README_ms.md

<!-- ---
task_categories:
- question-answering
language:
- ms
tags:
- knowledge
pretty_name: MalayMMLU
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K

configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: eval
    path: 
    - "MalayMMLU_0shot.json"
    - "MalayMMLU_1shot.json"
    - "MalayMMLU_2shot.json"
    - "MalayMMLU_3shot.json"
    
--- -->
# MalayMMLU

* Dikemas kini pada 18 Ogos 2025
* Dilancarkan pada 27 September 2024

<h4 align="center">
    <p>
        <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/UMxYTLAILabs/MalayMMLU">English</a> |
        <b href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/UMxYTLAILabs/MalayMMLU/blob/main/README_ms.md">Bahasa Melayu</b> 
    <p>
        <p align="center" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: center; align-items: center">
        📄 <a href="https://github.com/UMxYTL-AI-Labs/MalayMMLU/blob/main/MalayMMLU_paper.pdf" target="_blank" style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 10px">Penerbitan</a> • 
        <!-- 🤗 <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/UMxYTLAILabs/MalayMMLU" target="_blank" style="margin-left: 10px ; margin-right: 10px">Set Data</a>  • -->
          <img src="https://github.githubassets.com/assets/GitHub-Mark-ea2971cee799.png" alt="GitHub logo" style="width: 25px; height: 25px;margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 10px"><a href="https://github.com/UMxYTL-AI-Labs/MalayMMLU" target="_blank" style="margin-right: 15px;">Kod</a>  • 
        📜  <a href="https://huggingface.co/datasets/UMxYTLAILabs/MalayMMLU/blob/main/MalayMMLU_Poster.pdf" target="_blank" style="margin-left: 10px">Poster</a>     
        </p>
</h4>


## Pengenalan

MalayMMLU ialah tanda aras kefahaman bahasa pelbagai tugas (Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) dalam Bahasa Inggeris) pertama untuk Bahasa Melayu. Tanda aras ini merangkumi 24,213 soalan yang meliputi peringkat pendidikan rendah (Tahun 1-6) dan menengah (Tingkatan 1-5) di Malaysia, terdiri daripada 5 topik utama yang dibahagikan kepada 22 subjek.

<p align="center">
<img src="imgs/MalayMMLU.png"   width="250" >
</p>

| **Topik**   | **Subjek**                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
|----------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| **STEM**       | Sains Komputer (Menengah), Biologi (Menengah), Kimia (Menengah), Literasi Komputer (Menengah), Matematik (Rendah, Menengah), Matematik Tambahan (Menengah), Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (Rendah, Menengah), Sains Teras (Rendah, Menengah), Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (Rendah), Teknologi Automotif (Menengah) |
| **Bahasa**   | Bahasa Melayu (Rendah, Menengah)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| **Sains Sosial** | Geografi (Menengah), Kajian Tempatan (Rendah), Sejarah (Rendah, Menengah)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               |
| **Lain-lain**     | Kemahiran Hidup (Rendah, Menengah), Prinsip Perakaunan (Menengah), Ekonomi (Menengah), Perniagaan (Menengah), Pertanian (Menengah)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| **Kemanusiaan** | Pendidikan Al Quran dan Al Sunnah (Menengah), Pendidikan Islam (Rendah, Menengah), Pengetahuan Sains Sukan (Menengah)  |             

