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35159090
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macadam%20Tribu
|
Macadam Tribu
|
Macadam Tribu is a 1996 comedy-drama produced by José Zeka Laplaine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The film was selected as the Democratic Republic of the Congo's entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 70th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
Plot
Two brothers, Mike (recently released from prison) and Kapa roam the streets, bars and boxing halls with Duka, their neighborhood friend.
Duka is the result of a not-so-secret fling with Papa Sandu, who owns the neighborhood bar.
In the evening, everyone ends up in the bar to discuss the events of the day, the street and the TV.
This is also where Bavusi, the mother of Mike and Kapa, comes to remember better times. Other people of the neighborhood who meet at the bar include a policeman and prostitutes. Each has their place. One day, Duka decides to return to the ring to face the great champion Kabeya. The whole neighborhood is there to support him, but the fight goes wrong and Duka falls into a coma.
The characters outwit the authorities, make deals with each other and undertake communal projects that bring them together, notably a theatre project.
Afro-pop music provides a background to the film.
Reception
Le Monde said that in this lively but disenchanted street the director José Laplaine brings his characters to life with humor and affection. There is no real story ...
La Tribune Desfosses said that "With Macadam Tribu, the Zairian José Laplaine directs a story of a warm African city punctuated by the music of Papa Wemba, the Zairian rumba king. ".
Festivals
The film was shown at a number of festivals:
Cannes 1996
Montréal 1996 - Films du Monde
Locarno 1996
Toronto 1996
Los Angeles1996
Carthage 1996 - Prize for the best first work. Prix du COE
Amiens 1996 - Compétition
Nantes 1996 - Section Regards pluriels
Namur 1996 - CICAE prize
Rotterdam 1997
Manosque 1997
Fribourg 1997 - Panorama
Fespaco 1997
Milan 1997
Amiens 2001
SALLE : 12.02.1997
See also
List of submissions to the 70th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Democratic Republic of the Congo submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
References
External links
1996 films
1996 comedy-drama films
Democratic Republic of the Congo comedy films
1990s French-language films
Films set in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo drama films
|
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59335828
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majdi%20Khaldi
|
Majdi Khaldi
|
Majdi Khaldi (Arabic: مجدي الخالدي; born April 14, 1961) is a Palestinian diplomat and ambassador. He is the senior diplomatic advisor to Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, holding the rank of minister. Khaldi has previously served in the Palestinian National Authority from 1994 through 2006 in multiple roles, including deputy minister of foreign affairs, acting deputy minister of the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, and director general of the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation. Khaldi was also a member of the Palestinian negotiations support team for the implementation of the Oslo Accords with Israel. He is a current member of the Palestinian National Council.
Early life
Majdi Khaldi descends from the Khalidi family, a family that has history in Jerusalem and Palestine since 636 AD. His parents immigrated from Ramla, Palestine to Port Said, and later moved to Arish and Cairo, Egypt as a result of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight. His family became refugees in Egypt after the war. Khaldi has six sisters and brothers.
Career
1985–2003: Early career and ministry work
Khaldi started his career as an engineer in automation, management of technology, and computer industry in Romania, Canada, the United States, Algeria and Egypt. Between 1985 and 1992 he worked in consultancy and management in an international consultancy firm in engineering in Cairo, Egypt. In 1993, Khaldi returned to Palestine after the signing of the Oslo Accords, and was a member of the Palestinian negotiations support team for the implementation of the Oslo agreement with Israel. He served in this position until 1994.
Khaldi served as the director general of the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation from 1994 to 2000. His duties including acting as the head of the international cooperation sector, Arab countries, North America, Japan and Pacific Ocean countries, Asia and Africa and Eastern Europe departments. In addition, he assisted in establishing the ministry's first organizational structure and was a senior member of its management, and assisted in the establishment of National Center for Public Administration, the government computer center, and the program for diplomatic training.
In 2001, Khaldi was appointed acting deputy minister of the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, where he headed the international cooperation sector of the ministry, including political, development cooperation, and economic sectors.
2003–present: Diplomatic work
In the year 2003 Khaldi left the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, he was appointed an ambassador in the Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and served as the deputy minister. During his service as deputy minister of foreign affairs, Khaldi headed a number of bilateral and multilateral committees. He helped in the forming of the organizational structure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Palestinian Law of Diplomatic Corps that was approved by the Palestinian Legislative Council in 2005, and is being implemented ever since.
"His efforts allowed for the modernization of 90 Embassies and Missions of the State of Palestine"
Khaldi was appointed as the diplomatic advisor to President Mahmoud Abbas in 2006 and is currently serving in this position, with the rank of minister. Khaldi assists and advice the president in matters related to diplomatic, political affairs, and international bilateral and multilateral relations. Khaldi supervised the establishing of the Orders and Medals of the State of Palestine, and is the concelliere of the Palestinian Orders and Medals.
Khaldi headed and membered a number of key bilateral and multilateral committees as an ambassador, including:
Coordinator of the US–Palestinian Bilateral Committee (USPBS) (1997–2002)
Member to the Palestinian – European Commission Association Agreement Council (1996–2005)
Head of the Palestinian Coordination Bilateral Committees with the Arab Countries (1995–2005).
Member of the Palestinian delegations to Arab Summits, UNGA, OIC.
Member of the Palestinian delegation to the Davos World Economic Forum 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003 (Dead Sea - Jordan), Forum of the Future (2004–2006), and World Economic Forum, Dead Sea (2010–2017)
Member of the Palestinian official delegation to the International Donor Conferences to Palestine (AHLC and CG) between (1995–2005) and London meetings to support the PA (March 2005)
Board member of the Palestinian Investment and Promotion Authority (1999–2004)
National coordinator for Harvard Leadership (Good Governance) Program for Palestine (1998–2004)
Board member of the Presidential Committee for Christians and Churches Affairs.
Member of the Palestinian National Council (PNC)
Honors
Khaldi received the following state orders and medals:
France: Commander of the National Order of Merit (May 2016)
Italy: Knight of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (December 2014)
Spain: Commander of the Order of Civil Merit (June 2016)
Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of Rio Branco (October 2018)
His other awards include the Medal of Honor from the Mexican Academy of International Law in November 2009 and an award from Russia's Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society.
References
Living people
1961 births
Palestinian politicians
Palestinian diplomats
|
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] |
18305523
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Transformers%20UK%20comics
|
List of Transformers UK comics
|
The Transformers (cover-titled simply Transformers from issue #200) was a comic published by Marvel UK for 332 issues, from 1984 to 1991. It consisted of re-printed material from the American Transformers comic, as well as original UK material. The format of the comic changed several times during its seven-year run.
Issues
Second Format
From 21 September 1985 (Issue 27) to 9 February 1991 (Issue 308), Transformers was published weekly, before reverting to fortnightly publication for its final twenty-four issues. During its Second Format, it contained a single Transformers story, along with varying back-up strips.
Third Format
For a limited period, Transformers UK featured cover-to-cover Transformers action, with the back-up strip featuring reprints of the US Transformers spin-off series Headmasters.
Fourth Format
With the completion of Headmasters, Transformers UK returned to featuring a single Transformers story, along with varying back-up strips.
Fifth Format
External links
UK
British comics
Comics anthologies
Science fiction comics
1984 comics debuts
|
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1119292
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20B.%20Henderson
|
David B. Henderson
|
David Bremner Henderson (March 14, 1840 – February 25, 1906), a ten-term Republican congressman from Dubuque, Iowa, was the speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1899 to 1903. He was the first congressman from west of the Mississippi River, the last Civil War veteran, the second foreign-born person (after Charles Frederick Crisp), and the only Iowan to serve as Speaker.
Early life
Henderson was born in Old Deer, Scotland on March 14, 1840. He emigrated to the United States with his parents, who settled in Winnebago County, Illinois in 1846. The family moved to a farm near Clermont, in Fayette County, Iowa in 1849. He attended the common schools, and the Upper Iowa University at Fayette, Iowa.
Henderson married Augusta Fox, a fellow student at Upper Iowa University. While pursuing the same course of study they formed a lifelong attachment. After finishing their studies, their paths diverged for a time. Fox returned to her home and Henderson entered the army as a private. He was severely wounded and lost a leg, but he returned to active service and accepted a colonelcy even before fully recovering. After the close of the war Colonel Henderson and Fox were married. Fox was a native of Ohio, but had moved to Iowa at an early age. They had two daughters and one son. The elder daughter married Samuel Peaslee, and the other daughter, Isabelle, was an accomplished musician.
Civil War service
Henderson served in the Union Army during the Civil War and was wounded severely twice, once in the neck and later in the leg, which resulted in progressive amputations of that leg. He enlisted in the Union Army on September 15, 1861, as a private in Company C, 12th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Henderson was elected and commissioned first lieutenant of that company. In the Battle of Fort Donelson, he was shot in the neck in the final charge over the breastworks. After returning to the Regiment in April 1862, he lost one foot and part of one leg at the Second Battle of Corinth in October 1862. He was discharged on February 26, 1863, due to his wounds, and returned to Iowa. After serving as commissioner of the board of enrollment of the third district of Iowa from May 1863 to June 1864, he re-entered the Army as colonel of the new 46th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment, one of the "Hundred Days Men" regiments, and commanded the Regiment until it was mustered out in September 1864.
Law practice
Henderson was a successful lawyer prior to pursuing his political career. After studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1865 and commenced practice in Dubuque. He was the collector of internal revenue for the third district of Iowa from November 1865 to June 1869, when he resigned to accept a position as Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa, where he served until 1871. He was in private practice in Dubuque until 1882.
Congressman and committee chair
In 1882, Henderson was elected as a Republican to represent Iowa's 3rd congressional district in the U.S. House, where he served from March 4, 1883, to March 3, 1903. He ran for Speaker of the House when the 51st Congress convened in 1889, finishing well behind Thomas Brackett Reed and runner-up William McKinley. He served as the chairman of the Committee on Militia in the 51st Congress, and chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary in the 54th and 55th congresses. He was also the ranking Republican on the House Committee on Appropriations during the 52nd and 53rd congresses, when the House had a Democratic majority. When Republicans regained the majority after the 1894 elections, Speaker Reed broke from tradition by returning the chairmanship to Joseph Gurney Cannon, who had served more nonconsecutive terms in the House and would have outranked Henderson had Cannon not lost his House seat for two years.
Henderson was an aggressive debater and an intense Republican partisan. He seems to have loved a fight; he got into enough of them from his very first term, exercising his power of personal vituperation and abuse against Democrats whenever he found grounds to do so. "I would rather spend an eternity in hell with a Confederate than an eternity in heaven with a northern Copperhead," he told one crowd. His secret for political success came from combining mainstream Republican causes with those dear to the hearts of his farmland constituency. In the summer of 1886, he led House forces in favor of levying a high tax on oleomargarine. At the same time he sponsored a bill to raise the benefits for veterans' widows by fifty percent. (On the final passage of another bill he favored, increasing the pensions of disabled veterans, Henderson withheld his vote, since he would stand among the beneficiaries). His commitment to pension legislation, general and individual, marked his whole career and took up most of his time. No member did more than he in that respect.
Speaker of the House
With the support of fellow "western state" Republicans, Henderson was elected to succeed Reed as Speaker following Reed's resignation from the post in 1899. During his two terms as speaker (in the 56th and 57th congresses), Henderson, by longstanding tradition also held the role as chairman of the Committee on Rules.
On September 16, 1902 -- with the next Congressional election less than two months away -- Henderson surprised nearly everyone by announcing that he was withdrawing from the re-election campaign. Several explanations for his abrupt withdrawal were suggested. Henderson's letter announcing his decision referred to "a growing sentiment, among Republicans, that I do not truly represent their views on the tariff question." Some attributed his decision to the lingering effects of his war injuries. In a letter to Henderson's successor Joe Cannon dated three days after Henderson's announcement, former House Clerk Henry H. Smith stated that "there can be but one explanation of the reason for his action [the resignation] . . . they relate not alone to poker playing, but to his alleged intimacy with a certain 'lobbyess' who is reported to have some written evidence that would greatly embarrass the Speaker. . . . He seemed to have lost all control of himself and become reckless. . . . This is not mere guesswork at all but private and reliable information which I am sure you will recognize when I tell you the name." - Whatever the cause, Henderson's resignation ushered in the beginning of Cannon's famous tenure as Speaker.
Death and honors
After leaving Congress, Henderson practiced law in New York City until health problems caused him to retire to Southern California. Henderson died in Dubuque on February 25, 1906, aged 65. He is buried at Linwood Cemetery in Dubuque.
His portrait hangs in the speakers' room in the U.S. Capitol, and statues of Henderson by J. Massey Rhind are found in the collections of the Iowa State Historical Society and in Clermont.
"Allison-Henderson Park," in Dubuque, shares his name with that of six-term U.S. Senator William B. Allison, another citizen of Dubuque.
References
Retrieved on 2008-10-01.
Further reading
Hoing, Willard L. "David B. Henderson: Speaker of the House." Iowa Journal of History 55 (January 1957): 1-34.
Schlup, Leonard. "Defender of the Old Guard: David B. Henderson and Republican Politics in Gilded Age America." Julien's Journal 22 (January 1997): 22–24.
"100 Years Later, Henderson still remembered as a hero", Dubuque, Iowa Telegraph Herald, (February 25, 2006): 1.
"Red-Light District: Working the Intersection Of Sex and Power," Lily Burana, Washington Post, (May 6, 2007): Page B01.
1840 births
1906 deaths
American amputees
Iowa lawyers
Politicians from Dubuque, Iowa
People of Iowa in the American Civil War
American politicians with disabilities
Scottish emigrants to the United States
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Union Army colonels
Upper Iowa University alumni
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa
19th-century American politicians
People from Old Deer
American lawyers with disabilities
|
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] |
10972901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Mary%20the%20Virgin%2C%20Gillingham%2C%20Dorset
|
St Mary the Virgin, Gillingham, Dorset
|
St Mary's Church is the parish church for the town of Gillingham in the Blackmore Vale in the north of Dorset. The church is in the Diocese of Salisbury in the Church of England, and part of the Anglican Communion.
There is believed to have been a Christian presence in the area since Anglo-Saxon days, evidence being a stone with a complicated interlaced pattern, now in the museum, which is believed to be the remains of a 9th-century cross – either a preaching cross or a grave marker. But most of the current building, particularly the nave, dates from an early Victorian rebuild. The chancel (choir and sanctuary) however, is older; the five great pointed windows with their trefoil heads, which stand on the south side of the chancel, show that it was built in the Decorated Gothic style popular in the 14th century. On the north wall of the chancel, only two feet above the floor, can be seen the archway of an Easter Sepulchre.
Some bench ends, a screen at the east end of the north aisle, and the font, are in the Perpendicular Gothic style of the 15th and 16th centuries.
The Chapel of the Good Shepherd was given by Mr and Mrs Carlton Cross in memory of their son who was killed in France during the First World War while carrying in some of the wounded men from his regiment. W. D. Caroe, the architect who designed the chapel, went on to create many other fine works, including the east end of the Lady Chapel in Sherborne Abbey.
The reredos beneath the east window in the main chancel is another reminder of the tragedy of the First World War. It was given in 1925 by Mr and Mrs Matthews of Wyke House in memory of two of their sons who were both killed in the war. Further examples of the work of Nathaniel Hitch (1846–1938), the sculptor responsible for the reredos, may be seen in Westminster Abbey and Truro and Bristol Cathedrals.
Memorials to those who died in the First World War can be seen hanging above the Jacobean communion table in St. Catherine's Chapel. The Book of Remembrance nearby records all those who served in the two world wars and also those who died.
St. Mary's is still being enhanced as it has been over the centuries for the needs of the current worshipping community.
References
External links
Official website
Grade I listed churches in Dorset
Church of England church buildings in Dorset
Gillingham, Dorset
|
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] |
51194
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8%20BC
|
8 BC
|
Year 8 BC was either a common year starting on Friday or Saturday or a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Censorinus and Gaius Asinius (or, less frequently, year 746 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 8 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
King Maroboduus becomes ruler of the Marcomanni and fights against the Roman Empire's expansion in Bohemia.
Arminius, son of a Cheruscan chieftain, is taken as a hostage to Rome, where he receives a military education.
After 20 years, Emperor Augustus initiates his second census of the Roman Empire.
Sextilis, the eighth month of the early Julian calendar, is renamed Augustus (August) by a decree of the Roman Senate in honor of Augustus.
Births
Wang, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty (d. AD 23)
Deaths
November 27 – Horace, Roman lyric poet and writer (b. 65 BC)
Gaius Maecenas, Roman politician and advisor (b. 70 BC)
Polemon I, Roman client king of the Bosporan Kingdom
Xu, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty
References
|
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] |
34078138
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community%20based%20forest%20management%20in%20the%20Philippines
|
Community based forest management in the Philippines
|
Community-based forest management (CBFM) constitutes “a powerful paradigm that evolved out of the failure of state forest governance to ensure the sustainability of forest resources and the equitable distribution of access to and benefits from them”. In 1995, the Philippine government adopted CBFM as a national scheme to promote sustainable forest governance, in recognition of the negative impacts occurring as a result of widespread forest loss across the country. The scheme stresses the importance of involving communities in sustaining the forest through projects such as timber harvesting, agro-forestry and livestock raising. CBFM therefore advocates an increasingly ‘bottom up’ – as opposed to the historically ‘top down’ and centralised - approach to sustainable forest governance involving a variety of stakeholders. By 2005, 5503 projects had been established across the country. For this reason the Philippines has been considered a pioneer within Asia for the successful implementation of CBFM as a nationwide tool of forest governance.
CBFM has resulted in varying levels of success across the country, primarily due to unstable policies, poor policy implementation and a lack of funding and assistance by the local and national governments. Successful projects tend to a result of strong government backing, strong community will to succeed in sustainable forest management, and international funding and technical assistance. The varying degree of success implies that many challenges still remain if CBFMs objectives are to be successfully achieved on a national scale. In addition, uncontrollable levels of deforestation remains a problem in the Philippines, with current forest cover at 25.7% and many rural and upland communities still well under the poverty line.
History and origins
CBFM in the Philippines emerged as a result of several driving forces including ‘forest and environmental degradation’ and ‘inequitable access to forest resources and benefits’. These can be attributed to the historically unsustainable forest management practices adopted by centralised governments.
Forest cover in the Philippines has declined significantly from 92% in 1575 to 24% in 2003. Under the centralised forest management regime of Ferdinand Marcos between 1970 and 1980, annual deforestation was particularly high at 300,000 hectares. As a result of this deforestation, the Philippines had one of the highest forest losses in the Asia-Pacific region at the turn of the century. The large extent of forest loss in the country can be illustrated by the change from the country being a “major exporter of tropical logs in the late 1950s until 60s to now being a major importer of wood and wood products”.
The centralised forest management policies formed within the pioneering period (1975–1986) are thought to have “primarily benefited the privileged few instead of the millions of people living in upland areas who depend on the forests resources for survival”. The Marcos government placed a third of the total forest in the country (8-12 million ha) under the control of 450-470 big companies with Timber Licence Agreements (TLA) whilst the “indigenous were regarded as squatters in their own lands... and were treated as culprits for forest destruction”. Widespread poverty ensued in the upland communities that rely on the forests for maintaining their livelihoods.
The negative impacts of the centralised approach to forest control led civil society to strongly advocate a shift in the control of local resources to communities who could benefit socio-economically from as well as manage the forest more suitably. The government responded to these calls for a more people-orientated forestry programme by issuing executive order no.263 in 1995. This was titled “adopting community-based forest management as a national scheme to ensure the sustainable development of the country’s forest lands resources and providing mechanisms for its implementation”. Under this order, local communities can obtain long term tenure rights to forest land and resource use permits (RUPs) from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), provided that they employ environmentally friendly, ecologically sustainable and labour-intensive harvesting methods. Communities under CBFM are to elect a people’s organisation (PO) to represent a particular project in talks with other stakeholders. Some of the practices that communities have engaged in under CBFM range from agro-forestry and timber harvesting to livestock raising. The government aimed to place at least 9 million hectares of forests under CBFM by 2008.
Case studies
YISEDA
The Young Innovators for Social & Environmental Development Association (YISEDA) - a group of 34 local men - was formed under CBFM in 1993 to promote the sustainable use of the forests in the province of Southern Leyte by protecting natural forests and promoting reforestation efforts. The area has witnessed rapid forest loss mainly through illegal logging and therefore was a prime target for the CBFM scheme. Under CBFM, communities were “taught to cut down indigenous trees and to sustain plantation areas for the harvest of timber”. The DENR tenure rights allow the communities to harvest the trees from the 34 hectare plantations that they themselves have set up. The success of the initiative was limited by a lack of government investment in the beginning, although investment from Deutsche Gesellschaft for Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) - a German government agency - has been vital to YISEDA’s success. GIZ provided YISEDA with a 5-year reforestation plan along with the funding (P5 million) and technical assistance to implement the plan.
NPPFRDC
The Ngan, Panansalan, Pagsabangan Forest Resources Development Cooperative (NPPFRDC) emerged from CBFM as a scheme to promote the sustainable harvest of timber and improve social justice. NPPFRC is located in Compostela in Southern Philippines which was awarded CBFM in 1996, giving them “the rights and responsibilities to manage and protect 14,800 ha of forest land”. In 2004 the NPPFRC totalled 324 members - which including associated families - totalled to 1,051 people being dependent on the coop’s activities and success. The cooperative themselves created a management framework under which “535 ha (5%) out of the 11,113 ha of production forest, with an estimated timber volume of 21,400 m3, will be harvested over the next five years”. The coop’s success relies on strong relationships between the communities and other actors including the local government, log buyers and the Community Environment and Natural Resource Office (CENRO).
Successes
The successes of CBFM in the Philippines have been limited by the fact that, in the minds of the people, CBFM was only a ‘project’ instead of a long-term forest management scheme. Therefore, as projects finished, much of the initiatives that had gone into the schemes were terminated.
One project which is hailed as a great success from the Philippines CBFM initiative is the case study of YISEDA. The entitlement of land to manage has successfully altered the mindset of the communities involved to care more for the importance of the forests in which they live instead of degrading them. The YISEDA managed to overcome economic hardship in the beginning due to lack of government funding to maintain protection of the forest. This was partly because the communities started to see the economic and livelihood benefits of protecting and sustainably managing the forest. The government of the Philippines recognised the initial success of the YISEDA by entrusting its members another 150 ha of CBFM land to manage. The community themselves are promoting the long term sustainability of the project through education of their youth so the scheme can be successfully run for generations to come. Development funding of P5 million from GIZ played a big part in the long term success of YISEDA who, by 2001 started to reap the rewards of their hardship with a harvest of 66 hardwoods at a cost of P5,000 each.
Across the country, the scheme has established 5503 projects covering an area of approximately 6 million hectares by 2005. According to Pulhin, a number of studies have found that the projects have added to the sustainability of the projects by increasing forest cover, making technological advances and improving relations between actors through collective action.
Failures
Numerous failures surrounding the implementation of CBFM have occurred across the Philippines. Despite the few successes - such as the YIDEDA - many communities under CBFM schemes have come across numerous challenges in achieving the goals and objectives of the scheme as detailed below:
Unstable policies:The limited and potentially short-term success of nationwide CBFM schemes including the NPPFRDC was mainly thought to be as a result of “unstable and restrictive forest policy”. The DENR have the power to suspend resource use permits (RUPs) which allow CBFM schemes to extract and utilise forest resources inside the designated area. When this occurs widespread loss of livelihood and forest destruction ensues. The impact of three RUP suspensions on the NPPFRDC caused major disruption of operations and resulted in economic losses of around $2.4 million in 2003 alone. In addition, unemployment increased forcing many locals into illegal logging to maintain their livelihoods. More seriously, however, over 1000 CBFMs were cancelled by the DENR nationwide by 2003, resulting in loss of livelihood and forest destruction in former CBFM areas in the Philippines.
Restrictive policies:Stipulated in the agreements made between YISEDA and the government, “YISEDA can only cut down trees from plantation areas measuring at least 30 centimetres in diameter”. For this reason it is only recently that the trees planted in the early 1990s by YISEDA could be harvested and sold on the market. Before this the YISEDA had very little income on which to maintain their livelihoods, and were strongly relying on the uncertain future success of the CBFM.
Lack of government funding and technical assistance:The poor technical assistance can be explained by the insufficient numbers of qualified technical staff at DENR in the early years with the knowledge required to assist CBFM projects. YISEDA struggled at first, having to motivate members to help with reforestation even though it lacked technical knowledge on agro-forestry and funding from DENR. Eventually, economic and technical assistance was provided by GIZ, and YISEDA thrived, but otherwise the chances of succeeding would have been much more unlikely. The NPPFRDC has had to bear the brunt of many of the costs themselves which has significantly inhibited their progress.
Reliance on International assistance:The government has been criticised for its inability to see CBFM projects through in the long run with the removal of funding too soon. A number of CBFMs would have not succeeded if it wasn’t for international funding and technical assistance, such as that provided by GIZ in the YISEDA scheme. GIZ provided not only funding but also a clear plan of action for forest regeneration which the YISEDA scheme lacked previously due to poor guidance by DENR.
Site to site variances in support:As evident in the case studies of YISEDA and NPPFRDC, there are disparities in the level of success that CBFM has had, suggesting that the level of support given to a project is highly dependent on location. As a result, this has led many to doubt the effectiveness of CBFM as a national tool for sustainable forest management.
Challenges that remain
LL Rebugio stated, "Despite wide coverage of areas devolved to local communities, totalling close to 6 million ha, current nationwide outcomes of state-initiated national community forestry programs and projects in the Philippines are still far from achieving their stated objectives". Challenges remain within all aspects of CBFMs if these objectives are to be met in the future; from strengthening the weakening support by government policies to challenges within the community to ensure that benefits are sustained after the projects are completed. The NPPFRDCs success is dependent on these developments in the near future Governments must allow CBFMs to have increased formal involvement in the decision-making process and policy changes that can impact positively on their lives. Additionally, at a local level “strategic interventions are still needed to achieve the social justice and equality objectives of CBFM” thus addressing the observation in some projects that the community elites and educated are benefiting the most.
References
Sustainable forest management
Habitat management equipment and methods
Environment of the Philippines
Forest governance
Community-based forestry
|
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] |
31862257
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver%20and%20Vehicle%20Licensing%20Authority
|
Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority
|
Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority (DVLA) of Ghana is the government agency responsible for the licensing and evaluation of drivers and cars in Ghana.
History
DVLA was established in 1999 by Act 569 of Ghana's parliament. The act allowed the authority to have a semi-autonomous status in the public sector organisation under the Ministry of Transport. The authority is responsible for ensuring safety on Ghanaian roads. The authority before the enactment of the DVLA Act was called Vehicle Examination & Licensing Division (VELD).
Driver licensing
The laws of Ghana permits individuals 18 years and older to drive. Ghanaians and residents of the country can apply for a 3-month learner's licence. After the expiration of the learner's licence, a written exam is conducted of which the would-be driver must score 70% or more to pass. After the written exam, the would-be driver takes a test which involves identification and explanation of several road signs. If the road signs test is passed, the would-be driver takes the last exam drive with a DVLA instructor. An error-free test drive qualifies the driver to a cover note, which is returned for the driving licence on a said date.
Online registration
In April 2008, the authority announced a 306,000 cedi online registration project that sought to streamline the activities of the authority to allow it offer efficient services to its clients. The system was also sought to abolish the activities of middlemen who hampered the operations of the authority. The online system became operational in December 2008.
Lay off Certification
The authority issues Lay off Certificates (L.O.C) to vehicle owner who request for them. The request is granted on both commercial and private vehicles that are not moved for a minimum of 6 months. L.O.Cs allow vehicle owners to save costs by not paying road use fees.
International licence
The Authority issues local Ghanaian driving licences to foreigners whose driving licences are issued by signatories of International Conventions. Requesting for such a licence requires the provision of the foreign driving licence and a translation of it if it is not in the English language and four passport-sized photographs. An eye examination is done and a cover note issued to the individual.
References
Automotive safety
Ministries and Agencies of State of Ghana
Government agencies established in 1999
1999 establishments in Ghana
|
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24,
81048,
306,
55734,
199999
] |
68135779
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Iansek
|
Tom Iansek
|
Tom Iansek is a Melbourne-based Australian record producer and songwriter, best known for his work with #1 Dads, Big Scary, and No Mono. Iansek has produced music for Emma Louise, Airling, Lanks, and Slum Sociable.
Career
2006-present: Big Scary
In 2006, Iansek formed the folk rock band Big Scary with Joanna Syme. In late 2008, the band went into the studio for the first time, recording six live tracks in a single day. In October 2008, the duo uploaded "The Apple Song" to Triple J Unearthed and officially released it in December 2008, alongside a self-titled debut EP. As of 2021, Big Scary have released four studio albums: Vacation (2011), Not Art (2013), Animal (2016), and Daisy (2021).
2009: Small Time Hero
In 2009, Iansek released his debut album, Top of the Tree, under the moniker Small Time Hero. Iansek wrote, produced, mixed, and self-released the album.
2010–present: #1 Dads
In 2010, Iansek formed the alternative rock band #1 Dads as a side project during downtime, with music that is "more acoustic than electronic in construction". As of 2021, #1 Dads have released three studio albums: Man of Leisure (2011), About Face (2014), and Golden Repair (2020).
2017–present: No Mono
In 2017, Iansek launched the band No Mono with Tom Snowden. Snowdon said of the collaboration, "For the past two years, we've been developing songs for this project, which we recently recorded at the Pieater studio in Collingwood. We like similar music and sounds and are great friends. It's been a very intuitive process. That's what this project is really about—exploring and cultivating our artistic relationship; we just follow our ears and our guts". As of 2021, No Mono have released two studio albums: Islands Part 1 (2018) and Islands Part 2 (2019).
Other work
In April 2017, Iansek re-released his debut album on vinyl under the title Small Time Hero, Top of the Tree for Record Store Day. In 2017, Iansek said "This is the first album I ever made. There was great joy and excitement for me making it. It was the beginning of my love for the entire music-making process, from songwriting and arranging to capturing the performance. I present it now to unashamedly show the beginnings of my journey into making music".
In 2018, Iansek co-produced The Paper Kites' third studio album, On the Train Ride Home.
Personal life
Iansek has a son, born in May 2019.
Solo discography
Albums
Featured as solo musician
Awards and nominations
ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. Tom Iansek has been nominated for one award.
!
|-
| 2017
| Tom Iansek for Animal by Big Scary
| ARIA Award for Producer of the Year
|
|
|-
Music Victoria Awards
The Music Victoria Awards are an annual awards night celebrating music from the state of Victoria. They commenced in 2005.
!
|-
| 2015
| Tom Iansek
| Best Male Musician
|
| rowspan="2"|
|-
| 2018
| Tom Iansek
| Best Male Musician
|
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2020
| Tom Iansek
| Best Musician
|
| rowspan="2"|
|-
| Tom Iansek for Golden Repair by #1 Dads
| Best Producer
|
|-
References
Australian record producers
Australian male songwriters
American male songwriters
Australian male composers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
|
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199999
] |
54686738
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%201978%20Commonwealth%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20marathon
|
Athletics at the 1978 Commonwealth Games – Men's marathon
|
The men's marathon event at the 1978 Commonwealth Games was held on
11 August 1978 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Results
References
Athletics at the 1978 Commonwealth Games
1978
Comm
1978 Commonwealth Games
|
[
976,
73053,
62701,
2104,
540,
290,
220,
5695,
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673,
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198,
5695,
23,
198,
40990,
198,
5695,
23,
69752,
15716,
199999
] |
35889222
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatsinhji%20Dabhi
|
Bharatsinhji Dabhi
|
Bharatsinhji Dabhi is a Member of Legislative assembly from Kheralu constituency in Gujarat for its 12th, 13th and 14th legislative assembly.
He was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Patan, Gujarat in the 2019 Indian general election as member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
References
India MPs 2019–present
Lok Sabha members from Gujarat
Living people
Gujarat MLAs 2017–2022
Gujarat MLAs 2007–2012
Gujarat MLAs 2012–2017
People from Mehsana district
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat
1955 births
|
[
33,
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44738,
591,
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198,
7866,
20,
146132,
199999
] |
13793582
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Inspector%20Calls%20%281954%20film%29
|
An Inspector Calls (1954 film)
|
An Inspector Calls is a 1954 British drama film directed by Guy Hamilton and starring Alastair Sim, Jane Wenham and Eileen Moore. It is based upon the 1945 play An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley and was adapted for the screen by Desmond Davis. It was shot at Shepperton Studios with sets designed by the art director Joseph Bato.
Plot
In 1912, the upper class Birling family sit at a dining table at the end of a dinner party with their friends. Gerald Croft proposes to the daughter, Sheila. Mother chastises Eric, the son, for drinking too much. Father discusses the likelihood of war and after the meal discusses his possible knighthood with Gerald over port and cigars. They are interrupted by a man calling himself Inspector Poole, investigating the suicide of a working-class girl Eva Smith whose death is linked to each family member. Eva has poisoned herself. She left a diary. Eva was one of Mr Birling's workers in his factory.
In a flashback to 1910, we see Eva working in the machine shop in his factory. She goes with a group of women to demand a pay increase from 22/6 to 25/- per week. Birling refuses and tells them to find another job if they are unhappy. Back in the Birling house, the father cannot see what any of this has to do with him. The inspector explains that after a period of unemployment she went to work at Lilworth's but was dismissed after 2 months after a customer complained. It becomes clear that this was Sheila.
In a second flashback, Sheila is trying to choose a hat with her mother. Sheila accuses Eva of being rude for smiling as she struggles to fit the hat and demands she is dismissed.
Sheila explains she was jealous of her looks. The inspector says Eva then changed her name to Daisy Renton, to which Gerald looks shocked. Gerald confesses to Sheila that he had an affair with Daisy beginning in March 1911. He says he met Daisy at the Palace Variety Show and we enter a third flashback in the bar where he tricks the man she was with to leave and takes his seat. He takes her for a meal and, finding she is homeless, lets her use his townhouse and gives her money to survive on. It develops into an affair, but he does not go out with her in public. On one of his visits, she realises that he is building up to breaking off their affair, and, to make things easier for him, tells him they should separate as she realises that he only ever felt sorry for her. She leaves the flat the next day.
It is revealed that Mrs Birling refused Eva charity in her role as chairwoman of a charity committee. The refusal was on the grounds that Eva gave the name Birling and claims her husband left her. She is pregnant. Finally, Eric is shown to have met Eva on a tram. They have an affair and Eva falls pregnant. He steals money to support her, but she refuses it when she realises it was stolen. This is when she goes to Mrs Birling but is turned down. In summary, each person is partially responsible for Eva's death.
Gerald asks a policeman outside and discovers there is no "Inspector Poole" in that town. He goes back into the house to challenge Poole. Birling asks Poole to wait in the study while they discuss it. They all feel partially unburdened of their guilt except Sheila and Eric. They decide to turn it all round to avoid a scandal and realise there is no evidence. They also realise the photo of the girl was only shown to one at a time. Gerald phones the infirmary to check the girl is really dead but is told no-one died. It is all a strange scam. Mr and Mrs Birling decide to go back to how they were, though Sheila and Eric are permanently changed.
Then the phone rings. A girl has just died at the infirmary and an inspector is on his way. In the study Poole has vanished.
Cast
Alastair Sim as Inspector Poole
Jane Wenham as Eva Smith/Daisy Renton
Eileen Moore as Sheila Birling
Bryan Forbes as Eric Birling
Brian Worth as Gerald Croft
Olga Lindo as Sybil Birling
Arthur Young as Arthur Birling
Norman Bird as Foreman Jones-Collins
Charles Saynor as Police Sergeant Arnold Ransom
John Welsh as Mr. Timmon: Hat Sales Manager
Barbara Everest as Mrs. Lefson: Charity Committee Woman
George Woodbridge as Stanley: Fish & Chips Shop Owner
George Cole as conductor on tram
Olwen Brookes as Miss Frances
Frances Gowens as small girl in the chip shop
Production
An Inspector Calls was filmed at Shepperton Studios, Shepperton, Middlesex, England, under the auspices of the Watergate Productions Ltd.
In the original play, the Inspector's name was Inspector Goole.
Although the play never shows Eva Smith, the film opens in flashbacks that show each member of the family's involvement in Smith's life.
In the play, Eva is first sacked for being involved in a strike; in the film, she is simply sacked for suggesting that the increased wages requested were necessary to live on. Similarly, in the play, Sheila is trying on a dress when the incident with Eva occurs in the shop; in the film, the incident is over a hat.
In the play, the Inspector is ushered in by the maid, while in the film he simply appears suddenly in the dining room as if from nowhere, accompanied by an ominous chord in the background music. In the middle of the film, he inspects his pocket watch and asks Eric to enter the room. He states he has just heard Eric come through the door; however, Eric does come through the door before this.
Reception
C. A. Lejeune, film critic of The Observer, recommended the film; despite its lack of technical polish, its slow pace and often trite dialogue, she found it thought-provoking.
References
External links
An Inspector Calls (1954) at the British Film Institute
An Inspector Calls (1954) at Free Films Archive
1954 films
British historical films
1950s historical films
1954 crime drama films
1950s mystery films
British mystery films
British crime drama films
British black-and-white films
British films based on plays
Films set in country houses
Films directed by Guy Hamilton
Films based on works by J. B. Priestley
British Lion Films films
Films shot at Shepperton Studios
Films set in the 1910s
1950s English-language films
1950s British films
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51098248
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen%20Thomas
|
Kristen Thomas
|
Kristen Thomas (born July 1, 1993) is an American rugby sevens player. She competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Early life
Thomas participated in track and field and basketball in high school. She began her rugby career as a freshman at the University of Central Florida. She is openly lesbian.
Career
Thomas made her debut for the United States sevens team at the 2015 São Paulo Women's Sevens. She won a silver medal at the 2015 Pan American Games as a member of the United States women's national rugby sevens team.
Thomas missed out on selection for the 2016 Summer Olympics squad due to an injury she sustained at the 2016 France Women's Sevens. She was named in the Eagles 2017 Women's Rugby World Cup squad.
Thomas was selected to represent the United States at the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Cape Town.
References
External links
Kristen Thomas at USA Rugby
1993 births
Living people
United States international rugby sevens players
American female rugby union players
American female rugby sevens players
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in rugby sevens
Rugby sevens players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Rugby sevens players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic rugby sevens players for the United States
American LGBT sportspeople
21st-century American sportswomen
Sportspeople from Philadelphia
Rugby union players from Pennsylvania
UCF Knights athletes
Rugby union centres
Lesbian sportswomen
LGBT rugby union players
African-American rugby union players
African-American sportswomen
|
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] |
192997
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Brother%20Awards
|
Big Brother Awards
|
The Big Brother Awards (BBAs) recognize "the government and private sector organizations ... which have done the most to threaten personal privacy". They are named after the George Orwell character Big Brother from the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. They are awarded yearly to authorities, companies, organizations, and persons that have been acting particularly and consistently to threaten or violate people's privacy, or disclosed people's personal data to third parties.
The awards are intended to draw public attention to privacy issues and related alarming trends in society, especially in data privacy. The contest is organized by a loose coalition of nongovernmental organizations, including Iuridicum Remedium, Privacy International, and others, although some national-level BBAs are organized by specific sponsors.
The German Big Brother Awards are organized and hosted by Digitalcourage (formerly FoeBuD) in Bielefeld.
The United States' most recently hosted its Big Brother Awards – also known as the Orwell Awards or simply the Orwells – on 14 April 2005 in Seattle, Washington. They had previously been hosted in Berkeley, California, on 12 April 2004; New York City on 3 April 2003; San Francisco, California, on 18 April 2002; and Cambridge, Massachusetts, on 7 March 2001. The first annual US Big Brother Awards were made at the Computers, Freedom and Privacy Conference in Washington, D.C., on 7 April 1999, the 50th anniversary of the publication of Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. The awards were made by Simon Davies, managing director of the London-based Privacy International to recognize "the government and private sector organizations which have done the most to invade personal privacy in the United States." The awards were given in five categories: Greatest Corporate Invader, Lifetime Menace, Most Invasive Program, People's Choice, and Worst Public Official.
Countries
The following countries have their own version of the Big Brother Awards:
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Japan (2003)
Netherlands
New Zealand
Spain
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
See also
Brandeis Award (privacy)
Mass surveillance
Orwell Award
References
External links
International Website about the Big Brother Awards
Espionage
Global surveillance
Ironic and humorous awards
Mass surveillance
Privacy awards
|
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] |
50922318
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Bowie%20%28climber%29
|
Don Bowie (climber)
|
Don Bowie (born December 9, 1969) is a professional high altitude climber from Alberta, Canada. Bowie’s climbing endeavors have taken him to remote regions of Nepal, Pakistan, Tibet, Africa, South America, Mexico, USA, and the high-arctic of Canada. In addition to being a world-class alpinist, he is an expert ski-mountaineer, avid mountain biker, long-distance trail-runner, and develops various projects portraying his climbing exploits as a writer, filmmaker, and photographer. Bowie now lives in Bishop, California, where he serves as an active member of the Inyo County Sheriff Search and Rescue Team.
Expedition Highlights
2005 Broad Peak (8047m/26,401 ft) Karakoram, Pakistan, West Ridge, Solo (to 7800m)
2006 Cho Oyu (8188m/26,863 ft) Tibet Himalaya, Polish Ridge variation (to 8000m)
2006 Annapurna (8091m/26,545 ft) Nepal Himalaya, East Ridge, new route (to 7300m)
2007 K2 (8611m/28,253 ft) Karakoram, Pakistan, new route (to 6800m) Abruzzi Spur (summit)
2008 Annapurna (8091m/26,545 ft) Nepal Himalaya, South Face/East Ridge (to 7300m)
2008 Distaghil Sar (7886m/25,256 ft) Hispar Range, Pakistan, new route attempt
2008 unnamed peak (5811m/19,065) Hispar, Pakistan, first ascent (summit)
2008 unnamed peak (6347m/20,823 ft) Hispar, Pakistan, second ascent (summit)
2008/9 Broad Peak (8047m/26,401 ft) Karakoram, Pakistan, West Ridge, in winter (to 7000m)
2009 Gasherbrum III (7952m/26,089 ft) Karakoram, Pakistan, North Face, new route (to 7300m)
2010 Gasherbrum I (8068m/26,650 ft) Karakoram Range, Pakistan, Japanese Couloir (summit)
2011 Cho Oyu (summit) with Ueli Steck
2019 Annapurna (Summit) after 6 attempts
See also
14 Peaks: Nothing Is Impossible, 2021 climbing film in which Bowie appears while climbing Annapurna
References
Don Bowie at CC
Spirit of mountainering
News & Events
nickestcourtaward.org
Alpine Club Commendation - the history
Build Mental Toughness | Men's Health News
External links
Don Bowie Website
Canadian mountain climbers
1969 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Ontario
People from Bishop, California
|
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] |
2589917
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K3%20%28group%29
|
K3 (group)
|
K3 is a Belgian-Dutch girl group with a Dutch-language pop repertoire, consisting of Hanne Verbruggen, Marthe De Pillecyn, and Julia Boschman. The group's name is derived from the first letters of the three first members from 1998: Karen Damen, Kristel Verbeke, and Kathleen Aerts. The signature style and iconicity of K3 rely on all three girls mostly wearing the same outfit, and they are tradionally a redhead, a brunette, and a blonde. Throughout its career, K3 has built a space within Dutch and Belgian pop culture. They became one of the most successful groups of the Benelux.
Kathleen Aerts stepped out of the formation in March 2009. She was replaced by Josje Huisman later that year after winning audition reality show K2 Zoekt K3. On November 6, 2015, Karen, Kristel and Josje were succeeded by Hanne Verbruggen, Klaasje Meijer and Marthe De Pillecyn after they became the winners of K3 Zoekt K3. On 9 February 2021 Klaasje Meijer announced her departure from K3 and another audition reality show was held that year to find a new member. Of more than 22.000 interested, Julia Boschman won the competition and became part of the group.
Career
Rise to fame (1998-2002)
The band K3 was started by Niels William. Initially, their intention was to be the Flemish version of the British all-female group "Spice Girls." Following the same formula K3 was composed of all females in their twenties, and like the Spice Girls, women in their twenties as their target audience. The original target is noticeable in their early song lyrics including their first single, "Wat ik wil" (What I want). This release was not very successful.
In 1999, K3 participated in live television shows that selected the Belgian entry for the Eurovision Song Contest with their song "Heyah Mama". The song was not well received by one of the judges, Marcel Vanthilt, who referred to the band members as "assorted meat products".
Notwithstanding, "Heyah Mama" was released as a single and became the first big hit for the band, staying at the number two spot of the Flemish Ultratop 50 chart, charting 25 weeks.
Their next two singles also earned the number one spot on the charts, resulting in an uninterrupted period of 32 weeks of K3 in the number one spot. About a year after becoming famous in Flanders, K3 also became famous in the Netherlands.
Their songs are written by Miguel Wiels, Alain Vande Putte and Peter Gillis. This trio previously collaborated as songwriters for Flemish singer Isabelle A.
K3 is noted for being the first pop act to break through to the top of the charts without receiving any airplay from the regular music television channels, such as MTV and TMF. Niels William's new marketing concept was based on promotion via children and cartoon channels such as Fox Kids.
Joining Studio 100 (2002-09)
In 2002, Niels William sold the band to Studio 100, a Flemish television production company for Dutch and Belgian children's programs.
Songs like "Heyah Mama", "I love you baby", "Alle Kleuren" (All colours), "Blub, ik ben een vis!" (Blub, I'm a fish!), "Tele-Romeo", "Toveren" (Magic), "Verliefd" (In love), "De 3 biggetjes" (The Three Little Piglets), "Oya lélé", "Hart verloren" (Lost heart), "Liefdeskapitein" (Captain of Love), "Kuma He", "Ya Ya Yippee", "Dokter Dokter" (Doctor doctor) and "Kusjesdag" (Kisses Day) were hits for the band. K3 has released nine albums. Their eighth album Ya Ya Yippee sold more than 50,000 copies in pre-sales within the Benelux. The ninth album, Kusjes (Kisses), sold 20,000.
K3 has a children's television program called De wereld van K3 (K3's World). Originally, there were Dutch and Flemish versions, but only the Dutch version remains.
On 10 June 2006, a party was held at Plopsaland, a popular theme park, to celebrate the tenth anniversary of Studio 100. At the event, the band members opened the K3 Museum which provides an overview of their career. There are interviews, clothes, and props from the films to be seen, including the air scooters from the film K3 en het Magische Medaillon (K3 and the magic medallion). Their gold and platinum certifications can also be seen.
The band has released several DVD's with video clips, musicals, films and with specially recorded footage like K3 in de Ardennen (K3 in the Ardennes).
In 2007, a team from Madame Tussauds in London took measurements of the band members for wax statues.
K3 unveiled these wax statues at Madame Tussauds Amsterdam on 4 July 2007.
On 10 May 2008, the band celebrated their 10-year anniversary with a new show 10 jaar K3 (10 years of K3). It was also celebrated in Plopsaland.
Line-up change (2009-10)
On Monday 23 March 2009 Kathleen announced her departure at a press conference. "It was a tough decision, after all, I gave the best years of my life to K3. People change and life is constantly in motion; I'm 30 now and after ten years it's time to move on". She made her last two appearances with K3 in June at a Studio 100 showcase at the Rotterdam Ahoy.
