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To assess the 1-year efficacy and safety of a regimen of tocilizumab plus methotrexate or placebo, which was augmented by a treat-to-target strategy from week 24.,ACT-RAY was a double-blind, 3-year trial.,Adults with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate were randomised to add tocilizumab to ongoing methotre... | In patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite methotrexate, to compare the efficacy of adding tocilizumab to that of switching to tocilizumab monotherapy.,Double-blind, 2-year study in which adults with active RA (DAS28 >4.4) despite methotrexate were randomly assigned either to continue methotrexate with t... | 1 |
Background: The recently described interaction between smoking, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*15 and absence of HLA-A*02 with regard to multiple sclerosis (MS) risk shows that the risk conveyed by smoking differs depending on genetic background.,We aimed to investigate whether a similar interaction exists between ... | We investigated potential interactions between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and body mass index (BMI) status in relation to the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS).,We used 2 case-control studies, one with incident cases (1,510 cases, 2,017 controls) and one with prevalent cases (937 cases, 609 control... | 1 |
Monogenic causes of autoimmunity give key insights to the complex regulation of the immune system.,We report a new monogenic cause of autoimmunity resulting from de novo germline activating STAT3 mutations in 5 individuals with a spectrum of early-onset autoimmune disease including type 1 diabetes.,These findings empha... | Inflammation, which is directly regulated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling, is implicated in the etiology of several chronic diseases.,Although a common, non-synonymous variant in the IL-6 receptor gene (IL6R Asp358Ala; rs2228145 A>C) is associated with the risk of several common diseases, with the 358Ala allele confe... | 1 |
The aim of this study was to discuss the possible roles and clinical value of 2 circRNAs (hsa_circ_0049224 and has_circ_0049220) in SLE patients.,Reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to detect the expressions of hsa_circ_0049224, has_circ_0049220, and DNMT1 in peripheral bloo... | The diagnostic, predictive and prognostic role of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is widely accepted.,Moreover, detection of these antibodies in subjects presenting with undifferentiated arthritis (UA) is associated with a significant risk to develop the disease.... | 1 |
Early stages of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are characterized by local autoimmune inflammation and progressive loss of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells.,We show here that exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines unmasks a marked plasticity of the β-cell regulatory landscape.,We expand the repertoire of human islet regulato... | The Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) sponsored an Autoantibody Workshop, providing data from a large number of type 1 diabetes-affected sibling pair families with multiple autoantibodies assayed (both islet and nonislet targets) and extensive genetic and clinical information.,Multiple groups analyzed the aut... | 1 |
Aberrant immune responses characterize autoimmune disorders like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) wherein lymphocytes are recognized as key players.,Role of CD8+ T cells in RA has been less defined however we found that these cells are activated in RA patients with increased expression of cytolytic granules and inflammatory m... | To provide a table indicating the risk for developing anti citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to one’s HLA-DRB1 genotype.,We HLA-DRB1 genotyped 857 patients with ACPA positive RA and 2178 controls from South Eastern and Eastern France and calculated Odds Ratios (OR) for d... | 1 |
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are liver-specific autoimmune conditions that are characterized by chronic hepatic damage and often lead to cirrhosis and hepatic failure.,Specifically, the protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) gene encodes the lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase, ... | Recent genome-wide association studies demonstrated association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNFAIP3 region at 6q23 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in European-American populations.,In this study, we investigated whether SNPs in the TNFAIP3 region are associated with SLE also in a Japanese p... | 1 |
Epigenetic mechanisms can integrate gene-environment interactions that mediate disease transition from preclinical to clinically overt rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,To better understand their role, we evaluated microRNA (miRNA, miR) expression profile in indigenous North American patients with RA who were positive for ant... | Dominant-negative somatic mutations of p53 has been identified in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which interleukin (IL)-6 has been established as a pivotal inflammatory cytokine.,The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of p53 in the longstanding inflammation in RA by modulatin... | 1 |
Interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing TH17 cells are often present at the sites of tissue inflammation in autoimmune diseases, which has lead to the conclusion that TH17 are main drivers of autoimmune tissue injury.,However, not all TH17 cells are pathogenic, in fact TH17 generated with TGF-β1 and IL-6 produce IL-17 but do ... | CD4+ T cells that selectively produce interleukin (IL)-17, are critical for host defense and autoimmunity1-4.,Crucial for T helper17 (Th17) cells in vivo5,6, IL-23 has been thought to be incapable of driving initial differentiation.,Rather, IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 have been argued to be the factors... | 1 |
