 minutes doesn’t make healing any faster. Sitz Bath Here’s how to do a sitz bath at home. Do these 2-3 times a day or as your doctor orders. Pick a time when your baby is asleep or someone else is watching her. • Wash your feet and legs and rinse out the bath tub. • Put a clean towel in the bottom of the tub and add 4 to 5 inches of warm water—do not get the water level over your incision. • Sit in the tub on the towel for 15 to 20 minutes. If the water starts getting cool, then let some water out and add new warm water. • When you finish, stand up slowly so you won’t get dizzy. Other ways to speed healing and make you more comfortable are: avoid standing or sitting for a long time in positions that put pressure on this area; sit on a pillow or rubber “donut” ring; lie on your side while resting or napping. Discomfort from hemorrhoids should start getting better once you begin treatment with the sitz baths and ice. Eating foods high in fiber (fruit, whole grains and raw vegetables) and drinking plenty of fluids (6 to 8 glasses a day) can prevent hard stools that can irritate your hemorrhoids. Ask your doctor about using a stool softener (Colace) to make stool easier to pass without straining. If you are breastfeeding, taking a stool softener may cause loose stools in your baby, too. A hemorrhoid may come from inside the rectum to the outside of the anus. If so, wash your hands, lubricate your finger, and gently push the hemorrhoid back into the rectum. Wash your hands afterwards. If you cannot get relief from the pain or the pain gets worse, call your doctor. Afterpains Even after labor and delivery are over you will have contractions in the uterus. These contractions are normal and happen as the uterus shrinks to its nonpregnant size—called involution. Contractions are important because they pinch off the blood vessels where the placenta was attached to the uterus and stop the bleeding. These contractions may cause cramps called afterpains. Afterpains decrease in severity after 48 hours, usually last about 3 or 4 days, and are a good sign that your uterus is getting smaller. Afterpains can range from mild to somewhat uncomfortable. Afterpains may be worse if you delivered a large baby, more than one baby, or if this isn’t your first baby. This is because the more the uterus has to stretch the more it has to shrink. Your doctor may give you Tylenol to ease the afterpains. It will help to keep your bladder empty, or lie on your stomach with a pillow under your abdomen. Afterpains can be more intense if you are breastfeeding. Your baby’s sucking releases a hormone that causes the uterus to contract. Ask your pediatrician if it is OK for you to take Tylenol 30 minutes to an hour before breastfeeding to ease the afterpains while nursing. If the afterpains are not relieved by Tylenol and become too uncomfortable for you, call your doctor. Stretch Marks Stretch marks might have formed on your abdomen during your pregnancy. You may notice them more now since they are not stretched out flat. Stretch marks will stay red to purple for awhile. Over the next 6 months they will get lighter on white skin and darker on black skin, but they will never go away completely. More About Self Care After Cesarean Birth Introduction to Self-care After Cesarean Birth Preventive Self Care Perineal Care Physical Changes and Healing Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC)Breast Care Activities and Healthy Exercise Nutrition and Diet Family Planning and Birth Control Normal “Baby Blues” or Postpartum Depression Your Postpartum Check-Up Get as Much Rest as You Can When to Call Your Doctor TIP 4 If you use one of the microwave gel packs, place a cloth between the gel pack and your skin to prevent burns. TIP 5 If you call your doctor about pain, tell him where the pain is coming from, such as your incision, your breasts, or your abdomen, and how much pain you are having. This information will help determine if the pain is expected or if it is a possible warning sign. TIP 6 If you must strain to move your bowels, support your incision by gently pressing against it as you bear down. This support will reduce discomfort.0 0
|
[
"Physical Changes and Healing After Cesarean Birth February 22, 2018 By Cindy Schmidler 1 Comment Your body goes through many physical changes while it is returning to its non-pregnant state.",
"You have been through a wonderful process and now it will take your body about 2 months for you to start feeling “normal” again.",
"One of the most noticeable changes is the return of the uterus to normal, called involution.",
"You can feel the changes in the uterus as cramps, called afterpains.",
"You can see the changes as your abdomen gets smaller.",
"You should also see a discharge, called lochia, that usually lasts about 3 weeks, but may last as long as 6 weeks.",
"Contents [ hide]1 Lochia2 Hemorrhoids2.1 Sitz Bath3 Afterpains4 Stretch Marks5 More About Self Care After Cesarean Birth Lochia Lochia is the lining of the uterus that is shed after giving birth.",
"It is a normal part of the healing process and not a cause for concern.",
"The lochia is made of blood, tissue, and mucous similar to a menstrual period.",
"The bleeding is heaviest right after birth and slowly decreases over the following 3 or 4 days.",
"For the first few days, you may notice heavier bleeding when you stand up after you have been sitting or lying down for a while.",
"Standing up does not cause the heavier f low.",
"The heavier flow comes from the release of blood that collects in the vagina while you are sitting or lying down.",
"Protect your furniture and bedding from accidents by using plastic-covered pads under your hips.",
"Until the lochia stops completely wear sanitary pads, not tampons.",
"Tampons increase the risk of infection in the uterus.",
"It is important for you to recognize when bleeding is a normal part of the lochia and when bleeding is a possible sign of hemorrhage.",
"Most hemorrhages happen right after delivery when the uterus does not begin shrinking right away.",
"However, hemorrhaging can happen anytime during the postpartum period.",
"Hemorrhage during this time can be caused by infection in the uterus or a piece of placenta can stick to the uterus and keep the uterus from healing in that spot.",
"The spot that doesn’t heal keeps bleeding.",
"Since the unhealed area is small, you probably won’t see a “gush” of blood.",
"Instead, you would see a steady drip, drip, drip which can become a serious problem—just think how fast a cup fills in the sink if you let the faucet drip, drip, drip.",
"If you have bleeding that soaks a pad in 15 minutes or less, call your doctor immediately.",
"If you cannot get in touch with your doctor have someone take you to the emergency room, or call 911 if you are alone.",
"Increased activity can cause more bleeding.",
"So try not to lift anything heavier than your baby.",
"Don’t be going up and down stairs often, and when you must, then go up and down slowly.",
"If you normally use stairs at home, then while you recover, set up a recovery area for you and your baby so you only have to go up and down stairs once in the morning and once again at night.",
"Dining rooms make great recovery areas because they aren’t used much.",
"If your bleeding starts to get heavier, get off your feet and rest.",
"Small blood clots, up to the size of a plum are normal.",
"However, clots and heavy bleeding that doesn’t stop with rest aren’t normal—if this happens call your doctor.",
"There are 3 normal stages of lochia.",
"It is important for you to know the stages so you can tell whether something may be wrong.",
"How many days each stage lasts isn’t as important as whether the amount of lochia keeps getting less and less as the color gets lighter as it changes from red to pink to creamy or white.",
"These are the normal stages of lochia.",
"1.",
"Lochia rubra — first 2 to 3 days after delivery • the lochia is mostly blood • the blood looks bright red • the blood flow can be heavy to moderate • you may see small blood clots2.",
"Lochia serosa — starts about day 4 and lasts until day 10 • the color changes to pink or pinkish-brown • the flow is much less • blood clots or bright red blood during this time may be signs of a problem.3.",
"Lochia alba — from about day 10 until day 21 • the color is light yellow to a cream color • the flow has almost stopped and does not smell • the presence of clots, a bad smell, or bright red blood may be signs of a problem.",
"The progression from lochia rubra to lochia serosa to lochia alba should not reverse.",
"The color should always turn from red to pink to white as the amount of discharge gets less and less.",
"If you see a red flow after the flow has turned pink or white, call your doctor right away.",
"Also, call your doctor right away: ☎ if you have heavy bleeding that soaks more than 1 pad per hour for 3 hours ☎ if you see blood clots or bright red blood after the 4th day ☎ if the lochia smells bad (it should smell like your normal menstrual f low) ☎ if you do not see any lochia during the first 2 weeks ☎ if you have bad cramps and heavy bleeding ☎ if you have a fever over 100.4˚ F ☎ if you have severe pain in your lower abdomen If you are not breastfeeding, you can expect to have your periods return within 4 to 8 weeks.",
"The first menstrual flow tends to be heavy and contain blood clots; your period may start, stop, start again.",
"The second period should be more or less normal.",
"As long as you are breastfeeding, your period will not ordinarily appear.",
"If it does, it won’t interfere with breastfeeding.",
"Hemorrhoids Hemorrhoids are swollen veins of the rectum.",
"Hemorrhoids can be caused by pressure from your baby’s weight.",
"Try applying ice for 20 minutes every 4 hours to relieve pain, shrink hemorrhoids, and speed return of normal bowel function.",
"Don’t put ice directly on your skin.",
"Put the ice in a plastic bag and then wrap it in a towel.",
"Sitting in a bathtub of warm water or sitz bath (see Sitz Bath above), or using cold witch hazel pads can reduce minor discomfort and itching.",
"Take 20 minute tub or sitz baths often; a tub or sitz bath that last longer than 20 minutes doesn’t make healing any faster.",
"Sitz Bath Here’s how to do a sitz bath at home.",
"Do these 2-3 times a day or as your doctor orders.",
"Pick a time when your baby is asleep or someone else is watching her.",
"• Wash your feet and legs and rinse out the bath tub.",
"• Put a clean towel in the bottom of the tub and add 4 to 5 inches of warm water—do not get the water level over your incision.",
"• Sit in the tub on the towel for 15 to 20 minutes.",
"If the water starts getting cool, then let some water out and add new warm water.",
"• When you finish, stand up slowly so you won’t get dizzy.",
"Other ways to speed healing and make you more comfortable are: avoid standing or sitting for a long time in positions that put pressure on this area; sit on a pillow or rubber “donut” ring; lie on your side while resting or napping.",
"Discomfort from hemorrhoids should start getting better once you begin treatment with the sitz baths and ice.",
"Eating foods high in fiber (fruit, whole grains and raw vegetables) and drinking plenty of fluids (6 to 8 glasses a day) can prevent hard stools that can irritate your hemorrhoids.",
"Ask your doctor about using a stool softener (Colace) to make stool easier to pass without straining.",
"If you are breastfeeding, taking a stool softener may cause loose stools in your baby, too.",
"A hemorrhoid may come from inside the rectum to the outside of the anus.",
"If so, wash your hands, lubricate your finger, and gently push the hemorrhoid back into the rectum.",
"Wash your hands afterwards.",
"If you cannot get relief from the pain or the pain gets worse, call your doctor.",
"Afterpains Even after labor and delivery are over you will have contractions in the uterus.",
"These contractions are normal and happen as the uterus shrinks to its nonpregnant size—called involution.",
"Contractions are important because they pinch off the blood vessels where the placenta was attached to the uterus and stop the bleeding.",
"These contractions may cause cramps called afterpains.",
"Afterpains decrease in severity after 48 hours, usually last about 3 or 4 days, and are a good sign that your uterus is getting smaller.",
"Afterpains can range from mild to somewhat uncomfortable.",
"Afterpains may be worse if you delivered a large baby, more than one baby, or if this isn’t your first baby.",
"This is because the more the uterus has to stretch the more it has to shrink.",
"Your doctor may give you Tylenol to ease the afterpains.",
"It will help to keep your bladder empty, or lie on your stomach with a pillow under your abdomen.",
"Afterpains can be more intense if you are breastfeeding.",
"Your baby’s sucking releases a hormone that causes the uterus to contract.",
"Ask your pediatrician if it is OK for you to take Tylenol 30 minutes to an hour before breastfeeding to ease the afterpains while nursing.",
"If the afterpains are not relieved by Tylenol and become too uncomfortable for you, call your doctor.",
"Stretch Marks Stretch marks might have formed on your abdomen during your pregnancy.",
"You may notice them more now since they are not stretched out flat.",
"Stretch marks will stay red to purple for awhile.",
"Over the next 6 months they will get lighter on white skin and darker on black skin, but they will never go away completely.",
"More About Self Care After Cesarean Birth Introduction to Self-care After Cesarean Birth Preventive Self Care Perineal Care Physical Changes and Healing Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC)Breast Care Activities and Healthy Exercise Nutrition and Diet Family Planning and Birth Control Normal “Baby Blues” or Postpartum Depression Your Postpartum Check-Up Get as Much Rest as You Can When to Call Your Doctor TIP 4 If you use one of the microwave gel packs, place a cloth between the gel pack and your skin to prevent burns.",
"TIP 5 If you call your doctor about pain, tell him where the pain is coming from, such as your incision, your breasts, or your abdomen, and how much pain you are having.",
"This information will help determine if the pain is expected or if it is a possible warning sign.",
"TIP 6 If you must strain to move your bowels, support your incision by gently pressing against it as you bear down.",
"This support will reduce discomfort.0 0"
] |
D92698
|
http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20440834,00.html
|
13 Foods That Fight Acid Reflux
|
Home Heartburn13 Foods That Fight Acid Reflux In Dropping Acid: The Reflux Diet Cookbook & Cure authors Jamie Kaufman, MD, Jordan Stern, MD, and Marc Bauer provide a groundbreaking approach to healthy eating. Health.com May 27, 2015An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:e7b1700c8c601ff3c8a6e496 Player ID: vjs_video_3OK1 of 14How to avoid heartburn In Dropping Acid: The Reflux Diet Cookbook & Cure, authors Jamie Koufman, MD, Jordan Stern, MD, and French master chef Marc Bauer take a healthy eating approach to reducing acid reflux. The book's staple foods offer plenty of variety and are geared toward reducing acid reflux. Turn your body into a heartburn-free zone by sticking with the following ingredients, which are featured in the book's 75 original, low-fat recipes. Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:2df8f726b6e687e0fe8798af Player ID: vjs_video_1410OK2 of 14Oatmeal Oatmeal is just about the best breakfast and any-time-of-day snack recommended by The Reflux Diet. It’s filling and doesn’t cause reflux. Even instant oatmeal with raisins is “legal” because the oatmeal absorbs the acidity of the raisins.3 of 14Ginger In moderation, ginger is one of the best foods for acid reflux. It has been used throughout history as an anti-inflammatory and as a treatment for gastrointestinal conditions. Ginger root can easily be peeled, sliced, diced, or shaved using a grater. You can use it while cooking, add it to smoothies, sip ginger tea, or snack on ginger chews. Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:dde7900fc0d01588072f0e0 Player ID: vjs_video_1829OK4 of 14Aloe vera Aloe vera is famous as a natural healing agent and also seems to treat acid reflux. It is available as a living plant, but the leaves or liquid form are sometimes sold separately in groceries and health-food stores. Aloe vera can be used in recipes as a thickener and for congealing liquids. Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:6778ade3d5a2970394659c31 Player ID: vjs_video_991OK5 of 14Salad You could do worse than to eat a salad every day. Salad is a primary meal for acid refluxers, although tomatoes and onions should be avoided, as well as cheese and high-fat dressings. Dressings that have some acid or fat can be added, but only one tablespoon (or less)—as measured, not guesstimated!Advertisement6 of 14 Corbis Banana Bananas make a great snack, and at p H 5.6, they’re usually great for people with acid reflux. However, about 1% of acid refluxers find that their condition is worsened by bananas. So keep in mind that what works for most people may not work for you. Advertisement7 of 14 Corbis Melon Melon (p H 6.1) is good for acid reflux. However, as with bananas, a small percentage (1% to 2%) of those with acid reflux need to avoid it. Also included in the good-for-reflux category are honeydew, cantaloupe, and watermelon. Advertisement8 of 14Fennel Fennel (p H 6.9) is a great food for acid reflux and actually seems to improve stomach function. This crunchy vegetable has a unique taste—a mild licorice flavor. Sliced thin (the white bottom part), it makes a healthy salad with arugula and baby spinach. It’s also great in chicken dishes, and makes a fine snack if you love the taste. Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:eb2524ac8e0aa3459aade970 Player ID: vjs_video_3505OK9 of 14Chicken and turkey Poultry is a staple of The Reflux Diet. It can be boiled, baked, grilled, or sautéed (but not fried! ), and you must remove the skin, which is high in fat. Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:f06d662656213c488263de45 Player ID: vjs_video_2248OK10 of 14Fish and seafood Seafood is another staple of The Reflux Diet. It should be baked, grilled, or sautéed, never fried. Shrimp, lobster, and other shellfish are also fine on this diet. Wild fish, not the farm-raised variety, is recommended. Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:21ef9fce4666a43a91396cec Player ID: vjs_video_3086OK11 of 14Roots and greens Cauliflower, broccoli, asparagus, green beans, and other greens are all great foods for the acid refluxer. Pretty much all of the green and the root vegetables are recommended for people following this diet. Advertisement12 of 14 Istockphoto Celery Celery has almost no calories because of its high water content, and is a good choice if you have acid reflux. It is also an appetite suppressant and excellent source of roughage. Advertisement13 of 14 Corbis Parsley For thousands of years, parsley has been used as a medicinal herb to settle the stomach and aid digestion. Flat-leaf and curly parsley are widely available, and they make a great seasoning and garnish. Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:a6c4e8cd5811f5fcbd529d46 Player ID: vjs_video_2667OK14 of 14Couscous and rice Couscous (semolina wheat), bulgur wheat, and rice (especially brown rice) are all outstanding foods for acid reflux. A complex carbohydrate is a good carbohydrate!You May Like Skin Conditions7 Foods That Might Be Giving You B. O. Mind & Body Anne Hathaway Reveals She's Gaining Weight—and Preemptively Shuts Down Body Shamers Nutrition6 “Healthy” Snacks a Nutritionist Will Immediately Cut From Your Diet Cancer Boy With Cancer Who Took Picture With MLB Star Reunites With Him 13 Years Later as a Dodger Celebrities Kelly Ripa’s Husband Mark Consuelos Went After Her Body Shamers Sex6 Erogenous Zones You Need to Pay More Attention to During Sex Read More Food Starting the Day with Orange Juice May Be Bad for Your Health, Study Suggests Style These Are the Shoes Joanna Gaines Wears All the Time Nutrition This Is the Surprising Diet Meghan Markle Sticks to on Weekdays Style This Too-Relatable SNL Commercial for Pro-Chiller Leggings Makes Us Wish We Could Buy Them for Real HEALTH NEWSLETTERSGet easy recipes, 30-day fitness challenges, videos, and more. Sign up
|
[
"Home Heartburn13 Foods That Fight Acid Reflux In Dropping Acid: The Reflux Diet Cookbook & Cure authors Jamie Kaufman, MD, Jordan Stern, MD, and Marc Bauer provide a groundbreaking approach to healthy eating.",
"Health.com May 27, 2015An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:e7b1700c8c601ff3c8a6e496 Player ID: vjs_video_3OK1 of 14How to avoid heartburn In Dropping Acid: The Reflux Diet Cookbook & Cure, authors Jamie Koufman, MD, Jordan Stern, MD, and French master chef Marc Bauer take a healthy eating approach to reducing acid reflux.",
"The book's staple foods offer plenty of variety and are geared toward reducing acid reflux.",
"Turn your body into a heartburn-free zone by sticking with the following ingredients, which are featured in the book's 75 original, low-fat recipes.",
"Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:2df8f726b6e687e0fe8798af Player ID: vjs_video_1410OK2 of 14Oatmeal Oatmeal is just about the best breakfast and any-time-of-day snack recommended by The Reflux Diet.",
"It’s filling and doesn’t cause reflux.",
"Even instant oatmeal with raisins is “legal” because the oatmeal absorbs the acidity of the raisins.3 of 14Ginger In moderation, ginger is one of the best foods for acid reflux.",
"It has been used throughout history as an anti-inflammatory and as a treatment for gastrointestinal conditions.",
"Ginger root can easily be peeled, sliced, diced, or shaved using a grater.",
"You can use it while cooking, add it to smoothies, sip ginger tea, or snack on ginger chews.",
"Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:dde7900fc0d01588072f0e0 Player ID: vjs_video_1829OK4 of 14Aloe vera Aloe vera is famous as a natural healing agent and also seems to treat acid reflux.",
"It is available as a living plant, but the leaves or liquid form are sometimes sold separately in groceries and health-food stores.",
"Aloe vera can be used in recipes as a thickener and for congealing liquids.",
"Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:6778ade3d5a2970394659c31 Player ID: vjs_video_991OK5 of 14Salad You could do worse than to eat a salad every day.",
"Salad is a primary meal for acid refluxers, although tomatoes and onions should be avoided, as well as cheese and high-fat dressings.",
"Dressings that have some acid or fat can be added, but only one tablespoon (or less)—as measured, not guesstimated!Advertisement6 of 14 Corbis Banana Bananas make a great snack, and at p H 5.6, they’re usually great for people with acid reflux.",
"However, about 1% of acid refluxers find that their condition is worsened by bananas.",
"So keep in mind that what works for most people may not work for you.",
"Advertisement7 of 14 Corbis Melon Melon (p H 6.1) is good for acid reflux.",
"However, as with bananas, a small percentage (1% to 2%) of those with acid reflux need to avoid it.",
"Also included in the good-for-reflux category are honeydew, cantaloupe, and watermelon.",
"Advertisement8 of 14Fennel Fennel (p H 6.9) is a great food for acid reflux and actually seems to improve stomach function.",
"This crunchy vegetable has a unique taste—a mild licorice flavor.",
"Sliced thin (the white bottom part), it makes a healthy salad with arugula and baby spinach.",
"It’s also great in chicken dishes, and makes a fine snack if you love the taste.",
"Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:eb2524ac8e0aa3459aade970 Player ID: vjs_video_3505OK9 of 14Chicken and turkey Poultry is a staple of The Reflux Diet.",
"It can be boiled, baked, grilled, or sautéed (but not fried!",
"), and you must remove the skin, which is high in fat.",
"Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:f06d662656213c488263de45 Player ID: vjs_video_2248OK10 of 14Fish and seafood Seafood is another staple of The Reflux Diet.",
"It should be baked, grilled, or sautéed, never fried.",
"Shrimp, lobster, and other shellfish are also fine on this diet.",
"Wild fish, not the farm-raised variety, is recommended.",
"Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:21ef9fce4666a43a91396cec Player ID: vjs_video_3086OK11 of 14Roots and greens Cauliflower, broccoli, asparagus, green beans, and other greens are all great foods for the acid refluxer.",
"Pretty much all of the green and the root vegetables are recommended for people following this diet.",
"Advertisement12 of 14 Istockphoto Celery Celery has almost no calories because of its high water content, and is a good choice if you have acid reflux.",
"It is also an appetite suppressant and excellent source of roughage.",
"Advertisement13 of 14 Corbis Parsley For thousands of years, parsley has been used as a medicinal herb to settle the stomach and aid digestion.",
"Flat-leaf and curly parsley are widely available, and they make a great seasoning and garnish.",
"Advertisement An unanticipated problem was encountered, check back soon and try again Error Code: MEDIA_ERR_UNKNOWNSession ID: 2018-04-10:a6c4e8cd5811f5fcbd529d46 Player ID: vjs_video_2667OK14 of 14Couscous and rice Couscous (semolina wheat), bulgur wheat, and rice (especially brown rice) are all outstanding foods for acid reflux.",
"A complex carbohydrate is a good carbohydrate!You May Like Skin Conditions7 Foods That Might Be Giving You B. O.",
"Mind & Body Anne Hathaway Reveals She's Gaining Weight—and Preemptively Shuts Down Body Shamers Nutrition6 “Healthy” Snacks a Nutritionist Will Immediately Cut From Your Diet Cancer Boy With Cancer Who Took Picture With MLB Star Reunites With Him 13 Years Later as a Dodger Celebrities Kelly Ripa’s Husband Mark Consuelos Went After Her Body Shamers Sex6 Erogenous Zones You Need to Pay More Attention to During Sex Read More Food Starting the Day with Orange Juice May Be Bad for Your Health, Study Suggests Style These Are the Shoes Joanna Gaines Wears All the Time Nutrition This Is the Surprising Diet Meghan Markle Sticks to on Weekdays Style This Too-Relatable SNL Commercial for Pro-Chiller Leggings Makes Us Wish We Could Buy Them for Real HEALTH NEWSLETTERSGet easy recipes, 30-day fitness challenges, videos, and more.",
"Sign up"
] |
D2243008
|
http://www.oralanswers.com/the-bumps-on-your-childs-permanent-front-teeth-are-mamelons/
|
Mamelons: The Bumps On Your Childâs Permanent Teeth Are Normal
|
Mamelons: The Bumps On Your Child’s Permanent Teeth Are Normal Pediatric Dentistry Jul 26, 2010 167©Jaimie Duplass/Shutterstock.com Have you ever noticed the little bumps on a brand new permanent front tooth in your child’s mouth? Sometimes parents think that their children’s teeth have something wrong with them when they first notice these serrated edges on their kids’ front teeth. Fortunately, there is nothing abnormal about these bumps and grooves. They are completely normal — so normal, in fact, that there is a special name to describe these bumps: mamelons. They appear due to the way that the permanent teeth develop. The Serrated Bumps on the Permanent Incisors Are Mamelons All teeth develop from what are called lobes. Deep down under the gums, the different lobes all grow together, each one forming a different part of the tooth. On the front teeth, the incisors, there are three lobes that come together to form the front of the tooth. You can visualize where these lobes joined together by looking at the mamelons. There was a front lobe on the left, one in the middle, and one on the right. Here’s a close-up of the above photo displaying the mamelons in greater detail: The three bumps on the lower middle front teeth are known as mamelons. They appear on all newly erupted permanent incisors. Why Don’t Adults Have Mamelons On Their Front Teeth? Usually mamelons are only present for a short time. Since they are uneven and rather thin, they tend to wear away pretty quickly as the child uses his or her new permanent teeth to chew their food. Interestingly enough, not long ago, I screened a new patient for treatment at the dental school and noticed that he still had his mamelons present. Mamelons can still be found on the front teeth of some adults when their teeth don’t come together in the way that they should. For example, if someone bites together and their front teeth don’t touch, then the mamelons won’t ever contact their opposing teeth. Because they don’t contact their opposing teeth, they don’t have a chance to get worn down (unless you’re chewing rocks, but then you’d probably have more to worry about than just keeping your mamelons! )Adults who still have their mamelons and don’t like their appearance can go to any dentist and have them smooth them out for a more aesthetic look. Conclusion If your child has bumps on their front teeth, don’t be alarmed! It’s completely normal to have these bumps on permanent front teeth — it would be abnormal to not have them. If you have any questions or comments about mamelons – the serrated edges on the front permanent teeth, please leave them in the comments section below. TAGS Mamelons Permanent Teeth Twitter Facebook Google + Pinterest
|
[
"Mamelons: The Bumps On Your Child’s Permanent Teeth Are Normal Pediatric Dentistry Jul 26, 2010 167©Jaimie Duplass/Shutterstock.com Have you ever noticed the little bumps on a brand new permanent front tooth in your child’s mouth?",
"Sometimes parents think that their children’s teeth have something wrong with them when they first notice these serrated edges on their kids’ front teeth.",
"Fortunately, there is nothing abnormal about these bumps and grooves.",
"They are completely normal — so normal, in fact, that there is a special name to describe these bumps: mamelons.",
"They appear due to the way that the permanent teeth develop.",
"The Serrated Bumps on the Permanent Incisors Are Mamelons All teeth develop from what are called lobes.",
"Deep down under the gums, the different lobes all grow together, each one forming a different part of the tooth.",
"On the front teeth, the incisors, there are three lobes that come together to form the front of the tooth.",
"You can visualize where these lobes joined together by looking at the mamelons.",
"There was a front lobe on the left, one in the middle, and one on the right.",
"Here’s a close-up of the above photo displaying the mamelons in greater detail: The three bumps on the lower middle front teeth are known as mamelons.",
"They appear on all newly erupted permanent incisors.",
"Why Don’t Adults Have Mamelons On Their Front Teeth?",
"Usually mamelons are only present for a short time.",
"Since they are uneven and rather thin, they tend to wear away pretty quickly as the child uses his or her new permanent teeth to chew their food.",
"Interestingly enough, not long ago, I screened a new patient for treatment at the dental school and noticed that he still had his mamelons present.",
"Mamelons can still be found on the front teeth of some adults when their teeth don’t come together in the way that they should.",
"For example, if someone bites together and their front teeth don’t touch, then the mamelons won’t ever contact their opposing teeth.",
"Because they don’t contact their opposing teeth, they don’t have a chance to get worn down (unless you’re chewing rocks, but then you’d probably have more to worry about than just keeping your mamelons!",
")Adults who still have their mamelons and don’t like their appearance can go to any dentist and have them smooth them out for a more aesthetic look.",
"Conclusion If your child has bumps on their front teeth, don’t be alarmed!",
"It’s completely normal to have these bumps on permanent front teeth — it would be abnormal to not have them.",
"If you have any questions or comments about mamelons – the serrated edges on the front permanent teeth, please leave them in the comments section below.",
"TAGS Mamelons Permanent Teeth Twitter Facebook Google + Pinterest"
] |
D367859
|
http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-gene-therapy
|
What is gene therapy?