Karen and Kristel then searched for a replacement on television through a talent show called 'K2 zoekt K3' ('K2 searching for K3'). In the final episode, the Dutch Josje Huisman was chosen as the newest member of K3.
Further success (2010-14)
The first single with Huisman as part of the group, "MaMaSé!", became a smash hit, peaking at number one for six consecutive weeks in The Netherlands and for seven weeks in Belgium. It listed in the top three of both countries' year-end charts. The album of the same name entered the year-end album chart in both countries in 2009, 2010 and 2011. In 2010, K3 shot new episodes for their kids-talkshow (this time with Josje) and also started their own sitcom called "Hello K3", in which they portray fictional versions of themselves living in the same building and trying to balance a normal life with being superstars. This creates comic situations reminiscent of the television series The Monkees and also Friends. The first season of sitcom aired on television in fall 2010. A new single with the same name was also released on 15 September, on the album Eyo!. In 2011 they starred in the first 3D-musical in the world, based in Lewis Carrol's Alice in Wonderland. In 2012 they released their album Engeltjes (little angels) accompanied by their fourth movie K3 Bengeltjes. In 2013, they released their album Loko Le and their fifth movie K3 Dierenhotel (K3 Animalhotel).
In 2014 they also started a new unscripted TV-show, 'K3 kan het!' (K3 can do it!'), in which they travel through Belgium and the Netherlands to help children fulfill their dreams.
The new K3 (2015-2021)
On 18 March 2015 Damen, Verbeke and Huisman announced through a press conference that they were all leaving the group stating "since we started, we knew there would be a time which we would feel that it was the accurate moment to stop; well, that moment is now present". K3's label has announced that they'll look for new members in late 2015. A second audition television show, K3 Zoekt K3, premiered in autumn to find the new K3 members. On 6 November 2015 Hanne Verbruggen, Klaasje Meijer and Marthe De Pillecyn had been chosen as Karen, Kristel and Josje's successors (respectively) and would become the new K3.
Kristel Verbeke, one of the first members, was their manager for the first 2 years.
From autumn 2015, the old K3 and the new K3 went on tour together. For Karen, Kristel and Josje this was a farewell tour, for the new trio it was the start of their new career. The tour with double occupancy was a great success and was extended, there was also a special 'adult evening show' with standing room.
Hanne, Klaasje and Marthe's first release, "10.000 Luchtballonnen" topped the charts in Belgium and The Netherlands. Over 6 years the group released five more albums. In 2016, their own animated series De Avonturen van K3 (The adventures of K3) premiered. That same year there came a new children's television program called Iedereen K3 (Everyone K3). It was the successor to De wereld van K3 (K3's World). At the end of 2016, the special The Diary of K3 was released, in which K3 looks back on the past year. This was an annual tradition until 2018.
In 2017, K3 started vlogging, a new vlog is (usually) online on YouTube once every 2 weeks on Saturdays. That same year, the new K3 got their first movie called K3 Love Cruise and there was a special on VTM: Overal K3 (Everywhere K3), in which Hanne, Klaasje and Marthe showed more of themselves and talked about the impact of K3 on their private lives.
The fiction series "K3 Roller Disco", was released at 31 October 2018. It's a spin-off of "Hello K3", including a same character and actor from the sitcom. For the first time in history, K3 has started roller skating, which is reflected in the Roller Disco series, their video clip of the title song and on stage during their tour in 2018. From 2018, K3 became television judges/coaches on seasons four and five of the Flemish version of The Voice Kids.
In 2019, the band celebrated their 20th anniversary with a spectacular show with moving stands, stages and LED Walls. Includes a moving car, light-up outfits and more than 80 dancers. In May they opened their own roller coaster in Plopsaland named 'K3 Roller Skater' themed around their roller skates and their fiction series.
Initially, a new tour was planned to follow in the spring of 2020, but due to the corona crisis in Europe, this tour was postponed to the autumn of 2021. Responding to the crisis, K3 released a new version of their song 'Handjes draaien' (Turning hands) entitled 'Handjes wassen' (Wash hands) to children to explain a little about the crisis and provide them with some support.
That same year, Hanne, Klaasje and Marthe recorded their second cinema movie K3 Dans van de Farao (K3 Dance of the Pharaoh), entirely in style with the corona rules, which is noticeable in the movie. After postponement, the movie premiered in June 2021.
From 2020, K3 became part of the rhythm game series Just Dance. With their song '10.000 luchtballonnen' in Just Dance 2020 and in Just Dance 2021 'Dans van de Farao'.
Search for new member (2021)
On 9 February 2021 member Klaasje announced her departure from K3. "K3's life is fantastic, but I feel it's time now to spread my wings; just as there is a beginning and an end for everything, now the time has come for me to look further and broaden my horizons. I will miss Hanne and Marthe enormously". She fulfilled the 2021 group schedules up until the last quarter.
The label, Studio 100, announced a new member will be cast through a survival show similar to K2 zoekt K3 and K3 zoekt K3. For the first time, both sexes are qualified to join the group.
Members
Signatures
Former members
Temporary members
Diede van den Heuvel
K2 zoekt K3 finalist Diede van den Heuvel stood in for pregnant member Hanne Verbruggen during the remaining Dutch shows of the 2022 tour.
Marie Verhulst
During De Grote Sinterklaasshow in December 2022, Marie Verhulst sang for Hanne Verbruggen during the last song.
Timeline
Projects in other languages
In 2002, K3 recorded English, French and German-language versions of their third album, Tele-Romeo.
After K3 founder Niels William sold the act to Studio 100 in 2002, he moved to South Africa and started his own music studio. In March 2004, he launched X4, a four-member girl group that sang translations of K3 songs in Afrikaans and English. This group released Heyah Mama, which featured a single of the same name.
In May 2007, Studio 100 launched Wir 3, a German version of K3 which sang translated versions of K3 songs and emulated the original band's style by casting a redhead, a brunette, and a blonde (also German colors).
In October 2017, Studio 100 launched My3, a Polish version of K3 with production group Tako Media and television broadcaster Polsat.
Discography
Studio albums
Parels (1999)
Alle kleuren (2000)
Tele-Romeo (2001)
Verliefd (2002)
Oya lélé (2003)
De wereld rond (2004)
Kuma hé (2005)
Ya ya yippee (2006)
Kusjes (2007)
MaMaSé! (2009)
Eyo! (2011)
Engeltjes (2012)
Loko le (2013)
10.000 Luchtballonnen (2015)
Ushuaia (2016)
Love Cruise (2017)
Roller Disco (2018)
Dromen (2019)
Dans van de Farao (2020)
Waterval (2021)
Vleugels (2022)
Musicals
K3 has performed in several musicals. In Doornroosje (Sleeping Beauty), during 2002, they played three good fairies and in De 3 biggetjes (The Three Little Pigs) in 2003. They played the eponymous three pigs, Knirrie (Verbeke), Knarrie (Damen) and Knorrie (Aerts) and reprised these roles in 2007 for a tour of both Belgium and the Netherlands.
In 2011, they came back with a new musical, Alice In Wonderland with Josje Huisman, who had joined the group the previous year. The musical is the first live musical to use 3D projections. The production toured Belgium and the Netherlands in 2011.
In June 2023, it was announced that K3 will play the musical De 3 biggetjes for a third time in 2024.
Filmography
The members of K3 have also starred in several theatrical films and TV specials. They usually portray fictional versions of themselves, having all kind of adventures.
In 2004, they released their first theatrical movie, K3 en het Magische Medaillon (K3 and the magic medallion). The film premiered on 29 September 2004. In the film, Dutch television celebrity Paul de Leeuw played the genie.
In 2006, the second theatrical K3 movie, K3 en het IJsprinsesje (K3 and the little ice princess), was released. In this fairy tale film Carry Tefsen played the witch at the pancake house, Peter Faber played the king and famous Belgian comedian Urbanus played the wizard.
The third theatrical K3 movie, K3 en de Kattenprins (K3 and the Catprince) had its Dutch premiere on 20 December 2007.
On 12 December 2012 a fourth theatrical K3 movie, K3 Bengeltjes (K3 Little Dangles), was released in Belgium in the Netherlands. This was the first K3 movie without Kathleen, Josje's predecessor. The movie is connected to their sitcom, Hallo K3! (Hello K3!), and stars some of the same actors and characters.
On 12 February 2014 a fifth theatrical K3 movie, K3 Dierenhotel (K3 Animalhotel), was released in Belgium and the Netherlands. This is the second movie featuring Josje Huisman and also includes actors and characters from the sitcom.
On 9 December 2017 a sixth theatrical K3 movie, K3 Love Cruise, was released in Belgium and the Netherlands. It's the first movie of the new K3: Hanne, Klaasje and Marthe. Also this K3 movie features a few actors and characters from the sitcom, Hallo K3! (Hello K3!).
It was announced on 14 May 2020 that K3 will be filming the seventh K3 movie, Dans van de Farao (Dance of the Pharaoh). The original premiere was supposed to take place in December 2020, but it was postponed due to the corona measures. The movie finally premiered in the Netherlands on June 5 2021 and in Belgium on June 9 2021. This is the second movie of Hanne, Klaasje and Marthe, and features the regular cast of their fiction series, K3 Roller Disco.
Recordings of their musicals and concert shows are also available on DVD.
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Movies
|-
!Year
!Title
!Translation
!Remarks
|-
|2004
|K3 en het Magische Medaillon
|K3 and the magic medallion
|
|-
|2006
|K3 en het IJsprinsesje
|K3 and the Little Ice Princess
|
|-
|2006
|Piet Piraat en het vliegende schip
|Piet Pirate and the flying ship
|Voices of the carnivorous plants
|-
|2007
|K3 en de Kattenprins
|K3 and the Catprince
|
|-
|2012
|K3 Bengeltjes
|K3 Little Dangles
|
|-
|2014
|K3 Dierenhotel
|K3 Animalhotel
|
|-
|2017
|K3 Love Cruise
|
|
|-
|2020
|K3 Dans Van De Farao
|K3 Dance of the Pharaoh
|
|-
! colspan="4" |Shows
|-
!Year
!Title
!Translation
!Remarks
|-
|2000
|De wereld van K3
|The world of K3
|
|-
|2001
|Tele-Romeo Tour
|
|
|-
|2002
|Toveren Tour
|Magic tour
|
|-
|2003
|K3 in Wonderland
|
|
|-
|2004
|K3 de wereld rond
|K3 around the world
|
|-
|2005, 2012
|K3 in Ahoy
|K3 in Ahoy
|
|-
|2006
|K3 en het Heksenexamen
|K3 and the Witch's exam
|
|-
|2008
|K3 en het Toverhart
|K3 and the magic heart
|
|-
|2009
|MaMaSé!
|
|
|-
|2010
|K3 en de Wondermachine
|K3 and the Wonder Machine
|
|-
|2013
|K3 Verjaardagsshow 15 jaar
|K3 Birthday Show 15 years
|
|-
|2014-2015
|K3 Kan Het! Show
|K3 can do it! Show
|
|-
|2015-2016
|Afscheidstour
|Farewell tour
|Show with the old K3 and the new K3 together
|-
|2017
|K3 in de ruimte
|K3 in space
|
|-
|2018
|K3 Vlindershow
|K3 Butterfly Show
|
|-
|2019
|K3 Verjaardagsshow 20 jaar
|K3 Birthday Show 20 years
|
|-
|2021
|K3 Dromenshow
|K3 Dream Show
|The farewell of Klaasje Meijer
|-
|2022
|Kom erbij!
|Join us!
|The entrance of Julia Boschman
|-
|2023
|Vleugels
|Wings
|
|-
! colspan="4" |Musical
|-
!Year
!Title
!Translation
!Remarks
|-
|2002
|Doornroosje
|Sleeping Beauty
|As the Three Good Fairies
|-
|2003, 2007
|De 3 biggetjes
|The three piglets
|As The Three Little Pigs
|-
|2011
|Alice in Wonderland
|
|
|-
! colspan="4" |Television
|-
!Year
!Title
!Translation
!Remarks
|-
|2000, 2002
|Samson en Gert
|Samson and Gert
|Episode 'K3 op bezoek' and 'K3 komt niet'''
|-
|2003-2009
2010-2013
|De wereld van K3|The world of K3
|
|-
|2009, 2021
|K2 Zoekt K3|K2 searching for K3
|Search of the successor of Kathleen Aerts (2009) and Klaasje Meijer (2021)
|-
|2010-2012
|Hallo K3!|Hello K3!
|Comedy series
|-
|2014-2015
|K3 Kan Het!
|K3 can do it!
|Wish series
|-
|2015
|K3 Zoekt K3|K3 searching for K3
|Search of the new K3
|-
|2015
|Dit is K3!|This is K3!
|Reality series
|-
|2016
|Wij zijn K3!|We are K3!
|Documentary series
|-
|2016
|De Avonturen van K3|The Adventures of K3
|Animated series
|-
|2016-2017
|Iedereen K3|Everyone K3
|
|-
|2016-2017
|K3 Dansstudio|K3 Dance Studio
|K3 teaches the viewer the dances of their greatest hits
|-
|2018
|De tafel van K3|The table of K3
|K3 invites various guests and also answers viewer questions
|-
|2018-2020
2022
|The Voice Kids (Flemish)
|
|As judges/coaches
|-
|2018-2020
|K3 Roller Disco|
|Fiction series
|-
|2020
|K3 Roller Disco Club|
|Spin-off of the fiction series
|-
|2021
|K3, een nieuw begin|K3, a new begin
|Reality series
|-
|2022
|K3, een nieuwe start|K3, a new start
|Documentary series
|-
|2022
|K3 Vriendenboek|K3 Friendship book
|Wish series
|-
|2022
|K3, één jaar later|K3, one year later
|K3 looks back on the first year with Julia
|-
|2023
|The Best Singers (Liefde voor muziek, België)|Love for Music, Belgium
|As participating artists
|-
|2023
|Team K3|
|Documentary series
|-
! colspan="4" |Specials
|-
!Year
!Title
!Translation
!Remarks
|-
|2002
|K3 in Zwitserland|K3 in Switzerland
|
|-
|2003
|K3 in de Ardennen|K3 in the Ardennes
|
|-
|2006
|K3 in de sneeuw|K3 in the snow
|
|-
|2010
|K3 en het wensspel|K3 and the wish game
|
|-
|2011
|K3 en het droombed|K3 and the dream bed
|
|-
|2012
|K3 Modemeiden|K3 Fashion girls
|
|-
|2014
|K3 in Nederland|K3 in the Netherlands
|
|-
|2015-2016
|Welkom bij K3!|Welcome to K3!
|The new K3 looks back on the best moments of Karen, Kristel and Kathleen/Josje
|-
|2016
|Het dagboek van K3 2016|The diary of K3 2016
|Hanne, Klaasje and Marthe look back on their first year as K3
|-
|2017
|Overal K3|Everywhere K3
|K3 looks back on VTM over the past 2 years. With guests, live music and candid conversations
|-
|2017
|Het dagboek van K3 2017|The diary of K3 2017
|K3 looks back on the second year in 2017
|-
|2018
|Het dagboek van K3 2018|The diary of K3 2018
|K3 looks back on the third year in 2018
|-
|2020
|Just Dance 2020
|
|With the single '10.000 luchtballonnen'
|-
|2021
|Just Dance 2021
|
|With the single 'Dans van de farao'
|-
|2022
|Just Dance 2022
|
|With the single 'Waterval'
|-
|2023
|Just Dance 2023
|
|With the single 'Vleugels'
|-
|2023
|Een terugblik op 25 jaar K3|A look back at 25 years of K3
|Marthe and Julia look back together on the history of 25 years of K3
|}
References
External links
Official site K3 (Dutch)
K3-lyrics Songtexts of K3
Alistair MacLean, K3, flanderstoday.eu'', 21 October 2009
Belgian pop music groups
Dutch girl groups
Musical groups established in 1998
Sony BMG artists
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] |
25202815
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aechmea%20caesia
|
Aechmea caesia
|
Aechmea caesia is a plant species in the genus Aechmea. This species is endemic to the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
Cultivars
Aechmea 'Sarah'
References
caesia
Flora of Brazil
Plants described in 1889
|
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] |
39642738
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ip%20Man%20%28TV%20series%29
|
Ip Man (TV series)
|
Ip Man is a 2013 Chinese television series romanticizing the life of Ip Man (Mandarin: Ye Wen), a Chinese martial artist specialising in Wing Chun.
Background
Directed by Fan Xiaotian, the series starred Kevin Cheng, who briefly appeared as a younger Ip Man in Ip Man: The Final Fight (2013) which starred Anthony Wong as a middle-aged Ip Man. Han Xue, Liu Xiaofeng, Chrissie Chau, Song Yang, Yu Rongguang, Yuen Wah and Bruce Leung were cast in supporting roles. Wilson Yip, the director of the Ip Man film series (starring Donnie Yen), and Taiwanese television series producer Young Pei-pei served as the artistic consultants. The real-life Ip Man's sons, Ip Chun and Ip Ching, were invited to be the martial arts consultants for the series. The series was shot from July to November 2012 in Kunshan, Suzhou, and was first aired on Shandong TV from 24 February to 9 March 2013. It won the Golden Eagle Award for Best Television Series in 2012.
Cast
Kevin Cheng as Ip Man
Zhou Jianan as Ye Wen (young)
Han Xue as Zhang Yongcheng
Liu Xiaofeng as Lin Qingshan
Zang Zhizhong as Lin Qingshan (young)
Chrissie Chau as Jenny
Song Yang as Si
Han Zhenhua as Ye Wen's father
Zhang Ruijia as Ye Wen's mother
Chen Hongjin as Ye Zhun
Yu Rongguang as Yu Fengjiu
Yuen Wah as Chen Huashun
Bruce Leung as Liang Bi
Bryan Leung as Master Hong
Jiang Kai as Fu Zhengyun
Yu Hai as Tong Zhanpeng
Kou Zhenhai as Zhang Yintang
Pu Chaoying as landlady
Liu Yajin as postman
Liu Xianchen as Zhang Yongsheng
Yuan Bingyan as Qiu Jianyun
Xu Xiangdong as Jiang Sheng
Li Qingxiang as Lu Changyi
Liu Hailong as Yan Chunlai
Wang Weiguo as Marshal Zhu
Mou Fengbin as Guimen Longyi / Guimen Long'er
Yu Yankai as Brother Lu
Yang Qianli as Yan Dong
Zhou Zhong as Mo Renchao
Production
There was fierce competition among many companies over the rights to the production of a television series about Ip Man since Wilson Yip's movies Ip Man and Ip Man 2 (starring Donnie Yen) came into the limelight. Around June 2012, Suzhou Funa Films and Television acquired the rights to produce the television series. Fan Xiaotian, who previously directed many Chinese television series, was selected as the director, while Hong Kong screenwriter Charcoal Tan was chosen to write the script. Wilson Yip and Taiwanese producer Young Pei-pei served as artistic consultants while the real-life Ip Man's sons, Ip Chun and Ip Ching, were invited to be martial arts consultants for the series.
Shooting for Ip Man began in July 2012 and finalized in around November.
After the release of Ip Man, BBC UKChina conducted a telephone interview with Fan Xiaotian about the television series. Fan mentioned that the earlier Ip Man films were too short, and that his purpose in creating the television series was to present a more developed and lively story about Ip Man which allows audiences to explore the character in greater depth. He also felt it was a very opportune time to produce a television series about Ip Man because Wilson Yip's Ip Man movies were very successful and influential, and also because Wong Kar-wai was making The Grandmaster when Ip Man (TV series) was in production.
Fan Xiaotian and Young Pei-pei were keen on recruiting actor Vincent Zhao, who has a background in martial arts, to play the lead character. Taking some netizens' opinions and suggestions into account, the production team also considered casting Han Geng, Wu Chun, Wallace Chung and Wallace Huo in the series. However, the role of Ip Man eventually went to Hong Kong TVB artiste Kevin Cheng. Han Xue was chosen to portray Ip Man's wife Cheung Wing-sing (Mandarin: Zhang Yongcheng). Other cast members include Liu Xiaofeng, Chrissie Chau, Yu Rongguang, Yuen Wah, Bruce Leung, Song Yang and Kou Zhenhai.
In September 2012, the cast and crew of Ip Man appeared at a publicity event in Suzhou to promote the television series.
Broadcasts
Home Media
The full Ip Man series is available in Mandarin, with Mandarin subtitles, on popular free video streaming sites in the US.
The first ten episodes of this 50 episode series was released by Cinedigm in North American, on DVD and Blu-ray on October 10, 2017. The 45 minute episodes feature Mandarin audio with English subtitles.
See also
The Legend Is Born – Ip Man
References
External links
Ip Man (TV series) official page on Sina.com
2013 Chinese television series debuts
Martial arts television series
TVB dramas
Television shows set in Guangdong
Cultural depictions of Ip Man
Chinese period television series
Chinese action television series
|
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] |
29998619
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hue%E2%80%93Da%20Nang%20Campaign
|
Hue–Da Nang Campaign
|
The Hue–Da Nang Campaign was a series of military actions conducted by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) against the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) during the Vietnam War, also known in Vietnam as the American War. The campaign was centred on the cities of Huế (Thừa Thiên-Huế Province) and Da Nang (Quảng Nam Province), with secondary fronts in the provinces of Quảng Trị and Quảng Ngãi. The campaign began on March 5 and concluded on April 2, 1975.
During the spring season of 1975, the PAVN High Command in Hanoi made the decision to seize the major South Vietnamese cities of Huế and Da Nang, and also destroy the various South Vietnamese units in I Corps Tactical Zone, led by ARVN General Ngô Quang Trưởng. Originally, the campaign was planned to take place over two phases; during the seasons of spring-summer and autumn. However, as the North Vietnamese forces rolled over South Vietnamese defences on the outskirts of Huế and Da Nang, President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu ordered General Trưởng to abandon all territories under his control, and pull his forces back to the coastal areas of I Corps. The South Vietnamese withdrawal quickly turned into a rout, as the PAVN 2nd Army Corps picked off one South Vietnamese unit after another, until Huế and Da Nang were completely surrounded. By March 29, 1975, PAVN troops had full control of Huế and Da Nang, while South Vietnam lost all territories and most of the units belonging to I Corps.
The fall of Huế and Da Nang did not spell the end of the misery suffered by the ARVN. On March 31, ARVN General Phạm Văn Phú—commander of II Corps Tactical Zone—attempted to form a new defensive line from Qui Nhơn to cover the retreat of the ARVN 22nd Infantry Division, but they too were destroyed by the PAVN. By April 2, South Vietnam had lost control of the northern provinces, as well as two army corps.
Background
North Vietnam
During the Huế–Da Nang Campaign of 1975, North Vietnamese and Viet Cong (VC) forces were organised into three formations; the PAVN 2nd Corps, Tri Thien Military Zone, and Military Region 5 Command. The 2nd Corps fielded three infantry divisions (304th, 324B and 325C Divisions), the 673rd Air-Defence Division, the 164th Artillery Brigade, the 203rd Armoured Regiment, the 219th Combat Engineers Brigade, and the 463rd Communications Regiment. The 2nd Corps was led by Major-General Nguyễn Hữu An, with Major-General Le Linh as Political Commissar. Colonel Hoang Dan was the deputy commander, and Colonel Nguyen Cong Trang was the deputy political commissar.
Led by Brigadier-General Lê Tự Đồng, the Tri Thien Military Zone had three infantry regiments (4th, 46th and 271st Regiments), and two battalions (the 21st Independent Battalion and the 6th Local Force Battalion). Military Region 5 had one infantry division (2nd Division), which was supported by the 141st Regiment (from the 3rd Division), the 52nd Independent Brigade, two artillery regiments (368th and 572nd Artillery Regiments), two local battalions (70th and 72nd Local Force Battalions), and two local regiments (94th and 96th Local Force Regiments). North Vietnamese and Viet Cong units of Military Region 5 were placed under the responsibility of Major-General Chu Huy Mân, with Vo Chi Cong as political commissar.
Objectives
Tri Thien
On February 21, 1975, PAVN field commanders from Tri-Thien Military Zone and the 2nd Army Corps held a conference to establish their objectives, which were planned to occur in two phases; the spring-summer phase that would begin in March and probably conclude in May, and the autumn phase to last from July to August 1975. The PAVN objective was to take control of Quảng Trị Province, isolate the city of Huế and, if the opportunity presented itself, capture the entire Tri Thien-Huế area. To isolate Huế, the PAVN 2nd Army Corps would move against their target from the north-west direction along Route 12 down to the south-west along Highway 14, thereby isolating the region from South Vietnamese forces in II Corps Tactical Zone.
In preparation for the Huế–Da Nang Campaign, the PAVN 2nd Army Corps had successfully captured several important base areas that surrounded South Vietnamese units in Quảng Trị Province and Thừa Thiên Province. Those areas included Đông Hà–Ái Tử to the north, Khe Sanh-Ba Long to the west, and A Lưới-Nam Dong in southern Huế. The main body of the 304th Division and the 3rd Regiment, 324th Division, had assembled in Nong Son and Thường Đức to attack Da Nang from the west. In Military Region 5, the 2nd Division had established its positions in Tiên Phước, Tra My and Trà Bồng in Quảng Ngãi Province, and Đắk Tô and Tân Cảnh in Kon Tum Province.
Quảng Tin-Quảng Ngãi
Once Huế had been isolated, Military Region 5 Command would initiate the Tin-Ngai Campaign from the provinces of Quảng Tin and Quảng Ngãi, to isolate Da Nang from the Central Highlands. PAVN units such as the 2nd Division, the 141st Regiment, the 52nd Brigade, along with two artillery regiments (368th and 572nd Artillery Regiments) would coordinate their efforts with the VC 94th and 96th Local Force Regiments, and the 70th and 72nd Local Force Battalions. As part of their overall objective, they would tie down the ARVN 2nd Division, the 11th Armoured Squadron and the 912th Regional Force Company in Quảng Ngãi Province, and, if the opportunity arose, they would also capture Bình Định Province and the city of Qui Nhơn.
Da Nang
In the final phase of their operation, the PAVN and VC would cut off Da Nang from the surrounding regions which made up I Corps Tactical Zone, and prevent reinforcements from retaking the city. Then, depending on the situation, the PAVN would organize an attack to capture the major South Vietnamese army, navy and air force installations in the city.
South Vietnam
South Vietnamese military forces in Huế and Da Nang belonged to the ARVN I Corps Tactical Zone. Commanded by Lieutenant General Ngô Quang Trưởng, the South Vietnamese I Corps was considered to be the strongest amongst all the military formations of South Vietnam. It had three infantry divisions (1st, 2nd and 3rd Infantry Divisions), the Airborne Division (led by Major General Le Quang Luong), the Marine Division (led by Major General Bui The Lan) and the 11th, 12th, 14th and 15th Ranger Groups. The Airborne and Marine Divisions each had an assigned strength of four brigades. In addition to the infantry units, there were also the 5th Armoured Brigade, five squadrons of armored vehicles (4th, 7th, 11th, 17th and 20th Armored Squadrons), 13 armored companies, and 21 artillery battalions.
Local defense in I Corps was provided by 50 battalions and five companies of Regional and Popular Forces, and six companies of military police. Support for ground forces in the area came in the form of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) 1st Air Force Division (commanded by Brigadier-General Nguyen Van Khanh), with two Republic of Vietnam Navy squadrons operating on the coast and another two along the rivers. Overall, I Corps fielded about 134,000 soldiers; 84,000 were regular soldiers and 50,000 belonged to the Regional and Popular Forces. Those forces were equipped with 449 tanks and armored vehicles, 418 artillery pieces, 64 M42 Duster light air-defense weapons, 373 aircraft of different types, and 165 naval vessels of different sizes.
Defensive strategy
In combination with the ‘Ly Thuong Kiet Military Plan’ and experiences gained during the North Vietnamese Easter Offensive, Lieutenant General Ngô Quang Trưởng organised the defenses of I Corps into three phases, to be staged from three different areas.
Defensive phases
The first phase, known as the ‘orange phase’, was considered to be the most important because it provided South Vietnamese units in I Corps with a platform to stop enemy attacks, and even attack them if necessary. To accomplish the objectives of the ‘orange phase’, General Trưởng placed several elite combat units such as the Ranger groups and armoured forces on constant combat alert. The second phase, known as the ‘green phase’, was designed to delay enemy forces and buy more time for the South Vietnamese to regroup in order to stage a counter-attack, in the scenario that enemy forces managed to overcome the ‘orange phase’. In the final phase, or the ‘blue phases’, require South Vietnamese units to secure their areas of defence, then destroy and push enemy forces out of I Corps.
Areas of defence
General Trưởng's areas of defence were centred on Tri Thien-Huế, Da Nang, and Quảng Nam-Quảng Ngãi.
Tri Thien-Huế
The task of holding Tri Thien and Huế was entrusted to the 1st Division, the 4th and 15th Ranger Groups, the 913th and 914th Regional Forces Companies, the 17th and 20th Armoured Squadrons, 10 artillery battalions, one squadron of helicopters, two squadrons of reconnaissance aircraft, and one coastal patrol squadron. Those forces were commanded by Lieutenant-General Lâm Quang Thi.
Nam-Da Nang
Da Nang was under the direct responsibility of Lieutenant-General Ngô Quang Trưởng. It was home of the 3rd Division, the 4th and 7th Armoured Squadrons, the 11th and 14th Ranger Groups, the 911th Regional Force Company, the 1st Air Force Division, one coastal patrol squadron and two riverine squadrons.
Quảng Tin-Quảng Ngãi
Quảng Tin and Quảng Ngãi was held by the 2nd Division, the 12th Ranger Group, the 11th Armoured Squadron, three artillery battalions, the 912th Regional Force Company, one coastal patrol squadron and one riverine squadron. Brigadier-General Trần Văn Nhựt commanded the 3rd Infantry Division, and all other units in Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi.
Prelude
On March 5, 1975, the PAVN 2nd Army Corps officially commenced its campaign against South Vietnamese forces of I Corps. The opening shots of the campaign was marked by an attack on South Vietnamese military convoys on the Hai Van Pass and the destruction of An Lo Bridge on Highway 1, located north of Huế. Positions held by the ARVN 913th Regional Force at Dong Ong Do and Hill 368 also came under attack, as Phu Bai Airbase was subjected to intense artillery bombardment. While the South Vietnamese were busy dealing with those attacks, General Nguyen Huu An secretly redeployed the 325th Division and the 9th Regiment of the 304th Division, from Quảng Trị towards Huế in the south. The 46th and 271st Regiments then moved into positions previously held by the 325th Division and 9th Regiment. In order to fool South Vietnamese intelligence agencies, the North Vietnamese moved tank and artillery units to Cua Viet, Thanh Hoi and Ai Tu to cover their main thrust.
Between March 6 and 7, the VC 4th Local Force Battalion assaulted and overran Mai Linh and 11 other surrounding military sub-sectors in Quảng Trị Province. On the following day, General Lâm requested reinforcements from General Trưởng in Da Nang, as a response to PAVN attacks in his area of control. Meanwhile, the PAVN 2nd Army Corps continued their onslaught, with the 324th Division launching attacks on South Vietnamese positions on Núi Bong () and Núi Mô Tau () and on Hills 75, 76, 224 (), 273 () and 303 all located near Phú Lộc, south of Huế and north of the Hai Van Pass.
By March 10, the 1st Battalion, 54th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division was destroyed on Hills 224 and 273; the ARVN 47th Armoured Squadron was overrun by the PAVN 1st Regiment, 324th Division, on Mount Nghe; and the ARVN 113th Regional Force Battalion conceded Pho Lai to the PAVN 4th Regiment, which was supported by the 223rd Artillery Regiment. General Thi then ordered the 15th Ranger Group and the 2nd Battalion, 54th Infantry Regiment, with support from the 27th and 37th Tank Squadrons, to mount a counter-attack on Hill 224. Over the period of one week, both sides fired over 8,000 rounds of artillery shells on Hill 224, and the RVNAF conducted over 60 bombing sorties in an attempt to halt the advances of the PAVN 2nd Corps.
On March 13, amidst heavy fighting in the northern provinces, General Trưởng flew to Saigon for a meeting with President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. In this meeting, President Thiệu outlined his decision to abandon most of the provinces in I Corps, and ordered General Trưởng to withdraw his forces towards the coastal regions of central Vietnam instead. In addition, the Airborne Division would be redeployed to the Mekong Delta region, where it could protect the nation's capital. Unwilling to concede the northern provinces to the enemy, General Trưởng tried unsuccessfully to convince President Thiệu to reverse his decision in the belief that he could hold onto I Corps, and recapture lost territories by using the Airborne and Marine Corps Divisions. After he returned to his headquarters that afternoon, General Trưởng decided to redeploy his forces instead of carrying out President Thiệu's order straightaway, for several reasons. Firstly, he wanted to convince the President that most South Vietnamese units were still intact and that they still had the time to recapture lost territories, and secondly, General Trưởng did not want to create confusion amongst his subordinates, when the military situation in I Corps was still under control.
Thus, General Trưởng reorganised his defences in order to deal with the threat posed by PAVN formations located south of I Corps; he designated Da Nang to be the main centre of South Vietnamese defence in I Corps, with Tri Thien in the north, and with Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi in the south. To make up for the loss of the Airborne Division, General Trưởng ordered the 369th Marine Brigade to replace the 3rd Airborne Brigade in Quảng Nam Province, and the 258th Marine Brigade to take over from the 2nd Airborne Brigade on Mount Phu Gia, located north of Hai Van.
Meanwhile, between March 13 and 15, the PAVN 6th Regiment launched several attacks on Chuc Meo, La Son, Hill 300 and Hill 511 located west of Huế, forcing elements of the ARVN 1st Infantry Division to pull back towards Dong Tranh and Binh Dien.
On March 17, the PAVN High Command predicted that South Vietnamese units could withdraw into the cities of Huế and Da Nang, so the following orders were issued to PAVN field commanders: General Lê Tự Đồng's forces were to capture Phu Bai Air Base to prevent aerial transportation, and cut off a section of Highway 1 north of Huế, and General Nguyen Huu An's 2nd Army Corps must secure Highway 1 south of the city, with the aim of isolating both Huế and Da Nang from the rest of the country.
On the following day, General Dong's forces staged their attacks from two main directions, from Thanh Hoi and Tich Tuong-Nhu Le, moving along Route 68 and National Highway 1 respectively. The 2nd Corps, on the other hand, assaulted South Vietnamese positions in Phu Loc and Phu Gia.
By 8:30 pm on the evening of March 18, most of northern Quảng Trị was under North Vietnamese control. ARVN Colonel Do Ky, also the provincial chief of Quảng Trị Province, tried to lead what was left of his troops back to Huế but was pursued by the North Vietnamese along National Highway 1 until they reached An Lo.
As the fighting in Quảng Trị unfolded, General Trưởng flew back from Saigon where he tried to obtain approval from President Thiệu for his new defensive plan, and hastily reorganised South Vietnamese defences in the northern regions of I Corps. Subsequently, General Trưởng sent out the following orders: the 480th Marine Brigade to leave Da Nang and to guard the north-western flank of Huế; the 1st Infantry Division, the 15th Ranger Group and the 7th Tank Squadron to protect south-western Huế; and the 258th Marine Brigade and the 914th Regional Force Battalion were to secure a section of Highway 1 which connected Huế with Da Nang.
Battle
Fall of Huế
While General Trưởng was still busy reorganising South Vietnamese units in I Corps, on March 20 the Tri Thien Command finalised their plan to capture Huế, with the objective of preventing South Vietnamese forces from regrouping there. At 2:30 pm on the same day, President Thiệu phoned the ARVN I Corps Headquarters and ordered General Trưởng to defend only Da Nang due to the lack of resources. Beginning at 5:40 am on March 21, the PAVN 325th and 324th Divisions attacked South Vietnamese units positioned astride Highway 1. At the same time, elements of the K5 Special Forces Battalion destroyed Thua Luu Bridge, which connected a stretch of road on Highway 1 between Huế and Da Nang, forcing thousands of South Vietnamese civilian and military vehicles heading towards Da Nang to turn back. The ARVN 20th Tank Squadron was then sent out to reopen Highway 1, but was defeated by the PAVN 203rd Armoured Regiment.
In light of the worsening military situation on the evening of March 22, General Trưởng authorised General Thi to pull his forces back to Da Nang. However, as the main roads were blocked by the PAVN, General Thi's only option was to use a coastal corridor between Thuận An and Tu Hien, and board transport vessels belonging to the 106th Navy Squadron and head back to Da Nang.
On the morning of March 23, the PAVN 324th Division advanced through Hill-303 and Núi Mô Tau, and assaulted northern Phu Loc, while the PAVN 325th Division captured Mui Ne, Phuoc Tuong, and encircled Tu Hien located south of Huế. In the north, the VC 4th, 46th and 271st Regiments pursued a retreating South Vietnamese formation consisted of the 147th Marine Brigade, the 14th Ranger Group, 5th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division and the 17th Armoured Squadron, heading towards Thuận An. At 4.30 pm on March 23, the PAVN 101st Regiment, 325th Division overran Luong Dien and surrounded Phu Bai Air Base, to close the main corridor leading into Huế from the south. Simultaneously, the VC 46th Regiment destroyed South Vietnamese defences on Bo River, captured the districts of Quang Dien, Quang Loi and Hương Can and secured the main roads on the outskirts of northern Huế.
Between March 24 and 25, the PAVN 3rd and 101st Regiments continued their drive towards Huế, after they successfully captured Phu Bai Air Base. At the same time, the 1st Regiment, 324th Division along with the VC 4th and 271st Regiments were able to destroy the last elements of the 147th Marine Brigade and the 15th Ranger Group, before they could board navy vessels anchored off the shores of Hương Thuy, Luong Thien and Ke Sung and Cu Lai.
By the evening of March 25, the PAVN had secured all major points surrounding Huế, and South Vietnamese units that failed to escape were completely surrounded. Consequently, the PAVN claimed to have captured large numbers of South Vietnamese prisoners and military hardware. In all, a total of 58,722 South Vietnamese soldiers became prisoners of war, with one colonel and 18 lieutenant-colonels amongst the ranks, as well as about 14,000 South Vietnamese government officials and employees, who reported to the PAVN authorities. The South Vietnamese military in Huế also surrendered vast quantities of weaponry, which included 140 tanks and armoured vehicles.
Tin-Ngai Campaign
Beginning at 4:30 am on March 10, PAVN and VC forces proceeded to capture the following targets: the PAVN 38th Regiment overran the highpoints of Nui Vu, Nui Ngoc, Duong Con, Soui Da and Nui Vy; the 36th Regiment destroyed South Vietnamese strong points at Trung Lien, Mount Da, Mount Khong ten, Ho Bach and Hill-215; the VC ‘Ba Gia’ Regiment held their positions on Hill-269 and Hill-310, to stop South Vietnamese counter-attacks from Tuan Duong; while the 52nd Independent Brigade captured Go Han, Phuoc Tien, Duong Ong Luu, Duong Huế, Nui My, Hon Nhon, Deo Lieu, and Mount Đất Đỏ. Thus, 23 positions held by units of the ARVN 12th Ranger Groups were captured after four hours of fighting.
At 9:00 am on March 10, PAVN soldiers of the 368th Artillery Regiment dragged 12 pieces of artillery which included 85mm, 105mm and 122mm guns onto the top of Nui Vu and Han Thon, and aimed their guns directly on Hill 211 and the administrative centre of Tien Phuoc, to support the 31st Regiment attacking those areas. At 1:30 pm, following two failed counter-attacks, South Vietnamese units in Phuoc Lam deserted from the battlefield. In the meantime, however, South Vietnamese troops in Tien Phuoc held their ground with support from two A-37 bombers, after South Vietnamese commanders on the ground had called for reinforcement from Chu Lai. By 4:00 pm, Tien Phuoc was captured by the PAVN 2nd Division.
Due to the loss of Tien Phuoc and Phouc Lam, the ARVN 916th Regional Force Battalion retreated from the area. Thus, Tam Kỳ, the capital of Quảng Tin Province, was threatened to be overrun by the PAVN.
On March 11, General Trưởng ordered General Nhựt to mobilise the 2nd Division, the 12th Ranger Group, elements of the 11th Armoured Squadron and one regional force battalion to mount a counter-attack from Tuan Duong to Cam Khe and Duong Con. General Trưởng also ordered the ARVN 2nd Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division to depart from Da Nang, and protect Tam Kỳ, so that General Nhựt's forces could be freed up to fight the PAVN.
However, between March 14 and 15, the ARVN 2nd Infantry Regiment was forced to turn back from Tam Kỳ to deal with an attack on Thang Binh, by the VC 70th and 72nd Local Force Battalions. In southern Quảng Ngãi, the VC 94th Local Force Regiment attacked Binh Son, cut off a section of Highway 1 near Chau O, and the ARVN 4th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division was pinned down trying to deal with VC attacks. Thus, South Vietnamese attempts to stage an effective counter-attack were quickly blunted by the combined PAVN/VC forces in Quảng Ngãi Province. Recognising that he no longer had the manpower to mount a counter-attack, General Nhựt ordered his troops to abandon Tra Bong and Son Ha, and concentrate his units in Tam Kỳ and Chu Lai instead.
Following the failed counter-attack, South Vietnamese forces in I Corps were further weakened when President Thiệu pulled the Airborne Division back to Saigon. Now that the South Vietnamese 2nd Infantry Division and the 12th Ranger Group was overstretched between Quảng Ngãi and Hội An, with Tam Kỳ only defended by the ARVN 5th Infantry Regiment and one battalion from the ARVN 4th Infantry Regiment, PAVN General Chu Huy Mân decided to utilise the advantage to capture Tam Kỳ. Beginning at 5:30 am on March 21, the PAVN 2nd Division attacked Suoi Da, the last South Vietnamese outpost outside Tam Kỳ. At around 12:00 noon, ARVN General Nhựt ordered the rest of the 4th Infantry Regiment out from Quảng Ngãi in an attempt to hold Tam Kỳ, so South Vietnamese defences in that province was further weakened. Again, taking advantage of the situation, General Mân ordered the 52nd Independent Brigade and the 94th Local Force Regiment to attack Quảng Ngãi. By 7:00 am on March 24, the cities of Tam Kỳ and Quảng Ngãi were simultaneously attacked by PAVN/VC forces. In Tam Kỳ, the ARVN 4th and 5th Infantry Regiments were destroyed after two hours of heavy fighting, while the 37th and 39th Ranger Battalions (from the ARVN 12th Ranger Group) in the outskirts of the city simply fled from the battlefield. At 10:00 am on March 24, PAVN and VC soldiers of the 2nd Division, the ‘Ba Gia’ Regiment, and the 31st Regiment successfully captured Tam Kỳ.
In Quảng Ngãi, the PAVN 52nd Independent Brigade, with support from two special forces battalions as well as tanks and armoured vehicles from the 574th Regiment, rolled over South Vietnamese defences. At around 2:00 pm, the surviving elements of the ARVN 6th Infantry Regiment, the rest of the 12th Ranger Group and the 4th Tank Squadron was ambushed by the VC 94th Local Force Regiment along Highway 1 when they tried to retreat towards Chu Lai without a fight. As a result, over 600 South Vietnamese soldiers were killed, and around 3,500 others were captured. At 11:30 pm on March 24, the PAVN was in full control of Quảng Ngãi City. O
On March 25, 1975, the Tin-Ngai Campaign concluded with PAVN/VC forces in full control of Quảng Tin and Quảng Ngai Provinces, leaving Da Nang as the only major city in I Corps still held by the South Vietnamese.
As such, out of the 44 provinces in South Vietnam, 10 were occupied by the PAVN, and three ARVN infantry divisions were rendered ineffective. In addition, the elite ARVN 147th Marines Brigade ceased to exist as a fighting force.
Fall of Da Nang
South Vietnamese dispositions
By 1975, Da Nang had become the second largest city in South Vietnam, with close to a million inhabitants. It was a major economic and political centre in I Corps, and was home to the largest military installations which incorporated the South Vietnamese army, navy and air force. Logistically, the military infrastructure within the city could hold thousands of tons of weaponry, ammunition, food supplies and other essential war materials. It also had four large seaports, and major airports at Da Nang and Nuoc Man. So, on March 25, following the loss of Quảng Trị, Thừa Thiên, Quảng Nam and Quảng Ngãi, President Thiệu ordered South Vietnamese commanders at all levels to hold what was left of I Corps until the very end. On March 26, General Trưởng gathered what was left of his units, about 75,000 soldiers, and organised them into the following order:
Outer Defensive Line: The 258th Marines Brigade and the 914th Regional Force Battalion to hold all areas between Phuoc Tuong and Lien Chieu. The 369th Marines Brigade and the 57th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Infantry Division were to protect Dai Loc and Dong Lam. The surviving elements of the 147th Marines Brigade and the Marine Division Headquarters would hold Nuoc Man airfield. Meanwhile, the remnants of the 3rd Infantry Division would hold Vinh Dien and Ninh Que, while the 15th Ranger Group held Ba Ren.
Inner Defensive Line: The 912th Regional Force Battalion, and the last elements of the 11th and 20th Armoured Squadrons held Phuoc Tuong-Hoa My. The last three battalions of the 1st Infantry Division, the 2nd Infantry Division, the 12th Ranger Group, and about 3,000 freshly trained soldiers from the Hoa Cam Training Camp were ordered to defend all key areas between Hoa Cam and Nuoc Man. All independent Regional and Popular Force battalions were placed in reserve, and could go into combat when required.
General Trưởng also had 12 artillery battalions at his disposal, as well as the 1st Air Force Division based at Da Nang and Nuoc Man, which were still intact despite the early clashes in I Corps.
North Vietnamese plan of attack
Following the conclusion of the Tri Thien and Tin-Ngai Campaigns, the PAVN High Command ordered General Lê Trọng Tấn to journey south from Hanoi and personally take charge of the Da Nang Campaign. Subsequently, on March 25, the North Vietnamese came up with a plan to attack Da Nang from four directions:
North: The 325th Division (without the 95th Regiment), with support from one tank battalion and one artillery battalion, were ordered to advance along Highway 1 and capture the ARVN 1st Brigade Headquarters, the South Vietnamese 1st Air Force Division at Da Nang, and then move on to the Son Tra Peninsula to capture the main seaport there.
North-West: The 9th Regiment, 304th Division, with support from one tank battalion, one artillery battalion and one anti-aircraft gun battalion, were ordered to advance along Highway 14B, and capture the ARVN 3rd Infantry Division Headquarters at Phuoc Tuong, and then move on to Da Nang Air Base.
South & South-East: The 2nd Division, with support from one artillery unit (the 36th Artillery Regiment), one artillery battalion, one tank-armoured vehicles battalion, one anti-aircraft gun battalion, and one anti-tank weapons company, were ordered to take Da Nang Air Base and the ARVN 1st Brigade Headquarters, then capture the city itself. The 3rd and 68th Regiments were placed in reserve.
South-West: The 2nd Corps (without the 9th Regiment, 304th Division) was ordered to take all positions held by the 369th Marine Brigade along the defensive line at Thuong Duc-Ai Nghia-Hiep Duc, then advance toward Nuoc Man airfield. The 24th Regiment, 304th Division was required to capture Hoa Cam and then move on to Da Nang.
