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README.md
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---
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base_model:
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- HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-1.7B-Instruct
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datasets:
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- jjzha/fs1-2708
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language:
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- en
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library_name: transformers
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license: mit
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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tags:
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- en
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- factuality
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- thinking
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- reasoning
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---
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## Model Details
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**SmolLM2-1.7B-Instruct-rt-2708** is a 1.7B parameter language model designed for English text generation tasks. This model builds upon [HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-1.7B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-1.7B-Instruct) and is further fine-tuned on the [jjzha/fs1-2708](https://huggingface.co/datasets/jjzha/fs1-2708) dataset. It focuses on enhancing factual reasoning abilities in generated text.
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### Model Developers
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This model was fine-tuned by independent contributors using the Hugging Face Transformers library.
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### Variations
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This is a fine-tuned version of the `HuggingFaceTB/SmolLM2-1.7B-Instruct` model. No additional variants or intermediate checkpoints are currently provided.
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### Input
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Text only.
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### Output
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Text only.
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### Model Architecture
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The model is an auto-regressive, transformer-based language model, fine-tuned with supervised learning to improve instruction-following and reasoning capabilities in English.
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### Model Dates
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Fine-tuning was performed in February-April 2025. The base and instruct model was originally released by the Qwen team.
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### License
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This model is released under the [Apache 2.0 license](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
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### Research Paper
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[Scaling Reasoning can Improve Factuality in Large Language Models](https://huggingface.co/papers/2505.11140)
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## Intended Use & Limitations
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### Intended Use Cases
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This model is intended for English language text generation tasks that require improved factual accuracy and reasoning. It is suitable for research, experimentation, and development of assistant-like chat applications.
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The instruction-tuned base model follows the Qwen instruction format, and this fine-tuned version preserves that behavior.
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### Limitations
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Despite improvements, the model may still produce factually incorrect or logically inconsistent outputs. It is not recommended for high-stakes decision-making applications without human oversight. Always verify generated content before relying on it in critical scenarios.
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## Hardware and Software
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### Training Factors
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Fine-tuning was performed using the Hugging Face Transformers library and Pytorch FSDP. We used a multinode and multigpu setup with AMD MI250x GPUs.
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### Carbon Footprint
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We only have aggregated statistics of all models fine-tuned and inferences. A cumulative of 6,500 GPU hours of computation was performed on AMD MI250x GPU
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modules, which has a TDP of 500 Watts. The experiments were ran from February to April 2025. During this time, the average carbon efficiency in Finland was 0.085 kg/kW h.
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This means we released about 276 kg of CO2 equivalent.
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## Training Data
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### Overview
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Fine-tuning was performed on the [jjzha/fs1-2708](https://huggingface.co/datasets/jjzha/fs1-2708) dataset, which focuses on enhancing reasoning and factual accuracy.
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## Evaluation Results
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See paper for results.
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## Citation
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```
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@misc{zhang2025scalingreasoningimprovefactuality,
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title={Scaling Reasoning can Improve Factuality in Large Language Models},
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author={Mike Zhang and Johannes Bjerva and Russa Biswas},
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year={2025},
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eprint={2505.11140},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CL},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.11140},
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}
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```
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Code: https://github.com/jjzha/fs1
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