|
In: Facts Targeting Disease What is gene therapy? Gene therapy is when DNA is introduced into a patient to treat a genetic disease. The new DNA usually contains a functioning gene to correct the effects of a disease-causing mutation. Gene therapy uses sections of The DNA is carefully selected to correct the effect of a mutated gene that is causing disease. The technique was first developed in 1972 but has, so far, had limited success in treating human diseases. Gene therapy may be a promising treatment option for some genetic diseases?, including muscular dystrophy? and cystic fibrosis?. There are two different types of gene therapy depending on which types of cells are treated: Somatic gene therapy: transfer of a section of DNA to any cell of the body that doesn’t produce sperm or eggs. Effects of gene therapy will not be passed onto the patient’s children. Germline gene therapy: transfer of a section of DNA to cells that produce eggs or sperm. Effects of gene therapy will be passed onto the patient’s children and subsequent generations. Gene therapy techniques There are several techniques for carrying out gene therapy. These include: Gene augmentation therapy This is used to treat diseases caused by a mutation that stops a gene from producing a functioning product, such as a protein?. This therapy adds DNA containing a functional version of the lost gene back into the cell. The new gene produces a functioning product at sufficient levels to replace the protein that was originally missing. This is only successful if the effects of the disease are reversible or have not resulted in lasting damage to the body. For example, this can be used to treat loss of function disorders such as cystic fibrosis by introducing a functional copy of the gene to correct the disease (see illustration below). Gene inhibition therapy Suitable for the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer and inherited disease caused by inappropriate gene activity. The aim is to introduce a gene whose product either:inhibits the expression of another geneinterferes with the activity of the product of another gene. The basis of this therapy is to eliminate the activity of a gene that encourages the growth of disease-related cells. For example, cancer is sometimes the result of the over-activation of an oncogene? (gene which stimulates cell growth). So, by eliminating the activity of that oncogene through gene inhibition therapy, it is possible to prevent further cell growth and stop the cancer in its tracks. Killing of specific cells Suitable for diseases such as cancer that can be treated by destroying certain groups of cells. The aim is to insert DNA into a diseased cell that causes that cell to die. This can be achieved in one of two ways:the inserted DNA contains a “suicide” gene that produces a highly toxic product which kills the diseased cellthe inserted DNA causes expression of a protein that marks the cells so that the diseased cells are attacked by the body’s natural immune system. It is essential with this method that the inserted DNA is targeted appropriately to avoid the death of cells that are functioning normally. How is DNA transfer done? A section of DNA/gene containing instructions for making a useful protein is packaged within a vector, usually a virus?, plasmid?. The vector acts as a vehicle to carry the new DNA into the cells of a patient with a genetic disease. Once inside the cells of the patient, the DNA/gene is expressed by the cell’s normal machinery leading to production of the therapeutic protein and treatment of the patient’s disease. An illustration to show the transfer of a new gene into the nucleus of a cell via a viral vector. Image credit: Genome Research Limited Challenges of gene therapy Delivering the gene to the right place and switching it on:it is crucial that the new gene reaches the right celldelivering a gene into the wrong cell would be inefficient and could also cause health problems for the patienteven once the right cell has been targeted the gene has to be turned oncells sometimes obstruct this process by shutting down genes that are showing unusual activity. Avoiding the immune response: The role of the immune system is to fight off intruders. Sometimes new genes introduced by gene therapy are considered potentially-harmful intruders. This can spark an immune response in the patient, that could be harmful to them. Scientists therefore have the challenge of finding a way to deliver genes without the immune system ‘noticing’. This is usually by using vectors that are less likely to trigger an immune response. Making sure the new gene doesn’t disrupt the function of other genes: Ideally, a new gene introduced by gene therapy will integrate itself into the genome of the patient and continue working for the rest of their lives. There is a risk that the new gene will insert itself into the path of another gene, disrupting its activity. This could have damaging effects, for example, if it interferes with an important gene involved in regulating cell division, it could result in cancer. The cost of gene therapy: Many genetic disorders that can be targeted with gene therapy are extremely rare. Gene therapy therefore often requires an individual, case-by-case approach. This may be effective, but may also be very expensive. Is this page helpful? Yes No Share Tweet Pin This page was last updated on 2016-12-19What is muscular dystrophy? Facts Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy are two inherited muscle-wasting diseases caused by mutations in the same gene on the X chromosome. What is cystic fibrosis? Facts Cystic fibrosis is a relatively common genetic condition in which the lungs and digestive system become clogged with thick, sticky mucus. Treating the bubble babies: gene therapy in use Stories Some children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a genetic disorder characterised by a reduced number of immune cells, have been treated using gene therapy. Is germline gene therapy ethical? Debates Germline gene therapy targets the reproductive cells, meaning any changes made to the DNA will be passed on to the next generation. Consequently, the practice has dramatically divided opinion. What is genome editing? Facts Genome editing is a way of making specific changes to the DNA of a cell or organism. An enzyme cuts the DNA at a specific sequence, and when this is repaired by the cell a change or ‘edit’ is made to the sequence. What is genetic engineering? Facts Genetic engineering refers to the direct manipulation of DNA to alter an organism’s characteristics (phenotype) in a particular way.
|
[
"In: Facts Targeting Disease What is gene therapy?",
"Gene therapy is when DNA is introduced into a patient to treat a genetic disease.",
"The new DNA usually contains a functioning gene to correct the effects of a disease-causing mutation.",
"Gene therapy uses sections of The DNA is carefully selected to correct the effect of a mutated gene that is causing disease.",
"The technique was first developed in 1972 but has, so far, had limited success in treating human diseases.",
"Gene therapy may be a promising treatment option for some genetic diseases?, including muscular dystrophy?",
"and cystic fibrosis?.",
"There are two different types of gene therapy depending on which types of cells are treated: Somatic gene therapy: transfer of a section of DNA to any cell of the body that doesn’t produce sperm or eggs.",
"Effects of gene therapy will not be passed onto the patient’s children.",
"Germline gene therapy: transfer of a section of DNA to cells that produce eggs or sperm.",
"Effects of gene therapy will be passed onto the patient’s children and subsequent generations.",
"Gene therapy techniques There are several techniques for carrying out gene therapy.",
"These include: Gene augmentation therapy This is used to treat diseases caused by a mutation that stops a gene from producing a functioning product, such as a protein?.",
"This therapy adds DNA containing a functional version of the lost gene back into the cell.",
"The new gene produces a functioning product at sufficient levels to replace the protein that was originally missing.",
"This is only successful if the effects of the disease are reversible or have not resulted in lasting damage to the body.",
"For example, this can be used to treat loss of function disorders such as cystic fibrosis by introducing a functional copy of the gene to correct the disease (see illustration below).",
"Gene inhibition therapy Suitable for the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer and inherited disease caused by inappropriate gene activity.",
"The aim is to introduce a gene whose product either:inhibits the expression of another geneinterferes with the activity of the product of another gene.",
"The basis of this therapy is to eliminate the activity of a gene that encourages the growth of disease-related cells.",
"For example, cancer is sometimes the result of the over-activation of an oncogene?",
"(gene which stimulates cell growth).",
"So, by eliminating the activity of that oncogene through gene inhibition therapy, it is possible to prevent further cell growth and stop the cancer in its tracks.",
"Killing of specific cells Suitable for diseases such as cancer that can be treated by destroying certain groups of cells.",
"The aim is to insert DNA into a diseased cell that causes that cell to die.",
"This can be achieved in one of two ways:the inserted DNA contains a “suicide” gene that produces a highly toxic product which kills the diseased cellthe inserted DNA causes expression of a protein that marks the cells so that the diseased cells are attacked by the body’s natural immune system.",
"It is essential with this method that the inserted DNA is targeted appropriately to avoid the death of cells that are functioning normally.",
"How is DNA transfer done?",
"A section of DNA/gene containing instructions for making a useful protein is packaged within a vector, usually a virus?, plasmid?.",
"The vector acts as a vehicle to carry the new DNA into the cells of a patient with a genetic disease.",
"Once inside the cells of the patient, the DNA/gene is expressed by the cell’s normal machinery leading to production of the therapeutic protein and treatment of the patient’s disease.",
"An illustration to show the transfer of a new gene into the nucleus of a cell via a viral vector.",
"Image credit: Genome Research Limited Challenges of gene therapy Delivering the gene to the right place and switching it on:it is crucial that the new gene reaches the right celldelivering a gene into the wrong cell would be inefficient and could also cause health problems for the patienteven once the right cell has been targeted the gene has to be turned oncells sometimes obstruct this process by shutting down genes that are showing unusual activity.",
"Avoiding the immune response: The role of the immune system is to fight off intruders.",
"Sometimes new genes introduced by gene therapy are considered potentially-harmful intruders.",
"This can spark an immune response in the patient, that could be harmful to them.",
"Scientists therefore have the challenge of finding a way to deliver genes without the immune system ‘noticing’.",
"This is usually by using vectors that are less likely to trigger an immune response.",
"Making sure the new gene doesn’t disrupt the function of other genes: Ideally, a new gene introduced by gene therapy will integrate itself into the genome of the patient and continue working for the rest of their lives.",
"There is a risk that the new gene will insert itself into the path of another gene, disrupting its activity.",
"This could have damaging effects, for example, if it interferes with an important gene involved in regulating cell division, it could result in cancer.",
"The cost of gene therapy: Many genetic disorders that can be targeted with gene therapy are extremely rare.",
"Gene therapy therefore often requires an individual, case-by-case approach.",
"This may be effective, but may also be very expensive.",
"Is this page helpful?",
"Yes No Share Tweet Pin This page was last updated on 2016-12-19What is muscular dystrophy?",
"Facts Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy are two inherited muscle-wasting diseases caused by mutations in the same gene on the X chromosome.",
"What is cystic fibrosis?",
"Facts Cystic fibrosis is a relatively common genetic condition in which the lungs and digestive system become clogged with thick, sticky mucus.",
"Treating the bubble babies: gene therapy in use Stories Some children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a genetic disorder characterised by a reduced number of immune cells, have been treated using gene therapy.",
"Is germline gene therapy ethical?",
"Debates Germline gene therapy targets the reproductive cells, meaning any changes made to the DNA will be passed on to the next generation.",
"Consequently, the practice has dramatically divided opinion.",
"What is genome editing?",
"Facts Genome editing is a way of making specific changes to the DNA of a cell or organism.",
"An enzyme cuts the DNA at a specific sequence, and when this is repaired by the cell a change or ‘edit’ is made to the sequence.",
"What is genetic engineering?",
"Facts Genetic engineering refers to the direct manipulation of DNA to alter an organism’s characteristics (phenotype) in a particular way."
] |
D711161
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http://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/angioimmunoblastic-t-cell-lymphoma/
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Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma
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"Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma Last updated March 25, 2017Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma is a rare and aggressive type of nodal or soft tissue lymphoma. What are the other Names for this Condition? (Also known as/Synonyms)AITL (Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma)AITL, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Type Lymphogranulomatosis X (Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma)What is Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma? (Definition/Background Information)Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL) is a rare and aggressive type of nodal or soft tissue lymphoma. Nodal lymphomas are restricted to lymph nodes, and generally do not enter the blood stream, until later stages of the disease Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer stemming from uncontrollably dividing lymphocytes (type of white blood cells). There are two types of lymphomas: Hodgkin Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma AITL is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. They are differentiated by detecting the types of proteins expressed on the surface of the cancer cells, and by the way they look under a microscope, when examined by a pathologist Lymphocytes are a class of white blood cells that are part of the lymphatic system. Lymphocytes are made in bone marrow, and can develop into either B-cells or T-cells. T-cells mature in the thymus; AITL arises from cancerous T-cells Normally, lymphocytes help generate an immune response to infections. These cells can recognize a wide variety of foreign invaders. They can also remember them and respond accordingly, if the body is infected with the same bacteria/virus ever again The lymphatic system is responsible for immunity to diseases. The organs of the lymphatic system are lymph nodes, bone marrow, the spleen, thymus, and tonsils. T-cells can travel from the thymus to other parts of the lymphatic system T-cells are responsible for recognizing cells that are altered or infected, and it includes attempting to kill cells that are cancerous too Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL) is associated with autoimmune disorders, and is characterized by a dysfunctional immune system. Examples of such autoimmune disorders include: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)Autoimmune disorders attack one’s own tissues, such as the red blood cells and platelets. Common signs and symptoms of AITL are non-painful enlarged lymph nodes, fluid accumulation, joint inflammation, weight loss, excessive night sweats, and low red blood cell counts The condition is most commonly treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and supportive care However, the prognosis of AITL is very poor, with a high chance of relapse Who gets Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma? (Age and Sex Distribution)Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma is a rare condition. It accounts for only 1-2% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases (in the US), and only 18.5% of T-cell lymphomas cases. Though, it is the second most common type of T-cell lymphoma Adults, aged 60 years or older, are at the highest risk for AITL. It is very rare in young adults and children Men are more likely to develop the condition, than women There is no specific ethnic or racial predisposition What are the Risk Factors for Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma? (Predisposing Factors)Some risk factors associated with Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma include: A diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (a virus causing mononucleosis) has been made in 90% of AITL cases; although, the connection between the two, is unknown Other viruses and infections that have been linked to AITL are human immunodeficiency virus, herpes virus, hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus, cryptococcus, and tuberculosis. It is unknown what is the potential risk for developing AITL from these factors Dysfunctional vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) may be linked to AITL, because it normally helps create new blood vessels and if mutated, may help tumors form blood vessel networks Exposure to chemicals, such as pesticides and fertilizers, as well as smoking and diet, has been suggested as links to other forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors. Some risk factors are more important than others. Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition. It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider. What are the Causes of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma? (Etiology)Currently, the exact cause of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma is not completely understood AITL may arise from a dysfunctional immune system reacting to one’s own body (an autoimmune reaction), or due to an unknown foreign invader (antigen)What are the Signs and Symptoms of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma? The signs and symptoms of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma include:‘Non-painful’ swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin Autoimmune disorders, which can cause joint and muscle pain, heat intolerance, recurrent rashes, abdominal pain, and a general feeling of illness Neurological symptoms, such as: Confusion Tinnitus Hearing and visual impairment Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as: Ulcers Diarrhea Inflammation GI bleeding Skin rash (that may or may not itch)Liver and spleen enlargement, joint inflammation, and fluid accumulation (edema)Loss of appetite and weight loss Fatigue High temperatures and excessive night sweats Anemia (low red blood cell count)How is Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma Diagnosed? It often takes multiple tests to diagnose lymphoma. It is critical that the specific sub-type of lymphoma be diagnosed correctly, in order to create a proper treatment plan. Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma diagnosis involves: A physical examination and a complete medical history by a doctor can help determine, if symptoms like lymph node swelling, are likely caused by an infection, or if there is a risk of lymphoma Biopsies of enlarged lymph nodes are taken and examined in a lab, to determine if the cells are malignant or benign. The biopsies may be performed under general or local anesthesia. Normally, the entire lymph node is removed to help determine the sub-type of lymphoma Bone marrow biopsies may be performed, to determine if the bone marrow is involved Blood tests to evaluate red and white blood cells, as well as platelet counts Lumbar puncture to determine, if AITL involves the brain X-rays of chest and abdomen, to look for enlarged lymph nodes, liver, or spleen. Whole body CT-PET scan - to determine the spread of lymphoma, by determining the size and metabolic rate (a reflection of uncontrolled growth) of lymph nodes, throughout the body. This can also determine if the cancer has spread to other organ systems. Brain MRIs are used if neurologic symptoms are present, to determine if cancer has spread to the brain, or to the tissue that covers the brain (meninges)Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms. Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. What are the possible Complications of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma? The possible complications from Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma include: AITL is very aggressive, and can spread from the lymph nodes to all organ systems Many adverse symptoms are caused by an abnormal immune system, in addition to the tumor. This cancer can cause autoimmune disorders by causing cells to produce abnormal proteins that are recognized as foreign Treatments can cause secondary health problems, such as secondary forms of cancer and heart disease There is a high risk of relapse and a low percent of long-term survival How is Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma Treated? Once a definitive diagnosis of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma has been made, staging is performed to determine how far the cancer has spread. The stage can describe: How many lymph nodes are affected Their locations in the body And, if other organs are being affected Staging is important because different treatment regimens are necessary, depending on the progression of the lymphoma. Stage 1: Only one group of lymph nodes in one location is affected Stage 2: Lymph nodes in multiple locations that are all above or below the diaphragm are affected Stage 3: Lymph nodes in multiple locations, both above and below the diaphragm are affected Stage 4: Lymph nodes located throughout the body, the bone marrow, and other organs are affected Category A: No symptoms are present at the time of diagnosis Category B: Presence of one or more symptoms at the time of diagnosis A combination of treatments is used to most effectively treat this cancer. The aggressiveness of the treatment is determined by the disease stage. Surgery: After initial biopsies to diagnose AITL, surgery is generally a very uncommon treatment option, because lymphomas are systemic and may have already spread to more than one lymph node in most patients. Removing all affected lymph nodes would be extremely difficult. Chemotherapy: This approach uses a combination of drugs to kill the cancerous cells and can be used for patients, at all stages of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma. Commonly, the drug combination CHOP is used first, which includes doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone There can be severe side effects including fatigue, nausea, hair loss, anemia, high risk of infection, and drug-specific reactions Many T-cell lymphomas can be resistant to chemotherapy. It can also damage healthy cells Chemotherapy can be administered as a pill, liquid, shot, or intravenously Radiation: Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy radiation waves, to kill cancer cells by destroying their DNA. This treatment modality is generally used for early stage lymphomas. It is most commonly used in combination with chemotherapy The radiation may be administered by a machine placed outside the body, or by putting a radioactive material inside the body The side effects of radiation therapy include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, pain, risk of cancer later in life, and a risk of heart disease Radiation can damage healthy cells in addition to cancer cells, causing further complications Stem cell support: In combination with chemotherapy, blood stem cells can be taken from a patient before treatment and administered to them, later during the treatment, in order to help restore blood cells killed by chemotherapy. This treatment can have severe side effects; hence, it is not administered to all patients. Supportive treatment: Steroids, blood transfusions, anti-nausea medications, and antibiotics, may also be used. In combination with other treatment measures, these can help combat the symptoms of immune deficiency. Clinical trials: There are some new treatment options, currently on clinical trials that can be considered for some patients, depending on their risk factors. Current drugs under investigation are: Bevacizumab: This helps prevent the formation of new blood vessels Cyclosporine: This helps treat immune deficiency, and has been shown to lead to remission Interferon alpha: This drug can be used for patients, who do not respond to other therapies. Some studies have shown that individuals may go into remission on this treatment Other drugs include: Lenalidomide, Alemtuzumab, Romidepsin, Pralatrexate, Thalidomide, and Rituximab How can Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma be Prevented? Currently, there are no definitive ways to prevent Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma However, healthy diet and exercise, as well as avoidance of unnecessary exposure to chemicals, may help decrease its risk Regular medical screening at periodic intervals with blood tests, scans, and physical examinations, are mandatory for those who have already endured the tumor, due to its metastasizing potential and possibility of recurrence. Often several years of active vigilance is necessary What is the Prognosis of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma? (Outcomes/Resolutions)Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma is an aggressive form of T-cell lymphoma, with a high risk of relapse. The prognosis of AITL is generally moderate to poor The overall survival rate for patients with AITL, over a 5-year period is 44%. This may drop to 36% at 10 years, after diagnosis Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma: The term ‘Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma’ comes from the words “angio-"", for blood vessels, and “immunoblast” for lymph cells. This form of T-cell lymphoma can increase the number of blood vessels in the affected regions of the body T-cell lymphomas are less common than B-cell Lymphomas What are some Useful Resources for Additional Information? Lymphoma Research Foundation 115 Broadway, Suite 1301, New York, NY 10006 Phone: (212) 349-2910 Fax: (212) 349-2886 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.lymphoma.org Leukemia and Lymphoma Society 1311 Mamaroneck Avenue, Suite 310, White Plains, NY 10605 Phone: (914) 949-5213 Toll-Free: (800) 955-4572 Fax: (914) 949-6691 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.lls.org National Cancer Institute (NCI) U. S. National Institutes of Health Public Inquiries Office Building 31, Room 10A03 31 Center Drive, MSC 8322 Bethesda, MD 20892-2580 Phone: (301) 435-3848 Toll-Free: (800) 422-6237 TTY: (800) 332-8615 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.cancer.gov American Cancer Society (ACS) 1599 Clifton Road, NE Atlanta, GA 30329-4251 Toll-Free: (800) 227-2345 TTY: (866) 228-4327 Website: http://www.cancer.org National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) 55 Kenosia Avenue Danbury, CT 06810 Phone: (203) 744-0100 Toll-Free: (800) 999-6673 Fax: (203) 798-2291 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.rarediseases.org References and Information Sources used for the Article:http://rarediseases.org/rare-disease-information/rare-diseases/by ID/439/view Full Report (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.lymphoma.org/site/pp.asp?c=bk LTKa OQLm K8E&b=6300145 (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkinlymphoma/detailedguide/non-hodgkin-lymphoma-risk-factors (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/352799/lymphocyte (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html (accessed on 4/25/14)http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/blood2.htm (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Lymphomanon-Hodgkin/Typesof NHL/PTCLNOS.aspx (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/radiation (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003321-pdf.pdf (accessed on 4/25/14)http://lymphoma.about.com/od/nonhodgkinlymphoma/qt/angiolymphoma.htm (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24651162 (accessed on 4/25/14)https://www.lymphomas.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/Angioimmunoblastic-T-cell-lymphoma.pdf (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24651162 (accessed on 4/25/14)Helpful Peer-Reviewed Medical Articles: Dove Med is currently working on a peer-reviewed database, to complement the information presented. Please do check back periodically. Reviewed and Approved by a member of the Dove Med Editorial Board First uploaded: May 8, 2014 Last updated: March 25, 2017Health Centers Diseases & Conditions Cancer & Benign Tumors Blood Disorders Was this article helpful? Yes No Sorry, the browser you are using is not currently supported. Disqus actively supports the following browsers: Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11+Safari Top Physicians in your area Andrzej Salita, MDFamily Medicine0 Reviews718-389-8822126 Greenpoint Ave, Brooklyn, NY 112220 miles Hayley Glenn Buchholz, DMDDentistry0 Reviews718-389-9595108 Norman Ave, Brooklyn NY0 miles Edward M Fox, DDSDentistry0 Reviews718-389-9595108 Norman Ave, Brooklyn NY0 miles Anna Krystyna Radziwon, DDSDentistry0 Reviews718-389-8889162 Norman Ave, Brooklyn NY0 miles SEARCH DOCTORS IN YOUR AREATop Hospitals in your area Bellevue Hospital Center General Medical and Surgical0 Reviews212-562-4141462 First Avenue, New York, NY 100162 miles Nyu Langone Medical Center General Medical and Surgical0 Reviews646-929-7870550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 100162 miles Woodhull Medical And Mental Health Center General Medical and Surgical0 Reviews718-963-8000760 Broadway, Brooklyn, New York, NY 112062 miles Wyckoff Heights Medical Center General Medical and Surgical0 Reviews718-963-7272374 Stockholm Street, Brooklyn, New York, NY 112371 miles SEARCH HOSPITALS IN YOUR AREA "
|
[
"\"Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma Last updated March 25, 2017Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma is a rare and aggressive type of nodal or soft tissue lymphoma.",
"What are the other Names for this Condition?",
"(Also known as/Synonyms)AITL (Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma)AITL, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Type Lymphogranulomatosis X (Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma)What is Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma?",
"(Definition/Background Information)Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL) is a rare and aggressive type of nodal or soft tissue lymphoma.",
"Nodal lymphomas are restricted to lymph nodes, and generally do not enter the blood stream, until later stages of the disease Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer stemming from uncontrollably dividing lymphocytes (type of white blood cells).",
"There are two types of lymphomas: Hodgkin Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma AITL is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.",
"They are differentiated by detecting the types of proteins expressed on the surface of the cancer cells, and by the way they look under a microscope, when examined by a pathologist Lymphocytes are a class of white blood cells that are part of the lymphatic system.",
"Lymphocytes are made in bone marrow, and can develop into either B-cells or T-cells.",
"T-cells mature in the thymus; AITL arises from cancerous T-cells Normally, lymphocytes help generate an immune response to infections.",
"These cells can recognize a wide variety of foreign invaders.",
"They can also remember them and respond accordingly, if the body is infected with the same bacteria/virus ever again The lymphatic system is responsible for immunity to diseases.",
"The organs of the lymphatic system are lymph nodes, bone marrow, the spleen, thymus, and tonsils.",
"T-cells can travel from the thymus to other parts of the lymphatic system T-cells are responsible for recognizing cells that are altered or infected, and it includes attempting to kill cells that are cancerous too Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma (AITL) is associated with autoimmune disorders, and is characterized by a dysfunctional immune system.",
"Examples of such autoimmune disorders include: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)Autoimmune disorders attack one’s own tissues, such as the red blood cells and platelets.",