## Keputusan

#### Keputusan Penilaian Zero-shot untuk MalayMMLU (Ketepatan token pertama)

<table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th rowspan="2">Organisasi</th>
            <th rowspan="2">Model</th>
            <th rowspan="2">Visual</th>
            <th colspan="7">Ketepatan</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <th>Bahasa</th>
            <th>Kemanusiaan</th>
            <th>STEM</th>
            <th>Sains Sosial</th>
            <th>Lain-lain</th>
            <th>Purata</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td>Rawak</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>38.01</td>
            <td>42.09</td>
            <td>36.31</td>
            <td>36.01</td>
            <td>38.07</td>
            <td>38.02</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>YTL</td>
            <td style="font-family: sans-serif;">Ilmu 0.1</td>
            <td></td>
            <td><strong>87.77</strong></td>
            <td><strong>89.26</strong></td>
            <td><strong>86.66</strong></td>
            <td><strong>85.27</strong></td>
            <td><strong>86.40</strong></td>
            <td><strong>86.98</strong></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td rowspan="4">OpenAI</td>
            <td>GPT-4o</td>
            <td style="color: green; text-align: center"><b>&#10003</b></td>
            <td><ins>87.12</ins></td>
            <td><ins>88.12</ins></td>
            <td><ins>83.83</ins></td>
            <td><ins>82.58</ins></td>
            <td><ins>83.09</ins></td>
            <td><ins>84.98</ins></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>GPT-4</td>
            <td style="color: green; text-align: center"><b>&#10003</b></td>
            <td>82.90</td>
            <td>83.91</td>
            <td>78.80</td>
            <td>77.29</td>
            <td>77.33</td>
            <td>80.11</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>GPT-4o mini</td>
            <td style="color: green; text-align: center"><b>&#10003</b></td>
            <td>82.03</td>
            <td>81.50</td>
            <td>78.51</td>
            <td>75.67</td>
            <td>76.30</td>
            <td>78.78</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>GPT-3.5</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>69.62</td>
            <td>71.01</td>
            <td>67.17</td>
            <td>66.70</td>
            <td>63.73</td>
            <td>67.78</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td rowspan="8">Meta</td>
            <td>LLaMA-3.1 (70B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>78.75</td>
            <td>82.59</td>
            <td>78.96</td>
            <td>77.20</td>
            <td>75.32</td>
            <td>78.44</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>LLaMA-3.3 (70B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>78.82</td>
            <td>80.46</td>
            <td>78.71</td>
            <td>75.79</td>
            <td>73.85</td>
            <td>77.38</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>LLaMA-3.1 (8B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>65.47</td>
            <td>67.17</td>
            <td>64.10</td>
            <td>62.59</td>
            <td>62.13</td>
            <td>64.24</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>LLaMA-3 (8B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>63.93</td>
            <td>66.21</td>
            <td>62.26</td>
            <td>62.97</td>
            <td>61.38</td>
            <td>63.46</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>LLaMA-2 (13B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>45.58</td>
            <td>50.72</td>
            <td>44.13</td>
            <td>44.55</td>
            <td>40.87</td>
            <td>45.26</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>LLaMA-2 (7B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>47.47</td>
            <td>52.74</td>
            <td>48.71</td>
            <td>50.72</td>
            <td>48.19</td>
            <td>49.61</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>LLaMA-3.2 (3B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>58.52</td>
            <td>60.66</td>
            <td>56.65</td>
            <td>54.06</td>
            <td>52.75</td>
            <td>56.45</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>LLaMA-3.2 (1B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>38.88</td>
            <td>43.30</td>
            <td>40.65</td>
            <td>40.56</td>
            <td>39.55</td>
            <td>40.46</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td rowspan="8">Qwen (Alibaba)</td>
            <td>Qwen 2.5 (72B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>79.09</td>
            <td>79.95</td>
            <td>80.88</td>
            <td>75.80</td>
            <td>75.05</td>
            <td>77.79</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Qwen-2.5 (32B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>76.96</td>
            <td>76.70</td>
            <td>79.74</td>
            <td>72.35</td>
            <td>70.88</td>