The fight begins
Before the North Vietnamese finalised their plan to capture Da Nang, the 2nd Corps had already begun making preparations for the final attack on the city. On March 24, the PAVN 325th Division fought with the 258th Marine Brigade and the 914th Regional Force Battalion at north Hai Van, and overran Phuoc Tuong, Nuoc Ngot, Tho Son and Thua Luu. Consequently, PAVN forces captured enemy artillery positions in Phuoc Tuong, and made good use of it during the following weeks. On March 27, with air-support from A-37 attack aircraft from Da Nang, the 258th Marine Brigade and the 914th Regional Force Battalion tried to hold off PAVN forces at Phu Gia and Hai Van, but they were pushed back and sustained heavy casualties in the process. The PAVN 325th Division then continued their advance through So Hai, Loan Ly, An Bao and Lăng Cô. Soon afterwards, more than 30 artillery pieces belonging to the PAVN 84th and 164th Artillery Regiments were placed at various high points in Son Thach, Son Khanh and Mui Trau; beginning at 5:30am on March 28, PAVN artillery units bombarded South Vietnamese positions around Da Nang. Meanwhile, the 369th Marine Brigade quickly abandoned their position at Son Ga, after they had detected elements of the PAVN 304th Division conducting reconnaissance missions on the battlefield. On March 28, the PAVN 66th Regiment, 304th Division attacked and captured the administrative area of Ai Nghia and Nuoc Man airfield, while the PAVN 24th Regiment attacked Hoa Cam and Toa in the outskirts of Da Nang.
The 369th Marine Brigade then tried to pull back towards An Dong and My Khe, but they were pursued by the PAVN 2nd Division. Meanwhile, the 3,000 South Vietnamese soldiers at Hoa Cam mutinied against their commanding officers, and surrendered to the PAVN. South of Da Nang, the PAVN 2nd Division, with support from tank and artillery units was able to overrun Ba Ren at around 9:00 am on March 28. In response, General Trưởng ordered Air Force Brigadier-General Nguyen Van Khanh to send a squadron of four A-37 bombers to destroy the main bridges at Ba Ren and Cau Lau, but they could not prevent the PAVN 2nd Division from crossing the river using canoes, and other small river craft. At 5:55 am on March 29, the outer South Vietnamese defence line located south of Da Nang succumbed to the PAVN. At 6:30 am on the same day, the last South Vietnamese strongholds in and around Hai Van were overrun by the PAVN. The PAVN 325th Division then secured Lien Chieu, the Nam O Bridge and the Trinh Me The Bridge, thereby clearing the main road for the supporting tank and armored units to advance on Son Tra. As PAVN troops were closing in, General Trưởng and other high-ranking South Vietnamese officers were airlifted out to the coastal areas, where they boarded the navy transport ship HQ-404. At 12:00 pm, the ARVN 1st Brigade Headquarters was finally captured. At 12:30 pm, the 9th Regiment, 304th Division also captured the ARVN 3rd Infantry Division Headquarters, and quickly established their control over the entire Phuoc Tuong area.
By the time Da Nang fell into North Vietnamese hands, South Vietnamese commanders on the ground simply lost control of their men as military discipline collapsed. On March 28, about 6,000 soldiers of the 2nd Infantry Division deserted, and left the battlefield. And then the soldiers of the ARVN 3rd Infantry Division also retreated, thereby leaving the rear of the Marine Division exposed to enemy attacks. Since March 25, from the CIA Station in Da Nang, Al Francis and the U.S. Embassy in Saigon began formulating an evacuation plan, in order to evacuate U.S. citizens and South Vietnamese government officials out from Da Nang. As part of the plan, aircraft belonging to civilian airliners were to be used. And in addition to the South Vietnamese navy vessels of I Corps, U.S. General Homer D. Smith also provided five barges, six passenger liners, and three cargo ships to help with the evacuation process. Even though the evacuation plan was designed to be carried out in an orderly manner, chaos and confusion quickly descended on the civilian and military population of Da Nang as people fought each other to board the vessels anchored off the coast. On the afternoon of March 29, North Vietnamese soldiers of the 2nd, 304th, 324th and 325th Divisions, as well as the 203rd Armoured Regiment, entered the city of Da Nang.
Aftermath
Casualties
The struggle for Huế and Da Nang had cost South Vietnam its entire army corps. According to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam's official history, apart from the 16,000 soldiers and civilians who managed to escape, over 120,000 South Vietnamese soldiers were killed, wounded or captured after the fall of Huế and Da Nang. In abandoning I Corps, the South Vietnamese military left behind vast quantities of U.S.-supplied military hardware. The North Vietnamese claimed to have captured 129 aircraft of different models, 179 tanks and armored vehicles, 327 artillery pieces, 184 transport vehicles and 47 naval craft. More than 10,000 tons of bombs, ammunition, grenades, food supplies, combat rations, and other materials were also captured. Total PAVN/VC casualties are unknown.
Loss of northern provinces of South Vietnam
President Thiệu's decision to abandon the Central Highlands and the coastal regions of I Corps had a severe negative impact on ARVN morale, especially as the northern provinces of South Vietnam were driven into chaos. On March 31, after the fall of Huế and Da Nang, ARVN General Phạm Văn Phú, commander of II Corps Tactical Zone, held a meeting with his General Staff and the provincial chiefs of Bình Định, Khánh Hòa, Phú Yên, Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận and requested them to form a defensive line from Qui Nhơn into the Mekong Delta to cover the retreat of the ARVN from the Central Highlands. Subsequently, General Phu issued the following orders: Rear Admiral Hoang Co Minh was to oversee military operations in the Qui Nhơn region, Brigadier-General Trần Văn Cẩm to hold Phú Yên, Brigadier-General Nguyen Ngoc Oanh and Brigadier-General Nguyen Van Luong was tasked with holding Nha Trang. Meanwhile, General Phan Dinh Niem, the commander of the ARVN 22nd Infantry Division, was required to form a defensive line linking Qui Nhơn with Diêu Trì and Deo Ca, with the purpose of delaying the PAVN.
The withdrawal plan formulated by General Phạm Văn Phú and his General Staff was made with the belief that the PAVN would stop and consolidate their territorial gains before they could go on the attack again. However, North Vietnamese commanders were more than willing to maneuver their units away from newly captured territories, in order to pursue retreating South Vietnamese units.
Furthermore, South Vietnamese commanders never realized that Hanoi had given its field commanders the full flexibility to respond to the changing circumstances on the battlefield and had supplied the PAVN with weaponry that was required to achieve their objectives. Ultimately, the average South Vietnamese soldiers would have to pay for the miscalculation of their commanders.
At 5:15 am on March 31, the 47th Infantry Regiment, 22nd Infantry Division was ambushed by the 2nd Regiment, 3rd Division while it was withdrawing towards Phu An-Lai Nghi. Upon their arrival at Phu Cat, the remnants of the ARVN 47th Infantry Regiment was encircled and assaulted by the PAVN 198th Regiment, and ceased to exist as a fighting unit by 12:30 pm.
The 41st Infantry Regiment, 22nd Infantry Division also came under attack from the PAVN 95th Regiment as it moved from Nui Mot to Phu Phong. Throughout the evening of March 31, the 41st Infantry Regiment fought with the PAVN 141st Regiment, as soon as they reached Phat Giao. In contrast to the other units, the 42nd Infantry Regiment, 22nd Infantry Division was able to escape the PAVN onslaught, but their strength was significantly reduced before they reached Dieu Tri. On April 1, Quy Nhon fell to the PAVN, which was followed by Tuy Hòa on April 2. ARVN General Trần Văn Cẩm was captured in Tuy Hòa after his helicopter had landed on the ground, where he tried to survey the battlefield. The destruction of the ARVN 22nd Infantry Division, which had about 10,000 fully equipped men, caused chaos in Nha Trang; more than 3,000 South Vietnamese recruits from the Lam Son Army Training Centre retreated into the city, and another 1,000 soldiers went on a rampage and looted goods on the main streets. The chief of Khánh Hòa Province, Colonel Ly Ba Pham, boarded a military aircraft and flew out to Phan Rang Air Base after he had notified Saigon that "the situation is irreversible". On the afternoon of April 2, Nha Trang was overrun by the PAVN, and not a single battle was fought in its defence. By 2:00 pm on April 2, ARVN General Phạm Văn Phú had lost every military unit and territory under his control.
Decisions of President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
According to many academics, both in Vietnam and in the West, the major factor which contributed to the rapid collapse of South Vietnamese defences in 1975 was the numerous and contradictory orders issued by President Thiệu. During the various phases of the South Vietnamese retreat from the northern provinces, namely in I and II Corps Tactical Zones, Thiệu had at least three different plans and decisions laid out before him, and all lacked consistency or simply contradicted one another. For example, on March 13, Thiệu ordered General Trưởng to abandon I Corps, and return the elite Airborne Division to the Mekong Delta region of III Corps. Soon afterwards, similar orders were issued to Major-General Phạm Văn Phú to evacuate from the Central Highlands. On March 17, with intervention from General Cao Văn Viên, Thiệu contradicted his previous orders when he approved Trưởng's defensive plan to hold the major cities of Huế and Da Nang.
However, the very next day, Thiệu ordered Trưởng and General Thi to abandon Huế and to concentrate only sufficient numbers of South Vietnamese units to hold Da Nang. On March 29, as Trưởng was about to board the navy transport ship HQ-404, he received a phone call from Thiệu, who ordered him to turn back and retake Da Nang from the North Vietnamese forces. By then, however, South Vietnamese units in I Corps had virtually disappeared, and their commanding officers had fled from their posts.
Trưởng refused to carry out Thiệu's orders. Between April 3 and 4, Thiệu reprimanded General Phú and General Thi for the debacles in II and I Corps respectively, and Generals Phạm Quốc Thuần and Dư Quốc Đống for the fall of Phước Long in 1974.
Even though Thiệu used the defeat of the South Vietnamese forces as a justification for the arrest of those generals, his real intention behind the arrests was to avert an imaginary military coup against him. For that reason, he chose to pull the Airborne Division back to III Corps, which was commanded by loyalist officers, instead of the Marine Corps Division.
General Trưởng and General Lê Nguyên Khang were spared, but both men responded strongly to Thiệu's reaction. Trưởng considered the aforementioned generals to be victims of an injustice, as they were far more competent than Thiệu's loyalists in Saigon.
In addition to the military disasters suffered on the battlefield, Thiệu also caused instability within his own government during the final days of South Vietnam's existence. For example, on April 2, Thiệu requested the country's National Assembly to dissolve Prime Minister Trần Thiện Khiêm's cabinet and to replace him with Nguyễn Bá Cẩn. The National Assembly quickly approved Thiệu's request.
The same day, Thiệu ordered the arrest of seven individuals who had worked for Air Marshal Nguyễn Cao Kỳ for fear they were plotting to overthrow him.
William Colby, the CIA Chief of Station in Saigon, wrote in a report that the balance of power had leaned in Hanoi's favour. Thus, if South Vietnam were to survive the North Vietnamese onslaught, Thiệu's replacement would have to accept a resolution to the conflict on North Vietnamese terms.
References
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Conflicts in 1975
1975 in Vietnam
Battles involving Vietnam
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War in 1975
Quảng Nam province
March 1975 events in Asia
April 1975 events in Asia
History of Huế
History of Da Nang
History of Thừa Thiên Huế province
History of Quảng Nam province
History of Quảng Trị province
History of Quảng Ngãi province
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] |
59102186
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly%20Bolton
|
Molly Bolton
|
Ivy Molly Bolton (26 January 1897 – 2 January 1991) was a British politician, elected both as Vice Chair and Chairman of London County Council in 1953.
Early life
Ivy Mabel Schmidt was born on 26 January 1897 to Alice (née Algar) and Leonard Schmidt, a hairdresser, the middle of three children. She was baptised on 4 April 1897 in the Parish of St. Andrew, Haverstock Hill in London Borough of Camden. The family lived in Kentish Town at the time of her birth, later moving to Hampstead.
Career
Bolton joined the Fabian Society in 1916, and became private secretary to Beatrice and Sydney Webb. She then became secretary of the Fabian Local Government and Research Bureau, and assistant editor of Local Government News, and served on the society's executive committee.
At the London County Council election, 1934, Bolton was elected as a Labour Party candidate in Hackney North one of the women alongside Margaret Cole and Peggy Jay who made up 23% of the LCC Labour group. She held the seat and its successor, Stoke Newington and Hackney North, until 1952. That year, she became an alderman, and she was chair of the council in 1953/54. When the council was dissolved, in 1965, she retired.
In October 1934 she was the first woman to become one of London County Council's six representatives on the London and Home Counties Joint Electricity Authority.
She was appointed to Crawley New Town Development Corporation 1947–56 a member of the working group developing a master Plan for Crawley alongside Sir Thomas Penberthy Bennett, Lawrence Neal, Alwyn Sheppard Fidler, Caroline Haslett, Sir Edward Gillett, Eric Walter Pasold and Alderman James Marshall.
The National Portrait Gallery hold a photograph of Molly Bolton by Elliott & Fry in its collections.
Personal life
In 1922 she married Douglas Joseph Bolton (1890-1983) an electrical engineer and lecturer at Regent Street Polytechnic, in St Albans. On 6 November 1958, the couple sailed to Penang on the ship MS Oranje.
References
1897 births
1991 deaths
Members of the Fabian Society
Members of London County Council
Women councillors in England
|
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] |
72478236
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieve%20di%20Sasso%2C%20Neviano%20degli%20Arduini
|
Pieve di Sasso, Neviano degli Arduini
|
The Pieve di Sasso, also known as the Pieve di Santa Maria Assunta is a Roman Catholic parish church located on a hill near Sasso, a hamlet near the town of Neviano degli Arduini, in Province of Parma, region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The 11th-century church is a notable example of Romanesque architecture.
History
Documents from 1004 make note of a church called Sanctae Marie de Saxo. According to tradition, a new church was rebuilt atop this hill in 1082, commissioned by the Countess Matilde di Canossa. Further documents from 1230 make note of this church, which occupied a position
on the pilgrimage route that included the Abbey of Linari. Over the centuries, the structure had become dilapidated, but underwent restoration from 1821-1846, including new internal pavement. In 1905, the roof was refurbished. An earthquake in 1920 damaged the structure. A belltower, built in a Romanesque design was erected in 1948. Further renovations occurred after 1950, constructing a new pulpit and main altar.
Description
The church has three naves with an apse in the east. The facade is simple with an arched doorway. Above is a biphore window with a central column added during a refurbishment. Atop is a small Greek cross window. Along the flanks are narrow windows.
The baptismal font was renovated in 1960 using original stones. It has four panels with depictions representing the St Matthew, St March, a priest blessing and a Griffon and dove.
Note
Bibliography
Romanesque architecture in Emilia-Romagna
Churches in the province of Parma
1004 establishments in Europe
11th-century establishments in Italy
|
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] |
58464720
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20songs%20recorded%20by%20Boston
|
List of songs recorded by Boston
|
A list of songs recorded by American rock band Boston.
List
Notes
References
Boston
|
[
32,
1562,
328,
15374,
19460,
656,
5765,
8707,
8177,
17814,
364,
950,
279,
27436,
279,
54037,
279,
114228,
199999
] |
63745112
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ%20Conway%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Russ Conway (disambiguation)
|
Russ Conway (1925–2000) was an English pianist.
Russ Conway may also refer to:
Russ Conway (actor) (1913–2009), Canadian-American actor
Russ Conway (journalist) (1949–2019), American journalist
|
[
134165,
151315,
350,
8145,
20,
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15,
8,
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448,
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151315,
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1402,
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151315,
350,
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8,
350,
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18,
1585,
1179,
24,
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48629,
19556,
198,
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151315,
350,
72664,
421,
8,
350,
8034,
24,
1585,
667,
24,
936,
5765,
40104,
199999
] |
62728492
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20cruiser%20Nan%20Shui
|
Chinese cruiser Nan Shui
|
Nan Shui () was an unprotected cruiser built for the Imperial Chinese Navy. She was built by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, Kiel, Germany, while her armament was installed by Armstrong Whitworth, Elswick, England. She, alongside her sister vessel , which was based on the design of the cruiser . Nan Shui was considered to be obsolete by the Western Powers even at the time of her construction.
She was active during the Sino-French War of 1884–1885, first as part of a defensive squadron based at Nanking (now Nanjing). Nan Shui then formed part of the cruiser force of the Chinese squadron sent to engage the French blockade of Formosa (now Taiwan) which resulted in the Battle of Shipu. Following the battle, Nan Shui was blockaded into the port of Ningpo (now Ningbo) until the end of the war. She was eventually decommissioned in 1903, and was sold as scrap in 1906.
Design and description
The unprotected cruisers were intended to be of relatively simple design compared to other Imperial Chinese Navy vessels on order from European shipyards at the time. They were similar to the cruiser , but constructed out of steel instead of wood. Both Nan Shui and her sister vessel, , were obsolete during construction; the Chinese navy had also commissioned armored and protected cruisers, such as .
Nan Shui was long overall. She had a beam of and a draft of . Zhiyuen displaced , and carried a crew of 250 officers and enlisted men. She was unarmored with the exception of a cork belt installed at the waterline of the ship. Unlike Kai Chi, on which the class was based, Nan Shui had two funnels instead of one. Both ships of the class were equipped with a naval ram, and had raised forecastles and poop decks. She was powered by a compound-expansion steam engine with eight boilers, driving a single shaft. This provided for a top speed of .
Her initial armament consisted of two breach-loading Armstrong guns, alongside eight breach-loading Armstrong guns and some Hotchkiss guns. The two larger guns were mounted in sponsons ahead of the funnels, while the smaller Armstrongs were placed amidships as a broadside, on the forecastle and poop deck and in further sponsons ahead of the poop. Although the ship was launched in Germany, that armament was added by Armstrong Whitworth while Nan Chen was at its shipyard in Elswick, England. By 1884, she was equipped with a torpedo boat.
Service history
Two cruisers were ordered from Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, Kiel, Germany, in early 1883. At the time of the launch of Nan Shui on 8 January 1884, the Germany authorities were preventing some of the Chinese construction from leaving the country such as the ironclads due to the impending Sino-French War. Nan Shui was thus secretly delivered to China. Both Nan Chen and her sister were sent to the Kiangnan Arsenal to be reinforced. Despite these issues, and their obsolescence, the German-built cruisers were held in high esteem by the Chinese authorities.
Sino-French War
After the start of the war in August 1884, Nan Chen and Nan Shui were sent to protect Nanking (now Nanjing) alongside Kai Chi. An attack was thought to be imminent, but the French Navy instead assaulted Formosa (now Taiwan) where they established a blockade. Chinese forces were gathered to drive off the blockade of the island, which comprised the two Nan Chen-class cruisers, Kai Chi, the frigate and the sloop-of-war . The squadron was under the command of Admiral Wu Ang-k'ang. The five ships gathered in Shanghai, leaving in December 1884. They took some time to work up their crews, and did not seek to engage the French immediately, only finally meeting them in the following February.
The Chinese forces attached in a V-shaped formation, being led by Kai Chi as flagship. However, they immediately realised they were outgunned by the French forces and withdrew. While the slower Yuyuen and Teng Ching retreated into Shipu Bay after losing the three cruisers in the fog, which resulted in the Battle of Shipu. Nan Chen, Nan Shui and Kai Chi sailed north to the port of Ningpo (now Ningbo) where they were joined by the sloop-of-war and the transport . All five ships were then blockaded into the port by the French Navy squadron. While some exchanges of fire were conducted in March 1885, this was the last involvement of Nan Shui during the war.
Fate
During the First Sino-Japanese War, Nan Chen and Nan Shui were sent to the Taiwan strait for patrol duties. She was eventually decommissioned in 1903, and was sold as scrap in 1906.
Notes
References
External links
1884 ships
Naval ships of China
Sino-French War naval ships
Cruisers of Imperial China
Ships built in Germany
|
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199999
] |
2208011
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awake%20%28L%27Arc-en-Ciel%20album%29
|
Awake (L'Arc-en-Ciel album)
|
Awake is the tenth album by L'Arc-en-Ciel, released on June 22, 2005, in Japan and on September 20, 2005, in the United States. The song "Lost Heaven" was used as the ending theme of the Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie: Conqueror of Shamballa film.
Track listing
Personnel
hyde – vocals, guitar on track 13
ken – guitar, backing vocals, keyboards on tracks 3, 7, 8, 11 and 12, tambourine on tracks 1 and 3
tetsu – bass guitar, backing vocals, keyboards on tracks 4 and 9, guitar on track 4
yukihiro – drums, keyboards on track 1, scratching on track 6, synthesizer on track 7
Hiroaki Sugawara – keyboards on track 2
Hajime Okano – keyboards on tracks 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12, autoharp on track 9, shaker on track 11
Hitoshi Saitou – keyboards on tracks 6, 7 and 10
Rie Eto – female backing vocals on track 8
Atsushi Koike – keyboards on track 10
Hal-Oh Togashi – acoustic piano on track 10
Jun Miyake – flugelhorn on track 10
Takeshi Hidano – keyboards and synthesizer on track 13
Jeremy Lubbock – conductor
Charles Bisharat, Darius Campo, Joel Derouin, Armen Garabedian, Berj Garabedian, Patricia Johnson, Peter Kent, Miran Kojian, Anatoly Rosinsky, Shari Zippert – violin on track 3
Marilyn Baker, Denyse Buffum, James Ross, Evan Wilson – viola on track 3
Larry Corbett, Emie Ehrhardt, Suzie Katayama, Dan Smith – cello on track 3
Earle Dumler – oboe on track 3
References
2005 albums
L'Arc-en-Ciel albums
Tofu Records albums
|
[
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] |
31634884
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpheus%20Winds
|
Orpheus Winds
|
Orpheus Winds is the faculty woodwind quintet at Brigham Young University (BYU).
History
Orpheus Winds was formed in the 1970s at Brigham Young University by one of its charter members, Glenn Willams, a BYU music professor. The ensemble is one of the most renowned woodwind quintets in Western North America. The ensemble performs nationally and internationally including tours in Canada, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Brazil. They regularly perform at BYU in the Franklin S. Harris Fine Arts Center. The ensemble does not have a director and members of the ensemble choose pieces of music to perform.
Members
The members include professors at the BYU School of Music April Clayton (flute), Geralyn Giovannetti (oboe), Brian Blanchard (horn), Jaren Hinckley (clarinet), Christian Smith (bassoon).
Sources
External links
Encore Arts Management entry on Orpheus Winds
American classical music groups
Brigham Young University
Musical groups established in the 1970s
Musical groups from Utah
University musical groups
Wind quintets
1970s establishments in Utah
Harold B. Lee Library-related University Archives articles
|
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] |
57382644
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhootayyana%20Mommaga%20Ayyu
|
Bhootayyana Mommaga Ayyu
|
Bhootayyana Mommaga Ayyu () is a 2018 Indian Kannada-language comedy film written and directed by Nagaraj Peenya. Produced by R. Varaprasad Shetty under the banner of Sri Vaishnavi Cine Creations, the film released across Karnataka state on 4 May 2018. Starring Chikkanna as Ayyu, the film also features Bullet Prakash, Sruthi Hariharan, Prashanth Siddhi and Tabla Nani in principal roles. The film marks the 1000th acting assignment of the comedy actor Honnavalli Krishna. The film score and soundtrack is composed by Ravi Basrur and the cinematography is by Nandakumar.
Although the title is borrowed from the 1974 film Bhootayyana Maga Ayyu directed by Siddalingaiah, the film's plot makes no connection with it. Actor Lokesh's son Srujan Lokesh was hired as a narrator for this film. Upon release, the film met with negative response from the critics.
Cast
Chikkanna as Ayyu
Sruthi Hariharan as Sruthi
Tabla Nani
Bullet Prakash
P. Ravishankar
Prashanth Siddi
Rockline Sudhakar
Honnavalli Krishna
M. S. Umesh
Girija Lokesh
Soundtrack
Ravi Basrur has composed the soundtrack for the film. The lyrics for the songs are written by Peenya Nagaraj. The song "Bhootayyana Mommaga" was performed by Basrur and Ananya Bhat.
References
External links
2018 films
2010s Kannada-language films
Indian comedy films
Films shot in Mysore
2018 comedy films
|
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] |
11225725
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Star%20%28roller%20coaster%29
|
Silver Star (roller coaster)
|
Silver Star is a steel roller coaster located at Europa-Park, a theme park in Rust, Germany. The coaster has a height of and a drop of 67 meters (220’), placing it in the hyper coaster category. At the time of its opening, Silver Star was one of Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M)'s tallest coasters constructed; in 2012, they surpassed themselves with Shambhala: Expedición al Himalaya, at Barcelona’s PortAventura Park, with a height of 76m/249’. B&M would then go on to further beat their own records, with the 93m/306’ tall Leviathan (at Canada's Wonderland), and the aptly-named, 325’ high Fury 325 (at North Carolina’s Carowinds) in 2015. These two became the tallest coasters B&M has ever built, to date.
Silver Star has 3 trains, which seat 36 people each, giving an hourly capacity of 1,750 passengers. This hypercoaster is situated in the “France” area of Europa Park, and is sponsored by Mercedes-Benz.
The ride
Silver Star features no inversions, but many camelback hills:
After the first drop, the train travels to the left and up onto the first camelback, before making a smaller drop, and then a second camelback.
The train performs a 180° return in the horseshoe element.
The train then continues onto another camelback before a mid-course brake-run.
A 270° upwards turn brings the train back under the lift hill, and onto one last camelback.
An S-bend (“bunny-hops”) has the train passing by the camera for candid on-ride photos, before the final brake run.
Nearly every camelback is fitted with brake trims to regulate the trains’ speed. The original friction-brake trims made the ride uncomfortable for some riders; these were refitted with magnetic trims.
Gallery
References
Roller coasters in Germany
Roller coasters introduced in 2002
Rides at Europa-Park
2002 establishments in Germany
Hypercoasters manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard
|
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5873,
827,
113757,
100803,
199999
] |
50642146
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kachi%20Raqra
|
Kachi Raqra
|
Kachi Raqra (Quechua kachi salt, raqra fissure, crack, crevice, "salt crack (or crevice)", also spelled Cachiracra) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru which reaches a height of approximately . It is located in the Lima Region, Yauyos Province, Huancaya District.
References
Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Lima Region
|
[
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] |
33129512
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Kibria
|
Mohammad Kibria
|
Mohammad Kibria ( – 7 June 2011) was a Bangladeshi artist. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1983 and Independence Day Award in 1999 by the Government of Bangladesh.
Early life and career
Kibria graduated from the Government School of Art at the University of Calcutta in 1950. In 1951, he came to Dhaka where he started his career as an art teacher at the Nawabpur High School. Kibria moved to Dhaka in 1951 and started his career as a school teacher at Nawabpur High School. In 1954, prompted by his teacher and mentor Zainul Abedin, Kibria joined the then Government College of Arts and Crafts (now Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Dhaka) as a lecturer. In the early days of his career, however, Kibria's influence on art was shifted from the neo-Bengal School to the European masters including Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse as well to the emerging style of art such as impressionism, post-impressionism and expressionism.
Kibria studied at the Tokyo University of the Arts from 1959 until 1962. He was exposed to the international museums where he got the chance to watch works of the modern masters and received training under world-famous contemporary abstractionists.
Death
Kibria died of old-age complications at LabAid Hospital in Dhaka on 7 June 2011 at the age of 82.
References
1929 births
2011 deaths
People from Birbhum district
Government College of Art & Craft alumni
Bangladeshi painters
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak
Recipients of the Independence Day Award
|
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] |
4115241
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Source%20%28band%29
|
The Source (band)
|
The Source established in 1993 in Trondheim, Norway, is a Norwegian jazz band known for its many recordings and collaborations in musical fusion concepts. Their Christmas concerts are considered a tradition in Norway.
The band, a quartet was made up of Trygve Seim (saxophone), Øyvind Brække (trombone), Ingebrigt Håker Flaten (bass) and Per Oddvar Johansen (drums). In 1995, Finn Guttormsen replaced Flaten on bass. He was replaced by Mats Eilertsen in 2005. The band was nominated to Spellemannprisen in 2007 for its album The Source of Christmas Live.
Recordings
References
External links
The Source: of Christmas Official website
Norwegian jazz ensembles
|
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] |
22771742
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormon%20Tavern%2C%20California
|
Mormon Tavern, California
|
Mormon Tavern is a former stage stop in El Dorado County, California. It was located on the emigrant road west of Clarksville.
The place was founded in 1849. It served as a stop on the Pony Express from 1860 to 1861. There is no certain account of how the place got its name, which is quite incongruous: Mormons (Latter Day Saints) typically don't drink alcohol (as would be served in a tavern).
The site is now registered as California Historical Landmark #699.
References
Pony Express stations
California Historical Landmarks
1849 establishments in California
|
[
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] |
15812301
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYYZ
|
WYYZ
|
WYYZ (1490 AM) and (102.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a block format. Licensed to Jasper, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by Ava Stephens Rogers and Matthew Youngblood through licensee KARMA Media Group, LLC, and features programming ranging from Bluegrass and classic country along with southern gospel and classic rock.
References
External links
YYZ
Radio stations established in 1960
Country radio stations in the United States
|
[
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] |
18158341
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothschild%20House%20%28Port%20Townsend%2C%20Washington%29
|
Rothschild House (Port Townsend, Washington)
|
The Rothschild House is a house in Port Townsend, Washington. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970. It is included in Port Townsend Historic District which was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1977. It was built by D. C. H. Rothschild.
The house is managed by the Jefferson County Historical Society as a historic house museum.
The life of D. C. H. Rothschild
Early business ventures
David Charles Henry Rothschild (1824-1885) was one of seven siblings from Sulzbach am Main, Bavaria. He came to the United States in the mid-1840s. His brother, William, nearly 15 years older, had preceded him to America and settled in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, where he had an establishment called "The Kentucky Store". He joined his brother in this venture but, in 1848, he returned to Sulzbach for three months, then returned to America by way of Cape Horn, to San Francisco. There, he served as secretary of the Phoenix Quartz Mining Company and worked for both the Tehama Quartz Mining Company and the North California Mining Company. Later, he and a partner opened a store in Nevada City but sold out the following year, going first to New York and then back to Bavaria. A year later, he was back in Nevada City, and opened another store.
Travels
After operating his latest store for a year, he decided to travel to "exotic" places for the next three years, visiting China, the East Indies, Australia, Tahiti, and the Society Islands. He returned to San Francisco to be a miner for six months, then opened a tobacco and cigar store in Sacramento. It was there that he married. He chose to raise his family in Port Townsend, where he settled with his wife Dorette (also from Bavaria). Over time, he came to be known as "The Baron"; a reference to the famous Rothschild banking family.
Rothschild & Co.
In 1858, shortly after settling in Port Townsend, he established a new "Kentucky Store" which, in addition to being a regular mercantile store, provisioned ships and did some salvage operations. By 1881, shipping had become his primary focus and the business became "Rothschild & Company". His son Henry later took over the business and, in conjunction with his partner William J. Jones, expanded into stevedoring. That enterprise, now known as "Jones Stevedoring" is still in operation and is based at the Port of Seattle.
References
External links
Rothschild House - Jefferson County Historical Society
National Register of Historic Places in Port Townsend, Washington
Museums in Jefferson County, Washington
Historic house museums in Washington (state)
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
Houses in Jefferson County, Washington
|
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] |
4075594
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ%20College%20%28Sydney%29
|
Christ College (Sydney)
|
Christ College, formerly known as the Presbyterian Theological Centre, is the theological college of the Presbyterian Church of Australia in New South Wales. It provides theological education for ministry candidates and members of the laity. It is an approved teaching institution of the Australian College of Theology.
The other theological colleges of the Presbyterian Church of Australia are the Presbyterian Theological College in Melbourne, the Queensland Theological College (formerly the Consortium of Reformed Colleges) in Brisbane.
History
The Presbyterian Church of New South Wales established the theological hall in 1873, to train Presbyterian ministers in accordance with the Westminster Confession of Faith, including the Presbyterian Church of Australia's later Declaratory Statement of 1901. It was located in St Andrew's College at the University of Sydney, and from the early 1920s co-operated with the Methodist and Congregational colleges under the United Faculty of Theology. In 1987 the then Presbyterian Training Centre moved to Shaftesbury Road Burwood, was renamed as the Presbyterian Theological Centre, Burwood and expanded its scope to include training of the laity, as well as elders, missionaries, deaconesses, chaplains, church planters, and youth workers.
The dean of the college in the early years in Burwood was John Davies, who served as principal and lecturer in Hebrew and Old Testament exegesis. In 2010 Ian Smith took over from Davies as principal. The institution was renamed Christ College in 2014.
Degrees and programs
The College is accredited to offer the following degrees in various forms. The following are the flagship programs at the College.
Diploma of Theology (DipTh)/Diploma of Ministry (DipMin)
Bachelor of Theology (Th.B.)/Bachelor of Ministry (B.Min.)
Graduate Diploma of Theology (GradDipTh)/Graduate Diploma of Divinity (GradDipDiv)
Master of Divinity (M.Div.)
Master of Arts in Theology (MA)
Master of Theology (Th.M.)
Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.)
Doctor of Theology (Th.D.)
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
For the training of candidates for ordination in the Presbyterian Church of Australia, the College offers a rich and robust 4-year 128 credit points training program that goes beyond the typical Master of Divinity program.
The College is also in partnership with a number of groups and organisations to offer ministry skill-specific training.
Redeemer City to City: Incubator Program for the training of church planters
Jericho Road: Chaplaincy Program for the training of chaplains working in hospitals, school, army, and the like
Ministry Training for Women
Guest lecturers
The college also hosts annual intensives taught by eminent pastor-theologians. Some of these include Chad Van Dixhoorn, Scott Rae, Michael Horton, D.A Carson, Timothy Witmer, Bryan Chappell, and Carl Trueman.
Facilities
The college building, completed in early 2014, consists of a large community area and an auditorium which can seat over 200. There are five purpose built class rooms and a library with over 45,000 volumes (and great views of the city of Sydney). The administration building is a restored heritage building and is connected to new building. Australian Presbyterian World Mission (APWM) also has offices in the building.
Students
The Presbyterian Theological Centre has more than 150 students, both male and female. The college also admits members of other denominations for theological training.
The Students' Representative Council represents the students of the college, with responsibility for fostering community spirit, service to each other, and improving student resources
References
Educational institutions established in 1873
1873 establishments in Australia
Education in Sydney
Australian College of Theology
Seminaries and theological colleges in New South Wales
Theological colleges of the Presbyterian Church of Australia
|
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] |
43222954
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reset%20%28South%20Korean%20TV%20series%29
|
Reset (South Korean TV series)
|
Reset () is a 2014 South Korean television series starring Chun Jung-myung and Kim So-hyun. It aired on OCN from August 24 to October 26, 2014 on Sundays at 23:00 for 10 episodes.
Plot
Cha Woo-jin's first love, Seung-hee, was murdered 15 years ago. Obsessed with finding her killer, Woo-jin became a prosecutor and has since devoted his career to putting violent criminals behind bars. With ten days left before the statute of limitations on Seung-hee's case runs out, Woo-jin meets a 17-year-old high school girl named Jo Eun-bi who looks exactly like Seung-hee. Their meeting catalyzes a chain of events that lead Woo-jin nearer to uncovering the truth about the original crime, but Eun Bi's involvement in the investigation makes her the killer's new target.
Cast
Chun Jung-myung as Cha Woo-jin
Kim So-hyun as Jo Eun-bi / Choi Seung-hee
Park Won-sang as Investigator Go
Shin Eun-jung as Section chief Han
Song Ha-yoon as Choi Yoon-hee
Kim Hak-chul as GK Group chairman Kim
Choi Jae-woong as Prosecutor Kim Dong-soo
Jung Kyu-soo as Chief prosecutor
Choi Soo-han as young Cha Woo-jin
Choi Hyo-eun as Miss Jang
Yeom Ji-young as Journalist Lee Young-na
Kim Min-jae as Detective Park
Lee Yeon as Chairman Kim's secretary
Yoon Park as Kim In-seok
Yang Hak-jin as One of the men in the CCTV room
Shin Cheol-jin as Mr.Oh
Kim Jin-yi as Han Mi-seon
Kim Young-jae as Psychiatrist
Song Tae-yoon
Kang Ki-young as Section Chief
Ratings
Note: This drama airs on cable channel / pay TV which has a relatively small audience compared to free-to-air TV / public broadcasters (KBS, MBC, SBS, and EBS).
References
External links
OCN television dramas
2014 South Korean television series debuts
2014 South Korean television series endings
South Korean crime television series
South Korean thriller television series
Fiction about hypnosis
Television series about prosecutors
|
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] |
21460986
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokra%2C%20Lubusz%20Voivodeship
|
Mokra, Lubusz Voivodeship
|
Mokra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubsko, within Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Lubsko, north of Żary, and west of Zielona Góra.
References
Mokra
|
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21669,
3593,
11,
220,
16173,
328,
132134,
815,
11,
326,
220,
14078,
328,
40589,
3180,
499,
101688,
364,
54037,
279,
44,
135882,
199999
] |
72938273
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jun%20Nishikawa
|
Jun Nishikawa
|
Jun Nishikawa may refer to:
Jun Nishikawa (JRA member)
Jun Nishikawa (footballer)
|
[
40377,
178850,
507,
7036,
1340,
6716,
316,
734,
13648,
178850,
507,
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350,
41,
7896,
6027,
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178850,
507,
7036,
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144796,
259,
8,
199999
] |
140017
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poygan%2C%20Wisconsin
|
Poygan, Wisconsin
|
Poygan is a town in Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,301 at the 2010 census.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and , or 35.89%, is water, consisting mainly of a portion of Lake Poygan on the Wolf River.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,037 people, 397 households, and 308 families residing in the town. The population density was 44.4 people per square mile (17.2/km2). There were 532 housing units at an average density of 22.8 per square mile (8.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.26% White, 0.39% African American, 0.10% Native American, and 1.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.58% of the population.
There were 397 households, out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.5% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.2% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $53,947, and the median income for a family was $58,864. Males had a median income of $36,838 versus $25,288 for females. The per capita income for the town was $23,679. About 4.8% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.9% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
Henry Killilea, lawyer and one of the founders of baseball's American League was born in the town
Matthew Killilea, lawyer and member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, was born in the town
Sidney Shufelt, farmer, soldier and member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, was Town Chairman
References
Towns in Winnebago County, Wisconsin
Towns in Wisconsin
|
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5233443
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langhorne%20station
|
Langhorne station
|
Langhorne station is a station along the SEPTA West Trenton Line to Ewing, New Jersey, United States. It is located at Bellevue (PA 413) & Comly Avenues in Langhorne Manor, Pennsylvania.
The station has off-street parking, a ticket office, and bicycle racks. In FY 2013, Langhorne station had a weekday average of 643 boardings and 688 alightings.
Langhorne station was originally built by the Reading Railroad in 1881. On May 29, 2009, SEPTA announced a $2.3 million plan to replace the existing station. On April 6, 2010, the original station was demolished in order to make room for its replacement.
It is near the borough limits of Penndel.
Station layout
Langhorne consists of a single low-level side platform adjacent to the inbound track. Access to the outbound track is via concrete crossovers of the inbound track.
Gallery
Bibliography
References
External links
SEPTA – Langhorne Station
Station from Bellevue Avenue from Google Maps Street View
SEPTA Regional Rail stations
Former Reading Company stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1876
1876 establishments in Pennsylvania
Railway stations in Bucks County, Pennsylvania
|
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] |
71283638
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946%20Minnesota%20Intercollegiate%20Athletic%20Conference%20football%20season
|
1946 Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference football season
|
The 1946 Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference football season was the season of college football played by the eight member schools of the Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (MIAC), sometimes referred to as the Minnesota College Conference, as part of the 1946 college football season.
The Gustavus Adolphus Golden Gusties, in their second season under head coach Lloyd Hollingsworth, won the MIAC championship with a 7–0–1 record (6–0 against MIAC opponents). The Gusties led the conference in scoring offense (23.4 points per game) and defense (6.5 point per game) also dominated the 1946 All-MIAC football team, claiming eight of eleven first-team positions.
Conference overview
Teams
Gustavus Adolphus
The 1946 Gustavus Adolphus Golden Gusties football team represented Gustavus Adolphus College of St. Peter, Minnesota. In their second, non-consecutive year under head coach Lloyd Hollingsworth, the Gusties compiled a 7–0–1 record (6–0 against MIAC teams), won the MIAC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 187 to 52.
Gustavus Adolphus players took eight of the eleven first-team spots on the 1946 All-MIAC football team. The Gustavus Adolphus honorees were: back Babe Fiebiger; halfback Bob Collison; fullback Bennie Langsjoen; center Harold Swanson; end William Haldy; tackles Vic Pedersen and Gerald Cady; and guard Keith Skogman.
St. Olaf
The 1946 St. Olaf Oles football team represented Gustavus Adolphus College of Northfield, Minnesota. Led by head coach Adrian Christianson, the Oles compiled a 6–2 record (3–1 against MIAC teams), finished in a tie for second place in the MIAC, and outscored opponents by a total of 104 to 91.
St. Thomas
The 1946 St. Thomas Tommies football team represented the University of St. Thomas of St. Paul, Minnesota. In their first year under head coach Frank Deig, the Tommies compiled a 4–3 record (3–1 against MIAC teams), finished in a tie for second place in the MIAC, and outscored opponents by a total of 94 to 70.
Concordia
The 1946 Concordia Cobbers football team represented Concordia College of Moorhead, Minnesota. In their sixth year under head coach Jake Christiansen, the Cobblers compiled a 3–3–1 record (2–2 against MIAC teams), finished in fourth place in the MIAC, and were outscored by a total of 92 to 91.
Saint John's
The 1946 Saint John's Johnnies football team represented Saint John's University of Collegeville, Minnesota. In their 11th year under head coach Joe Benda, the Johnnies compiled a 5–3 record (2–4 against MIAC teams), finished in fifth place in the MIAC, and outscored opponents by a total of 131 to 73.
Saint Mary's
The 1946 Saint Mary's Redmen football team represented Saint Mary's College of Winona, Minnesota. In their eighth year under head coach Eddie Suech, the Redmen compiled a 4–3–1 record (1–2–1 against MIAC teams), finished in sixth place in the MIAC, and outscored opponents by a total of 91 to 84.
Augsburg
The 1946 Augsburg Auggies football team represented Augsburg University of Minneapolis. In their third year under head coach Robert S. Carlson, the Auggies compiled a 1–6 record (1–5 against MIAC teams), finished in seventh place in the MIAC, and were outscored by a total of 118 to 26.
Macalester
The 1946 Macalester Scots football team represented Macalester College of Saint Paul, Minnesota. In their third year under head coach Dwight Stuessy, the Scots compiled a 1–6–1 record (0–4–1 against MIAC teams), finished in eighth place in the MIAC, and were outscored by a total of 124 to 25.
All-conference team
First team
Backs: Jack Salscheider, St. Thomas; Babe Fiebiger, Gustavus Adolphus; Bob Collison, Gustavus Adolphus; Beanie Langsjoen, Gustavus Adolphus
Ends: Ralph Opatz, St. John's; William Haldy, Gustavus Adolphus
Tackles: Vic Pedersen, Gustavus Adolphus; Gerald Cady, Gustavus Adolphus
Guards: Stan Tostengaard, St. Olaf; Keith Skogman Gustavus Adolphus
Center: Harold Swanson, Gustavus Adolphus
Second team
Backs: Royal Peterson, St. Olaf; Dave Dillon, Augsburg; Charles Miller, St. John's; Ronald Malcolm, Gustavus Adolphus
Ends: Henry Epstein, St. Mary's; Charles Beck, Concordia
Tackles: Konnie Prem, St. John's; Eldon Lehrke, St. Olaf
Guards: Ronald Henricksen, St. Olaf; Clarence Modin, Concordia
Center: Tony Graham, St. Mary's
References
|
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] |
25477226
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Taylor%20%28journalist%29
|
Simon Taylor (journalist)
|
Simon Taylor (born 8 August 1944) is a motor sports journalist who writes for several publications. Taylor is a writer, historian, radio and TV commentator and a keen loyal supporter of historic racing. He is editor-at-large of Classic & Sports Car magazine. and contributes a monthly column under the title "Full Throttle". He is particularly known for the in-depth interviews of motor sports personalities past and present which he contributed to Motor Sport magazine between 2006 and 2016, under the title "Lunch with...."
Career
Taylor joined the weekly motor racing magazine Autosport straight from university in 1966 as an editorial assistant. In 1967, the magazine was taken over by the Haymarket Publishing Group and he was promoted to editor in 1968, still aged only 23. In 1971, he forsook writing for publishing management, and went on to devise and launch several new magazines, including What Car? in 1973 and Classic & Sports Car in 1982. In 1984, Haymarket purchased Autocar (the world's oldest motoring magazine) from IPC and successfully relaunched it. Taylor's career progressed to become managing director of Haymarket Magazines.
In 1976, he began doing motor race commentaries on radio, and became BBC Radio's Formula 1 correspondent until 1997, when he spent a year as part of ITV's F1 presentation team. He did further motor-racing commentary work for ITV until 2000 including F3000 and FIA GT. For many years he narrated the official Formula One season review videos produced by the Formula One Constructors Association. He retired as chairman of Haymarket Magazines in 2000 and became a freelance writer, mainly about motor sports history.
His two-volume, 528-page history of the HWM team, John, George and the HWMs, was published in 2019. In 2015 he co-wrote Sir Stirling Moss' autobiography Stirling Moss - My Racing Life. He completed and prepared for publication My View from the Pit Wall, the posthumous autobiography of Lotus F1 team manager Peter Warr. Motor Sport Greats in Conversation is a hardback collection of his "Lunch With..." series of articles from Motor Sport. He is also an after-dinner speaker and interviewer at motor sports functions.
He had a small part, playing himself as the English-language BBC commentator, in the 2013 Ron Howard-directed film Rush about the battle between Niki Lauda and James Hunt in the 1976 F1 season, and also helped with editing the film and scripting some of the dialogue spoken by the broadcast commentators in other languages. According to Fraser Masefield Ranking the Top 10 Formula 1 Commentators he takes the number 9 rank in this list.
He is married with two grown-up children and lives in Chiswick, London. He has a small collection of classic cars and competes regularly in historic motor sport with his unique 1950 HWM sports-racing car The Stovebolt Special.
Books
Simon Taylor John, George and the HWMs (2019)
Simon Taylor Stirling Moss: My Racing Life (2015)
Simon Taylor Motor Sport Greats: In conversation (2013)
Simon Taylor The Shelsley Walsh Story: A Century of Motorsport (2005)
Simon Taylor Murray Walker's Formula One Heroes (2000)
Simon Taylor The Glory of Goodwood: The Spiritual Home of British Motor Racing (1999)
Simon Taylor AC Heritage: 90 Years, from the Three Wheeler to the Cobra (1996)
References
British motoring journalists
Living people
1944 births
Formula One journalists and reporters
Motorsport announcers
|
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] |
67104452
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Got%20to%20Be%20Tough
|
Got to Be Tough
|
Got to Be Tough may refer to:
Got to Be Tough (MC Shy D album), 1987
Got to Be Tough (Toots and the Maytals album), 2020
|
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] |
12834785
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin-Kiyosu%20Station
|
Shin-Kiyosu Station
|
is a railway station in the city of Kiyosu, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, operated by Meitetsu.