"Common signs and symptoms of AITL are non-painful enlarged lymph nodes, fluid accumulation, joint inflammation, weight loss, excessive night sweats, and low red blood cell counts The condition is most commonly treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and supportive care However, the prognosis of AITL is very poor, with a high chance of relapse Who gets Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma?",
"(Age and Sex Distribution)Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma is a rare condition.",
"It accounts for only 1-2% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases (in the US), and only 18.5% of T-cell lymphomas cases.",
"Though, it is the second most common type of T-cell lymphoma Adults, aged 60 years or older, are at the highest risk for AITL.",
"It is very rare in young adults and children Men are more likely to develop the condition, than women There is no specific ethnic or racial predisposition What are the Risk Factors for Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma?",
"(Predisposing Factors)Some risk factors associated with Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma include: A diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (a virus causing mononucleosis) has been made in 90% of AITL cases; although, the connection between the two, is unknown Other viruses and infections that have been linked to AITL are human immunodeficiency virus, herpes virus, hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus, cryptococcus, and tuberculosis.",
"It is unknown what is the potential risk for developing AITL from these factors Dysfunctional vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) may be linked to AITL, because it normally helps create new blood vessels and if mutated, may help tumors form blood vessel networks Exposure to chemicals, such as pesticides and fertilizers, as well as smoking and diet, has been suggested as links to other forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.",
"It is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition.",
"A risk factor increases ones chances of getting a condition compared to an individual without the risk factors.",
"Some risk factors are more important than others.",
"Also, not having a risk factor does not mean that an individual will not get the condition.",
"It is always important to discuss the effect of risk factors with your healthcare provider.",
"What are the Causes of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma?",
"(Etiology)Currently, the exact cause of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma is not completely understood AITL may arise from a dysfunctional immune system reacting to one’s own body (an autoimmune reaction), or due to an unknown foreign invader (antigen)What are the Signs and Symptoms of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma?",
"The signs and symptoms of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma include:‘Non-painful’ swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin Autoimmune disorders, which can cause joint and muscle pain, heat intolerance, recurrent rashes, abdominal pain, and a general feeling of illness Neurological symptoms, such as: Confusion Tinnitus Hearing and visual impairment Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as: Ulcers Diarrhea Inflammation GI bleeding Skin rash (that may or may not itch)Liver and spleen enlargement, joint inflammation, and fluid accumulation (edema)Loss of appetite and weight loss Fatigue High temperatures and excessive night sweats Anemia (low red blood cell count)How is Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma Diagnosed?",
"It often takes multiple tests to diagnose lymphoma.",
"It is critical that the specific sub-type of lymphoma be diagnosed correctly, in order to create a proper treatment plan.",
"Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma diagnosis involves: A physical examination and a complete medical history by a doctor can help determine, if symptoms like lymph node swelling, are likely caused by an infection, or if there is a risk of lymphoma Biopsies of enlarged lymph nodes are taken and examined in a lab, to determine if the cells are malignant or benign.",
"The biopsies may be performed under general or local anesthesia.",
"Normally, the entire lymph node is removed to help determine the sub-type of lymphoma Bone marrow biopsies may be performed, to determine if the bone marrow is involved Blood tests to evaluate red and white blood cells, as well as platelet counts Lumbar puncture to determine, if AITL involves the brain X-rays of chest and abdomen, to look for enlarged lymph nodes, liver, or spleen.",
"Whole body CT-PET scan - to determine the spread of lymphoma, by determining the size and metabolic rate (a reflection of uncontrolled growth) of lymph nodes, throughout the body.",
"This can also determine if the cancer has spread to other organ systems.",
"Brain MRIs are used if neurologic symptoms are present, to determine if cancer has spread to the brain, or to the tissue that covers the brain (meninges)Many clinical conditions may have similar signs and symptoms.",
"Your healthcare provider may perform additional tests to rule out other clinical conditions to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.",
"What are the possible Complications of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma?",
"The possible complications from Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma include: AITL is very aggressive, and can spread from the lymph nodes to all organ systems Many adverse symptoms are caused by an abnormal immune system, in addition to the tumor.",
"This cancer can cause autoimmune disorders by causing cells to produce abnormal proteins that are recognized as foreign Treatments can cause secondary health problems, such as secondary forms of cancer and heart disease There is a high risk of relapse and a low percent of long-term survival How is Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma Treated?",
"Once a definitive diagnosis of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma has been made, staging is performed to determine how far the cancer has spread.",
"The stage can describe: How many lymph nodes are affected Their locations in the body And, if other organs are being affected Staging is important because different treatment regimens are necessary, depending on the progression of the lymphoma.",
"Stage 1: Only one group of lymph nodes in one location is affected Stage 2: Lymph nodes in multiple locations that are all above or below the diaphragm are affected Stage 3: Lymph nodes in multiple locations, both above and below the diaphragm are affected Stage 4: Lymph nodes located throughout the body, the bone marrow, and other organs are affected Category A: No symptoms are present at the time of diagnosis Category B: Presence of one or more symptoms at the time of diagnosis A combination of treatments is used to most effectively treat this cancer.",
"The aggressiveness of the treatment is determined by the disease stage.",
"Surgery: After initial biopsies to diagnose AITL, surgery is generally a very uncommon treatment option, because lymphomas are systemic and may have already spread to more than one lymph node in most patients.",
"Removing all affected lymph nodes would be extremely difficult.",
"Chemotherapy: This approach uses a combination of drugs to kill the cancerous cells and can be used for patients, at all stages of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma.",
"Commonly, the drug combination CHOP is used first, which includes doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone There can be severe side effects including fatigue, nausea, hair loss, anemia, high risk of infection, and drug-specific reactions Many T-cell lymphomas can be resistant to chemotherapy.",
"It can also damage healthy cells Chemotherapy can be administered as a pill, liquid, shot, or intravenously Radiation: Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy radiation waves, to kill cancer cells by destroying their DNA.",
"This treatment modality is generally used for early stage lymphomas.",
"It is most commonly used in combination with chemotherapy The radiation may be administered by a machine placed outside the body, or by putting a radioactive material inside the body The side effects of radiation therapy include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, pain, risk of cancer later in life, and a risk of heart disease Radiation can damage healthy cells in addition to cancer cells, causing further complications Stem cell support: In combination with chemotherapy, blood stem cells can be taken from a patient before treatment and administered to them, later during the treatment, in order to help restore blood cells killed by chemotherapy.",
"This treatment can have severe side effects; hence, it is not administered to all patients.",
"Supportive treatment: Steroids, blood transfusions, anti-nausea medications, and antibiotics, may also be used.",
"In combination with other treatment measures, these can help combat the symptoms of immune deficiency.",
"Clinical trials: There are some new treatment options, currently on clinical trials that can be considered for some patients, depending on their risk factors.",
"Current drugs under investigation are: Bevacizumab: This helps prevent the formation of new blood vessels Cyclosporine: This helps treat immune deficiency, and has been shown to lead to remission Interferon alpha: This drug can be used for patients, who do not respond to other therapies.",
"Some studies have shown that individuals may go into remission on this treatment Other drugs include: Lenalidomide, Alemtuzumab, Romidepsin, Pralatrexate, Thalidomide, and Rituximab How can Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma be Prevented?",
"Currently, there are no definitive ways to prevent Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma However, healthy diet and exercise, as well as avoidance of unnecessary exposure to chemicals, may help decrease its risk Regular medical screening at periodic intervals with blood tests, scans, and physical examinations, are mandatory for those who have already endured the tumor, due to its metastasizing potential and possibility of recurrence.",
"Often several years of active vigilance is necessary What is the Prognosis of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma?",
"(Outcomes/Resolutions)Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma is an aggressive form of T-cell lymphoma, with a high risk of relapse.",
"The prognosis of AITL is generally moderate to poor The overall survival rate for patients with AITL, over a 5-year period is 44%.",
"This may drop to 36% at 10 years, after diagnosis Additional and Relevant Useful Information for Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma: The term ‘Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma’ comes from the words “angio-\"\", for blood vessels, and “immunoblast” for lymph cells.",
"This form of T-cell lymphoma can increase the number of blood vessels in the affected regions of the body T-cell lymphomas are less common than B-cell Lymphomas What are some Useful Resources for Additional Information?",
"Lymphoma Research Foundation 115 Broadway, Suite 1301, New York, NY 10006 Phone: (212) 349-2910 Fax: (212) 349-2886 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.lymphoma.org Leukemia and Lymphoma Society 1311 Mamaroneck Avenue, Suite 310, White Plains, NY 10605 Phone: (914) 949-5213 Toll-Free: (800) 955-4572 Fax: (914) 949-6691 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.lls.org National Cancer Institute (NCI) U. S. National Institutes of Health Public Inquiries Office Building 31, Room 10A03 31 Center Drive, MSC 8322 Bethesda, MD 20892-2580 Phone: (301) 435-3848 Toll-Free: (800) 422-6237 TTY: (800) 332-8615 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.cancer.gov American Cancer Society (ACS) 1599 Clifton Road, NE Atlanta, GA 30329-4251 Toll-Free: (800) 227-2345 TTY: (866) 228-4327 Website: http://www.cancer.org National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) 55 Kenosia Avenue Danbury, CT 06810 Phone: (203) 744-0100 Toll-Free: (800) 999-6673 Fax: (203) 798-2291 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.rarediseases.org References and Information Sources used for the Article:http://rarediseases.org/rare-disease-information/rare-diseases/by ID/439/view Full Report (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.lymphoma.org/site/pp.asp?c=bk LTKa OQLm K8E&b=6300145 (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkinlymphoma/detailedguide/non-hodgkin-lymphoma-risk-factors (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/352799/lymphocyte (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html (accessed on 4/25/14)http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/blood2.htm (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Lymphomanon-Hodgkin/Typesof NHL/PTCLNOS.aspx (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/radiation (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003321-pdf.pdf (accessed on 4/25/14)http://lymphoma.about.com/od/nonhodgkinlymphoma/qt/angiolymphoma.htm (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24651162 (accessed on 4/25/14)https://www.lymphomas.org.uk/sites/default/files/pdfs/Angioimmunoblastic-T-cell-lymphoma.pdf (accessed on 4/25/14)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24651162 (accessed on 4/25/14)Helpful Peer-Reviewed Medical Articles: Dove Med is currently working on a peer-reviewed database, to complement the information presented.",
"Please do check back periodically.",
"Reviewed and Approved by a member of the Dove Med Editorial Board First uploaded: May 8, 2014 Last updated: March 25, 2017Health Centers Diseases & Conditions Cancer & Benign Tumors Blood Disorders Was this article helpful?",
"Yes No Sorry, the browser you are using is not currently supported.",
"Disqus actively supports the following browsers: Firefox Chrome Internet Explorer 11+Safari Top Physicians in your area Andrzej Salita, MDFamily Medicine0 Reviews718-389-8822126 Greenpoint Ave, Brooklyn, NY 112220 miles Hayley Glenn Buchholz, DMDDentistry0 Reviews718-389-9595108 Norman Ave, Brooklyn NY0 miles Edward M Fox, DDSDentistry0 Reviews718-389-9595108 Norman Ave, Brooklyn NY0 miles Anna Krystyna Radziwon, DDSDentistry0 Reviews718-389-8889162 Norman Ave, Brooklyn NY0 miles SEARCH DOCTORS IN YOUR AREATop Hospitals in your area Bellevue Hospital Center General Medical and Surgical0 Reviews212-562-4141462 First Avenue, New York, NY 100162 miles Nyu Langone Medical Center General Medical and Surgical0 Reviews646-929-7870550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 100162 miles Woodhull Medical And Mental Health Center General Medical and Surgical0 Reviews718-963-8000760 Broadway, Brooklyn, New York, NY 112062 miles Wyckoff Heights Medical Center General Medical and Surgical0 Reviews718-963-7272374 Stockholm Street, Brooklyn, New York, NY 112371 miles SEARCH HOSPITALS IN YOUR AREA \""
] |
D1474810
|
http://www.countrycallingcodes.com/us-area-codes.php?State=Georgia&City=Atlanta
|
Atlanta, Georgia Area Codes
|
Atlanta, Georgia Area Codes Georgia State Flag To call Atlanta, Georgia (United States) select the country you're calling from, then dial: Exit Code + 1 + (404 or 470 or 678 or 770) + The Number* Do not dial the plus (+) symbols Change City Change State Calling Atlanta, Georgia? Call NOW for just 1¢/min! No fees, we promise!Atlanta, Georgia Information The Atlanta area code is 404 or 470 or 678 or 770The current time in Atlanta, Georgia is 10:55AM (10:55AM)Atlanta, Georgia is located in Cobb, Dekalb, and Fulton counties. Atlanta, Georgia observes Daylight Savings Time. Atlanta zip codes:30301, 30302, 30303, 30304, 30305, 30306, 30307, 30308, 30309, 30310, 30311, 30312, 30313, 30314, 30315, 30316, 30317, 30318, 30319, 30320, 30321, 30322, 30324, 30325, 30326, 30327, 30328, 30329, 30330, 30331, 30332, 30333, 30334, 30336, 30337, 30338, 30339, 30340, 30341, 30342, 30343, 30344, 30345, 30346, 30348, 30349, 30350, 30353, 30354, 30355, 30356, 30357, 30358, 30359, 30360, 30361, 30362, 30363, 30364, 30366, 30368, 30369, 30370, 30371, 30374, 30375, 30377, 30378, 30380, 30384, 30385, 30388, 30392, 30394, 30396, 30398, 31106, 31107, 31119, 31126, 31131, 31136, 31139, 31141, 31145, 31146, 31150, 31156, 31192, 31193, 31195, 31196, 39901Save on your call to Atlanta, Georgia: Rebtel - Get $10 free to call Atlanta To search for another area code, select the country you are calling from the dropdown:\n BOOKMARK THIS PAGE DOWNLOAD THIS TOOLTELL A FRIEND PRINT THIS PAGEWe hope that Country Calling Codes has been helpful in finding the city area codes to make your international call to Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Please bookmark this site and tell your friends how they can easily find US area codes at Country Calling Codes.com!FAQ | Help | About Us | Contact Us | Link to Us | Partners | Advertise Content Copyright © 2000-2018 Domain-it! All rights reserved. Privacy Policy
|
[
"Atlanta, Georgia Area Codes Georgia State Flag To call Atlanta, Georgia (United States) select the country you're calling from, then dial: Exit Code + 1 + (404 or 470 or 678 or 770) + The Number* Do not dial the plus (+) symbols Change City Change State Calling Atlanta, Georgia?",
"Call NOW for just 1¢/min!",
"No fees, we promise!Atlanta, Georgia Information The Atlanta area code is 404 or 470 or 678 or 770The current time in Atlanta, Georgia is 10:55AM (10:55AM)Atlanta, Georgia is located in Cobb, Dekalb, and Fulton counties.",
"Atlanta, Georgia observes Daylight Savings Time.",
"Atlanta zip codes:30301, 30302, 30303, 30304, 30305, 30306, 30307, 30308, 30309, 30310, 30311, 30312, 30313, 30314, 30315, 30316, 30317, 30318, 30319, 30320, 30321, 30322, 30324, 30325, 30326, 30327, 30328, 30329, 30330, 30331, 30332, 30333, 30334, 30336, 30337, 30338, 30339, 30340, 30341, 30342, 30343, 30344, 30345, 30346, 30348, 30349, 30350, 30353, 30354, 30355, 30356, 30357, 30358, 30359, 30360, 30361, 30362, 30363, 30364, 30366, 30368, 30369, 30370, 30371, 30374, 30375, 30377, 30378, 30380, 30384, 30385, 30388, 30392, 30394, 30396, 30398, 31106, 31107, 31119, 31126, 31131, 31136, 31139, 31141, 31145, 31146, 31150, 31156, 31192, 31193, 31195, 31196, 39901Save on your call to Atlanta, Georgia: Rebtel - Get $10 free to call Atlanta To search for another area code, select the country you are calling from the dropdown:\\n BOOKMARK THIS PAGE DOWNLOAD THIS TOOLTELL A FRIEND PRINT THIS PAGEWe hope that Country Calling Codes has been helpful in finding the city area codes to make your international call to Atlanta, Georgia (USA).",
"Please bookmark this site and tell your friends how they can easily find US area codes at Country Calling Codes.com!FAQ | Help | About Us | Contact Us | Link to Us | Partners | Advertise Content Copyright © 2000-2018 Domain-it!",
"All rights reserved.",
"Privacy Policy"
] |
D2819090
|
http://www.landwatch.com/Kansas_land_for_sale/Bennington
|
BENNINGTON, OTTAWA COUNTY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, KANSAS LAND FOR SALE: 1 - 6 of 6 listings
|
BENNINGTON, OTTAWA COUNTY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, KANSAS LAND FOR SALE: 1 - 6 of 6 listings SORT BY:12.2 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $299,90012.2 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $299,900A very unique opportunity. Over 4,000 sq. ft. of finish in this home featuring vaulted ceilings, 2 stone fireplaces, a loft overlooking the great room and ... Save Property.48 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $139,900.48 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $139,900SO much potential in this spacious 2-story home. Great flow on the main floor w/open living, dining/kitchen combo. Formal living & den/office, which could ... Save Property Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $210,000Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $210,000Newly remodeled home in great location on 11.5 ac +/-. This home has new flooring and windows, siding and shingles. Nestled in the west corner off Autumn... Save Property.28 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $142,900.28 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $142,900Enjoy Maintenance-Free, One-Level Living, in this beautiful all brick, ranch home 20 minutes from Salina. 3 Bedrooms, 2 Baths, with large formal dining... Save Property4.04 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $278,9004.04 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $278,900This home is inviting and great for entertaining. Features 4 bedrooms, 4 baths, eat-in kitchen and formal dining. Master suite and bath include double... Save Property.3 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $118,000Nice 3 bedroom, 2 bath ranch home with wood burning fireplace, attached 1 car garage, additional detached garage with shop in large lot. Include separate... Save Property Jeremy Sundgren - Tallgrass Prairie Region Land Specialist Jeremy Sundgren Sundgren Realty Inc. Covering South Central and East Central Kansas. (316) 377-0013Email Me Visit My Website Kansas Land Brokers. Experts in Farm, Ranch, and Recreational Land. Sundgren Realty Inc. has been an innovator and industry leader in land sales, land auctions, and land appraisals since founded in 1981. Jeremy has gained unmatched experience in selling farms and ranches in South Central Kansas having proudly SOLD the 7300+ acre Dunne Ranch, the 9,100+ acre Frank N. Bills Living Trust Ranch, and many more thousands of acres. Jeremy's list of contacts for agricultural, hunting, and recreational land is extensive. Bennington, Ottawa County, Kansas Land for Sale Looking for rural homes and land for sale in Bennington, Ottawa County, Kansas? Land Watch.com has thousands of rural properties in Bennington, Ottawa County, Kansas, including hunting & fishing properties, cabins, Land for sale and land auctions. Choose from small acreage lots to massive 500+ acre estates. You can also find Bennington, Ottawa County, Kansas real estate agents who specialize in land and rural retreats. Sign up for our Bennington, Ottawa County, Kansas email alerts and never miss out on a new listing again!
|
[
"BENNINGTON, OTTAWA COUNTY, TALLGRASS PRAIRIE, KANSAS LAND FOR SALE: 1 - 6 of 6 listings SORT BY:12.2 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $299,90012.2 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $299,900A very unique opportunity.",
"Over 4,000 sq.",
"ft. of finish in this home featuring vaulted ceilings, 2 stone fireplaces, a loft overlooking the great room and ... Save Property.48 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $139,900.48 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $139,900SO much potential in this spacious 2-story home.",
"Great flow on the main floor w/open living, dining/kitchen combo.",
"Formal living & den/office, which could ... Save Property Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $210,000Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $210,000Newly remodeled home in great location on 11.5 ac +/-.",
"This home has new flooring and windows, siding and shingles.",
"Nestled in the west corner off Autumn... Save Property.28 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $142,900.28 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $142,900Enjoy Maintenance-Free, One-Level Living, in this beautiful all brick, ranch home 20 minutes from Salina.",
"3 Bedrooms, 2 Baths, with large formal dining... Save Property4.04 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $278,9004.04 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $278,900This home is inviting and great for entertaining.",
"Features 4 bedrooms, 4 baths, eat-in kitchen and formal dining.",
"Master suite and bath include double... Save Property.3 Acres Bennington, Ottawa County, KS $118,000Nice 3 bedroom, 2 bath ranch home with wood burning fireplace, attached 1 car garage, additional detached garage with shop in large lot.",
"Include separate... Save Property Jeremy Sundgren - Tallgrass Prairie Region Land Specialist Jeremy Sundgren Sundgren Realty Inc.",
"Covering South Central and East Central Kansas.",
"(316) 377-0013Email Me Visit My Website Kansas Land Brokers.",
"Experts in Farm, Ranch, and Recreational Land.",
"Sundgren Realty Inc. has been an innovator and industry leader in land sales, land auctions, and land appraisals since founded in 1981.",
"Jeremy has gained unmatched experience in selling farms and ranches in South Central Kansas having proudly SOLD the 7300+ acre Dunne Ranch, the 9,100+ acre Frank N. Bills Living Trust Ranch, and many more thousands of acres.",
"Jeremy's list of contacts for agricultural, hunting, and recreational land is extensive.",
"Bennington, Ottawa County, Kansas Land for Sale Looking for rural homes and land for sale in Bennington, Ottawa County, Kansas?",
"Land Watch.com has thousands of rural properties in Bennington, Ottawa County, Kansas, including hunting & fishing properties, cabins, Land for sale and land auctions.",
"Choose from small acreage lots to massive 500+ acre estates.",
"You can also find Bennington, Ottawa County, Kansas real estate agents who specialize in land and rural retreats.",
"Sign up for our Bennington, Ottawa County, Kansas email alerts and never miss out on a new listing again!"
] |
D1836817
|
http://www.motortrend.com/news/toyota-chrysler-have-north-americas-most-efficient-plants-1859/
|
Toyota, Chrysler have North Americas most efficient plants
|
"Opinion Toyota, Chrysler have North Americas most efficient plants Todd Lassa writer June 5, 20083Photos Share this article in: Facebook Twitter Google Plus Free Price Quote From a Local Dealer View Special Offers DETROIT – The difference in efficiency between the seven biggest automakers in North America is minor, much like the quality differences among 36 auto brands, as I reported in my last post. And they’re all improving, says Ron Harbour, whose Harbour Report lists Toyota and — surprise — Chrysler as operators of the continent’s most efficient factories. Paradoxically, North America’s most efficient single plant is the Toledo, Ohio, facility where Chrysler makes Jeeps, the 36th out of 36 brands in terms of initial quality, according to Wednesday’s J. D. Power and Associates report. Typically, an efficient plant puts out a high-quality product, Harbour says. He’s right. But the Toledo Jeep assembly plant is an experiment in outsourcing, with various suppliers owning and controlling various parts of the factory. Let’s hope it has room for improvement. One factor affecting Jeep ‘s poor quality ranking is that Wranglers were flying out the dealership doors last year, especially the new Wrangler Unlimited. No doubt many buyers were new to the brand, and expected the same level of refinement they got in their Accords or 3 Series, or even Explorers. That might explain some of Jeep ’s lack of ownership satisfaction, but it can’t explain the whole thing: Jeep averaged 167 problems per 100 vehicles, much worse than the industry average of 118 and more than twice Porsche ‘s 87. (That accounts for the entire Jeep lineup, by the way, not just Wrangler/Unlimited. )The Jeep Toledo South plant needs just 13.57 employee-hours to assemble a vehicle, a significant margin over the second-place Oshawa, Ontario, Chevy Impala/Monte Carlo plant (15.18 hours) and third-place Oshawa Pontiac Grand Prix/ Buick La Crosse plant (16.17 hours). Belvidere, Illinois, was fourth, needing 17.09 hours to assemble Dodge Caliber/ Jeep Compass /Patriot, and GM’s CAMI plant in Ontario was fifth. It needs 17.59 hours to assemble a Chevy Equinox, Pontiac Torrent, or Suzuki XL-7. Note that Nissan, which for several years had the most efficient plants in North America, and Honda, declined to participate in this year’s study, though Harbour extrapolated estimates from available information. Hyundai was added to the list for the first time. Watch Toyota GR Supra Racing Concept Preview When Harbour adds up all the man-hours it takes to build a car or truck, including stamping, assembly, engine and transmission manufacture, Hyundai was seventh of seven majors, at 35.1 hours per vehicle in North America. Ford Motor Company was sixth, at 33.88 hours, a 3.7-percent improvement over last year, Nissan was fifth, at an estimated 32.96 hours, or 8.8 percent more time than the previous year, and GM was fourth, at 32.29 hours, a 0.2-percent improvement. Honda was third, at 31.33 hours, a 2.3-percent improvement. Chrysler was 7.7-percent more efficient than the previous year and Toyota got 1.5-percent less efficient, to tie at 30.37 hours, average, to make a new vehicle in North America. Harbour got Chrysler’s numbers late last year, before it was taken private. Chrysler and Dodge divisions were not much better with quality, according to the J. D. Power study. Chrysler was 29th, with 142 problems per 100, and Dodge was 28th, with 141. Toyota was fifth, with 104. You can learn much about an automaker’s profitability by looking at its capacity utilization. Chrysler’s factories run from 46 percent of capacity to 126 percent of capacity, with an overall rate of 88 percent. Key to an automaker’s efficiency is plant flexibility, which allows an automaker to fill that 46-percent plant’s truck capacity with small cars, for instance, and also saving from paying costly overtime to run third shifts and weekends on a 126-percent-capacity compact car plant. Ford averages 84 percent, with a range of 47- to 129-percent. GM averages 88 percent, with a 44- to 147-percent range. Honda runs from 62- to 100-percent and averages 97 percent. Nissan runs from 72- to 92-percent, averaging 80 percent. And Toyota’s range is 92- to 107-percent, with its plants running at an astonishing 100-percent overall capacity. You can’t get more cost-efficient than that. For the most part, though, Harbour sees better times ahead for North American production, for American and foreign-brand cars. ""We’ve seen more improvement in the last five years than in the previous 15,"" Harbour says. His company now is part of Munich-based Oliver Wyman and has branched out with surveys of automotive plants in Europe and South America. The surprise here is what Harbour calls the ""bright story"": Fiat. He’s also bullish on how the Detroit Three will do with the bloody, brutal shift from big trucks and SUVs to small cars. GM, Ford, and Chrysler always have struggled to make any money on small cars, while Toyota and other Asian automakers excel at it. Harbour’s forecast for labor cost per vehicle is as optimistic about the Detroit Three as Harbour is about Italy’s Fiat. Calculate Motown’s efficiency and productivity gains along with labor costs that last year’s United Auto Worker contracts will save, and Toyota, Nissan and Honda go from a $606 per-vehicle advantage over GM, Ford, and Chrysler in 2007 to just $97 by 2011. That’s the best news you’ll read about the domestic auto industry for the next three years. To buy a copy of The Harbour Report, click here. Share this article in: Facebook Twitter Google Plus By Todd Lassa "
|
[
"\"Opinion Toyota, Chrysler have North Americas most efficient plants Todd Lassa writer June 5, 20083Photos Share this article in: Facebook Twitter Google Plus Free Price Quote From a Local Dealer View Special Offers DETROIT – The difference in efficiency between the seven biggest automakers in North America is minor, much like the quality differences among 36 auto brands, as I reported in my last post.",
"And they’re all improving, says Ron Harbour, whose Harbour Report lists Toyota and — surprise — Chrysler as operators of the continent’s most efficient factories.",
"Paradoxically, North America’s most efficient single plant is the Toledo, Ohio, facility where Chrysler makes Jeeps, the 36th out of 36 brands in terms of initial quality, according to Wednesday’s J. D. Power and Associates report.",
"Typically, an efficient plant puts out a high-quality product, Harbour says.",
"He’s right.",
"But the Toledo Jeep assembly plant is an experiment in outsourcing, with various suppliers owning and controlling various parts of the factory.",
"Let’s hope it has room for improvement.",
"One factor affecting Jeep ‘s poor quality ranking is that Wranglers were flying out the dealership doors last year, especially the new Wrangler Unlimited.",
"No doubt many buyers were new to the brand, and expected the same level of refinement they got in their Accords or 3 Series, or even Explorers.",
"That might explain some of Jeep ’s lack of ownership satisfaction, but it can’t explain the whole thing: Jeep averaged 167 problems per 100 vehicles, much worse than the industry average of 118 and more than twice Porsche ‘s 87.",
"(That accounts for the entire Jeep lineup, by the way, not just Wrangler/Unlimited.",
")The Jeep Toledo South plant needs just 13.57 employee-hours to assemble a vehicle, a significant margin over the second-place Oshawa, Ontario, Chevy Impala/Monte Carlo plant (15.18 hours) and third-place Oshawa Pontiac Grand Prix/ Buick La Crosse plant (16.17 hours).",