The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal disease (PD) has been the focus of numerous investigations driven by their common pathological features.,RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, the production of anti-citrullinated proteins antibodies (ACPA) leading to synovia... | Risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease is increased among RA patients.,High inflammatory burden associated with RA appears to be a key driver of the increased cardiovascular risk.,Inflammation is linked with accelerated atherosclerosis and associated with a paradoxical inversion of the relationship between CV risk and lip... | 1 |
Osteoimmunity is involved in regulating the balance of bone remodeling and resorption, and is essential for maintaining normal bone morphology.,The interaction between immune cells and osteoclasts in the bone marrow or joint cavity is the basis of osteoimmunity, in which the macrophage-osteoclast axis plays a vital rol... | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that causes deformity of the joints and physical disability.,Icariin, a natural flavonoid glucoside isolated from plants in the Epimedium family, has been proven to have various pharmacological activities.,A recent study showed that icariin suppress... | 1 |
To assess the efficacy and safety of anifrolumab, a type I interferon (IFN) receptor antagonist, in a phase IIb, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of adults with moderate‐to‐severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Patients (n = 305) were randomized to receive intravenous anifrolumab (300 mg or 1,000... | Epigenetic variants have been shown in recent studies to be important contributors to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Here, we report a 2-step study of discovery followed by replication to identify DNA methylation alterations associated with SLE in a Chinese population.,Using a genome-wide DNA m... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that usually presents in young adults and predominantly in females.,Microglia, a major resident immune cell in the CNS, are critical players in both CNS homeostasis and disease.,We have previously demonstrated that micro... | The potential of autologous cell‐based therapies including those using multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is being investigated for multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological conditions.,However, the phenotype of MSC in neurological diseases has not been fully characterized.,We have previously shown that ... | 1 |
This article presents the first detailed analysis of the prevalence and disability burden of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) from 1990 to 2019 by cause, age, sex, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories.,Data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2019 were used.,GBD 2019 modelled the p... | Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a potential therapy for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).,To investigate the efficacy and safety of the IVIG IgPro10 (Privigen) for treatment of CIDP, results from Privigen Impact on Mobility and Autonomy (PRIMA), a prospective, open‐label, single‐arm study o... | 1 |
Microglial clusters with C3d deposits are observed in the periplaque of multiple sclerosis (MS) brains and were proposed as early stage of lesion formation.,As such they should appear in the brain of MS donors with acute disease but thus far this has not been shown.,Using postmortem brain tissue from acute (n = 10) and... | The ability of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) to maintain proper barrier functions, keeping an optimal environment for central nervous system (CNS) activity and regulating leukocytes’ access, can be affected in CNS diseases.,Endothelial cells and astrocytes are the principal BBB cellular constituents and their interacti... | 1 |
Antibodies against posttranslationally modified proteins are a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the emergence and pathogenicity of these autoantibodies are still incompletely understood.,The aim of this study was to analyze the antigen specificities and mutation patterns of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) derived... | Ro52/TRIM21 plays a key role in antibody-dependent pathogen neutralization and is a major autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), and other autoimmune diseases.,Here we evaluated immunoreactivity against Ro52-related molecules in SS and healthy volunteers.,Although most proteins examined w... | 1 |
T cells from RA patients are hypoglycolytic due to insufficient induction of the glycolytic activator PFKFB3, resulting in impaired autophagy and reduced ROS production.,In the HLA class II-associated autoimmune syndrome rheumatoid arthritis (RA), CD4 T cells are critical drivers of pathogenic immunity.,We have explore... | Hypoxia is a microenvironmental feature in the inflamed joint, which promotes survival advantage for cells.,The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of partial oxygen pressure in the synovial tissue (tPO2) in patients with inflammatory arthritis with macroscopic/microscopic inflammation and local levels of... | 1 |
The cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) is currently unknown, but it is thought that oxidative damage and iron metabolism mechanisms are involved.,The aim of this study was to examine ceruloplasmin concentration in MS patients based on various immunomodifying therapies and to test the effect of antioxidative melatonin on ... | There is still no curative treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), but during the last 20 years eight different disease-modifying compounds have been approved for relapsing−remitting MS (RRMS).,A literature search was conducted on published randomized controlled phase III trials indexed in PubMed on the approved medicat... | 1 |