Lines
Shin Kiyosu Station is served by the Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line, and is located 75.2 kilometers from the starting point of the line at .
Station layout
The station has two above-ground island platforms with and underground station building. The station has automated ticket machines, Manaca automated turnstiles and is staffed.
Platforms
Adjacent stations
Station history
Shin Kiyosu Station was opened on February 3, 1928 as . It was renamed to its present name on May 16, 1948. The station building was relocated underground in 1975.
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2013, the station was used by an average of 7,853 passengers daily.
Surrounding area
former Kiyosu Town Hall
JR East Kiyosu Station
See also
List of Railway Stations in Japan
References
External links
Official web page
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1928
Railway stations in Aichi Prefecture
Stations of Nagoya Railroad
Kiyosu, Aichi
|
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276,
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] |
1604854
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe%20Las%20Vegas
|
Horseshoe Las Vegas
|
Horseshoe Las Vegas is a casino hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment. It originally opened as the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino on December 4, 1973. The 26-story hotel contained 2,100 rooms, and was among the world's largest hotels.
On November 21, 1980, the MGM Grand was the site of one of the worst high-rise fires in United States history, in which 85 people died. The MGM Grand was rebuilt at a cost of $50 million, and eventually reopened on July 29, 1981, with new fire safety features in place. Another 26-story tower opened later that year, adding more than 700 rooms. The resort has a total of 2,812 rooms, and the casino is .
In 1986, Bally Manufacturing purchased the resort and renamed it Bally's Las Vegas. A sister property, Paris Las Vegas, opened next to Bally's in 1999. An outdoor shopping mall, the Grand Bazaar Shops, was added to Bally's in 2015. The resort was home to the long-running Jubilee! theatrical show, which ran from 1981 to 2016.
Following a renovation, Caesars Entertainment rebranded the property as Horseshoe Las Vegas on December 15, 2022. It is named after the original Binion's Horseshoe casino in downtown Las Vegas. In 2023, it was announced that the resort would lose its Jubilee Tower to Paris Las Vegas, thus reducing the number of rooms at Horseshoe.
History
Part of the site was once occupied by the Three Coins Motel, which opened in the mid-1960s. The Bonanza, a western-themed hotel and casino, opened in July 1967. It was built in between the Three Coins and the Galaxy Motel, both of which served as the Bonanza's lodging. Because of financial problems, the Bonanza's casino portion closed three months later, although the hotel continued to operate. The hotel had 160 rooms, a small number compared to most resorts on the Las Vegas Strip.
Kirk Kerkorian purchased the Bonanza at the end of 1968, then sold it several months later to a group of investors. The Bonanza reopened in May 1969, after which a dispute occurred between the top two investors regarding management. A legal battle ensued, although the two eventually agreed to a settlement. The Bonanza included a showroom and a theater that screened classic films. The casino became popular for its country music acts, and singer Buck Owens made his Las Vegas Strip debut there in 1969. There had been plans to add a high-rise hotel building, although this did not materialize. In 1970, Kerkorian filed a foreclosure action against the owners and regained control of the Bonanza.
MGM Grand Hotel and Casino (1973–86)
Kerkorian's company, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), purchased the Bonanza and adjacent land in December 1971. MGM had plans to build a resort complex on the property named MGM's Grand Hotel, after the 1932 MGM film Grand Hotel. A groundbreaking ceremony with celebrities was held on the 43-acre property on April 15, 1972. The hotel tower was topped off in early 1973, and the Bonanza was demolished that year.
The MGM Grand Hotel had a low-key opening on December 4, 1973. A grand-opening ceremony, with celebrity appearances, was held the following night. Many stars who had appeared in MGM films were in attendance. Dean Martin provided entertainment for the grand opening, although his performance and lack of new material were criticized. Kerkorian had previously wanted Frank Sinatra to perform for the hotel's opening.
The MGM Grand was designed by architect Martin Stern Jr., and it was considered luxurious. It included hundreds of chandeliers, and statues and columns made of marble. The resort's design was based on grand hotels that were common in Europe during the early 20th century. The MGM Grand cost $106 million. The hotel was 26 stories and contained 2,100 rooms. It was among the world's largest hotels. The MGM Grand also had the world's largest casino, which included 923 slot machines, and a keno lounge. Live jai alai was also located on the property for betting. The resort also had shops, eight restaurants, 25 bars, a movie theater which initially showed only classic MGM films, five entertainment lounges, and of convention space.
A few days after the opening, character actor Chill Wills, who had been a contract player for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer during the 1940s, became the first person to get married at the new resort. The resort cost $30 million more than anticipated, and within weeks of its opening, it was announced that finishing touches on the resort would raise the $106 million cost by another $20 million. There were reports that the resort had financial problems and that it could soon be sold, although MGM retained ownership into the 1980s.
Fire and reopening
On November 21, 1980, the MGM Grand suffered a fire that started in a casino restaurant. It was one of the worst high-rise fires in United States history, killing 85 people. Smoke traveled up into the hotel tower, killing most of the victims. The fire made such an impact on hotel safety that it led to the implementation of fire safety improvements worldwide. The fire forced the temporary closure of the resort. State gaming revenues were hurt by the closure, as the MGM was one of the largest tax contributors to the local gaming industry. The county lost an estimated $1.7 million because of the closure.
Earlier in 1980, construction had begun on an additional hotel tower. Construction resumed shortly after the fire. Over the next eight months, the other MGM Grand facilities were rebuilt at a cost of $50 million, which included the implementation of new fire safety features. As the reopening approached, the resort saw strong demand in its convention bookings.
The MGM Grand held a low-key reopening on July 29, 1981, followed by an official opening the next day. Both opening days lacked any large-scale festivities. A hotel spokesman said, "It would seem inappropriate, in terms of what happened in November, to have a grand celebration." When it reopened, the resort's casino area included . The new hotel tower was expected to be finished in September 1981. The tower added more than 700 rooms. Like the original tower, the new one also stood 26 stories high.
Bally's (1986–2022)
In late 1985, Bally Manufacturing announced plans to purchase the Las Vegas MGM and its Reno counterpart. The sale of the two hotels was finalized in April 1986, for $550 million, and they were renamed under the Bally's brand. The deal required the removal of logos throughout the resorts that depicted MGM's mascot, Leo the Lion. The jai alai court closed in the 1980s.
In July 1986, a man secretly placed a pipe bomb in the resort's sportsbook and later demanded $200,000 from the casino, threatening to detonate the bomb if he did not receive the money. The bomb was found by authorities and detonated by them outside of the resort, exploding only with the intensity of a firecracker. The man was found and arrested. In 1991, a small fire occurred on one side of the Bally's sign, which was located along the Las Vegas Strip. Workers were changing the sign's lights at the time of the fire, which caused $250,000 in damage.
In 1993, Bally's announced plans to create a new entrance along the Las Vegas Strip, on a three-acre property that was being used as a resort parking lot. The entrance would include moving walkways, and was expected to be complete by the end of 1994. The new entrance was designed by Brad Friedmutter. Moving walkways were added because of the distance between the resort's entrance and the sidewalk along the Strip. Also announced were plans for a monorail, which opened in June 1995. It ran from Bally's to a new MGM Grand resort, located further south on the Strip. The resort's shopping mall was renovated in 1995. The mall, known as Bally's Avenue Shoppes, included approximately 20 retailers. The former movie theater was converted into a new sportsbook, which was opened later in 1995, at a cost of $4 million. Bally Entertainment was purchased in 1996 by Hilton Hotels Corporation.
The world premiere of Star Trek: Insurrection was held in the resort's Jubilee Theater on December 10, 1998. That year, Hilton's casino resorts division was spun off into Park Place Entertainment. A Bally's sister property, Paris Las Vegas, opened in September 1999. Paris was tightly integrated with the Bally's property by a promenade. For many years, the two resorts operated under a single gaming license. Many of Bally's high-end customers began going to the Paris upon its opening. Bally's exterior received new paint, including the addition of blue stripes, to make it more presentable for the opening of Paris.
Park Place began a renovation of Bally's in 2000, including a modernization of the hotel rooms, casino floor, convention space, and restaurants. The resort's original sign, from 1973, was replaced with a new version in 2001, marking the conclusion of the renovation project. The sign is 150 feet high and cost $10 million, making it the most expensive sign on the Strip at the time of its installation. The sign is three-sided, each featuring a large Mitsubishi Diamond screen. In addition to advertising the resort, Park Place also rented the sign out to other advertisers. The MGM-Bally's monorail ended operations in 2003, to become part of the larger Las Vegas Monorail. That year, Park Place was renamed as Caesars Entertainment, Inc.
Harrah's Entertainment acquired the resort with its purchase of Caesars in June 2005. Harrah's considered numerous options for the Bally's property, including the possibility of renovating or renaming it. Another option was to demolish it to build a Horseshoe-branded hotel; the company had acquired the Horseshoe name in 2004, after purchasing the Binion's Horseshoe casino in downtown Las Vegas. A Bally's executive said that the moving-walkway entrance would eventually be redeveloped, saying "they have to do something because the land is just too valuable to sit there." The sportsbook was closed in 2009, and reopened later that year following renovations.
In 2010, Harrah's became Caesars Entertainment Corporation. In 2013, remodeling took place on the 756-room south tower, which was renamed as the Jubilee Tower in honor of the resort's long-running show Jubilee! The casino floor was also remodeled, and new restaurants were added. The Bally's Steakhouse, a well known eatery, was closed to make way for a larger restaurant called BLT Steak. The popular Sterling Brunch buffet operates in a portion of the steakhouse during weekends.
At the end of 2013, construction began on a new Bally's shopping mall called Grand Bazaar, based on the market of the same name in Istanbul. The outdoor mall was built on two acres of land along the Las Vegas Strip, replacing the moving-walkway entrance. Caesars leased the property to a retail developer and was also a partner in the new project. The mall was part of the ongoing renovations to the resort. The Grand Bazaar Shops were initially scheduled to open in December 2014, although construction delays pushed the opening back to February 26, 2015. It opened with 70 of its 110 retailers; the remainder would open gradually over the next several months.
For several years, the Grand Bazaar Shops included a Starbucks with bleacher seating and a large movie screen, the only location to have such features. At , it was the third largest Starbucks in the U.S. Bars and restaurants were added to the mall in 2016, to increase customer attendance. The mall includes restaurants Wahlburgers and Giordano's.
In May 2018, Caesars completed a $125 million redesign of 2,052 guest rooms and suites in the original northern tower, which was renamed as the Resort Tower. It had previously operated as the Indigo Tower. Bally's includes the biggest tennis court on the Las Vegas Strip.
Horseshoe Las Vegas (2022–present)
On January 26, 2022, Caesars announced that the property would be rebranded Horseshoe Las Vegas as part of a multi-million dollar renovation project, including exterior renovations, new restaurants, and a revamp of the casino floor. Bally's remained open during the renovation work, which excluded the hotel rooms.
Horseshoe Las Vegas is named after the original Binion's Horseshoe, which was renamed Binion's Gambling Hall in 2005. The rebranding of Bally's took effect on December 15, 2022, with the exterior still undergoing final changes. A ceremony was held on March 24, 2023, marking completion of the rebranding.
The renovation work included new wallpaper, paint, and carpeting. The casino floor received a spacious new layout, and the poker room was updated to include 4 new tables for a total of 18. The sportsbook was relocated to the main casino floor, and the original location was converted into a video game arcade with more than 80 games. A new restaurant, Jack Binion's Steak, was added as well. It replaced BLT Steak, which closed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada and never reopened. Chef Martin Yan is scheduled to open an Asian restaurant, M.Y. Asia, in 2023. A glass case of $10,000 bills, previously displayed for decades at Binion's Horseshoe, was restored at the new Horseshoe.
In 2022, Bally's and Paris became the first Strip properties to host the World Series of Poker, an annual event which debuted at Binion's Horseshoe in 1970. The event returned to Paris and the rebranded Horseshoe in 2023.
In 2023, Caesars announced plans to renovate the Jubilee Tower (rumored to be renamed to the Versailles tower) and incorporate it into Paris Las Vegas by the end of the year, thus reducing the room count at Horseshoe.
Entertainment
Performers and shows
When it opened in 1973, the MGM Grand Hotel featured two large theatres: the Ziegfeld Room, with a capacity of 800 people; and the Celebrity Room, with capacity for 1,200. The Ziegfeld featured productions by famed Las Vegas choreographer Donn Arden, including Hallelujah Hollywood, which ran until 1980. The resort also hosted Arden's long-running theatrical show Jubilee! It premiered at the resort in 1981 and eventually closed in 2016, making it one of the longest-running shows in Las Vegas history. A motorcycle stunt show by Nitro Circus was to replace Jubilee!, although it was put on hold and ultimately never opened.
Sergio Franchi was the first entertainer signed to star in the Celebrity Room (three-year contract starting February 1974). Franchi's frequent co-star was comedian Joan Rivers. The Celebrity Room also hosted such acts as the Carpenters and Barry Manilow. Other notable performers at the resort have included Lou Rawls, Sam Kinison, Andrew Dice Clay, Bob Dylan, Liza Minnelli, Taylor Hicks, and Dionne Warwick. Penn & Teller made their Las Vegas Strip debut at the Celebrity Room in 1993.
The Celebrity Room was eventually demolished to connect Bally's with Paris. In 2003, there were plans to build a seven-story theater on an acre of land at Bally's east side. The theater was to host a new show starring Esther Williams, although both projects were scrapped. The Price Is Right Live! debuted at Bally's Jubilee Theater in April 2006. It was a scaled-down version of the television program.
During 2012, The Amazing Johnathan hosted a magic show in a space formerly used for the resort's buffet, which had closed several years earlier. Tony n' Tina's Wedding also premiered in the former buffet space in 2012, followed by another show, Divorce Party the Musical. The buffet space was renamed as the Windows Showroom. Tony n' Tina's Wedding ended in 2016, but returned two years later at the resort's Buca di Beppo restaurant. From 2016 to 2018, Wayne Newton hosted a show in the Windows Showroom called Wayne Newton: Up Close and Personal. It included singing and sharing stories with the audience.
An audience participation game show, titled Miss Behave, debuted at Bally's in 2017, and ended three years later. Masters of Illusion, a magic show based on the television series of the same name, began its run at the Jubilee Theater in 2017. In 2019, the Windows Showroom debuted a show by magician Xavier Mortimer, and a Harry Potter parody show titled Potted Potter.
The variety show Extravaganza debuted in the Jubilee Theater in March 2020, but was closed after one show, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It reopened later in the year, and performed its 100th show in February 2021.
Attractions
A nightclub by Victor Drai, called Drais After Hours, opened at Bally's in May 2013. It had previously operated across the street at Bill's Gambling Hall and Saloon, which was now undergoing renovations, prompting the temporary relocation of Drais. In June 2014, Victor Drai turned the Bally's location into Liaison, a club catering to a gay clientele. It closed in February 2015, because of low attendance.
In 2016, singer John Rich opened a country music club at the Grand Bazaar Shops called Redneck Riviera, which eventually closed in 2018.
A miniature golf course, themed after The Twilight Zone, was opened at the end of 2017. The course was created by Monster Mini Golf, and it also includes an arcade and bowling. A horror-themed escape room opened in 2018. The resort is also home to the Real Bodies exhibit, which showcases real specimens of the human body as well as different organs.
Media history
Shortly after the 1973 opening, MGM had planned to shoot two television pilots at the resort. In 1981, a remake of Grand Hotel (1932) was being prepared, with filming to take place at the MGM Grand. However, the project was shelved after MGM film executives realized that director Norman Jewison would have final cut privilege. The executives were concerned about the MGM Grand being portrayed in a negative way. The remake of Grand Hotel was never made. Several films and television series were later shot at the resort, and it would appear in other media as well.
The MGM Grand hosted The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast in the Ziegfeld Room from 1974 to 1984.
The MGM was also used as a filming location for the 1982 film Lookin' to Get Out.
Featured in the 1985 MGM film Rocky IV, as the site of Apollo Creed's fatal exhibition bout against Ivan Drago. The theater, and set pieces, for Jubilee! are prominently displayed during the scene.
Featured in the 1985 film Fever Pitch, evidently when the sale of the casino was pending.
Hosted Late Night with David Letterman for a week in May 1987.
Side 1 of Sam Kinison's 1990 comedy album Leader of The Banned was recorded at Bally's.
Featured in the 1991 comedy Hot Shots!, when the pilot nicknamed "Wash Out" mistakes a runway and lands near the hotel (which features Tom Jones at the time).
Featured prominently in the 1992 film Honeymoon in Vegas, starring Nicolas Cage and Sarah Jessica Parker.
Featured in the 1995 film Leaving Las Vegas, also starring Cage and Elisabeth Shue.
Featured in the 2004 video game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas as the "High Roller".
Bally's Las Vegas hosted Spike TV's 2006 poker tournament series King of Vegas, which filmed in a temporary studio constructed in a parking lot behind the resort.
Featured in the 2013 film The Incredible Burt Wonderstone, starring Steve Carell and Steve Buscemi.
Bally's Las Vegas hosted the second season of the 2015 syndicated game show Monopoly Millionaires' Club.
A head chef position at BLT Steak, located inside the hotel, was awarded to Ariel Malone, the winner of Hell's Kitchen's 15th season.
The Jubilee Theater was the filming location for the American version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? from 2016 until it ended in 2019.
References
External links
1973 establishments in Nevada
Casino hotels
Casinos in the Las Vegas Valley
Hotels established in 1973
Hotel buildings completed in 1973
Resorts in the Las Vegas Valley
Skyscraper hotels in Paradise, Nevada
Reportedly haunted locations in Nevada
Caesars Entertainment
|
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] |
13667797
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20hour%20run
|
One hour run
|
The one hour run is an athletics event in which competitors try to cover as much distance as possible within one hour. While officially recognized by World Athletics as a track event, it is rarely contested apart from occasional world record attempts.
The event has a long history, with first recorded races dating back to the late 17th century.
The first athlete to run more than 20 kilometers in one hour was Emil Zátopek, in September 1951. Zátopek also set the 20,000 meters world record in the same race. Since that time, most men's 20,000 m world records were also set en route to one hour world records.
The men's world record is , set by Mo Farah, while the women's world record is , set by Sifan Hassan. Both were set on 4 September 2020 during the 2020 Diamond League Ivo Van Damme Memorial.
Men's world record progression
Women's world record progression
All-time top 25
Men
Updated September 2022.
Women
Updated September 2020.
Mx = Mixed race
References
External links
IAAF list of one-hour records in XML
Events in track and field
Long-distance running
Hour record
|
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] |
24469234
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Sentarum%20National%20Park
|
Lake Sentarum National Park
|
The Lake Sentarum National Park () is a national park protecting one of the world's most biodiverse lake systems, located in the heart of Borneo Island, Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. It lies in the upper Kapuas River tectonic basin some 700 kilometres upstream from the delta. The basin is a vast floodplain, consisting of about 20 seasonal lakes, freshwater swamp forest and peat swamp forest. Local people call it as Lebak lebung (floodplain). The National Park is located in the western part of this basin, where three-quarters of the seasonal lakes occur. Approximately half of the park consists of lakes, while the other half consists of freshwater swamp forest.
An area of 800 km2 was first gazetted as Wildlife Reserve in 1982, which in 1994 was extended to 1,320 km2 (890 km2 is swamp forest area and 430 km2 is dry-land) when it became a Ramsar site. In 1999 it was declared a National Park, however a National Park Authority was only established in 2006.
Danau Sentarum National Park has a rich fish fauna with around 240 recorded species, including the Asian arowana and clown loach botia. During a biological expedition, scientists found species of such fish genera as Chitala, Scleropages, Chitala, Channa, Leptobarbus, Parachela, including many new species. There have been 237 bird species recorded including the Storm's stork and great argus. Of the 143 mammal species 23 are endemic to Borneo including the proboscis monkey. There is a relatively large population of the endangered orangutans present in the park. The 26 reptile species include the false gharial and estuarine crocodile.
The lakes support a large traditional fishing industry. The western part of the upper Kapuas floodplain is inhabited by almost 20,000 people, 88% of which are Malay fishermen. About 3,000 people live in about 20 village enclaves within the Park.
See also
List of national parks of Indonesia
Heart of Borneo
References
National parks of Indonesia
Ramsar sites in Indonesia
Geography of West Kalimantan
Wetlands of Indonesia
Floodplains of Asia
Tourist attractions in West Kalimantan
Protected areas of Kalimantan
Landforms of West Kalimantan
Borneo lowland rain forests
Borneo peat swamp forests
Sundaland heath forests
Kapuas basin
|
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] |
49482422
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Danish%20women%20artists
|
List of Danish women artists
|
This is a list of women artists who were born in Denmark or whose artworks are closely associated with that country.
A
Gudrun Stig Aagaard (1895–1986), textile artist
Astrid Aagesen (1883–1965), designer working with tin and silver, active in Helsingborg, Sweden
Nanna Aakjær (1874–1962), carpenter and woodcarver
Naja Abelsen (born 1964), Greenlandic painter and illustrator
Lene Adler Petersen (born 1944), multidisciplinary artist
Margrethe Agger (born 1943), textile artist specializing in tapestry
Else Alfelt (1910–1974), painter
Catherine Engelhart Amyot (1845–1926), portrait and genre painter
Anna Ancher (1859–1935), painter associated with the Skagen Painters
Helga Ancher (1883–1964), painter, daughter of Anna and Michael Ancher
Rigmor Andersen (1903–1995), furniture designer
Astrid Andreasen (born 1948), Faroese textile and graphic artist
Pia Arke (1958–2007), Greenlandic visual and performance artist, writer and photographer
Aggi Ásgerð Ásgeirsdóttir (born 1966), Faroese visual artist
B
Marie Vilhelmine Bang (1848–1932), painter
Magdalene Bärens (1737–1808), painter
Merete Barker (born 1944), painter, contemporary artist
Gerda Bengtsson (1900–1995), textile artist
Johanne Bindesbøll (1851–1934), textile artist
Malene Birger (born 1962), fashion designer
Agnete Bjørneboe (born 1943), painter, mosaic artist and paper cutter
Anna Sofie Boesen Dreijer (1899–1986), schoolteacher and textile artist
Elisa Maria Boglino (1905–2002), painter
Thyra Boldsen (1884–1968), sculptor
Elna Borch (1869–1950), sculptor
Birthe Bovin (1908–1980), painter
Elise Brandes (1873–1918), sculptor
Margit Brandt (1945–2011), fashion designer
Lilian Brøgger (born 1950), illustrator
Birthe Bovin (1906–1980), painter associated with the Odsherred Painters
Lilian Brøgger (born 1950), illustrator
Laura Brun-Pedersen (1883–1961), landscape painter
Eva Louise Buus (born 1979), painter
C
Louise Campbell (born 1970), furniture and lighting designer
Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen (1863–1945), sculptor
Ebba Carstensen (1885–1967), Cubist painter
Bibi Chemnitz (born 1983), Greenlandic fashion designer
Anthonore Christensen (1849–1926), flower painter
Kirsten Christensen (born 1943), painter and ceramist
Franciska Clausen (1899–1986), painter
Marie Jeanne Clemens (1755–1791), French-Danish engraver, pastel artist
Kirsten Christensen (born 1943), painter, ceramist
Viera Collaro (born 1946), light art specialist
Hedvig Collin (1880–1964), painter, illustrator and children's writer
Lilibeth Cuenca Rasmussen (born 1970), Philippine-born video and performance artist
D
Dorte Dahlin (born 1955), painter, graphic artist
Inger Lut Debois (1931–2015), painter, headed the Danish Society of Female Artists
Kirsten Dehlholm (born 1945), scenic artist
Nanna Ditzel (1923–2005), furniture designer
Augusta Dohlmann (1847–1914), painter
Helen Dohlmann (1870–1942), sculptor
Bertha Dorph (1875–1960), painter, designer
Margrete Drejer (1889–1975), textile artist
Kirsten Dufour (born 1941), visual artist
E
Maja Lisa Engelhardt (born 1956), painter
Tina Enghoff (born 1957), photographer, video artist and writer
Lisa Engqvist (1914–1989), ceramist
Merete Erbou Laurent (born 1949), weaver and magazine editor
Helle-Vibeke Erichsen (1940–2016), etcher, painter, created caricatures of people she met
Gutte Eriksen (1918–2008), ceramist
Charlotte Eskildsen (born 1975), fashion designer
Helga Exner (born 1939), Czech-born Danish goldsmith and jeweller
F
Julie Fagerholt (born 1968), fashion designer
Sonja Ferlov Mancoba (1911–1984), avant-garde sculptor
Else Fischer-Hansen (1905–1996), abstract painter
Helga Foght (1902–1974), textile artist
Elna Fonnesbech-Sandberg (1892–1994), art collector, painter
Johanna Marie Fosie (1726–1764), Denmark's first professional female artist
Ingeborg Frederiksen (1886–1976), painter and botanical illustrator
Dagmar Freuchen-Gale (1907–1991), illustrator and writer
Edma Frølich (1859–1958), painter
G
Esther Gehlin (1892–1949), Danish-Swedish painter and textile artist
Emily Gernild (born 1985), Danish-born artist
Irene Griegst (born 1945), Moroccan-born Danish goldsmith
Edith Grøn (1917–1990), Danish-born Nicaraguan sculptor
H
Henriette Hahn-Brinckmann (1862–1934), painter, printmaker
Christina Liljenberg Halstrøm (born 1977), furniture designer
Bente Hammer (born 1950), textile artist and fashion designer
Charlotte Hanmann (born 1950), photographer, painter and graphic artist
Inger Hanmann (1918–2007), painter and enamelwork artist
Karen Hannover (1872–1943), ceramist
Gerda Henning (1891–1951), weaver and textile designer
Gesa Hansen (born 1981), German-Danish furniture designer
Charlotte Haslund-Christensen (born 1963), photographic artist
Emilie Demant Hatt (1873–1958), artist, writer and ethnographer
Irene Hedlund (born 1947), illustrator and children's writer
Effie Hegermann-Lindencrone (1869–1945), porcelain artist
Berit Heggenhougen-Jensen (born 1956), painter
Ella Heide (1871–1956), associated with the younger generation of Skagen painters
Hanne Hellesen (1801–1844), flower painter
Ghita Hempel (1899–1948), painter
Marie Henriques (1866–1944), painter
Louise Hindsgavl (born 1973), ceramic artist
Berit Hjelholt (1920–2016), textile artist
Anne Mette Hjortshøj, contemporary studio potter
Aka Høegh (born 1947), Greenlandic painter, graphic artist and sculptor
Hanna Hoffmann (1868–1917), sculptor, silversmith and textile artist
Nina Hole (1941–2016), ceramist
Astrid Holm (1876–1937), painter and textile artist
Ebba Holm (1889–1967), painter, engraver
Olivia Holm-Møller (1875–1970), painter, sculptor
Sophie Holten (1858–1930), painter
Suzette Holten (1863–1937), painter, ceramist
Anne-Birthe Hove (1951–2012), Greenlandic graphic artist
Jytte Høy (born 1951), contemporary artist, educator
Bizzie Høyer (1888–1971), painter, art teacher
Lone Høyer Hansen (born 1950), sculptor
I
Lucie Ingemann (1792–1868), painter, remembered for altar paintings
J
Ville Jais Nielsen (1886–1949), portrait painter
Grete Jalk (1920–2006), furniture designer
Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann (1819–1881), Polish-Danish painter
Kirsten Justesen (born 1943), sculptor, scenographer, installation artist
K
Bodil Kaalund (1930–2016), painter, textile artist, church decorator
Sigrid Kähler (1874–1923), ceramist and painter
Jane Jin Kaisen (born 1980), visual artist, filmmaker
Sophia Kalkau (born 1960), multidisciplinary artist
Rita Kernn-Larsen (1904–1998), surrealist painter
Helvig Kinch (1872–1956), painter
Bodil Kjær (born 1932), furniture designer
Elle Klarskov Jørgensen (born 1958), sculptor
Kirsten Kjær (1893–1985), expressive painter
Kirsten Klein (born 1945), photographer
Anna Klindt Sørensen (1899–1985), painter
Vibeke Klint (1927–2019), textile artist
Eva Koch (born 1953), sculptor
Elise Konstantin-Hansen (1858–1946), painter, ceramist
Ann-Mari Kornerup (1918–2006), Swedish-Danish textile artist
Holcha Krake (1885–1944), textile artist
Theodora Krarup (1862–1941), portrait painter
Ellen Krause (1905–1990), painter associated with the Odsherred Painters
Johanne Cathrine Krebs (1848–1924), painter
Nathalie Krebs (1895–1978), potter
Dorthe Kristoffersen (1906–1976), Greenlandic sculptor
K'itura Kristoffersen (born 1939). Greenlandic sculptor
Sara Kristoffersen (1937–2008), Greenlandic sculptor
Charlotte Christiane von Krogh (1827–1913), painter
Marie Krøyer (1867–1940), painter associated with the Skagen Painters
L
Jenny la Cour (1849–1928), textile artist and educator
Marie Gudme Leth (1895–1997), textile designer pioneering screen printing
Kirsten Lockenwitz (born 1932), painter and sculptor
Alexia de Lode (1737–1765), copper-plate etcher
Christine Løvmand (1803–1872), painter
Agnes Lunn (1850–1941), painter, sculptor
Marie Luplau (1848–1925), painter
Anne Marie Lütken (1916–2001), painter
Julie Lütken (1788–1816), early landscape painter
Sigrid Lütken (1915–2008), sculptor focusing on abstract works depicting plants, animals and people
Nanna Lysholt Hansen (fl. 2005–), performance artist and curator
M
Anne Sofie Madsen (born 1979), fashion designer
Lise Malinovsky (born 1957), painter
Thyra Manicus-Hansen (1872–1906), ceramic artist, trade unionist
Cecilie Manz (born 1972), furniture designer
Cathrine Marie Møller (1744–1811), embroiderer
Christel Marott (1919–1992), illustrator, painter and sculptor
Julie Marstrand (1882–1943), Danish sculptor and writer
Helene Moltke-Leth (born 1973), film director and artist
Inger Møller (1886–1979), silversmith
Dea Trier Mørch (1941–2001), artist, writer
Ursula Munch-Petersen (born 1937), ceramist
Emilie Mundt (1842–1922), painter
Jane Muus (1919–2007), painter, illustrator
Elna Mygdal (1868–1940), textile artist, museum director
Vera Myhre (1920–2000), painter and graphic artist
N
Kim Naver (born 1940), designer and textile artist
Elisabeth Neckelmann (1884–1956), painter and head of the Danish Society of Female Artists
Hermania Neergaard (1799–1875), still life painter
Jette Nevers (born 1943), textile artist and designer
Elsa Nielsen (1923–2011), graphic artist
Ville Jais Nielsen (1886–1949), painter
Astrid Noack (1888–1954), sculptor
Ernestine Nyrop (1888–1975), textile artist and fresco painter
O
Tove Ólafsson (1909–1992), sculptor
Dagmar Olrik (1860–1932), painter and tapestry artist
Kirsten Ortwed (born 1948), sculptor
Sara Mathilde Øster (born 1973), painter
P
Sophie Pedersen (1885–1950), painter
Johanne Pedersen-Dan (1860–1934), sculptor
Anna Petersen (1845–1910), painter
Nielsine Petersen (1851–1916), sculptor
Ingeborg Plockross Irminger (1872–1962), sculptor
Etiyé Dimma Poulsen (born 1968), sculptor, ceramist
Gudrun Poulsen (1918–1999), painter, president of Kvindelige Kunstneres Samfund, female artists society
Bolette Puggaard (1798–1847), landscape painter
R
Anu Ramdas (born 1980), artist
Pia Ranslet (born 1956), painter and sculptor
Franka Rasmussen (1907–1994), German-born Danish textile artist
Louise Ravn-Hansen (1849–1909), painter and etcher
Jane Reumert (1942–2016), ceramist
Jytte Rex (born 1942), painter, writer, filmmaker
Lise Ring (born 1936), sculptor and art organization player
Monica Ritterband (born 1955), artist, designer
Elizabeth Romhild (born 1960), Danish-Armenian painter, sculptor and designer
S
Naja Salto (1945–2016), textile artist
Marie Sandholt (1872–1942), painter and ceramist
Anna Sarauw (1839–1919), textile artist
Helen Schou (1905–2006), sculptor
Alev Ebüzziya Siesbye (born 1938), Turkish-Danish ceramist
Vigdis Sigmundsdóttir (1934–2023), Faroese collage artist
Agnes Slott-Møller (1862–1937), symbolist painter
Ruth Smith (1913–1958), Faroese painter
Dagmar Starcke (1899–1975), textile artist
Georgia Skovgaard (1828–1868), embroiderer
Agnes Slott-Møller (1862–1937), painter
Agnes Smidt (1874–1952), painter and Danish culture supporter in Southern Jutland
Eva Sørensen (1940–2019), sculptor, ceramist
Grethe Sørensen (born 1947), textile artist
Dagmar Starcke (1899–1975), painter and textile artist
Nina Sten-Knudsen (born 1957), painter
Birte Stenbak (born 1938), goldsmith and jewellery designer
Gudrun Stig Aagaard (1895–1986), textile designer
Karen Strand (1924–2000), goldsmith, jewellery designer
Kamma Svensson (1908–1998), illustrator
Christine Swane (1876–1960), painter
Anna Syberg (1870–1914), painter
T
Anne Marie Telmányi (1893–1983), painter, writer
Anna Thommesen (1908–2004), textile artist
Emma Thomsen (1820–1897), painter
Pauline Thomsen (1858–1931), painter, art teacher
Helle Thorborg (born 1927), painter and graphic designer
Elisa Marie Thornam (1857–1901), painter and illustrator
Emmy Thornam (1852–1935), flower painter and writer
Ludovica Thornam (1853–1896), painter
Jette Thyssen (born 1933), textile artist
Elisabeth Toubro (born 1956), sculptor
Paula Trock (1889–1979), weaver, textile artist
Eleonora Tscherning (1817–1890), painter, memoirist
Nicoline Tuxen (1847–1931), painter
U
Sara Ulrik (1855–1916), flower painter
Lin Utzon (born 1946), ceramics, textiles
Susanne Ussing (1940–1998), artist, ceramist, architect
V
Ingrid Vang Nyman (1916–1959), illustrator
Hanne Varming (born 1939), sculptor and medallist
Gertrud Vasegaard (1913–2007), ceramist
Hanne Vedel (born 1933), weaver
Adelgunde Vogt (1811–1892), sculptor
W
Olga Wagner (1873–1963), painter and sculptor
Clara Wæver (1855–1930), embroiderer
Elisabeth Wandel (1850–1926), painter
Gertie Wandel (1894–1988), textile artist
Lise Warburg (born 1932), textile artist and writer
Gerda Wegener (1886–1940), painter, illustrator
Bertha Wegmann (1846–1926), portrait painter
Ida Winckler (1907–1995), textile artist, specializing in embroidery
See also
List of Danish women photographers
List of Scandinavian textile artists
-
Danish women artists, List of
Artists
Artists
|
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] |
30139535
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patleyna%20Glacier
|
Patleyna Glacier
|
Patleyna Glacier (, ) is the long and wide glacier on the east side of north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica, situated north of the upper course of Ellen Glacier. It is draining the east slopes of Mount Todd and the north slopes of Chepino Saddle, and flowing north-northwestwards to join Embree Glacier southeast of Mount Goldthwait and west of Oreshak Peak.
The glacier is named after the nature reserve of Patleyna in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Location
Patleyna Glacier is centred at . US mapping in 1961, updated in 1988.
See also
List of glaciers in the Antarctic
Glaciology
Maps
Vinson Massif. Scale 1:250 000 topographic map. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey, 1988.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly updated.
References
Patleyna Glacier. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
External links
Patleyna Glacier. Copernix satellite image
Glaciers of Ellsworth Land
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
|
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65333536
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%20of%20War%20Ragnar%C3%B6k
|
God of War Ragnarök
|
God of War Ragnarök is an action-adventure game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. It was released worldwide on November 9, 2022, for both the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5, marking the first cross-gen release in the God of War series. It is the ninth installment in the series, the ninth chronologically, and the sequel to 2018's God of War. Loosely based on Norse mythology, the game is set in ancient Scandinavia and features series protagonist, Kratos, and his now teenage son, Atreus. Concluding the Norse era of the series, the game covers Ragnarök, the eschatological event which is central to Norse mythology and was foretold to happen in the previous game after Kratos killed the Aesir god Baldur.
The gameplay is similar to the previous 2018 installment. It features combo-based combat, as well as puzzle and role-playing elements. The gameplay has been revamped from the previous game: in addition to Kratos' main weapons, a magical battle axe and his double-chained blades, he also acquires a magical spear and his shield has become more versatile, with different types of shields that have differing offensive and defensive abilities. His son Atreus, as well as some other characters, provide assistance in combat and can be passively controlled. Additionally, and for the first time in the series, there are some story missions where the player takes full control of Atreus; his gameplay is similar to Kratos, but he uses his magical bow as his weapon. There are also more enemy types and mini-bosses than in the previous game. Originally slated for a 2021 release, the game was delayed in part due to Kratos actor Christopher Judge's health problems in August 2019, and later, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on development.
Ragnarök garnered universal acclaim from critics and was praised for its storytelling, characters, visuals, level design, music, and overall improvements to the gameplay over its predecessor. At The Game Awards 2022, the game received a leading 11 nominations, including Game of the Year, winning six. It also won Adventure Game of the Year at the 26th Annual D.I.C.E. Awards. It received a leading 15 nominations at the 19th British Academy Games Awards, the most nominations for any game in the history of the ceremony, from which it won six awards, including the EE Game of the Year Award. The game was a commercial success, selling 5.1 million units in its first week, becoming the fastest-selling first-party game in PlayStation history, with 11 million copies sold by February 2023.
Gameplay
God of War Ragnarök is a third-person action-adventure game. It features an over-the-shoulder player-controlled camera, and the game is presented with no camera cuts or loading screens. The gameplay is similar to the previous installment, God of War (2018), including being single-player-only. Throughout the game, players battle Norse mythological foes, with more enemy types than in the prior entry, including newer enemies, such as einherjar, wyverns, stalkers (centaur-like creatures with antlers), phantoms, human raiders, and nokkens, among many others. The developers also added more mini-bosses to give the game more variety.
The player primarily controls the character Kratos in combo-based combat and puzzle game elements. Kratos' main weapons are a magical battle axe called the Leviathan Axe, and his signature double-chained blades, the Blades of Chaos. He also dons his original Guardian Shield, and utilizes hand-to-hand combat. The Leviathan Axe is infused with ice elemental magic. It can be thrown at enemies and magically summoned back to his hand, similar to Thor's hammer Mjölnir. The weapon can be thrown at environmental objects to trigger a damaging explosion, and freeze objects and some enemies in place for puzzle-solving until resummoned. The Blades of Chaos, infused with fire elemental magic, are a pair of blades attached to chains that can be swung around in various maneuvers. A new mechanic for Ragnarök is that the blades can be used like a grappling hook to traverse over chasms, and pick up objects to hurl at enemies. Kratos also obtains a new weapon called the Draupnir Spear, a close- and long-range attack spear that is infused with wind elemental magic and can make copies of itself; Kratos can throw multiple spears at an enemy then have them all explode at once. The spear is also used to traverse or unblock certain pathways. Each weapon has standard light and heavy attacks. They can be upgraded with runes to allow for magical runic attacks, with slots for a light and heavy magical attack, providing a variety of play style options. Additionally, a "Weapon Signature Move" ability was added, which unleashes a powerful magical attack for the equipped weapon. Another added mechanic is that if on a higher ledge, the player can leap down to perform a powerful weapon attack on enemies below.
The developers also revamped the shield for versatility beyond a minor parry; different shields can be obtained and used offensively or defensively depending on which is equipped. Smaller shields are more for parrying and can stun enemies while larger ones are more defensive and can create a large wave of energy to knock enemies back. Kratos' Spartan Rage ability was also updated to three variants: Fury, Valor, and Wrath. Fury is the standard mode for Spartan Rage and is identical to the previous game in which Kratos uses bare handed attacks to greatly damage enemies. Valor consumes rage energy to restore health and can also be used as a parry if activated precisely, while Wrath unleashes a powerful weapon attack for the equipped weapon.
The character Atreus provides assistance through artificial intelligence (AI), helping in combat, traversal, exploration, and puzzle-solving. The player can passively control Atreus by dictating where he fires his arrows with his bow, either in combat or for puzzle-solving, as well as what magical spectral animals he can summon to further assist with combat. Additionally, Atreus' combat was updated to reflect his character's growth. He has longer chained combos, may initiate a fight before Kratos, and his magical abilities were expanded. There are also points in the game where another character will accompany Kratos instead of Atreus and they too can be passively controlled. For the first time in the God of War series, the player can play entirely as a character other than Kratos (not including Ascensions multiplayer). This only occurs during some story missions when Atreus goes off on his own without Kratos and the player takes full control of Atreus. His gameplay is similar to Kratos in that he has close range combat by hitting enemies with his bow, and he has long range attacks by using his bow to shoot arrows. Additionally, he has special magical arrows, can create a shield from magic, and can summon magical spectral animals to assist in combat. Atreus also has his own rage ability in which he transforms into a wolf (and later, a bear) to deal greater damage. During these missions, Atreus typically has another character accompanying him and the player can passively control this character just as they do with Atreus when playing as Kratos. For some missions, Atreus has a magical floating sword called Ingrid that replaces the accompanying character.
The game retains the role-playing video game (RPG) elements of the 2018 installment. This includes the crafting system with many of the same resources to create new armor or upgrade existing armor and weapons with better perks. There are also many side quests found outside the game's core narrative. Ragnarök also adds armor transmogrification, which allows the player to change the appearance of their equipped armor to any other acquired armor without losing any of the equipped armor's stats.
Ragnarök has over 70 accessibility options. The game's user interface (UI) system was redesigned "to allow for more flexibility and readability", and more customization options for combat and interaction systems were also added. All accessibility features from the 2018 installment were retained but also expanded upon to allow players to adjust the gameplay to suit their own play style and needs.
Synopsis
Setting
Ragnarök is set in the world of Norse mythology, taking place three years after the previous game. Unlike that prior entry, all nine realms of Norse mythology are visited as part of the story. Midgard is the primary realm which has become a frigid wasteland, dramatically changed by Fimbulwinter, a three-year long winter that began upon the conclusion of the previous game. The Lake of the Nine, previously navigable by means of a boat, is now frozen over, with Kratos making use of a sleigh and two pet wolves to navigate around the area. The other returning realms include Alfheim, the mystical home of the dark and light Elves; Helheim, the icy land of the dead; Jötunheim, land of the Giants; the fiery realm Muspelheim, and fog realm Niflheim, now covered with ice and snow—the latter two were previously optional to explore. The three new realms for Ragnarök include Svartalfheim, the industrial abode of the Dwarves; Vanaheim, the lush home of the Vanir gods as well as the giant wolves Sköll and Hati; and Asgard, the humble home of the Aesir gods that is only visited as part of the story and cannot be accessed after its conclusion.
Characters
The main protagonists are Kratos (played by Christopher Judge) and his teenage son, Atreus (Sunny Suljic). Kratos is the former Greek God of War, while Atreus is half Giant, one-quarter god, and one-quarter mortal and is also referred to by his Giant name, Loki. Since the conclusion of the previous game, Kratos and Atreus have been in hiding at their home in Scandinavia in the realm of Midgard, training for the inevitable battle ahead of them. They are often accompanied by the head of Mímir (Alastair Duncan), who claims to be the smartest man alive and is a loyal companion who provides knowledge and counsel. Other major returning characters include Freya (Danielle Bisutti), a Vanir goddess, former Queen of the Valkyries, and Odin's ex-wife, also known as Frigg, who seeks revenge against Kratos and Atreus for the death of her son, Baldur; and the Huldra Brothers, Brok (Robert Craighead) and Sindri (Adam Harrington), a pair of dwarven blacksmiths who assist Kratos and Atreus by forging new gear and also found a way to travel to other realms without using the realm travel table in Týr's Temple. A new character is Angrboda (Laya DeLeon Hayes), one of the last remaining Giants who had been in hiding in Jötunheim in a secluded forest called the Ironwood, protecting its animals.
The game's primary antagonist is the Aesir god Odin (Richard Schiff), the king of Asgard and Allfather of the Nine Realms. An unseen character in the previous game, he is a pathological liar and manipulator obsessed with preventing his death at Ragnarök and will take any means to stop it. He lost an eye while looking into a rift between worlds in hopes of finding answers to prevent the catastrophic event. His ravens, including Huginn and Muninn, allow him and the Aesir to travel freely to any realm, and they are his watchful eyes over them. Thor (Ryan Hurst), Aesir God of Thunder and eldest son of Odin, serves as a secondary antagonist; he is the half-brother of Baldur and father of Modi and Magni, all of whom Kratos and Atreus killed in the previous game. He wields the hammer Mjölnir with which he slays Giants, despite being part-Giant himself, and does the bidding of his father although constantly belittled by him. Another antagonist is the Aesir god Heimdall (Scott Porter), another son of Odin and half-brother to Thor who has a superiority complex and believes himself untouchable due to his foresight ability. Known as the "Herald of Ragnarök", he watches over Asgard for threats, rides atop the horse Gulltoppr, and possesses the magical horn Gjallarhorn that signals the start of Ragnarök and opens simultaneous realm travel to Asgard.
Other characters include Freyr (Brett Dalton), Freya's Vanir twin brother who has been leading a resistance against Odin and the Aesir in Vanaheim; Týr (Ben Prendergast), the Norse God of War but a peaceful one who was thought to have been killed by Odin prior to the events of the previous game; Sif (Emily Rose), Thor's golden-haired Aesir wife who wants Thor to stand up to Odin; Thrúd (Mina Sundwall), the daughter of Thor and Sif who dreams of becoming a Valkyrie and is unaware of Odin's true nature; and Surtr (Chris Browning), a fire Giant who lives in Muspelheim. The three Norns also appear, who are the Fates of Norse mythology—Urð (Kate Miller), the Norn associated with the past, Verðandi (Emily O'Brien), the Norn associated with the present, and Skuld (Shelby Young), the Norn associated with the future. Kratos' second wife—Atreus' mother—Laufey (Deborah Ann Woll), a Giantess who goes by Faye for short and had died shortly before the start of the previous game, appears in flashbacks to Kratos, preparing him for her death and her final wish, which was the basis of the previous game.
Plot
Near the end of Fimbulwinter, Kratos and Atreus return home—fending off an ambush from a vengeful Freya—to find their wolf Fenrir in his final moments. Atreus' grief transforms him into a bear through his still-uncontrolled Giant and godly magic, briefly battling Kratos before returning to his senses. As prophesied in Atreus' dream three winters ago, Thor arrives with Odin, who proposes leaving them alone if Atreus abandons his secret search for Týr. Kratos refuses and duels Thor to a stalemate, and Odin tells Atreus he will leave Kratos alone if the former comes to Asgard. Kratos, Atreus, and Mímir take refuge at Sindri's home on a branch of Yggdrasil in the center of the nine realms.
Atreus admits he and Sindri have been searching for clues about Týr's whereabouts. Though angered at Atreus' secrecy, Kratos reluctantly agrees to help him and they rescue a pacifistic Týr in Svartalfheim. The group head to Gróa's shrine in Alfheim to understand the prophecy concerning Ragnarök and learn Gróa lied: only Asgard is fated to be destroyed while all other realms survive under a new champion, implied to be Atreus under the name Loki.