"Belvidere, Illinois, was fourth, needing 17.09 hours to assemble Dodge Caliber/ Jeep Compass /Patriot, and GM’s CAMI plant in Ontario was fifth.",
"It needs 17.59 hours to assemble a Chevy Equinox, Pontiac Torrent, or Suzuki XL-7.",
"Note that Nissan, which for several years had the most efficient plants in North America, and Honda, declined to participate in this year’s study, though Harbour extrapolated estimates from available information.",
"Hyundai was added to the list for the first time.",
"Watch Toyota GR Supra Racing Concept Preview When Harbour adds up all the man-hours it takes to build a car or truck, including stamping, assembly, engine and transmission manufacture, Hyundai was seventh of seven majors, at 35.1 hours per vehicle in North America.",
"Ford Motor Company was sixth, at 33.88 hours, a 3.7-percent improvement over last year, Nissan was fifth, at an estimated 32.96 hours, or 8.8 percent more time than the previous year, and GM was fourth, at 32.29 hours, a 0.2-percent improvement.",
"Honda was third, at 31.33 hours, a 2.3-percent improvement.",
"Chrysler was 7.7-percent more efficient than the previous year and Toyota got 1.5-percent less efficient, to tie at 30.37 hours, average, to make a new vehicle in North America.",
"Harbour got Chrysler’s numbers late last year, before it was taken private.",
"Chrysler and Dodge divisions were not much better with quality, according to the J. D. Power study.",
"Chrysler was 29th, with 142 problems per 100, and Dodge was 28th, with 141.",
"Toyota was fifth, with 104.",
"You can learn much about an automaker’s profitability by looking at its capacity utilization.",
"Chrysler’s factories run from 46 percent of capacity to 126 percent of capacity, with an overall rate of 88 percent.",
"Key to an automaker’s efficiency is plant flexibility, which allows an automaker to fill that 46-percent plant’s truck capacity with small cars, for instance, and also saving from paying costly overtime to run third shifts and weekends on a 126-percent-capacity compact car plant.",
"Ford averages 84 percent, with a range of 47- to 129-percent.",
"GM averages 88 percent, with a 44- to 147-percent range.",
"Honda runs from 62- to 100-percent and averages 97 percent.",
"Nissan runs from 72- to 92-percent, averaging 80 percent.",
"And Toyota’s range is 92- to 107-percent, with its plants running at an astonishing 100-percent overall capacity.",
"You can’t get more cost-efficient than that.",
"For the most part, though, Harbour sees better times ahead for North American production, for American and foreign-brand cars.",
"\"\"We’ve seen more improvement in the last five years than in the previous 15,\"\" Harbour says.",
"His company now is part of Munich-based Oliver Wyman and has branched out with surveys of automotive plants in Europe and South America.",
"The surprise here is what Harbour calls the \"\"bright story\"\": Fiat.",
"He’s also bullish on how the Detroit Three will do with the bloody, brutal shift from big trucks and SUVs to small cars.",
"GM, Ford, and Chrysler always have struggled to make any money on small cars, while Toyota and other Asian automakers excel at it.",
"Harbour’s forecast for labor cost per vehicle is as optimistic about the Detroit Three as Harbour is about Italy’s Fiat.",
"Calculate Motown’s efficiency and productivity gains along with labor costs that last year’s United Auto Worker contracts will save, and Toyota, Nissan and Honda go from a $606 per-vehicle advantage over GM, Ford, and Chrysler in 2007 to just $97 by 2011.",
"That’s the best news you’ll read about the domestic auto industry for the next three years.",
"To buy a copy of The Harbour Report, click here.",
"Share this article in: Facebook Twitter Google Plus By Todd Lassa \""
] |
D193331
|
https://www.verywell.com/heres-why-you-should-be-eating-oysters-2507012
|
Oyster Nutrition Facts
|
"Calorie Counts and Nutrition Facts Proteins Oyster Nutrition Facts The Health Benefits of This Bivalve Mollusk By Shereen Lehman, MS | Reviewed by Richard N. Fogoros, MDUpdated June 26, 2017Share Pin Email Print Chris Mellor / Getty Images When it comes to oysters, you either love them, or you hate them, or won't even try them. But did you know that oysters are good for you? It's hard to imagine that these small, tasty morsels that don't require any chewing and easily slide down your throat are high in several important minerals and protein. What is easy to imagine, however, is that oysters don't have many calories or grams of fat. With only 43 calories and 1.4 grams of fat (and less than half of gram of saturated fat) per serving—which is a generous six oysters—oysters are an excellent appetizer for those who are watching their weight. Oysters are available either farmed or wild and are harvested in both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Since farmed oysters are grown in living conditions that are similar to wild oysters, there doesn't appear to be any difference as far as nutrition goes. Health Benefits For such an unassuming food, the oyster is packed with nutrition. One serving of oysters has about 5 grams of protein and about 2 grams of carbohydrates. They're also high in calcium, potassium, magnesium, and vitamin B-12, as well as zinc and iron. Zinc is a mineral your body needs for many different biochemical processes to occur and is crucial to the immune system. It assists in cell growth and division, the healing of wounds, and breaking down carbohydrates. Just about every list of aphrodisiacs includes oysters and while there's no evidence to support the idea that any foods will increase your sexual attraction, it is interesting to note that zinc is essential for men's sexual health, testosterone levels, and sperm production. Oysters also high in iron, key in producing hemoglobin, which your body needs to transport oxygen to all of your organs and tissues. An iron deficiency also causes fatigue and could lead to anemia. Raw Oyster Safety Oysters can be eaten raw, cooked, or used in dishes such as oyster stew. Generally, raw oysters are safe to eat, but just as with the consumption of any raw fish or seafood, there is a possibility of food-borne illness. Raw oysters may be contaminated with Vibrio vulnificus, which is a bacteria related to cholera. Oysters harvested in warm water are more likely to be infected than oysters collected from colder water. Which is why there is the saying that you should only eat oysters in months that have the letter ""r"" in them—the months that don't have an ""r"" include May, June, July, and August, the warm months when Vibrio contamination is more likely. That was a problem many years ago when oysters weren't tested properly, but today the oysters you buy are safe year round and you can confidently buy and eat oysters any time of the year. Eating raw shellfish, oysters in particular, can put you at risk of contracting hepatitis A, a disorder that affects your liver. That's because oysters filter a substantial amount of water, and if that water is contaminated with stool containing the hepatitis A virus, the oyster can become contaminated. But because oysters for purchase are tested, the risk is minimal. A healthy person who ingests the bacteria may suffer from abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. However, the infection can be severe in a person who has liver disease or is immunocompromised because the bacteria can get into the bloodstream and cause septicemia, which is fatal about 50 percent of the time. If you've been told not the consume raw oysters, you must avoid them. The only way to kill the bacteria is through cooking. There are myths that adding lots of hot sauce or drinking alcohol while you eat raw oysters will kill the bacteria, but that is not true. Selection and Storage When buying oysters, choose fresh oysters that have been harvested and processed according to safety guidelines. (Look for a tag on containers or sacks of oysters.) Throw away any oysters that have broken shells, and tap any open shells with your finger—a live oyster should close its shell when you tap it. If it doesn't close, then throw it away. Fresh oysters should be refrigerated at 40 F or lower until you serve them or use them in a recipe. When you cook fresh oysters, the shells should open up. Discard any oysters that remain closed. Preparing Oysters Oysters are often served raw, usually sitting on its shell. To prepare raw oysters, you'll need to open them up by shucking them (use a thick towel and an oyster shucking knife), or you can buy them already shucked. Oysters can also be smoked, baked, fried (as in c rispy ""oysters rockefeller"" ), grilled, or used as the featured ingredient in dishes such as oyster stew or o yster-stuffed artichokes. "
|
[
"\"Calorie Counts and Nutrition Facts Proteins Oyster Nutrition Facts The Health Benefits of This Bivalve Mollusk By Shereen Lehman, MS | Reviewed by Richard N. Fogoros, MDUpdated June 26, 2017Share Pin Email Print Chris Mellor / Getty Images When it comes to oysters, you either love them, or you hate them, or won't even try them.",
"But did you know that oysters are good for you?",
"It's hard to imagine that these small, tasty morsels that don't require any chewing and easily slide down your throat are high in several important minerals and protein.",
"What is easy to imagine, however, is that oysters don't have many calories or grams of fat.",
"With only 43 calories and 1.4 grams of fat (and less than half of gram of saturated fat) per serving—which is a generous six oysters—oysters are an excellent appetizer for those who are watching their weight.",
"Oysters are available either farmed or wild and are harvested in both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.",
"Since farmed oysters are grown in living conditions that are similar to wild oysters, there doesn't appear to be any difference as far as nutrition goes.",
"Health Benefits For such an unassuming food, the oyster is packed with nutrition.",
"One serving of oysters has about 5 grams of protein and about 2 grams of carbohydrates.",
"They're also high in calcium, potassium, magnesium, and vitamin B-12, as well as zinc and iron.",
"Zinc is a mineral your body needs for many different biochemical processes to occur and is crucial to the immune system.",
"It assists in cell growth and division, the healing of wounds, and breaking down carbohydrates.",
"Just about every list of aphrodisiacs includes oysters and while there's no evidence to support the idea that any foods will increase your sexual attraction, it is interesting to note that zinc is essential for men's sexual health, testosterone levels, and sperm production.",
"Oysters also high in iron, key in producing hemoglobin, which your body needs to transport oxygen to all of your organs and tissues.",
"An iron deficiency also causes fatigue and could lead to anemia.",
"Raw Oyster Safety Oysters can be eaten raw, cooked, or used in dishes such as oyster stew.",
"Generally, raw oysters are safe to eat, but just as with the consumption of any raw fish or seafood, there is a possibility of food-borne illness.",
"Raw oysters may be contaminated with Vibrio vulnificus, which is a bacteria related to cholera.",
"Oysters harvested in warm water are more likely to be infected than oysters collected from colder water.",
"Which is why there is the saying that you should only eat oysters in months that have the letter \"\"r\"\" in them—the months that don't have an \"\"r\"\" include May, June, July, and August, the warm months when Vibrio contamination is more likely.",
"That was a problem many years ago when oysters weren't tested properly, but today the oysters you buy are safe year round and you can confidently buy and eat oysters any time of the year.",
"Eating raw shellfish, oysters in particular, can put you at risk of contracting hepatitis A, a disorder that affects your liver.",
"That's because oysters filter a substantial amount of water, and if that water is contaminated with stool containing the hepatitis A virus, the oyster can become contaminated.",
"But because oysters for purchase are tested, the risk is minimal.",
"A healthy person who ingests the bacteria may suffer from abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.",
"However, the infection can be severe in a person who has liver disease or is immunocompromised because the bacteria can get into the bloodstream and cause septicemia, which is fatal about 50 percent of the time.",
"If you've been told not the consume raw oysters, you must avoid them.",
"The only way to kill the bacteria is through cooking.",
"There are myths that adding lots of hot sauce or drinking alcohol while you eat raw oysters will kill the bacteria, but that is not true.",
"Selection and Storage When buying oysters, choose fresh oysters that have been harvested and processed according to safety guidelines.",
"(Look for a tag on containers or sacks of oysters.)",
"Throw away any oysters that have broken shells, and tap any open shells with your finger—a live oyster should close its shell when you tap it.",
"If it doesn't close, then throw it away.",
"Fresh oysters should be refrigerated at 40 F or lower until you serve them or use them in a recipe.",
"When you cook fresh oysters, the shells should open up.",
"Discard any oysters that remain closed.",
"Preparing Oysters Oysters are often served raw, usually sitting on its shell.",
"To prepare raw oysters, you'll need to open them up by shucking them (use a thick towel and an oyster shucking knife), or you can buy them already shucked.",
"Oysters can also be smoked, baked, fried (as in c rispy \"\"oysters rockefeller\"\" ), grilled, or used as the featured ingredient in dishes such as oyster stew or o yster-stuffed artichokes. \""
] |
D377088
|
http://onemileatatime.boardingarea.com/2014/09/11/aeroplan-blocking-air-china-award-space/
|
Aeroplan Blocking All Air China Award Space
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Aeroplan Blocking All Air China Award Space September 11, 2014 by lucky 20Air Canada, Awards One of the side effects of having an award booking service is that not a week goes by where I don’t wonder how in the world “normal” people who aren’t obsessed with miles and points manage to redeem their miles at all. This goes beyond knowing that people in our hobby get a much better “value” out of their miles than the average person — there are times where I am truly blown away that anyone else ever manages to get anything ticketed. An example of this is an award we recently booked for a client from New York to Beijing on Air China, with the return from Hong Kong on Cathay Pacific. Both segments are in first class, and with direct flights this was a rare “textbook” award booking. Until, that is, we went to confirm seat assignments with the operating carrier (something you should always do, as it’s the easiest way to identify these types of issues). Air China could see the reservation, but couldn’t access the record, and after several conference calls with supervisors from both Aeroplan and Air China, we determined that while Air China had offered the space, and Aeroplan had issued the ticket, a communication issue prevented Air China from confirming the space, so the ticket was stuck in this endless “pending” loop. Apparently there are several hundred other tickets being affected, and my guess is very few (if any) of those passengers know about it. As a preventative measure, Aeroplan has removed all Air China award space from their systems. You cannot book Air China award flights through the Air Canada Aeroplan program at this time, even if the space is available to other Star Alliance partners. Look, for example, at the Paris > Beijing flight I took last year, which typically has plentiful award space. Air China 777-300ER business class United shows space nearly every day: As does the more-reliable ANA tool: But Aeroplan only shows connecting options: So, what does this mean in practice? If you have an Aeroplan-issued ticket for travel on Air China that was issued after August 1st: Call Air China to see if the reservation is correct on their end. The best way to do this is to call their US reservations line at 800.882.8122. If they can assign seats and provide you with the Air China record locator you’re good to go. Otherwise, you’ll need to contact Aeroplan at 800.361.5373 and ask them to review the ticket. Any agent should be able to see whether or not the space was confirmed, but you might have to push to have the ticket sent for review by a ticketing supervisor. Wait. Seriously, you’re going to have to wait a long time. Aeroplan is working to fix the issue on the IT side, and have other people working with Air China on a case-by-case basis. Aeroplan is prioritizing tickets based on departure date. Eventually the ticket will be reviewed (realistically within 7-10 days of departure), at which point the following will happen: The liaison agents will be able to open up award space on Air China, the tickets will be reissued correctly, and you will fly as scheduled. Depending on the destination, Air Canada will open up space on their own flights, in the same cabin of service, regardless of award availability. Alternatively, you may be able to reroute on other Star Alliance partners, though that will be dependent upon partner award availability. Aeroplan is being aggressive about asking other partners to open award space on regional flights in this situation though. Worst case, Aeroplan is purchasing revenue tickets on Air China for impacted passengers. I can’t imagine how costly this is getting, which is likely why they’ve made the decision to block all space in the meantime. You also have the option to cancel your ticket completely, and have all the miles and fees refunded for no charge. This is a mess for everyone involved, so I’d suggest being as patient as possible. The agents at Aeroplan are typically exceptionally competent, and it does seem like they have a solid plan for working through these tickets. Anyway, I figured this was something most people didn’t know about. It’s a good reminder to always double-check your award reservations, and if you’ve been unsuccessful in booking Air China flights through Aeroplan recently now you know why. Hopefully this will be resolved sooner rather than later, and I’ll post an update when Air China space is bookable again.
|
[
"Aeroplan Blocking All Air China Award Space September 11, 2014 by lucky 20Air Canada, Awards One of the side effects of having an award booking service is that not a week goes by where I don’t wonder how in the world “normal” people who aren’t obsessed with miles and points manage to redeem their miles at all.",
"This goes beyond knowing that people in our hobby get a much better “value” out of their miles than the average person — there are times where I am truly blown away that anyone else ever manages to get anything ticketed.",
"An example of this is an award we recently booked for a client from New York to Beijing on Air China, with the return from Hong Kong on Cathay Pacific.",
"Both segments are in first class, and with direct flights this was a rare “textbook” award booking.",
"Until, that is, we went to confirm seat assignments with the operating carrier (something you should always do, as it’s the easiest way to identify these types of issues).",
"Air China could see the reservation, but couldn’t access the record, and after several conference calls with supervisors from both Aeroplan and Air China, we determined that while Air China had offered the space, and Aeroplan had issued the ticket, a communication issue prevented Air China from confirming the space, so the ticket was stuck in this endless “pending” loop.",
"Apparently there are several hundred other tickets being affected, and my guess is very few (if any) of those passengers know about it.",
"As a preventative measure, Aeroplan has removed all Air China award space from their systems.",
"You cannot book Air China award flights through the Air Canada Aeroplan program at this time, even if the space is available to other Star Alliance partners.",
"Look, for example, at the Paris > Beijing flight I took last year, which typically has plentiful award space.",
"Air China 777-300ER business class United shows space nearly every day: As does the more-reliable ANA tool: But Aeroplan only shows connecting options: So, what does this mean in practice?",
"If you have an Aeroplan-issued ticket for travel on Air China that was issued after August 1st: Call Air China to see if the reservation is correct on their end.",
"The best way to do this is to call their US reservations line at 800.882.8122.",
"If they can assign seats and provide you with the Air China record locator you’re good to go.",
"Otherwise, you’ll need to contact Aeroplan at 800.361.5373 and ask them to review the ticket.",
"Any agent should be able to see whether or not the space was confirmed, but you might have to push to have the ticket sent for review by a ticketing supervisor.",
"Wait.",
"Seriously, you’re going to have to wait a long time.",
"Aeroplan is working to fix the issue on the IT side, and have other people working with Air China on a case-by-case basis.",
"Aeroplan is prioritizing tickets based on departure date.",
"Eventually the ticket will be reviewed (realistically within 7-10 days of departure), at which point the following will happen: The liaison agents will be able to open up award space on Air China, the tickets will be reissued correctly, and you will fly as scheduled.",
"Depending on the destination, Air Canada will open up space on their own flights, in the same cabin of service, regardless of award availability.",
"Alternatively, you may be able to reroute on other Star Alliance partners, though that will be dependent upon partner award availability.",
"Aeroplan is being aggressive about asking other partners to open award space on regional flights in this situation though.",
"Worst case, Aeroplan is purchasing revenue tickets on Air China for impacted passengers.",
"I can’t imagine how costly this is getting, which is likely why they’ve made the decision to block all space in the meantime.",
"You also have the option to cancel your ticket completely, and have all the miles and fees refunded for no charge.",
"This is a mess for everyone involved, so I’d suggest being as patient as possible.",
"The agents at Aeroplan are typically exceptionally competent, and it does seem like they have a solid plan for working through these tickets.",
"Anyway, I figured this was something most people didn’t know about.",
"It’s a good reminder to always double-check your award reservations, and if you’ve been unsuccessful in booking Air China flights through Aeroplan recently now you know why.",
"Hopefully this will be resolved sooner rather than later, and I’ll post an update when Air China space is bookable again."
] |
D184827
|
http://work.chron.com/hourly-rate-lpn-make-1546.html
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What Hourly Rate Does an LPN Make?
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"Related Articles1""RN, LPN & CNA Salaries""2How Much Do RNs Make on Average an Hour?3How Much Does an LPN Make Working in a Hospital?4How Much Do RNs Make With 2-Year Degrees? For those who want to get into the health care field without years of training, qualifying as a licensed practical or vocational nurse is often a good choice. Nurses can become licensed with as little as a one-year certificate or two-year associate degree, and will earn passable wages from the beginning. National Averages According to figures released in May 2011 by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average hourly wage for LPNs across the country in 2010 was $20.21 per hour, which for full-time hours works out to $42,040 per year. Entry-level wages can be much lower. The lowest-earning 10 percent of LPNs averaged $14.74 per hour in 2010, and the lowest-earning 25 percent averaged $16.67 per hour. Over time, as LPNs gain experience and seniority, pay goes up. The top 25 percent of LPNs earned $23.04 in 2010, and the top 10 percent earned $27.44 per hour. Workplace Nursing homes are the largest single employer of LPNs, accounting for 215,270 jobs or nearly one-third of all LPN positions during 2010. Nursing care facilities paid an average hourly wage of $20.72, slightly above the national average. Hospitals and doctors' offices were the second- and third-largest employers, and paid $19.74 and $18.48 respectively. Employment agencies were the highest-paying major employer, at $21.96 per hour. A small number of LPNs were employed by grant-making agencies at $23.04 per hour, the highest wage in the survey. Geography Where you live also plays a large role in determining how much you earn as an LPN. Connecticut, Rhode Island and Nevada are the highest-paying states, with average wages of roughly $25 per hour. West Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas and South Dakota were at the opposite end of the scale, with average wages between $16 and $17 per hour. Several metropolitan areas in California offered the highest local wages, topped by San Francisco at $29.44 per hour. The best paying non-metropolitan area was St. Mary's County in Maryland, at $26.15 per hour. Unfortunately, the highest wages often correspond to areas with higher-than-average cost of living. Outlook The prospects are bright for most health care careers, including licensed practical nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that demand for LPNs will grow by 22 percent between 2010 and 2020, a rate significantly higher than the overall job market. LPNs who wish to improve their advancement prospects can upgrade their qualifications with a business or management degree, opening the doors to administrative and management positions. Upgrading through an LPN-to-RN program can also increase a nurse's pay, with RNs averaging $31.10 per hour. That's approximately 50 percent more than the average for LPNs. References (3)About the Author Fred Decker is a trained chef and certified food-safety trainer. Decker wrote for the Saint John, New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal, and has been published in Canada's Hospitality and Foodservice magazine. He's held positions selling computers, insurance and mutual funds, and was educated at Memorial University of Newfoundland and the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology. Photo Credits Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images Cite this Article "
|
[
"\"Related Articles1\"\"RN, LPN & CNA Salaries\"\"2How Much Do RNs Make on Average an Hour?3How Much Does an LPN Make Working in a Hospital?4How Much Do RNs Make With 2-Year Degrees?",
"For those who want to get into the health care field without years of training, qualifying as a licensed practical or vocational nurse is often a good choice.",
"Nurses can become licensed with as little as a one-year certificate or two-year associate degree, and will earn passable wages from the beginning.",
"National Averages According to figures released in May 2011 by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average hourly wage for LPNs across the country in 2010 was $20.21 per hour, which for full-time hours works out to $42,040 per year.",
"Entry-level wages can be much lower.",
"The lowest-earning 10 percent of LPNs averaged $14.74 per hour in 2010, and the lowest-earning 25 percent averaged $16.67 per hour.",
"Over time, as LPNs gain experience and seniority, pay goes up.",
"The top 25 percent of LPNs earned $23.04 in 2010, and the top 10 percent earned $27.44 per hour.",
"Workplace Nursing homes are the largest single employer of LPNs, accounting for 215,270 jobs or nearly one-third of all LPN positions during 2010.",
"Nursing care facilities paid an average hourly wage of $20.72, slightly above the national average.",
"Hospitals and doctors' offices were the second- and third-largest employers, and paid $19.74 and $18.48 respectively.",
"Employment agencies were the highest-paying major employer, at $21.96 per hour.",
"A small number of LPNs were employed by grant-making agencies at $23.04 per hour, the highest wage in the survey.",
"Geography Where you live also plays a large role in determining how much you earn as an LPN.",
"Connecticut, Rhode Island and Nevada are the highest-paying states, with average wages of roughly $25 per hour.",
"West Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas and South Dakota were at the opposite end of the scale, with average wages between $16 and $17 per hour.",
"Several metropolitan areas in California offered the highest local wages, topped by San Francisco at $29.44 per hour.",
"The best paying non-metropolitan area was St. Mary's County in Maryland, at $26.15 per hour.",
"Unfortunately, the highest wages often correspond to areas with higher-than-average cost of living.",
"Outlook The prospects are bright for most health care careers, including licensed practical nurses.",
"The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that demand for LPNs will grow by 22 percent between 2010 and 2020, a rate significantly higher than the overall job market.",
"LPNs who wish to improve their advancement prospects can upgrade their qualifications with a business or management degree, opening the doors to administrative and management positions.",
"Upgrading through an LPN-to-RN program can also increase a nurse's pay, with RNs averaging $31.10 per hour.",
"That's approximately 50 percent more than the average for LPNs.",
"References (3)About the Author Fred Decker is a trained chef and certified food-safety trainer.",
"Decker wrote for the Saint John, New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal, and has been published in Canada's Hospitality and Foodservice magazine.",
"He's held positions selling computers, insurance and mutual funds, and was educated at Memorial University of Newfoundland and the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology.",
"Photo Credits Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images Cite this Article \""
] |
D448253
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http://naturalhealthperspective.com/home/civilization.html
|
Lifestyle Diseases
|