            <td>74.83</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Qwen-2-VL (7B)</td>
            <td style="color: green; text-align: center"><b>&#10003</b></td>
            <td>68.16</td>
            <td>63.62</td>
            <td>67.58</td>
            <td>60.38</td>
            <td>59.08</td>
            <td>63.49</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Qwen-2-VL (2B)</td>
            <td style="color: green; text-align: center"><b>&#10003</b></td>
            <td>58.22</td>
            <td>55.56</td>
            <td>57.51</td>
            <td>53.67</td>
            <td>55.10</td>
            <td>55.83</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Qwen-1.5 (14B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>64.47</td>
            <td>60.64</td>
            <td>61.97</td>
            <td>57.66</td>
            <td>58.05</td>
            <td>60.47</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Qwen-1.5 (7B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>60.13</td>
            <td>59.14</td>
            <td>58.62</td>
            <td>54.26</td>
            <td>54.67</td>
            <td>57.18</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Qwen-1.5 (4B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>48.39</td>
            <td>52.01</td>
            <td>51.37</td>
            <td>50.00</td>
            <td>49.10</td>
            <td>49.93</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Qwen-1.5 (1.8B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>42.70</td>
            <td>43.37</td>
            <td>43.68</td>
            <td>43.12</td>
            <td>44.42</td>
            <td>43.34</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td rowspan="5">Zhipu</td>
            <td>GLM-4-Plus</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>78.04</td>
            <td>75.63</td>
            <td>77.49</td>
            <td>74.07</td>
            <td>72.66</td>
            <td>75.48</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>GLM-4-Air</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>67.88</td>
            <td>69.56</td>
            <td>70.20</td>
            <td>66.06</td>
            <td>66.18</td>
            <td>67.60</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>GLM-4-Flash</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>63.52</td>
            <td>65.69</td>
            <td>66.31</td>
            <td>63.21</td>
            <td>63.59</td>
            <td>64.12</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>GLM-4</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>63.39</td>
            <td>56.72</td>
            <td>54.40</td>
            <td>57.24</td>
            <td>55.00</td>
            <td>58.07</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>GLM-4<sup>††</sup> (9B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>58.51</td>
            <td>60.48</td>
            <td>56.32</td>
            <td>55.04</td>
            <td>53.97</td>
            <td>56.87</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td rowspan="3">Google</td>
            <td>Gemma-2 (9B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>75.83</td>
            <td>72.83</td>
            <td>75.07</td>
            <td>69.72</td>
            <td>70.33</td>
            <td>72.51</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Gemma (7B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>45.53</td>
            <td>50.92</td>
            <td>46.13</td>
            <td>47.33</td>
            <td>46.27</td>
            <td>47.21</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Gemma (2B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>46.50</td>
            <td>51.15</td>
            <td>49.20</td>
            <td>48.06</td>
            <td>48.79</td>
            <td>48.46</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td rowspan="2">SAIL (Sea)</td>
            <td>Sailor<sup>†</sup> (14B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>78.40</td>
            <td>72.88</td>
            <td>69.63</td>
            <td>69.47</td>
            <td>68.67</td>
            <td>72.29</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Sailor<sup>†</sup> (7B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>74.54</td>
            <td>68.62</td>
            <td>62.79</td>
            <td>64.69</td>
            <td>63.61</td>
            <td>67.58</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td rowspan="3">Mesolitica</td>
            <td>MaLLaM-v2.5 Small<sup>‡</sup></td>
            <td></td>
            <td>73.00</td>
            <td>71.00</td>
            <td>70.00</td>
            <td>72.00</td>
            <td>70.00</td>
            <td>71.53</td>
            </tr>
            <td>MaLLaM-v2.5 Tiny<sup>‡</sup></td>
            <td></td>
            <td>67.00</td>
            <td>66.00</td>
            <td>68.00</td>
            <td>69.00</td>
            <td>66.00</td>
            <td>67.32</td>
            </tr>
            <td>MaLLaM-v2<sup>†</sup> (5B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>42.57</td>
            <td>46.44</td>