Kratos and Atreus argue over the latter's supposed destiny. That night, Atreus is magically transported to Jötunheim where he meets Angrboda who shows him a mural foretelling Kratos' death in Ragnarök and Atreus serving Odin. Atreus learns the Giants transferred their souls into spiritual stones; he is entrusted with them and puts a Giant's soul into a snake's body. Atreus returns to Midgard and hides his journey from an infuriated Kratos. Freya attacks again, agreeing to spare Kratos if he helps her break the curse binding her to Midgard — she temporarily circumvents it by taking form of a falcon. In Vanaheim, Kratos opens up to Freya about his first family's deaths in Greece, his vengeance against Olympus, and the emptiness of revenge. After breaking the curse, Freya and Kratos make amends.
Later, Kratos and Atreus argue regarding the latter's deceitful behavior; Atreus flees to Asgard to find a way to prevent Kratos' death. He works with Thor and Thrúd to prevent Ragnarök by reassembling an ancient mask for Odin that can supposedly grant infinite knowledge. Meanwhile, Kratos, Freya, and Mímir visit the Norns who say Heimdall is destined to kill Atreus. Kratos and Brok forge the Draupnir ring into a powerful spear, capable of harming Heimdall. In Helheim, Atreus releases the soulless giant wolf Garm who begins tearing holes in the realms. After reuniting with Kratos, Atreus — realizing Fenrir's soul was bound to his knife when he died — resurrects Fenrir by transferring his soul into Garm. Kratos and Atreus then reconcile. With Mímir and Freya, they return to Vanaheim to rescue Freyr from the Aesir. Kratos is forced to kill Heimdall and claims Gjallarhorn, setting Ragnarök in motion.
Atreus returns to Asgard and finishes assembling the mask in Niflheim before escaping with it after Thor attempts to kill him. At the refuge, Týr unexpectedly agrees to fight and asks for the mask; suspicious of Týr's change of heart, Brok realizes he is calling Atreus "Loki", like Asgardians. Týr fatally stabs Brok, revealing he has been Odin in disguise. The group drives him away but a grief-stricken Sindri blames Atreus for Brok's death and abandons the group. Atreus and Kratos commit to Ragnarök, entering Muspelheim to help Surtr achieve a destined primordial form that will destroy Asgard.
The united forces of the realms gather under Kratos' leadership; he sounds Gjallarhorn to begin the siege of Asgard. The battle begins poorly; the Elves and Vanir struggle with Asgard's defenses, Sindri comes alone to avoid more dwarven deaths, and the army is forced to rescue innocent Midgardian refugees. The tides turn when Angrboda arrives with Fenrir and the snake Atreus saved, now fully grown into Jörmungandr, who battles Thor while Sindri destroys Asgard's protective wall. Thrúd and Sif defect after discovering Odin used refugees as shields. Thor knocks Jörmungandr back in time and again battles Kratos, but is convinced to stand down to help his family, only to be killed by Odin for disobeying. Kratos, Atreus, Freya, and Mímir overpower and defeat Odin; Atreus shatters the mask and traps Odin's soul in a spiritual stone (mirroring the mural he saw in Jötunheim), which a vengeful Sindri smashes to ensure Odin dies. Freyr sacrifices himself so everyone can flee as Surtr destroys Asgard.
In Midgard, Atreus reunites with Angrboda, who shows him and Kratos a mural Faye had destroyed so they could determine their own fate. Atreus resolves to find other surviving Giants, and bids a heartfelt farewell to his father. Shortly afterward, Kratos discovers a second mural depicting him as a god of peace and justice, beloved and worshiped by the people. Overcome with emotion and finally hopeful about his future, Kratos recruits Freya and Mímir to rebuild and restore peace. Asgard's Einherjar are cleared out. Freya kills the vengeful Valkyrie Queen Gná and reclaims her mantle. The Aesir relocate to Vanaheim and achieve peace with the Vanir. Thrúd wields Mjölnir to honor Thor. The real Týr is freed in Niflheim. In the secret ending, Kratos, Freya, Mímir, and a still grieving Sindri attend a funeral for Brok in Svartalfheim.
Development
During the development of God of War (2018), that game's director, Cory Barlog, confirmed that the 2018 installment would not be Kratos' last game, and that future games would continue to be set in the Norse environment and include Atreus. A sequel was then teased at the end of that game; it ended with Ragnarök looming, as well as a secret ending that showed a vision of Thor confronting Kratos and Atreus at the end of Fimbulwinter. Following this saw various pre-release marketing materials that included the hidden phrase "Ragnarök is coming".
During the PlayStation 5 (PS5) Showcase event on September 16, 2020, a new God of War was officially announced for a 2021 release on the newer console. After Sony Interactive Entertainment revealed their plans to support their previous console until at least 2022, it was later confirmed that the game would also release on the PlayStation 4 (PS4), in turn marking the first cross-gen release in the series. The game's title was confirmed to be God of War Ragnarök during the following year's showcase event, although earlier that year, the title had accidentally been leaked. Although the 2018 installment was ported to Windows (PC) in January 2022, Barlog, who served as a producer and creative director for the sequel, could not confirm if Ragnarök would also receive a PC port.
Development of the game was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In June 2021, head of PlayStation Studios, Hermen Hulst, confirmed that the game had been delayed, partly due to the pandemic, as he stated that there were issues getting access to performance capture and talent. Santa Monica Studio issued a statement regarding the delay, which said that while they were focused on delivering a top-quality game, they also wanted to maintain the safety of those involved with the development.
The delay brought a unique issue with Atreus actor Sunny Suljic, who was going through puberty during the time of production. Due to the change in his voice, supervising dialogue designer Jodie Kupsco said "We had to go in and even out that performance so [that in the game] it sounds like it took place over a short period of time". Senior producer Ariel Angelotti noted there were no changes to cinematics as a result of the delay, but they had to get creative in how they made the content. In following pandemic guidelines, they had actors "stand in" for background characters in some scenes "to avoid a situation where too many people were on-set". In a series of tweets posted by Kratos actor Christopher Judge in late September 2021, he said that he was the reason that the game was delayed due to surgery he needed in August 2019, and that Santa Monica allowed him time to recover and rehabilitate before continuing production.
During the 2021 PlayStation Showcase event, Eric Williams, who worked on every previous installment, was confirmed as the game's director, continuing the previous era's tradition of having a different director for each game. It was also revealed that Ragnarök would conclude the Norse era of the series. The main reason Santa Monica decided to end the Norse era with Ragnarök was due to the game's size and scale. The 2018 installment and Ragnarök each respectively took about five years to develop, and they did not want to take another five years, totaling nearly 15 years, to tell one story. Lead writer Rich Gaubert said there were pros and cons to doing a trilogy or ending the Norse era at two games. The developers debated this and said that Ragnarök could have been split into two games, as it was much larger in scope than they had originally planned. They also had worry if Ragnarök would do the apocalyptic concept justice in just one game. This caused some of the team to have concern if the game would be good as they originally thought that the Norse era would be a trilogy with Ragnarök split into two games. The decision to end the Norse era with Ragnarök was ultimately left to Barlog, and Williams stated that although they had to make adjustments for pacing, the story was not scaled back.
Barlog told Williams that with the second game concluding the Norse saga, the three important plot aspects of the story that had to be retained were that Ragnarök would happen, Atreus would depart from Kratos in the game's conclusion, and Brok would be killed off, which was a decision Barlog had made during the development of the 2018 installment, as Brok was described as the "family dog". Thematically, the game explores what kind of man Kratos would be without his son, and what kind of god would Atreus be without his father. Narrative director Matt Sophos revealed that during early development, there was an idea pitched in which Kratos died during his first battle with Thor and then there would have been a 20-year time jump where Atreus would rescue him from Helheim. This was rejected as Williams did not like it, but he also did not want to repeat a plot sequence that had been done during the Greek games. The emotion and main hook of Ragnaröks actual story were also missing in this proposed idea, and the actual ending worked better for what they wanted to do, which was to say that prophecy and fate are not predetermined. Williams also said that there would likely not be a story-based expansion pack post-launch.
On July 6, 2022, a new cinematic trailer was unveiled, which confirmed a worldwide release date of November 9, 2022. Another trailer was shown during Sony's 2022 State of Play event on September 13, and it was confirmed that just like the 2018 installment, Ragnarök was done in one shot. Additionally, the game supports options for players to run the game in either higher resolution or better performance, including 4K resolution at 30 frames per second (fps), 1080p resolution at 60fps, a high frame resolution mode in 4K at 40fps, and a high frame performance mode that syncs to 120 hertz. The latter two high frame options are only available for the PS5 version and require monitors with HDMI 2.1. Animation director Bruno Velazquez stated that Santa Monica wanted to ensure that Ragnarök was fully optimized for the PS4, and as such, it does not utilize all of the capabilities of the PS5. Velazquez said that the PS4 version is a visual improvement over the 2018 installment and noted that all of the studio's design goals were achieved on the PS4 version, so the PS5 version "is essentially an enhancement of what's already possible [on the PS4]". The game does, however, include several features exclusive to the PS5 hardware, such as 3D audio, haptic feedback, higher frame rate, and overall better graphics. In terms of design, Velazquez said there were no compromises for the PS4 version and that the game would essentially be the same experience on both consoles. Santa Monica also confirmed that the game would have a photo mode, but it would be added in a post-launch update.
On October 7, 2022, Santa Monica announced that the game had gone gold. Additionally, it was revealed that eight other studios contributed to the development of Ragnarök, including PlayStation Studios Creative Arts, Valkyrie Entertainment, Bluepoint Games, Red Hot, SuperAlloy Interactive, Jetpack Interactive, Super Genius, and Original Force. The exact contribution from each studio was not detailed, except SuperAlloy, which worked on motion capture. SuperAlloy specifically assisted with combat choreography, and the studio provided stunt coordination and stunt work for the game and key characters. Eric Jacobus also revealed that he again did the combat motion capture for Kratos, just as he did in the 2018 installment, as well as for some other characters.
Casting
During the 2021 PlayStation Showcase event, game director Eric Williams revealed that Richard Schiff would portray Odin. Other casting announcements included Ryan Hurst as Thor, Ben Prendergast as Týr, Laya DeLeon Hayes as Angrboda, and Usman Ally as a dwarf named Durlin. In addition to Christopher Judge and Sunny Suljic returning as Kratos and Atreus, respectively, it was confirmed that Danielle Bisutti and Alastair Duncan would be reprising their respective roles as Freya and Mímir, and that Robert Craighead and Adam J. Harrington would reprise their respective roles as the Huldra Brothers, Brok and Sindri. After Judge found out that Williams would be directing the game, he briefly quit as he was uncertain about Williams; however, Barlog was able to convince Judge that Williams was fully capable of directing the sequel, which Judge affirmed after working with him.
SungWon Cho also announced that he would be providing the voice and motion capture for the squirrel Ratatoskr, and worked directly with the writers to write his scenes. A day before release, Scott Porter revealed that he played Heimdall, and the game's music composer, Bear McCreary, was also confirmed to play a Dwarf musician named Ræb.
Unlike the popular portrayal of Thor by Chris Hemsworth in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), the Thor in Ragnarök looks closer to his depiction in Norse mythological literature, having a hefty build with long red hair and beard. This type of portrayal was similarly done for the other Norse gods such as Odin himself, shown as a softly spoken and somewhat friendly middle aged man, as in the literature, the Norse gods were not as extravagant as the Greek gods were. In portraying Thor, Hurst took inspiration from another Marvel Comics character, Hulk, citing his rage and power. He also took inspiration from Tommy Lee Jones' character in No Country for Old Men (2007), Sheriff Ed Tom Bell, noting how he was a powerful character that harbored regret.
Pre-release fan backlash
Following the announcement that Ragnarök had been delayed to 2022, Santa Monica's developers received harassment from some fans, including threatening messages. The delay was announced shortly after Alanah Pearce revealed her involvement on Ragnarök. Fans blamed Pearce for the delay and she received threatening messages of sexual harassment. Barlog came to her defense—and all of Santa Monica's developers—stating that he made the call to delay the game and that it had nothing to do with lower-level staff. Furthermore, after a rumor circulated that Santa Monica would reveal the release date towards the end of June 2022, and that date passed, some developers received explicit images from angry fans in an attempt to get them to reveal the release date.
Additionally, the reveal that Angrboda would be black was met with backlash from some fans. They claimed that since the game is set in Scandinavia, she should have been white. The developers, however, defended the decision due to the diversity of the Dwarves in the game, among other changes such as Mímir having a Scottish accent, and the fact that Angrboda is of a mythological race with a power of transformation. There was also some backlash to the reveal that Ragnarök would be released on both the PS4 and PS5 due to concerns that the PS4 version would hold back the PS5 version. Barlog compared the situation to 2007's God of War II, which released exclusively on the PlayStation 2 despite the PlayStation 3's launch some months earlier, noting that it still worked out well for that game.
Soundtrack
God of War Ragnarök (Original Soundtrack) was released on November 9, 2022, by Sony Classical Records and was also included in the game's special editions. It was composed by Bear McCreary, returning from the previous game. The soundtrack features Faroese singer Eivør on the tracks "God of War Ragnarök", "Holding On", "Svartalfheim", "Pull of the Light", and "Remembering Faye". McCreary had previously featured Eivør on the 2018 installment's soundtrack.
Irish folk artist Hozier is featured on the track, "Blood Upon the Snow", which was Hozier's first contribution to a video game soundtrack. Hozier was particularly interested in working on the song as he was a fan of the series and also interested in the maturing medium of digital arts. He was also familiar with McCreary's other works. Due to Hozier being signed with Sony's Columbia Records in the United States, he was approached by Sony to contribute to Ragnarök. To help in composing the song, the game's director Eric Williams talked Hozier through the character arcs of Kratos and Atreus. Hozier was also inspired by nature and the natural world. In working with McCreary, Hozier said they were able to find a balance so that the song was "not too elegiac, not too much of an elegy, not too sweet, not too lullaby-esque, not too outrageously doom and gloom, and not too absolutely metal". Paolo Ragusa of Consequence described the song as "a daring, cinematic number that hits at all the thematic notes of God of War: Ragnarök, and finds Hozier using his signature velvety tone to evoke both tenderness and awe". Hozier and McCreary performed the song live at The Game Awards on December 8, 2022.
Release
God of War Ragnarök was released worldwide on November 9, 2022, for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5. Players who purchase the PS4 version can upgrade to the PS5 version for US$10. In addition to the standard base game (physical and digital), there are three special editions: the Jötnar Edition, the Collector's Edition, and the Digital Deluxe Edition. Early copies of the base game were also marketed as a Launch Edition and included the Risen Snow Armor and Tunic skins for Kratos and Atreus, respectively, which are also included with the three special editions. Pre-orders for all versions opened on July 15, 2022.
The items in both the Jötnar Edition and the Collector's Edition are housed within a box called the Knowledge Keeper's Shrine (a shrine featured in the game). Both editions include a SteelBook game case; however, they do not include a physical copy of the game, only digital versions for both platforms. The centerpiece of both editions is a 16-inch replica of Thor's hammer Mjölnir, and both also include 2-inch carvings of the Vanir twins (Freya and Freyr). Physical items exclusive to the Jötnar Edition include a 7-inch vinyl record of music by Bear McCreary, a pin set of a Falcon, Bear, and Wolf (which represent Faye, Kratos, and Atreus, respectively), a replica Draupnir ring, Brok’s dice set, and a Yggdrasil cloth map which shows each of the nine realms. Instead of Brok's dice set, the Collector's Edition has a Dwarven dice set. The Digital Deluxe Edition includes the Darkdale armor and weapon skins for Kratos and Atreus, the official God of War Ragnarök soundtrack, a mini art book by Dark Horse Comics, a PlayStation Network avatar set, and a PS4 background theme; all of this downloadable content (DLC) is also included with both physical special editions.
Available separately is a limited edition Ragnarök themed DualSense controller for the PS5. Additionally, two PS5 bundles were available the same day as the game's release. One bundle is for the disc version of the console while the other is for the digital version, with both including a regular DualSense controller and a voucher code to download the standard version of the game. Furthermore, an official art book from Dark Horse Comics titled The Art of God of War Ragnarök, in both a standard and deluxe edition, was released on November 29, 2022.
Since launch, Santa Monica has supported the game with patch updates to address software bugs. As well, the developers have added new features along with these free updates. A photo mode, which was revealed prior to launch, was added as part of update patch 3.00 on December 5, 2022. It allows players to take customized in-game screenshots adjusting, among other things, the field of view, depth of view, filters, and the visibility and facial expressions of most major characters. A New Game Plus mode was added in update patch 4.00 on April 5, 2023. Players must have completed the game on any difficulty before they can access New Game Plus. Experience levels and previously acquired gear carry over into New Game Plus (with a couple of game-progression related exceptions), which increases the level cap and adds new gear and resources to be acquired, as well as enemy adjustments to make them more challenging. The option to skip cutscenes was also added.
Reception
God of War Ragnarök on PS5 received "universal acclaim", according to review aggregator Metacritic, garnering a score of 94/100. This ties it with both the original 2005 installment and the 2018 installment for the highest Metacritic score in the series. The game was praised for its storytelling, characters, visuals, level design, and overall improvements to the gameplay over its predecessor. Most reviewers agreed that it excelled over the 2018 installment in many aspects, and that it was a fitting end to the Norse era of the series. The game was, however, subject to minor criticism, such as the excessive hints during puzzles, as well as some gameplay mechanics.
Writing for IGN, Simon Cardy said that Ragnarök provided fresh interpretations of well-known Norse mythological characters, and the actors gave them a unique take that was different from their popular MCU counterparts. Tamoor Hussain of GameSpot opined that out of all the many different takes on Norse mythology, Ragnaröks is "easily one of the most memorable", as it takes the mythology, deconstructs it, and rebuilds it as an epic story about families. Eurogamers Chris Tapsell, however, felt that because Ragnarök tried to include as much of the series history as possible, the game can feel "both bloated and crowded", but positively noted that due to its length, it meant that there was more of the game to play. Kyle Hilliard at Game Informer wrote that although Ragnarök did not have the same unique impact that the 2018 installment had, everything that worked well in that prior game is present.
In terms of gameplay, Ragnarök does not make any drastic changes over the 2018 installment, but there are some new additions to the existing mechanics. Hussain said that while the core gameplay is fundamentally the same, this is in Ragnaröks favor, as it made it easy to begin playing. Tapsell, however, was somewhat critical of the combat, stating that he would have liked a more systematic approach, and although there is synergy across the weapons' skills, there is practically no room for expression. Cardy was positive on the combat, saying that being able to perform a weapon attack when leaping off a ledge added another layer to battles. He also said the combat harkens back to the series roots, noting that the Blades of Chaos have a more similar feel to how they performed in the Greek games, but still also felt modern. The update to the shield was also praised, with Hussain stating that it "enhances the offensive feel of combat". Cardy similarly felt the shield was more of an offensive tool, and that parrying is a skill players would want to perfect. The variety of enemies and bosses were also praised among the reviewers.
Hilliard opined that the only negative thing about the gameplay was that it was not much different from the previous game. Hussain did have criticism over some gameplay mechanics, stating that in more challenging scenarios, "the mechanics can struggle under the pressure of the increased speed and aggression". Tapsell had similar comments and stated this can be a hindrance in battle. One common criticism among reviewers was the excessive hints in solving puzzles, as the accompanying character offers these hints too soon and too frequently, barely giving the player any time to think about a solution.
Although the RPG elements were praised for giving players a variety of play styles, reviewers felt the system was not innovative. Tapsell further noted that although there were some new ideas, nothing was really memorable or expressive like in other RPGs, and players could get by without engaging much with it. Cardy, however, said the system was more streamlined and felt it encouraged players to make their own custom builds, praising it as accessible and not overwhelming. Writing for PCMag, Clay Halton was more critical of the system, stating it was the game's "most tedious aspect", as it can be difficult to determine which weapon or armor piece needs upgraded. He also noted this was an issue in the prior game, but it was more complicated in the sequel.
The environments were also well-praised for their sense of scale and the changes to returning locations. Hussain praised the changes as not only did they show the effects of Fimbulwinter, but they provided new areas to explore. Tapsell shared similar sentiments and said that the realms were more varied and more inviting, and also said that the sense of scale that was missing in the 2018 installment was resolved in Ragnarök. Halton said that although there is not a noticeable difference from the prior game, largely due to Ragnarök releasing on both the PS4 and PS5, the game is still beautiful, saying that each realm and their respective environments are "thoughtfully crafted".
Sales
The PlayStation 5 version of God of War Ragnarök was the third bestselling retail game during its first week of release in Japan, with 29,377 physical copies being sold. The PlayStation 4 version was the sixth bestselling retail game in the country throughout the same week, selling 11,260 physical copies. In the United Kingdom (UK), although the exact sales numbers were not revealed, it was reported that Ragnarök sold more physical copies on its first day than any previous God of War title did in their first week, with 82% of the total sold on PS5 and 18% on PS4. Of the PS5 sales, 12% came from the PS5 bundles. Additionally, it sold 51% more in its first week than the 2018 installment did. This made Ragnarök the biggest launch in the series in the UK, which was largely due to it being the first cross-gen release in the series. In terms of physical copies, it was the country's second biggest launch of the year, behind FIFA 23, and it had a bigger launch than Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II, Elden Ring, and Pokémon Legends: Arceus. By the end of 2022, 670,617 copies of the game had been sold in the UK, making it the sixth best selling game of the year in the country. Ragnarök became the fastest-selling first-party game in PlayStation history, selling 5.1 million units in its opening week. In Germany, the game had sold more than 200,000 copies by the end of December 2022. By February 1, 2023, the game had sold 11 million copies worldwide.
Awards
At the 2020 Golden Joystick Awards, the game received the award for Most Wanted Game. That same year, it also received the award for PlayStation.Blog's Most Anticipated Game. It was also a nominee for Most Anticipated Game at The Game Awards in both 2020 and 2021. Various media outlets also included the sequel on their respective lists for most anticipated games of 2021, prior to the game's delay to the following year. It was a nominee for Ultimate Game of the Year at the 2022 Golden Joystick Awards, and was named as Time magazine's #1 game of the year. At The Game Awards 2022, Ragnarök won six of its 11 nominations, which was both the most nominations and most awards won at the event. It was nominated for Game of the Year and won Best Narrative and Innovation in Accessibility. Christopher Judge also won Best Performance with Sunny Suljic a nominee for the same award. The game won Game of the Year at the 2022 Titanium Awards. It won all 14 of its nominations at the Game Audio Network Guild Awards, representing more than half of the overall winners. It also received a leading 15 nominations at the 19th British Academy Games Awards, the most nominations for any game in the history of the ceremony, which is hosted by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). It won six of its 15 nominations, which was the most awards won at the event, including the EE Game of the Year Award. During the AIAS' 26th Annual D.I.C.E. Awards, Ragnarök received the most nominations (12), as well as the most awards (7), of the ceremony.
Future
Prior to the release of the 2018 installment, Cory Barlog said that after the Norse era of God of War, future games could see the series tackling either Egyptian or Maya mythology. He said that the game alluded to other mythologies co-existing in the world, including Celtic, Japanese, and Irish mythology. Ragnarök would subsequently also have similar references.
Notes
References
External links
2022 video games
Action-adventure games
The Game Awards winners
Golden Joystick Award winners
God of War (franchise)
Hack and slash games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 5 games
Santa Monica Studio games
Single-player video games
Sony Interactive Entertainment games
Video game sequels
Video games based on Norse mythology
Video games developed in the United States
Video games postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Video games set in Norway
Video games set in the Viking Age
Game Developers Choice Award winners
BAFTA winners (video games)
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] |
34039940
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Kaplan%20%28entrepreneur%29
|
Steve Kaplan (entrepreneur)
|
Steve Kaplan (born March 25, 1960) is an American entrepreneur, author, public speaker.
Start of career
Kaplan built SCA- a 1300 employee, international marketing firm -before selling it to Snyder Communications(NYSE: SNC). In January 2000, SNC officially launched Bounty SCA Worldwide a division that organizes the marketing services businesses it has acquired over the previous few years. Kaplan served as the CEO of Bounty SCA Worldwide under Snyder Communications which was sold to Havas.
Books
Kaplan went on to write about these experiences of starting, building and selling SCA. He is the author of Bag the Elephant, Be the Elephant, and Sell Your Business for the Max. Bag the Elephant received the Benjamin Franklin Award as the Business Book of the Year.
Bibliography
Bag the Elephant!: How to Win and Keep Big Customers. Published by Bard Press, 2005. .
Be the Elephant: Build A Bigger, Better, Business. Published by Workman Publishing Company Inc., 2006. .
Sell Your Business for the Max! Published by Workman Publishing Company, Inc., 2009. .
Secret Millionaire
Kaplan appeared on ABC's show Secret Millionaire where he travels to the south side of Chicago to donate money to charities in need.
Military tour
In 2013, Kaplan joined “Operation Hot.” Along with Chef Charles Carroll, Chef Robert Irvine, and others, he toured Afghanistan speaking to troops on getting jobs and starting businesses to better prepare them for redeployment back to the US.
World Arm Wrestling League
Kaplan currently is the President of the World Arm Wrestling League LLC and the Commissioner of the World Arm Wrestling League (WAL).
Business ventures
Kaplan is a minority owner in eSports team Immortals.
References
1960 births
Living people
21st-century American businesspeople
Esports team owners
|
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3153922
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashot%20I%20of%20Armenia
|
Ashot I of Armenia
|
Ashot I (; c. 820 – 890) was an Armenian king who oversaw the beginning of Armenia's second golden age (862 – 977). He was the son of Smbat VIII the Confessor and was a member of the Bagratuni dynasty.
Life
Early life
Ashot was born around 820 to Smbat VIII Bagratuni and his wife Hripsime. Smbat VIII was sparapet (supreme commander) and the son of Ashot Msaker, the Prince of Armenia (r. 806–826). Ashot also had a brother named Abas. The family, the Bagratunis, was one of the most powerful in the kingdom, along with the Artsruni. Both families struggled for power through warfare against Arab invaders. The kingdom was later taken over by Armenians who overthrew the Arab government. Smbat VIII was exiled to Samarra, where he later died. Ashot continued to live in his father's quarters, located around the city of Bagaran. He was married to Katranide. Like Smbat before him, Ashot was named sparapet in 856 by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutawakkil.
Prince of princes of Armenia
During the Arab-Byzantine Wars, much of Ashot's territory was located near the main site of conflict. In 862, following the Battle of Karasounk Ashot was recognized as the prince of princes of Armenia, of Georgia and of the lands of the Caucasus by Abbasid Caliph al-Musta'in, who saw this as a measure of protection against the local autonomous emirs. This title essentially granted Ashot the status of de facto king and placed him at a similar level of power as the emirs, but did not allow Ashot to have administrative rule over the kingdom. Ashot kept this status during the reigns of Abbasid Caliphs al-Mu'tazz (866–869), al-Muhtadi (869–870) and al-Mu'tamid (870–892).
Ashot annexed Bagrevand in 862, shortly after the death of the ruling Mamikonian dynasty's head, Grigor Mamikonian. Ashot mediated between Grigor-Derenik Artsruni and Gurgen Artsruni, cousins and members of the Artsruni family who controlled Vaspurakan. Ashot then captured Grigor-Derenik and reduced the size of the cantons around Van. Ashot released Grigor-Derenik to avoid further conflict with the Artsruni family. Ashot later arranged a marriage between his daughter, Sophie, and Grigor-Derenik, in order to reconcile. Ashot also strengthened relations with the Siunia dynasty by arranging another marriage between his second daughter, Mariam, with Prince Vasak Gabur IV. These familial ties helped strengthen relations between Ashot's sons and the surrounding dynasties.
Ashot used this support to wage war against the emirs. He began by defeating the Kaysites of Manazkert in 863, with the help of his brother and sparapet, Abas Bagratuni. In 877, he began to fight against the emir of Barda alongside his ostikan; however, failure of this ostikan led to his replacement. The new ostikan made a secret peace treaty with the emir and betrayed Ashot. Ashot learned of the conspiracy against him and sent Abas to disarm the ostikan in Dvin; Abas escorted him to the border under Ashot's orders in order to prevent the caliph's retaliation. Ashot defeated the emirs of Barda and Manazkert, laying siege to the latter city in 884; however, the siege was ceased prematurely. The siege caused Grigor-Derenik to worry about the borders of Taron, which was under Grigor-Derenik's control. Ashot gained control of the Gugark and Utik regions as early as 860.
Ashot's reach also extended to Caucasian Iberia, where some of his Bagratuni family had settled in the late 7th century. There, around 875, he formed an alliance with Bagrat I of Iberia, his stepbrother, against Bagrat's brother, Guaram Mampali. Together, Ashot and Bagrat defeated Guaram. In 881, Ashot formed an alliance with David I of Iberia and Adarnase IV of Iberia, Bagrat's son and grandson, respectively, to defeat Guaram's son, Nasra of Tao-Klarjeti.
King of Armenia
Several contemporary prominent Armenians, including Grigor-Derenik Vaspurakan, insisted on Ashot's coronation. Ashot was crowned King of Armenia through the consent of Caliph al-Mu'tamid in 885 to prevent intrusion into Armenian territory by Basil I, a Byzantine emperor of Armenian origin. As a result of his coronation, Ashot restored the Armenian monarchy and became the founder of the medieval Kingdom of Armenia, also known as Bagratid Armenia, named after the contemporary rule of the Bagratunis. The Bagratid kingdom lasted until 1045, when it was annexed into the Byzantine Empire.
Despite his status, Ashot remained a subordinate to the Caliph and was put under the supervision of the emirs of Azerbaijan. Every Armenian prince fell under Ashot's authority (though in the effect of primus inter pares). Dvin and the emirates of Manazkert and Karin (and, according to Constantine VII, Khoy and Salmas) also fell under Ashot's control, despite the local governments' unwillingness to accept. The emir of Manazkert was in this way defeated and was forced to submit to Ashot's rule in 885.
Ashot's influence continued not only in Armenia but also in Iberia. After the death of Grigor-Derenik Artsruni in 887, Ashot placed his own grandson (and Grigor-Derenik's son), Ashot-Sargis Artsruni, under the rule of relative Gagik Aboumerwan Artsruni. In 887 and 888, Ashot supported his nephew Adarnase IV of Iberia in overthrowing Bagrat I of Abkhazia. Also in 888, Ashot sent his brother Abas to Kars to stop a rebellion led by Prince Sahak-Mleh of Vanand.
Ashot travelled to Gugark to stop another rebellion, fighting alongside his son and heir, Smbat I. He died in 890. Contemporary historian Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi gives an account of his death:
Smbat I succeeded him.
Armenian growth under rule
Ashot's restoration of the Armenian monarchy was accompanied by economic growth and a revival of the arts and religion. Several cultural buildings were restored and renovated. Under Ashot's reign, the first khachkar was created in 879 as a tribute to Ashot's wife, Katranide. Urban growth began to occur and agriculture flourished. Vineyards became a very successful industry.
Religious affairs
Ashot supported the Armenian Apostolic Church during his reign. Ashot saw the possibility of the church merging with the Orthodox Byzantine Church, due to the Byzantine Empire's influence in the region, and feared that the Byzantine Empire would deny him his claim to the throne. In 862, when the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Photios I attempted to unite the Armenian Church by sending two letters to Catholicos Zacharias I and Ashot, Zacharias and Ashot summoned a council in Yerazgavors; the ambiguous response was formulated by Ashot. Ashot continued to receive epistolary communication; in 882, he received a letter with a piece of the True Cross awarded to Catholicos Mashtots I, who was a friend of Ashot (the cross has since been lost). Ashot also supported the Armenian Church's desire to separate from the Church of Caucasian Albania. Ashot donated several treasures to the Armenian Catholicos to distribute to the churches.
Family
Notes
References
820s births
890 deaths
9th-century kings of Armenia
Bagratuni dynasty
Kings of Bagratid Armenia
9th-century monarchs in Asia
Place of birth unknown
9th-century Armenian people
Vassal rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate
|
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37545674
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooele%20Valley%20Railway
|
Tooele Valley Railway
|
The Tooele Valley Railway was a railroad founded in 1908, and owned by the Anaconda Copper corporation. The line ran from a connection with the Union Pacific Railroad and the Western Pacific Railroad at Warner Station on the western edge of Tooele, Utah, to a terminus at the International Smelting and Refining Company smelter operations on the eastern edge of Tooele. The line was abandoned around 1982, nearly a decade after the smelter closure and the end of production at the nearby Carr Fork Mine.
The Tooele Station has been preserved to form the Tooele Valley Museum and Historic Park and has been registered on the National Register of Historic Places as the Tooele Valley Railroad Complex.
Description
The Tooele Valley Railway was founded in 1908, by the Utah Consolidated Mining Company to connect the International Smelter to the Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad (later bought out by the Union Pacific Railroad). In 1917 the Western Pacific Railroad built a branch line to connect with the Tooele Valley Railway The line ran from a connection with the mainline on the west end of Tooele, Utah, to the smelter located on the bench of the Oquirrh Mountains.
A large portion of the Tooele Valley Railway was a street running railroad, traveling through Vine Street until reaching Tooele Station. The grade traveled out of the city until crossing a wooden trestle at the mouth of Middle Canyon. In later years the trestle was filled in with rock overburden to stabilize it. The grade continued along the mountain bench until reaching the smelter. In 1937 a branch line was built connecting the line to the Elton Tunnel. The smelter closed in 1972, and the railroad lost its main revenue source. The railroad briefly served the Carr Fork Mine project during the late 1970s. Union Pacific Railroad's Warner depot which had served the interchange point between the Tooele Valley Railway and the UP, burned down in December 1975. The last revenue train ran on July 7, 1980. The line was abandoned by 1982. Reclamation of the grade was performed as part of the Superfund program.
Locomotives
The Tooele Valley Railway owned several steam locomotives. During the majority of the steam era, the line owned four 2-8-0 locomotives, numbers #9 through #12. The line also operated an 0-6-0 locomotive #3, and a 2-6-0 locomotive #2. The majority of the line's steam locomotives were retired in 1955, when an EMD SW1200 locomotive #100 was purchased, later an EMD SW900 locomotive was purchased from Pickering Lumber Company in 1966, becoming locomotive #104. Locomotive #11 was kept as a back up for the diesel locomotive until 1963.
Preservation
Locomotive #11 and #12 were built as part of an order of 2-8-0's for the Buffalo and Susquehanna Railroad by the American Locomotive Company at their Brooks Locomotive Works in 1910. Bankruptcy caused the Buffalo and Susquehanna to cancel the order, and ALCO kept the locomotives until selling them. #11 and #12 were sent to the Tooele Valley Railway in 1912. Locomotive #11 would be preserved after retirement in 1963. #12 was scrapped in 1956, with the tender being used to mount a snowplow. #11 would be the last steam locomotive in Utah to be used in revenue freight service. First displayed near the intersection of Vine Street and 200 West, #11 was moved to the Tooele Valley Railroad Museum in 1982 via rail. The museum also preserved the snowplow mounted to locomotive #12's tender, several pieces of Maintenance of way equipment, and a pair of caboose from the railway. Locomotive #100 and #104 were sold to new owners. It is also believed Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México #2501 a former Hines Construction company engine was likely used as Tooele Valley Railway #1 during the route's early years before it was transferred to Mexico, it is preserved in Monterrey, Mexico.
See also
List of Utah railroads
Anaconda Copper
List of Superfund sites in Utah
References
Utah railroads
|
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] |
19857725
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trzaski%2C%20Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka%20County
|
Trzaski, Ostrołęka County
|
Trzaski is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Troszyn, within Ostrołęka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Troszyn, east of Ostrołęka, and north-east of Warsaw.
References
Villages in Ostrołęka County
|
[
1410,
89,
123483,
220,
382,
261,
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306,
290,
33039,
14309,
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] |
4285757
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej%20Dy%C5%84ko
|
Andrej Dyńko
|
Andrej Dyńko () (born 1974) is a Belarusian journalist. In 2000-2006 he served the chief editor of the oldest Belarusian weekly newspaper Naša Niva. Later he headed magazines Nasha Historyja (Наша гісторыя), Arche, and publications for children in the Belarusian language Dudu and Asciarozhna: dzieci!
Biography
Career
He began his work as a translator and publicist. He translated from French, Italian, English, Polish, and Ukrainian languages. Dynko edited Nasha Niva since 1999 till 2017, he also taught in Minsk State Linguistic University in 1997–2000. He was one of the co-founders of Arche magazine in 1998–2004.
Under his leadership Nasha Niva became the most red web site in the Belarusian language. Nobel laureate Svetlana Alexievich described Dynko as the person who ensured the success of ‘Nasha Niva’ and made the publication one of the most important in Belarus.
In 2018 Dynko became the chief editor of 'Nasha Historyja'. Since 2019 he is also the chief editor of magazines for children in the Belarusian language Dudu and Asciarozhna: dzieci!
He got Hanno Ellenbogen Citizenship Award (2003), Oxfam-Novib Award (2006), «For Journalistic Courage and Professionalism» Award (2006), Lorenzo Natali Prize (2007). Dynko is married to Natallia Dynko and has three children: Jakub, Justyna, and Vasil.
During the 2006 protests, in opposition to the results of the 2006 Presidential Elections, Dynko was detained at a protest rally on March 21, 2006, and spent ten days in a jail. His prison diaries were published thereafter and translated in a number of languages. The arrest was used by the authorities as the reason to refuse registration to 'Nasha Niva'.
Arrest
Following the nation-wide protests in Belarus after the 2020 presidential election that was denounced as rigged by the opposition and the West, the authorities started a crackdown campaign wiping all independent media in the country. ‘Nasha Niva’ covered the protests and was eventually banned as ‘extremist’ in November 2021, exactly on the 115th anniversary of its founding; its website was blocked in July.
By 2021 Dynko was serving as chief editor of the ‘Nasha Historyja’ (Наша гісторыя), the Arche, and the «Асцярожна: дзеці!» magazines, also published by ‘Nasha Niva’.
On July 8, 2021, Dyńko was arrested together with Nasha Niva editor-in-chief Yahor Martsinovich and editor Andrey Skurko. He was declared suspected first under the article 342 of the Criminal Code of Belarus («Organisation or preparation of mass disturbances or participation in mass disturbances»). The accusation was not submitted. Instead the detention continued under suspect under the art. 216 part 2 of the Criminal Code of Belarus («Causing property damage without signs of theft»). Like other political prisoners, he stayed in Akrescina prison without any bedding and personal belongings in cells where light was never switched off.
On July 12, 2021, by a joint statement of ten organizations, including the Human rights center "Viasna", the Belarusian Association of Journalists, the Belarusian Helsinki Committee, the Belarusian PEN Center, he was recognized as a political prisoner.
On July 21, 2021, Dynko was released under an undertaking to appear. He described his detainment as ‘being in hell’. According to Dynko, the detained in Okrestina are kept in inhuman conditions.
References
External links
Dyńko prison diary at PEN/Opp
1974 births
Living people
Writers from Brest, Belarus
Belarusian journalists
Belarusian media executives
|
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5049,
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199999
] |
1693849
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FE2
|
FE2
|
FE2 may refer to:
Video games
Fire Emblem Gaiden, the second game in the Fire Emblem series.
Photography
Nikon FE2, a Japanese 35mm camera made in 1983.
Aircraft
Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2, designation for three significantly different aircraft made during the first World War, only sharing a "Farman" biplane layout.
|
[
15076,
17,
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] |
63259426
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timokhino%2C%20Kaduysky%20District%2C%20Vologda%20Oblast
|
Timokhino, Kaduysky District, Vologda Oblast
|
Timokhino () is a rural locality (a village) in Semizerye Rural Settlement, Kaduysky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 28 as of 2002.
Geography
Timokhino is located 64 km northwest of Kaduy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Turpal is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kaduysky District
|
[
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525,
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] |
17002982
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyogo%20University%20of%20Health%20Sciences
|
Hyogo University of Health Sciences
|
is a private university in Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan, established in 2007.
External links
Official website
Educational institutions established in 2007
Private universities and colleges in Japan
Universities and colleges in Hyōgo Prefecture
2007 establishments in Japan
|
[
276,
261,
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] |
9281693
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/981%20Port%20Libert%C3%A9%E2%80%93Grove%20Street
|
981 Port Liberté–Grove Street
|
The 981 Port Liberté-Grove Street was a bus route operated by Seven Bus Corporation, a Coach USA subsidiary in New Jersey, under contract to New Jersey Transit for its Wheels service. It connected Port Liberté with the Grove Street Port Authority Trans-Hudson station, operating entirely within the city of Jersey City.
On April 14, 2010, as part of system-wide budget cuts, New Jersey Transit announced that it was ending Route 981 in May 2010. As a result, Port Liberté announced plans to expand its private shuttle service to provide residents with access to Grove Street Station (PATH).
History
This route was originally operated by the Central Avenue Bus Company, which was chartered in 1925. By 1938, it had become the Central Avenue Bus Owners Association, an independent bus owners association of former jitney operators. By 1977, the route continued south from Journal Square, near the south end of Central Avenue, to the Central Railroad of New Jersey's Communipaw Terminal. The route was eventually acquired by Red & Tan in Hudson County, a subsidiary of Coach USA, and operated between Port Liberté and Hague Street in Jersey City Heights via Journal Square and Central Avenue as the 231. Coach USA cancelled the route on Friday, January 27, 2006, and New Jersey Transit began operating the 981 as a replacement service on Monday, January 30.
Only the portion south from Journal Square to Port Liberté did not duplicate any existing routes; NJ Transit's 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, and 88 routes already served the general area between Jersey City Heights and Journal Square or downtown Jersey City. Additional trips were added to the 87, which includes about half of the 231's Central Avenue run, to make up for the loss; Central Avenue now sees no buses from Franklin Street north to Congress Street.
References
981
Bus 981
|
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467626
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina%20Abramovi%C4%87
|
Marina Abramović
|
Marina Abramović (, ; born November 30, 1946) is a Serbian conceptual and performance artist. Her work explores body art, endurance art, the relationship between the performer and audience, the limits of the body, and the possibilities of the mind. Being active for over four decades, Abramović refers to herself as the "grandmother of performance art". She pioneered a new notion of identity by bringing in the participation of observers, focusing on "confronting pain, blood, and physical limits of the body". In 2007, she founded the Marina Abramović Institute (MAI), a non-profit foundation for performance art.
Early life, education and teaching
Abramović was born in Belgrade, Serbia, then part of Yugoslavia, on November 30, 1946. In an interview, Abramović described her family as having been "Red bourgeoisie." Her great-uncle was Varnava, Serbian Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Both of her Montenegrin-born parents, Danica Rosić and Vojin Abramović, were Yugoslav Partisans during World War II. After the war, Abramović's parents were awarded Order of the People's Heroes and were given positions in the postwar Yugoslavian government.
Abramović was raised by her grandparents until she was six years old. Her grandmother was deeply religious and Abramović "spent [her] childhood in a church following [her] grandmother's rituals—candles in the morning, the priest coming for different occasions". When she was six, her brother was born, and she began living with her parents while also taking piano, French, and English lessons. Although she did not take art lessons, she took an early interest in art and enjoyed painting as a child.
Life in Abramović's parental home under her mother's strict supervision was difficult. When Abramović was a child, her mother beat her for "supposedly showing off". In an interview published in 1998, Abramović described how her "mother took complete military-style control of me and my brother. I was not allowed to leave the house after 10 o'clock at night until I was 29 years old. ... [A]ll the performances in Yugoslavia I did before 10 o'clock in the evening because I had to be home then. It's completely insane, but all of my cutting myself, whipping myself, burning myself, almost losing my life in 'The Firestar'—everything was done before 10 in the evening."
In an interview published in 2013, Abramović said, "My mother and father had a terrible marriage." Describing an incident when her father smashed 12 champagne glasses and left the house, she said, "It was the most horrible moment of my childhood."
Education and teaching career
She was a student at the Academy of Fine Arts in Belgrade from 1965 to 1970. She completed her post-graduate studies in the art class of Krsto Hegedušić at the Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb, SR Croatia in 1972. Then she returned to SR Serbia and, from 1973 to 1975, taught at the Academy of Fine Arts at Novi Sad while launching her first solo performances.
In 1976, following her marriage to Neša Paripović (between 1971 and 1976), Abramović went to Amsterdam to perform a piece and then decided to move there permanently.
From 1990 to 1995, Abramović was a visiting professor at the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris and at the Berlin University of the Arts. From 1992 to 1996 she also served as a visiting professor at the Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg and from 1997 to 2004 she was a professor for performance-art at the Hochschule für bildende Künste Braunschweig.
Career
Rhythm 10, 1973
In her first performance in Edinburgh in 1973, Abramović explored elements of ritual and gesture. Making use of twenty knives and two tape recorders, the artist played the Russian game, in which rhythmic knife jabs are aimed between the splayed fingers of one's hand. Each time she cut herself, she would pick up a new knife from the row of twenty she had set up, and record the operation. After cutting herself twenty times, she replayed the tape, listened to the sounds, and tried to repeat the same movements, attempting to replicate the mistakes, merging past and present. She set out to explore the physical and mental limitations of the body – the pain and the sounds of the stabbing; the double sounds from the history and the replication. With this piece, Abramović began to consider the state of consciousness of the performer. "Once you enter into the performance state you can push your body to do things you absolutely could never normally do."
Rhythm 5, 1974
In this performance, Abramović sought to re-evoke the energy of extreme bodily pain, using a large petroleum-drenched star, which the artist lit on fire at the start of the performance. Standing outside the star, Abramović cut her nails, toenails, and hair. When finished with each, she threw the clippings into the flames, creating a burst of light each time. Burning the communist five-pointed star or pentagram represented a physical and mental purification, while also addressing the political traditions of her past. In the final act of purification, Abramović leapt across the flames into the center of the large pentagram. At first, due to the light and smoke given off by the fire, the observing audience did not realize that the artist had lost consciousness from lack of oxygen inside the star. However, when the flames came very near to her body and she still remained inert, a doctor and others intervened and extricated her from the star.
Abramović later commented upon this experience: "I was very angry because I understood there is a physical limit. When you lose consciousness you can't be present, you can't perform."
Rhythm 2, 1974
Prompted by her loss of consciousness during Rhythm 5, Abramović devised the two-part Rhythm 2 to incorporate a state of unconsciousness in a performance. She performed the work at the Gallery of Contemporary Art in Zagreb, in 1974. In Part I, which had a duration of 50 minutes, she ingested a medication she describes as 'given to patients who suffer from catatonia, to force them to change the positions of their bodies.' The medication caused her muscles to contract violently, and she lost complete control over her body while remaining aware of what was going on. After a ten-minute break, she took a second medication 'given to schizophrenic patients with violent behavior disorders to calm them down.' The performance ended after five hours when the medication wore off.
Rhythm 4, 1974
Rhythm 4 was performed at the Galleria Diagramma in Milan. In this piece, Abramović kneeled alone and naked in a room with a high-power industrial fan. She approached the fan slowly, attempting to breathe in as much air as possible to push the limits of her lungs. Soon after she lost consciousness.