"Site Search Natural Health | Wellness Program | Whole Foods | Vitamin Supplements | Physical Exercise | Attitude | Resilience Lifestyle Diseases Lifestyle diseases are more common as countries become more industrialized. They are caused by an inappropriate relationship of people with their environment Lifestyle diseases are different from other diseases because they are potentially preventable, and can be lowered with changes in diet, lifestyle, environment, and by supplementing with vitamin D. The only subclass of lifestyle diseases that this Web page is addressing are those caused by lifestyle factors that can be lowered with changes in diet, lifestyle, and environment. Natural Health as Complementary Medicine Nothing about natural health prevents its alternative healing methods from being used alongside conventional medical treatment. Thus, natural health can be viewed as a complementary or adjunctive form of therapy. Do not forget about treating your chronic health conditions by supplementing with vitamin D. There is a vitamin D revolution, a form of epigenetic lifestyle therapy, going on in natural health circles. People are no longer afraid of sunshine because of the simply amazing health benefits of vitamin D. People suffering from lifestyle diseases, or chronic health conditions, should always feel comfortable turning to conventional medicine for treatment of their health issues. Always consult with a health care professional of your choice to discuss your specific health situation with before engaging in any natural health program. In most cases Natural Health as a form of complementary medicine can be used along side conventional medicine to treat and manage your chronic health problems. High cholesterol levels, for example, can often be treated with nutritional supplements and vitamins such as vitamin D, along with eating a healthy diet, and engaging in regular exercise ; with the expectation that you will be able to eventually stop taking your physician prescribed pharmaceuticals. The Natural Health Perspective is about natural health, wellness, holistic medicine, prevention, excellent natural immunity, healthy living, and healthy lifestyles. Our site describes a mainly Western outlook on holistic medicine. Our articles present alternative health information that centers on lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, attitude, and relationships. We offer proactive approaches to the prevention of lifestyle diseases through the holistic medicine of healthy living. Highlights of Lifestyle Diseases: Until the present era, death was caused by sudden onset conditions. Sudden Onset conditions are easily curable by Allopathic Medicine. Today, conditions that slowly develop over many years as we age cause more deaths. These insidious diseases do NOT lend themselves to a quick fix by Allopathic Medicine. Lifestyle diseases are a result of an inappropriate relationship of people with their environment. The onset of these lifestyle diseases is insidious, they take years to develop, and once encountered do not lend themselves easily to cure. Lifestyle Diseases Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available. Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 6:42Do lifestyle diseases really exist? There are two basic lines of evidence that support the existence of lifestyle diseases: (1) the international variation in cancer rates, and (2) Death statistics in the United States. A research paper published in the prestigious Lancet beautifully articulated the international variation in cancer rates argument that evidences the existence of lifestyle diseases. ""In many [western] countries, peoples' diet changed substantially in the second half of the twentieth century, generally with increases in consumption of meat, dairy products, vegetable oils, fruit juice, and alcoholic beverages, and decreases in consumption of starchy staple foods such as bread, potatoes, rice, and maize flour. Other aspects of lifestyle also changed, notably, large reductions in physical activity and large increases in the prevalence of obesity."" [18]""It was noted in the 1970s that people in many western countries had diets high in animal products, fat, and sugar, and high rates of cancers of the colorectum, breast, prostate, endometrium, and lung; by contrast, individuals in developing countries usually had diets that were based on one or two starchy staple foods, with low intakes of animal products, fat, and sugar, and low rates of these cancers."" [18]""These observations suggest that the diets [or lifestyle] of different populations might partly determine their rates of cancer, and the basis for this hypothesis was strengthened by results of studies showing that people who migrate from one country to another generally acquire the cancer rates of the new host country, suggesting that environmental [or lifestyle factors] rather than genetic factors are the key determinants of the international variation in cancer rates."" [18]An analysis of the death statistics of the United States reveals some interesting facts that tend to support the existence of lifestyle diseases. In 1900, the top three causes of death in the United States were pneumonia / influenza, tuberculosis, and diarrhea/enteritis. [17] Back then communicable diseases accounted for about 60 percent of all deaths. [17] In 1900, lifestyle diseases like heart disease and cancer were ranked number #4 and #8 respectively. [17] Since the 1940's, most deaths in the United States have resulted from heart disease, cancer, and other lifestyle diseases. [17] And, by the late 1990's, lifestyle diseases accounted for more than 60 percent of all deaths. [17]In 1900, these top three causes of death were from communicable diseases. Since the 1940's, most deaths have come from a completely different category of disease called lifestyle diseases. [17] Until the present era, sudden onset caused death due to infections, malignancies, injuries, poisonings, and war. The persons inflicted had no role to play in their occurrence. These Sudden Onset conditions lend themselves to a quick fix curative effort. Obviously, you have to die of something. Modern science through improved sanitation, and antibiotics, and medical attention has eliminated the threat of death from most infectious diseases. This means that death from lifestyle diseases like heart disease and cancer are now the primary causes of death. The question now becomes a question of death at what age. In eighteenth-century England, chimney sweeps died in great numbers from scrotal cancer that was then called soot wart. Everybody naturally has to die of something, but lifestyle diseases take people before their time. Too many people are dying relatively young from Heart Disease and Cancer and other lifestyle diseases in modern times. The choice is yours: die young, now or at a ripe old age. Death rate data yield some startling statistics. Death rates peak from accidents at age 40, from cancer at age 70, and from heart disease and stroke at age 85. Congratulate yourself for being alive at each of these ages. They represent milestones on the road to a long life. For both men and women, the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and cancer goes dramatically up between the ages of 65 and 84. Yet once you reach the age of 85 the risk for dying from cancer goes dramatically down for both men and women. For men their risk for dying from cardiovascular disease falls dramatically after age 84. Nevertheless, women maintain their high risk for from dying from cardiovascular disease. Top 10 Lifestyle Diseases in alphabetical sequence Name Comments Alzheimer's Disease: a form of brain disease. No one knows the exact cause, but a real breakdown of the cells of the brain does occur. There is no treatment, but good nutrition may slow the progress of this lifestyle disease, which lasts about seven years in most people who have it. Arteriosclerosis: A generic term for several diseases in which the arterial wall becomes thicken and loses elasticity. Atherosclerosis is the most common and serious vascular disease. Plaques (atheromas) deposited in the walls of arteries are major causes of heart disease, chest pain (angina pectoris), heart attacks, and other disorders of the circulation. In atherosclerosis yellowish plaques of cholesterol, fats, and other remains are deposited in the walls of large and medium-sized arteries. Atherosclerosis usually occurs with aging. It is linked to overweight, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Cancer: diseases characterized by uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells. Cancer has been the number two cause of death since 1938, [17] But, at the turn of the 20th century, it was only #8. [17] Cancer is definitely considered the number one Disease of Civilization. There are more than 150 different kinds of cancer and many different causes. Top 5 Cancers (Incidence) in USA [16]MEN WOMENProstate (40%)Lung (18%)Colorectal (12%)Urinary Bladder (08%)Skin (05%)Breast (40%)Lung (17%)Colorectal (12%)Uterus (08%)Thyroid (05%)Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis: any of a group of liver disorders. Characteristics of liver disease are jaundice, loss of appetite, liver enlargement, fluid accumulation, and impaired consciousness. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) : a disease characterized by slowly progressing, irreversible airway obstruction. The symptoms are problems in breathing while exercising, difficulty in breathing in or out deeply, and sometimes a long-term cough. The condition may result from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, or chronic bronchiolitis. Cigarette smoking and air pollution make it worse. Essential Hypertension is the form of hypertension that conventional medicine claims has no identifiable cause. Hypertension, or high blood pressure is when a person's blood pressure is at least 140 mm Hg systolic (i.e., number on top) or 90 mm Hg diastolic. Systolic refers to blood pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood. Diastolic refers to blood pressure when the heart is at rest between beats. Diabetes: a disease affecting sugars used by the body. There are four main types of diabetes mellitus. Type I diabetes is also called insulin-dependent diabetes, juvenile-onset diabetes, brittle diabetes, or ketosis-prone diabetes. Type II diabetes is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes, adult-onset diabetes, ketosis-resistant diabetes, or stable diabetes. Type II often develops in over weight adults. Type III, or gestational diabetes, occurs in some women during pregnancy. Type IV includes other types of diabetes are linked to disease of the pancreas, hormonal changes, side effects of drugs, or genetic defects. Heart Disease: any of several abnormalities that affect the heart muscle or the blood vessels of the heart. Heart disease has been the number one cause of mortality and morbidity in most of the USA since 1910. [17] But, at the turn of the 20th century, it was only #4. [17] There are a couple dozen forms of this lifestyle disease. Heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease can lead to congestive heart failure, a condition in which the heart cannot pump sufficient blood to meet the demands of the body. The various forms of heart disease may also cause disturbances in normal heartbeat, called arrhythmia. Nephritis/CRF: any disease of the kidney marked by swelling and abnormal function. Characteristics of kidney disease are bloody urine, persistent protein in urine, pus in urine, edema, difficult urination, and pain in the back. Stroke: a condition due to the lack of oxygen to the brain that may lead to reversible or irreversible paralysis. Stroke is linked to advanced age, high blood pressure, previous attacks of poor circulation, cigarette smoking, heart disorders, embolism, family history of strokes, use of birth-control pills, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, over weight, high cholesterol, and hyperlipidemia. Leading Causes of Death The following are the leading causes of death in the United States for ALL sex, race, and age groups listed in descending sequence. [19]Diseases of the heart (Includes both Heart Disease and arteriosclerosis which results in death by heart attacks. )Cancer (Malignant Neoplasms)Stroke (Cerebrovascular diseases or a group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain. )Chronic lower respiratory diseases (COPD) — Accidents (NOT a Lifestyle disease)Alzheimer's disease Diabetes — Influenza and Pneumonia (NOT a Lifestyle disease - But interesting enough can probably in most cases be prevented with adequate supplementation of vitamin D, vitamin A, and the macro-mineral zinc. )Nephritis/CRF — Septicemia (NOT a Lifestyle disease - But interesting enough can probably in most cases be prevented with adequate supplementation of vitamin D, vitamin A, and the macro-mineral zinc. [The presence of pathogenic organisms in the bloodstream, leading to sepsis or blood poisoning.]) — Suicide (NOT a Lifestyle disease)Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal disease (High Blood Pressure)Parkinson's disease (a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system) — Homicide (NOT a Lifestyle disease)This article was originally published during 2003. Please read our Medical Advice Disclaimer. Please read Improving Web Site Accessibility, if you are having trouble viewing this Web page. Lifestyle Diseases Comments: References: Lichtenstein P, Holm NV, Verkasalo PK. Environmental and Heritable Factors in the Causation of Cancer. N Engl J Med 2000 Jul 13;343 (2):78-85. PMID: 10891514Sobra J; Ceska R. [Diseases of civilization from the aspect of evolution of the human diet]. Cas Lek Cesk, 1992 Apr, 131:7, 193-7. PMID: 1638605Zöllner N. [The relevance of diet for civilization diseases, especially atherosclerosis]. Wien Med Wochenschr Suppl, 1990, 106:, suppl 11-2. PMID: 2219947Roelcke V. [Between individual therapy and political intervention: campaigns against ""diseases of civilization"" between 1920 and 1960]. Gesundheitswesen, 1995 Aug, 57:8-9, 443-51. PMID: 7496099Burkitt DP. Western diseases and their emergence related to diet. S Afr Med J, 1982 Jun, 61:26, 1013-5. PMID: 6283683Painter NS. Diverticular disease of the colon. The first of the Western diseases shown to be due to a deficiency of dietary fibre. S Afr Med J, 1982 Jun, 61:26, 1016-20. PMID: 6283684Forrester T; Cooper RS; Weatherall D. Emergence of Western diseases in the tropical world: the experience with chronic cardiovascular diseases. Br Med Bull, 1998, 54:2, 463-73. PMID: 9830210Adlercreutz H. Western diet and Western diseases: some hormonal and biochemical mechanisms and associations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl, 1990, 201:, 3-23. PMID: 2173856Adlercreutz H; Mazur W. Phyto-oestrogens and Western diseases. Ann Med, 1997 Apr, 29:2, 95-120. PMID: 9187225Meng L; Maskarinec G; Lee J. Lifestyle factors and chronic diseases: application of a composite risk index. Prev Med, 1999 Oct, 29:4, 296-304. PMID: 10547055Steyn K; Fourie J; Bradshaw D. The impact of chronic diseases of lifestyle and their major risk factors on mortality in South Africa. S Afr Med J, 1992 Oct, 82:4, 227-31. PMID: 1411817Steyn K; Kazenellenbogen JM; Lombard CJ. Urbanization and the risk for chronic diseases of lifestyle in the black population of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. J Cardiovasc Risk, 1997 Apr, 4:2, 135-42. PMID: 9304495Chronic Disease and their Risk Factors: The USA's Leading Causes of Death AHA: Leading Causes of Death Leading Causes of Death Reports CDC - United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) - 2007 Data National Center for Health Statistics, National Office of Vital Statistics, 1947 for the year 1900 (page 67), for the year 1938 (page 55). Key TJ, Allen NE, Spencer EA. The effect of diet on risk of cancer. Lancet. 2002 Sep 14;360 (9336):861-8. Review. PMID: 12243933CDC - United States Leading Causes of Death - 2007 Data Anti-Aging Therapy Natural Health Conditions Editorials Featured Stories Documentary Films Natural Juicing Health Reviews Health Scams Natural Health Tutorials Natural Weight Loss Vitamin D Revolution Health Glossary Lifestyle Diseases Detox Naturally Natural Immunity Environmental Epigenetics Agenda About Us About You Contact Us Web Search Latest Additions Featuring natural cures, health, and wellness through the holistic medicine of healthy living.www. Natural Health Perspective.com Copyright © 1999-2016, by John H. Gohde, All Rights Reserved. Please read INFO, HELP, TOS, and FAQ before using this site. "
|
[
"\"Site Search Natural Health | Wellness Program | Whole Foods | Vitamin Supplements | Physical Exercise | Attitude | Resilience Lifestyle Diseases Lifestyle diseases are more common as countries become more industrialized.",
"They are caused by an inappropriate relationship of people with their environment Lifestyle diseases are different from other diseases because they are potentially preventable, and can be lowered with changes in diet, lifestyle, environment, and by supplementing with vitamin D. The only subclass of lifestyle diseases that this Web page is addressing are those caused by lifestyle factors that can be lowered with changes in diet, lifestyle, and environment.",
"Natural Health as Complementary Medicine Nothing about natural health prevents its alternative healing methods from being used alongside conventional medical treatment.",
"Thus, natural health can be viewed as a complementary or adjunctive form of therapy.",
"Do not forget about treating your chronic health conditions by supplementing with vitamin D. There is a vitamin D revolution, a form of epigenetic lifestyle therapy, going on in natural health circles.",
"People are no longer afraid of sunshine because of the simply amazing health benefits of vitamin D. People suffering from lifestyle diseases, or chronic health conditions, should always feel comfortable turning to conventional medicine for treatment of their health issues.",
"Always consult with a health care professional of your choice to discuss your specific health situation with before engaging in any natural health program.",
"In most cases Natural Health as a form of complementary medicine can be used along side conventional medicine to treat and manage your chronic health problems.",
"High cholesterol levels, for example, can often be treated with nutritional supplements and vitamins such as vitamin D, along with eating a healthy diet, and engaging in regular exercise ; with the expectation that you will be able to eventually stop taking your physician prescribed pharmaceuticals.",
"The Natural Health Perspective is about natural health, wellness, holistic medicine, prevention, excellent natural immunity, healthy living, and healthy lifestyles.",
"Our site describes a mainly Western outlook on holistic medicine.",
"Our articles present alternative health information that centers on lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, attitude, and relationships.",
"We offer proactive approaches to the prevention of lifestyle diseases through the holistic medicine of healthy living.",
"Highlights of Lifestyle Diseases: Until the present era, death was caused by sudden onset conditions.",
"Sudden Onset conditions are easily curable by Allopathic Medicine.",
"Today, conditions that slowly develop over many years as we age cause more deaths.",
"These insidious diseases do NOT lend themselves to a quick fix by Allopathic Medicine.",
"Lifestyle diseases are a result of an inappropriate relationship of people with their environment.",
"The onset of these lifestyle diseases is insidious, they take years to develop, and once encountered do not lend themselves easily to cure.",
"Lifestyle Diseases Your browser does not currently recognize any of the video formats available.",
"Click here to visit our frequently asked questions about HTML5 video.0:00 / 6:42Do lifestyle diseases really exist?",
"There are two basic lines of evidence that support the existence of lifestyle diseases: (1) the international variation in cancer rates, and (2) Death statistics in the United States.",
"A research paper published in the prestigious Lancet beautifully articulated the international variation in cancer rates argument that evidences the existence of lifestyle diseases.",
"\"\"In many [western] countries, peoples' diet changed substantially in the second half of the twentieth century, generally with increases in consumption of meat, dairy products, vegetable oils, fruit juice, and alcoholic beverages, and decreases in consumption of starchy staple foods such as bread, potatoes, rice, and maize flour.",
"Other aspects of lifestyle also changed, notably, large reductions in physical activity and large increases in the prevalence of obesity.\"\"",
"[18]\"\"It was noted in the 1970s that people in many western countries had diets high in animal products, fat, and sugar, and high rates of cancers of the colorectum, breast, prostate, endometrium, and lung; by contrast, individuals in developing countries usually had diets that were based on one or two starchy staple foods, with low intakes of animal products, fat, and sugar, and low rates of these cancers.\"\"",
"[18]\"\"These observations suggest that the diets [or lifestyle] of different populations might partly determine their rates of cancer, and the basis for this hypothesis was strengthened by results of studies showing that people who migrate from one country to another generally acquire the cancer rates of the new host country, suggesting that environmental [or lifestyle factors] rather than genetic factors are the key determinants of the international variation in cancer rates.\"\"",
"[18]An analysis of the death statistics of the United States reveals some interesting facts that tend to support the existence of lifestyle diseases.",
"In 1900, the top three causes of death in the United States were pneumonia / influenza, tuberculosis, and diarrhea/enteritis.",
"[17] Back then communicable diseases accounted for about 60 percent of all deaths.",
"[17] In 1900, lifestyle diseases like heart disease and cancer were ranked number #4 and #8 respectively.",
"[17] Since the 1940's, most deaths in the United States have resulted from heart disease, cancer, and other lifestyle diseases.",
"[17] And, by the late 1990's, lifestyle diseases accounted for more than 60 percent of all deaths.",
"[17]In 1900, these top three causes of death were from communicable diseases.",
"Since the 1940's, most deaths have come from a completely different category of disease called lifestyle diseases.",
"[17] Until the present era, sudden onset caused death due to infections, malignancies, injuries, poisonings, and war.",
"The persons inflicted had no role to play in their occurrence.",
"These Sudden Onset conditions lend themselves to a quick fix curative effort.",
"Obviously, you have to die of something.",
"Modern science through improved sanitation, and antibiotics, and medical attention has eliminated the threat of death from most infectious diseases.",
"This means that death from lifestyle diseases like heart disease and cancer are now the primary causes of death.",
"The question now becomes a question of death at what age.",
"In eighteenth-century England, chimney sweeps died in great numbers from scrotal cancer that was then called soot wart.",
"Everybody naturally has to die of something, but lifestyle diseases take people before their time.",
"Too many people are dying relatively young from Heart Disease and Cancer and other lifestyle diseases in modern times.",
"The choice is yours: die young, now or at a ripe old age.",
"Death rate data yield some startling statistics.",
"Death rates peak from accidents at age 40, from cancer at age 70, and from heart disease and stroke at age 85.",
"Congratulate yourself for being alive at each of these ages.",
"They represent milestones on the road to a long life.",
"For both men and women, the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and cancer goes dramatically up between the ages of 65 and 84.",
"Yet once you reach the age of 85 the risk for dying from cancer goes dramatically down for both men and women.",
"For men their risk for dying from cardiovascular disease falls dramatically after age 84.",
"Nevertheless, women maintain their high risk for from dying from cardiovascular disease.",
"Top 10 Lifestyle Diseases in alphabetical sequence Name Comments Alzheimer's Disease: a form of brain disease.",
"No one knows the exact cause, but a real breakdown of the cells of the brain does occur.",
"There is no treatment, but good nutrition may slow the progress of this lifestyle disease, which lasts about seven years in most people who have it.",
"Arteriosclerosis: A generic term for several diseases in which the arterial wall becomes thicken and loses elasticity.",
"Atherosclerosis is the most common and serious vascular disease.",
"Plaques (atheromas) deposited in the walls of arteries are major causes of heart disease, chest pain (angina pectoris), heart attacks, and other disorders of the circulation.",
"In atherosclerosis yellowish plaques of cholesterol, fats, and other remains are deposited in the walls of large and medium-sized arteries.",
"Atherosclerosis usually occurs with aging.",
"It is linked to overweight, high blood pressure, and diabetes.",
"Cancer: diseases characterized by uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells.",
"Cancer has been the number two cause of death since 1938, [17] But, at the turn of the 20th century, it was only #8.",
"[17] Cancer is definitely considered the number one Disease of Civilization.",
"There are more than 150 different kinds of cancer and many different causes.",
"Top 5 Cancers (Incidence) in USA [16]MEN WOMENProstate (40%)Lung (18%)Colorectal (12%)Urinary Bladder (08%)Skin (05%)Breast (40%)Lung (17%)Colorectal (12%)Uterus (08%)Thyroid (05%)Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis: any of a group of liver disorders.",
"Characteristics of liver disease are jaundice, loss of appetite, liver enlargement, fluid accumulation, and impaired consciousness.",
"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) : a disease characterized by slowly progressing, irreversible airway obstruction.",
"The symptoms are problems in breathing while exercising, difficulty in breathing in or out deeply, and sometimes a long-term cough.",
"The condition may result from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, or chronic bronchiolitis.",
"Cigarette smoking and air pollution make it worse.",
"Essential Hypertension is the form of hypertension that conventional medicine claims has no identifiable cause.",
"Hypertension, or high blood pressure is when a person's blood pressure is at least 140 mm Hg systolic (i.e., number on top) or 90 mm Hg diastolic.",
"Systolic refers to blood pressure when the heart beats while pumping blood.",
"Diastolic refers to blood pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.",
"Diabetes: a disease affecting sugars used by the body.",
"There are four main types of diabetes mellitus.",
"Type I diabetes is also called insulin-dependent diabetes, juvenile-onset diabetes, brittle diabetes, or ketosis-prone diabetes.",
"Type II diabetes is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes, adult-onset diabetes, ketosis-resistant diabetes, or stable diabetes.",
"Type II often develops in over weight adults.",
"Type III, or gestational diabetes, occurs in some women during pregnancy.",
"Type IV includes other types of diabetes are linked to disease of the pancreas, hormonal changes, side effects of drugs, or genetic defects.",
"Heart Disease: any of several abnormalities that affect the heart muscle or the blood vessels of the heart.",
"Heart disease has been the number one cause of mortality and morbidity in most of the USA since 1910.",
"[17] But, at the turn of the 20th century, it was only #4.",
"[17] There are a couple dozen forms of this lifestyle disease.",
"Heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease can lead to congestive heart failure, a condition in which the heart cannot pump sufficient blood to meet the demands of the body.",
"The various forms of heart disease may also cause disturbances in normal heartbeat, called arrhythmia.",
"Nephritis/CRF: any disease of the kidney marked by swelling and abnormal function.",
"Characteristics of kidney disease are bloody urine, persistent protein in urine, pus in urine, edema, difficult urination, and pain in the back.",
"Stroke: a condition due to the lack of oxygen to the brain that may lead to reversible or irreversible paralysis.",
"Stroke is linked to advanced age, high blood pressure, previous attacks of poor circulation, cigarette smoking, heart disorders, embolism, family history of strokes, use of birth-control pills, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, over weight, high cholesterol, and hyperlipidemia.",
"Leading Causes of Death The following are the leading causes of death in the United States for ALL sex, race, and age groups listed in descending sequence.",
"[19]Diseases of the heart (Includes both Heart Disease and arteriosclerosis which results in death by heart attacks.",
")Cancer (Malignant Neoplasms)Stroke (Cerebrovascular diseases or a group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain.",
")Chronic lower respiratory diseases (COPD) — Accidents (NOT a Lifestyle disease)Alzheimer's disease Diabetes — Influenza and Pneumonia (NOT a Lifestyle disease - But interesting enough can probably in most cases be prevented with adequate supplementation of vitamin D, vitamin A, and the macro-mineral zinc.",
")Nephritis/CRF — Septicemia (NOT a Lifestyle disease - But interesting enough can probably in most cases be prevented with adequate supplementation of vitamin D, vitamin A, and the macro-mineral zinc.",
"[The presence of pathogenic organisms in the bloodstream, leading to sepsis or blood poisoning.])",
"— Suicide (NOT a Lifestyle disease)Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal disease (High Blood Pressure)Parkinson's disease (a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system) — Homicide (NOT a Lifestyle disease)This article was originally published during 2003.",
"Please read our Medical Advice Disclaimer.",
"Please read Improving Web Site Accessibility, if you are having trouble viewing this Web page.",
"Lifestyle Diseases Comments: References: Lichtenstein P, Holm NV, Verkasalo PK.",
"Environmental and Heritable Factors in the Causation of Cancer.",
"N Engl J Med 2000 Jul 13;343 (2):78-85.",
"PMID: 10891514Sobra J; Ceska R. [Diseases of civilization from the aspect of evolution of the human diet].",
"Cas Lek Cesk, 1992 Apr, 131:7, 193-7.",
"PMID: 1638605Zöllner N. [The relevance of diet for civilization diseases, especially atherosclerosis].",
"Wien Med Wochenschr Suppl, 1990, 106:, suppl 11-2.",
"PMID: 2219947Roelcke V. [Between individual therapy and political intervention: campaigns against \"\"diseases of civilization\"\" between 1920 and 1960].",
"Gesundheitswesen, 1995 Aug, 57:8-9, 443-51.",
"PMID: 7496099Burkitt DP.",
"Western diseases and their emergence related to diet.",
"S Afr Med J, 1982 Jun, 61:26, 1013-5.",
"PMID: 6283683Painter NS.",
"Diverticular disease of the colon.",
"The first of the Western diseases shown to be due to a deficiency of dietary fibre.",
"S Afr Med J, 1982 Jun, 61:26, 1016-20.",
"PMID: 6283684Forrester T; Cooper RS; Weatherall D. Emergence of Western diseases in the tropical world: the experience with chronic cardiovascular diseases.",
"Br Med Bull, 1998, 54:2, 463-73.",
"PMID: 9830210Adlercreutz H. Western diet and Western diseases: some hormonal and biochemical mechanisms and associations.",
"Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl, 1990, 201:, 3-23.",
"PMID: 2173856Adlercreutz H; Mazur W. Phyto-oestrogens and Western diseases.",
"Ann Med, 1997 Apr, 29:2, 95-120.",
"PMID: 9187225Meng L; Maskarinec G; Lee J. Lifestyle factors and chronic diseases: application of a composite risk index.",
"Prev Med, 1999 Oct, 29:4, 296-304.",
"PMID: 10547055Steyn K; Fourie J; Bradshaw D. The impact of chronic diseases of lifestyle and their major risk factors on mortality in South Africa.",
"S Afr Med J, 1992 Oct, 82:4, 227-31.",
"PMID: 1411817Steyn K; Kazenellenbogen JM; Lombard CJ.",
"Urbanization and the risk for chronic diseases of lifestyle in the black population of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa.",
"J Cardiovasc Risk, 1997 Apr, 4:2, 135-42.",
"PMID: 9304495Chronic Disease and their Risk Factors: The USA's Leading Causes of Death AHA: Leading Causes of Death Leading Causes of Death Reports CDC - United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) - 2007 Data National Center for Health Statistics, National Office of Vital Statistics, 1947 for the year 1900 (page 67), for the year 1938 (page 55).",
"Key TJ, Allen NE, Spencer EA.",
"The effect of diet on risk of cancer.",
"Lancet.",
"2002 Sep 14;360 (9336):861-8. Review.",
"PMID: 12243933CDC - United States Leading Causes of Death - 2007 Data Anti-Aging Therapy Natural Health Conditions Editorials Featured Stories Documentary Films Natural Juicing Health Reviews Health Scams Natural Health Tutorials Natural Weight Loss Vitamin D Revolution Health Glossary Lifestyle Diseases Detox Naturally Natural Immunity Environmental Epigenetics Agenda About Us About You Contact Us Web Search Latest Additions Featuring natural cures, health, and wellness through the holistic medicine of healthy living.www.",
"Natural Health Perspective.com Copyright © 1999-2016, by John H. Gohde, All Rights Reserved.",
"Please read INFO, HELP, TOS, and FAQ before using this site. \""
] |
D2755536
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/corns
|
corn
|