The measurement of gait characteristics during a self-administered 2-minute walk test (2MWT), in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), using a single body-worn device, has the potential to provide high-density longitudinal information on disease progression, beyond what is currently measured in the clinician-administ... | We investigated the determinants and clinical correlations of MRI-detected brain volume loss (BVL) among patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis from the phase 3 trials of fingolimod: FREEDOMS, FREEDOMS II, and TRANSFORMS.,Post hoc analyses were conducted in the intent-to-treat populations from each trial ... | 1 |
•Cladribine is a highly effective, recently available treatment in multiple sclerosis.,•This case report describes a patient with a mild COVID-19 infection during second year treatment with cladribine.,•Normal immune response with detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV2 three months after the infection.,Cladribine is a high... | Although most autoimmune diseases are considered to be CD4 T cell- or antibody-mediated, many respond to CD20-depleting antibodies that have limited influence on CD4 and plasma cells.,This includes rituximab, oblinutuzumab and ofatumumab that are used in cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and off-label in a large number of o... | 1 |
Our studies indicate that the resident macrophages of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans have a seminal role in the initiation and progression of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice.,In this study, islet macrophages were depleted by administration of a monoclonal antibody to the CSF-1 receptor.,Macrophage depletion, eithe... | Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the selective destruction of the pancreatic β-cells, causing inability to produce insulin.,Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-17, and NO can be released by CD4 and CD8+ lymphocytes as well as by classically activated macrophage... | 1 |
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rapidly disabling disease.,Epidemiologic studies have suggested varying NMOSD mortality across ethnic groups.,However, NMOSD mortality data in China are scarce.,This study’s objectives were to explore mortality and causes of death among Chinese NMOSD patients and to i... | Since vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became available, risks related to vaccinating patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) need to be carefully assessed.,Characterize safety and occurrence of immediate relapses following COVID-19 vaccination in a large cohort of MS patients.,We assessed the safe... | 1 |
Genetic deficiency in C1q is a strong susceptibility factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,There are two major hypotheses that potentially explain the role of C1q in SLE.,The first postulates that C1q deficiency abrogates apoptotic cell clearance, leading to persistently high loads of potentially immunogenic s... | Type I interferons are pivotal in the activation of autoimmune response in systemic lupus erythematous.,However, the pathogenic role of interferon-alpha in patients affected by lupus nephritis remains uncertain.,The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of a specific interferon signature in lupus nephritis a... | 1 |
Cortical, thalamic and hippocampal gray matter atrophy in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is associated cognitive deficits.,However, the role of interconnecting white matter pathways including the fornix, cingulum, and uncinate fasciculus (UF) is less well studied.,To assess MS damage to a hippocampal-thalamic-prefrontal... | Grey matter (GM) damage is a clinically relevant feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) that has been previously assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).,Fractional anisotropy (FA) of the basal ganglia and thalamus might be increased in MS patients, and correlates with disability scores.,Despite the established role o... | 1 |
In 9-20% of cases, Sjögren's syndrome is associated with various respiratory symptoms.,The most typical manifestations are chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD) and tracheobronchial disease.,The most common manifestation of ILD is nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in its fibrosing variant.,Other types of ILD, such a... | A number of reports have indicated an association between thyroid diseases and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).,However, fewer studies have investigated whether the presence of thyroid diseases is associated with increased risk of developing pSS.,Thus, the aim of our study was to use a nationwide health claims databas... | 1 |
Microglia are resident immune cells that fulfill protective and homeostatic functions in the central nervous system (CNS) but may also promote neurotoxicity in the aged brain and in chronic disease.,In multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS, microglia and macrophages contribute to the d... | Fingolimod efficiently reduces multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse by inhibiting lymphocyte egress from lymph nodes through down-modulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors.,We aimed to clarify the alterations in peripheral blood T cell subsets associated with MS relapse on fingolimod.,Blood samples successively ... | 1 |