Abramović's previous experience in Rhythm 5, when the audience interfered in the performance, led to her devising specific plans so that her loss of consciousness would not interrupt the performance before it was complete. Before the beginning of her performance, Abramović asked the cameraman to focus only on her face, disregarding the fan. This was so the audience would be oblivious to her unconscious state, and therefore unlikely to interfere. Ironically, after several minutes of Abramović's unconsciousness, the cameraman refused to continue and sent for help.
Rhythm 0, 1974
To test the limits of the relationship between performer and audience, Abramović developed one of her most challenging and best-known performances. She assigned a passive role to herself, with the public being the force that would act on her. Abramović placed on a table 72 objects that people were allowed to use in any way that they chose; a sign informed them that they held no responsibility for any of their actions. Some of the objects could give pleasure, while others could be wielded to inflict pain, or to harm her. Among them were a rose, a feather, honey, a whip, olive oil, scissors, a scalpel, a gun and a single bullet. For six hours the artist allowed audience members to manipulate her body and actions without consequences. This tested how vulnerable and aggressive human subjects could be when actions have no social consequences. At first the audience did not do much and was extremely passive. However, as the realization began to set in that there was no limit to their actions, the piece became brutal. By the end of the performance, her body was stripped, attacked, and devalued into an image that Abramović described as the "Madonna, mother, and whore." As Abramović described it later: "What I learned was that ... if you leave it up to the audience, they can kill you. ... I felt really violated: they cut up my clothes, stuck rose thorns in my stomach, one person aimed the gun at my head, and another took it away. It created an aggressive atmosphere. After exactly 6 hours, as planned, I stood up and started walking toward the audience. Everyone ran away, to escape an actual confrontation."
In her works, Abramović affirms her identity through the perspective of others, however, more importantly by changing the roles of each player, the identity and nature of humanity at large is unraveled and showcased. By doing so, the individual experience morphs into a collective one and creates a powerful message. Abramović's art also represents the objectification of the female body, as she remains motionless and allows spectators to do as they please with her body; the audience pushes the limits of what one would consider acceptable. By presenting her body as an object, she explores the elements of danger and physical exhaustion.
Works with Ulay (Uwe Laysiepen)
In 1976, after moving to Amsterdam, Abramović met the West German performance artist Uwe Laysiepen, who went by the single name Ulay. They began living and performing together that year. When Abramović and Ulay began their collaboration, the main concepts they explored were the ego and artistic identity. They created "relation works" characterized by constant movement, change, process and "art vital". This was the beginning of a decade of influential collaborative work. Each performer was interested in the traditions of their cultural heritage and the individual's desire for ritual. Consequently, they decided to form a collective being called "The Other", and spoke of themselves as parts of a "two-headed body". They dressed and behaved like twins and created a relationship of complete trust. As they defined this phantom identity, their individual identities became less accessible. In an analysis of phantom artistic identities, Charles Green has noted that this allowed a deeper understanding of the artist as performer, since it revealed a way of "having the artistic self made available for self-scrutiny".
The work of Abramović and Ulay tested the physical limits of the body and explored male and female principles, psychic energy, transcendental meditation, and nonverbal communication. While some critics have explored the idea of a hermaphroditic state of being as a feminist statement, Abramović herself denies considering this as a conscious concept. Her body studies, she insists, have always been concerned primarily with the body as the unit of an individual, a tendency she traces to her parents' military pasts. Rather than concerning themselves with gender ideologies, Abramović/Ulay explored extreme states of consciousness and their relationship to architectural space. They devised a series of works in which their bodies created additional spaces for audience interaction. In discussing this phase of her performance history, she has said: "The main problem in this relationship was what to do with the two artists' egos. I had to find out how to put my ego down, as did he, to create something like a hermaphroditic state of being that we called the death self."
In Relation in Space (1976) they ran into each other repeatedly for an hour – mixing male and female energy into the third component called "that self".
Relation in Movement (1977) had the pair driving their car inside of a museum for 365 laps; a black liquid oozed from the car, forming a kind of sculpture, each lap representing a year. (After 365 laps the idea was that they entered the New Millennium.)
In Relation in Time (1977) they sat back to back, tied together by their ponytails for sixteen hours. They then allowed the public to enter the room to see if they could use the energy of the public to push their limits even further.
To create Breathing In/Breathing Out the two artists devised a piece in which they connected their mouths and took in each other's exhaled breaths until they had used up all of the available oxygen. Nineteen minutes after the beginning of the performance they pulled away from each other, their lungs having filled with carbon dioxide. This personal piece explored the idea of an individual's ability to absorb the life of another person, exchanging and destroying it.
In Imponderabilia (1977, reenacted in 2010) two performers of opposite sexes, both completely nude, stand in a narrow doorway. The public must squeeze between them in order to pass, and in doing so choose which one of them to face.
In AAA-AAA (1978) the two artists stood opposite each other and made long sounds with their mouths open. They gradually moved closer and closer, until they were eventually yelling directly into each other's mouths. This piece demonstrated their interest in endurance and duration.
In 1980, they performed Rest Energy, in an art exhibition in Dublin, where both balanced each other on opposite sides of a drawn bow and arrow, with the arrow pointed at Abramović's heart. With almost no effort, Ulay could easily kill Abramović with one finger. This seems to symbolize the dominance of men and what kind of upperhand they have in society over women. In addition, the handle of the bow is held by Abramović and is pointed at herself. The handle of the bow is the most significant part of a bow. This would be a whole different piece if it were Ulay aiming a bow at Abramović, but by having her hold the bow, it is almost as if the she is supporting him while taking her own life.
Between 1981 and 1987, the pair performed Nightsea Crossing in twenty-two performances. They sat silently across from each other in chairs for seven hours a day.
In 1988, after several years of tense relations, Abramović and Ulay decided to make a spiritual journey that would end their relationship. They each walked the Great Wall of China, in a piece called Lovers, starting from the two opposite ends and meeting in the middle. As Abramović described it: "That walk became a complete personal drama. Ulay started from the Gobi Desert and I from the Yellow Sea. After each of us walked 2500 km, we met in the middle and said good-bye." She has said that she conceived this walk in a dream, and it provided what she thought was an appropriate, romantic ending to a relationship full of mysticism, energy, and attraction. She later described the process: "We needed a certain form of ending, after this huge distance walking towards each other. It is very human. It is in a way more dramatic, more like a film ending ... Because in the end, you are really alone, whatever you do." She reported that during her walk she was reinterpreting her connection to the physical world and to nature. She felt that the metals in the ground influenced her mood and state of being; she also pondered the Chinese myths in which the Great Wall has been described as a "dragon of energy." It took the couple eight years to acquire permission from the Chinese government to perform the work, by which time their relationship had completely dissolved.
At her 2010 MoMA retrospective, Abramović performed The Artist Is Present, in which she shared a period of silence with each stranger who sat in front of her. Although "they met and talked the morning of the opening", Abramović had a deeply emotional reaction to Ulay when he arrived at her performance, reaching out to him across the table between them; the video of the event went viral.
In November 2015, Ulay took Abramović to court, claiming she had paid him insufficient royalties according to the terms of a 1999 contract covering sales of their joint works and a year later, in September 2016, Abramović was ordered to pay Ulay €250,000. In its ruling, the court in Amsterdam found that Ulay was entitled to royalties of 20% net on the sales of their works, as specified in the original 1999 contract, and ordered Abramović to backdate royalties of more than €250,000, as well as more than €23,000 in legal costs. Additionally, she was ordered to provide full accreditation to joint works listed as by "Ulay/Abramović" covering the period from 1976 to 1980, and "Abramović/Ulay" for those from 1981 to 1988.
Cleaning the Mirror, 1995
Cleaning the Mirror consisted of five monitors playing footage in which Abramović scrubs a grimy human skeleton in her lap. She vigorously brushes the different parts of the skeleton with soapy water. Each monitor is dedicated to one part of the skeleton: the head, the pelvis, the ribs, the hands, and the feet. Each video is filmed with its own sound, creating an overlap. As the skeleton becomes cleaner, Abramović becomes covered in the grayish dirt that was once covering the skeleton. This three-hour performance is filled with metaphors of the Tibetan death rites that prepare disciples to become one with their own mortality. The piece consists of a three-piece series. Cleaning the Mirror #1 was performed at the Museum of Modern Art, consisting of three hours. Cleaning the Mirror #2 consists of 90 minutes performed at Oxford University. Cleaning the Mirror #3 was performed at Pitt Rivers Museum for five hours.
Spirit Cooking, 1996
Abramović worked with Jacob Samuel to produce a cookbook of "aphrodisiac recipes" called Spirit Cooking in 1996. These "recipes" were meant to be "evocative instructions for actions or for thoughts". For example, one of the recipes calls for "13,000 grams of jealousy," while another says to "mix fresh breast milk with fresh sperm milk." The work was inspired by the popular belief that ghosts feed off intangible things like light, sound, and emotions.
In 1997, Abramović created a multimedia Spirit Cooking installation. This was originally installed in the Zerynthia Associazione per l'Arte Contemporanea in Rome, Italy and included white gallery walls with "enigmatically violent recipe instructions" painted in pig's blood. According to Alexxa Gotthardt, the work is "a comment on humanity's reliance on ritual to organize and legitimize our lives and contain our bodies".
Abramovic also published a Spirit Cooking cookbook, containing comico-mystical, self-help instructions that are meant to be just poetry. Spirit Cooking later evolved into a form of dinner party entertainment that Abramovic occasionally lays on for collectors, donors, and friends.
Balkan Baroque, 1997
In this piece, Abramović vigorously scrubbed thousands of bloody cow bones over a period of four days, in reference to the ethnic cleansing that had taken place in the Balkans during the 1990s. This performance piece earned Abramović the Golden Lion award at the Venice Biennale.
Abramović created Balkan Baroque as a response to the war in Bosnia. She remembers other artists reacting immediately, creating work and protesting about the effects and horrors of the war. Abramović could not bring herself to create work on the matter so soon, as it was too close to home for her. Eventually, Abramović returned to Belgrade, where she interviewed her mother, father, and a rat-catcher. She then incorporated these interviews into her piece, as well as clips of the hands of her father, her father holding a pistol and her mother showing empty hands then crossed hands. Abramović is dressed as a doctor recounting the story of the rat-catcher. While this is happening, Abramović sits among a large pile of bones and tries to wash them.
The performance occurred in Venice in 1997. Abramović remembers worms emerging from the bones and the horrible smell, as it was extremely hot in Venice during the summer. Abramović explains that the idea of scrubbing the bones clean, trying to remove the blood, is impossible. The point Abramović is trying to make is that blood can't be washed from bones and hands, just as the war can't be cleansed of shame. She wanted to allow the images from the performance to speak for not only the war in Bosnia, but for any war, anywhere in the world.
Seven Easy Pieces, 2005
Beginning on November 9, 2005, Abramović presented Seven Easy Pieces at the Guggenheim Museum in New York City. On seven consecutive nights for seven hours she recreated the works of five artists first performed in the '60s and '70s, in addition to re-performing her own Thomas Lips and introducing a new performance on the last night. The performances were arduous, requiring both the physical and the mental concentration of the artist. Included in Abramović's performances were recreations of Gina Pane's The Conditioning, which required lying on a bed frame suspended over a grid of lit candles, and of Vito Acconci's 1972 performance in which the artist masturbated under the floorboards of a gallery as visitors walked overhead. It is argued that Abramović re-performed these works as a series of homages to the past, though many of the performances were altered from their originals. All seven performances were dedicated to Abramović's late friend Susan Sontag.
A full list of the works performed is as follows:
Bruce Nauman's Body Pressure (1974)
Vito Acconci's Seedbed (1972)
Valie Export's Action Pants: Genital Panic (1969)
Gina Pane's The Conditioning (1973)
Joseph Beuys's How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare (1965)
Abramović's own Thomas Lips (1975)
Abramović's own Entering the Other Side (2005)
The Artist Is Present: March–May 2010
From March 14 to May 31, 2010, the Museum of Modern Art held a major retrospective and performance recreation of Abramović's work, the biggest exhibition of performance art in MoMA's history, curated by Klaus Biesenbach. Biesenbach also provided the title for the performance, which referred to the fact that during the entire performance "the artist would be right there in the gallery or the museum."
During the run of the exhibition, Abramović performed The Artist Is Present, a 736-hour and 30-minute static, silent piece, in which she sat immobile in the museum's atrium while spectators were invited to take turns sitting opposite her. Ulay made a surprise appearance at the opening night of the show.
Abramović sat in a rectangle drawn with tape in the floor of the second floor atrium of the MoMA; theater lights shone on her sitting in a chair and a chair opposite her. Visitors waiting in line were invited to sit individually across from the artist while she maintained eye contact with them. Visitors began crowding the atrium within days of the show opening, some gathering before the exhibit opened each morning to rush for a more preferable place in the line to sit with Abramović. Most visitors sat with the artist for five minutes or less, a few sat with her for an entire day. The line attracted no attention from museum security until the last day of the exhibition, when a visitor vomited in line and another began to disrobe. Tensions among visitors in line could have arisen from an understanding that for every minute each person in line spent with Abramović, there would be that many fewer minutes in the day for those further back in line to spend with the artist. Due to the strenuous nature of sitting for hours at a time, art-enthusiasts have speculated as to whether Abramović wore an adult diaper to eliminate the need to move to urinate. Others have highlighted the movements she made in between sitters as a focus of analysis, as the only variations in the artist between sitters were when she would cry if a sitter cried and her moment of physical contact with Ulay, one of the earliest visitors to the exhibition. Abramović sat across from 1,545 sitters, including Klaus Biesenbach, James Franco, Lou Reed, Alan Rickman, Jemima Kirke, Jennifer Carpenter, and Björk; sitters were asked not to touch or speak to the artist. By the end of the exhibit, hundreds of visitors were lining up outside the museum overnight to secure a spot in line the next morning. Abramović concluded the performance by slipping from the chair where she was seated and rising to a cheering crowd more than ten people deep.
A support group for the "sitters", "Sitting with Marina", was established on Facebook, as was the blog "Marina Abramović made me cry". The Italian photographer Marco Anelli took portraits of every person who sat opposite Abramović, which were published on Flickr, compiled in a book and featured in an exhibition at the Danziger Gallery in New York.
Abramović said the show changed her life "completely – every possible element, every physical emotion". After Lady Gaga saw the show and publicized it, Abramović found a new audience: "So the kids from 12 and 14 years old to about 18, the public who normally don't go to the museum, who don't give a shit about performance art or don't even know what it is, started coming because of Lady Gaga. And they saw the show and then they started coming back. And that's how I get a whole new audience." In September 2011, a video game version of Abramović's performance was released by Pippin Barr.<ref>Gray, Rosie (September 16, 2011). "Pippin Barr, Man Behind the Marina Abramovic Video Game, Weighs in on His Creation. ", The Village Voice'. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref> In 2013, Dale Eisinger of Complex ranked The Artist Is Present ninth (along with Rhythm 0) in his list of the greatest performance art works.
Her performance inspired Australian novelist Heather Rose to write The Museum of Modern Love and she subsequently launched the US edition of the book at the Museum of Modern Art in 2018.
Other
In 2009, Abramović was featured in Chiara Clemente's documentary Our City Dreams and a book of the same name. The five featured artists – also including Swoon, Ghada Amer, Kiki Smith, and Nancy Spero – "each possess a passion for making work that is inseparable from their devotion to New York", according to the publisher. Abramović is also the subject of an independent documentary film entitled Marina Abramović: The Artist Is Present, which is based on her life and performance at her retrospective "The Artist Is Present" at the Museum of Modern Art in 2010. The film was broadcast in the United States on HBO and won a Peabody Award in 2012. In January 2011, Abramović was on the cover of Serbian ELLE, photographed by Dušan Reljin. Kim Stanley Robinson's science fiction novel 2312 mentions a style of performance art pieces known as "abramovics".
A world premiere installation by Abramović was featured at Toronto's Trinity Bellwoods Park as part of the Luminato Festival in June 2013. Abramović is also co-creator, along with Robert Wilson of the theatrical production The Life and Death of Marina Abramović, which had its North American premiere at the festival, and at the Park Avenue Armory in December.
In 2007 Abramović created the Marina Abramović Institute (MAI), a nonprofit foundation for performance art, in a 33,000 square-foot space in Hudson, New York. She also founded a performance institute in San Francisco. She is a patron of the London-based Live Art Development Agency.
In June 2014 she presented a new piece at London's Serpentine Gallery called 512 Hours. In the Sean Kelly Gallery-hosted Generator, (December 6, 2014) participants are blindfolded and wear sound-canceling in an exploration of nothingness.
In celebration of her 70th birthday on November 30, 2016, Abramović took over the Guggenheim museum (eleven years after her previous happening there) for her birthday party entitled "Marina 70". Part one of the evening, titled "Silence," lasted 70 minutes, ending with the crash of a gong struck by the artist. Then came the more conventional part two: "Entertainment", during which Abramović took to the stage to make a speech before watching English singer and visual artist ANOHNI perform the song "My Way" while wearing a large black hood.
In March 2015, Abramović presented a TED talk titled, "An art made of trust, vulnerability and connection".
In 2019, IFC's mockumentary show Documentary Now! parodied Abramović's work and the documentary film Marina Abramović: The Artist Is Present. The episode, titled "Waiting for the Artist", starred Cate Blanchett as Isabella Barta (Abramović) and Fred Armisen as Dimo (Ulay).
Originally set to open 26 September 2020, her first major exhibition in the UK at the Royal Academy of Arts has been rescheduled for autumn 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the Academy, the exhibition will "bring together works spanning her 50-year career, along with new works conceived especially for these galleries. As Abramović approaches her mid-70s, her new work reflects on changes to the artist's body, and explores her perception of the transition between life and death."
In 2021, she inaugurated a monument, Crystal wall of crying, at the site of a Holocaust massacre in Ukraine of Babi Yar memorials.
In 2023, she was the first woman in 255 years to be invited to give a solo show in the main galleries of the Royal Academy.
Refused proposals
Abramović had proposed some solo performances during her career that never were performed. One such proposal was titled "Come to Wash with Me". This performance would take place in a gallery space that was to be transformed into a laundry with sinks placed all around the walls of the gallery. The public would enter the space and be asked to take off all of their clothes and give them to Abramović. The individuals would then wait around as she would wash, dry and iron their clothes for them, and once she was done, she would give them back their clothing, and they could get dressed and then leave. She proposed this in 1969 for the Galerija Doma Omladine in Belgrade. The proposal was refused.
In 1970 she proposed a similar idea to the same gallery that was also refused. The piece was untitled. Abramović would stand in front of the public dressed in her regular clothing. Present on the side of the stage was a clothes rack adorned with clothing that her mother wanted her to wear. She would take the clothing one by one and change into them, then stand to face the public for a while. "From the right pocket of my skirt I take a gun. From the left pocket of my skirt I take a bullet. I put the bullet into the chamber and turn it. I place the gun to my temple. I pull the trigger." The performance had two possible outcomes.
The list of Mother's clothes included:
Heavy brown pin for the hair
White cotton blouse with red dots
Light pink bra – 2 sizes too big
Dark pink heavy flannel slip – three sizes too big
Dark blue skirt – mid-calf
Skin color heavy synthetic stockings
Heavy orthopedic shoes with laces
Films
Abramović directed a segment, Balkan Erotic Epic, in Destricted, a compilation of erotic films made in 2006. In 2008 she directed a segment Dangerous Games in another film compilation Stories on Human Rights. She also acted in a five-minute short film Antony and the Johnsons: Cut the World.
Marina Abramović Institute
The Marina Abramović Institute (MAI) is a performance art organization with a focus on performance, long durational works, and the use of the "Abramovic Method".
In its early phases, it was a proposed multi-functional museum space in Hudson, New York. Abramović purchased the site for the institute in 2007. Located in Hudson, New York, the building was built in 1933 and has been used as a theater and community tennis center. The building was to be renovated according to a design by Rem Koolhaas and Shohei Shigematsu of OMA. The early design phase of this project was funded by a Kickstarter campaign. The campaign was funded by more than 4,000 contributors, including Lady Gaga and Jay-Z. The building project was canceled in October 2017 due to its high anticipated cost,
The institute continues to operate as a traveling organization. To date, MAI has partnered with many institutions and artists internationally, traveling to Brazil, Greece, and Turkey.
Collaborations
She did work when young as a performer in one of Hermann Nitsch performances which were part of the Viennese actionism.
Abramović maintains a friendship with actor James Franco, who interviewed her for the Wall Street Journal in 2009. Franco visited her during The Artist Is Present in 2010, and the two also attended the 2012 Met Gala together.
In July 2013, Abramović worked with Lady Gaga on the pop singer's third album Artpop. Gaga's work with Abramović, as well as artists Jeff Koons and Robert Wilson, was displayed at an event titled "ArtRave" on November 10. Furthermore, both have collaborated on projects supporting the Marina Abramović Institute, including Gaga's participation in an 'Abramović Method' video and a nonstop reading of Stanisław Lem's sci-fi novel, Solaris.
Also that month, Jay-Z showcased an Abramović-inspired piece at Pace Gallery in New York City. He performed his art-inspired track "Picasso Baby" for six straight hours. During the performance, Abramović and several figures in the art world were invited to dance with him standing face to face. The footage was later turned into a music video. She allowed Jay-Z to adapt "The Artist Is Present" under the condition that he would donate to her institute. Abramović stated that Jay-Z did not live up to his end of the deal, describing the performance as a "one-way transaction". However, two years later in 2015, Abramović publicly issued an apology stating she was never informed of Jay-Z's sizable donation.
Controversies
Abramović sparked controversy in August 2016 when passages from an early draft of her memoir were released, in which—based on notes from her 1979 initial encounter with Aboriginal Australians—she compared them to dinosaurs and observed that "they have big torsos (just one bad result of their encounter with Western civilization is a high sugar diet that bloats their bodies) and sticklike legs". She responded to the controversy on Facebook, writing, "I have the greatest respect for the Aborigine people, to whom I owe everything."
Among a tranche of emails leaked from John Podesta and published by WikiLeaks in the run-up to the 2016 US presidential election was a message from Abramović to Podesta's brother discussing an invitation to a spirit cooking, which was interpreted by conspiracy theorist Alex Jones as an invitation to a satanic ritual, and presented by Jones and others as proof that Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton had links with the occult. In a 2013 Reddit Q&A, in response to a question about occult in contemporary art, she said: "Everything depends on which context you are doing what you are doing. If you are doing the occult magic in the context of art or in a gallery, then it is the art. If you are doing it in different context, in spiritual circles or private house or on TV shows, it is not art. The intention, the context for what is made, and where it is made defines what art is or not".
On April 10, 2020, Microsoft released a promotional video for HoloLens 2, which featured Abramović. However, due to accusations by right-wing conspiracy theorists of her having ties to Satanism, Microsoft eventually pulled the advertisement. Abramović responded to the criticism, appealing to people to stop harassing her, arguing that her performances are just the art that she has been doing for 50 years of her life.
Personal life
Abramović claims she feels "neither like a Serb, nor a Montenegrin", but an ex-Yugoslav. "When people ask me where I am from," she says, "I never say Serbia. I always say I come from a country that no longer exists."
Abramović has had three abortions throughout her life, and has said that having children would have been a "disaster for her work."
Sculptor Nikola Pešić says that Abramović has a lifelong interest in esotericism and Spiritualism (not to be confused with Satanism).
Awards
Golden Lion, XLVII Venice Biennale, 1997
, 2002
New York Dance and Performance Awards (The Bessies), 2002
International Association of Art Critics, Best Show in a Commercial Gallery Award, 2003
Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (2008)
Honorary Doctorate of Arts, University of Plymouth UK, September 25, 2009
Honorary Royal Academician (HonRA), September 27, 2011
Cultural Leadership Award, American Federation of Arts, October 26, 2011
Honorary Doctorate of Arts, Instituto Superior de Arte, Cuba, May 14, 2012
July 13' Lifetime Achievement Awards, Podgorica, Montenegro, October 1, 2012
The Karić brothers award (category art and culture), 2012
(2012; not to be confused with the Silver and Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival; a cultural award of the German tabloid BZ)
Golden Medal for Merits, Republic of Serbia, 2021
Princess of Asturias Award in the category of Arts, 2021.
Sonning Prize, 2023
Bibliography
Books by Abramović and collaborators
Cleaning the House, artist Abramović, author Abramović (Wiley, 1995)
Artist Body: Performances 1969–1998, artist, Abramović; authors Abramović, Toni Stooss, Thomas McEvilley, Bojana Pejic, Hans Ulrich Obrist, Chrissie Iles, Jan Avgikos, Thomas Wulffen, Velimir Abramović; English ed. (Charta, 1998) .
The Bridge / El Puente, artist Abramović, authors Abramović, Pablo J. Rico, Thomas Wulffen (Charta, 1998) .
Performing Body, artist Abramović, authors Abramović, Dobrila Denegri (Charta, 1998) .
Public Body: Installations and Objects 1965–2001, artist Abramović, authors Celant, Germano, Abramović (Charta, 2001) .
Marina Abramović, fifteen artists, Fondazione Ratti; coauthors Abramović, Anna Daneri, Giacinto Di Pietrantonio, Lóránd Hegyi, Societas Raffaello Sanzio, Angela Vettese (Charta, 2002) .
Student Body, artist Abramović, vari; authors Abramović, Miguel Fernandez-Cid, students; (Charta, 2002) .
The House with the Ocean View, artist Abramović; authors Abramović, Sean Kelly, Thomas McEvilley, Cindy Carr, Chrissie Iles, RosaLee Goldberg, Peggy Phelan (Charta, 2004) ; the 2002 piece of the same name, in which Abramović lived on three open platforms in a gallery with only water for 12 days, was reenacted in Sex and the City in the HBO series' sixth season.
Marina Abramović: The Biography of Biographies, artist Abramović; coauthors Abramović, Michael Laub, Monique Veaute, Fabrizio Grifasi (Charta, 2004) .
Balkan Epic, (Skira, 2006).
Seven Easy Pieces, artist, Abramović; authors Nancy Spector, Erika Fischer-Lichte, Sandra Umathum, Abramović; (Charta, 2007). .
Marina Abramović, artist Abramović; authors Kristine Stiles, Klaus Biesenbach, Chrissie Iles, Abramović; (Phaidon, 2008). .
When Marina Abramović Dies: A Biography. Author James Westcott. (MIT, 2010). .
Walk Through Walls: A Memoir, author Abramović (Crown Archetype, 2016). .
Films by Abramović and collaborators
Balkan Baroque, (Pierre Coulibeuf, 1999)
Balkan Erotic Epic, as producer and director, Destricted'' (Offhollywood Digital, 2006)
References
External links
Official website
Hear the artist speak about her work MoMA Audio: Marina Abramović: The Artist Is Present
Marina Abramović: The Artist Is Present at MoMA
Marina Abramović: 512 Hours at the Serpentine Galleries
Marina Abramović: Advice to Young Artists Video by Louisiana Channel
Marina Abramović & Ulay: Living Doors of the Museum Video by Louisiana Channel
The Story of Marina Abramović and Ulay Video by Louisiana Channel
47-minute in-depth interview – Marina Abramović: Electricity Passing Through Video by Louisiana Channel
Abramovic SKNY Sean Kelly Gallery
Marina Abramović at Art:21
Marina Abramović on Artnet
Marina Abramovic Institute, Hudson, NY.
Marina Abramović at the Lisson Gallery
Royal Academy of Arts Marina Abramović
1946 births
20th-century women artists
Ulay and Marina Abramovic
Artists from Belgrade
Body art
Academic staff of the École des Beaux-Arts
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy
Living people
Film people from Belgrade
Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
Serbian contemporary artists
Serbian expatriates in the United States
Serbian philanthropists
Signalism
Walking artists
Endurance artists
Yugoslav artists
Serbian performance artists
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts
Academic staff of the Berlin University of the Arts
Serbian women artists
Yugoslav expatriates in the Netherlands
Serbian people of Montenegrin descent
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] |
57288059
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouwens
|
Bouwens
|
Bouwens is a Dutch patronymic surname meaning "Bouwe's son". Bouwe is a short form of the given name Boudewijn. Variant forms are Bauwens, Boudens, Bouwen, Bouwense and Bouwes. People with the surname include:
Antonius Bouwens (1876–1963), Dutch sports shooter, brother of Herman
(born 1991), Dutch swimmer
Hans Bouwens (born 1944), Dutch singer and songwriter known as "George Baker"
Herman Bouwens (1868–1955), Dutch sports shooter, brother of Antoine
(1515–1582), Dutch Mennonite leader
Maarten Bouwens (1511–1583), Dutch theologian and first bishop of Ypres
Richard Bouwens van der Boijen (1863–1939), French architect
Rychard Bouwens (born 1972), American astronomer at Leiden University
See also
Bauwens, variant spelling of the surname, more common in Belgium
Bouwe Bekking (born 1963), Dutch competitive sailor
References
Dutch-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
Surnames of Dutch origin
Lists of people by surname
|
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199999
] |
3998160
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldgate
|
Baldgate
|
Baldgate (also known as botakgate and bald 11) is a Malaysian scandal that began on January 30, 2006, when Malaysian police detained eleven senior citizens for playing mahjong, a gambling game, and shaved their heads. Gambling with chips is common among Malaysian Chinese, but gambling for money is illegal without a license. The incident came only a few days after the independent commission reviewing the Malaysian lock-up detainee abuse scandal of 2005 released its findings.
The suspects, Chee Kit Sing, 65, Chi Kong Eng, 31, Tee Boon Kiah, 55, Lee Chu Heng, 63, Lim Kee Swee, 64, Lee Swee Fong, 49, and Lim Yew Bee, 54, were arrested at a coffee shop in Kajang, Selangor, on the second day of the Chinese New Year. All of the 103 detainees in the same lock-up had their heads shaved. The eleven men were released the day after their arrest.
A spokesman for the Kajang police defended the head-shaving as "standard procedure," the same rationale provided for the scandal of 2005. He also stated it was in accordance with Section 9a of the Lock Up Rules. Malaysian Parliamentary opposition leader Lim Kit Siang of the Democratic Action Party (DAP) gave the incident the moniker of "botakgate".
Notes and references
See also
Malaysian lock-up detainee abuse scandal
Human rights abuses in Malaysia
Scandals in Malaysia
|
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] |
64324777
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashion%20in%20Iran
|
Fashion in Iran
|
Fashion and clothing in Iran is divided into several historical periods. The exact date of the emergence of weaving in Iran is not yet known, but it is likely to coincide with the emergence of civilization. Clothing in Iran is mentioned in Persian mythology. Ferdowsi and many historians have considered Keyumars to be the inventor of the use of animals' skin and hair as clothing. Some historians have also mentioned Hushang as the first inventor of the use of living skins as clothing. Ferdowsi considers Tahmuras to be a kind of textile initiator in Iran. There are historical discoveries in northern Iran from about 6,000 BC that refer to wool weaving at the time. Other discoveries in central Iran dating back to 4200 BC have shown that the animals' skin has not been the only clothing worn on the Iranian plateau since those years. The clothing of ancient Iran took an advanced form, and the fabric and color of clothing became very important at that time. Depending on the social status, eminence, climate of the region and the season, Persian clothing during the Achaemenian period took various forms. The philosophy used in this clothing, in addition to being functional, also had an aesthetic role.
One of the main features of Iranian women's fashion is wearing high-heeled boots. The history of this feature goes back to ancient Iran.
Beauty pageant festivals inside Iran were not held after the 1979 revolution, and the last selection ceremony of the beauty queen of Iran was held in 1978 in this country. After this, a high number of Iranian girls participated in the Beauty pageant and Miss Universe outside of Iran. Sahar Biniaz (Miss Universe Canada 2012) and Shermineh Shahrivar (Miss Germany and Miss Europe) are examples of Iranian models outside Iran.
History
Fashion in Iran is divided into several historical periods. The exact date of the emergence of weaving in Iran is not yet known, but it is likely to coincide with the emergence of civilization. Clothing in Iran is mentioned in Persian mythology. Ferdowsi and many historians have considered Keyumars to be the inventor of the use of animals' skin and hair as clothing. Some historians have also mentioned Hushang as the first inventor of the use of living skins as clothing. Ferdowsi considers Tahmuras to be a kind of textile initiator in Iran. There are historical discoveries in northern Iran from about 6,000 BC that refer to wool weaving at the time. Other discoveries in central Iran dating back to 4200 BC have shown that the animals' skin has not been the only clothing worn on the Iranian plateau since those years. The clothing of ancient Iran took an advanced form, and the fabric and color of clothing became very important at that time. Depending on the social status, eminence, climate of the region and the season, Persian clothing during the Achaemenian period took various forms. The philosophy used in this clothing, in addition to being functional, also had an aesthetic role.
Persian Boots
Ancient Persians used to wear leather high-heeled boots. Both Persian women and men wore varieties of "tall" boots. In modern era, boot became a main and common footwear among Iranian women, and this influenced the Iranian fashion industry. The sale of women's boots in Iran was reported ten times more than men's boots in a report in the 2000s.
One of the main features of Iranian women's fashion is wearing high-heeled boots. Although later hijab was considered to be the main feature.
After 1979 revolution
In Iran, since 1981, after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the hijab has become compulsory. All women are required to wear loose-fitting clothing and a headscarf in public.
The festivals of the Beauty pageant inside Iran were not held after the 1979 revolution, and the last selection ceremony of the beauty queen of Iran was held in 1978 in this country. After this, a high number of Iranian girls participated in the Beauty pageant and Miss Universe outside of Iran. Sahar Biniaz (Miss Universe Canada 2012) and Shermineh Shahrivar (Miss Germany and Miss Europe) are examples of Iranian models outside Iran.
Girls of Enghelab was a series of protests against compulsory hijab in Iran. The protests were inspired by Vida Movahed, an Iranian woman known as the Girl of Enghelab Street, who stood in the crowd on a utility box in the Enghelab Street (Revolution Street) of Tehran on 27 December 2017, tied her hijab, a white headscarf, to a stick, and waved it to the crowd as a flag. She was arrested on that day and was released temporary on bail a month later, on 28 January 2018. Some people believe that Movahed's action was based on Masih Alinejad's call for White Wednesdays, a protest movement that the presenter at VOA Persian Television started in early 2017. Other women later re-enacted her protest and posted photos of their actions on social media. These women are described as the "Girls of Enghelab Street" and "The Girls Of Revolution Street" in the English sources.
Protests against the compulsory hijab have been common since 1979, with one of the largest protests taking place between 8 and 14 March 1979, beginning on International Women's Day and a day after hijab rules were introduced by the Islamic Republic. Protests against mandatory hijab rules continued, such as during the 2019–2020 protests, when protesters attacked a Guidance Patrol van and freed two detained women.
In 2020, two representatives of Iranian government leader Ali Khamenei separately said that improperly veiled women should be made to feel "unsafe". The representatives later backtracked and said that their comments were misunderstood. Among the general population, an independent survey conducted in the same year showed that 58% of Iranians did not believe in hijab altogether, and 72% were against compulsory hijab rules. Only 15% insisted on the legal obligation to wear it in public.
Women's fashion
Attempts at changing dress norms (and perspectives toward it) occurred in mid-1930s when pro-Western ruler Reza Shah issued a decree banning all veils. Many types of male traditional clothing were also banned. Western historians state that this would have been a progressive step if women had indeed chosen to do it themselves, but instead this ban humiliated and alienated many Iranian women, since its effect was comparable to the hypothetical situation in which the European women had suddenly been ordered to go out topless into the street.
A far larger escalation of violence occurred in the summer of 1935 when Reza Shah ordered all men to wear European-style bowler hat, which was Western par excellence. This provoked massive non-violent demonstrations in July in the city of Mashhad. This decision by Reza Shah was criticized even by British consul in Tehran. Later, official measures relaxed slightly under next ruler and wearing of the headscarf or chador was no longer an offence, but for his regime it became a significant hindrance to climbing the social ladder as it was considered a badge of backwardness and an indicator of being a member of the lower class.
A few years prior to the Iranian revolution, a tendency towards questioning the relevance of Eurocentric gender roles as the model for Iranian society gained much ground among university students, and this sentiment was manifested in street demonstrations where many women from the non-veiled middle classes put on the veil and symbolically rejected the gender ideology of Pahlavi regime and its aggressive deculturalization. Wearing of headscarf and chador was one of main symbols of the 1979 revolution, Wearing headscarves and chadors was used as a significant populist tool and Iranian veiled women played an important rule in the revolution's victory. Since hijab was legally imposed on all Iranian women in 1984, post revolutionary Iranian women's fashion has seen Iranian women attempt to work within the narrow confines of the Islamic modesty code, with the typical attire gradually evolving from the standard black chador to a rousari (simple headscarf) combined with other colorful elements of clothing.
Before the Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979 (during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran), the hijab was not compulsory, though some Iranian women during this period wore headscarfs or chador.
In the Islamic law of Iran imposed shortly after the 1979 revolution, article 638 of 5th book of Islamic Penal Code (called Sanctions and deterrent penalties) women who do not wear a hijab may be imprisoned from ten days to two months, and/or required to pay fines from 50,000 up to 500,000 rials. Fines are recalculated in the courts to index for inflation.
Article 639 of the same book says, two types of people shall be sentenced one year to ten years' imprisonment; first a person who establishes or directs a place of immorality or prostitution, second, a person who facilitates or encourages people to commit immorality or prostitution.
Iran has an advanced leather industry for women's clothing, however, it needs technology development for export.
Agencies and Models
There is a range of fashion models from Iran (and Iranian-born) that made it to a high-level fame, such as Nazanin Afshin-Jam, Farzan Athari, Sahar Biniaz, Mahlagha Jaberi, Mandana Karimi, Aylar Lie, Leyla Milani, Shermine Shahrivar and Sadaf Taherian.
Social networks
Social networks have played a significant role in increasing the income from modeling in Iran. The influence of Instagram in the expansion of fashion photography in Iran has been mentioned by the Iranian media.
See also
Persian clothing
History of fashion design
Boot
Fashion boot
Chadors
Headscarves
References
External links
Iranian fashion
Iranian clothing
|
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] |
41024728
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shankharikathi%20massacre
|
Shankharikathi massacre
|
Shankharikathi massacre () refers to the killings of unarmed Hindu men by the Razakars in Shankharikathi market, Alukdia village of greater Khulna district in Bangladesh on 4 November 1971. 42 Hindus were killed in the massacre.
Background
Shankharikathi market is located in Alukdia village, which now falls under Kachua Upazila in Bagerhat District of Khulna Division. In 1971 it was within the Bagerhat sub-division of erstwhile greater Khulna district. During the Bangladesh Liberation War, Jamaat-e-Islami leader AKM Yusuf Ali formed the Razakar force at Khan Jahan Ali Road in Khulna with 96 Jamaat members. The Razakars had set up camp all over erstwhile greater Khulna, including the Daibagyahati camp in present-day Bagerhat District. In the middle of July a group of Razakars forcibly converted around 200 Hindus to Islam at the Shankharikathi market. The Hindus were given Islamic names and forced to consume beef, an act considered a sacrilege for Hindus.
Killings
On 3 November, the Mukti Bahini had attacked a Razakar camp in Daibagyahati, now in Morrelganj Upazila of Bagerhat District. During the attack, the Razakars captured Mahadev Saha, who happened to be from Alukdia village. On the afternoon of 4 November, a contingent of armed Razakar from the Daibagyahati Razakar camp, led by Commander Mujibur Rahman Mollah, arrived in Alukdia village with Mahadev Saha in captivity. They encircled the Shankharikathi market from three sides and rounded up around 90 Hindu males of various ages. The captive Hindus were tied up in pairs and made to stand in a line. With the blow of a whistle, they were shot by the Razakars. 42 Hindus died while the rest survived with injuries. The Razakars looted some of the adjacent Hindu villages and set them on fire.
On the evening of 6 November, the local villagers rescued the wounded from the Shankharikathi market. Later the Razakars forced the villagers to take the corpses of the deceased to the banks of Bishkhali River, where they were buried.
Commemoration
On 4 November 2010, the victims of the massacre were officially commemorated for the first time through a ceremony. Later a plaque with the names of the victims on it were erected at the site of the killings.
Investigations
On 9 January 2013, a nine-member team of the International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh) visited Shankharikathi to investigate the war crimes committed by A. K. M. Yusuf. The massacre in Shankharikathi was committed by a unit of the Razakar forced founded by Yusuf. According to investigating officer Mohammad Helal Uddin, Sirajul Islam Master was the platoon commander of the Razakar unit.
See also
Chuknagar massacre
Dakra massacre
References
1971 in Bangladesh
Massacres of Bengali Hindus in East Pakistan
Massacres in 1971
1971 in Pakistan
1971 Bangladesh genocide
Massacres committed by Pakistan in East Pakistan
Massacres of men
November 1971 events in Asia
Violence against men in Asia
|
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1082,
4372,
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306,
16363,
199999
] |
8467336
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr%20Yurkevych
|
Volodymyr Yurkevych
|
Volodymyr Ivanovych Yurkevych (December 2, 1912 in Lviv – July 7, 1985) was a Soviet musician.
He met up with Yuri Singalevych and began to take lessons from him. Together with Zinoviy Shtokalko they organized a bandura trio. Later they were joined by Stepan Hanushevsky and Semen Lastovych.
His original bandura was made for him by S. Lastovych based on an instrument made by Kost Misevych.
During the war he enlisted into the 1st Ukrainian Division and fought at Brody. Later he joined the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.
In Germany he performed in a trio with Volodymyr Maliutsa and Zinoviy Shtokalko. Later he joined an ensemble with D. Kravchenko and Hryhory Bazhul.
In 1950 he emigrated the United States.
He performed in an ensemble directed by S. Hanushevsky which recorded an album of UPA songs in 1952.
In 1972 he organized a Bandurist Capella made up of members of the First Ukrainian Division who lived in NY.
He also performed in a quartet with Roman Levytsky.
He moved to New York City, where he became director of the New York School of Bandura.
He played on a bandura made by Vasyl' Hlad from Gloucester.
He died July 7, 1985.
Students
Andrij Horniatkevych, A. Stusyk, V. Kovar, M. Stocko
Sources
U pamiati bandurysta Volodymyra Yurkevycha - Bandura 53-54, 1995.
Bandurists
Kobzarstvo
Soviet musicians
1985 deaths
1912 births
|
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] |
32917714
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolarpet%20block
|
Jolarpet block
|
The Jolarpet block is a revenue block in the Tirupattur district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 36 panchayat villages.
References
Revenue blocks of Vellore district
|
[
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510,
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199999
] |
19046933
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BR5-49%20%28album%29
|
BR5-49 (album)
|
BR5-49 is the self-titled debut studio album of the American country rock band BR5-49. The album was released in 1996 (see 1996 in country music) on the Arista Nashville label. Three singles were released from the album, all of which charted on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts. "Cherokee Boogie", the first of these three, was the highest charting, reaching #44. Following it were "Even If It's Wrong" at #68 and "Little Ramona (Gone Hillbilly Nuts)" at #61.
The album contains several covers:
The aforementioned "Cherokee Boogie" was originally recorded by Moon Mullican.
"Honky Tonk Song", co-written and originally recorded by Mel Tillis, was also recorded by Webb Pierce.
"Crazy Arms" is a cover of a Ray Price song.
"I Ain't Never", written by Mel Tillis and Webb Pierce, was recorded first by Pierce and later by Tillis.
"Hickory Wind" is a cover of a song by the Byrds.
Track listing
"Even If It's Wrong" (Gary Bennett) – 3:16
"Cherokee Boogie" (Moon Mullican, Chief William Redbird) – 2:31
"Honky Tonk Song" (Buck Peddy, Mel Tillis) – 2:36
"Lifetime to Prove" (Chuck Mead) – 3:03
"Little Ramona (Gone Hillbilly Nuts)" (Mead) – 3:24
"Crazy Arms" (Ralph Mooney, Chuck Seals) – 2:50
"I Ain't Never" (Webb Pierce, Tillis) – 2:11
"Chains of This Town" (Mead) – 4:04
"Are You Gettin' Tired of Me" (Bennett) – 2:13
"Hickory Wind" (Bob Buchanan, Gram Parsons) – 4:15
"One Long Saturday Night" (Mead) – 3:12
Personnel
From BR5-49 liner notes.
BR5-49
Gary Bennett – lead vocals, background vocals, acoustic guitar
Don Harron – steel guitar, Dobro, fiddle, mandolin, acoustic guitar
"Smilin'" Jay McDowell – upright bass
Chuck Mead – lead vocals, background vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar
"Hawk" Shaw Wilson – background vocals, drums
Additional musician
Mike Janas - acoustic guitar, six-string bass guitar, percussion
Technical
Don Cobb - digital editing
Mike Janas - production, recording
John Kelton - mixing
Jozef Nuyens - production
Denny Purcell - mastering
Chart performance
References
1996 debut albums
BR549 albums
Arista Records albums
|
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] |
1861473
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTWU
|
KTWU
|
KTWU (channel 11) is a PBS member television station in Topeka, Kansas, United States, owned by Washburn University. The station's studios are located on the western edge of the Washburn University campus at 19th Street and Jewell Avenue (with a College Avenue mailing address) in central Topeka, and its transmitter is located on Wanamaker Road (south of the Kansas River) on the city's northwest side.
KTWU is carried on many cable and satellite providers throughout eastern Kansas, including on the Kansas side of the Kansas City metropolitan area, giving viewers west of the Missouri River a second choice for PBS programming alongside KCPT.
History
In 1962, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigned the VHF channel 11 allocation in the Topeka market, reserving it for non-commercial broadcasting use. Thad Sandstrom, who at the time was the general manager and vice president of communications at Stauffer Communications, then-owners of WIBW-TV, the city's first television station (which launched nine years earlier in November 1953), helped convince the FCC to allocate channel 11 strictly for educational broadcasters.
While this move assured eastern Kansas of getting educational television (and later, PBS) service, it also meant that Topeka would have a long wait for full service from all three commercial networks. Although Topeka had been large enough on paper to support at least one other commercial station since the late 1950s, the only other available allocations were on the UHF band. Many electronics manufacturers did not begin incorporating UHF tuners onto television sets with UHF tuners until 1964, three years after the FCC passed the All-Channel Receiver Act. This made prospective owners skittish about bidding for the UHF allocations in Topeka. As a result, Topeka would not get a second commercial station until KTSB (channel 27, now KSNT) signed on in 1967.
Washburn University subsequently filed an application to operate a broadcast license to operate a television station on channel 11. The station first signed on the air on October 21, 1965, as a member of National Educational Television (NET). It was the first educational television station in Kansas, and would be the only one in the state until the Sunflower Educational Television Corporation signed on KPTS in Hutchinson in January 1970. KTWU originally operated from studio facilities located in Topeka's Signal Hill neighborhood, near Interstate 70 and Wanamaker Road, initially employing only five staffers. Stauffer Communications owned the Signal Hill building and leased it to Washburn. Stauffer also leased WIBW-TV's original tower in Maple Hill to Washburn.
The station began to struggle after an F5 tornado hit Topeka on June 8, 1966, damaging or destroying nearly every building on campus. The university chose to reallocate money that was originally earmarked for channel 11's operational budget to help in Washburn's rebuilding effort, leaving KTWU to rely mainly on viewer donations and private funding from local foundations and businesses, operating on a lean annual budget of $50,000. Older equipment leased to the station for production and master control services frequently broke down, and broadcasts were occasionally interrupted due to the aging transmission line on its broadcast tower. The Signal Hill studio was also periodically invaded by snakes, mice and insects. Local programming on the station during its early years included high school and college telecourses, and coverage of various sports.