"corn 1 (kôrn)n.1.a. Any of numerous cultivated forms of a widely grown, usually tall annual cereal grass (Zea mays) bearing grains or kernels on large ears.b. The grains or kernels of this plant, used as food for humans and livestock or for theextraction of an edible oil or starch. Also called Indian corn, maize.2. An ear of this plant.3. Chiefly British Any of various cereal plants or grains, especially the principal crop cultivated in a particular region, such as wheat in England or oats in Scotland.4.a. A single grain of a cereal plant.b. A seed or fruit of various other plants, such as a peppercorn.5. Corn snow.6. Informal Corn whiskey.7. Slang Something considered trite, dated, melodramatic, or unduly sentimental.v. corned, corn·ing, cornsv. tr.1. To cause to form hard particles; granulate.2.a. To season and preserve with granulated salt.b. To preserve (beef, for example) in brine.3. To feed (animals) with corn or grain.v. intr. To form hard particles; become grainy: ""After the snow melts all day, it corns up at night forfine conditions"" (Hatfield MA Valley Advocate). [Middle English, grain, from Old English; see gr̥ə-no- in Indo-European roots . ]Word History: Originally, the English word corn meant any rounded grain or seedwhatsoever. In particular, it was used to refer to the kind of grain most often grown in a certainregion. Thus in England, a cornfield is usually a field of wheat. The pretty blue cornflower is a Eurasian weed that originally plagued fields of wheat, not maize. In Scotland, on the otherhand, corn can mean ""oats,"" the grain that thrives best in Scotland's cool and damp climate. To modern North Americans, however, corn means maize —that is, the plant Zea mays andits seeds. When they first encountered Zea mays in the 16th century, the English borrowedthe Spanish term for the grain, maíz, which is in turn a borrowing of Arawakan mahiz or mahís. Later, in the 17th century, another term for maize appears, Indian corn —the word Indian here meaning ""native to the Americas."" The American word corn in the specificmeaning ""maize"" is simply a shortening of Indian corn.corn 2 (kôrn)n. A horny thickening of the skin, usually on or near a toe, resulting from pressure or friction. Also called clavus. [Middle English corne, from Old French, horn, from Latin cornū; see ker- in Indo-European roots . ]American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.corn ( kɔːn) n1. (Agriculture)a. any of various cereal plants, esp the predominant crop of a region, such as wheat in England and oats in Scotland and Irelandb. the seeds of such plants, esp after harvestingc. a single seed of such plants; a grain2. (Plants)a. a tall annual grass, Zea mays, cultivated for its yellow edible grains, which develop on a spikeb. the grain of this plant, used for food, fodder, and as a source of oil. See alsosweetcorn 1, popcorn 13. (Agriculture)a. the plants producing these kinds of grain considered as a growing crop: spring corn.b. ( in combination ): a cornfield.4. (Brewing) short for corn whisky5. slang an idea, song, etc, regarded as banal or sentimental6. archaic or dialect any hard particle or grainvb ( tr) 7. (Agriculture) to feed (animals) with corn, esp oats8. (Cookery)a. to preserve in brineb. to salt9. (Agriculture) to plant corn on [Old English corn; related to Old Norse, Old High German corn, Gothic kaúrn, Latin grānum,Sanskrit jīrná fragile]corn ( kɔːn) n1. (Pathology) a hardening or thickening of the skin around a central point in the foot, caused by pressure or friction2. tread on someone's corns informal Brit to offend or hurt someone by touching on a sensitive subject or encroaching on his privileges [C15: from Old French corne horn, from Latin cornū]Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © Harper Collins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014corn 1 (kɔrn)n.1. Also called Indian corn; esp. technical and Brit., maize.a. a tall cereal plant, Zea mays, cultivated in many varieties, having a jointed, solidstem and bearing the kernels on large ears.b. the kernels of this plant, used for human food or for fodder.c. the ears of this plant.2.a. the edible seed of certain other cereal plants, esp. wheat in England and oats in Scotland.b. the plants themselves.3. sweet corn.4. corn whiskey.5. Informal. old-fashioned, trite, or mawkishly sentimental material, as a story or music.v.t.6. to preserve and season with brine or with salt in grains.7. to granulate, as gunpowder.8. to feed with corn. [before 900; Middle English, Old English, c. Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Old High German, Old Norsekorn, Gothic kaurn; akin to Latin grānum grain, Russian zernó]corn 2 (kɔrn)n.a horny growth of tissue with a tender core, formed over a bone, esp. on the toes, as a result of pressure or friction. [1375–1425; late Middle English corne < Anglo-French, Middle French < Latin cornū horn, hence a horny hardening of the cuticle]-corna combining form meaning “having a horn,” of the kind or number specified by the initialelement: longicorn. [< Latin -cornis, adj. derivative of cornū horn]Corn. Cornwall. Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.corn In American English, corn is a long rounded vegetable covered in small yellow seeds. The seedsthemselves are also called corn. Serve with grilled corn or french fries. In British English, this vegetable is usually called sweetcorn. We had fish with peas and sweetcorn. In British English, corn refers to any type of cereal plant growing in a particular area, for examplewheat, barley, or maize. We drove past fields of corn. Speakers of American English use grain for this meaning. Grain harvests were delayed. Collins COBUILD English Usage © Harper Collins Publishers 1992, 2004, 2011, 2012corn Past participle: corned Gerund: corning Imperativecorncorn Collins English Verb Tables © Harper Collins Publishers 2011 "
|
[
"\"corn 1 (kôrn)n.1.a.",
"Any of numerous cultivated forms of a widely grown, usually tall annual cereal grass (Zea mays) bearing grains or kernels on large ears.b.",
"The grains or kernels of this plant, used as food for humans and livestock or for theextraction of an edible oil or starch.",
"Also called Indian corn, maize.2.",
"An ear of this plant.3.",
"Chiefly British Any of various cereal plants or grains, especially the principal crop cultivated in a particular region, such as wheat in England or oats in Scotland.4.a.",
"A single grain of a cereal plant.b.",
"A seed or fruit of various other plants, such as a peppercorn.5.",
"Corn snow.6.",
"Informal Corn whiskey.7.",
"Slang Something considered trite, dated, melodramatic, or unduly sentimental.v.",
"corned, corn·ing, cornsv.",
"tr.1.",
"To cause to form hard particles; granulate.2.a.",
"To season and preserve with granulated salt.b.",
"To preserve (beef, for example) in brine.3.",
"To feed (animals) with corn or grain.v.",
"intr.",
"To form hard particles; become grainy: \"\"After the snow melts all day, it corns up at night forfine conditions\"\" (Hatfield MA Valley Advocate).",
"[Middle English, grain, from Old English; see gr̥ə-no- in Indo-European roots .",
"]Word History: Originally, the English word corn meant any rounded grain or seedwhatsoever.",
"In particular, it was used to refer to the kind of grain most often grown in a certainregion.",
"Thus in England, a cornfield is usually a field of wheat.",
"The pretty blue cornflower is a Eurasian weed that originally plagued fields of wheat, not maize.",
"In Scotland, on the otherhand, corn can mean \"\"oats,\"\" the grain that thrives best in Scotland's cool and damp climate.",
"To modern North Americans, however, corn means maize —that is, the plant Zea mays andits seeds.",
"When they first encountered Zea mays in the 16th century, the English borrowedthe Spanish term for the grain, maíz, which is in turn a borrowing of Arawakan mahiz or mahís.",
"Later, in the 17th century, another term for maize appears, Indian corn —the word Indian here meaning \"\"native to the Americas.\"\"",
"The American word corn in the specificmeaning \"\"maize\"\" is simply a shortening of Indian corn.corn 2 (kôrn)n. A horny thickening of the skin, usually on or near a toe, resulting from pressure or friction.",
"Also called clavus.",
"[Middle English corne, from Old French, horn, from Latin cornū; see ker- in Indo-European roots .",
"]American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition.",
"Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.",
"Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.",
"All rights reserved.corn ( kɔːn) n1.",
"(Agriculture)a. any of various cereal plants, esp the predominant crop of a region, such as wheat in England and oats in Scotland and Irelandb.",
"the seeds of such plants, esp after harvestingc.",
"a single seed of such plants; a grain2.",
"(Plants)a. a tall annual grass, Zea mays, cultivated for its yellow edible grains, which develop on a spikeb.",
"the grain of this plant, used for food, fodder, and as a source of oil.",
"See alsosweetcorn 1, popcorn 13.",
"(Agriculture)a. the plants producing these kinds of grain considered as a growing crop: spring corn.b.",
"( in combination ): a cornfield.4.",
"(Brewing) short for corn whisky5.",
"slang an idea, song, etc, regarded as banal or sentimental6.",
"archaic or dialect any hard particle or grainvb ( tr) 7.",
"(Agriculture) to feed (animals) with corn, esp oats8.",
"(Cookery)a. to preserve in brineb.",
"to salt9.",
"(Agriculture) to plant corn on [Old English corn; related to Old Norse, Old High German corn, Gothic kaúrn, Latin grānum,Sanskrit jīrná fragile]corn ( kɔːn) n1.",
"(Pathology) a hardening or thickening of the skin around a central point in the foot, caused by pressure or friction2.",
"tread on someone's corns informal Brit to offend or hurt someone by touching on a sensitive subject or encroaching on his privileges [C15: from Old French corne horn, from Latin cornū]Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © Harper Collins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014corn 1 (kɔrn)n.1.",
"Also called Indian corn; esp.",
"technical and Brit., maize.a.",
"a tall cereal plant, Zea mays, cultivated in many varieties, having a jointed, solidstem and bearing the kernels on large ears.b.",
"the kernels of this plant, used for human food or for fodder.c.",
"the ears of this plant.2.a.",
"the edible seed of certain other cereal plants, esp.",
"wheat in England and oats in Scotland.b.",
"the plants themselves.3.",
"sweet corn.4.",
"corn whiskey.5.",
"Informal.",
"old-fashioned, trite, or mawkishly sentimental material, as a story or music.v.t.6.",
"to preserve and season with brine or with salt in grains.7.",
"to granulate, as gunpowder.8.",
"to feed with corn.",
"[before 900; Middle English, Old English, c. Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Old High German, Old Norsekorn, Gothic kaurn; akin to Latin grānum grain, Russian zernó]corn 2 (kɔrn)n.a horny growth of tissue with a tender core, formed over a bone, esp.",
"on the toes, as a result of pressure or friction.",
"[1375–1425; late Middle English corne < Anglo-French, Middle French < Latin cornū horn, hence a horny hardening of the cuticle]-corna combining form meaning “having a horn,” of the kind or number specified by the initialelement: longicorn.",
"[< Latin -cornis, adj.",
"derivative of cornū horn]Corn.",
"Cornwall.",
"Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd.",
"Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.corn In American English, corn is a long rounded vegetable covered in small yellow seeds.",
"The seedsthemselves are also called corn.",
"Serve with grilled corn or french fries.",
"In British English, this vegetable is usually called sweetcorn.",
"We had fish with peas and sweetcorn.",
"In British English, corn refers to any type of cereal plant growing in a particular area, for examplewheat, barley, or maize.",
"We drove past fields of corn.",
"Speakers of American English use grain for this meaning.",
"Grain harvests were delayed.",
"Collins COBUILD English Usage © Harper Collins Publishers 1992, 2004, 2011, 2012corn Past participle: corned Gerund: corning Imperativecorncorn Collins English Verb Tables © Harper Collins Publishers 2011 \""
] |
D206611
|
https://patient.info/health/dyspepsia-indigestion
|
Indigestion Dyspepsia
|
Gut / Bowel / Stomach Save Print Share Actions Indigestion Dyspepsia Authored by Dr Colin Tidy, 09 Mar 2018In this series: Gastritis Non-ulcer Dyspepsia (Functional Dyspepsia) Stomach Ulcer (Gastric Ulcer) Duodenal Ulcer Stomach Pain (Helicobacter Pylori) Gastroscopy (Endoscopy) Eosinophilic Oesophagitis Dyspepsia (indigestion) is a term which describes pain and sometimes other symptoms which come from your upper gut (the stomach, oesophagus or duodenum). There are various causes (described below). Treatment depends on the likely cause. In this article Understanding digestion What is dyspepsia? What causes dyspepsia? What is normally done if you develop dyspepsia? Understanding digestion The upper gut Food passes down the gullet (oesophagus) into the stomach. The stomach makes acid which is not essential but helps to digest food. Food then passes gradually into the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum). In the duodenum and the rest of the small intestine, food mixes with chemicals called enzymes. The enzymes come from the pancreas and from cells lining the intestine. The enzymes break down (digest) the food. Digested food is then absorbed into the body from the small intestine. What is dyspepsia? Dyspepsia is a term which includes a group of symptoms that come from a problem in your upper gut. The gut (gastrointestinal tract) is the tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus. The upper gut includes the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. Various conditions cause dyspepsia. The main symptom is usually pain or discomfort in the upper tummy (abdomen). In addition, other symptoms that may develop include: Bloating. Belching. Quickly feeling full after eating. Feeling sick (nausea). Being sick (vomiting). Symptoms are often related to eating. Doctors used to include heartburn (a burning sensation felt in the lower chest area) and bitter-tasting liquid coming up into the back of the throat (sometimes called 'waterbrash') as symptoms of dyspepsia. However, these are now considered to be features of a condition called gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) - see below. Symptoms tend to occur in bouts which come and go, rather than being present all the time. Most people have a bout of dyspepsia, often called indigestion, from time to time. For example, after a large spicy meal. In most cases it soon goes away and is of little concern. However, some people have frequent bouts of dyspepsia, which affects their quality of life. What causes dyspepsia? Common causes Most cases of repeated (recurring) dyspepsia are due to one of the following: Non-ulcer dyspepsia. This is sometimes called functional dyspepsia. It means that no known cause can be found for the symptoms. See the separate leaflet called Non-ulcer Dyspepsia (Functional Dyspepsia) for more detail. Duodenal and stomach (gastric) ulcers. An ulcer occurs when the lining of the gut is damaged and the underlying tissue is exposed. See the separate leaflets called Duodenal Ulcer and Stomach Ulcer (Gastric Ulcer) for more detail. Duodenitis and gastritis (inflammation of the duodenum and/or stomach) - which may be mild, or more severe and may lead to an ulcer. See the separate leaflet called Gastritis. Acid reflux, oesophagitis and GORD. Acid reflux occurs when some acid leaks up (refluxes) into the oesophagus from the stomach. See the separate leaflets called Acid Reflux and Oesophagitis and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis for more detail. Hiatus hernia. This occurs when the top part of the stomach pushes up into the lower chest through a defect in the diaphragm. See the separate leaflet called Hiatus Hernia for more detail. Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) - see below. Medication. Some medicines may cause dyspepsia as a side-effect: Anti-inflammatory medicines are the most common culprits. These are medicines that many people take for arthritis, muscular pains, sprains, period pains, etc. For example: aspirin, ibuprofen ,and diclofenac - but there are others. Anti-inflammatory medicines sometimes affect the lining of the stomach and allow acid to cause inflammation and ulcers. Various other medicines sometimes cause dyspepsia, or make dyspepsia worse. They include: digoxin, antibiotics, steroids, iron, calcium antagonists, nitrates and bisphosphonates. ( Note: this is not a full list. Check with the leaflet that comes with your medication for a list of possible side-effects.)H. pylori and dyspepsia The germ (bacterium) H. pylori can infect the lining of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most common infections in the UK. More than a quarter of people in the UK become infected with H. pylori at some stage in their lives. Once you are infected, unless treated, the infection usually stays for the rest of your life. Most people with H. pylori have no symptoms and do not know that they are infected. However, H. pylori is the most common cause of duodenal and stomach ulcers. See the separate leaflet called Stomach Pain (Helicobacter Pylori) for more detail. Other uncommon causes of dyspepsia Other problems of the upper gut such as stomach cancer and oesophageal cancer can cause dyspepsia when they first develop. There are separate leaflets which describe the above conditions in more detail. The rest of this leaflet gives an overview of what might happen if you see your doctor about dyspepsia. What is normally done if you develop dyspepsia? Your doctor is likely to do an initial assessment by asking you about your symptoms and examining your tummy (abdomen). The examination is usually normal if you have one of the common causes of dyspepsia. Your doctor will want to review any medicines that you have taken in case one may be causing the symptoms or making them worse. Following the initial assessment, depending on your circumstances, such as the severity and frequency of symptoms, your doctor may suggest one or more of the following plans of action. Lifestyle changes For all types of dyspepsia, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends the following lifestyle changes: Make sure you eat regular meals. Lose weight if you are obese. If you are a smoker, consider giving up. Don't drink too much alcohol. For dyspepsia which is likely to be due to acid reflux - when heartburn is a major symptom - the following may also be worth considering: Posture. Lying down or bending forward a lot during the day encourages reflux. Sitting hunched or wearing tight belts may put extra pressure on the stomach, which may make any reflux worse. Bedtime. If symptoms return most nights, the following may help: Go to bed with an empty, dry stomach. To do this, don't eat in the last three hours before bedtime and don't drink in the last two hours before bedtime. If you are able, try raising the head of the bed by 10-20 cm (for example, with books or bricks under the bed's legs). This helps gravity to keep acid from refluxing into the oesophagus. If you do this, do not use additional pillows, because this may increase abdominal pressure. Antacids taken as required Antacids are alkali liquids or tablets that can neutralise the stomach acid. A dose may give quick relief. There are many brands which you can buy. You can also obtain some on prescription. If you have mild or infrequent bouts of dyspepsia you may find that antacids used as required are all that you need. A change or alteration in your current medication This may be possible if a medicine that your are taking is thought to be causing the symptoms or making them worse. Test for H. pylori infection and treat if it is present A test to detect H. pylori is commonly done if you have frequent bouts of dyspepsia. As mentioned, it is the underlying cause of most duodenal and stomach ulcers and some cases of gastritis, duodenitis and non-ulcer dyspepsia. For more information about the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori, see the separate leaflet called Stomach Pain (Helicobacter Pylori). Acid-suppressing medication A one-month trial of full-dose medication which reduces stomach acid may be considered - in particular, if: Symptoms are more suggestive of acid reflux or oesophagitis. H. pylori does not cause these problems. Infection with H. pylori has been ruled out. H. pylori has been treated but symptoms persist. See the separate leaflet called Indigestion Medication for more information. Further tests Further tests are not needed in most cases. One or more of the above options will often sort out the problem. Reasons why further tests may be advised include: If additional symptoms suggest that your dyspepsia may be caused by a serious disorder such as stomach or oesophageal cancer, or a complication from an ulcer such as bleeding. For example, if you: Pass blood with your stools (blood can turn your stools black). Bring up (vomit) blood. Lose weight unintentionally. Feel generally unwell. Have difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). Vomit persistently. Develop anaemia. Have an abnormality when you are examined by a doctor, such as a lump in the abdomen. If you are aged over 55 and develop persistent or unexplained dyspepsia. If the symptoms are not typical and may be coming from outside the gut. For example, to rule out problems of the gallbladder, pancreas, liver, etc. If the symptoms are severe and do not respond to treatment. If you have a risk factor for stomach cancer, such as Barrett's oesophagus, dysplasia, atrophic gastritis, or had ulcer surgery over 20 years earlier. Tests advised may include: Gastroscopy (endoscopy). In this test a doctor or nurse looks inside your oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. They do this by passing a thin, flexible telescope down your oesophagus. See the separate leaflet called Gastroscopy (Endoscopy) for more detail. A blood test to check for anaemia. If you are anaemic, it may be due to a bleeding ulcer, or to a bleeding stomach cancer. You may not notice the bleeding if it is not heavy, as the blood is passed out unnoticed in your stools. Tests of the gallbladder, pancreas, etc, if the cause of the symptoms is not clear. Treatment depends on what is found or ruled out by the tests. Next page: Gastritis Did you find this information useful? Further reading and references Related Information Indigestion Medication Non-ulcer Dyspepsia (Functional Dyspepsia)Stomach Pain (Helicobacter Pylori)Stomach Ulcer (Gastric Ulcer)Duodenal Ulcer View all When to worry about indigestion4 minutes reading time What would your stomach choose at the supermarket?5 minutes reading time Hi Everyone,In November I started an extremely anxious phase where I thought I had HIV, got tested with a PCR and Elissa test at 7 1/2 weeks post exposure and was negative, got tested again at 4 1/2... Mo786Join the discussion on the forums Health Tools Feeling unwell? Assess your symptoms online with our free symptom checker. Start symptom checker Article Information Last Checked 09 March 2018Next Review 08 March 2021Document ID 4868 (v44)Author Dr Colin Tidy Peer reviewer Dr John Cox The information on this page is written and peer reviewed by qualified clinicians. Disclaimer: This article is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. Patient Platform Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but make no warranty as to its accuracy. Consult a doctor or other health care professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. For details see our conditions.
|
[
"Gut / Bowel / Stomach Save Print Share Actions Indigestion Dyspepsia Authored by Dr Colin Tidy, 09 Mar 2018In this series: Gastritis Non-ulcer Dyspepsia (Functional Dyspepsia) Stomach Ulcer (Gastric Ulcer) Duodenal Ulcer Stomach Pain (Helicobacter Pylori) Gastroscopy (Endoscopy) Eosinophilic Oesophagitis Dyspepsia (indigestion) is a term which describes pain and sometimes other symptoms which come from your upper gut (the stomach, oesophagus or duodenum).",
"There are various causes (described below).",
"Treatment depends on the likely cause.",
"In this article Understanding digestion What is dyspepsia?",
"What causes dyspepsia?",
"What is normally done if you develop dyspepsia?",
"Understanding digestion The upper gut Food passes down the gullet (oesophagus) into the stomach.",
"The stomach makes acid which is not essential but helps to digest food.",
"Food then passes gradually into the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum).",
"In the duodenum and the rest of the small intestine, food mixes with chemicals called enzymes.",
"The enzymes come from the pancreas and from cells lining the intestine.",
"The enzymes break down (digest) the food.",
"Digested food is then absorbed into the body from the small intestine.",
"What is dyspepsia?",
"Dyspepsia is a term which includes a group of symptoms that come from a problem in your upper gut.",
"The gut (gastrointestinal tract) is the tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus.",
"The upper gut includes the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum.",
"Various conditions cause dyspepsia.",
"The main symptom is usually pain or discomfort in the upper tummy (abdomen).",
"In addition, other symptoms that may develop include: Bloating.",
"Belching.",
"Quickly feeling full after eating.",
"Feeling sick (nausea).",
"Being sick (vomiting).",
"Symptoms are often related to eating.",
"Doctors used to include heartburn (a burning sensation felt in the lower chest area) and bitter-tasting liquid coming up into the back of the throat (sometimes called 'waterbrash') as symptoms of dyspepsia.",
"However, these are now considered to be features of a condition called gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) - see below.",
"Symptoms tend to occur in bouts which come and go, rather than being present all the time.",
"Most people have a bout of dyspepsia, often called indigestion, from time to time.",
"For example, after a large spicy meal.",
"In most cases it soon goes away and is of little concern.",
"However, some people have frequent bouts of dyspepsia, which affects their quality of life.",
"What causes dyspepsia?",
"Common causes Most cases of repeated (recurring) dyspepsia are due to one of the following: Non-ulcer dyspepsia.",
"This is sometimes called functional dyspepsia.",
"It means that no known cause can be found for the symptoms.",
"See the separate leaflet called Non-ulcer Dyspepsia (Functional Dyspepsia) for more detail.",
"Duodenal and stomach (gastric) ulcers.",
"An ulcer occurs when the lining of the gut is damaged and the underlying tissue is exposed.",
"See the separate leaflets called Duodenal Ulcer and Stomach Ulcer (Gastric Ulcer) for more detail.",
"Duodenitis and gastritis (inflammation of the duodenum and/or stomach) - which may be mild, or more severe and may lead to an ulcer.",
"See the separate leaflet called Gastritis.",
"Acid reflux, oesophagitis and GORD.",
"Acid reflux occurs when some acid leaks up (refluxes) into the oesophagus from the stomach.",
"See the separate leaflets called Acid Reflux and Oesophagitis and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis for more detail.",
"Hiatus hernia.",
"This occurs when the top part of the stomach pushes up into the lower chest through a defect in the diaphragm.",
"See the separate leaflet called Hiatus Hernia for more detail.",
"Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) - see below.",
"Medication.",
"Some medicines may cause dyspepsia as a side-effect: Anti-inflammatory medicines are the most common culprits.",
"These are medicines that many people take for arthritis, muscular pains, sprains, period pains, etc.",
"For example: aspirin, ibuprofen ,and diclofenac - but there are others.",
"Anti-inflammatory medicines sometimes affect the lining of the stomach and allow acid to cause inflammation and ulcers.",
"Various other medicines sometimes cause dyspepsia, or make dyspepsia worse.",
"They include: digoxin, antibiotics, steroids, iron, calcium antagonists, nitrates and bisphosphonates.",
"( Note: this is not a full list.",
"Check with the leaflet that comes with your medication for a list of possible side-effects.)H.",
"pylori and dyspepsia The germ (bacterium) H. pylori can infect the lining of the stomach and duodenum.",
"It is one of the most common infections in the UK.",
"More than a quarter of people in the UK become infected with H. pylori at some stage in their lives.",
"Once you are infected, unless treated, the infection usually stays for the rest of your life.",
"Most people with H. pylori have no symptoms and do not know that they are infected.",
"However, H. pylori is the most common cause of duodenal and stomach ulcers.",
"See the separate leaflet called Stomach Pain (Helicobacter Pylori) for more detail.",
"Other uncommon causes of dyspepsia Other problems of the upper gut such as stomach cancer and oesophageal cancer can cause dyspepsia when they first develop.",
"There are separate leaflets which describe the above conditions in more detail.",
"The rest of this leaflet gives an overview of what might happen if you see your doctor about dyspepsia.",
"What is normally done if you develop dyspepsia?",
"Your doctor is likely to do an initial assessment by asking you about your symptoms and examining your tummy (abdomen).",
"The examination is usually normal if you have one of the common causes of dyspepsia.",
"Your doctor will want to review any medicines that you have taken in case one may be causing the symptoms or making them worse.",
"Following the initial assessment, depending on your circumstances, such as the severity and frequency of symptoms, your doctor may suggest one or more of the following plans of action.",
"Lifestyle changes For all types of dyspepsia, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends the following lifestyle changes: Make sure you eat regular meals.",
"Lose weight if you are obese.",
"If you are a smoker, consider giving up.",
"Don't drink too much alcohol.",
"For dyspepsia which is likely to be due to acid reflux - when heartburn is a major symptom - the following may also be worth considering: Posture.",
"Lying down or bending forward a lot during the day encourages reflux.",
"Sitting hunched or wearing tight belts may put extra pressure on the stomach, which may make any reflux worse.",
"Bedtime.",
"If symptoms return most nights, the following may help: Go to bed with an empty, dry stomach.",
"To do this, don't eat in the last three hours before bedtime and don't drink in the last two hours before bedtime.",
"If you are able, try raising the head of the bed by 10-20 cm (for example, with books or bricks under the bed's legs).",
"This helps gravity to keep acid from refluxing into the oesophagus.",
"If you do this, do not use additional pillows, because this may increase abdominal pressure.",
"Antacids taken as required Antacids are alkali liquids or tablets that can neutralise the stomach acid.",
"A dose may give quick relief.",
"There are many brands which you can buy.",
"You can also obtain some on prescription.",
"If you have mild or infrequent bouts of dyspepsia you may find that antacids used as required are all that you need.",
"A change or alteration in your current medication This may be possible if a medicine that your are taking is thought to be causing the symptoms or making them worse.",
"Test for H. pylori infection and treat if it is present A test to detect H. pylori is commonly done if you have frequent bouts of dyspepsia.",
"As mentioned, it is the underlying cause of most duodenal and stomach ulcers and some cases of gastritis, duodenitis and non-ulcer dyspepsia.",
"For more information about the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori, see the separate leaflet called Stomach Pain (Helicobacter Pylori).",
"Acid-suppressing medication A one-month trial of full-dose medication which reduces stomach acid may be considered - in particular, if: Symptoms are more suggestive of acid reflux or oesophagitis.",
"H. pylori does not cause these problems.",
"Infection with H. pylori has been ruled out.",
"H. pylori has been treated but symptoms persist.",
"See the separate leaflet called Indigestion Medication for more information.",
"Further tests Further tests are not needed in most cases.",
"One or more of the above options will often sort out the problem.",
"Reasons why further tests may be advised include: If additional symptoms suggest that your dyspepsia may be caused by a serious disorder such as stomach or oesophageal cancer, or a complication from an ulcer such as bleeding.",
"For example, if you: Pass blood with your stools (blood can turn your stools black).",
"Bring up (vomit) blood.",
"Lose weight unintentionally.",
"Feel generally unwell.",
"Have difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).",
"Vomit persistently.",
"Develop anaemia.",
"Have an abnormality when you are examined by a doctor, such as a lump in the abdomen.",
"If you are aged over 55 and develop persistent or unexplained dyspepsia.",
"If the symptoms are not typical and may be coming from outside the gut.",
"For example, to rule out problems of the gallbladder, pancreas, liver, etc.",
"If the symptoms are severe and do not respond to treatment.",
"If you have a risk factor for stomach cancer, such as Barrett's oesophagus, dysplasia, atrophic gastritis, or had ulcer surgery over 20 years earlier.",
"Tests advised may include: Gastroscopy (endoscopy).",
"In this test a doctor or nurse looks inside your oesophagus, stomach and duodenum.",
"They do this by passing a thin, flexible telescope down your oesophagus.",
"See the separate leaflet called Gastroscopy (Endoscopy) for more detail.",
"A blood test to check for anaemia.",
"If you are anaemic, it may be due to a bleeding ulcer, or to a bleeding stomach cancer.",
"You may not notice the bleeding if it is not heavy, as the blood is passed out unnoticed in your stools.",
"Tests of the gallbladder, pancreas, etc, if the cause of the symptoms is not clear.",
"Treatment depends on what is found or ruled out by the tests.",
"Next page: Gastritis Did you find this information useful?",
"Further reading and references Related Information Indigestion Medication Non-ulcer Dyspepsia (Functional Dyspepsia)Stomach Pain (Helicobacter Pylori)Stomach Ulcer (Gastric Ulcer)Duodenal Ulcer View all When to worry about indigestion4 minutes reading time What would your stomach choose at the supermarket?5 minutes reading time Hi Everyone,In November I started an extremely anxious phase where I thought I had HIV, got tested with a PCR and Elissa test at 7 1/2 weeks post exposure and was negative, got tested again at 4 1/2... Mo786Join the discussion on the forums Health Tools Feeling unwell?",
"Assess your symptoms online with our free symptom checker.",
"Start symptom checker Article Information Last Checked 09 March 2018Next Review 08 March 2021Document ID 4868 (v44)Author Dr Colin Tidy Peer reviewer Dr John Cox The information on this page is written and peer reviewed by qualified clinicians.",
"Disclaimer: This article is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions.",
"Patient Platform Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but make no warranty as to its accuracy.",
"Consult a doctor or other health care professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions.",
"For details see our conditions."