Among autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have a unique predisposition to develop infections, which represents one of their main causes of morbidity and mortality.,Many infections occur at disease diagnosis in the absence of immunosuppressive therapy, suggesting that the immunological abnor... | The available clinical as well as experimental studies implicate participation of T regulatory (Treg) subsets in the pathogenesis and course of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).,Introduction of the CD4+CD25+CD127− and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory subpopulations analysis into immunological processes assessment and disea... | 1 |
Since vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became available, risks related to vaccinating patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) need to be carefully assessed.,Characterize safety and occurrence of immediate relapses following COVID-19 vaccination in a large cohort of MS patients.,We assessed the safe... | It is unknown whether MS disease modifying therapies impact ability to mount an antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.,Case series and literature review.,We report a series of two MS patients who developed COVID-19 while on Ocrelizumab therapy and subsequently exhibited negative SARS-CoV-2 serology.,A 42-year-old man and 39-... | 1 |
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (Anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an acute autoimmune neurological disorder.,The cause of this disease is often unknown, and previous studies revealed that it might be caused by a virus, vaccine or tumor.,It occurs more often in females than in males.,Several cases were reported to be relat... | MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded 19-25 nucleotide-long RNAs and have an important role in post-transcriptional gene silencing.,It has been demonstrated that miRNAs are dysregulated in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).,For instance, miR-21, miR-142-3p, miR-146a, miR-146b, miR-155 and miR-326 were up-regulated... | 1 |
Resting and activated subpopulations of CD4+CD25+CD127loT regulatory cells (Treg) and CD4+CD25+CD127+ effector T cells in MS patients and in healthy individuals were compared.,Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated using Ficoll Hypaque were stained with monoclonal antibodies and analysed by flow cytometer.,CD45RA ... | Interleukin-27 (IL-27) and its subunit P28 (also known as IL-30) have been shown to inhibit autoimmunity and have been suggested as potential immunotherapeutic for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS).,However, the potential of IL-27 and IL-30 as immunotherapeutic, and their mechanisms of action have not... | 1 |
Optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived measures of the retina correlate with disability and cortical gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, whether such measures predict long‐term disability is unknown.,We evaluated whether a single OCT and visual function assessment predict the disability status ... | Neurofilament light chains (NfL) are unique to neuronal cells, are shed to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and are detectable at low concentrations in peripheral blood.,Various diseases causing neuronal damage have resulted in elevated CSF concentrations.,We explored the value of an ultrasensitive single‐molecule array ... | 1 |
Despite recent advances in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, unmet medical needs in some areas still exist.,One of the main therapeutic approaches to alleviate dysregulated inflammation has been to target the activity of kinases that regulate production of inflammatory mediators.,Small-molecule kin... | Aiming at therapeutic targets has reduced the risk of organ failure in many diseases such as diabetes or hypertension.,Such targets have not been defined for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,To develop recommendations for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes in RA.,A task force of rheumatologists and a patient developed a ... | 1 |
The Oxford Big Data Institute, multiple sclerosis (MS) physicians and Novartis aim to address unresolved questions in MS with a novel comprehensive clinical trial data set.,The objective of this study is to describe the Novartis-Oxford MS (NO.MS) data set and to explore the relationships between age, disease activity a... | The age-related failure to produce oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) is associated with irreversible neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS).,Consequently, regenerative approaches have significant potential for treating chronic demyelinating diseases.,Here, we show that the differentiat... | 1 |
Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA).,We assessed the effects of tofacitinib on bone density and bone markers in association with clinical and laboratory parameters in RA.,Tofacitinib stabilized bone density and resulted in a positive balance of bone turnover.,Janus kinase (JAK) inh... | Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most frequent autoimmune disease involving the joints.,Although anti-TNF therapies have proven effective in the management of RA, approximately one third of patients do not show a significant clinical response.,The objective of this study was to identify new genetic variatio... | 1 |
Background: Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a chronic childhood arthropathy with features of autoinflammation.,Early inflammatory SJIA is associated with expansion and activation of neutrophils with a sepsis-like phenotype, but neutrophil phenotypes present in longstanding and clinically inactive disea... | Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) have been reported to be present in 15-20% of sera from subjects with periodontitis at concentrations exceeding those found in 95% of the healthy adult population.,These antibodies, albeit at concentrations exceeding those generally found in periodontitis subjects, are typically present... | 1 |