On October 5, 1970, KTWU became a charter member of PBS, which was formed through the merger of National Educational Television with its Newark, New Jersey member station WNDT (now WNET) that was assisted by the Ford Foundation and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
For most of its first four decades on the air, KTWU signed-off at midnight seven nights a week. On September 5, 1998, the station converted to a 24-hour programming schedule, filling hours not programmed by KTWU with shows from PBS' default satellite schedule.
Programming
In addition to programming provided by PBS and through independent distributors such as American Public Television, KTWU produces several local programs including () Sunflower Journeys (a program focusing on the history of notable places and people throughout Kansas, which is syndicated regionally to fellow PBS members KCPT in Kansas City, KPTS in Wichita and the Smoky Hills PBS network in western Kansas), Theater of The Mind (an anthology series of televised adaptations of radio plays) and I’ve Got Issues (a monthly community affairs program).
The station has won several Emmy Awards throughout its history, including wins for its production of the Washburn University Holiday Vespers concert, a radio play adaptation of Dracula (as part of its Theater of the Mind series) and Sunflower Journeys.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
From 2003 (when KTWU signed on its digital signal on UHF channel 23) to 2005, the station carried PBS' high definition service, PBS HD Channel, on its main channel. On October 1, 2005, KTWU replaced PBS-HD on virtual channel 11.1 with the main schedule on the analog signal.
On May 4, 2009, KTWU became a member station of MHz Worldview, carrying the network on digital subchannel 11.2 (with the exception of a two-hour window from 6:00 to 8:00 p.m., in which the subchannel carries PBS Kids programming). On that same date, KTWU launched a third subchannel branded as "KTWU Enhance", which primarily carries lifestyle and how-to programming from Create as well as a selection of additional PBS programming.
Analog-to-digital conversion
KTWU shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 11, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 23 to VHF channel 11.
Translator
References
External links
Official website
PBS member stations
Television channels and stations established in 1965
Television stations in Topeka, Kansas
1965 establishments in Kansas
Washburn University
|
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13910255
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shams%20al-Din%20ibn%20Fazl%20Allah
|
Shams al-Din ibn Fazl Allah
|
Shams al-Din was the leader of the Sarbadars of Sabzewar from 1347 until around 1348.
Reign
Shams al-Din was the son of Fazl Allah and the brother of 'Abd al-Razzaq and Wajih ad-Din Mas'ud. As such, he had significant support amongst the members of the Bashtini gentry and the military. In 1347 they moved against Kulu Isfandiyar, who at that time controlled Sabzewar, and overthrew him. Shams al-Din then took control of the government. He was only able to hold on to power for about a year. A failure to pay the troops resulted in him in losing the favor of the military, and eventually he had so few supporters that the pro-dervish aristocrat Khwaja Shams al-Din 'Ali was able to stage a coup and force him to abdicate in 1348.
References
Smith, Jr., John Masson. The History of the Sarbadar Dynasty 1336-1381 A.D. and Its Sources. The Hague: Mouton, 1970.
Sarbadars
|
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63341055
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%20Spanish%20Indoor%20Athletics%20Championships
|
2017 Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships
|
The 2017 Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships was the 53rd edition of the annual indoor track and field competition organised by the Royal Spanish Athletics Federation (RFEA), which serves as the Spanish national indoor championship for the sport. A total of 26 events (divided evenly between the sexes) were contested over two days on 18 and 19 February at the Pista Cubierta de Atletismo Carlos Gil Pérez in Salamanca, Castile y León.
Orlando Ortega equalled the championship record of 7.52 in the semi-finals of the men's 60 metres hurdles.
Results
Men
Women
References
Results
LIII Campeonato de España Absoluto en Pista Cubierta . RFEA. Retrieved 2020-03-10.
External links
Official website for the Royal Spanish Athletics Federation
Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships
Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships
Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships
Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships
Sport in Salamanca
Sports competitions in Castile and León
|
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29003355
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naunghto-ngo
|
Naunghto-ngo
|
Naunghto-ngo is a village in Homalin Township, Hkamti District, in the Sagaing Region of northwestern Burma.
References
External links
Maplandia World Gazetteer
Populated places in Hkamti District
Homalin Township
|
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93South%20Carolina%20football%20rivalry
|
Georgia–South Carolina football rivalry
|
The Georgia–South Carolina football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Georgia Bulldogs and South Carolina Gamecocks. The rivalry started in 1894, and has been played annually since the Gamecocks joined the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in 1992, although as a result of SEC expansion, it will cease to be an annual matchup in 2024. Georgia leads the series 55–19–2 through the 2023 season.
Both of these SEC members coincidentally are flagship universities of their respective state systems, and are classified by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as a Research I university, the same designation as their sibling science, technology, engineering, and mathematics schools from the ACC — with which they also have intense rivalries: Georgia's Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate rivalry with the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, and South Carolina's Palmetto Bowl game against the Clemson Tigers.
Emergence of the rivalry
Traditionally, Georgia has had three main rivals: Georgia Tech, Auburn, and Florida.
The two schools played periodically until South Carolina's entrance into the SEC in 1992.
Recruiting battles have always existed between the two, but intensified due to South Carolina's success under head coach Steve Spurrier.
Georgia's fan base has disliked former South Carolina football coach, Steve Spurrier, since his days as head coach at the University of Florida.
The series between the two schools became especially competitive during the Steve Spurrier years, with Spurrier's Gamecocks holding an almost perfectly even 5–6 record against Georgia.
The game has traditionally been nationally televised to a large audience (Dating back to 1996, either on CBS, ESPN or ESPN2 except in 2016 and 2020).
Notable games
1980: One of the most memorable games was the 1980 game between Heisman Trophy hopefuls George Rogers and Herschel Walker. Led by Walker's 219 rushing yards, Georgia won 13–10 and went on to win the national title. Rogers turned in 168 rushing yards in the contest, setting the stage for a successful finish to his Heisman Trophy campaign.
1984: This game was a memorable upset. Before the season began, Mike Hold, South Carolina's backup quarterback, was thinking about transferring to Arizona State. Offensive coordinator Frank Sadler had told Hold that as long as he was offensive coordinator, he would never play. Hold called his dad and announced he was transferring, but his dad told him to stay one more week for the Georgia game. Starting quarterback Allen Mitchell was injured, and Hold had a 66-yard quick kick and a 62-yard pass to Ira Hillary that set up the game-winning touchdown, which he scored on a two-yard run. The result was a 17-10 upset over #12 Georgia that jump started a 10-1 season. Hold later stayed and said that it "was the best decision I've ever made in my life."
1993: South Carolina defeated #14 Georgia in Athens 23–21 when running back Brandon Bennett dove over the pile into the end zone with two seconds left to give South Carolina just their 10th victory ever against Georgia.
2000: South Carolina's defense intercepted Heisman Trophy hopeful Quincy Carter five times in a 21–10 upset of the #10 Bulldogs in Columbia. The victory broke an 18-game SEC losing streak for the Gamecocks.
2002: Georgia linebacker David Pollack batted down and intercepted a pass from South Carolina quarterback Corey Jenkins in the South Carolina end zone. This memorable play jump-started a quiet Georgia team, leading to a 13–7 victory.
2004: Georgia fell down early 16–0 thanks to a pick-six and an amazing touchdown catch and run by Troy Williamson. However, David Greene led a second-half comeback, complete with a deep touchdown pass to Reggie Brown late in the fourth. Georgia won 20–16 and kept their SEC hopes alive.
2005: D. J. Shockley's first SEC start after being named the player of the week by the SEC for the opener against Boise State. The Heisman campaign by Shockley came crashing down against South Carolina as the Gamecocks stifled the Georgia offense. Georgia would survive and win 17–15.
2006: Georgia entered the game ranked #12 in what many believed (and later proved) to be a rebuilding year for the program. Joe Tereshinski started the game but was injured early on and Georgia was forced into playing the #1 QB recruit in true freshman Matthew Stafford. Stafford showed off his arm strength on a few throws, but ended up having a very freshman-like performance, throwing 3 interceptions. The Bulldogs relied on a stingy defense, that held South Carolina to only 35 yards on the ground in 22 attempts in the 18–0 win. Just a day prior, former UGA defensive coordinator Erk Russell had died. In a fitting tribute to a Georgia great, the Georgia defense posted their first shutout in three years and only the second shutout of Spurrier's coaching career.
2007: South Carolina's second win against Georgia in the Richt era. The Gamecocks won 16–12, holding off a late drive by Georgia and recording an interception to end the game. This game would go on to cost Georgia the SEC East and a chance at an SEC and even national title as Georgia's only other loss would be to Tennessee, who would go on to win the East because of a tiebreaker over Georgia. South Carolina would finish the year 6-6 after a 6-1 start and Georgia would beat Hawaii in the Sugar Bowl to finish ranked #2 in the AP Poll.
2008: The second-ranked Bulldogs won a low scoring game on particularly hot and humid day in Williams-Brice Stadium. A goal-line fumble forced by Rennie Curran and a late game interception from Reshad Jones preserved an otherwise unimpressive 14–7 victory.
2009: Considered an instant classic, South Carolina jumped all over the Bulldogs, taking an early 17–7 lead, but #21 Georgia stormed back and won a shootout, 41–37, sealed by a batted pass in the end zone by linebacker Rennie Curran.
2010: The matchup in Columbia highlighted the archetype of the rivalry – a low scoring defensive shootout. #24 South Carolina defeated #22 Georgia 17–6, pulling away late in the game. Freshman running back Marcus Lattimore ran for 182 yards on 37 carries in his SEC debut. This victory set the stage for South Carolina's run to the SEC Eastern division.
2011: The 2011 game proved to be almost identical to the 2009 game. The #12 Gamecocks defeated the unranked Bulldogs in Athens 45–42. South Carolina defensive end Melvin Ingram became the third player since 2006 to score a touchdown both on offense and defense in the same game, a 68-yard run on a fake punt and a 5-yard fumble return. He also recovered an onside kick late in the game to seal the victory for the Gamecocks. South Carolina was the division leader for the majority of the season until the Gamecocks lost to the Arkansas Razorbacks, resulting in a Bulldog berth in the championship game.
2012: #6 South Carolina defeated #5 Georgia 35–7 in front of a record crowd (85,199) at Williams-Brice Stadium, the highest-ranked matchup of the teams in series history and the first time the Gamecocks have won three in a row over the Bulldogs. It remains the largest margin of victory in the series for the Gamecocks.
2013: #11 Georgia snapped #6 South Carolina's three game win streak against the Bulldogs and got a 41–30 win. A career day by Georgia quarterback Aaron Murray who had 309 passing yards and 4 touchdowns to go along with 132 rushing yards and touchdown by running back Todd Gurley led the Georgia win.
2014 : #6 Georgia was favored to defeat #24 South Carolina. However, SC had other ideas, and took a 24–13 lead at the half thanks to 3 touchdowns passing from Dylan Thompson. South Carolina extended the lead to 31–20 with a short TD run from Thompson. Feeling pressure, Georgia QB Hutson Mason threw a TD to Jay Rome. The Dawgs got the 2-point conversion, and trailed 31–28. Brandon Wilds then ran for a TD to put the Gamecocks up 38–28. Georgia scored again to cut it to 38–35, and Dylan Thompson was intercepted in his own red-zone. Georgia couldn't move the ball and settled for a Marshall Morgan field goal. The kick went just right of the uprights and was no good. On the ensuing drive South Carolina converted a fourth and inches near midfield that allowed them to kneel the rest of the clock out, winning 38–35. The Gamecocks reached #13 two weeks later, but a loss to Missouri sent them out of the rankings and to a 7–6 finish. Georgia went 10–3 and narrowly missed out on an SEC East Title.
2016: This game was postponed to Sunday due to Hurricane Matthew and South Carolina and Georgia both had two new coaches in Will Muschamp and Kirby Smart (both of which had served as assistants under Nick Saban). Georgia won 28-14.
2017 : Led by freshman Jake Fromm (who took over for former 5-star Jacob Eason when he got hurt in the season opener) Georgia had reached #1 in the CFP poll, entering November with an 8–0 record. They were closely tested against a 6–2 South Carolina team, as Georgia led just 14–7 at halftime. Ultimately, Georgia hung on for a 24–10 win. Fromm went 16/22 for 196 yards and 2 TDS for Georgia.
2019 : Undefeated, No. 3 Georgia came into the game as a 24.5-point favorite at home against unranked South Carolina. South Carolina had lost 3 games, including one to North Carolina, who had previously gone 2–9 in 2018. Shockingly, South Carolina upset Georgia 20–17 in double overtime behind Israel Mukuamu's 3 interceptions, including one returned for a touchdown late in the second quarter. South Carolina would only win one more game after this against Vanderbilt and finish 4–8. Georgia would go on to finish 12–2 and lose the SEC Championship to LSU, but would rebound by defeating Baylor in the Sugar Bowl.
Schedule change
In most years, since the 1991 SEC conference expansion, the game was the first conference game on the schedule for both teams. The game was typically held during the second week of the season with a non-conference game being played prior. (This was typically the case with a few early exceptions where the game was the first game of the season for both programs.) Due to SEC expansion in 2012, the schedule needed to be modified to accommodate new SEC members Texas A&M and Missouri. These became known as "bridge" schedules because they were meant to be temporary scheduling formats used to bridge the gap between the formats of 5–1–2, pre-expansion, and 6–1–1, which was agreed upon by the SEC membership as the new format. The 2012 "bridge" schedule, issued by the SEC home office, moved the UGA-USC game to October 6, 2012. However, in 2013 the SEC offices saw fit, even in the face of issuing another "bridge" schedule, to move the yearly tilt between the two programs back to the second week of the season for each program stating that the game would fill needed conference TV inventory for the early week in the season. At the same time the SEC announced that another "bridge" schedule would be issued for 2014, but that schedule has yet to be released by the SEC home office in Birmingham, Alabama. However, later the SEC released a 2014 schedule that is not a bridge schedule, and also released the future cross-division opponents for each team for the 2014–2025 seasons. Additionally, while USC remained as UGA's first conference game, the first conference game for USC was a week 1 game against Texas A&M. It remains to be seen if this is a permanent change to USC's schedule, as the SEC has yet to release schedules for 2018 and beyond. In 2016, the game was postponed from Saturday October 8 to Sunday October 9 due to the effects of Hurricane Matthew.
Game results
Border Bash
The Border Bash is an annual event held in Augusta, Georgia on the banks of the Savannah River celebrating Georgia–South Carolina rivalry. It is held on the Friday prior to the yearly UGA-USC football game. The event is supported by numerous business and private sponsors from both sides of the river. The evening event regularly draws over 10,000 fans from both fan-bases and proceeds are used to support numerous children's charities from around the CSRA through the Border Bash Foundation. Both mascots, as well as each program's cheerleaders, represent their programs at the event along with various dignitaries from the schools themselves. Neither the football coaches or the ballplayers attend due to conflicts with their pregame preparations.
See also
List of NCAA college football rivalry games
References
Additional sources
The Tuscaloosa News – Google News Archive Search
Waycross Journal-Herald – Google News Archive Search
No rivalry in area tops Bulldogs vs. Gamecocks | The Augusta Chronicle
College football rivalries in the United States
South Carolina Gamecocks football
Georgia Bulldogs football
|
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13332,
198,
117126,
134795,
13332,
199999
] |
1298885
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISPO
|
ISPO
|
ISPO is the Shortcut for:
Internationale Fachmesse für Sportartikel und Sportmode
International Simultaneous Policy Organization
International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics
|
[
2291,
3896,
382,
290,
172198,
395,
734,
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61155,
326,
51750,
35087,
199999
] |
7229123
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwe%20Beyer
|
Uwe Beyer
|
Uwe Beyer (14 April 1945 – 15 April 1993) was a West German hammer thrower. He competed at the 1964, 1968 and 1972 Olympics and won the bronze medal in 1964, representing the United Team of Germany, and later finished fourth in 1972 representing West Germany. He won the European title in 1971 and finished third in 1966 and fifth in 1974. Domestically Beyer won eight consecutive German titles in 1964–71, and received the Silbernes Lorbeerblatt in 1964. He also starred as Siegfried in Die Nibelungen (1966/1967 film). Beyer had a degree in physical education and in retirement ran a sports store in Mainz. His father Erich competed nationally in the shot put.
Beyer suffered a fatal heart attack while playing tennis in the Turkish beach resort of Belek, possibly as a delayed result of the use of anabolic steroids throughout his career, to which he freely admitted in a 1977 interview in the "Aktuelles Sportstudio" on ZDF.
References
1945 births
1993 deaths
German male hammer throwers
West German male hammer throwers
Olympic athletes for the United Team of Germany
Olympic athletes for West Germany
Olympic bronze medalists for the United Team of Germany
Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
European Athletics Championships medalists
Doping cases in athletics
German sportspeople in doping cases
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade bronze medalists for West Germany
Medalists at the 1973 Summer Universiade
Sportspeople from Schleswig-Holstein
20th-century German people
|
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] |
34844207
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phycitodes%20subcretacella
|
Phycitodes subcretacella
|
Phycitodes subcretacella is a species of snout moth. It was described from Japan, but is also found in Spain and Russia.
The wingspan is .
References
Phycitini
Moths described in 1901
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Moths of Japan
|
[
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199999
] |
31485850
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microschismus
|
Microschismus
|
Microschismus is a genus of moths in the family Alucitidae.
Species
Microschismus antennatus T. B. Fletcher, 1909 (South Africa)
Microschismus cymatias Meyrick, 1918
Microschismus fortis (Walsingham, 1881)
Microschismus lenzi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, 2011 (Zimbabwe)
Microschismus premnias Meyrick, 1913
Microschismus reginus Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, 2011 (South Africa)
Microschismus sceletias Meyrick, 1911
Microschismus sterkfontein Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, 2011 (South Africa)
References
Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich, 2011. A revision of the genus Microschismus Fletcher, 1909 (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae).African Invertebrates;2011, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p557 (abstract)
Alucitidae
Ditrysia genera
|
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33946,
35960,
535,
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199999
] |
21204665
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chwalimie
|
Chwalimie
|
Chwalimie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Okonek, within Złotów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Okonek, north-west of Złotów, and north of the regional capital Poznań.
Before 1648 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania, 1648-1945 Prussia and Germany. For more on its history, see History of Pomerania.
References
Chwalimie
|
[
1205,
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199999
] |
23124614
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Luther
|
Ed Luther
|
Edward Augustine Luther (born January 2, 1957 in Gardena, California) is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the fourth round of the 1980 NFL Draft. He played college football at San Jose State.
Luther was a backup quarterback behind Dan Fouts with the Chargers. He also played for the Indianapolis Colts and the Jacksonville Bulls in 1985 of the USFL.
References
External links
1957 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Indianapolis Colts players
Sportspeople from Gardena, California
San Diego Chargers players
San Jose State Spartans football players
Players of American football from Los Angeles County, California
St. Paul High School (Santa Fe Springs, California) alumni
|
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199999
] |
64368772
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit%20no%20Musume
|
Circuit no Musume
|
"Circuit no Musume" (サーキットの娘, also known by its alternative title "Wild Girls on Circuit") is the third single released by Japanese pop duo Puffy AmiYumi on March 12, 1997. The single was one of few releases to gain a #1 hit, with singles "Kore ga Watashi no Ikirumichi", "Nagisa ni Matsuwaru Et Cetera", and album Jet-CD. The single's cover design, when put alongside the right side of the cover from the single "Nagisa ni Matsuwaru Et Cetera", create a single picture together.
Track listing
Circuit no Musume
Circuit no Musume (Original Karaoke)
References
Puffy AmiYumi songs
1997 singles
1997 songs
|
[
104593,
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199999
] |
29271389
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laxmipuram%2C%20Srikakulam
|
Laxmipuram, Srikakulam
|
Laxmipuram is a small village in Palasa mandal, Srikakulam District Telangana, India. It is one of the developing villages in Palasa Mandal. Most of the people in this village are farmers or government employees. The village has a high literacy rate. Younger residents have begun to move out of the village to more urban areas including nearby city, Khammam. The village risks population loss as many continue to emigrate leaving older populations behind.
References
Villages in Srikakulam district
|
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199999
] |
35731228
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal%20case
|
Verbal case
|
In grammar, the term verbal case has been used with various meanings.
It may simply indicate the noun-case system of core arguments of the verb, such as nominative, accusative, ergative, absolutive, and sometimes core dative or benefactive. That is, the cases of those nouns most closely associated with the verb, and which may trigger verbal agreement or may be affected by the voice of a clause, rather than the cases of the more peripheral oblique arguments. A verbal case system may thus be synonymous with morphosyntactic alignment.
'Verbal case' may also mean those noun cases governed by the relationship of the noun to the verb, in contrast with 'nominal case', where the case of a noun is determined by another noun (for example, the genitive). In this use, 'verbal case' is nearly synonymous with 'case', as in most languages with case, all cases but the genitive are governed by the verb.
It may also be used for noun inflections which confer verbal properties to the noun. When a noun takes certain cases, it may also agree with the verb in tense–aspect–mood, for example, and so not behave as a typical noun.
It may refer to inflections of the verb which are argued to behave semantically like case on nouns. Traditionally, case is defined as a morphological inflection of the noun, not the verb, and it is controversial whether verbal inflections can truly behave like a case system.
Verbal case vs. nominal case
It is frequently remarked that the genitive case behaves differently than other cases: Most cases (sometimes 'verbal' cases) are governed by their role in the clause relative to the verb, whereas the genitive (a 'nominal' case) is governed by another noun. For instance, the difference in English between nominative "I" and oblique "me" is governed by its relationship to the verb (at least according to prescriptive grammars), whereas the genitive form "my" is associated with a noun: I see the dog, the dog sees me, but my dog.
There are other situations where a case has been argued to be nominal rather than verbal. For instance, in Latin, a noun may be inflected for case according to its role with an infinitive, which is arguably as much a noun as a verb, and this has been called nominal case:
Similarly, when a verb is nominalized, its arguments may remain with their original cases:
She likes me → (I don't like) her liking me
Here, as the verb 'likes' is changed to the gerund 'liking', and the nominative 'she' changes to genitive 'her', but the oblique case of 'me' remains. Such situations are very common in subordinate clauses.
References
Grammar
Grammatical cases
|
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] |
18804615
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine%20Harbor
|
Constantine Harbor
|
Constantine Harbor is an inlet on the eastern end of the north coast of the island of Amchitka in the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. It is near the site of an abandoned military airstrip.
Notes
References
Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Third Edition. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 1997. .
Rat Islands
Inlets of Alaska
Bodies of water of Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
|
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] |
9478068
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksei%20Sokolov
|
Aleksei Sokolov
|
Aleksei Sokolov (1787-died after 1833) was a Russian Orthodox priest. He was the first priest to arrive in Sitka, Alaska from Russia in 1816. He brought the festival icon of St. Michael and the silver-plated icon to the St. Michael's Cathedral. The silver-covered icon is to the right of the main ikonostasis and the festival icon of St. Michael is in the Chapel of Our Lady of Kazan on display in a showcase.
References
1787 births
Russian Eastern Orthodox priests
19th-century people from the Russian Empire
Year of death missing
18th-century Eastern Orthodox priests
|
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] |
33052057
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alovsat%20Bakhshiyev
|
Alovsat Bakhshiyev
|
Alovsat Gazanfar Bakhshiyev (; born 22 June 1956) is an Azerbaijani politician and economist who was the Prime Minister of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic from 2000-2020.
Biography
Alovsat Gazanfar Bakhshiyev was born on 22 June 1956 in the village of Karimbayli, in the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1963 he went to secondary school and graduated from high school in 1973. That same year, he entered the Finance and Credit Faculty of the D. Bunyadzade Azerbaijan National Economic Institute (now the Azerbaijan State University of Economics) and in 1977 graduated as an economist.
Bakhshiyev started his career in 1977 as an assistant accountant in the Ilic County Utilities Department. He was in military service in the Soviet Army from 1977 to 1979. From 1979 to 1986, he worked in the wine-growing sovkhoz "50th Anniversary of the Nakhichevan ASSR" as a legal adviser, economist, deputy chief accountant, chief accountant. He worked in the Ilich Regional Agro-Industrial Unity as leading economist-financier since 1986, and then until January 1992 served as Vice Chairman of the Council of People's Deputies of Ilich District. In 1992–1994 he was first deputy chairman and later chairman of the Executive Committee of the Assembly of People's Deputies of Sharur District.
Since August 1994 until February 2000, Bakhshiyev served as the Minister of Finance of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.
Since 11 February 2000 Bakhshiyev has been serving as the Prime Minister of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.
From 1990 to 1995 and from 1995 to 2000, he was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Assembly of Nakhchivan.
In 2006 he was awarded the honorary title of Civil Servant of the Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan. In 2013 Bakhshiyev was awarded by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, with a 3rd degree "For Service to Fatherland" Order and in 2016 with the Order of Glory.
He is married and has 3 children.
References
Azerbaijani politicians
1956 births
Living people
People from the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
|
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13716,
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32112,
155634,
13044,
199999
] |
61977115
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Piccioli
|
Jorge Piccioli
|
Jorge Piccioli (born 11 January 1942) is an Argentine field hockey player. He competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1972 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1942 births
Living people
Argentine male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Argentina
Field hockey players at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players from Buenos Aires
|
[
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56205,
54206,
199999
] |
30544665
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khorolsky%20%28rural%20locality%29
|
Khorolsky (rural locality)
|
Khorolsky (; masculine), Khorolskaya (; feminine), or Khorolskoye (; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
Khorolsky, Saratov Oblast, a settlement in Dergachyovsky District of Saratov Oblast
Khorolsky, Voronezh Oblast, a settlement in Khorolskoye Rural Settlement of Talovsky District of Voronezh Oblast
|
[
42,
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] |
74540868
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immo%20Appenzeller
|
Immo Appenzeller
|
Immo Appenzeller (born May 13, 1940 in Urach, Württemberg) is a German astronomer.
Career
Appenzeller studied physics at the University of Tübingen from 1959 on. In 1961 he moved to Göttingen to study physics and astronomy at the University of Göttingen. He received his doctorate in 1966 with a thesis entitled Investigation of the structure of the galactic magnetic field in Cygnus and Orion using polarization measurements of starlight supervised by Alfred Behr.
From 1964 to 1966 Appenzeller was research assistant at the Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago, and in 1967 he was appointed as an assistant at the Göttingen university observatory. After his habilitation in 1970 he became a private lecturer at the Göttinger university observatory. In 1972 he was a guest professor at the University of Tokyo, and in 1974 he was promoted to adjunct professor.
In 1975 he was named director of the state observatory Heidelberg-Königstuhl state observatory and full professor of astronomy at the University of Heidelberg. In 1982/83 he was invited as guest scientist at the University of Arizona. In 1985/86 he served as Dean of the Faculty of Physics and Astronomy in Heidelberg. From 1998 to 2000 he was also acting director of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy. He retired in 2005.
Appenzeller supervised the doctoral theses of about twenty students, about a third of which continued working in astronomy.
Research
Appenzeller conducted both observational and theoretical research and was also active in developing astronomical instruments. He was in particular project manager for the FORS instrument of the Very Large Telescope at ESO (European Southern Observatory) in Chile. He made significant contributions to several research fields, including star formation, stellar evolution, high redshift galaxies, active galaxies and quasars, massive luminous stars, and cosmic X-ray sources.
Honors
Appenzeller is an "External Scientific Member" of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg since 1979. He is a member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences. From 1994 to 1997 he was Secretary General of the International Astronomical Union. In 2002 he received the Gay Lussac Humboldt Prize. In 1991, the asteroid (2373) Immo was named after him. In 2015 he was awarded the Karl Schwarzschild Medal for his outstanging contributions to astronomy.
Selected publications
The first selection criterion for bibliographic references quoted in this section is the number of normalized citations, i.e., the total number of citations divided by the number of authors of the publication, as given by the Astrophysics Data System at the date of writing. Furthermore, only one reference is kept for each research subfield.
Appenzeller, I. and Mundt, R., “T Tauri stars”, Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, 1, 291–334, 1989
Appenzeller, I., “The evolution of a vibrationally unstable main-sequence star of 130 M sun.”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 5, 355, 1970
Bouvier, J. and Appenzeller, I., “A magnitude-limited spectroscopic and photometric survey of rho Ophiuchus X-ray sources.”, Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series, 92, 481–516, 1992
Appenzeller, I., “Polarimetric Observations of Nearby Stars in the Directions of the Galactic Poles and the Galactic Plane”, The Astrophysical Journal, 151, 907, 1968. doi:10.1086/149492
Zickgraf, F. J., Wolf, B., Stahl, O., Leitherer, C., and Appenzeller, I., “B(e)-supergiants of the Magellanic Clouds.”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 163, 119–134, 1986
Books
High redshift galaxies - light from the early universe, Springer 2009
Introduction to Astronomical Spectroscopy, Cambridge Verlag 2013
References
Academic staff of Heidelberg University
German astronomers
1940 births
Living people
Max Planck Institute directors
University of Tübingen alumni
University of Göttingen alumni
People from Bad Urach
|
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591,
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] |
8942273
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Gottlieb%20von%20Windisch
|
Karl Gottlieb von Windisch
|
Karl Gottlieb von Windisch (, , January 28, 1725, Pressburg – March 30, 1793, Pressburg) was a Hungarian German writer who produced a series of letters that were published as "Briefe über den Schachspieler von Kempelen nebst drey Kupferstichen die diese berühmte Maschine vorstellen", translated as "Inanimate Reason; or a Circumstantial Account of That Astonishing Piece of Mechanism, M. de Kempelen's Chess-Player; Now Exhibiting at No. 9 Savile-Row, Burlington Gardens", following a series of performances of The Turk that he attended. The letters have been cited often since their publication in attempts to uncover the secret of the machine. Windisch spoke Slovak and Hungarian and was the first publisher of an academic Journal in Eastern Europe.
Bibliography
Editor of Journals
Pressburger Zeitung (1764–1773)
Der Freund der Tugend (1767–1769)
Pressburgisches Wochenblatt zur Ausbreitung der Künste und Wissenschaften (1771–1773)
Ungrisches Magazin, oder Beyträge zur vaterländischen Geschichte, Erdbeschreibung, und Naturwissenschaft. 4 volumes (1781–1783, 1787)
Neues Ungrisches Magazin (1791–1792)
Books
Hanswurst. Ein Lustspiel in einem Aufzuge. Pressburg, 1761
Der vernünftige Zeitvertreiber. Pressburg, 1770
Politische, geographische und historische Beschreibung des Königreichs Hungarn. Pressburg, 1772 (Anonym ersch.)
Kurzgefasste Geschichte der Ungarn von den ältesten, bis auf die itzigen Zeiten... Pressburg, 1778
Geographie des Königreichs Ungarn. Mit Kupfern und 2 illuminirten Karten. 2. volumes, Pressburg, 1780
Betrachtung über den Tod Ihro Majestät Maria Theresia vor einer Versammlung, von einem Ungar. Pressburg, 1780
Briefe über den Schachspieler des Hrn. von Kempelen nebst drey Kupferstichen die diese berühmte Maschine vorstellen, published by Chr. von Mechel, Pressburg, 1783
Geographie und Geschichte des Königreichs Ungarn für Juden. 3. edition. Pressburg, 1785
Sammlung christlicher Lieder und Gesänge zum Gebrauche evangelischer Religionsverwandten. Pressburg, 1785
Neues Gesang- und Gebetbuch zum gottesdienstlichen Gebrauche der evangelischen Gemeinde in Pressburg. Pressburg, 1788
Geographie des Grossfürstenthums Siebenbürgen. Pressburg, 1790 [Verfasserschaft umstritten]
Beschreibung der Feierlichkeiten bei der Krönung Seiner Kaiserl. Majestät Leopold des Zweiten zum ungarischen König den 15. Novemb. 1790. Pressburg
References
Andrea Seidler, "Stolz bin ich auf den Einfall, ein Ungrisches Magazin herauszugeben...". Die Korrespondenz des Karl Gottlieb Windisch. Wien, Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2003.
Tom Standage, The Turk: The Life and Times of the Famous Eighteenth-Century Chess-Playing Machine. Walker and Company, New York City, 2002.
Gerald M. Levitt, The Turk, Chess Automaton. McFarland and Company Inc. Publishers, Jefferson, North Carolina, 2000.
Fritz Valjavec, Karl Gottlieb von Windisch. Das Lebensbild eines südostdeutschen Bürgers d. Aufklärungszeit. Schick, München, 1936
Mayors of Bratislava
Hungarian businesspeople
18th-century Hungarian historians
Hungarian chess players
German chess players
History of chess
Chess automatons
Chess people
Hungarian-German people
Writers from Bratislava
1725 births
1793 deaths
German male writers
|
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] |
47026566
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza%20de%20Espa%C3%B1a%20%28Manila%29
|
Plaza de España (Manila)
|
Plaza de España, also known simply as Plaza España, is a diminutive open space in Intramuros, Manila, Philippines formed by the intersection of Andres Soriano Avenue, Solana Street and Muralla Street. It is a triangular "square" which features a monument to King Philip II of Spain after whom the Philippines was named. The square is one of 47 parks and plazas in the City of Manila maintained by the city's Park Development Office in partnership with the Intramuros Administration. It is surrounded by the Aduana Building, the BPI Intramuros building which replaced the old Santo Domingo Church destroyed during World War II, and the Banco Filipino condominium building built on a portion of the old Ayuntamiento de Manila.
In the early Spanish colonial period, the square was known simply as Plaza Aduana. It was renamed to Plaza de los Martires de la Integridad de la Patria or simply Plaza de Martires in 1897 after the Spanish soldiers who died during the Philippine Revolution. It was in 1902 during the American colonial period when the plaza came to be known by its present name.
The Intramuros Administration began restoring the plaza in 1982. In 1998, the monument to King Philip II was erected in the center of the plaza. It was inaugurated in 2000 during the state visit of Queen Sofía as part of the celebration of the Philippine Centennial.
See also
Philippines–Spain relations
References
Espana
Buildings and structures in Intramuros
|
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] |
12355687
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wettinia%20fascicularis
|
Wettinia fascicularis
|
Wettinia fascicularis is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
References
fascicularis
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Ecuador
Least concern plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Max Burret
|
[
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21547671
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Carter%20%28musicologist%29
|
Tim Carter (musicologist)
|
Tim Carter (born 1954) is an Australian musicologist with a special focus on late Renaissance music and Italian Baroque music. An active member of the field of musicology, Carter is a department chair at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he holds the position of David G. Frey Distinguished Professor. He has worked on the editorial boards or staffs of a number of prominent musical publications and has published extensively in the field.
Career
Carter attended the universities of Durham and Birmingham. He has taught at various universities and served as department chair at Royal Holloway, University of London. In 2001, he took a position as Distinguished Professor and Chair in the music department of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Carter has been actively involved in a number of music associations, including the Royal Musical Association, the American Musicological Society and the Society for Seventeenth-Century Music (SSCM). He stood as president of the SSCM from 2003 to 2006.
He has also been active in publication. In addition to editing and publishing various books and papers, he is active in several journals in his field. He served as the joint editor from 1992 to 1998 of the Oxford international journal Music & Letters. He is on the editorial boards of Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music, Early Music, Cambridge Opera Journal, Studi musicali toscani: ricerche e cataloghi and Cambridge Studies in Opera.
Bibliography
“Oklahoma!” The Making of an American Musical. (2007) New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
“Musical Sources,” “The Venetian Madrigals,” and “Intermedio IV: Lamento della ninfa (1638).” In John Whenham and Richard Wistreich (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Monteverdi. (2007) Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 20–30, 179–94, 195–98
“Tutto ’l dí piango…: Petrarch and the ‘New Music’ in Early Seventeenth-Century Italy.’ In Loredana Chines (ed.), Il Petrarchismo: un modello di poesia per l’Europa. (2006) Rome: Bulzoni, vol. 1.
The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. (2005) Editors Tim Carter & John Butt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
“L’editoria musicale tra Cinque e Seicento.” In Carlo Fiore (ed.), Il libro di musica: per una storia delle fonti musicali in Europa, “De charta,” 7. (2004) Palermo: L’Epos, pp. 137–62
“In the Workshop of Rodgers and Hammerstein: New Light on Oklahoma!.” In C. Reardon and S. Parisi (eds), Music Observed: Studies in Memory of William C. Holmes. (2004) Warren, MI: Harmonie Park Press, pp. 55–64
“Che cosa è amor? Music and Love in Mozart’s Così fan tutte.” In B. Richardson et al. (eds.), Theatre, Opera, and Performance in Italy from the Fifteenth Century to the Present: Essays in Honour of Richard Andrews. ‘Occasional Papers of the Society for Italian Studies’, 6. (2004) Leeds: Society for Italian Studies, pp. 155–72
Monteverdi’s Musical Theatre. (2000) New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Monteverdi and his Contemporaries. (2000) “Variorum Collected Studies Series,” CS690. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Music, Patronage and Printing in Late Renaissance Florence. (2000) “Variorum Collected Studies Series,” CS682. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Music in Late Renaissance & Early Baroque Italy. (1992) London: Batsford (Portland, OR, Amadeus Press).
References
External links
Tim Carter, UNC profile
1954 births
Australian musicologists
Living people
Monteverdi scholars
|
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] |
8131419
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabecular%20arteries
|
Trabecular arteries
|
The trabecular arteries are the name of the branches of the splenic artery after it passes into the trabeculae of the spleen, where it branches.
When these arteries then reach the white pulp, and become covered with periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, the name changes again to central arteries (or central arterioles). Branches of the central arteries are given to the red pulp, and these are called penicillar arteries).
Details
The lienal artery is remarkable for its large size in proportion to the size of the organ, and also for its tortuous course. It divides into six or more branches, which enter the hilum of the spleen and ramify throughout its substance, receiving sheaths from an involution of the external fibrous tissue.
Similar sheaths also invest the nerves and veins.
Each branch runs in the transverse axis of the organ, from within outward, diminishing in size during its transit, and giving off in its passage smaller branches, some of which pass to the anterior, others to the posterior part.
These ultimately leave the trabecular sheaths, and terminate in the proper substance of the spleen in small tufts or pencils of minute arterioles, which open into the interstices of the reticulum formed by the branched sustentacular cells.
Each of the larger branches of the artery supplies chiefly that region of the organ in which the branch ramifies, having no anastomosis with the majority of the other branches.
The arterioles, supported by the minute trabeculae, traverse the pulp in all directions in bundles (penicilli) of straight vessels.
Their trabecular sheaths gradually undergo a transformation, become much thickened, and converted into adenoid tissue; the bundles of connective tissue becoming looser and their fibrils more delicate, and containing in their interstices an abundance of lymph corpuscles.
The altered coat of the arterioles, consisting of adenoid tissue, presents here and there thickenings of a spheroidal shape, the white pulp.
The arterioles end by opening freely into the splenic pulp; their walls become much attenuated, they lose their tubular character, and the endothelial cells become altered, presenting a branched appearance, and acquiring processes which are directly connected with the processes of the reticular cells of the pulp.
In this manner the vessels end, and the blood flowing through them finds its way into the interstices of the reticulated tissue of the splenic pulp.
References
External links
Slide at tufts.edu
Arteries
|
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] |
32624368
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy%20at%20the%202011%20World%20Championships%20in%20Athletics
|
Italy at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics
|
Italy competed at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea.
Medalists
Finalists
Italy national athletics team ranked 17th (with 7 finalists) in the IAAF placing table. Rank obtained by assigning eight points in the first place and so on to the eight finalists.
Advanced after Russian doping scandal, Elisa Rigaudo (from 4th to 2nd), Alex Schwazer (from 9th to 7th) and Silvia Salis (from 9th to 8th).
Team selection
The Italian Federation has announced a team of 33 athletes for the forthcoming event. The captain of this team is Nicola Vizzoni, at his eight consecutive participations to Worlds Championships. The team will be led by Olympic 50 km Race walk champion Alex Schwazer and European Indoor champions Antonietta Di Martino (High Jump) and Simona La Mantia (Triple Jump).
The following athletes appeared on the preliminary Entry List, but not on the Official Start List of the specific event, resulting in a total number of 30 competitors:
Results
For the Italian national team participated at the events 30 athletes, 15 men and 15 women.
Men (15)
Women (15)
Heptathlon
References
External links
Official local organising committee website
Official IAAF competition website
Nations at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics
World Championships in Athletics
2011
|
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] |
4225979
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%20%28band%29
|
D (band)
|
is a Japanese visual kei metal/rock band formed in 2003 by Asagi, Ruiza and Sin, after their previous band Syndrome disbanded. D's music includes heavy guitar songs, as well as melancholic ballads and even medieval music and folk dance from around the world. Their lyrics focus on love, human nature and esoteric themes, such as spirituality and the relationship between persons and nature, and their costumes are closely related to the stories they tell. Their styling matches their music: fantastical, gothic and elegant.
History
2003–2005: Formation and The Name of the Rose
In March 2003, D was formed with their initial lineup of vocalist Asagi, guitarist Ruiza, drummer Hiroki, guitarist Sin, and bassist Rena. They released their first EP, New Blood on July 18. Shortly before the release, Sin quit D, and not long after, Ruiza had to leave the band due to undisclosed health issues. D went on a short pause of activities from that point, however Asagi and Hiroki continued to play concerts under the name "Night of the Children" with a support guitarist, Tetsu. Meanwhile, Sin decided to leave the music scene and Hiroki called a former band member, Hide-Zou, to fill in. Once Ruiza was released from the hospital on September 27, D officially resumed activities with Hide-Zou replacing Sin on guitar. Two months after their reunion, they recorded their first single "Alice" which was given away for free at only one show in Tokyo that November. "Alice" was released as a single on November 27. On January 7 of the following year, they released their second EP: Paradox, which reached 13th place on the Oricon indies chart.
During 2004, D released another EP Yume Narishi Kuuchuu Teien, as well as a single entitled "Mayutsuki no Hitsugi", which was only for sale at three concerts in November, in Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka. They also released a remastered version of their first EP, with a previously unreleased track "Gareki no Hana". New Blood: Second Impact was released on December 8 of that year, quickly followed by their fourth single, "Mahiru no Koe: Synchronicity".
In 2005, Rena remained in the band long enough to release one more single and promotional video, "Yami Yori Kurai Doukoku no a Capella to Bara Yori Akai Jounetsu no Aria". On July 27, after finishing the recording of the forthcoming album, Rena left the band and Hide-Zou recorded bass for that release. They released their first full album titled The Name of the Rose on September 28 in two versions, each packaged with a DVD containing a different promotional video. D launched their own publication called Mad Tea Party Magazine on August 7.
2006–2007: New lineup, Tafel Anatomie and Neo culture: Beyond the world
On December 5, 2005, Tsunehito joined as the new bassist. The band re-released their first full album: The Name of the Rose, with re-recorded bass tracks by Tsunehito. The updated album contained three extra tracks: "Shiroi Yoru", "Tsukiyo no Renka", and "Mayutsuki no Hitsugi". Keeping with the trend of remastering their old albums, in 2006 D re-released their EPs Paradox and Yume Narishi Kuchuu Teien. The latter came with two additional tracks that were previously unreleased. Their seventh single, "Taiyou wo Okuru Hi", was released in two types: a limited edition with the promotional video for the title track, and a regular edition with an instrumental version of the title track. Two months later they released their second album, Tafel Anatomie on October 18, which ranked 36th on the Oricon weekly chart.
In 2007, D launched an official fan club, Ultimate Lover, and released their first DVD of live concert footage, Tafel Anatomie: Tour 2006 Final on March 14. Soon after, the band announced in-store events and a three-date tour in Osaka, Nagoya, and Tokyo on their website to support their "Dearest You" single to be released on April 25. In the summer, D had a dual single release campaign, with "Ouka Sakisomenikeri" released on July 18 and "Schwarzschild" on August 15. On November 7, they released their third full-length album Neo culture: Beyond the world with an expanded version of their usual multiple-version marketing tactic; buyers could choose from two special editions each containing a DVD with different promotional video, and a regular edition with a thirty-six page booklet.
2008–2010: Major label debut, Genetic World and 7th Rose
D signed with the major record label Avex Trax in 2008. Their last indies tour was called "Follow Me", and a DVD of footage from the final concert was released later in July. Their first major single called "Birth" was released on May 7. Their second major single, "Yami no Kuni no Alice/Hamon", was released on September 3. The title track was used as the theme for the movie Twilight Syndrome: Dead-Go-Round, and the b-side track "Hamon" was used as the ending theme for the Nintendo DS game Twilight Syndrome. Their first major label-sponsored concert entitled "Birth: Sora e no Kaiki" was held on August 8, followed by their year's end "Alice in Dark Edge" tour.
Their first activity of 2009 was the release of their third major single, "Snow White". Then on February 25, they released their fourth full-length album titled Genetic World. In the months following, they released a special combination concert photo book and live album "D Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge Final", and a live DVD: D Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge in March.
D's tour for Genetic World kicked off in April 2009 and ended that May. In September, Asagi opened a website for his company Rosen Kranz (God Child Records). Soon they announced the revival of Mad Tea Party Magazine, and it was decided that the eleventh volume and eighth special edition photo book would be released on October 13. D's fourth major single "Tightrope" was released on September 23. A previously unreleased song "Day by Day" was soon announced to be the theme song for a dating simulation game for Japanese mobile phones called LoveφSummit, part of the Neo Romance series from KOEI, as well as the title track of a new single that was to be released on December 2.
The band's first single of 2010, "Kaze ga Mekuru Peji", was used as the opening theme for the television drama Shinsengumi Peacemaker, aired on TBS and MBS, and was scheduled for sale on March 10. Their fifth album, titled 7th Rose in honor of their seven years of activity, was released later that month. A compilation DVD: D 1st Video Clips containing footage from their short television program Bara no Yakata, and several promotional videos from their independent and major releases was also released on March 31.
Their single, "In the Name of Justice", was released on November 17, 2010. It featured two special editions, one carrying the song's PV, other packing "the making of" the title track, also including "Grand Master", and a regular edition featuring "Yoru no Me to Ginyushijin".
2011–2012: World tour and Vampire Saga
On January 12, 2011, D released their sixth album called Vampire Saga. D covered Malice Mizer's song "Gekka no Yasoukyoku" for the compilation: Crush! -90's V-Rock Best Hit Cover Songs-. The album was released on January 26, 2011, and features current visual kei bands covering songs from bands that were important to the '90s visual kei movement.
In the spring of 2011, D did its first overseas tour through Torpedo Productions, in May the group visited Europe and played with the tour name "VAMPIRE SAGA in Europe - 'Path of the Rose'". They visited France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Russia, England and Finland, and were at Project A-Kon 2011 in Texas. After returning to Japan, they released the single "Torikago Goten ~L'Oiseau bleu~" and created their official Facebook page.
On November 21 the same year, the band released their new mini album titled Huang Di ~Yami ni Umareta Mukui~, the release was limited and sold out quickly thanks to the group's expanding fanbase and popularity.