] |
D1389056
|
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-seance.htm
|
What is a Seance?
|
"A seance is a type of ritual conducted to communicate with spirits. It is usually presided over by a medium, a ""sensitive"" person through whom the spirits are supposed to communicate. A typical seance is conducted by a small group of people, often sitting around a table. The word seance comes from the French for ""session"" or ""sitting."" The seance was at its most popular during the Spiritualist movement of the 19th and early 20th centuries, during which many of the current aspects of the ritual were developed. A seance is usually conducted in the dark, and the participants may join hands in a circle. The medium may use a number of methods to attempt communication with the dead, such as channeling through a trance, automatic writing, writing with a planchette, or thoughtography. Items such as musical instruments may be provided in the hopes of inspiring poltergeist phenomena. The traditional methods of holding a seance are particularly amenable to fraud on the part of the medium. Both the darkness of the room and the barrier of the table keep participants from closely noting what exactly is going on. The medium may be able to use his or her feet to move the table or to create mysterious sounds, for example. He or she may stealthily free a hand from the circle to make phenomena appear, or blank film may be replaced with previously processed film in the dark. Many fraudulent mediums employed assistants to help them pull off tricks during a seance as well. In the mid-19th century, sisters Kate and Margaret Fox of Hydesville, New York ushered in the era of the seance. They claimed to be able to communicate with spirits using a system of taps; they would ask yes or no questions, and the spirits would answer by tapping once for yes and twice for no. The sisters became renowned mediums and inspired innumerable imitators. In 1888, the sisters were paid 1,500 US Dollars (USD) to admit publicly that their seances were a fraud. Margaret demonstrated that she could produce taps by cracking her big toe. A year later, Margaret recanted, but the damage to their reputation was already done. A great majority of the Spiritualist era mediums were caught committing fraud at some point in their career, and most people today consider seances nothing more than entertainment. Whether they are elaborate magic shows or manifestations of the supernatural, seances have continued to appeal to human imagination and curiosity, though on a declining scale, since their invention. Ad "
|
[
"\"A seance is a type of ritual conducted to communicate with spirits.",
"It is usually presided over by a medium, a \"\"sensitive\"\" person through whom the spirits are supposed to communicate.",
"A typical seance is conducted by a small group of people, often sitting around a table.",
"The word seance comes from the French for \"\"session\"\" or \"\"sitting.\"\"",
"The seance was at its most popular during the Spiritualist movement of the 19th and early 20th centuries, during which many of the current aspects of the ritual were developed.",
"A seance is usually conducted in the dark, and the participants may join hands in a circle.",
"The medium may use a number of methods to attempt communication with the dead, such as channeling through a trance, automatic writing, writing with a planchette, or thoughtography.",
"Items such as musical instruments may be provided in the hopes of inspiring poltergeist phenomena.",
"The traditional methods of holding a seance are particularly amenable to fraud on the part of the medium.",
"Both the darkness of the room and the barrier of the table keep participants from closely noting what exactly is going on.",
"The medium may be able to use his or her feet to move the table or to create mysterious sounds, for example.",
"He or she may stealthily free a hand from the circle to make phenomena appear, or blank film may be replaced with previously processed film in the dark.",
"Many fraudulent mediums employed assistants to help them pull off tricks during a seance as well.",
"In the mid-19th century, sisters Kate and Margaret Fox of Hydesville, New York ushered in the era of the seance.",
"They claimed to be able to communicate with spirits using a system of taps; they would ask yes or no questions, and the spirits would answer by tapping once for yes and twice for no.",
"The sisters became renowned mediums and inspired innumerable imitators.",
"In 1888, the sisters were paid 1,500 US Dollars (USD) to admit publicly that their seances were a fraud.",
"Margaret demonstrated that she could produce taps by cracking her big toe.",
"A year later, Margaret recanted, but the damage to their reputation was already done.",
"A great majority of the Spiritualist era mediums were caught committing fraud at some point in their career, and most people today consider seances nothing more than entertainment.",
"Whether they are elaborate magic shows or manifestations of the supernatural, seances have continued to appeal to human imagination and curiosity, though on a declining scale, since their invention.",
"Ad \""
] |
D493494
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https://www.cdc.gov/hai/ca_uti/uti.html
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Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI)
|
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving any part of the urinary system, including urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidney. UTIs are the most common type of healthcare-associated infection reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) . Among UTIs acquired in the hospital, approximately 75% are associated with a urinary catheter, which is a tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine. Between 15-25% of hospitalized patients receive urinary catheters during their hospital stay. The most important risk factor for developing a catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) is prolonged use of the urinary catheter. Therefore, catheters should only be used for appropriate indications and should be removed as soon as they are no longer needed. Resources for Patients Frequently Asked Questions about CAUTIs Guideline CDC, in collaboration with other organizations, has developed guidelines for the prevention of Catheter-associated UTIs and other types of healthcare-associated infections. Guideline for Prevention of Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections 2009Prevention Facilities can monitor the rates of Catheter-associated UTIs and assess the effectiveness of prevention efforts through CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Targeted Assessment for Prevention (TAP) Strategy TAP CAUTI Implementation Guide Strategies to Prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update
|
[
"A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving any part of the urinary system, including urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidney.",
"UTIs are the most common type of healthcare-associated infection reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) .",
"Among UTIs acquired in the hospital, approximately 75% are associated with a urinary catheter, which is a tube inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine.",
"Between 15-25% of hospitalized patients receive urinary catheters during their hospital stay.",
"The most important risk factor for developing a catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) is prolonged use of the urinary catheter.",
"Therefore, catheters should only be used for appropriate indications and should be removed as soon as they are no longer needed.",
"Resources for Patients Frequently Asked Questions about CAUTIs Guideline CDC, in collaboration with other organizations, has developed guidelines for the prevention of Catheter-associated UTIs and other types of healthcare-associated infections.",
"Guideline for Prevention of Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infections 2009Prevention Facilities can monitor the rates of Catheter-associated UTIs and assess the effectiveness of prevention efforts through CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).",
"Targeted Assessment for Prevention (TAP) Strategy TAP CAUTI Implementation Guide Strategies to Prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update"
] |
D630752
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spliceosome
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Spliceosome
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"Spliceosome From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A spliceosome is a large and complex molecular machine found primarily within the splicing speckles of the cell nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The spliceosome is assembled from sn RNAs and SR protein. The spliceosome removes introns from a transcribed pre-m RNA, a type of primary transcript. This process is generally referred to as splicing. [1] Only eukaryotes have spliceosomes and some organisms have a second spliceosome, the minor spliceosome. [2] An analogy is a film editor, who selectively cuts out irrelevant or incorrect material (equivalent to the introns) from the initial filming and sends the cleaned-up version to the producer for the final cut. Spliceosomal splicing cycle Contents [ hide ]1 Composition2 Alternative splicing3 RNA splicing4 Assembly5 References6 External links Composition [ edit]Each spliceosome is composed of five small nuclear RNAs (sn RNA) and a range of associated protein factors. When these small RNAs are combined with the protein factors, they make an RNA-protein complex called sn RNP ( s mall n uclear r ibo n ucleo p roteins). The sn RNAs that make up the major spliceosome are named U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6, and participate in several RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions. The RNA component of the small nuclear ribonucleic protein or sn RNP (pronounced ""snurp"") is rich in uridine (the nucleoside analog of the uracil nucleotide ). The canonical assembly of the spliceosome occurs anew on each hn RNA (pre-m RNA, h eterogeneous n uclear RNA). The hn RNA contains specific sequence elements that are recognized and utilized during spliceosome assembly. These include the 5' end splice, the branch point sequence, the polypyrimidine tract, and the 3' end splice site. The spliceosome catalyzes the removal of introns, and the ligation of the flanking exons. Introns typically have a GU nucleotide sequence at the 5' end splice site, and an AG at the 3' end splice site. The 3' splice site can be further defined by a variable length of polypyrimidines, called the polypyrimidine tract (PPT), which serves the dual function of recruiting factors to the 3' splice site and possibly recruiting factors to the branch point sequence (BPS). The BPS contains the conserved Adenosine required for the first step of splicing. A group of less abundant sn RNAs, U11, U12, U4atac, and U6atac, together with U5, are subunits of the so-called minor spliceosome that splices a rare class of pre-m RNA introns, denoted U12-type. The minor spliceosome is located in the nucleus like its major counterpart, [3] though there are exceptions in some specialised cells including anucleate platelets [4] and the dendroplasm ( dendrite cytoplasm) of neuronal cells. [5]New evidence derived from the first crystal structure of a group II intron suggests that the spliceosome is actually a ribozyme, and that it uses a two–metal ion mechanism for catalysis. [6] In addition, many proteins exhibit a zinc-binding motif, which underscores the importance of zinc metal in the splicing mechanism. [7] [8] [9] The first molecular-resolution reconstruction of U4/U6. U5 triple small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (tri-sn RNP) complex was reported in 2016. [10]Figure 1. Above are electron microscopy [11] fields of negatively stained yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) tri-sn RNPs. Below left is a schematic illustration of the interaction of tri-sn RNP proteins with the U4/U6 sn RNA duplex. Below right is a cartoon model of the yeast tri-sn RNP with shaded areas corresponding to U5 (gray), U4/U6 (orange) and the linker region (yellow). Cryo-EM has been applied extensively by Shi et al to elucidate the near-/atomic structure of spliceosome in both yeast [12] and human [13]. The molecular framework of spliceosome at near-atomic-resolution demonstrates Spp42 component of U5 sn RNP froms a central scaffold and anchors the catalytic center in yeast. The atomic structure of the human spliceosome illustrates the step II component Slu7 adopts an extended structure, poised for selection of the 3'-splice site. All five metals (assigned as Mg2+) in the yeast complex are preserved in the human complex. Alternative splicing [ edit]Main article: Alternative splicing Alternative splicing (the re-combination of different exons) is a major source of genetic diversity in eukaryotes. Splice variants have been used to account for the relatively small number of genes in the human genome. For years the estimate widely varied, with top estimates reaching 100,000 genes, [14] but now, due to the Human Genome Project, the figure is believed to be closer to 20,000 genes. One particular Drosophila gene ( Dscam, the Drosophila homolog of the human Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule DSCAM) can be alternatively spliced into 38,000 different m RNA. [15]RNA splicing [ edit]See also: Splicing (genetics)In 1977, work by the Sharp and Roberts labs revealed that genes of higher organisms are ""split"" or present in several distinct segments along the DNA molecule. [16] [17] The coding regions of the gene are separated by non-coding DNA that is not involved in protein expression. The split gene structure was found when adenoviral m RNAs were hybridized to endonuclease cleavage fragments of single stranded viral DNA. [16] It was observed that the m RNAs of the m RNA-DNA hybrids contained 5' and 3' tails of non-hydrogen bonded regions. When larger fragments of viral DNAs were used, forked structures of looped out DNA were observed when hybridized to the viral m RNAs. It was realized that the looped out regions, the introns, are excised from the precursor m RNAs in a process Sharp named ""splicing"". The split gene structure was subsequently found to be common to most eukaryotic genes. Phillip Sharp and Richard J. Roberts were awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of introns and the splicing process. Assembly [ edit]The model for formation of the spliceosome active site involves an ordered, stepwise assembly of discrete sn RNP particles on the hn RNA substrate. The first recognition of hn RNAs involves U1 sn RNP binding to the 5' end splice site of the hn RNA and other non-sn RNP associated factors to form the commitment complex, or early (E) complex in mammals. [18] [19] The commitment complex is an ATP-independent complex that commits the hn RNA to the splicing pathway. [20] U2 sn RNP is recruited to the branch region through interactions with the E complex component U2AF (U2 sn RNP auxiliary factor) and possibly U1 sn RNP. In an ATP-dependent reaction, U2 sn RNP becomes tightly associated with the branch point sequence (BPS) to form complex A. A duplex formed between U2 sn RNP and the hn RNA branch region bulges out the branch adenosine specifying it as the nucleophile for the first transesterification. [21]The presence of a pseudouridine residue in U2 sn RNA, nearly opposite of the branch site, results in an altered conformation of the RNA-RNA duplex upon the U2 sn RNP binding. Specifically, the altered structure of the duplex induced by the pseudouridine places the 2' OH of the bulged adenosine in a favorable position for the first step of splicing. [22] The U4/U5/U6 tri-sn RNP (see Figure 1) is recruited to the assembling spliceosome to form complex B, and following several rearrangements, complex C (the spliceosome) is activated for catalysis. [23] [24] It is unclear how the triple sn RNP is recruited to complex A, but this process may be mediated through protein-protein interactions and/or base pairing interactions between U2 sn RNA and U6 sn RNA. The U5 sn RNP interacts with sequences at the 5' and 3' splice sites via the invariant loop of U5 sn RNA [25] and U5 protein components interact with the 3' splice site region. [26]Upon recruitment of the triple sn RNP, several RNA-RNA rearrangements precede the first catalytic step and further rearrangements occur in the catalytically active spliceosome. Several of the RNA-RNA interactions are mutually exclusive; however, it is not known what triggers these interactions, nor the order of these rearrangements. The first rearrangement is probably the displacement of U1 sn RNP from the 5' splice site and formation of a U6 sn RNA interaction. It is known that U1 sn RNP is only weakly associated with fully formed spliceosomes, [27] and U1 sn RNP is inhibitory to the formation of a U6-5' splice site interaction on a model of substrate oligonucleotide containing a short 5' exon and 5' splice site. [28] Binding of U2 sn RNP to the branch point sequence (BPS) is one example of an RNA-RNA interaction displacing a protein-RNA interaction. Upon recruitment of U2 sn RNP, the branch binding protein SF1 in the commitment complex is displaced since the binding site of U2 sn RNA and SF1 are mutually exclusive events. Within the U2 sn RNA, there are other mutually exclusive rearrangements that occur between competing conformations. For example, in the active form, stem loop IIa is favored; in the inactive form a mutually exclusive interaction between the loop and a downstream sequence predominates. [24] It is unclear how U4 is displaced from U6 sn RNAm, although RNA has been implicated in spliceosome assembly, and may function to unwind U4/U6 and promote the formation of a U2/U6 sn RNA interaction. The interactions of U4/U6 stem loops I and II dissociate and the freed stem loop II region of U6 folds on itself to form an intramolecular stem loop and U4 is no longer required in further spliceosome assembly. The freed stem loop I region of U6 base pairs with U2 sn RNA forming the U2/U6 helix I. However, the helix I structure is mutually exclusive with the 3' half of an internal 5' stem loop region of U2 sn RNA. References [ edit]^ Will, Cindy L.; Reinhard Lührmann (2011-07-01). ""Spliceosome Structure and Function"". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 3 (7): a003707. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003707. Retrieved 2012-01-25.^ Patel, Abhijit A.; Joan A. Steitz (December 2003). ""Splicing double: insights from the second spliceosome"". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 4 (12): 960–970. doi: 10.1038/nrm1259. ISSN 1471-0072. PMID 14685174. Retrieved 2013-07-24.^ Pessa, HK; Will, CL; Meng, X; Schneider, C; Watkins, NJ; Perälä, N; Nymark, M; Turunen, JJ; Lührmann, R; Frilander, MJ (Jun 24, 2008). ""Minor spliceosome components are predominantly localized in the nucleus"". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (25): 8655–60. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0803646105. PMC 2438382. PMID 18559850.^ Denis MM, Tolley ND, Bunting M, Schwertz H, Jiang H, Lindemann S, Yost CC, Rubner FJ, Albertine KH, Swoboda KJ, Fratto CM, Tolley E, Kraiss LW, Mc Intyre TM, Zimmerman GA, Weyrich AS (2005). ""Escaping the nuclear confines: signal-dependent pre-m RNA splicing in anucleate platelets"". Cell. 122 (3): 379–91. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.015. PMC 4401993. PMID 16096058.^ Glanzer, J; Miyashiro, KY; Sul, JY; Barrett, L; Belt, B; Haydon, P; Eberwine, J (Nov 15, 2005). ""RNA splicing capability of live neuronal dendrites"". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (46): 16859–64. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0503783102. PMC 1277967. PMID 16275927.^ Toor N, Keating KS, Taylor SD, Pyle AM (2008). ""Crystal structure of a self-spliced group II intron"". Science. 320 (5872): 77–82. doi: 10.1126/science.1153803. PMID 18388288.^ Agafonov, DE; Deckert, J; Wolf, E; Odenwa'Ider, P; Bessonov, S; Will, CL; Urlaub, H; Lu'hrmann, R (2011). ""Semiquantitative proteomic analysis of the human spliceosome via a novel two-dimensional gel electrophoresis method"". Mol Cell Biol. 31: 2667–2682. doi: 10.1128/mcb.05266-11. PMC 3133382. PMID 21536652.^ Kuhn, AN; van Santen, MA; Schwienhorst, A; Urlaub, H; Lu'hrmann, R (2009). ""Stalling of spliceosome assembly at distinct stages by small molecule inhibitors of protein acetylation and deacetylation"". RNA. 15: 153–175. doi: 10.1261/rna.1332609. PMC 2612777. PMID 19029308.^ Patil, V.; Canzoneri, J.; Samatov, T.; Luhrmann, R.; Oyelere, A. K. (2012). ""Molecular architecture of zinc chelating small molecules that stall spliceosome assembly at distinct stages"". RNA. 18 (9): 1605–1611. doi: 10.1261/rna.034819.112.^ Cate, Jamie H. D. (2016-03-25). ""A Big Bang in spliceosome structural biology"". Science. 351 (6280): 1390–1392. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf4465. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 27013712.^ Häcker I, Sander B, Golas MM, Wolf E, Karagöz E, Kastner B, Stark H, Fabrizio P, Lührmann R (2008). ""Localization of Prp8, Brr2, Snu114 and U4/U6 proteins in the yeast tri-sn RNP by electron microscopy"". Nat Struct Mol Biol. 15 (11): 1206–12. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.1506. PMID 18953335.^ Yan, C.-Y; Hang, J; Wan R.-X; Huang, M; Wong, C. C. L.; Shi, Y.-G. (Aug 2015). ""Structure of a yeast spliceosome at 3.6-angstrom resolution"". Science. 349 (6235): 1182–1191. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7629.^ Zhang, X; Yan, C; Hang, J; Finci, L. I; Lei, J; Shi, Y. (May 2017). ""An Atomic Structure of the Human Spliceosome"". Cell. 169: 918–929. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.033.^ Smaglik, P. (2000). ""Researchers take a gamble on the human genome"". Nature. 405 (6784): 264. doi: 10.1038/35012771. PMID 10830930.^ Schmucker, D.; Clemens, J. C.; Shu, H.; Worby, C. A.; Xiao, J.; Muda, M.; Dixon, J. E.; Zipursky, S. L. (2000). ""Drosophila Dscam Is an Axon Guidance Receptor Exhibiting Extraordinary Molecular Diversity"". Cell. 101 (6): 671–684. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674 (00)80878-8. PMID 10892653.^ a b Berget SM, Moore C, Sharp PA (1977). ""Spliced segments at the 5' terminus of adenovirus 2 late m RNA"". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 74 (8): 3171–5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.8.3171. PMC 431482. PMID 269380.^ Chow, L. T.; Roberts, J. M.; Lewis, J. B.; Broker, T. R. (1977). ""A map of cytoplasmic RNA transcripts from lytic adenovirus type 2, determined by electron microscopy of RNA: DNA hybrids"". Cell. 11 (4): 819–836. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674 (77)90294-X. PMID 890740.^ Jamison SF, Crow A, Garcia-Blanco MA (October 1, 1992). ""The spliceosome assembly pathway in mammalian extracts"". Molecular and Cell Biology. 12 (10): 4279–87. PMC 360351. PMID 1383687.^ Seraphin B. & Rosbash M. (1989). ""Identification of functional U1 sn RNA pre-messenger RNA complexes committed to spliceosome assembly and splicing"". Cell. 59 (2): 349–58. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674 (89)90296-1. PMID 2529976.^ Legrain P, Seraphin B, Rosbash M (September 1, 1988). ""Early commitment of yeast pre-m RNA to the spliceosome pathway"". Mol. Cell. Biol. 8 (9): 3755–60. PMC 365433. PMID 3065622.^ Query CC, Moore MJ, Sharp PA (1994). ""Branch nucleophile selection in pre-m RNA splicing: evidence for the bulged duplex model"". Genes Dev. 8 (5): 587–97. doi: 10.1101/gad.8.5.587. PMID 7926752.^ Newby M. I. & Greenbaum, N. L. (2002). ""Sculpting of the spliceosomal branch site recognition motif by a conserved pseudouridine"". Nature Structural Biology. 9 (12): 958–65. doi: 10.1038/nsb873. PMID 12426583.^ Burge, C. B.; et al. (1999). ""Splicing precursors to m RNAs by the spliceosomes"". In Gesteland, R. F.; Cech, T. R.; Atkins, J. F. The RNA World. Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press. pp. 525–60. ISBN 0-87969-380-0.^ a b Staley JP, Guthrie C (1998). ""Mechanical devices of the spliceosome: motors, clocks, springs, and things"". Cell. 92 (3): 315–26. doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674 (00)80925-3. PMID 9476892.^ Newman AJ, Teigelkamp S, Beggs JD (1995). ""sn RNA interactions at 5' and 3' splice sites monitored by photoactivated crosslinking in yeast spliceosomes"". RNA. 1 (9): 968–80. PMC 1369345. PMID 8548661.^ Chiara MD, Palandjian L, Feld Kramer R, Reed R (1997). ""Evidence that U5 sn RNP recognizes the 3' splice site for catalytic step II in mammals"". EMBO J. 16 (15): 4746–59. doi: 10.1093/emboj/16.15.4746. PMC 1170101. PMID 9303319.^ Moore, M. J. & Sharp, P. A. (1993). ""Evidence for two active sites in the spliceosome provided by stereochemistry of pre-m RNA splicing"". Nature. 365 (6444): 364–8. doi: 10.1038/365364a0. PMID 8397340.^ Konforti BB, Koziolkiewicz MJ, Konarska MM (1993). ""Disruption of base pairing between the 5' splice site and the 5' end of U1 sn RNA is required for spliceosome assembly"". Cell. 75 (5): 863–73. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674 (93)90531-T. PMID 8252623. External links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spliceosomes. Butcher, Samuel E. (2011). ""Chapter 8. The Spliceosome and Its Metal Ions"". In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel. Structural and catalytic roles of metal ions in RNA. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. 9. RSC Publishing. pp. 235–51. doi: 10.1039/9781849732512-00235. Nilsen T (2003). ""The spliceosome: the most complex macromolecular machine in the cell?"". Bio Essays. 25 (12): 1147–9. doi: 10.1002/bies.10394. PMID 14635248. Spliceosomes at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (Me SH)3D macromolecular structures of Spliceosomes from the EM Data Bank (EMDB) [ hide]v t e Post-transcriptional modification Nuclear Precursor m RNA 5′ cap formation Polyadenylation CPSF Cst F PAP PAB2 CFI CFIIPoly (A)-binding protein RNA editing Polyuridylation RNA splicing Intron / Exon sn RNP Spliceosomeminor U1Alternative splicingpre-m RNA factors PLRG1PRPF3 PRPF4 PRPF4B PRPF6 PRPF8 PRPF18 PRPF19 PRPF31PRPF38A PRPF38B PRPF39 PRPF40A PRPF40BCytosolic5′ cap methylation m RNA decapping DCP1A DCP1B DCP2 DCPS EDC3 EDC4Categories: Organelles Gene expression Protein complexes Spliceosome RNA splicing "
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[
"\"Spliceosome From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedianavigation search A spliceosome is a large and complex molecular machine found primarily within the splicing speckles of the cell nucleus of eukaryotic cells.",
"The spliceosome is assembled from sn RNAs and SR protein.",
"The spliceosome removes introns from a transcribed pre-m RNA, a type of primary transcript.",
"This process is generally referred to as splicing.",
"[1] Only eukaryotes have spliceosomes and some organisms have a second spliceosome, the minor spliceosome.",
"[2] An analogy is a film editor, who selectively cuts out irrelevant or incorrect material (equivalent to the introns) from the initial filming and sends the cleaned-up version to the producer for the final cut.",
"Spliceosomal splicing cycle Contents [ hide ]1 Composition2 Alternative splicing3 RNA splicing4 Assembly5 References6 External links Composition [ edit]Each spliceosome is composed of five small nuclear RNAs (sn RNA) and a range of associated protein factors.",
"When these small RNAs are combined with the protein factors, they make an RNA-protein complex called sn RNP ( s mall n uclear r ibo n ucleo p roteins).",
"The sn RNAs that make up the major spliceosome are named U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6, and participate in several RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions.",
"The RNA component of the small nuclear ribonucleic protein or sn RNP (pronounced \"\"snurp\"\") is rich in uridine (the nucleoside analog of the uracil nucleotide ).",
"The canonical assembly of the spliceosome occurs anew on each hn RNA (pre-m RNA, h eterogeneous n uclear RNA).",
"The hn RNA contains specific sequence elements that are recognized and utilized during spliceosome assembly.",
"These include the 5' end splice, the branch point sequence, the polypyrimidine tract, and the 3' end splice site.",
"The spliceosome catalyzes the removal of introns, and the ligation of the flanking exons.",
"Introns typically have a GU nucleotide sequence at the 5' end splice site, and an AG at the 3' end splice site.",
"The 3' splice site can be further defined by a variable length of polypyrimidines, called the polypyrimidine tract (PPT), which serves the dual function of recruiting factors to the 3' splice site and possibly recruiting factors to the branch point sequence (BPS).",
"The BPS contains the conserved Adenosine required for the first step of splicing.",
"A group of less abundant sn RNAs, U11, U12, U4atac, and U6atac, together with U5, are subunits of the so-called minor spliceosome that splices a rare class of pre-m RNA introns, denoted U12-type.",
"The minor spliceosome is located in the nucleus like its major counterpart, [3] though there are exceptions in some specialised cells including anucleate platelets [4] and the dendroplasm ( dendrite cytoplasm) of neuronal cells.",
"[5]New evidence derived from the first crystal structure of a group II intron suggests that the spliceosome is actually a ribozyme, and that it uses a two–metal ion mechanism for catalysis.",
"[6] In addition, many proteins exhibit a zinc-binding motif, which underscores the importance of zinc metal in the splicing mechanism.",
"[7] [8] [9] The first molecular-resolution reconstruction of U4/U6.",
"U5 triple small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (tri-sn RNP) complex was reported in 2016.",
"[10]Figure 1.",
"Above are electron microscopy [11] fields of negatively stained yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) tri-sn RNPs.",
"Below left is a schematic illustration of the interaction of tri-sn RNP proteins with the U4/U6 sn RNA duplex.",
"Below right is a cartoon model of the yeast tri-sn RNP with shaded areas corresponding to U5 (gray), U4/U6 (orange) and the linker region (yellow).",
"Cryo-EM has been applied extensively by Shi et al to elucidate the near-/atomic structure of spliceosome in both yeast [12] and human [13].",