Type 1 diabetes affects millions of people globally and requires careful management to avoid serious long-term complications, including heart and kidney disease, stroke, and loss of sight.,The type 1 diabetes patient cohort is highly heterogeneous, with individuals presenting with disease at different stages and severi... | The lysosomal protease cathepsin L uses pancreatic secretory granule protein precursors and a reverse proteolysis mechanism, transpeptidation, to generate chimeric super-epitopes specific for diabetogenic CD4 T cells.,The identification of the peptide epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC... | 1 |
We have reported previously the insufficient absolute number or functional defects of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), challenging conventional unspecific immunosuppressive therapy.,Sirolimus, a mTOR inhibitor, is reported to allow growth of functional Tregs; here, we investigated ... | A defining feature of adaptive immunity is the development of long-lived memory T cells to curtail infection.,Recent studies have identified a unique stem-like T cell subset in exhausted CD8+ T cells in chronic infection1-3, but it remains unclear whether CD4+ T cell subsets with similar features exist in chronic infla... | 1 |
To determine (i) correlates for etanercept (ETA) discontinuation after achieving an inactive disease and for the subsequent risk of flare and (ii) to analyze the effectiveness of ETA in the re-treatment after a disease flare.,Data from two ongoing prospective registries, BiKeR and JuMBO, were used for the analysis.,Bot... | Biologicals are very effective for inhibiting disease progression in active juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).,To date, there have been no recommendations on how and when to stop therapy with TNF inhibitors.,Our objective was to analyze characteristics and the disease course of JIA patients who discontinued etanercep... | 1 |
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells exert an important role in autoimmune diseases.,Whether it might be involved in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown.,Our aim was to investigate the role of Tfh cells in patients with T1D and the effect of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) on Tfh cells from T1D patients.,Fifty-four p... | Type 1 diabetes presents clinically with overt hyperglycemia resulting from progressive immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells and associated metabolic dysfunction.,Combined genetic and immunological studies now highlight deficiencies in both the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor and its downstream signaling pat... | 1 |
Available evidence provides arguments both for and against a primary pathogenic role for T cells in human type 1 diabetes.,Genetic susceptibility linked to HLA Class II lends strong support.,Histopathology documents HLA Class I hyperexpression and islet infiltrates dominated by CD8+ T cells.,While both hallmarks are ne... | Functional interpretation of noncoding genetic variants identified by genome-wide association studies is a major challenge in human genetics and gene regulation.,We generated epigenomics data using primary cells from type 1 diabetes patients.,Using these data, we identified and validated multiple novel risk variants fo... | 1 |
We studied the association of plasma ascorbic acid with the risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes and examined whether SNPs in vitamin C transport genes modify these associations.,Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether the SNPs themselves are associated with the risk of islet autoimmunity or typ... | To determine the frequency of newly diagnosed diabetic children with first- and second-degree relatives affected by type 1 diabetes and to characterize the effects of this positive family history on clinical markers, signs of β-cell autoimmunity, and HLA genotype in the index case.,Children (n = 1,488) with type 1 diab... | 1 |
There is an unmet need in multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy for treatments to stop progressive disability.,The development of treatments may be accelerated if novel biomarkers are developed to overcome the limitations of traditional imaging outcomes revealed in early phase trials.,In January 2019, the International Progr... | Confirmed Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression occurring after a fixed-study entry baseline is a common measure of disability increase in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) studies but may not detect all disability progression events, especially those unrelated to overt relapses.,To evaluate p... | 1 |
The Oxford Classification of IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) identified mesangial hypercellularity (M), endocapillary proliferation (E), segmental glomerulosclerosis (S), and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T) as independent predictors of outcome.,Whether it applies to individuals excluded from the original study and how... | Endothelial injury, which may present clinically as hypertension, proteinuria and increased von Willebrand Factor (vWF) level, is a common manifestation in IgA nephropathy (IgAN).,However, causal factors for endothelial injury in IgAN are not completely understood.,An imbalance of vascular endothelial growth factor/Sol... | 1 |