On April 20, 2012, was the first stop of D's second European tour. To promote their new single "Dying Message" and also to again feel the energy of their western fans. Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Poland, Italy, Austria, Russia and Finland was on the tour schedule. Last show was May 9 in Russia. Following this, they embarked on their first South American Tour (Chile, Brazil and Argentina) in May. After the tour the group released the single "Dying Message" on May 30, 2012. On July 18, D released the single "Danzai no Gunner". In the PV to "Danzai no Gunner", Asagi (vocal) used a gun for the first time to save Tsunehito (bass) from a mad doctor. From July to August the band did a promotion tour called "Danzai no Gunner". On October 18, the band released a documentary DVD about their visit in Europe "Dying message ~2012 Overseas Odyssey Tour Documentary & Off-Shot".
On November 4, the band appeared on YouTube on the Online TV-show (visual kei)Viju Love Cafe, where they promoted their latest PV for "Namonaki Mori no Yumegatari". On November 14, the band released their latest EP called Namonaki Mori no Yumegatari with songs including "Hikari no Niwa", "Canis Lupus" and "Like a Black Cat - Mujitsu No Tsumi". The musicians are still in their infant years, reaching out into the world and broadening the visual kei stage.
2013–2014: 10th Anniversary and Kingdom
In April 2013, around the celebration of their 10th anniversary, D released news about joining the major label Victor Entertainment. They released Treasure box, a greatest hits album which includes songs from their times under God Child Records label. Later that year, they released Bloody Rose "Best Collection 2007-2011", which includes material from their Avex Trax era.
In May 2013, the band started their 10th anniversary tour. Between May 1 till 5th each band member had a show where their played their personal favorites from the band's many songs. The next 5 dates each had a show for each big record the band had released during their 10 years of performing. The band has expressed interest for a new tour in Europe.
In July 2013, the band began touring Japan and visiting each of the members home towns in celebration of their major label signing with a new visual for "Rosenstrauss", focusing the theme of the tour on the character "Rosalie" of their vampire story. Hiroki collaborated with many musicians on Dead End's tribute album, specifically on the song "Dress Burning".
On March 26, 2014, the band released new Best of album titled D Vampire Chronicle: V-Best Selection. Their seventh full-length album titled Kingdom was released on November 12, 2014. This album, it will continue D's popular vampire story, but is also described as a musical biography of the band: "beautiful, violent and transcending genre boundaries". D has announced that they went on an activity pause next year after finishing their 47-prefectures live tour due to worsening of vocalist Asagi's temporomandibular joint disorder.
2015–present: Wonderland Savior
D's hiatus ended in mid 2015. On December 9, 2015, they released a new single "Master Key". This single continues the "Alice in Wonderland" theme that also ran through D's previous single "Happy Unbirthday", which was released in September. D held a tour also named "MASTER KEY" starting from November, they held the tour final at Akasaka Blitz (with the guests: Hello Kitty and My Melody) on December 11.
On April 27, 2016, Asagi released a major debut solo single titled "Seventh Sense/屍の王者/アンプサイ". It features many well-known artists, including Hiro and Shuse of La'cryma Christi, Sakura of Zigzo, Hitoki of Kuroyume, Keiichi Miyako of Sophia, Ken Morioka of Soft Ballet, Sakito of Nightmare, Shinya of Dir En Grey, Shinya of Luna Sea, K-A-Z of Sads and many more. On October 26, D released their first album after their return from hiatus. They released their eighth album called Wonderland Savior.
Members
, born on August 29, 1974, in Noshiro, Akita, is the vocalist, lyricist, and one of the main songwriters of D. Previously in the bands Balsamic (1994–1997), Je*Reviens (1998–2001), and Syndrome (2001–2002), he was also in a side project called Kochou with Tinc's drummer Takuma, formerly known as Shion in Syndrome. He founded the company record label God Child Records in 2006, under which D released most of their independent era works. He released a solo single that year entitled "Corvinus", and also developed a perfume of the same name, under the God Child subsidiary Rosen Kranz.
, D's guitarist and other main songwriter, was born on February 18, 1979, in Itami, Hyougo. He was previously in the bands Distray (1996–1999), Laybial (1999–2000), and Syndrome. Ruiza has also released three solo EPs: Ao no Hahen in 2002,amenity gain in 2006 and abyss in 2012 (the latter two stylized without capitals).
, born in Kanagawa on November 19, 1977, is the second guitarist of D. He was previously in the bands Lapis (1995–1997), Clair de Lune (1997–2000), As'Real (2000–2002), and S to M (2002–2003).
, D's current bass player, was born on March 5, 1984, in Yokohama, Kanagawa. His previous bands include Relude (2001–2003), Givuss (2003–2004), and Scissor (2004–2005).
was born on July 20, 1975, in Gunma, and is the drummer of D. He was previously in the bands Overtaker (1998–2000), Michiru Project (2001–2001), Aioria (2001–2002), and S to M (2002–2003).
Timeline
Influence
Asagi said that X Japan, Luna Sea, Malice Mizer, L'Arc~en~Ciel, and Buck-Tick are the Japanese bands that influenced them the most. Asagi's favorite singers are women, naming Enya, Björk, and Amy Lee of Evanescence. Hiroki's favorites bands are Skid Row and Dream Theater, while Ruiza picked X Japan and Dream Theater, and Hide-Zou chose Luna Sea. Tsunehito's favorite Japanese bands are Kuroyume and Buck-Tick. Ruiza and Hide-Zou stated that they were influenced by Kouichi from Laputa.
Discography
Singles
"Alice" (November 27, 2003)
"Yume Narishi Kuuchuu Teien" (夢なりし空中庭園) (May 12, 2004)
"Mayutsuki no Hitsugi" (繭月の棺) (November 4, 2004)
"Mahiru no Koe ~Synchronicity~" (真昼の声 ~Synchronicity~) (January 12, 2005)
"Shiroi Yoru" (白い夜) (February 17, 2005)
"Yami Yori Kurai Doukoku no Acapella to Bara Yori Akai Jounetsu no Aria" (闇より暗い慟哭のアカペラと薔薇より赤い情熱のアリア) (June 22, 2005) Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 81
"Taiyou wo Okuru hi" (太陽を葬（おく）る日) (August 3, 2006)
"Dearest You" (April 25, 2007), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 43
"Ouka Saki Some ni Keri" (桜花咲きそめにけり) (July 18, 2007)
"Schwarzschild" (August 15, 2007)
"Birth" (May 7, 2008), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 8
"Yami no Kuni no Alice/Hamon" (闇の国のアリス/波紋) (September 3, 2008), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 9
"Snow White" (January 21, 2009), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 6
"Tightrope" (September 23, 2009), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 9
"Day by Day" (December 2, 2009), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 16
"Kaze ga Mekuru Page" (風がめくる頁) (March 10, 2010), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 22
"Akaki Hitsuji ni Yoru Bansankai" (赤き羊による晩餐会) (July 28, 2010), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 24
"In the name of justice" (November 17, 2010), Oricon Weekly Singles Top Position: 22
"Torikago Goten ~L'Oiseau Bleu~" (鳥籠御殿 ~L’Oiseau bleu~) (July 28, 2011)
"Huang Di ~Yami ni Umareta Mukui~" (皇帝 ~闇に生まれた報い~) (November 21, 2011)
"Nyanto-shippo "De"!?" (February 13, 2012)
"Ultimate lover" (February 13, 2012)
"Dying Message" (May 30, 2012)
"Danzai no Gunner" (断罪の銃士) (July 18, 2012)
"Bon Voyage!" (April 12, 2013)
"Rosenstrauss" (August 28, 2013)
"Dark wings" (December 11, 2013)
"Taiyou o Se ni Shite" (太陽を背にして) (December 15, 2013)
"Tsuki no Sakazuki" (月の杯) (July 23, 2014)
"Dandelion" (December 13, 2014)
"Happy Unbirthday" (September 16, 2015)
"Master Key" (December 9, 2015)
"Himitsu kessha K club" (秘密結社 K倶楽部) (July 16, 2016)
Mini albums
Studio albums
The Name of the Rose (September 28, 2005) Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 85
The Name of the Rose – Remastered Edition (February 8, 2006), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 83
Tafel Anatomie (October 18, 2006), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 36
Neo Culture: Beyond the World (November 7, 2007), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 31
Genetic World (February 25, 2009), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 11
7th Rose (March 24, 2010), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 37
Vampire Saga (January 12, 2011), Oricon Weekly Albums Top Position: 29
Kingdom (November 12, 2014)
Wonderland Savior (October 26, 2016)
Live albums
Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge Final (March 18, 2009)
Compilation albums
Treasure Box (April 7, 2013)
Bloody Rose "Best Collection 2007-2011" (August 21, 2013)
D Vampire Chronicle: V-Best Selection (March 26, 2014)
DVDs
Tafel Anatomie: Tour 2006 Final (March 14, 2007)
Last Indies Tour 2008 Final: Follow Me (July 30, 2008)
Tour 2008: Alice in Dark Edge Final (March 18, 2009)
D 1st Video Clips (March 31, 2010)
In the Name of Justice Tour Final 2010 (April 27, 2011)
D Tour 2011 Vampire Saga ~Path of the Rose~ (October 20, 2011)
Dying message: 2012 Overseas Odyssey Tour Documentary & Off-Shot (October 18, 2012)
D 10th Anniversary Special Premium Live 2013 "Bon Voyage!" (October 30, 2013)
D Tour 2013 Rosenstrauss Documentary DVD (October 7, 2014)
47 Todoufuken Tour Final At Maihama Amphitheater (March 18, 2015)
Ultimate lover Dai Nijyu-ichi ya (Ultimate lover 第二十一夜) (April 29, 2015)
D Tour 2015 Master Key Tour Document & 3songs Live (April 6, 2016)
Happy Unbirthday 2015.8.29 Akasaka BLITZ (April 6, 2016)
References
External links
Mad Tea Party official website
CJ Victor Entertainment artists
Gan-Shin artists
Visual kei musical groups
Japanese hard rock musical groups
Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups from Kanagawa Prefecture
Japanese progressive metal musical groups
Japanese symphonic metal musical groups
Japanese gothic metal musical groups
|
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] |
68415170
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien%20Zamet
|
Sébastien Zamet
|
Sébastien Zamet may refer to:
Sébastien Zamet (born 1549), French banker
Sébastien Zamet (born 1588), French bishop
|
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] |
51432405
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanango%20Butter%20Factory%20Building
|
Nanango Butter Factory Building
|
Nanango Butter Factory Building is a heritage-listed factory at George Street, Nanango, South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1927. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 June 2005.
History
The Nanango Butter Factory, bounded by George Street and Sandy Creek, Nanango, is closely linked to the development of the Nanango district, as well as the rise and fall of the dairy industry in Queensland. The original factory, made of timber, was built in 1905. The current factory, of concrete and brick construction, was erected in 1927, extended to the north in 1953, and retains a number of its outbuildings and structures. These include loading bays, concrete tanks, sheds, and an office building.
The South Burnett district was first settled by Europeans in the early 1840s, as pastoralists worked their way north from the Darling Downs. By 1842 the sheep station Taromeo had been established by Simon Scott. Two other sheep stations were established shortly thereafter: Nanango, by William Elliot Oliver, and Tarong, by John Borthwick. Taromeo, Nanango and Tarong had all switched to beef cattle by the 1880s. Oliver's Head Station was at a creek two miles west of the site of the town of Nanango. The latter grew around an inn established by Jacob Goode in 1848, after he was allowed to camp near a waterhole on Nanango Station. The tracks from the Darling Downs and Brisbane converged at Goode's Inn on their way to Gayndah.
Nanango is one of Queensland's oldest towns. A post office was established at Goode's Inn in 1850, and in 1857 Nanango was gazetted for Courts of Petty Session, with a Courthouse being built in 1859. In 1861 the town of Nanango was surveyed, and the first sale of town blocks occurred in 1862, between today's Henry, Appin, George and Alfred Streets. James Nash found gold seven miles southeast of Inn in 1866, and the "Seven Mile Diggings" helped to increase the population of the area. Closer settlement began after an 1875 petition, and in 1876 regulations were for drawn up for monthly land courts, the first of which occurred in Nanango in 1877. In 1879 the Barambah Divisional Board was formed, and its office was built in Nanango in 1883. The 1884 Agricultural Lands Purchase Act aided in the resumption of part of Nanango Station for selection by farmers, who produced wheat and butter for the local market. Timber getting was also an industry in the area.
Initially, local farmers kept a few cows for domestic purposes, and town dwellers paid a fee to have a house cow that could be grazed on the town common. The first commercial dairy farm was started near Nanango in 1865, but this was a small operation that had to cart its cream overland to Gympie. By the 1890s events were occurring that would lead to the rapid growth of commercial dairy farming around Nanango, such as the advent of mechanical cream separators in Australia in the 1880s; the Babcock butterfat test; government grading of butter; and the advent of refrigerated shipping from Brisbane in 1884. In the late 1880s and early 1890s the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Stock used a Travelling Dairy to demonstrate techniques and equipment to potential dairy farmers. The 1893 Meat and Dairy Produce Act, which established subsidies for dairy farmers, and the 1894 Agricultural Lands Purchase Act also aided commercial dairying. Between 1894 and 1919 a large amount of land was repurchased by the Queensland Government from pastoralists, was and offered as agricultural selections. Closer settlement legislation between 1906 and 1917 also played its part in creating small agricultural service towns, as did the spread of Queensland's railway network. In 1890 there were of rail-line in Queensland. By 1910 there was and by 1920, . Between 1910 and 1920, most of the lines built were branch lines for agriculture.
The Co-operative movement, where producers held shares in the enterprises that processed and sold their product, had been developed in Switzerland during the 1880s, and was transferred from Victoria to Queensland by dairy immigrants during the 1890s and the first decade of the twentieth century. In 1900 the South Burnett carried of crops, 7000 sheep, and 84,000 cattle. Dairying became a mainstay of the Nanango district between 1900 and 1914, the period of the industry's most rapid development.
In 1903, the year that the Shire of Nanango was formed, the railway line reached Wondai. In December of that year a thrice-weekly cream van run from Kunioon to the railhead was organised by Mr William Selby. Four farmers from Booie had begun carting their cream to Wondai earlier that year. From Wondai, the cream travelled by train to Gympie. In 1904 meetings were called at Nanango to consider a Co-operative butter factory, and in July 1904 the Nanango Co-operative Dairy Company was formed. The company was floated in February 1905, and in October a tender to build the factory was allocated to Waugh and Josephson. A single story timber factory was built in late 1905 for (a second story was later added in September 1907). Machinery and plant cost a further . The first Annual General Meeting of the Co-operative was held in February 1906, and 1565 shares were allotted to 152 shareholders, 115 of those being fully paid up.
Butter manufacture commenced in April 1906, and by November the factory was also supplying ice. By 1906 the railway was moving closer to Nanango, and the first consignment of three tonnes of butter was dispatched from the Kingaroy railhead (1904). Nanango butter soon developed a reputation for excellence; in June 1906 the factory's product won first prize at the Maryborough show. Catalysts for dairying occurring around this time included the 1904 and 1905 Dairy Produce Acts; a cream testing certificate for officers in butter factories, introduced in 1906; and the 1906 Closer settlement Act. By 1910 there were 100 suppliers for the Nanango factory, which produced of butter. In 1911 the railway reached Nanango from the north, and in 1913 it reached Yarraman from the south.
On 25 October 1918, a fire started by lightning destroyed the factory, which was re-opened on 15 December 1919. By 1920, there were 5,000 sheep in the South Burnett compared to 230,000 beef and dairy cattle, with 10,000 pigs and of crops. The Cactoblastis cactorum insect was introduced in 1923, and its defeat of the prickly pear enabled the Queensland dairy industry to rebuild and expand during the late 1920s, leading to the 1930s dairy boom. Also during the 1920s Butter and Cheese Boards were formed to equalise market prices, and the Nanango Co-operative Dairy Company became the Nanango Co-operative Dairy Association in 1924. By 1925 there were 320 suppliers to the factory.
On 13 October 1926 the factory burned once more, shortly after an equipment upgrade, and it was re-built in concrete at a cost of about . The Minister for Works, Michael J. Kirwan, officially opened the factory on 21 October 1927. In October 1929 a Mr W.G. Counsel of the Electric Supply Works, Warwick, recommended that the butter factory supply electricity to the town, using its engine to power a generator. Electricity was supplied from the factory to the Nanango Shire Council between March 1933 and March 1948.
By the 1930s, dairying was the most widely spread agricultural industry in Queensland, and it was the state's second most profitable export industry from 1936 to 1941. In 1938 there were five co-operative butter factories in the South Burnett: Nanango (since 1906), Kingaroy Butter Factory (1907), South Burnett Co-operative Dairy Association Factory (Murgon, 1911), Wondai (1931), and Proston (1935). In 1940 the factory at Nanango peaked at 483 suppliers. A cheese factory was established during World War II to feed the troops, but it only operated between January 1942 and November 1943. The building still stands to the north of the butter factory. In the 1947-48 financial year of butter was produced at the Nanango factory, and in 1948 the Nanango Dairy Co-operative Trading Society as created as a subsidiary of the Nanango Co-operative Dairy Association.
By 1950 the South Burnett was carrying 650 sheep, 130,000 dairy cows (ten percent of the Queensland total), 110,000 beef cattle, 70,000 pigs, and of crops. However, as demand and prices for butter dropped in the 1950s, the decline of dairying accelerated. In 1953 the Nanango butter factory started producing butter milk powder, and a brick annex was added to the northern end of the factory to house the roller-drying plant. Butter consumption per capita in Australia dropped from to between 1957 and 1972, and Britain joining the European Economic Community provided another blow to prices. Irregular seasonal conditions and a lack of profits led many dairy farmers to drop out of the industry, and by 1975 the factory had 66 suppliers left. 1977 witnessed the end of the butter and cheese price equalisation scheme, and in May of that year butter production ended at Nanango. The factory continued to act as a depot for bulk milk tanker collections, which had begun in 1972. When the Nanango Dairy Co-operative Association closed the factory in 1986 only 37 milk suppliers remained.
The railway line that used to run alongside the western side of the factory has disappeared, as has a large water cooler that stood to the northeast of the factory. A 1929 Ruston Hornsby Model 9XHC 132 horsepower diesel engine, with a seven-foot flywheel, and a 1935 Ruston Hornsby Model VER 220 horsepower diesel of , remained on site until June 2004. These engines would have been used to run the factory's machinery, as well as to generate electricity for Nanango. A gas fitting business currently occupies the northern extension of the main factory building, and a plumber uses the southern end. To the south of the factory the old office building, of late 1920s construction, is now a residence/home business.
Description
The main factory building is two stories high, rectangular, and runs parallel to George Street, on a north–south axis. It is constructed of concrete, with a brick extension to the north, and has fibrous cement sheeting and battens on the upper levels to the north and south. It has a gabled roof of galvanised iron with skylights, and a clerestory runs along the apex of the southern part of the roof. The western side of the building facing George Street has been stuccoed. There are four doors, a high-set roller door, and two hatches on the western side of the factory, five roller doors on the south side, and a roller door on the north side. There is a high-set loading bay with roller door on the southern end of the east side, and a concrete loading dock juts out between this and the engine room to the north. Windows are generally steel-framed with wire-covered panes, or consist of panelled glass louvres.
Internally the factory is divided into two main sections with concrete floors, and the smaller northern end currently contains an office facing George Street, with a larger open section behind. The southern end has a small office on a raised section facing George Street, and a large open area behind this, with a coldroom and storeroom on the George Street side, north of the office. A door on the east side of the southern section leads from the main space through to the engine room.
On the east side of the factory is an attached single-story engine room, with gabled roof of galvanised iron, constructed of rendered brick, with metal strapping set into the render. Steel loops are welded to the strapping at intervals. The engine room has a smaller northern section, with a roller door exiting the north side, and a double steel door exits the southern section to the east. The engine room has a concrete floor, and contains the concrete mounting pads of removed equipment, and one small engine. A hole has recently been cut into the floor of the engine room, near the largest concrete mounting.
South of the factory, across a large concrete pad, is the old office building of the Nanango Dairy Co-operative Association. It faces George Street, and is constructed of brick with a concrete and stucco frontage. To the east of the concrete pad are two open sheds of steel and timber construction, and an enclosed timber shed. To the east of the factory and engine room are a number of other structures. Running south to north these include: a small overgrown shed, related to the factory's cooling system; a rectangular semi-underground covered concrete tank; a brick toilet block; two underground concrete tanks next to the engine room; a small open-topped semi-underground concrete water tank; and an open two-storied twin-gabled loading bay, constructed of steel and timber and clad in galvanised iron. It has raised vents at each apex, clad in curved galvanised iron sheeting.
Heritage listing
Nanango Butter Factory Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 June 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
The 1927 Nanango butter factory, built on a site that was used for butter production from 1906 to 1977, is evidence of the growth and decline of the dairy industry within the Nanango Shire, and within Queensland.
The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.
The decline in the Queensland dairy industry in the 1960s and 1970s, and the resulting closure of small town butter factories, means that ex-butter factories that are relatively intact are now becoming uncommon.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
The layout of the factory, with its large internal space, loading bays, cold room, engine room, exterior water tanks, office building and other secondary structures demonstrates the principle characteristics of an early twentieth century butter factory.
References
Attribution
External links
Queensland Heritage Register
South Burnett Region
Heritage-listed industrial buildings in Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
1927 establishments in Australia
Industrial buildings completed in 1927
Dairy buildings in Australia
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Clube%20Atl%C3%A9tico%20Mineiro%20records%20and%20statistics
|
List of Clube Atlético Mineiro records and statistics
|
Clube Atlético Mineiro, commonly known as Atlético Mineiro or Atlético, is a Brazilian professional football club founded on March 25, 1908 and based in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. The club played its first match in 1908, and its first trophy was the Taça Bueno Brandão, won in 1914. Atlético played its first competitive match on 15 July 1915, when they entered and won the inaugural edition of the Campeonato Mineiro, the state league of Minas Gerais, which it has won a record 48 times. At national level, the club has won the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A twice and has finished second on five occasions. Atlético has also won two Copa do Brasil, one Supercopa do Brasil, one Copa dos Campeões Estaduais and the Copa dos Campeões Brasileiros. In international club football, Atlético has won the Copa Libertadores once, the Recopa Sudamericana once and the Copa CONMEBOL twice, more than any other club. The team has also reached three other continental finals.
João Leite holds Atlético's official appearance record, with 684 matches for the club. Reinaldo is Galo's all-time leading goalscorer with 255 goals since joining the club's first squad in 1973. In the 1977 season, Reinaldo scored 28 goals in 18 appearances, setting the club record for the most Brasileirão goals in a single season, which is the best average goal-per-game record in the Série A. Dadá Maravilha is second in total goals with 211, the only other player to score more than 200 goals for the team. Argentine striker Lucas Pratto is Atlético's all-time foreign goalscorer with 42 goals. Telê Santana is the club's longest-serving head coach, having taken charge of the team for 434 matches during three periods in the 1970s and 1980s. Nelson Campos is Atlético's longest serving president, with nine years in three terms.
This list encompasses the major honours won by Atlético Mineiro, also including noted campaigns in addition to records set by the club, its managers and players. The player records section lists the club's leading goalscorers and the players who have made most appearances. It also records individual awards won by Atlético Mineiro players on national and international stage. Club records include first and extreme results, attendance records at the Mineirão and Independência stadiums, as well as the highest transfer fees paid and received by the club.
Honours
Atlético Mineiro's first trophy was the Taça Bueno Brandão, won in 1914. The club was the first winner of the Campeonato Mineiro, the state league of Minas Gerais, a competition it has won a record 48 times; it has also won the Taça Minas Gerais, a state cup, on five occasions. At national level, Atlético has won the Campeonato Brasileiro once, while finishing second on five seasons; it has also won the Copa dos Campeões Estaduais, the Copa dos Campeões Brasileiros and the Copa do Brasil once each, also finishing as runner-up once in the latter. In international competitions, Atlético has won the Copa Libertadores and the Recopa Sudamericana once each, and a record two Copa CONMEBOL trophies; the club has also finished as runner-up of the Copa CONMEBOL, the Copa de Oro and the Copa Master de CONMEBOL. The club has competed in the FIFA Club World Cup once, finishing in third place. The club's most recent title is the 2021 Campeonato Mineiro.
International
Continental competitions
Copa Libertadores
Winner (1): 2013
Copa CONMEBOL
Winner (2): 1992, 1997 (record)
Runner-up (1): 1995
Recopa Sudamericana
Winner (1): 2014
Copa de Oro
Runner-up (1): 1993
Copa Master de CONMEBOL
Runner-up (1): 1996
Worldwide competitions
FIFA Club World Cup
Third place (1): 2013
Domestic
National competitions
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
Winner (3):1937, 1971, 2021
Runner-up (5): 1977, 1980, 1999, 2012, 2015
Copa do Brasil
Winner (2): 2014, 2021
Runner-up (1): 2016
Supercopa do Brasil
Winner (1): 2022
Copa dos Campeões Estaduais
Winner (1): 1937 (record)
Copa dos Campeões Brasileiros
Winner (1): 1978 (record)
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B
Winner (1): 2006
State competitions
Campeonato Mineiro
Winner (48): 1915, 1926, 1927, 1931, 1932, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1962, 1963, 1970, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 (Record)
Runner-up (38): 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1928, 1929, 1934, 1935, 1940, 1943, 1944, 1948, 1951, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019
Taça Minas Gerais
Winner (5): 1975, 1976, 1979, 1986, 1987 (Record)
Runner-up (4): 1973, 1982, 1983, 1985
Taça Belo Horizonte
Winner (3): 1970, 1971, 1972 (Record)
Torneio Início
Winner (8): 1928, 1931, 1932, 1939, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1954
Runner-up (12): 1922, 1929, 1935, 1936, 1940, 1941, 1946, 1948, 1953, 1956, 1963, 1964
Champions Cup (FMF)
Winner (1): 1974.
Runner-up (1): 1999
Torneio Incentivo Mineiro
Winner (1): 1993
Taça Bueno Brandão
Winner (1): 1914
Copa Belo Horizonte
Winner (1): 1959 (record)
Runner-up (2): 1960, 1961
Friendly competitions
International
Winter Tournament (Germany)
Winner (1): 1950
Torneo de León
Winner (1): 1972
Trofeo Conde de Fenosa
Winner (1): 1976
Trofeo Cidade de Vigo
Winner (1): 1977
Trofeo Costa del Sol
Winner (1): 1980
Tournoi de Paris
Winner (1): 1982
Trofeo Villa de Bilbao
Winner (1): 1982
Bern Tournament
Winner (1): 1983
Amsterdam Tournament
Winner (1): 1984
Runner-up (1): 1985
Ramón de Carranza Trophy
Winner (1): 1990
Third place (1): 1991
Copa Centenário de Belo Horizonte
Winner (1): 1997
Millennium Cup
Winner (1): 1999
Three Continents Cup (Vietnam)
Winner (1): 1999
Florida Cup
Winner (1): 2016
National
Torneio da Inconfidência
Winner (1): 1970
Torneio Cidade de São José dos Campos
Winner (1): 1970
Individual records
Appearances
Appearances in competitive matches
Most total appearances: 684 João Leite (1976–1988, 1991–1992)
Most national league appearances: 245, Victor (2012–2021)
Most appearances in international competitions: 53, Victor
Players with most appearances
All matches.
Managers with most appearances
Title-winning head coaches with most matches in charge of the club.
Goalscorers
Most total goals: 255, Reinaldo (1973–1985);
Most league goals in a season:
National league: 28, Reinaldo (1977) and Guilherme (1999);
State league: 29, Dario (1969);
Most league top scorer awards: 2, Dario (1971, 1972);
Most goals in a single match:
National league: 5, Reinaldo (against Fast Clube 6–2, 1977 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A first stage, 9 November 1977);
State league: 9, Jairo (against Palmeiras, 1929 Campeonato Mineiro, 11 August 1929);
Most goals in international competitions: 12, Hulk
Top goalscorers
All matches.
International caps
This section refers only to caps won while playing for Atlético Mineiro.
First capped player: Carlyle, for Brazil against Uruguay on 4 April 1948
Most caps as an Atlético Mineiro player: Toninho Cerezo, with 52 caps for Brazil
First player to be called-up to the FIFA World Cup finals: Dario, for Brazil (1970 FIFA World Cup, no games played)
First player to play in the FIFA World Cup finals: Ladislao Mazurkiewicz, for Uruguay (1974 FIFA World Cup, Uruguay 0–2 Netherlands, 15 June 1974)
First player to score in the FIFA World Cup finals: Reinaldo, for Brazil (1978 FIFA World Cup, Brazil 1–1 Sweden, 3 June 1978)
Player with most appearances in the FIFA World Cup finals: Toninho Cerezo, with 10 caps for Brazil.
Individual recognitions
Awards won by footballers while playing for Atlético Mineiro.
FIFA World Cup All-Star Team
Luizinho (1): 1982
South American Footballer of the Year
Ronaldinho (1): 2013.
South American Team of the Year
Ronaldinho (2): 2012, 2013;
Jô (1): 2013;
Bernard (1): 2013;
Réver (1): 2013;
Marcos Rocha (1): 2013.
Júnior Alonso (1): 2021;
Guilherme Arana (1): 2021;
Hulk (1): 2021.
Copa Libertadores Top Goalscorer
Jô (1): 2013, 7 goals.
Bola de Ouro
Toninho Cerezo (2): 1977, 1980;
Ronaldinho (1): 2012.
Hulk (1): 2021.
Bola de Prata
Vaguinho (1): 1970;
Humberto Monteiro (2): 1970, 1971;
Wanderley Paiva (1): 1971;
Paulo Isidoro (1): 1976;
Toninho Cerezo (3): 1977, 1980, 1976;
Reinaldo (2): 1977, 1983;
Osmar Guarnelli: 1979;
Luizinho: 1980, 1987;
Nelinho (1): 1983;
Éder (1): 1983;
Sérgio Araújo (1): 1986;
Renato (1): 1987;
Paulo Sérgio (1): 1989;
Renaldo (1): 1996;
Doriva (1): 1997;
Dedê (1): 1997;
Bruno (1): 1999;
Juliano Belletti (1): 1999;
Caçapa (1): 1999;
Guilherme (1): 1999;
Marques (2): 1999, 2001;
Mancini (1): 2002;
Diego Tardelli (3): 2009, 2013, 2014;
Réver (1): 2012;
Leonardo Silva (1): 2012;
Ronaldinho (1): 2012;
Marcos Rocha (2): 2012, 2014;
Douglas Santos (1): 2015;
Rafael Carioca (1): 2015;
Lucas Pratto (1): 2015;
Fábio Santos (1): 2016;
Robinho (1): 2016;
Fred (1): 2016;
Guilherme Arana (2): 2020, 2021;
Junior Alonso (2): 2020, 2021;
Everson (1): 2021;
Mariano (1): 2021;
Jair (1): 2021;
Nacho Fernández (1): 2021;
Hulk (1): 2021.
Série A Best Newcomer (Bola de Prata)
Matías Zaracho: 2021.
Série A Best Coach (Bola de Prata)
Cuca (1): 2021.
Série A Goal of the Year (Bola de Prata)
Rómulo Otero (1): 2017.
Série A Player of the Year (Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão)
Hulk (1): 2021.
Série A Team of the Year (Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão)
Diego Tardelli (2): 2009, 2014;
Réver (2): 2011, 2012;
Marcos Rocha (4): 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015;
Ronaldinho (1): 2012;
Leonardo Silva (1): 2012;
Jemerson (1): 2015;
Douglas Santos (1): 2015;
Rafael Carioca (1): 2015;
Robinho (1): 2016;
Guilherme Arana (2): 2020, 2021;
Junior Alonso (1): 2021;
Jair (1): 2021;
Nacho Fernández (1): 2021;
Hulk (1): 2021.
Série A Best Newcomer (Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão)
Bernard: 2012.
Série A Best Foreign Player (Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão)
Lucas Pratto (1): 2015.
Série A Best Coach (Prêmio Craque do Brasileirão)
Cuca (1): 2021.
Série A Top Goalscorers
Dario (2): 1971 and 1972, 17 goals;
Reinaldo (1): 1977, 28 goals;
Renaldo (1): 1996, 16 goals;
Guilherme (1): 1999, 28 goals;
Diego Tardelli (1): 2009, 19 goals;
Fred (1): 2016, 14 goals.
Hulk (1): 2021, 19 goals.
Copa do Brasil Best Player
Hulk (1): 2021.
Copa do Brasil Top Goalscorers
Gérson (2): 1989 and 1991, 7 and 6 goals;
Hulk (1): 2021, 8 goals.
Club records
Matches
Firsts
First match: Atlético Mineiro 3–0 Sport Clube Football (friendly, 21 March 1909);
First match against a foreign team: Atlético Mineiro 3–1 Vitória de Setúbal (friendly, 1 September 1929);
First match in the Campeonato Mineiro: Atlético Mineiro 5–0 Yale (1915 Campeonato Mineiro, 11 July 1915);
First match in the Taça Brasil: Rio Branco 2–2 Atlético Mineiro (1959 Taça Brasil Southern Zone second round, first leg, 13 September 1959);
First match in the Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa: Cruzeiro 4–0 Atlético Mineiro (1967 Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa first stage, 5 March 1967);
First match in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: Atlético Mineiro 1–1 América Mineiro (1971 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A first stage, 7 August 1971);
First match in the Copa do Brasil: América (RN) 0–3 Atlético Mineiro (1989 Copa do Brasil first stage, 19 July 1989);
First match in international club competitions: Atlético Mineiro 2–2 São Paulo (1972 Copa Libertadores group stage, 30 January 1972).
Wins
Biggest win: 13–0, against Calafate, (1929 Campeonato Mineiro, 11 August 1929);
Biggest win in the Campeonato Mineiro: 13–0, against Calafate, (1929 Campeonato Mineiro, 11 August 1929);
Biggest win in the Taça Brasil: 5–1, against Goytacaz, (1967 Taça Brasil Central Zone semi-finals, second leg, 11 August 1929);
Biggest win in the Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa: 5–2, against São Paulo (1969 Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa first stage, 21 September 1969);
Biggest win in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 7–1, against Ferroviária (1982 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A first group stage, 14 February 1982);
Biggest win in the Copa do Brasil: 11–0, against Caiçara (1991 Copa do Brasil first stage, second leg, 28 February 1991);
Biggest win in international club competitions: 6–0, against Mineros (1995 Copa CONMEBOL quarter-finals, first leg, 14 November 1995) and Cobreloa (2000 Copa Libertadores group stage, 5 April 2000).
Defeats
Biggest defeat: 2–11, against Corinthians (friendly, 12 October 1929);
Biggest defeat in the Campeonato Mineiro: 0–5, against Cruzeiro (2008 Campeonato Mineiro finals, first leg, 27 April 2008 and 2009 Campeonato Mineiro finals, first leg, 26 April 2009);
Biggest defeat in the Taça Brasil: 1–5, against Santos (1964 Taça Brasil quarter-finals, second leg, 25 October 1964);
Biggest defeat in the Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa: 0–4, against Cruzeiro (1967 Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa first stage, 5 March 1967);
Biggest defeat in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 0–6, against Sport (2000 Copa João Havelange first stage, 19 November 2000);
Biggest defeat in the Copa do Brasil: 0–5, against Palmeiras (1996 Copa do Brasil round of 16, second leg, 16 April 1996);
Biggest defeat in international club competitions: 0–4, against Rosario Central (1995 Copa CONMEBOL finals, second leg, 19 December 1995);
Most consecutive home matches without defeats: 54 (3 September 2011 to 31 July 2013).
Attendances
Split-crowd derbies are excluded.
Highest attendance at the Mineirão (all matches): 115,142 (against Flamengo, friendly, 13 February 1980);
Highest attendance at the Mineirão (competitive matches): 113,749 (against Santos, Série A, 15 May 1983);
Highest attendance at the Independência (after renovation): 22,342 (against Cruzeiro, Campeonato Mineiro, 6 April 2014).
Transfers
Highest transfer fee paid: André, from Dynamo Kyiv, €8 million in 2012;
Highest transfer fee received: Bernard, to Shakhtar Donetsk, €25 million in 2013.
Season-by-season performance
International competition statistics
By competition
Key
E = Entries
P = Matches played
W = Matches won
D = Matches drawn
L = Matches lost
GF = Goals for
GA = Goals against
GD = Goal difference
W% = Winning percentage
F = Finals
FW = Finals won
FL = Finals lost
References
Records and statistics
Atletico Mineiro
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12747523
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald%20Riipalu
|
Harald Riipalu
|
Harald Riipalu (born as Harald Reibach) (13 February 1912 – 4 April 1961) was an Estonian commander in the German Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.
Career
After the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1940, Riipalu was forcibly mobilized into the Soviet Army 22nd Territorial Corps, serving until 1941, at which time he defected to the German side.
From 1942 to 1943 Riipalu was a platoon leader and company commander of the 36th Estonian Police Battalion, and became commander of the battalion in November 1942.
From 1943 to 1945, he served in the 3rd SS-Brigade and the 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS. He was the Commander of the 45th SS-Grenadier Regiment from April 1944. On 23 August 1944 he was decorated with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his actions in the Battle of Tannenberg Line and in the Battle of Auvere where Riipalu and his regiment drove back the assault of the Soviet Army, which prevented the encirclement of Army Detachment Narwa. The award was presented to him by Felix Steiner, the commander of III SS Panzer Corps.
After the end of the war, Riipalu evaded Soviet captivity by fleeing to Denmark. He died in Great Britain in 1961.
Awards
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 23 August 1944 as Waffen-Obersturmbannführer and commander of Waffen-Grenadier-Regiment der SS 45 (estnische Nr. 1).
References
Citations
Bibliography
1912 births
1961 deaths
Hugo Treffner Gymnasium alumni
SS-Obersturmbannführer
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Estonian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Estonian Auxiliary Police
Estonian Waffen-SS personnel
People from Volosovsky District
|
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24077378
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20Weinberger%20United%20States%20Courthouse
|
Jacob Weinberger United States Courthouse
|
The Jacob Weinberger U.S. Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located in San Diego, California. It is a courthouse for the United States bankruptcy court for the Southern District of California.
Building history
Fueled by plans to build the Panama Canal, the turn of the 20th century brought aspirations of prosperity and status to San Diego. Civic leaders who lobbied for the construction of the canal hoped that the promise of increased commerce would establish San Diego as an international trade center rivaling San Francisco. A new federal building was commissioned to showcase San Diego's newfound standing and to provide governmental offices in anticipation of a burgeoning population and urban growth. To attract attention to the city, civic leaders began planning the 1915 Panama-California Exposition to celebrate the successful completion of the canal. The U.S. Courthouse was completed in 1913 and opened in time for the Exposition.
Originally called the U.S. Post Office and Customs House, the building also housed the U.S. District Court, Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), and the U.S. Weather Bureau. When economic crisis followed the outbreak of World War I, urban development in San Diego decelerated, halting plans to construct additional civic buildings adjacent to the U.S. Courthouse. Instead, the Courthouse's large front lawn was converted to a "victory" vegetable garden to support the war effort.
When prosperity was renewed during the 1950s and 1960s, the Courthouse's caseloads became the heaviest in the nation, requiring a new Federal building complex, which was completed nearby in 1976. Even though the Courthouse was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, it was abandoned for the following decade. Attention refocused on the building in 1985, when much of the interior was gutted for conversion to INS offices. That same year, however, champions of historic preservation campaigned to restore the building. In 1988, the U.S. Courthouse was renamed in honor of Judge Jacob Weinberger. In 1994, an award-winning renovation and restoration project renewed the historic lobby and main courtroom to their original beauty while creating new offices and courtrooms that evoked the elegant style of the 1913 period.
Architecture
The Jacob Weinberger U.S. Courthouse masterfully melds two distinct architectural styles – Classical Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival – in a public building that speaks of San Diego's Hispanic heritage and its American ambitions. James Knox Taylor, Supervising Architect of the U.S. Treasury Department, described his design for the building as, "an adoption of the Spanish Renaissance, a style suitable to the traditions of the country – the history of the state, the climate and the desires of the people – it would follow the Mission style." Taylor's design resulted in an unprecedented amalgamation that quickly achieved regional prominence.
Occupying the northern half of the city block along West F Street, the T-shaped building is constructed of stucco-covered brick masonry walls resting on a limestone base, with steel columns and beams to support reinforced slab floors.
The portico, with its grand Ionic order colonnade, stands as San Diego's only surviving Classical Revival facade. The portico's ten concrete columns rise two stories to Ionic capitals sheathed in terracotta, supporting a terra-cotta tiled entablature. Flattened, abstracted classical ornamentation for the frieze draws from traditional Meso-American or Native American designs, featuring stylized arrow and shield motifs. Arched semicircular fanlights surmount first-story windows, and bracketed iron lanterns flank the central entrance. The second-story fenestration is simpler, with rectangular windows and terra-cotta sills. Above the portico, the third-story windows are each framed with low-relief pilasters with stylized motifs and a terra-cotta-tiled stringcourse. The attic windows are capped by an additional tiled cornice and painted wood panels below a bracketed eave to the low-hipped roof clad with terra-cotta tiles. Framing the portico are two square, five-story Spanish towers that are simply treated at the lower stories, with curved corners and colossal low-relief pilasters. A stringcourse above the third story delineates a fourth-story belfry with a tall arched window at each side, flanked by low-relief pilasters and brackets. A terra-cotta cornice and a stucco parapet continue the classical stylization at the top of the tower walls.
Through the mahogany entrance doors, the grand public lobby features the 1994 renovation's re-creation of the original post office lobby, which was adapted into the lobby of the U.S. Bankruptcy court. In keeping with the original fabric, the renovation architects worked from original shop drawings to restore missing historic elements. The terrazzo floor, including the Verde Antique marble and Lyonaisse Red marble bands and baseboards, and the Kasota Yellow-colored marble used for the wainscoting were artfully restored. Key features include the twin-globe sconces lining the walls, pendant lighting hanging from the coffered ceiling, and mahogany counters with bronze grilles above. Replicas of the original iron-cage elevators located in both towers are enclosed by the original gray marble stairs. Several pieces of 1930s Works Progress Administration art, with San Diego themes, were installed after the 1994 renovation. These include a ceramic sculpture by T.J. Dixon and James Nelson, titled The Immigrants, and two paintings on the third-floor, San Diego Harbor, by an unknown artist and San Diego Mural, by Belle Baranceanu.
The ceremonial second-floor courtroom, where Judge Jacob Weinberger presided, features a 20-foot coffered ceiling with acanthus leaf detailing, pilasters, plastered paneling, oak paneling and marble counters for the judge and clerk benches, and the jury boxes. A new law library was added during the 1994 restoration, using materials and motifs that faithfully recall the original building details. Awards for the skillful restoration project included a prize from the California Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. In 1995-96, the building was named the Historical Office Building of the Year by the Building Owners and Managers Association.
Significant events
1906: Congress appropriates $250,000 for the new Federal building in San Diego.
1911-13: The building is constructed.
1975: The U.S. Courthouse is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
1976: A new Federal Courthouse and Office complex is completed, leaving the courthouse vacant until the mid-1980s.
1985: A campaign to restore the building for use by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court begins shortly after interiors are destroyed for conversion into Immigration and Naturalization Service offices.
1988: The U.S. Courthouse is renamed in honor of Judge Jacob Weinberger.
1994: An award-winning renovation is completed, returning the historic lobby and main courtroom to their original state.
1994-96: GSA is honored with numerous awards for the building's preservation and restoration.
Building facts
Architect: James Knox Taylor
Construction dates: 1911-13; 1994 renovation
Landmark status: Listed in the National Register of Historic Places
Location: 325 West F Street
Architectural style: Spanish Colonial Revival-influenced Classical Revival
Primary materials: Stucco-covered brick masonry with steel beams, terra-cotta ornamentation
Prominent features: Colonnaded portico, square towers
References
Attribution
1913 establishments in California
Buildings and structures in San Diego
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in California
Federal courthouses in the United States
Government buildings completed in 1913
National Register of Historic Places in San Diego
Neoclassical architecture in California
|
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] |
35898494
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Legend%20of%20Huainanzi
|
The Legend of Huainanzi
|
The Legend of Huainanzi (originally titled ) is a TV animation series produced by CCTV Animation Co. LTD, Huainan Media Industry Development Centre and Communication University of China. This 52-episode epic-historical-fantasy series is based on Chinese philosophical classic Huainanzi and is broadcast by CCTV-Children.
Synopsis
During the ancient Western Han dynasty (206BC-9AD), a series of disasters caused by occult phenomena swept across the entire world. Huainanzi, the mysterious Chinese book bound in bamboo, was ripped apart and sent through time to different historical junctures. The book pieces were transformed into various objects, waiting to be rediscovered.
A hundred years later, a young man, named Hong Lie lifts up the burden to collect the missing pieces of the ancient bamboo book. With the help of Ba Gong and his friends, going through the Gate of 24 Solar Terms, Hong Lie travels through dynasties to search for the lost pieces.
In his adventure, Hong Lie and his loyal friends, Ji Ming and Gou Tiao, together experienced the greatness of the ancient legends, appreciating the wisdom of the ancestors from Chun Qiu Period, and witnessed all the weird things happening among ordinary people. Warmth and coldness, sadness and happiness, separation and reunion, stories led him to the great world in the book Huainanzi and through exciting adventures he made lifelong friends. In this special way, Hong Lie communicated with ancestors and started to see the principle of world, realizing that obeying the laws of nature and being in harmony with the environment was the right thing to do. A simple collecting journey slowly became a challenging trip for him to go on with his family mission, and inherit the ancestor's spirit.
Main Character
Hong Lie
A 12-year-old naughty boy, with a direct and straight character, he is a big fan of playing tricks, but inside him is kind and faithful soul. He has a strong sense of justice, when unfair things occur, he would definitely fight against them. As long as he made up his mind on something, no one or nothing could ever stop him. Since he never cares for the consequences, most goodies would be turned into disasters because of him, and often the situation would fall out of control.
Li Qi
A 15-year-old pretty girl, innocent and romantic, she is the real first-chair in the family, doing all the chores and maintaining the daily order. She also needs to take care of Ba Gong and educate her younger brother. She is always gentle and nice to other people, however when it comes to her naughty brother Hong Lie, she would go crazy, and of course, two of them are always fighting.
Ba Gong
He is a weird old man of over an hundred years old, moody and unpredictable, he is always absorbed in his own thoughts. He loves to play small tricks, and doing unexpected things, people are already used to his craziness.
He never seems to worry about Hong Lie or Li Qi at all, he lets them do whatever they want, and treats them like friends. He believes that everyone has their own destiny and as long as one can enjoy his life, that's fine. However, if anything relates to the bamboo book happens, he would take it very serious and suddenly become another man.
Ji Ming
He was once a fighting rooster of the royal court, then went to heaven with Liu An and was known as the Vermilion Bird. However, after that he got banished to the man's world and ever since then he became an ordinary rooster. He can't stand the mocking of fate and swears to go back to heaven. Therefore, he's always so eager about travelling back through time, and for this reason, he is sometimes way too utilitarian and selfish. He's quite clever, and the thing he hates the most is being treated as an ordinary rooster.
Gou Tiao
He loves to sleep, loves to droll, and rarely talks, but when he starts to say something in that fairly slow speed, those simple words always reveals the reality and the truth. Usually he seems to be lazy and casual, nothing could ever surprise him. However, when trapped in dangerous situations, he would become ferocious in a second and get ready to fight. Once the alert canceled, he would go back to that sleepy face again. In addition, his loyalty to Hong Lie cannot be doubted.
References
Chinese children's animated fantasy television series
|
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] |
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