            <td>42.24</td>
            <td>40.82</td>
            <td>38.74</td>
            <td>42.08</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Cohere for AI</td>
            <td>Command R (32B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>71.68</td>
            <td>71.49</td>
            <td>66.68</td>
            <td>67.19</td>
            <td>63.64</td>
            <td>68.47</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>OpenGVLab</td>
            <td>InternVL2 (40B)</td>
            <td style="color: green; text-align: center"><b>&#10003</b></td>
            <td>70.36</td>
            <td>68.49</td>
            <td>64.88</td>
            <td>65.93</td>
            <td>60.54</td>
            <td>66.51</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Damo (Alibaba)</td>
            <td>SeaLLM-v2.5<sup>†</sup> (7B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>69.75</td>
            <td>67.94</td>
            <td>65.29</td>
            <td>62.66</td>
            <td>63.61</td>
            <td>65.89</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td rowspan="4">Mistral</td>
            <td>Pixtral (12B)</td>
            <td style="color: green; text-align: center"><b>&#10003</b></td>
            <td>64.81</td>
            <td>62.68</td>
            <td>64.72</td>
            <td>63.93</td>
            <td>59.49</td>
            <td>63.25</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Mistral Small (22B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>65.19</td>
            <td>65.03</td>
            <td>63.36</td>
            <td>61.58</td>
            <td>59.99</td>
            <td>63.05</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Mistral-v0.3 (7B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>56.97</td>
            <td>59.29</td>
            <td>57.14</td>
            <td>58.28</td>
            <td>56.56</td>
            <td>57.71</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Mistral-v0.2 (7B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>56.23</td>
            <td>59.86</td>
            <td>57.10</td>
            <td>56.65</td>
            <td>55.22</td>
            <td>56.92</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td rowspan="2">Microsoft</td>
            <td>Phi-3 (14B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>60.07</td>
            <td>58.89</td>
            <td>60.91</td>
            <td>58.73</td>
            <td>55.24</td>
            <td>58.72</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Phi-3 (3.8B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>52.24</td>
            <td>55.52</td>
            <td>54.81</td>
            <td>53.70</td>
            <td>51.74</td>
            <td>53.43</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>01.AI</td>
            <td>Yi-1.5 (9B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>56.20</td>
            <td>53.36</td>
            <td>57.47</td>
            <td>50.53</td>
            <td>49.75</td>
            <td>53.08</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td rowspan="2">Stability AI</td>
            <td>StableLM 2 (12B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>53.40</td>
            <td>54.84</td>
            <td>51.45</td>
            <td>51.79</td>
            <td>50.16</td>
            <td>52.45</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>StableLM 2 (1.6B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>43.92</td>
            <td>51.10</td>
            <td>45.27</td>
            <td>46.14</td>
            <td>46.75</td>
            <td>46.48</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Baichuan</td>
            <td>Baichuan-2 (7B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>40.41</td>
            <td>47.35</td>
            <td>44.37</td>
            <td>46.33</td>
            <td>43.54</td>
            <td>44.30</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Yellow.ai</td>
            <td>Komodo<sup>†</sup> (7B)</td>
            <td></td>
            <td>43.62</td>
            <td>45.53</td>
            <td>39.34</td>
            <td>39.75</td>
            <td>39.48</td>
            <td>41.72</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
Markah tertinggi telah <strong>ditebalkan</strong> dan markah kedua tertinggi telah <ins>digariskan</ins>. 
† menunjukkan LLM yang dilatih dengan dataset Asia Tenggara.
†† menunjukkan GLM-4 sumber terbuka.
‡ keputusan daripada https://mesolitica.com/mallam.

## Rujukan

```bibtex
@InProceedings{MalayMMLU2024,
    author    = {Poh, Soon Chang and Yang, Sze Jue and Tan, Jeraelyn Ming Li and Chieng, Lawrence Leroy Tze Yao and Tan, Jia Xuan and Yu, Zhenyu and Foong, Chee Mun and Chan, Chee Seng},
    title     = {MalayMMLU: A Multitask Benchmark for the Low-Resource Malay Language},
    booktitle = {Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024},
    month     = {November},
    year      = {2024},
}
```

## Maklumbalas 
Cadangan dan pendapat (sama ada positif atau negatif) amat dialu-alukan. Sila hubungi dengan menghantar emel ke `cs.chan di um.edu.my`.