The efficacy of cyclosporine A (CsA) in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is unclear.,This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy and the safety of CsA in the treatment of IMN in Asians.,We searched the Pubmed, China Biomedical Database, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and EMBASE (November 3... | New therapeutic agents are warranted in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.,Synthetic ACTH may be advantageous with reported remission rates up to 85% and few side effects.,We conducted a prospective open label cohort study from 2008 till 2010 (NCT00694863).,We prospectively selected patients with idiopathic membranous ... | 1 |
Thyroid-associated ophthalmoapthy (TAO) is the most common orbital disease.,As an autoimmune disorder, it is caused by self-reactive lymphocytes that escape immune tolerance, but the mechanism is not fully understood.,The basic process of TAO is the infiltration of immune cells in orbital tissues, the activation of orb... | Graves’ Disease (GD) is an autoimmune condition in which thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TRAB) mimic thyroid-stimulating hormone function causing hyperthyroidism. 5% of GD patients develop inflammatory Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) characterized by proptosis and attendant sight problems.,A major challenge is to identify whi... | 1 |
Increased brain iron concentration is often reported concurrently with disease development in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurodegenerative diseases.,However, it is unclear whether the higher iron concentration in patients stems from an influx of iron into the tissue or a relative reduction in tissue compartments... | Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which macrophages and microglia play a central role.,Foamy macrophages and microglia, containing degenerated myelin, are abundantly found in active multiple sclerosis lesions.,Recent studies have described an altered m... | 1 |
The Evaluate Patient OutComes (EPOC) study assessed physician- and patient-reported outcomes in individuals with relapsing multiple sclerosis who switched directly from injectable disease-modifying therapy (iDMT; glatiramer acetate, intramuscular or subcutaneous interferon beta-1a, or interferon beta-1b) to once-daily,... | The 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) was developed to examine the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on physical and psychological functioning from a patient’s perspective.,To determine the responder definition (RD) of the MSIS-29 physical impact subscale (PHYS) in a group of patients with relapsing-rem... | 1 |
The role of the intestinal microbiota as a regulator of autoimmune diabetes in animal models is well-established, but data on human type 1 diabetes are tentative and based on studies including only a few study subjects.,To exclude secondary effects of diabetes and HLA risk genotype on gut microbiota, we compared the in... | The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing.,Delivery by cesarean section is also more prevalent, and it is suggested that cesarean section is associated with type 1 diabetes risk.,We examine associations between cesarean delivery, islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes, and genes involved in type 1 diabetes suscept... | 1 |
In the majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), antibodies specifically recognize citrullinated autoantigens that are generated by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs).,Neutrophils express high levels of PAD and accumulate in the synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients during disease flares.,This study was underta... | The persistence of activated T cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium may be attributable to increased homing, increased retention or a possible imbalance between cell proliferation and programmed cell death.,Induction of apoptosis may represent a potential therapeutic approach.,Galactoxylomannan (GalXM) from the ... | 1 |
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune condition with heterogeneous presentation and complex aetiology where DNA methylation changes are emerging as a contributing factor.,In order to discover novel epigenetic associations and investigate their relationship to genetic risk for SLE, we analysed DNA m... | In a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) of individuals of European ancestry afflicted with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) the extensive utilization of imputation, stepwise multiple regression, lasso regularization, and increasing study power by utilizing False Discovery Rate (FDR) instead of a Bonferroni multiple... | 1 |
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a class of covalently circular non-coding RNA molecules formed by 5′ and 3′ end back-splicing.,The rapid development of bioinformatics and large-scale sequencing has led to the identification of functional circRNAs.,Despite an overall upward trend, studies focusing on the roles of ci... | This study aims to identify key miRNAs in circulation, which predict ongoing beta-cell destruction and regeneration in children with newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).,We compared expression level of sera miRNAs from new onset T1D children and age-matched healthy controls and related the miRNAs expression levels to... | 1 |
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that is caused by the interplay of genetic, particularly the HLA-DR15 haplotype, and environmental risk factors.,How these etiologic factors contribute to generating an autoreactive CD4+ T cell repertoire is not clear.,Here, we demonstrate that self-reactivity, defined as “au... | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with inflammatory lesions in the brain and spinal cord.,The detection of such inflammatory lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important in the consideration of the diagnosis and differential diagnoses of MS, as well as in the monitoring of disease activity and predic... | 1 |
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