"The molecular framework of spliceosome at near-atomic-resolution demonstrates Spp42 component of U5 sn RNP froms a central scaffold and anchors the catalytic center in yeast.",
"The atomic structure of the human spliceosome illustrates the step II component Slu7 adopts an extended structure, poised for selection of the 3'-splice site.",
"All five metals (assigned as Mg2+) in the yeast complex are preserved in the human complex.",
"Alternative splicing [ edit]Main article: Alternative splicing Alternative splicing (the re-combination of different exons) is a major source of genetic diversity in eukaryotes.",
"Splice variants have been used to account for the relatively small number of genes in the human genome.",
"For years the estimate widely varied, with top estimates reaching 100,000 genes, [14] but now, due to the Human Genome Project, the figure is believed to be closer to 20,000 genes.",
"One particular Drosophila gene ( Dscam, the Drosophila homolog of the human Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule DSCAM) can be alternatively spliced into 38,000 different m RNA.",
"[15]RNA splicing [ edit]See also: Splicing (genetics)In 1977, work by the Sharp and Roberts labs revealed that genes of higher organisms are \"\"split\"\" or present in several distinct segments along the DNA molecule.",
"[16] [17] The coding regions of the gene are separated by non-coding DNA that is not involved in protein expression.",
"The split gene structure was found when adenoviral m RNAs were hybridized to endonuclease cleavage fragments of single stranded viral DNA.",
"[16] It was observed that the m RNAs of the m RNA-DNA hybrids contained 5' and 3' tails of non-hydrogen bonded regions.",
"When larger fragments of viral DNAs were used, forked structures of looped out DNA were observed when hybridized to the viral m RNAs.",
"It was realized that the looped out regions, the introns, are excised from the precursor m RNAs in a process Sharp named \"\"splicing\"\".",
"The split gene structure was subsequently found to be common to most eukaryotic genes.",
"Phillip Sharp and Richard J. Roberts were awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of introns and the splicing process.",
"Assembly [ edit]The model for formation of the spliceosome active site involves an ordered, stepwise assembly of discrete sn RNP particles on the hn RNA substrate.",
"The first recognition of hn RNAs involves U1 sn RNP binding to the 5' end splice site of the hn RNA and other non-sn RNP associated factors to form the commitment complex, or early (E) complex in mammals.",
"[18] [19] The commitment complex is an ATP-independent complex that commits the hn RNA to the splicing pathway.",
"[20] U2 sn RNP is recruited to the branch region through interactions with the E complex component U2AF (U2 sn RNP auxiliary factor) and possibly U1 sn RNP.",
"In an ATP-dependent reaction, U2 sn RNP becomes tightly associated with the branch point sequence (BPS) to form complex A.",
"A duplex formed between U2 sn RNP and the hn RNA branch region bulges out the branch adenosine specifying it as the nucleophile for the first transesterification.",
"[21]The presence of a pseudouridine residue in U2 sn RNA, nearly opposite of the branch site, results in an altered conformation of the RNA-RNA duplex upon the U2 sn RNP binding.",
"Specifically, the altered structure of the duplex induced by the pseudouridine places the 2' OH of the bulged adenosine in a favorable position for the first step of splicing.",
"[22] The U4/U5/U6 tri-sn RNP (see Figure 1) is recruited to the assembling spliceosome to form complex B, and following several rearrangements, complex C (the spliceosome) is activated for catalysis.",
"[23] [24] It is unclear how the triple sn RNP is recruited to complex A, but this process may be mediated through protein-protein interactions and/or base pairing interactions between U2 sn RNA and U6 sn RNA.",
"The U5 sn RNP interacts with sequences at the 5' and 3' splice sites via the invariant loop of U5 sn RNA [25] and U5 protein components interact with the 3' splice site region.",
"[26]Upon recruitment of the triple sn RNP, several RNA-RNA rearrangements precede the first catalytic step and further rearrangements occur in the catalytically active spliceosome.",
"Several of the RNA-RNA interactions are mutually exclusive; however, it is not known what triggers these interactions, nor the order of these rearrangements.",
"The first rearrangement is probably the displacement of U1 sn RNP from the 5' splice site and formation of a U6 sn RNA interaction.",
"It is known that U1 sn RNP is only weakly associated with fully formed spliceosomes, [27] and U1 sn RNP is inhibitory to the formation of a U6-5' splice site interaction on a model of substrate oligonucleotide containing a short 5' exon and 5' splice site.",
"[28] Binding of U2 sn RNP to the branch point sequence (BPS) is one example of an RNA-RNA interaction displacing a protein-RNA interaction.",
"Upon recruitment of U2 sn RNP, the branch binding protein SF1 in the commitment complex is displaced since the binding site of U2 sn RNA and SF1 are mutually exclusive events.",
"Within the U2 sn RNA, there are other mutually exclusive rearrangements that occur between competing conformations.",
"For example, in the active form, stem loop IIa is favored; in the inactive form a mutually exclusive interaction between the loop and a downstream sequence predominates.",
"[24] It is unclear how U4 is displaced from U6 sn RNAm, although RNA has been implicated in spliceosome assembly, and may function to unwind U4/U6 and promote the formation of a U2/U6 sn RNA interaction.",
"The interactions of U4/U6 stem loops I and II dissociate and the freed stem loop II region of U6 folds on itself to form an intramolecular stem loop and U4 is no longer required in further spliceosome assembly.",
"The freed stem loop I region of U6 base pairs with U2 sn RNA forming the U2/U6 helix I.",
"However, the helix I structure is mutually exclusive with the 3' half of an internal 5' stem loop region of U2 sn RNA.",
"References [ edit]^ Will, Cindy L.; Reinhard Lührmann (2011-07-01).",
"\"\"Spliceosome Structure and Function\"\".",
"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology.",
"3 (7): a003707.",
"doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003707.",
"Retrieved 2012-01-25.^ Patel, Abhijit A.; Joan A. Steitz (December 2003).",
"\"\"Splicing double: insights from the second spliceosome\"\".",
"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.",
"4 (12): 960–970.",
"doi: 10.1038/nrm1259.",
"ISSN 1471-0072.",
"PMID 14685174.",
"Retrieved 2013-07-24.^ Pessa, HK; Will, CL; Meng, X; Schneider, C; Watkins, NJ; Perälä, N; Nymark, M; Turunen, JJ; Lührmann, R; Frilander, MJ (Jun 24, 2008).",
"\"\"Minor spliceosome components are predominantly localized in the nucleus\"\".",
"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.",
"105 (25): 8655–60.",
"doi: 10.1073/pnas.0803646105.",
"PMC 2438382.",
"PMID 18559850.^ Denis MM, Tolley ND, Bunting M, Schwertz H, Jiang H, Lindemann S, Yost CC, Rubner FJ, Albertine KH, Swoboda KJ, Fratto CM, Tolley E, Kraiss LW, Mc Intyre TM, Zimmerman GA, Weyrich AS (2005).",
"\"\"Escaping the nuclear confines: signal-dependent pre-m RNA splicing in anucleate platelets\"\".",
"Cell.",
"122 (3): 379–91.",
"doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.015.",
"PMC 4401993.",
"PMID 16096058.^ Glanzer, J; Miyashiro, KY; Sul, JY; Barrett, L; Belt, B; Haydon, P; Eberwine, J (Nov 15, 2005).",
"\"\"RNA splicing capability of live neuronal dendrites\"\".",
"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.",
"102 (46): 16859–64.",
"doi: 10.1073/pnas.0503783102.",
"PMC 1277967.",
"PMID 16275927.^ Toor N, Keating KS, Taylor SD, Pyle AM (2008).",
"\"\"Crystal structure of a self-spliced group II intron\"\".",
"Science.",
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"doi: 10.1126/science.1153803.",
"PMID 18388288.^ Agafonov, DE; Deckert, J; Wolf, E; Odenwa'Ider, P; Bessonov, S; Will, CL; Urlaub, H; Lu'hrmann, R (2011).",
"\"\"Semiquantitative proteomic analysis of the human spliceosome via a novel two-dimensional gel electrophoresis method\"\".",
"Mol Cell Biol.",
"31: 2667–2682.",
"doi: 10.1128/mcb.05266-11.",
"PMC 3133382.",
"PMID 21536652.^ Kuhn, AN; van Santen, MA; Schwienhorst, A; Urlaub, H; Lu'hrmann, R (2009).",
"\"\"Stalling of spliceosome assembly at distinct stages by small molecule inhibitors of protein acetylation and deacetylation\"\".",
"RNA.",
"15: 153–175.",
"doi: 10.1261/rna.1332609.",
"PMC 2612777.",
"PMID 19029308.^ Patil, V.; Canzoneri, J.; Samatov, T.; Luhrmann, R.; Oyelere, A. K. (2012).",
"\"\"Molecular architecture of zinc chelating small molecules that stall spliceosome assembly at distinct stages\"\".",
"RNA.",
"18 (9): 1605–1611.",
"doi: 10.1261/rna.034819.112.^ Cate, Jamie H. D. (2016-03-25).",
"\"\"A Big Bang in spliceosome structural biology\"\".",
"Science.",
"351 (6280): 1390–1392.",
"doi: 10.1126/science.aaf4465.",
"ISSN 0036-8075.",
"PMID 27013712.^ Häcker I, Sander B, Golas MM, Wolf E, Karagöz E, Kastner B, Stark H, Fabrizio P, Lührmann R (2008).",
"\"\"Localization of Prp8, Brr2, Snu114 and U4/U6 proteins in the yeast tri-sn RNP by electron microscopy\"\".",
"Nat Struct Mol Biol.",
"15 (11): 1206–12.",
"doi: 10.1038/nsmb.1506.",
"PMID 18953335.^ Yan, C.-Y; Hang, J; Wan R.-X; Huang, M; Wong, C. C. L.; Shi, Y.-G. (Aug 2015).",
"\"\"Structure of a yeast spliceosome at 3.6-angstrom resolution\"\".",
"Science.",
"349 (6235): 1182–1191.",
"doi: 10.1126/science.aac7629.^ Zhang, X; Yan, C; Hang, J; Finci, L. I; Lei, J; Shi, Y.",
"(May 2017).",
"\"\"An Atomic Structure of the Human Spliceosome\"\".",
"Cell.",
"169: 918–929.",
"doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.033.^ Smaglik, P. (2000).",
"\"\"Researchers take a gamble on the human genome\"\".",
"Nature.",
"405 (6784): 264. doi: 10.1038/35012771.",
"PMID 10830930.^ Schmucker, D.; Clemens, J. C.; Shu, H.; Worby, C. A.; Xiao, J.; Muda, M.; Dixon, J. E.; Zipursky, S. L. (2000).",
"\"\"Drosophila Dscam Is an Axon Guidance Receptor Exhibiting Extraordinary Molecular Diversity\"\".",
"Cell.",
"101 (6): 671–684.",
"doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674 (00)80878-8.",
"PMID 10892653.^ a b Berget SM, Moore C, Sharp PA (1977).",
"\"\"Spliced segments at the 5' terminus of adenovirus 2 late m RNA\"\".",
"Proc.",
"Natl.",
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"USA.",
"74 (8): 3171–5.",
"doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.8.3171.",
"PMC 431482.",
"PMID 269380.^ Chow, L. T.; Roberts, J. M.; Lewis, J.",
"B.; Broker, T. R. (1977).",
"\"\"A map of cytoplasmic RNA transcripts from lytic adenovirus type 2, determined by electron microscopy of RNA: DNA hybrids\"\".",
"Cell.",
"11 (4): 819–836.",
"doi: 10.1016/0092-8674 (77)90294-X.",
"PMID 890740.^ Jamison SF, Crow A, Garcia-Blanco MA (October 1, 1992).",
"\"\"The spliceosome assembly pathway in mammalian extracts\"\".",
"Molecular and Cell Biology.",
"12 (10): 4279–87.",
"PMC 360351.",
"PMID 1383687.^ Seraphin B.",
"& Rosbash M. (1989).",
"\"\"Identification of functional U1 sn RNA pre-messenger RNA complexes committed to spliceosome assembly and splicing\"\".",
"Cell.",
"59 (2): 349–58.",
"doi: 10.1016/0092-8674 (89)90296-1.",
"PMID 2529976.^ Legrain P, Seraphin B, Rosbash M (September 1, 1988).",
"\"\"Early commitment of yeast pre-m RNA to the spliceosome pathway\"\".",
"Mol.",
"Cell.",
"Biol.",
"8 (9): 3755–60.",
"PMC 365433.",
"PMID 3065622.^ Query CC, Moore MJ, Sharp PA (1994).",
"\"\"Branch nucleophile selection in pre-m RNA splicing: evidence for the bulged duplex model\"\".",
"Genes Dev.",
"8 (5): 587–97.",
"doi: 10.1101/gad.8.5.587.",
"PMID 7926752.^ Newby M. I.",
"& Greenbaum, N. L. (2002).",
"\"\"Sculpting of the spliceosomal branch site recognition motif by a conserved pseudouridine\"\".",
"Nature Structural Biology.",
"9 (12): 958–65.",
"doi: 10.1038/nsb873.",
"PMID 12426583.^ Burge, C. B.; et al.",
"(1999).",
"\"\"Splicing precursors to m RNAs by the spliceosomes\"\".",
"In Gesteland, R. F.; Cech, T. R.; Atkins, J. F. The RNA World.",
"Cold Spring Harbor Lab.",
"Press.",
"pp.",
"525–60.",
"ISBN 0-87969-380-0.^ a b Staley JP, Guthrie C (1998).",
"\"\"Mechanical devices of the spliceosome: motors, clocks, springs, and things\"\".",
"Cell.",
"92 (3): 315–26.",
"doi: 10.1016/S0092-8674 (00)80925-3.",
"PMID 9476892.^ Newman AJ, Teigelkamp S, Beggs JD (1995).",
"\"\"sn RNA interactions at 5' and 3' splice sites monitored by photoactivated crosslinking in yeast spliceosomes\"\".",
"RNA.",
"1 (9): 968–80.",
"PMC 1369345.",
"PMID 8548661.^ Chiara MD, Palandjian L, Feld Kramer R, Reed R (1997).",
"\"\"Evidence that U5 sn RNP recognizes the 3' splice site for catalytic step II in mammals\"\".",
"EMBO J.",
"16 (15): 4746–59.",
"doi: 10.1093/emboj/16.15.4746.",
"PMC 1170101.",
"PMID 9303319.^ Moore, M. J.",
"& Sharp, P. A.",
"(1993).",
"\"\"Evidence for two active sites in the spliceosome provided by stereochemistry of pre-m RNA splicing\"\".",
"Nature.",
"365 (6444): 364–8.",
"doi: 10.1038/365364a0.",
"PMID 8397340.^ Konforti BB, Koziolkiewicz MJ, Konarska MM (1993).",
"\"\"Disruption of base pairing between the 5' splice site and the 5' end of U1 sn RNA is required for spliceosome assembly\"\".",
"Cell.",
"75 (5): 863–73.",
"doi: 10.1016/0092-8674 (93)90531-T. PMID 8252623.",
"External links [ edit]Wikimedia Commons has media related to Spliceosomes.",
"Butcher, Samuel E. (2011).",
"\"\"Chapter 8.",
"The Spliceosome and Its Metal Ions\"\".",
"In Astrid Sigel; Helmut Sigel; Roland K. O. Sigel.",
"Structural and catalytic roles of metal ions in RNA.",
"Metal Ions in Life Sciences.",
"9.",
"RSC Publishing.",
"pp.",
"235–51.",
"doi: 10.1039/9781849732512-00235.",
"Nilsen T (2003).",
"\"\"The spliceosome: the most complex macromolecular machine in the cell?\"\".",
"Bio Essays.",
"25 (12): 1147–9.",
"doi: 10.1002/bies.10394.",
"PMID 14635248.",
"Spliceosomes at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (Me SH)3D macromolecular structures of Spliceosomes from the EM Data Bank (EMDB) [ hide]v t e Post-transcriptional modification Nuclear Precursor m RNA 5′ cap formation Polyadenylation CPSF Cst F PAP PAB2 CFI CFIIPoly (A)-binding protein RNA editing Polyuridylation RNA splicing Intron / Exon sn RNP Spliceosomeminor U1Alternative splicingpre-m RNA factors PLRG1PRPF3 PRPF4 PRPF4B PRPF6 PRPF8 PRPF18 PRPF19 PRPF31PRPF38A PRPF38B PRPF39 PRPF40A PRPF40BCytosolic5′ cap methylation m RNA decapping DCP1A DCP1B DCP2 DCPS EDC3 EDC4Categories: Organelles Gene expression Protein complexes Spliceosome RNA splicing \""
] |
D1970280
|
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/16/new-york-observer-endorses-mitt-romney_n_1972163.html
|
New York Observer, Owned By Trump Son-In-Law, Endorses Mitt Romney
|
POLITICS 10/16/2012 09:03 pm ET Updated Oct 17, 2012New York Observer, Owned By Trump Son-In-Law, Endorses Mitt Romney By Michael Calderone The New York Observer, an influential weekly newspaper covering Manhattan media, politics, real estate, and culture, endorsed Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney in an editorial published online Tuesday night. The Observer is owned by real estate scion Jared Kushner, who married Ivanka Trump in 2009, making enthusiastic Romney supporter Donald Trump his father-in-law. In the editorial, the Observer describes Romney as “a moderate to his core—he is a manager, and a listener, who believes he can restore the balance between the private and public sectors that has been a hallmark of the American economy.”The Observer backed Obama in 2008, but editors wrote Tuesday that “his presidency, so filled with promise and potential, has failed to deliver the change America needs.” In addition, editors charged Obama with promoting “class warfare” and treating “Jerusalem as less a friend than a burden.”Given that the feisty Observer is hardly a conservative paper — this reporter can attest having spent a few years there -– the endorsement may come as a surprise. But it’s not the first time the salmon-colored paper has backed a Republican for president. Under previous owner Arthur Carter, the Observer backed Bob Dole in 1996 as a vote for “character over sleaze.”Do you have information you want to share with Huff Post? Here’s how. BEFORE YOU GOPHOTO GALLERYObama, Romney Get Intense At 2nd Debate Michael Calderone Senior Media Reporter, The Huffington Post Suggest a correction MORE: The Backstory New York Observer Mitt Romney 2012 Election Mitt Romney 2012 New York Observer
|
[
"POLITICS 10/16/2012 09:03 pm ET Updated Oct 17, 2012New York Observer, Owned By Trump Son-In-Law, Endorses Mitt Romney By Michael Calderone The New York Observer, an influential weekly newspaper covering Manhattan media, politics, real estate, and culture, endorsed Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney in an editorial published online Tuesday night.",
"The Observer is owned by real estate scion Jared Kushner, who married Ivanka Trump in 2009, making enthusiastic Romney supporter Donald Trump his father-in-law.",
"In the editorial, the Observer describes Romney as “a moderate to his core—he is a manager, and a listener, who believes he can restore the balance between the private and public sectors that has been a hallmark of the American economy.”The Observer backed Obama in 2008, but editors wrote Tuesday that “his presidency, so filled with promise and potential, has failed to deliver the change America needs.” In addition, editors charged Obama with promoting “class warfare” and treating “Jerusalem as less a friend than a burden.”Given that the feisty Observer is hardly a conservative paper — this reporter can attest having spent a few years there -– the endorsement may come as a surprise.",
"But it’s not the first time the salmon-colored paper has backed a Republican for president.",
"Under previous owner Arthur Carter, the Observer backed Bob Dole in 1996 as a vote for “character over sleaze.”Do you have information you want to share with Huff Post?",
"Here’s how.",
"BEFORE YOU GOPHOTO GALLERYObama, Romney Get Intense At 2nd Debate Michael Calderone Senior Media Reporter, The Huffington Post Suggest a correction MORE: The Backstory New York Observer Mitt Romney 2012 Election Mitt Romney 2012 New York Observer"
] |
D1678161
|
http://www.livius.org/articles/person/herodotus/
|
Herodotus
|
Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian. In The Histories, he describes the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire under its kings Cyrus the Great (r.559-530), Cambyses (r.539-522), and Darius I the Great (r.522-486), culminating in Xerxes ' expedition to Greece (480 BCE), which met with disaster in the naval engagement at Salamis and the battles at Plataea and Mycale. Herodotus' book also contains ethnographic descriptions of the peoples that the Persians have conquered, fairy tales, gossip, and legends. Introduction Life Originality Causality Sources Ethnographer Moralist The Histories Introduction Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus hereby publishes the results of his inquiries, hoping to do two things: to preserve the memory of the past by putting on record the astonishing achievements both of the Greek and the non-Greek peoples; and more particularly, to show how the two races came into conflict. These are the confident opening lines of Herodotus' Histories, and the Greeks who heard them must have been surprised. Preserving the memory of the past by putting on record certain astonishing achievements was not unusual, but the bards who had been singing legendary tales had been less pretentious. Even the great poet Homer had started his Iliad in a more modest way: Sing, goddess, the wrath of Peleus' son Achilles, that brought endless harm upon the Greeks. Many brave men did it send down to the Underworld, and many heroes did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures. In this way, the counsels of Zeus were fulfilled, from the day on which Agamemnon -king of men- and great Achilles first fell out with one another. And which of the gods was it that set them on to quarrel? The similarity between these two prologues is obvious: we are about to hear a tale about a terrible conflict and the speaker wants us to understand how the two sides came into conflict. The difference is striking, too: Homer invites a goddess to relate the story; Herodotus does not need divine aid. Who was this man, who so proudly gave his personal opinion about the past? This page was created in 1996; last modified on 17 March 2018. Introduction Life Originality Causality Sources Ethnographer Moralist The Histories Home » Articles » Person » Herodotus
|
[
"Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian.",
"In The Histories, he describes the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire under its kings Cyrus the Great (r.559-530), Cambyses (r.539-522), and Darius I the Great (r.522-486), culminating in Xerxes ' expedition to Greece (480 BCE), which met with disaster in the naval engagement at Salamis and the battles at Plataea and Mycale.",
"Herodotus' book also contains ethnographic descriptions of the peoples that the Persians have conquered, fairy tales, gossip, and legends.",
"Introduction Life Originality Causality Sources Ethnographer Moralist The Histories Introduction Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus hereby publishes the results of his inquiries, hoping to do two things: to preserve the memory of the past by putting on record the astonishing achievements both of the Greek and the non-Greek peoples; and more particularly, to show how the two races came into conflict.",
"These are the confident opening lines of Herodotus' Histories, and the Greeks who heard them must have been surprised.",
"Preserving the memory of the past by putting on record certain astonishing achievements was not unusual, but the bards who had been singing legendary tales had been less pretentious.",
"Even the great poet Homer had started his Iliad in a more modest way: Sing, goddess, the wrath of Peleus' son Achilles, that brought endless harm upon the Greeks.",
"Many brave men did it send down to the Underworld, and many heroes did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures.",
"In this way, the counsels of Zeus were fulfilled, from the day on which Agamemnon -king of men- and great Achilles first fell out with one another.",
"And which of the gods was it that set them on to quarrel?",
"The similarity between these two prologues is obvious: we are about to hear a tale about a terrible conflict and the speaker wants us to understand how the two sides came into conflict.",
"The difference is striking, too: Homer invites a goddess to relate the story; Herodotus does not need divine aid.",
"Who was this man, who so proudly gave his personal opinion about the past?",
"This page was created in 1996; last modified on 17 March 2018.",
"Introduction Life Originality Causality Sources Ethnographer Moralist The Histories Home » Articles » Person » Herodotus"
] |
D629857
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Township,_Macomb_County,_Michigan
|
Richmond Township, Macomb County, Michigan
|
"For other townships with this name in Michigan, see Richmond Township, Michigan (disambiguation). Richmond Township, Michigan Township Richmond Township, Michigan Location within the state of Michigan Coordinates: 42°51′10″N 82°47′51″WCoordinates: 42°51′10″N 82°47′51″WCountry United States State Michigan County Macomb Area• Total 37.3 sq mi (96.5 km 2)• Land 37.3 sq mi (96.5 km 2)• Water 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km 2)Elevation 761 ft (232 m)Population ( 2000)• Total 3,416• Density 91.7/sq mi (35.4/km 2)Time zone Eastern (EST) ( UTC-5)• Summer ( DST) EDT ( UTC-4)ZIP code 48062Area code (s) 586, 810FIPS code 26-68400 [1]GNIS feature ID 1626976 [2]Richmond Township is a civil township of Macomb County, Michigan, United States. At the 2000 census, the township population was 3,416. The 2008 Census Bureau Estimate places the population at 3,784. A portion of the City of Richmond is adjacent to the township, but is administratively autonomous. Contents [ hide ]1 Geography2 Demographics3 References4 External links Geography [ edit]According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 37.3 square miles (96.5 km²), all land. Demographics [ edit]At the 2000 census, [1] there were 3,416 people, 1,020 households and 869 families residing in the township. The population density was 91.7 per square mile (35.4/km²). There were 1,060 housing units at an average density of 28.4 per square mile (11.0/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 96.93% White, 0.97% African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 1.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.08% of the population. There were 1,020 households of which 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.6% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.8% were non-families. 11.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.14 and the average family size was 3.39. Age distribution was 28.0% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 102.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males. The median household income was $69,449, and the median family income was $72,500. Males had a median income of $54,205 versus $28,427 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,937. About 3.3% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over. References [ edit]^ a b ""American Fact Finder"". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Richmond Township, Macomb County, Michigan External links [ edit]NEMC-TV6: Romeo Township Area public-access television cable TV website Michigan portal Metro Detroit portal [ hide]v t e Municipalities and communities of Macomb County, Michigan, United States County seat: Mt. Clemens Cities Center Line Eastpointe Grosse Pointe Shores ‡ Fraser Memphis ‡ Mount Clemens New Baltimore Richmond ‡ Roseville St. Clair Shores Sterling Heights Utica Warren Villages Armada New Haven Romeo Charter townships Chesterfield Clinton Harrison Shelby Washington General law townships Armada Bruce Lenox Macomb Ray Richmond Unincorporated community Anchor Bay Gardens Anchor Bay Harbor Anchor Bay Shores Broad Acres Cady Chesterfield Chesterfield Shores Clifton Mill Clinton Davis Disco Lakeside Lottivue Macomb Meade Milton Mount Vernon Point Lakeview Preston Corners Ray Center Saint Clair Haven Saint Clair Shores Sebille Manor Shelby Waldenburg Washington Wolcott Mills Yates Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties "
|
[
"\"For other townships with this name in Michigan, see Richmond Township, Michigan (disambiguation).",
"Richmond Township, Michigan Township Richmond Township, Michigan Location within the state of Michigan Coordinates: 42°51′10″N 82°47′51″WCoordinates: 42°51′10″N 82°47′51″WCountry United States State Michigan County Macomb Area• Total 37.3 sq mi (96.5 km 2)• Land 37.3 sq mi (96.5 km 2)• Water 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km 2)Elevation 761 ft (232 m)Population ( 2000)• Total 3,416• Density 91.7/sq mi (35.4/km 2)Time zone Eastern (EST) ( UTC-5)• Summer ( DST) EDT ( UTC-4)ZIP code 48062Area code (s) 586, 810FIPS code 26-68400 [1]GNIS feature ID 1626976 [2]Richmond Township is a civil township of Macomb County, Michigan, United States.",
"At the 2000 census, the township population was 3,416.",
"The 2008 Census Bureau Estimate places the population at 3,784.",
"A portion of the City of Richmond is adjacent to the township, but is administratively autonomous.",
"Contents [ hide ]1 Geography2 Demographics3 References4 External links Geography [ edit]According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 37.3 square miles (96.5 km²), all land.",
"Demographics [ edit]At the 2000 census, [1] there were 3,416 people, 1,020 households and 869 families residing in the township.",
"The population density was 91.7 per square mile (35.4/km²).",
"There were 1,060 housing units at an average density of 28.4 per square mile (11.0/km²).",
"The racial makeup of the township was 96.93% White, 0.97% African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 1.38% from two or more races.",
"Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.08% of the population.",
"There were 1,020 households of which 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.6% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.8% were non-families.",
"11.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 3.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.",
"The average household size was 3.14 and the average family size was 3.39.",
"Age distribution was 28.0% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older.",
"The median age was 37 years.",
"For every 100 females there were 102.5 males.",
"For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.4 males.",
"The median household income was $69,449, and the median family income was $72,500.",
"Males had a median income of $54,205 versus $28,427 for females.",
"The per capita income for the township was $24,937.",
"About 3.3% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.",
"References [ edit]^ a b \"\"American Fact Finder\"\".",
"United States Census Bureau.",
"Archived from the original on September 11, 2013.",
"Retrieved 2008-01-31.^ U. S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Richmond Township, Macomb County, Michigan External links [ edit]NEMC-TV6: Romeo Township Area public-access television cable TV website Michigan portal Metro Detroit portal [ hide]v t e Municipalities and communities of Macomb County, Michigan, United States County seat: Mt.",
"Clemens Cities Center Line Eastpointe Grosse Pointe Shores ‡ Fraser Memphis ‡ Mount Clemens New Baltimore Richmond ‡ Roseville St. Clair Shores Sterling Heights Utica Warren Villages Armada New Haven Romeo Charter townships Chesterfield Clinton Harrison Shelby Washington General law townships Armada Bruce Lenox Macomb Ray Richmond Unincorporated community Anchor Bay Gardens Anchor Bay Harbor Anchor Bay Shores Broad Acres Cady Chesterfield Chesterfield Shores Clifton Mill Clinton Davis Disco Lakeside Lottivue Macomb Meade Milton Mount Vernon Point Lakeview Preston Corners Ray Center Saint Clair Haven Saint Clair Shores Sebille Manor Shelby Waldenburg Washington Wolcott Mills Yates Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties \""
] |
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